2024届高三英语复习——阅读理解之说明文(含答案）

阅读理解（说明文）
1. （云南师范大学附属中学 2023 年高三试题）
Lately, it’s felt like technological change has entered an incredible panies like OpenAI and Google have unveiled new Artificial Intelligence systems with incredible capabilities, making what once seemed like science fiction an everyday reality. It’s an era that is raising big, existential questions for us all, about everything
from the future of human existence to the future of human work.
“Things are changing so fast,” says Erik Brynjolfsson, a leading, technology-focused economist based at Stanford University. As he notes, this new wave of technological change looks like it could be pretty different. Unlike before, experienced and skilled workers benefited mostly from AI technology. In this new wave, it’s the less experienced and less skilled workers who benefit the most. “And that might be helpful in terms of closing some of the inequality that previous technologies actually promoted,” Brynjolfsson says. So one benefit of intelligence machines is—maybe —they will improve the know-how and smarts of low performers, thereby reducing
inequality.
But it’s also possible that AI could lower the profit of the experienced, smart, or knowledgeable ones. AI could reduce inequality by bringing the bottom up, and it could also reduce inequality by bringing the top and
middle down.
Of course, as Erik put, it’s also possible that Al could end up increasing inequality even more. For one, it could make the Big AI companies, which own these powerful new systems, wildly rich. It could also empower business owners to replace more and more workers with intelligent machines. And it could kill jobs for all but the best of the best in various industries, who keep their jobs because maybe they’re superstars or because maybe they
have seniority.
The effects of AI, of course, are still very much being studied-and these systems are evolving fast — so this is just an assumption. This machine intelligence could upend much of the previous thinking on which kinds of jobs
will be affected by automation.
1 ．What do the underlined words “the know-how and smarts” mean in paragraph 2
A ．Experience and intelligence. B ．Skills and potential.
C ．Abilities and experience. D ．Outlook and talents.
2 ．Who will gain more in this new AI era
A ．The senior with high rank. B ．The new with little experience.
C ．The learned with great credit. D ．The poor with practical skills.
3 ．Which statement will Erik probably agree with
A ．The fast development of AI will promote the division of inequality.
B ．The best of all walks of life will survive the competition against AI systems.
C ．Giant AI companies will be the winner in the future world of new AI systems.
D ．Lower rank workers with little knowledge are bound to be abandoned by employers.
4 ．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A ．The Fast Growth of the World B ．The Influence of the Inequality
C ．The Impact of the AI System D ．The Future of the AI Generation
2.（2023-2024 学年湖南省名校大联考英语试题）
PFAS are found in nonstick pans, water-proof fabrics and food packaging. They're called forever chemicals because of their ability to stick around and not break down. Now, using a bit of heat and two relatively common
compounds, researchers have degraded(降解) the chemical in the lab.
While some scientists have found relatively simple ways of breaking down select PFAS,most degradation methods require harsh processes using intense pressure—in some cases over 22 mega-pascals—or extremely high
temperatures—sometimes upwards of 1,000℃ —to break the chemical bonds.
William Dichtel, from Northwestern University in Evanston, and his team experimented with two substances found in nearly every chemistry lab; sodium hydroxide(氢氧化钠),also known as lye, and a solvent(溶剂)called
DMSO. The team worked specifically on a group of forever chemicals which contain a large percentage of PFAS.
When the team combined chemicals with the lye and DMSO at 120℃ and with no extra pressure needed, the carbolic acid( 羧 酸 )fell off the chemicals and became carbon dioxide."What happened next was unexpected," Dichtel said. The loss of the acid helped degrade the chemicals into fluoride ions( 氟 离 子 )and smaller
carbon-containing products, leaving behind no harmful by-products.
"It's a neat method; it's different from others that have been tried," says Chris Sales, an environmental engineer
at Drexel University in Philadelphia who was not involved in the study."The biggest question is how this could be
adapted and scaled up. Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals," Sales said.
This process wouldn't work to deal with PFAS in the environment, because it requires a concentrated amount of the chemicals, but it could one day be used in wastewater treatment plants, where the pollutants could be filtered
out of the water, concentrated and then broken down.
5. What can we learn about the previous ways to break down PFAS
A. They're eco-friendly. B. They've been widely used.
C. They're difficult to operate. D. They're regarded as useless.
6. What did the team do in their experiment
A. They experimented with different solvents.
B. They tried two very common substances.
C. They tested every group of forever chemicals,
D. They exposed chemicals to extreme temperatures.
7.What made the researchers most surprised in their experiment
A. Environmentally-friendly reactions occurred.
B. The carboxylic acid became carbon dioxide.
C. No extra pressure was needed for the trial.
D. The lye and DMSO could work at 120℃,
8. What can we infer from Chris Sales' words
A. It is difficult to deal with PFAS in the environment.
B. This mechanism will soon be used in the environment.
C. The method will be applied to different kinds of chemicals.
D More research is needed before the method is widely used.
3.（江西省宜丰中学 2023 年高三试题）
Some people say that the planet is getting smaller, that there are few places left to explore, and that the age of
exploration will be over soon.
I would argue instead that there has never been a greater need to explore. That’s because the stage for all exploration is the natural world, and nature is experiencing a rapid decline. It is by exploring that we understand and when we understand we develop an appreciation for what is found. Ultimately, only the things we appreciate
are worth protecting.
As the golden age of exploration weakens, so does the richness of life on Earth. It isn’t just that there are fewer blank areas on the map; it is that wild places and spaces have been progressively carved up ( 瓜分). Visiting the Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert, for example, no longer implies a self-supported expedition. Field stations pop
up in important national parks and remote sensing by satellite becomes commonplace.
In the next century, I believe we will need larger and wilder areas. We will need the wilderness, not just for the protection of it, but because it is an important part of the ecosystems from which we gain our necessities like clean water, food and materials. If we succeed, then expeditions — brief travels into the wild that seek to answer questions, monitor populations, and inspire action — will have a renewed sense of purpose. More importantly, they
greatly help the public experience, understand and appreciate nature.
Based on my own research expedition which aims to understand “edge effects” — how the changes in temperature at forest edges impact animals, I find it important that today’s scientists continue to spend time in the field. It is here that they begin to understand how seemingly unrelated environmental interactions influence their study system. Sometimes, it’s difficult to know which is important to measure until you stand out there on the
forest edge.
It is the young generation that is the main force to lead the next wave of expeditions. The measure of their success will be whether there are still well-preserved wild places for expeditions in the future. Their leadership is
needed now, more than ever.
9 ．What’s the purpose of this text
A ．To suggest understanding nature by keeping exploring.
B ．To advise people not to travel to unknown places.
C ．To inform us about the reduced biodiversity.
D ．To call on the public to support the study.
10 ．What can we know about the expedition in wild spaces from Paragraph 3
A ．It is difficult for explorers to make progress.
B ．It is more accessible with the help of technology.
C ．It promotes the development of satellite technology.
D ．It requires explorers to take sufficient heavy equipment.
11 ．What does the underlined part “popup” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A ．Appear unexpectedly. B ．Close temporarily.
C ．Develop quickly. D ．Differ greatly.
12 ．What does the author realize after his research expedition
A ．The significance of scientists’ field trip.
B ．The difficulty of carrying out fieldwork.
C ．The need to expand the edges of forests.
D ．The influence of his study on the environment.
4.（2023 年湖南省娄底市名校联考信息卷）
In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon“, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter
Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make all the differences. ”It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,“ told Kenneth Golden, a U. S. mathematician who studies the structures of ice. ”It’s a much more
fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.“
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal(六边形的)structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer
the water, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important, As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 , is not new when it comes to ice-making.
However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant, like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2, doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as
a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
”We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way.“ told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the
2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
13 ．What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making
A ．The water isn’t able to freeze completely.
B ．The quality of the ice will be affected.
C ．The ice surface will be more consistent.
D ．It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice.
14 ．Why has CO2 cooling technology been applied for the Winter Olympic Games
A ．It’s the most advanced technology for ice-making.
B ．CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants.
C ．CO2 is more environmentally friendly than Freon.
D ．CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere.
15 ．What is Gao Bo’s attitude to CO2 being applied to ice-making
A ．Unclear. B ．Opposed. C ．Doubtful. D ．Favorable.
16 ．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A ．The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Are Coming
B ．Beneath Olympic Ice
C ．The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games
D ．The Structure of Ice
5. （广东省深圳市罗湖区部分学校 2023-2024 学年高三试题）
Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late - that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a
side effect of your personality traits, scientists have found.
So what is it that causes some people to constantly miss trains, make it to the wedding just after the bride’s shown up and regularly annoy their friends And why is it so hard for us to fix it “There are all sorts of punishments for being late, and the paradox is that we are late even when those punishments and consequences
exist.” said Justin Kruger, a social psychologist at New York University.
One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that they fail to accurately judge how long a task will take - something known as the planning fallacy( 谬 误). Research has shown that people on average
underestimate the time to complete a task by a significant 40 percent.
Another trait is that forever -late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers. In a 2003 study run by Jeff Conte from San Diego State University found that out of 181 subway operators in New York City, those who preferred multitasking were more often late for their job. This is because multitasking makes it harder to have the awareness
of what you’re doing. Conte also discovered there is a personality type that’s more likely to be late. While highly
strung(紧张不安), achievement-oriented Type A individuals are more possible to be punctual. Type B individuals,
however, who are more laid-back(漫不经心), have a higher chance to be late.
Admittedly, knowing all of this doesn’t necessarily help fix the problem. But scientists are starting to work on strategies that can slowly improve our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down an activity into detailed steps can help people estimate how long something will take more accurately. As for your personality type, unfortunately, there isn’t much you can do to change that. But accepting that you need to struggle
for it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first step to change.
17 ．What does the underlined word “paradox” mean in paragraph 2
A ．Strategy. B ．Argument. C ．Solution. D ．Puzzle.
18 ．What is a possible feature of forever-late-comers
A ．They plan to spend more time on a task.
B ．They tackle more than one task at a time.
C ．They suffer from concentration difficulties.
D ．They have high expectations for achievements.
19 ．Which advice can be given to people who are always late
A ．Learn to accept who you are. B ．Change your personality type.
C ．Divide a task into smaller ones. D ．Keep to the timetable accurately.
20 ．What is the main idea of the text
A ．Time management contributes to success.
B ．Late comers should be severely punished.
C ．One’s always being late is linked to personality.
D ．Changing personality helps improve punctuality.
6.（广东省深圳市罗湖区部分学校 2023-2024 学年高三试题）
Next time you’re having trouble solving a tricky puzzle, consider asking a nearby bumblebee.
A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that bumblebees can learn certain behaviors from each other,
suggesting these social insects have a capacity for what we humans call “culture.”
In the past couple of decades, a growing body of evidence has shown that animals like chimps and birds show behaviors of learning. If what they learn lasts for a long time, it turns into a tradition. And culture is made up of
multiple traditions. “Bumblebees, though, have some of the most complex behavioral abilities, nobody’s really
thought to look at culture in such insects and generally assume they’re mostly driven by inborn factors instead,”
says Alice Bridges, a behavioral ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England.
To prove them wrong, Bridges built a puzzle box, whose base held the reward: a drop of super sweet sugar water. The box was designed with a rotating (旋转) top that can be rotated by pushing either on a red tab clockwise or a blue tab anti-clockwise. Some bees were trained to push the red tab to get the sugar water while others pushed
the blue one. Then, these tutor bees were placed inside different colonies (蜂群), along with the puzzle boxes.
The experiment ultimately played itself out. In colonies where the tutor bee had originally learned to push the red tab, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red tab. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push the blue tab, their fellow bees also tended to do the same. In contrast, in the control groups without tutors, the bees sometimes learned how to open the boxes, but most of them would do it once or twice and then never again. “They
perhaps hadn’t quite made the link between their behavior and the reward,” Bridges supposes.
“Many of us consider ourselves to be rather special…because we have culture, we can learn and we’re social,” Bridges says. “But now it turns out that even the bee also has culture, which is an uncomfortable truth: human culture, once thought unique, does not emerge ‘out of the blue’ but has obviously built on deep evolutionary
foundations.
21 ．What is people’s common attitude to bumblebees having culture
A ．Positive. B ．Indifferent. C ．Interested. D ．Doubtful.
22 ．Why does Bridges place trained bees inside different colonies
A ．To test their learning capability in new settings.
B ．To see if they will spread the secret of the boxes.
C ．To evaluate their ruling power in various groups.
D ．To observe if they will share their food with peers.
23 ．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the study
A ．Its appeal to the public. B ．Implications on cultural origins.
C ．Its practical application. D ．Suggestions for future directions.
24 ．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A ．Human Culture Is Losing Its Uniqueness
B ．Bee’s Behavior Builds on Biological Factors
C ．Culture May Be Present Among Bumblebees
D ．Animals’ Evolution May Start From Colonies
7.（2023 届四川省高考英语模拟卷）
It’s becoming increasingly vital for individuals to cultivate strong critical thinking skills. Critical thinking involves analyzing information and evidence in a clear, logical, and unbiased way. It’s the ability to ask relevant
questions, evaluate information, and come to well-reasoned conclusions.
One of the key benefits of critical thinking is that it can help us make better decisions. By analyzing information carefully, we can avoid making hasty or impulsive decisions that we may later regret. Instead, we can
make well-informed choices that are backed by evidence and logical reasoning.
Critical thinking is also essential for academic success. College and university courses require students to read and analyze texts, synthesize information from different sources, and present evidence-based arguments. Without the ability to think critically, students may struggle to excel in their coursework and may be unable to engage in
meaningful debates and discussions.
Moreover, strong critical thinking skills are necessary for success in the workplace. Many employers look for individuals who can provide well-reasoned solutions to complex problems, think creatively, and make sound judgments. Critical thinking skills enable us to consider various options and outcomes and weigh the pros and cons
of each before arriving at a decision.
Finally, critical thinking is crucial for participation in civic life and democracy. Informed citizens need to be able to evaluate information from different sources and decide which sources are reliable. They need to be able to question assumptions, separate fact from opinion, and make well-reasoned decisions when voting or participating in
public debate.
Critical-thinking skills are essential for success in many areas of life. They enable us to make better decisions, excel academically and professionally, and participate effectively in civic life. Therefore, it’s important for
individuals to cultivate and develop these skills throughout their lives.
25 ．Why are strong critical thinking skills essential for academic success
A ．Because academic courses require students to memorize information from different sources.
B ．Because academic courses require students to engage in debates and discussions.
C．Because academic courses require students to analyze and synthesize information from different sources and
present evidence-based arguments.
D ．Because academic courses require students to avoid learning from different sources.
26 ．Why are critical thinking skills necessary for success in office
A ．Because employers need individuals who supply evidence and reasoning to arrive at conclusions.
B ．Because employers look for individuals who can’t provide well-reasoned solutions to complex problems.
C ．Because employers want individuals who can make right and impulsive decisions.
D ．Because employers try to gain individuals who provide reasoned solutions to problems, think creatively,
and so forth.
27 ．Why is critical thinking crucial for participation in civic life and democracy
A ．Because it’s dispensable for informed citizens to evaluate information from different sources.
B ．Because informed citizens need become capable of question-assumptions, separate fact from opinion, etc.
C ．Because civic life and democracy do require individuals to be informed in advance.
D ．Because informed citizens neglect evidence and proof when participating in public debate.
28 ．What’s the best title for this passage
A ．The Importance of Exercise for Academic Success
B ．The Power of Positive Thinking for Workplace Success
C ．The Significance of Critical Thinking Skills
D ．The Art of Persuasion in Civic Life
8.（贵州省贵阳市 2023-2024 学年高三试题）
The term “oniomania”, which is used to describe people with obsessive (强迫性的), problematic shopping and spending behaviors, consists of the Greek words “onios”, meaning “for sale”, and “mania”. Also known as Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD) and Impulsive Compulsive Buying Disorder (ICBD), oniomania can leave
negative impact on your financial health and mental wellbeing if left untreated.
At this point you might be wondering: “What’s the difference between an oniomaniac and someone who likes to shop perhaps a bit too much ” We tend to believe that the two are rather similar. Clinically ( 从 临床上看),
however, they are quite easy to separate.
Although people who like shopping will return an item if they do not like it and start budgeting if they run low on money, people suffering from oniomania are no longer able to make reasonable, let alone financially responsible, decisions. They sometimes emotionally dissociate from what they are doing, making their purchases while they are not really sure what to buy. Spending relieves feelings of anxiety and depression, but only
temporarily. In a short time, they might become moody, annoyed, and depressed, and their confidence declines
sharply.
To a certain extent, spending makes everyone feel good. In 2007, a group of researchers from MIT, Stanford and Carnegie Mellon looked at the brains of American consumers via MRI technology and found that when they purchased desirable objects, their nucleus accumbens — the brain’s pleasure center — would light up, indicating a positive stimulation. This stimulation can take on different forms. For instance, some people get particularly excited when they believe they have gotten a good deal. This, researchers say, is the result of the prefrontal cortex — the decision-making part of our brain — interacting with the insula, the part of our brain that processes pain. According to psychotherapist Joyce Marter, compulsive buyers in the U. S. make an average of 156 impulsive purchases per year. Each purchase sets them back around $81. 75, making for a grand total of $5, 400 per year and a thorough shocking $324, 000 per lifetime. That money could have been invested in a home, an education, or other products that you actually need in order to survive and thrive in the world. Ultimately, though, treating oniomania is about much more than just protecting your finances from your own impulses — it’s also about maintaining your personal
mental health and improving your relationships with others.
29 ．What do we know about oniomania
A ．It is a normal behavior.
B ．It influences people’s health.
C ．It means people who like shopping.
D ．It describes people’s difference.
30 ．What does the underlined phrase “run low on” probably mean
A ．run out of
B ．go short of
C ．look down on
D ．become rich in
31 ．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about
A ．Why many researchers take part in the study.
B ．How everyone makes a wise decision.
C ．How desirable objects are well welcome.
D ．Why shopping makes common people happy.
32 ．What is the benefit of treating oniomania
A ．It is beneficial to education.
B ．It develops our desires.
C ．It keeps our mind healthy.
D ．It is harmful to relationships.
9.（云南省昆明市师范大学附属中学 2023 年高三试题）
“It is necessary for us to go to places that still look like the ocean as it was 500 years ago,” says Enric Sala, former professor at Scripps Institute of Oceanography. However, in most parts of the world, marine conservation is stymied by opposition from fishing, oil, and mining interests. A mere 7 percent of the world’s ocean has protection—mostly weak rules, and only 2.5 percent is highly protected. Outside of these zones, the ocean’s story is
a continuing failure.
A few remaining parts of the ocean are the last wild places of the sea—the marine equivalent of the remotest old-growth forest in the Amazon—still unaffected by overfishing, pollution and climate change. Enric is working with the National Geographic Society and together launched the Pristine Seas project in 2008. Over the past 14 years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine reserves, making up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected
marine areas—covering more than two million square miles in all.
Now Sala and his team have set an even more ambitious goal: to see more than a third of the world’s ocean conserved for the purpose not just of sustaining biodiversity but also of replenishing(补充)fish stocks and storing
carbon.
Pristine Seas worked with native Palauans(帕劳人)to give an ancient conservation tradition a modern change. For centuries, Palauans have used what they all “buls”, a Palauan word which means closure, to preserve and rebuild their reef fish stocks. Over the years they have created 35 reserves to protect marine life around their
islands, some of which ban fishing permanently.
Sala and his team calculate that a 14-fold expansion of the fully protected part of the ocean, from 2.5 percent to 35 percent, would provide 64 percent of the biodiversity benefits while increasing the global fish catch by almost 10 million metric tons. Even that may sound impossible, but the alternative is awful. For now, we still get to
choose.
33 ．What does the underlined word “stymied” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A ．Frustrated. B ．Supported.
C ．Accelerated. D ．Overestimated.
34 ．What situation does global ocean protection face
A ．Protecting the ocean influences mining most.
B ．Ocean protection has achieved great progress.
C ．Few oceans have been properly protected so far.
D ．Current rules have been enough for ocean protection.
35 ．What can we learn about the Pristine Seas project
A ．It has protected two-thirds of the world’s ocean.
B ．It sets unrealistic goals when protecting the ocean.
C ．It asks to prohibit fishing in the 35 created reserves.
D ．It has made some advances in maintaining biodiversity.
36 ．Where can we probably read this article
A ．www..
B ．www..
C ．www..
D ．www.eco-conservation.com.
10.（云南省昆明市师范大学附中 2023 年高三试题）
Even if you’re not familiar with Big Hero 6, a comic series and Disney movie, the robot Baymax might look familiar. A six-foot-two-inch tall, round, white, inflatable( 可充气 的)robot nurse, tasked with healthcare duties,
Baymax calmly cares for his patients, supports a middle-school student and even helps a cat. A great pal indeed!
While soft robots already exist, forming one that we would have in our homes, like Baymax, is another story. “There’re all kinds of things that need to come together,” says Alex Alspach, a roboticist at Toyota Research Institute, who also helped develop the movie version of Baymax. Building Baymax’s software—the smart, humanlike mind which gives personalized responses is complex. By comparison, constructing the body will
probably be simpler, Alspach suspects. Still, even that will come with challenges.
In the movie, whenever there is a hole, Baymax covers himself with tape or a Band-Aid. He can also inflate’ and deflate himself when he needs to, but it takes a long time. But the movie does not show the complex hardware that would be required to do this. An air compressor(压缩机)would be too heavy to carry. And while roboticists are
coming up with chemicals that could inflate soft robots quickly, it’s too early to use these techniques.
For soft robots, staying soft and lightweight would keep their parts from getting damaged, but when making a
life-sized robot, that will be difficult, since so many moving parts—such as motors, a battery pack, sensors and’ the
air Compressor—will pack on weight.
Heat is another hard nut to crack. This heat will come from the motors and other electronics. Anything covering the frame of a robot will trap heat. For a life-sized robot, more motors and more heat could cause it to
overheat and shut down or even catch on fire in some cases.
Will we see Baymax soon “There will be a lot of dumb robots before you get to something as smart as Baymax,” says Alspach. But most experts agree that big steps toward making Baymax will come soon. “I think kids will get to see that in their lifetime,” Alspach says, “I’m hoping I get to see it in my lifetime. I don’t think
we’re that far.”
37 ．Why does the author mention the movie Big Hero 6 in Paragraph 1
A ．To indicate that the movie has been a hit.
B ．To list the duties that a robot nurse will take.
C ．To introduce the topic of building soft robots.
D ．To present the research background and method.
38 ．What makes soft and lightweight robots difficult to build
A ．Air compressors and batteries get damaged easily.
B ．The requirements for the hardware are demanding.
C ．It takes long to produce the tapes or the Band-Aids.
D ．Inflating robots with chemicals will harm their motors.
39 ．What can be inferred from the text
A ．It is quite simple to build he robots’ hardware.
B ．Nothing delights kids more than having a robot in their homes.
C ．There is a long way to go before actual soft robots are created.
D ．Current technology is sufficient for building healthcare robots.
40 ．What is Alspach’s attitude towards the coming of soft robots
A ．Optimistic. B ．Indifferent. C ．Skeptical. D ．Critical.
11.（2023 年云南省保山市高三二模考试英语试题）
From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed the world since its launch in
late 2022. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota, US, according to CNN.
ChatGPT is a language model developed by US-based company OpenAI, which is designed to respond to human language in a way that sounds like a person. The model is based on the GPT-3.5 architecture and has been trained on a large corpus (语料库) of text data, including books, articles, and websites, using unsupervised (无人监
督的) learning techniques.
As a language model, ChatGPT can understand and respond to a wide range of questions and requests, making it an outstanding tool for many different applications. ChatGPT has been trained on a large dataset of text, which allows it to understand a wide range of topics. This means that it can assist with various tasks, involving answering
questions, providing information on different subjects, summarizing texts, and even generating writing prompts.
One of the best things about ChatGPT is that it’s always learning and improving. It uses advanced natural language processing algorithms (计算程序) to generate is responses, which means that it is constantly improving and getting better and better as it receives more data over time. This makes it an incredibly powerful tool that can help you learn, grow, and succeed in school and beyond. It’s a valuable resource that can help you achieve your academic goals, whether you need help with research, writing, or just want to chat. It’s like having a smart friend
who can help you with your homework or give you interesting ideas to write about.
But despite its advanced capabilities, ChatGPT is not wihout limitations. As with any AI technology,
ChatGPT has certain weaknesses and challenges that can impact its performance and accuracy.
41 ．Which of the following statements about ChatGPT is correct
A ．It could pass several law exams in various courses.
B ．It was designed by the GPT-3.5 architecture.
C ．It gave the world a hit the moment it was launched.
D ．It was designed to respond to human language in exactly the same manner as humans.
42 ．Who is the passage probably written for
A ．Students. B ．Professors. C ．Doctors. D ．Engineers.
43 ．What will be probably discussed next in the passage
A ．More information about AI technology. B ．The future applications of AI technology.
C ．Advanced capabilities of ChatGPT. D ．Limitations of ChatGPT.
44 ．What can be a suitable title of the passage
A ．ChatGPT has been a new trend B ．ChatGPT will be the future of AI technology
C ．ChatGPT has impressed the world D ．ChatGPT has both advantages and disadvantages
12.（江苏省 2023-2024 学年高三第一届“七夕杯”高中英语能力检测试题）
Humans are pretty unique among life on Earth. As far as we know, we’re the only living species to evolve the higher intelligence, wear clothes, cook our food, and even invent smartphones. But what if humans suddenly went extinct What other animals might evolve to have the smarts and skills to create large,complex societies as we
have
With modern genetic technology and our understanding of evolution, “we’re pretty good at making short-term predictions. “Martha Reiskind, an ecologist, told Live Science. For example, we can predict that if humans were to disappear tomorrow, climate change would continue to drive many species to adapt to drought. And species living
in cold areas would continue to struggle to live as well.
“A big thing will be the concept of convergence.” Dougal Dixon, a geologist, told Live Science Convergence is an evolutionary process by which two unrelated creatures develop similar features in order to succeed in a particular environment. For example, with their sleek (光滑的) bodies and fins, fish are suitable for living in water. However, dolphins have evolved a very similar body plan—and unlike fish, they are warm-blooded, air-breathing
animals with a totally different evolutionary background.
One feature that makes humans uniquely good at building is our skillful hands. In order to fill the same role as humans—that is, building cities and heavily modifying our environment—another species would need to develop a similar ability to control objects. Other primates ( 灵长 目动物), like chimpanzees. our closest living relatives,
already can make tools in the wild. It’s possible that if humans disappeared, they might replace us.
But any disaster terrible enough to destroy humans is also likely to destroy chimpanzees, which leaves another tool-using candidate to fill humans place: birds. Birds are very brainy. Some birds can use their feet to form wire into hooks. And trained African grey parrots can learn upwards of 100 words and do simple math, including
understanding the concept of zero. Birds can also gather in large groups, and some even build group nesting sites.
Of course, all of these are predictions. Scientists have said it’s almost impossible to truly predict how evolution will unfold. As we go further and further out, the prediction is less accurate. And it’s even more difficult
to predict whether another species will develop human-level intelligence, Some think that it could happen. Others,
however, are less optimistic because they don’t think nature will make mistakes twice.
45 ．Why does the author mention fish and dolphins in Para. 3
A ．To show how dolphins evolved
B ．To explain what convergence is.
C ．To show the advantage of the fish shape
D ．To explain the feature of animals living in water.
46 ．What do chimpanzees and some birds have in common
A ．The ability to make tools B ．The habit of group living
C ．The ability to do simple math D ．The close relationship with humans
47 ．Which animals might replace humans if a worst disaster happened
A ．Sea animals. B ．Chimpanzees
C ．Birds. D ．Dogs.
48 ．Which of the following best describes the future of other species filling the same role as humans
A ．Hopeless. B ．Challenging.
C ．Promising. D ．Uncertain.
13.（2023 年河北省唐山市开滦第二中学试卷）
It’s no secret that non-alcoholic beer tastes much worse than regular beer, but scientists in Denmark now claim
to have developed a way of making it taste just as satisfying.
What non-alcoholic beer lacks is the flavor from hops (啤酒花). When you remove the alcohol from the beer, for example by heating it up, you also kill the flavor that comes from hops. Other methods for making alcohol-free
beer also lead to poor flavor because alcohol is needed for hops to pass their unique flavor to the beer.
“After years of research, we have found a way to produce monoterpenoids (单萜), which provide the flavor, and then add them to the beer at the end of the process of making beer to give back its lost flavor. No one has been
able to do this before, so it’s a game changer for non-alcoholic beer,” the Danish professor added.
This method of artificially recreating the flavor of hops using monoterpenoids is currently being tested in factories producing across Denmark, and the plan is to have a plan ready for the country’s entire beer industry by
the end of October.
Although non-alcoholic beer has been growing in popularity at a very rapid pace, the new thing announced by Sotirios Kampranis and his team could have major meaning for the entire beer industry and our environment.
Growing hops is a very wasteful process, with one kilogram of hops requiring no less than 2.7 tons of water.
“With our method, we skip hops and the water and the transportation. This means that one kilogram of hops can be produced with more than 10,000 times less water and more than 100 times less CO2,” Kampranis said.
“When the monoterpenoids are released from yeast, we collect them and put them into the beer, giving back the
taste of regular beer that so many of us know and love.” he added.
49 ．What plays a key role in making beer
A ．Hops. B ．Water. C ．CO2. D ．Patience.
50 ．What can we learn about the new non-alcoholic beer
A ．It is the best beer in the market. B ．It has been produced in many countries.
C ．It has the same taste with the traditional beer. D ．It is very popular with the young in Denmark.
51 ．What does Kampranis think the new non-alcoholic beer
A ．It is a process filled with waste. B ．It is environmentally friendly.
C ．It needs better transportation. D ．It gets an unexpected response.
52 ．In which section can we read this text in a newspaper
A ．Sports. B ．Culture. C ．Education. D ．Technology.
14.（吉林省长春市长春外国语学校 2023 年高三试题）
Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just made of water anymore — it’s partly made of plastic.
Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth’s atmosphere and traveling across entire continents, according to a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on April 12. Another study, published in the journal Science in June 2020, has revealed that every year
more than 1,000 tons of the particles — equivalent to over 120 million plastic bottles — fall in rain.
Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are manufactured deliberately to provide abrasion in a host of products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according to the Daily Mail. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash synthetic clothing, tiny microfibers get flushed away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the
microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea, according to American magazine Wired.
Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei around which water vapor condenses to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions,
while the rest comes down as rain, according to the Daily Mail.
Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes,
their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic, reported Daily Mail. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “ We live on a ball inside a bubble,” microplastic researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathelyde, Scotland, told Wired. “There are no borders, there are no edges. It (plastic rain) is raining on the land and then getting blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else.
There’s no stopping it once it’s out.”
53 ．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A ．How microplastics are used widely.
B ．How microplastics come into being.
C ．How microplastics pollute water.
D ．How microplastics should be handled.
54 ．What do we know about microplastics
A ．They are light and can be easily dealt with.
B ．They result in both acid rain and plastic rain.
C ．They have nearly affected the whole food chain.
D ．They have a diameter of at least 5 millimeters.
55 ．What do Steve Allen’s words mean in the last paragraph
A ．Countries should work together to fight pollution.
B ．The atmosphere possesses the capacity to self-cleanse.
C ．It is important to remove microplastics somewhere else.
D ．No place is safe from microplastic pollution.
56 ．Which of the following can be the best title
A ．The sources and effects of microplastics.
B ．The difference between acid rain and plastic rain.
C ．The dangers of microplastics.
D ．The microplastics in food chain.
15.（黑龙江省肇州二中 2023 年高三试题）
Finding a mask which offers you a high protection level is crucial to filtering (过滤) out any particles for a long time. However, after a few hours, the mask becomes contaminated ( 污染) by the particles and you need to
replace it with a new one. See, you have to get a mask offering active protection in addition to passive filtration.
The first rule of a mask offering you any kind of protection is that it needs to fit well. The mask also needs to
be comfortable and allow you to breathe easily for you to be able to keep it on for as many hours as you need.
During long hours of wear, food and dirt may remain on the inside of your mask. All the hours spent in a place with less-than-ideal conditions for human health are wonderful news for bacteria that thrive on food particles and muck left behind on the inside of your mask. This growth opportunity for bacteria could not just be dangerous but could also cause a bad smell. So you’d better have a kind that kills off the smell-causing bacteria, leaving your
mask smelling fresh.
You should look for cloth masks that have multiple layers of breathable fabric that is tightly woven, include a robust (结实的) nose wire for you to adjust the mask to the shape of your face and prevent air escaping from around your nose, do not have gaps around the nose or sides of the face and that block out the light if you hold the mask up to a bright light source. It is good for the mask to come with your choice of either head straps or ear straps, both adjustable. It is also good if the mask has different sizes ranging from kids to adults to ensure everyone stays
protected.
57 ．What is most important about a mask according to the first paragraph
A ．Offering passive filtration.
B ．Offering active protection.
C ．Working for long hours.
D ．Filtering out all particles.
58 ．Why should a mask have a robust nose wire
A ．To shape your face.
B ．To block out the light.
C ．To offer different sizes ranging from kids to adults.
D ．For you to adjust the shape and prevent air escaping.
59 ．Which of the following can’t be adjusted
A ．The size. B ．The ear strap.
C ．The nose wire. D ．The head strap.
60 ．Whom is the passage intended for
A ．Kids. B ．Doctors.
C ．Citizens. D ．Mask makers.阅读理解（说明文）
1. （云南师范大学附属中学 2023 年高三试题）
Lately, it’s felt like technological change has entered an incredible panies like OpenAI and Google have unveiled new Artificial Intelligence systems with incredible capabilities, making what once seemed like science fiction an everyday reality. It’s an era that is raising big, existential questions for us all, about everything
from the future of human existence to the future of human work.
“Things are changing so fast,” says Erik Brynjolfsson, a leading, technology-focused economist based at Stanford University. As he notes, this new wave of technological change looks like it could be pretty different. Unlike before, experienced and skilled workers benefited mostly from AI technology. In this new wave, it’s the less experienced and less skilled workers who benefit the most. “And that might be helpful in terms of closing some of the inequality that previous technologies actually promoted,” Brynjolfsson says. So one benefit of intelligence machines is—maybe —they will improve the know-how and smarts of low performers, thereby reducing
inequality.
But it’s also possible that AI could lower the profit of the experienced, smart, or knowledgeable ones. AI could reduce inequality by bringing the bottom up, and it could also reduce inequality by bringing the top and
middle down.
Of course, as Erik put, it’s also possible that Al could end up increasing inequality even more. For one, it could make the Big AI companies, which own these powerful new systems, wildly rich. It could also empower business owners to replace more and more workers with intelligent machines. And it could kill jobs for all but the best of the best in various industries, who keep their jobs because maybe they’re superstars or because maybe they
have seniority.
The effects of AI, of course, are still very much being studied-and these systems are evolving fast — so this is just an assumption. This machine intelligence could upend much of the previous thinking on which kinds of jobs
will be affected by automation.
1 ．What do the underlined words “the know-how and smarts” mean in paragraph 2
A ．Experience and intelligence. B ．Skills and potential.
C ．Abilities and experience. D ．Outlook and talents.
2 ．Who will gain more in this new AI era
A ．The senior with high rank. B ．The new with little experience.
C ．The learned with great credit. D ．The poor with practical skills.
3 ．Which statement will Erik probably agree with
A ．The fast development of AI will promote the division of inequality.
B ．The best of all walks of life will survive the competition against AI systems.
C ．Giant AI companies will be the winner in the future world of new AI systems.
D ．Lower rank workers with little knowledge are bound to be abandoned by employers.
4 ．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A ．The Fast Growth of the World B ．The Influence of the Inequality
C ．The Impact of the AI System D ．The Future of the AI Generation
【答案】 1 ．A 2 ．B 3 ．C 4 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经济学家 Erik 就 OpenAI 等新兴人工智能公司所触发的新人工智能
对人类未来可能产生的影响的研究。
1 ．词义猜测题。根据第二段“In this new wave, it’s the less experienced and less skilled workers who benefit the most.” （在这股新浪潮中，经验不足、技术含量较低的工人受益最大。）可知，智能机器的一个益处就是提 升较低的工作表现者的经验和智力，从而推断出划线短语 the know-how and smarts在句中意为“经验和智
力” ，和 A 项“经验和智力”意思相同。故选 A 项。
2 ．细节理解题。根据第二段“In this new wave, it’s the less experienced and less skilled workers who benefit the most.” （在这股新浪潮中，经验不足、技术含量较低的工人受益最大。）可知，在新的人工智能时代受益最
多的是经验不足的新人。故选 B 项。
3 ．推理判断题。根据第四段“Of course, as Erik put, it’s also possible that Al could end up increasing inequality even more. For one, it could make the Big AI companies, which own these powerful new systems, wildly rich.”(当 然，正如 Erik 所说，人工智能最终也有可能进一步加剧不平等。首先，它可以让拥有这些强大新系统的大 型人工智能公司变得非常富有。）可知， Erik 赞同的观点是巨型人工智能公司将成为未来新人工智能系统世
界的赢家。故选 C 项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“So one benefit of intelligence machines is—maybe —they will improve the know-how
and smarts of low performers, thereby reducing inequality.” （因此，智能机器的一个好处是——也许——它们 将提高低绩效者的专业知识和智慧， 从而减少不平等。）及第三段“Of course, as Erik put, it’s also possible that Al could end up increasing inequality even more.” （当然，正如 Erik 所说，人工智能最终也有可能进一步加剧 不平等。）及最后一段“The effects of AI, of course, are still very much being studied-and these systems are evolving fast — so this is just an assumption.” （当然， 人工智能的影响仍在研究中， 这些系统正在快速发展——所以这 只是一个假设。）可知， 本文主要通过人工智能对工作者和加剧了社会不平等两个方面讲述了人工智能的影
响， C 项“人工智能的影响”符合题意。故选 C 项。
2.（2023-2024 学年湖南省名校大联考英语试题）
PFAS are found in nonstick pans, water-proof fabrics and food packaging. They're called forever chemicals because of their ability to stick around and not break down. Now, using a bit of heat and two relatively common
compounds, researchers have degraded(降解) the chemical in the lab.
While some scientists have found relatively simple ways of breaking down select PFAS,most degradation methods require harsh processes using intense pressure—in some cases over 22 mega-pascals—or extremely high
temperatures—sometimes upwards of 1,000℃ —to break the chemical bonds.
William Dichtel, from Northwestern University in Evanston, and his team experimented with two substances found in nearly every chemistry lab; sodium hydroxide(氢氧化钠),also known as lye, and a solvent(溶剂)called
DMSO. The team worked specifically on a group of forever chemicals which contain a large percentage of PFAS.
When the team combined chemicals with the lye and DMSO at 120℃ and with no extra pressure needed, the carbolic acid( 羧 酸 )fell off the chemicals and became carbon dioxide."What happened next was unexpected," Dichtel said. The loss of the acid helped degrade the chemicals into fluoride ions( 氟 离 子 )and smaller
carbon-containing products, leaving behind no harmful by-products.
"It's a neat method; it's different from others that have been tried," says Chris Sales, an environmental engineer at Drexel University in Philadelphia who was not involved in the study."The biggest question is how this could be
adapted and scaled up. Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals," Sales said.
This process wouldn't work to deal with PFAS in the environment, because it requires a concentrated amount of the chemicals, but it could one day be used in wastewater treatment plants, where the pollutants could be filtered
out of the water, concentrated and then broken down.
5. What can we learn about the previous ways to break down PFAS
A. They're eco-friendly. B. They've been widely used.
C. They're difficult to operate. D. They're regarded as useless.
6. What did the team do in their experiment
A. They experimented with different solvents.
B. They tried two very common substances.
C. They tested every group of forever chemicals,
D. They exposed chemicals to extreme temperatures.
7.What made the researchers most surprised in their experiment
A. Environmentally-friendly reactions occurred.
B. The carboxylic acid became carbon dioxide.
C. No extra pressure was needed for the trial.
D. The lye and DMSO could work at 120℃,
8. What can we infer from Chris Sales' words
A. It is difficult to deal with PFAS in the environment.
B. This mechanism will soon be used in the environment.
C. The method will be applied to different kinds of chemicals.
D More research is needed before the method is widely used.
【答案】5. C 6.B 7.A 8.D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国埃文斯顿西北大学的研究人员发现了一种新的方法来分解那些难以分解
的 PFAS。
5.C 。 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 中 的 “ …most degradation methods require harsh processes using intense pressure—in some cases over 22 megapascals—or extremely high temperatures—sometimes upwards of
1,000℃—to break the chemical bonds”可知，以前的那些分解方法需要高压高温，因此很难操作。
6.B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ … and his team experimented with two substances found in nearly every chemistry lab: sodium hydroxide(氢氧化钠),also known as lye, and a solvent(溶剂)called DMSO”可知，William
Dichtel 团队使用了两种很常见的物质。
7.A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘What happened next was unexpected,'Dichtel said. The loss of the acid helped degrade the chemicals into fluoride ions( 氟 离 子 )and smaller carbon-containing products, leaving behind no
harmful by-products.”可知，他们没预料到会有非常环保的化学反应发生。
8.D 。推理判 断题 。根据倒数第 二段 中 的 "'The biggest question is how this could be adapted and scaled
up.Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals,'Sales said.”可知， Chris Sales 认为
想要广泛地应用这个方法还需要很多研究。
3.（江西省宜丰中学 2023 年高三试题）
Some people say that the planet is getting smaller, that there are few places left to explore, and that the age of
exploration will be over soon.
I would argue instead that there has never been a greater need to explore. That’s because the stage for all exploration is the natural world, and nature is experiencing a rapid decline. It is by exploring that we understand and when we understand we develop an appreciation for what is found. Ultimately, only the things we appreciate
are worth protecting.
As the golden age of exploration weakens, so does the richness of life on Earth. It isn’t just that there are fewer blank areas on the map; it is that wild places and spaces have been progressively carved up ( 瓜分). Visiting the Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert, for example, no longer implies a self-supported expedition. Field stations pop
up in important national parks and remote sensing by satellite becomes commonplace.
In the next century, I believe we will need larger and wilder areas. We will need the wilderness, not just for the protection of it, but because it is an important part of the ecosystems from which we gain our necessities like clean water, food and materials. If we succeed, then expeditions — brief travels into the wild that seek to answer questions, monitor populations, and inspire action — will have a renewed sense of purpose. More importantly, they
greatly help the public experience, understand and appreciate nature.
Based on my own research expedition which aims to understand “edge effects” — how the changes in temperature at forest edges impact animals, I find it important that today’s scientists continue to spend time in the field. It is here that they begin to understand how seemingly unrelated environmental interactions influence their study system. Sometimes, it’s difficult to know which is important to measure until you stand out there on the
forest edge.
It is the young generation that is the main force to lead the next wave of expeditions. The measure of their success will be whether there are still well-preserved wild places for expeditions in the future. Their leadership is
needed now, more than ever.
9 ．What’s the purpose of this text
A ．To suggest understanding nature by keeping exploring.
B ．To advise people not to travel to unknown places.
C ．To inform us about the reduced biodiversity.
D ．To call on the public to support the study.
10 ．What can we know about the expedition in wild spaces from Paragraph 3
A ．It is difficult for explorers to make progress.
B ．It is more accessible with the help of technology.
C ．It promotes the development of satellite technology.
D ．It requires explorers to take sufficient heavy equipment.
11 ．What does the underlined part “popup” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A ．Appear unexpectedly. B ．Close temporarily.
C ．Develop quickly. D ．Differ greatly.
12 ．What does the author realize after his research expedition
A ．The significance of scientists’ field trip.
B ．The difficulty of carrying out fieldwork.
C ．The need to expand the edges of forests.
D ．The influence of his study on the environment.
【答案】9 ．A 10 ．B 11 ．A 12 ．A
【导语】本文是说明文，文章主要介绍了科学家实地探索来了解自然的重要性。通过探索，人们才能理解
并欣赏值得保护的东西。
9 ．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“I would argue instead that there has never been a greater need to
explore. That’s because the stage for all exploration is the natural world, and nature is experiencing a rapid decline.
It is by exploring that we understand and when we understand we develop an appreciation for what is found.
Ultimately, only the things we appreciate are worth protecting.(相反，我想说的是，从未有过更大的探索需求。 这是因为所有探索的舞台都是自然界，而自然界正在经历迅速的衰退。正是通过探索，我们理解了，当我 们理解了，我们就会对所发现的东西产生欣赏。最终，只有我们欣赏的东西才值得保护。 )”和第四段“If we
succeed, then expeditions — brief travels into the wild that seek to answer questions, monitor populations, and
inspire action — will have a renewed sense of purpose. More importantly, they greatly help the public experience,
understand and appreciate nature.(如果我们成功了， 那么探险队——短暂的野外旅行， 寻求回答问题、监测种 群并激励行动——将有新的目标感。更重要的是，它们极大地帮助公众体验、理解和欣赏自然。)”可推知，
文章的写作目的是建议通过不断探索来了解自然。故选 A。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Visiting the Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert, for example, no longer implies a self-supported expedition. Field stations pop up in important national parks and remote sensing by satellite becomes commonplace.(例如，访问奥卡万戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠，就不再意味着自力更生的探险。在重要的国家 公园里都会出现野外观测站， 利用卫星进行遥感也会变得很普遍。)”可推知， 在技术的帮助下， 野外探险更
加容易到达，故选 B。
11 ．词句猜测题。划线词组上文讲到“Visiting the Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert, for example, no longer
implies a self-supported expedition. (例如，参观奥卡万戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠，不再意味着自力更生的探 险。)”可知， 野外探险不再是自力更生的探险， 因此推断划线词组所在句子“Field stations pop up in important national parks and remote sensing by satellite becomes commonplace.” 的意思是：在重要的国家公园里出现了野 外观测站，卫星遥感变得司空见惯。说明在在技术的帮助下，野外探险容易了，可知第三段中带下划线的
部分的意思是“ 突然出现” ，故选 A。
12 ．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Based on my own research expedition which aims to understand “edge
effects” — how the changes in temperature at forest edges impact animals, I find it important that today’s scientists continue to spend time in the field. It is here that they begin to understand how seemingly unrelated environmental interactions influence their study system. Sometimes, it’s difficult to know which is important to measure until you stand out there cm the forest edge.(根据我自己的研究考察，目的是了解“边缘效应”——森林边缘温度的变化 如何影响动物，我发现今天的科学家继续花时间在这个领域是很重要的。正是在这里，他们开始理解看似 无关的环境相互作用如何影响他们的学习系统。有时候，在你站在森林边缘之前，很难知道哪个是重要的
测量值。 )”可推知，作者在研究探险之后意识到了科学家实地考察的意义。故选 A。
4.（2023 年湖南省娄底市名校联考信息卷）
In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon“, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter
Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make all the differences. ”It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,“ told Kenneth Golden, a U. S. mathematician who studies the structures of ice. ”It’s a much more
fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.“
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal(六边形的)structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer
the water, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important, As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 , is not new when it comes to ice-making.
However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant, like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2, doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as
a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
”We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way.“ told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the
2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
13 ．What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making
A ．The water isn’t able to freeze completely.
B ．The quality of the ice will be affected.
C ．The ice surface will be more consistent.
D ．It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice.
14 ．Why has CO2 cooling technology been applied for the Winter Olympic Games
A ．It’s the most advanced technology for ice-making.
B ．CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants.
C ．CO2 is more environmentally friendly than Freon.
D ．CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere.
15 ．What is Gao Bo’s attitude to CO2 being applied to ice-making
A ．Unclear. B ．Opposed. C ．Doubtful. D ．Favorable.
16 ．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A ．The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Are Coming
B ．Beneath Olympic Ice
C ．The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games
D ．The Structure of Ice
【答案】 13 ．B 14 ．C 15 ．D 16 ．B
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了北京冬奥会在制冰的原料和技术上的精益求精，既要保证冰的纯净又
要保证其环保。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water, the more consistent the ice surface.(这种杂质不适合于水结冰时 形成的常规六边形结构。水越纯净， 冰面越稳定。)”可知， 这些杂质不适合水结冰时形成的规则的六边形结
构。水越纯净，冰面就越坚固，即水中的杂质会使冰的质量受到影响。故选 B。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“As an element of the atmosphere, CO2 doesn’t damage the ozone
layer. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly(作为大气中的一种元素， 二氧化碳不会破坏臭氧层。尽管二氧化碳是一种温 室气体，但其温室效应远低于其他合成制冷剂，冬奥会场馆在制冰过程中采用二氧化碳代替氟利昂作为制 冷剂， 将大大减少二氧化碳的排放。)”可知， 二氧化碳冷却技术被应用于冬奥会是因为二氧化碳比氟利昂更
环保。故选 C。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to
spectators all over the world in a more impressive way(我们认为这些技术创新将以一种更令人印象深刻的方式 将北京 2022 年冬奥会带给全世界的观众。)” 可知， 高博认为这些技术创新将以一种更令人印象深刻的方式
将北京 2022 年冬奥会带给全世界的观众。由此可推断，高博对二氧化碳用于制冰持支持态度。故选 D。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章第一段“In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon” ，a
landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.(2021 年 1 月，北京冬奥会标志性场馆“冰丝带” 的制冰工程竣工。)”可知， 本文主要介绍的是北京冬奥会的冰及在制冰的原料和技术上的高标准， 故 Beneath
Olympic Ice(奥运会冰的秘密)适合作本文的标题。故选 B。
5. （广东省深圳市罗湖区部分学校 2023-2024 学年高三试题）
Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late - that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a
side effect of your personality traits, scientists have found.
So what is it that causes some people to constantly miss trains, make it to the wedding just after the bride’s shown up and regularly annoy their friends And why is it so hard for us to fix it “There are all sorts of punishments for being late, and the paradox is that we are late even when those punishments and consequences
exist.” said Justin Kruger, a social psychologist at New York University.
One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that they fail to accurately judge how long a
task will take - something known as the planning fallacy( 谬 误). Research has shown that people on average
underestimate the time to complete a task by a significant 40 percent.
Another trait is that forever -late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers. In a 2003 study run by Jeff Conte from San Diego State University found that out of 181 subway operators in New York City, those who preferred multitasking were more often late for their job. This is because multitasking makes it harder to have the awareness of what you’re doing. Conte also discovered there is a personality type that’s more likely to be late. While highly strung(紧张不安), achievement-oriented Type A individuals are more possible to be punctual. Type B individuals,
however, who are more laid-back(漫不经心), have a higher chance to be late.
Admittedly, knowing all of this doesn’t necessarily help fix the problem. But scientists are starting to work on strategies that can slowly improve our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down an activity into detailed steps can help people estimate how long something will take more accurately. As for your personality type, unfortunately, there isn’t much you can do to change that. But accepting that you need to struggle
for it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first step to change.
17 ．What does the underlined word “paradox” mean in paragraph 2
A ．Strategy. B ．Argument. C ．Solution. D ．Puzzle.
18 ．What is a possible feature of forever-late-comers
A ．They plan to spend more time on a task.
B ．They tackle more than one task at a time.
C ．They suffer from concentration difficulties.
D ．They have high expectations for achievements.
19 ．Which advice can be given to people who are always late
A ．Learn to accept who you are. B ．Change your personality type.
C ．Divide a task into smaller ones. D ．Keep to the timetable accurately.
20 ．What is the main idea of the text
A ．Time management contributes to success.
B ．Late comers should be severely punished.
C ．One’s always being late is linked to personality.
D ．Changing personality helps improve punctuality.
【答案】 17 ．D 18 ．B 19 ．C 20 ．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了迟到的原因可能能与性格特征相关，并提出了一些相应的策
略。
17．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线词 paradox 前文的内容“There are all sorts of punishments for being late(对 于迟到， 有各种各样的惩罚)”和后文的内容“we are late even when those punishments and consequences exist.(即 使存在惩罚和后果， 我们仍然会迟到)”可知， 前文提出迟到了会有相应的惩罚， 后文提出即使受到惩罚， 但 我们还是会迟到，故此处的划线词与 D 项“令人费解的事、难题”意思相近，迟到了会受到惩罚，令人费解
的就是即使有惩罚，我们仍然会迟到，故选 D。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Another trait is that forever -late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers.(永 远迟到的人的另一个特点可能是多重任务的)”可知， 永远迟到的人的特点可能是一次要处理很多任务， 是多
重任务的，故选 B。
19 ．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But scientists are starting to work on strategies that can slowly improve our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down an activity into detailed steps can help people estimate how long something will take more accurately.(对于那些经常低估任务的人来说， 将一项任务分 解成详细的步骤可以帮助人们准确地估计这项任务花的时间。)”可知， 对于那些经常迟到的人， 他们可以将
任务分解成一些小任务，从而更好的估计任务所花费的时间，故选 C。
20 ．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late - that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect of your personality traits, scientists have found.(任何人都可能迟到 几次，但要成为一个总是迟到的人，这是一门艺术， 一门令人沮丧的艺术。或者，科学家发现，这是你性 格特征点副作用。 )”以及后文对迟到人的特征的分析可知，本文主要介绍迟到可能是与性格相关的，故选
C。
6.（广东省深圳市罗湖区部分学校 2023-2024 学年高三试题）
Next time you’re having trouble solving a tricky puzzle, consider asking a nearby bumblebee.
A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that bumblebees can learn certain behaviors from each other,
suggesting these social insects have a capacity for what we humans call “culture.”
In the past couple of decades, a growing body of evidence has shown that animals like chimps and birds show behaviors of learning. If what they learn lasts for a long time, it turns into a tradition. And culture is made up of multiple traditions. “Bumblebees, though, have some of the most complex behavioral abilities, nobody’s really thought to look at culture in such insects and generally assume they’re mostly driven by inborn factors instead,”
says Alice Bridges, a behavioral ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England.
To prove them wrong, Bridges built a puzzle box, whose base held the reward: a drop of super sweet sugar
water. The box was designed with a rotating (旋转) top that can be rotated by pushing either on a red tab clockwise or a blue tab anti-clockwise. Some bees were trained to push the red tab to get the sugar water while others pushed
the blue one. Then, these tutor bees were placed inside different colonies (蜂群), along with the puzzle boxes.
The experiment ultimately played itself out. In colonies where the tutor bee had originally learned to push the red tab, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red tab. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push the blue tab, their fellow bees also tended to do the same. In contrast, in the control groups without tutors, the bees sometimes learned how to open the boxes, but most of them would do it once or twice and then never again. “They
perhaps hadn’t quite made the link between their behavior and the reward,” Bridges supposes.
“Many of us consider ourselves to be rather special…because we have culture, we can learn and we’re social,” Bridges says. “But now it turns out that even the bee also has culture, which is an uncomfortable truth: human culture, once thought unique, does not emerge ‘out of the blue’ but has obviously built on deep evolutionary
foundations.
21 ．What is people’s common attitude to bumblebees having culture
A ．Positive. B ．Indifferent. C ．Interested. D ．Doubtful.
22 ．Why does Bridges place trained bees inside different colonies
A ．To test their learning capability in new settings.
B ．To see if they will spread the secret of the boxes.
C ．To evaluate their ruling power in various groups.
D ．To observe if they will share their food with peers.
23 ．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the study
A ．Its appeal to the public. B ．Implications on cultural origins.
C ．Its practical application. D ．Suggestions for future directions.
24 ．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A ．Human Culture Is Losing Its Uniqueness
B ．Bee’s Behavior Builds on Biological Factors
C ．Culture May Be Present Among Bumblebees
D ．Animals’ Evolution May Start From Colonies
【答案】21 ．D 22 ．B 23 ．B 24 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究发现大黄蜂具有人类所说的文化的能力。
20．推理判断题。根据第三段““Bumblebees, though, have some of the most complex behavioral abilities, nobody’s
really thought to look at culture in such insects and generally assume they’re mostly driven by inborn factors
instead,” says Alice Bridges, a behavioral ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England. (英国 Anglia Ruskin 大学的行为生态学家 Alice Bridges 说：“尽管大黄蜂有一些最复杂的行为能力，但没有人真正考虑过这种昆 虫的文化，通常认为它们主要是由先天因素驱动的。 ”)”可知，人们通常认为大黄蜂的文化是由先天因素驱
动的，对大黄蜂具有文化持有怀疑的态度。故选 D。
21 ．推理判断题。根据第五段“The experiment ultimately played itself out. In colonies where the tutor bee had
originally learned to push the red tab, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red tab. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push the blue tab, their fellow bees also tended to do the same. (实验最终成功了。在辅导 蜂最初学会按下红色标签的蜂群中，蜂群中的其他蜜蜂通常会按下红色标签。在辅导蜂被训练按下蓝色标 签的蜂群， 它们的同伴也倾向于这样做)”可推知， 布里奇斯把经过训练的蜜蜂放在不同的蜂群里， 是为了观
察蜜蜂是否会传播盒子里的秘密，将自己的行为传播给同伴。故选 B。
22．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But now it turns out that even the bee also has culture, which is an uncomfortable
truth: human culture, once thought unique, does not emerge ‘out of the blue’ but has obviously built on deep
evolutionary foundations. (但现在事实证明，即使是蜜蜂也有文化，这是一个令人不安的事实：人类文化，曾 经被认为是独一无二的， 并不是‘ 突然’出现的， 而是显然建立在深厚的进化基础上的)”可知， 本段主要介绍 了曾经被认为是独一无二的文化并不是突然出现，而是逐渐进化而来的，本段主要谈论了这项研究对于文
化起源的影响。故选 B。
24 ．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that bumblebees can learn certain
behaviors from each other, suggesting these social insects have a capacity for what we humans call “culture.”
(PLOS Biology 杂志上的一项新研究发现， 大黄蜂可以相互学习某些行为， 这表明这些群居昆虫具有我们人 类所说的“文化” 的能力)”以及文章内容可知， 本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现大黄蜂具有人类所说的文化
的能力，所以“文化可能存在于大黄蜂中”可以作为文章标题。故选 C。
7.（2023 届四川省高考英语模拟卷）
It’s becoming increasingly vital for individuals to cultivate strong critical thinking skills. Critical thinking involves analyzing information and evidence in a clear, logical, and unbiased way. It’s the ability to ask relevant
questions, evaluate information, and come to well-reasoned conclusions.
One of the key benefits of critical thinking is that it can help us make better decisions. By analyzing
information carefully, we can avoid making hasty or impulsive decisions that we may later regret. Instead, we can
make well-informed choices that are backed by evidence and logical reasoning.
Critical thinking is also essential for academic success. College and university courses require students to read and analyze texts, synthesize information from different sources, and present evidence-based arguments. Without the ability to think critically, students may struggle to excel in their coursework and may be unable to engage in
meaningful debates and discussions.
Moreover, strong critical thinking skills are necessary for success in the workplace. Many employers look for individuals who can provide well-reasoned solutions to complex problems, think creatively, and make sound judgments. Critical thinking skills enable us to consider various options and outcomes and weigh the pros and cons
of each before arriving at a decision.
Finally, critical thinking is crucial for participation in civic life and democracy. Informed citizens need to be able to evaluate information from different sources and decide which sources are reliable. They need to be able to question assumptions, separate fact from opinion, and make well-reasoned decisions when voting or participating in
public debate.
Critical-thinking skills are essential for success in many areas of life. They enable us to make better decisions, excel academically and professionally, and participate effectively in civic life. Therefore, it’s important for
individuals to cultivate and develop these skills throughout their lives.
25 ．Why are strong critical thinking skills essential for academic success
A ．Because academic courses require students to memorize information from different sources.
B ．Because academic courses require students to engage in debates and discussions.
C．Because academic courses require students to analyze and synthesize information from different sources and
present evidence-based arguments.
D ．Because academic courses require students to avoid learning from different sources.
26 ．Why are critical thinking skills necessary for success in office
A ．Because employers need individuals who supply evidence and reasoning to arrive at conclusions.
B ．Because employers look for individuals who can’t provide well-reasoned solutions to complex problems.
C ．Because employers want individuals who can make right and impulsive decisions.
D ．Because employers try to gain individuals who provide reasoned solutions to problems, think creatively,
and so forth.
27 ．Why is critical thinking crucial for participation in civic life and democracy
A ．Because it’s dispensable for informed citizens to evaluate information from different sources.
B ．Because informed citizens need become capable of question-assumptions, separate fact from opinion, etc.
C ．Because civic life and democracy do require individuals to be informed in advance.
D ．Because informed citizens neglect evidence and proof when participating in public debate.
28 ．What’s the best title for this passage
A ．The Importance of Exercise for Academic Success
B ．The Power of Positive Thinking for Workplace Success
C ．The Significance of Critical Thinking Skills
D ．The Art of Persuasion in Civic Life
【答案】25 ．C 26 ．D 27 ．B 28 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了批判性思维能力在生活的许多领域的重要性。
25 ．细节理解题。根据第三段中“College and university courses require students to read and analyze texts,
synthesize information from different sources, and present evidence-based arguments.(学院和大学课程要求学生 阅读和分析文本， 综合不同来源的信息， 并提出基于证据的论点。)”可知， 强大的批判性思维能力对学术成 功至关重要的原因是因为学术课程要求学生分析和综合来自不同来源的信息，并提出基于证据的论点。故
选 C 项。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Many employers look for individuals who can provide well-reasoned solutions to complex problems, think creatively, and make sound judgments.(许多雇主都在寻找能够为复杂问题提供合理解 决方案、创造性思维和做出正确判断的人。)”可知， 批判性思维技能是办公室成功的必要条件的原因是因为
雇主想要的是那些能为问题提供合理的解决方案、创造性思维的人。故选 D 项。
27 ．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Informed citizens need to be able to evaluate information from different
sources and decide which sources are reliable. They need to be able to question assumptions, separate fact from
opinion, and make well-reasoned decisions when voting or participating in public debate.(知情的公民需要能够评 估来自不同来源的信息，并决定哪些来源是可靠的。他们需要能够质疑假设，区分事实和观点，并在投票 或参与公共辩论时做出合理的决定。)”可知， 批判性思维对参与公民生活和民主至关重要的原因是因为知情
的公民需要具备质疑假设、区分事实和观点等能力。故选 B 项。
28．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Critical-thinking skills are essential for success in many areas of life. They enable
us to make better decisions, excel academically and professionally, and participate effectively in civic life.
Therefore, it’s important for individuals to cultivate and develop these skills throughout their lives.(批判性思维能
力在生活的许多领域都是成功的关键。它们使我们能够做出更好的决定，在学术和专业上脱颖而出，并有 效地参与公民生活。因此， 对个人来说， 在一生中培养和发展这些技能是很重要的。)”以及全文可知， 文章 主要介绍了批判性思维能力在生活的许多领域的重要性。C 项“批判性思维技能的重要性”符合题意。故选 C
项。
8.（贵州省贵阳市 2023-2024 学年高三试题）
The term “oniomania”, which is used to describe people with obsessive (强迫性的), problematic shopping and spending behaviors, consists of the Greek words “onios”, meaning “for sale”, and “mania”. Also known as Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD) and Impulsive Compulsive Buying Disorder (ICBD), oniomania can leave
negative impact on your financial health and mental wellbeing if left untreated.
At this point you might be wondering: “What’s the difference between an oniomaniac and someone who likes to shop perhaps a bit too much ” We tend to believe that the two are rather similar. Clinically ( 从 临床上看),
however, they are quite easy to separate.
Although people who like shopping will return an item if they do not like it and start budgeting if they run low on money, people suffering from oniomania are no longer able to make reasonable, let alone financially responsible, decisions. They sometimes emotionally dissociate from what they are doing, making their purchases while they are not really sure what to buy. Spending relieves feelings of anxiety and depression, but only temporarily. In a short time, they might become moody, annoyed, and depressed, and their confidence declines
sharply.
To a certain extent, spending makes everyone feel good. In 2007, a group of researchers from MIT, Stanford and Carnegie Mellon looked at the brains of American consumers via MRI technology and found that when they purchased desirable objects, their nucleus accumbens — the brain’s pleasure center — would light up, indicating a positive stimulation. This stimulation can take on different forms. For instance, some people get particularly excited when they believe they have gotten a good deal. This, researchers say, is the result of the prefrontal cortex — the decision-making part of our brain — interacting with the insula, the part of our brain that processes pain. According to psychotherapist Joyce Marter, compulsive buyers in the U. S. make an average of 156 impulsive purchases per year. Each purchase sets them back around $81. 75, making for a grand total of $5, 400 per year and a thorough shocking $324, 000 per lifetime. That money could have been invested in a home, an education, or other products that you actually need in order to survive and thrive in the world. Ultimately, though, treating oniomania is about
much more than just protecting your finances from your own impulses — it’s also about maintaining your personal
mental health and improving your relationships with others.
29 ．What do we know about oniomania
A ．It is a normal behavior.
B ．It influences people’s health.
C ．It means people who like shopping.
D ．It describes people’s difference.
30 ．What does the underlined phrase “run low on” probably mean
A ．run out of
B ．go short of
C ．look down on
D ．become rich in
31 ．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about
A ．Why many researchers take part in the study.
B ．How everyone makes a wise decision.
C ．How desirable objects are well welcome.
D ．Why shopping makes common people happy.
32 ．What is the benefit of treating oniomania
A ．It is beneficial to education.
B ．It develops our desires.
C ．It keeps our mind healthy.
D ．It is harmful to relationships.
【答案】29 ．B 30 ．B 31 ．D 32 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“oniomania”（购物成瘾）的概念和特点，与普通购物爱好者的区 别，以及购物对人们大脑的刺激和对财务和心理健康的影响。文章最后强调了治疗购物成瘾的重要性，不
仅是为了保护个人财务，更是为了维护个人心理健康和改善人际关系。
28 ．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Also known as Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD) and Impulsive Compulsive Buying Disorder (ICBD), oniomania can leave negative impact on your financial health and mental wellbeing if left untreated.(也被称为强迫性购物障碍（CBD）和冲动性强迫性购物障碍（ICBD），如果不接受治疗，购物成
瘾可能会对您的财务健康和心理健康产生负面影响。)”可知，oniomania (强迫购物症)可能会影响人们的健康。
故选 B。
29．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Although people who like shopping will return an item if they do not like it(尽管喜欢购物的人会在不喜欢商品时退货， )”以及“start budgeting (开始做预算)”可知， 此处构成并列结构， 强调非强迫性购物者尽管喜欢购物，但是他们会在不喜欢商品时退货，并在资金短缺时开始预算。故划线
词与 B 选项为同义词，意为“短缺” 。故选 B。
30．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“In 2007, a group of researchers from MIT, Stanford and Camegie Mellon looked
at the brains of American consumers via MRI technology and found that when they purchased desirable objects,
their nucleus accumbens — the brain’s pleasure center — would light up, indicating a positive stimulation. (2007
年，来自麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学和卡梅吉 ·梅隆大学的一组研究人员通过核磁共振成像技术对美国消费 者的大脑进行了研究，发现当他们购买想要的物品时，他们的伏隔核——大脑的快乐中心——会亮起，表 明有积极的刺激。 )”可知，本段主要介绍了一个科学发现即在 2007 年，研究人员发现当美国消费者购买令 人向往的物品时，他们的伏隔核——大脑的快乐中心——会被激活，表明有积极的刺激，即解释了为什么 普通人在购物的时候会感觉到快乐：是因为购物时，他们的伏隔核——大脑的快乐中心——会被激活。故
选 D。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ultimately, though, treating oniomania is about much more than just protecting
your finances from your own impulses — it’s also about maintaining your personal mental health and improving
your relationships with others.(然而， 治疗购物狂并不仅仅是保护自己的财务免受自己的冲动影响， 它还涉及
维护个人心理健康和改善与他人的关系。 )”可知，治疗购物成瘾使我们的头脑保持健康。故选 C。
9.（云南省昆明市师范大学附属中学 2023 年高三试题）
“It is necessary for us to go to places that still look like the ocean as it was 500 years ago,” says Enric Sala, former professor at Scripps Institute of Oceanography. However, in most parts of the world, marine conservation is stymied by opposition from fishing, oil, and mining interests. A mere 7 percent of the world’s ocean has protection—mostly weak rules, and only 2.5 percent is highly protected. Outside of these zones, the ocean’s story is
a continuing failure.
A few remaining parts of the ocean are the last wild places of the sea—the marine equivalent of the remotest old-growth forest in the Amazon—still unaffected by overfishing, pollution and climate change. Enric is working with the National Geographic Society and together launched the Pristine Seas project in 2008. Over the past 14 years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine reserves, making up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected
marine areas—covering more than two million square miles in all.
Now Sala and his team have set an even more ambitious goal: to see more than a third of the world’s ocean conserved for the purpose not just of sustaining biodiversity but also of replenishing( 补充)fish stocks and storing
carbon.
Pristine Seas worked with native Palauans(帕劳人)to give an ancient conservation tradition a modern change. For centuries, Palauans have used what they all “buls”, a Palauan word which means closure, to preserve and rebuild their reef fish stocks. Over the years they have created 35 reserves to protect marine life around their
islands, some of which ban fishing permanently.
Sala and his team calculate that a 14-fold expansion of the fully protected part of the ocean, from 2.5 percent to 35 percent, would provide 64 percent of the biodiversity benefits while increasing the global fish catch by almost 10 million metric tons. Even that may sound impossible, but the alternative is awful. For now, we still get to
choose.
33 ．What does the underlined word “stymied” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A ．Frustrated. B ．Supported.
C ．Accelerated. D ．Overestimated.
34 ．What situation does global ocean protection face
A ．Protecting the ocean influences mining most.
B ．Ocean protection has achieved great progress.
C ．Few oceans have been properly protected so far.
D ．Current rules have been enough for ocean protection.
35 ．What can we learn about the Pristine Seas project
A ．It has protected two-thirds of the world’s ocean.
B ．It sets unrealistic goals when protecting the ocean.
C ．It asks to prohibit fishing in the 35 created reserves.
D ．It has made some advances in maintaining biodiversity.
36 ．Where can we probably read this article
A ．www..
B ．www..
C ．www..
D ．www.eco-conservation.com.
【答案】33 ．A 34 ．C 35 ．D 36 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个旨在保护世界海洋的项目——原始海洋。
33 ．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句句首的“however”可知，所在句和上一句有转折关系。上一句““It is
necessary for us to go to places that still look like the ocean as it was 500 years ago,” says Enric Sala, former
professor at Scripps Institute of Oceanography.(斯克里普斯海洋学研究所前教授 Enric Sala 说： “我们有必要去 那些看起来像500 年前海洋的地方。 ”)”指的是Enric 教授认为我们应该去那些看起来像500 年前海洋的地方。 而所在句下一句“A mere 7 percent of the world’s ocean has protection—mostly weak rules, and only 2.5 percent is
highly protected.(世界上只有 7%的海洋受到保护，而且大多是薄弱的法规，只有 2.5%的海洋受到高度保
护。)”则告诉我们世界上受到保护的海洋很少。由此可推断， 划线单词指的是海洋保护遭到渔业、石油和采 矿利益集团的“反对或抵制” 。选项 A“Frustrated(挫败)”；选项 B“Supported(支持)”；选项 C“Accelerated (加
速)”；选项 D“Overestimated (过高估计)”。故选 A。
34．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A mere 7 percent of the world’s ocean has protection—mostly weak rules, and only 2.5 percent is highly protected. Outside of these zones, the ocean’s story is a continuing failure.(世界上只有 7%的海洋受到保护， 而且大多是薄弱的法规， 只有 2.5%的海洋受到高度保护。在这些区域之外， 海洋的故
事是一个持续的失败。 )”可知，目前只有很少的海洋得到了保护。故选 C。
35 ．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Enric is working with the National Geographic Society and together launched the Pristine Seas project in 2008. Over the past 14 years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine reserves, making
up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected marine areas—covering more than two million square miles in
all.( Enric 正与国家地理学会合作， 并于 2008 年共同启动了“原始海洋”项目。在过去的 14 年里， “原始海洋” 帮助建立了 28 个海洋保护区，占世界完全受保护海洋区域的三分之二，总面积超过 200 万平方英里。 )”以 及文章第三段“Now Sala and his team have set an even more ambitious goal: to see more than a third of the world’s
ocean conserved for the purpose not just of sustaining biodiversity but also of replenishing(补充)fish stocks and
storing carbon.(现在， Sala 和他的团队制定了一个更加雄心勃勃的目标：保护世界上三分之一以上的海洋， 不仅是为了维持生物多样性， 也是为了补充鱼类资源和储存碳。)”可知， “原始海洋”在维持生物多样性方面
取得了一些进展。故选 D。
36 ．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Enric is working with the National Geographic Society and together launched the Pristine Seas project in 2008. Over the past 14 years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine reserves, making
up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected marine areas—covering more than two million square miles in
all.( Enric 正与国家地理学会合作， 并于 2008 年共同启动了“原始海洋”项目。在过去的 14 年里， “原始海洋”
帮助建立了 28 个海洋保护区，占世界完全受保护海洋区域的三分之二，总面积超过 200 万平方英里。 )”以 及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍的是关于保护海洋，维持生物多样性等生态保护方面的内容，所以读者可
以在与生态保护有关的 www. eco-conservation. com. 网站读到本文。故选 D。
10.（云南省昆明市师范大学附中 2023 年高三试题）
Even if you’re not familiar with Big Hero 6, a comic series and Disney movie, the robot Baymax might look familiar. A six-foot-two-inch tall, round, white, inflatable( 可充气 的)robot nurse, tasked with healthcare duties,
Baymax calmly cares for his patients, supports a middle-school student and even helps a cat. A great pal indeed!
While soft robots already exist, forming one that we would have in our homes, like Baymax, is another story. “There’re all kinds of things that need to come together,” says Alex Alspach, a roboticist at Toyota Research Institute, who also helped develop the movie version of Baymax. Building Baymax’s software—the smart, humanlike mind which gives personalized responses is complex. By comparison, constructing the body will
probably be simpler, Alspach suspects. Still, even that will come with challenges.
In the movie, whenever there is a hole, Baymax covers himself with tape or a Band-Aid. He can also inflate’ and deflate himself when he needs to, but it takes a long time. But the movie does not show the complex hardware that would be required to do this. An air compressor(压缩机)would be too heavy to carry. And while roboticists are
coming up with chemicals that could inflate soft robots quickly, it’s too early to use these techniques.
For soft robots, staying soft and lightweight would keep their parts from getting damaged, but when making a life-sized robot, that will be difficult, since so many moving parts—such as motors, a battery pack, sensors and’ the
air Compressor—will pack on weight.
Heat is another hard nut to crack. This heat will come from the motors and other electronics. Anything covering the frame of a robot will trap heat. For a life-sized robot, more motors and more heat could cause it to
overheat and shut down or even catch on fire in some cases.
Will we see Baymax soon “There will be a lot of dumb robots before you get to something as smart as Baymax,” says Alspach. But most experts agree that big steps toward making Baymax will come soon. “I think kids will get to see that in their lifetime,” Alspach says, “I’m hoping I get to see it in my lifetime. I don’t think
we’re that far.”
37 ．Why does the author mention the movie Big Hero 6 in Paragraph 1
A ．To indicate that the movie has been a hit.
B ．To list the duties that a robot nurse will take.
C ．To introduce the topic of building soft robots.
D ．To present the research background and method.
38 ．What makes soft and lightweight robots difficult to build
A ．Air compressors and batteries get damaged easily.
B ．The requirements for the hardware are demanding.
C ．It takes long to produce the tapes or the Band-Aids.
D ．Inflating robots with chemicals will harm their motors.
39 ．What can be inferred from the text
A ．It is quite simple to build he robots’ hardware.
B ．Nothing delights kids more than having a robot in their homes.
C ．There is a long way to go before actual soft robots are created.
D ．Current technology is sufficient for building healthcare robots.
40 ．What is Alspach’s attitude towards the coming of soft robots
A ．Optimistic. B ．Indifferent. C ．Skeptical. D ．Critical.
【答案】37 ．C 38 ．B 39 ．C 40 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了软体机器人的开发所遇到的困难以及发展的前景。
36 ．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Even if you’re not familiar with Big Hero 6, a comic series and Disney
movie, the robot Baymax might look-familiar. A six-foot-two-inch tall, round, white, inflatable(可充气的)robot
nurse, tasked with healthcare duties, Baymax calmly cares for his patients, supports a middle-school student and
even helps a cat. A great pal indeed!(即使你不熟悉漫画系列和迪士尼电影《超能陆战队》，机器人大白也可能 看起来很熟悉。大白是一个身高 6 英尺 2 英寸、圆滚滚、白色的充气机器人护士，肩负着医疗保健的职责， 他平静地照顾病人， 支持一名中学生， 甚至帮助一只猫。真是个好朋友!)”以及第二段“While soft robots already exist, forming one that we would have in our homes, like Baymax, is another story.(虽然软体机器人已经存在， 但 打造一个像大白那样的家用机器人， 则是另一回事。)”可知， 第一段提到机器人大白的目的是为了引出本段
的主题内容，即：打造软体机器人。故选 C。
37 ．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He can also inflate’ and deflate himself when he needs to, but it takes a long
time. But the movie does not show the complex hardware that would be required to do this. An air compressor(压
缩机)would be too heavy to carry. And while roboticists are coming up with chemicals that could inflate soft robots
quickly, it’s too early to use these techniques.(他也可以在需要的时候给自己充气和放气，但这需要很长时间。
但这部电影并没有展示完成这一任务所需的复杂硬件。空气压缩机太重，无法携带。虽然机器人专家正在 研究可以让软机器人快速膨胀的化学物质，但现在使用这些技术还为时过早。 )”、第四段“For soft robots, staying soft and lightweight would keep their parts from getting damaged, but when making a life-sized robot, that
will be difficult, since so many moving parts—such as motors, a battery pack, sensors and’ the air
Compressor—will pack on weight.(对于软体机器人来说，保持柔软和轻量化可以防止它们的部件被损坏，但 是当制造一个真人大小的机器人时，这将是困难的，因为如此多的运动部件—— 比如马达、电池组、传感 器和空气压缩机——会增加重量。)”以及第五段“Heat is another hard nut to crack.(热是另一个棘手的问题。)”
可知，软体轻便机器人难以制造的原因是其对硬件的要求较高。故选 B。
38．推理判断题。根据文章第二段““There’re all kinds of things that need to come together,” says Alex Alspach, a roboticist at Toyota Research Institute, who also helped develop the movie version of Baymax. Building Baymax’s software—the smart, humanlike mind which gives personalized responses is complex. By comparison, constructing the body will probably be simpler, Alspach suspects. Still, even that will come with challenges.(他说：“有各种各样 的东西需要整合在一起。 ”打造大白的软件——一种能给出个性化回应的智能、类似人类的大脑——是一件 复杂的事情。相比之下，构造身体可能会更简单， Alspach 怀疑。不过，即便如此，也将面临挑战。 )”以及
下文内容可知，在真正的软体机器人被创造出来之前还有很多问题待解决。故选 C。
40．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““I think kids will get to see that in their lifetime,” Alspach says, “I’m hoping I get to see it in my lifetime. I don’t think we’re that far.”(Alspach 说： “我认为孩子们会在他们的有生之年看到 它， 我希望我能在有生之年看到它。我不认为我们还要走那么远。 ”)”可知， Alspach 对于软体机器人的制作
抱有积极的态度，他认为孩子们在有生之年会看到真正的软体机器人。故选 A。
11.（2023 年云南省保山市高三二模考试英语试题）
From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed the world since its launch in
late 2022. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota, US, according to CNN.
ChatGPT is a language model developed by US-based company OpenAI, which is designed to respond to human language in a way that sounds like a person. The model is based on the GPT-3.5 architecture and has been trained on a large corpus (语料库) of text data, including books, articles, and websites, using unsupervised (无人监
督的) learning techniques.
As a language model, ChatGPT can understand and respond to a wide range of questions and requests, making it an outstanding tool for many different applications. ChatGPT has been trained on a large dataset of text, which
allows it to understand a wide range of topics. This means that it can assist with various tasks, involving answering
questions, providing information on different subjects, summarizing texts, and even generating writing prompts.
One of the best things about ChatGPT is that it’s always learning and improving. It uses advanced natural language processing algorithms (计算程序) to generate is responses, which means that it is constantly improving and getting better and better as it receives more data over time. This makes it an incredibly powerful tool that can help you learn, grow, and succeed in school and beyond. It’s a valuable resource that can help you achieve your academic goals, whether you need help with research, writing, or just want to chat. It’s like having a smart friend
who can help you with your homework or give you interesting ideas to write about.
But despite its advanced capabilities, ChatGPT is not wihout limitations. As with any AI technology,
ChatGPT has certain weaknesses and challenges that can impact its performance and accuracy.
41 ．Which of the following statements about ChatGPT is correct
A ．It could pass several law exams in various courses.
B ．It was designed by the GPT-3.5 architecture.
C ．It gave the world a hit the moment it was launched.
D ．It was designed to respond to human language in exactly the same manner as humans.
42 ．Who is the passage probably written for
A ．Students. B ．Professors. C ．Doctors. D ．Engineers.
43 ．What will be probably discussed next in the passage
A ．More information about AI technology. B ．The future applications of AI technology.
C ．Advanced capabilities of ChatGPT. D ．Limitations of ChatGPT.
44 ．What can be a suitable title of the passage
A ．ChatGPT has been a new trend B ．ChatGPT will be the future of AI technology
C ．ChatGPT has impressed the world D ．ChatGPT has both advantages and disadvantages
【答案】41 ．C 42 ．A 43 ．D 44 ．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的 AI 技术—ChatGPT。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段“ChatGPT has amazed the world since its launch in late 2022.(自 2022 年底推出以
来， ChatGPT 让世界惊叹不已)”可知， ChatGPT 一经问世就轰动全球。故选 C。
42．推理判断题。根据第四段“This makes it an incredibly powerful tool that can help you learn, grow, and succeed
in school and beyond. It’s a valuable resource that can help you achieve your academic goals, whether you need
help with research, writing, or just want to chat. It’s like having a smart friend who can help you with your
homework or give you interesting ideas to write about. (这使它成为一个非常强大的工具， 可以帮助你在学校内 外学习、成长和成功。这是一种宝贵的资源，可以帮助你实现学术目标，无论你是在研究、写作方面需要 帮助， 还是只是想聊天。这就像有一个聪明的朋友可以帮你做作业， 或者给你有趣的想法)”可推知， 这篇文
章的写作对象很可能是学生。故选 A。
43．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But despite its advanced capabilities, ChatGPT is not wihout linitations. As with any AI technology, ChafGPT has certain weaknesses and challenges that can impact its performance and accuracy.
(但是， 尽管 ChatGPT 有着先进的功能， 但它并没有受到限制。与任何人工智能技术一样， ChafGPT 也有一
些弱点和挑战，这些弱点和挑战可能会影响其性能和准确性)”可推知，文章接下来的主要内容是讲述
ChatGPT 的局限性。故选 D。
44 ．主旨大意题。根据第一段“From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed the world since its launch in late 2022. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota, US, according to CNN. (从创作莎士比亚风格的诗歌到制作音乐， 自 2022 年底推出以来， ChatGPT 一直让世 界惊叹不已。据美国有线电视新闻网报道， 它甚至通过了美国明尼苏达大学四门课程的几次法律考试)”可知，
本文主要介绍了 ChatGPT 这项轰动全球的技术。故选 C。
12.（江苏省 2023-2024 学年高三第一届“七夕杯”高中英语能力检测试题）
Humans are pretty unique among life on Earth. As far as we know, we’re the only living species to evolve the higher intelligence, wear clothes, cook our food, and even invent smartphones. But what if humans suddenly went extinct What other animals might evolve to have the smarts and skills to create large,complex societies as we
have
With modern genetic technology and our understanding of evolution, “we’re pretty good at making short-term predictions. “Martha Reiskind, an ecologist, told Live Science. For example, we can predict that if humans were to disappear tomorrow, climate change would continue to drive many species to adapt to drought. And species living
in cold areas would continue to struggle to live as well.
“A big thing will be the concept of convergence.” Dougal Dixon, a geologist, told Live Science Convergence is an evolutionary process by which two unrelated creatures develop similar features in order to succeed in a particular environment. For example, with their sleek (光滑的) bodies and fins, fish are suitable for living in water. However, dolphins have evolved a very similar body plan—and unlike fish, they are warm-blooded, air-breathing
animals with a totally different evolutionary background.
One feature that makes humans uniquely good at building is our skillful hands. In order to fill the same role as
humans—that is, building cities and heavily modifying our environment—another species would need to develop a similar ability to control objects. Other primates ( 灵长 目动物), like chimpanzees. our closest living relatives,
already can make tools in the wild. It’s possible that if humans disappeared, they might replace us.
But any disaster terrible enough to destroy humans is also likely to destroy chimpanzees, which leaves another tool-using candidate to fill humans place: birds. Birds are very brainy. Some birds can use their feet to form wire into hooks. And trained African grey parrots can learn upwards of 100 words and do simple math, including
understanding the concept of zero. Birds can also gather in large groups, and some even build group nesting sites.
Of course, all of these are predictions. Scientists have said it’s almost impossible to truly predict how evolution will unfold. As we go further and further out, the prediction is less accurate. And it’s even more difficult to predict whether another species will develop human-level intelligence, Some think that it could happen. Others,
however, are less optimistic because they don’t think nature will make mistakes twice.
45 ．Why does the author mention fish and dolphins in Para. 3
A ．To show how dolphins evolved
B ．To explain what convergence is.
C ．To show the advantage of the fish shape
D ．To explain the feature of animals living in water.
46 ．What do chimpanzees and some birds have in common
A ．The ability to make tools B ．The habit of group living
C ．The ability to do simple math D ．The close relationship with humans
47 ．Which animals might replace humans if a worst disaster happened
A ．Sea animals. B ．Chimpanzees
C ．Birds. D ．Dogs.
48 ．Which of the following best describes the future of other species filling the same role as humans
A ．Hopeless. B ．Challenging.
C ．Promising. D ．Uncertain.
【答案】45 ．B 46 ．A 47 ．C 48 ．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章提出如果人类突然消失了，什么动物进化出智慧创造像我们一样庞大、复杂
的社会这个问题，基于基因技术和对进化的理解，科学家们做出了短期预测。
44 ．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘A big thing will be the concept of convergence.” Dougal Dixon, a geologist, told
Live Science Convergence is an evolutionary process by which two unrelated creatures develop similar features in order to succeed in a particular environment. For example, with their sleek(光滑的)bodies and fins, fish are suitable
for living in water. However, dolphins have evolved a very similar body plan—and unlike fish, they are
warm-blooded, air-breathing animals with a totally different evolutionary background.（ “融合的概念将是一件大 事。 ”地质学家杜格尔 ·迪克森告诉《生活科学》杂志， 趋同是一种进化过程， 两种不相关的生物发展出相似 的特征，以便在特定的环境中取得成功。例如，鱼有光滑的身体和鳍，适合生活在水中。然而，海豚进化
出了非常相似的身体结构——与鱼类不同的是，它们是温血动物，呼吸空气，有着完全不同的进化背
景。） ”可知，作者先介绍了 convergcnce 这一概念，即两种不相关的生物进化出相似的特征以求在某种特
定环境中生存。然后，作者以海豚进化出鱼类的身形为例来说明这一概念。故选 B。
45．细节理解题。根据第四段“Other primates(灵长目动物), like chimpanzees. our closest living relatives, already can make tools in the wild. （其他灵长类动物， 如黑猩猩。我们现存的近亲， 已经可以在野外制造工具了。） 和第五段第一句“But any disaster terrible enough to destroy humans is also likely to destroy chimpanzees, which leaves another tool-using candidate to fill humans place: birds.Birds are very brainy.Some birds can use their feet to form wire into hooks. （但是，任何足以毁灭人类的灾难也可能毁灭黑猩猩，这就留下了另一种工具来填补 人类的位置：鸟类。鸟很聪明，有些鸟能用脚把铁丝做成钩子。） ”可知，黑猩猩可以在野外制造工具，鸟
类也可以，比如有的鸟类能够用爪子将金属丝弯成钩子。因此，两者的共同点是都能制造工具。故选 A。
46 ．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句