【寒假学案】2024年人教版初二英语寒假教材 第十讲 阅读理解 答题技巧+专题训练(含答案)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第十讲 阅读理解做题技巧+专题训练
一、题目类型
1.细节理解题
(1)细节理解类题目常见的设问方式
1.Which of the following is true/false/mentioned
2. All of the following statement may be true/ false except...
3. Which of the fallowing is not the result of...
(2)快速辨认和记忆事实或细节
①查读法
查读是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。查读的特点是带着问题寻找答案。
用略读的方法通读阅读材料,对原文有一个大概的了解,掌握其主旨。
按文章的体裁,如按记叙文、说明文或议论文等及作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example,first, second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
把主要精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读,眼睛自左至右,自上而下呈Z形扫视,直至找到你所需要的部分。待找到你所需要的部分时,可放慢速度,细读要查找的内容。
②.按段落组织模式阅读
如:时间型段落
作者在记叙或说明历史人物或事件时,往往按时间先后的顺序组织细节。这种按时间顺序组织细节的段落模式叫作时间型段落。
时间型段落都有明显的信息词。如first,then, afterwards,shortly after that, later, next, after, before, at last, finally 等。
略读时,通过上述信息确定是否为“时间型”段落,然后按时间信息词的先后顺序进行查阅,寻找有关的细节。这种按时间模式阅读的方法,有助于读者快速寻找细节,记住细节。
2.推理判断题
推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系做出合理的推理。
(1)特别留心特定细节
所谓特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实。在做题时需要先找到这些细节再做出合理的推断。
(2)注意作者的语气和态度
作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。从措辞上我们可以判断出作者对所讨论话题的态度。
常见的设问方式：
What can we infer abou....
It can be inferred/concluded from the text that_________
What’s the main purpose /intention of the text
What’s the author’s attitude to/towards.... /
What’s the author’s opinion about/on...
3.主旨大意题
考查学生对短文主题思想成全文梗概的掌握和理解情况的者题目,叫主旨大意题。
(1)主旨大意题目常见的设问方式
1.What’s the main idea of this passage
2. What does the passage mainly discuss
3. The writer means to tell us that...
4. The main idea/ point of the passage is that....
5. The passage is mainly about...
6. From the passage we can learn/ conclude that...
7. What's the best title for the passage
(2)主题句
段落的主题通常由被称为主题句( Topic Sentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:①介绍段落的主题;②阐述控制概念,控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章如科普文章的时候,主题句尤其明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。
①主题句位于段首
主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%-90%的主题句是段落的第一句。
②主题句位于段末
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后立论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。
③主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。
4.词义猜测题
词义猜测题是选择型阅读中的一种题目设置方式,主要考查考生根据阅读所掌握的信息并通过上下文来猜测生词词义的能力。
二、方法技巧
1 细节理解题——细读法
分段细读,注意细节,注意语言结构,抓住主要事实、关键信息,揭示文章结构的内在联系,帮助深化理解。一篇文章是一个有机的整体,段与段之间存在着内在的紧密联系,而每段的内容与主题有着很重要的联系,所以弄清文章结构上的问题,对于把握文章主题或文章大意非常重要。
2 推理判断题——推理法
推理判断是细节理解的延伸,在阅读的时候要根据文章具体事实细节、句子关系去分析和推理,从而达到整体理解的目的。
3 主旨大意题——概读法
从每篇文章的标题到各个部分都进行概读,以归纳出要点,概括作者的意图、观点态度,这样就能了解全文的概貌。概读还有助于考生把握上下文之间的意义联系,培养自己的综合概括能力。
4 词义猜测题——猜测法
要学会根据上下文猜测遇到的新单词,这样既提高了阅读速度又培养了一种能力,这也是英语阅读的关键所在。培养自已的猜词能力是很有必要的,但是若遇到了关键的词句且影响对文章的理解则提倡学生使用手中的工具书,自行查阅解决学习中遇到的困难。
做题技巧总结：
先看中文提示词（1.可以猜测文章大意。2.很有可能是答案）
看题目中关键词。（题目中有大写字母，数字，“”，‘-’‘s 直接去文中定位。）
找到题目中关键词划线。
标好题号。（可以知道下一题从哪里开始找答案。）
课后习题
Great English TourDate: October 9th—October 10th
The first day 10:30 Meet at Changsha Huanghua Airport11:00 Arrive at Human University14:30 Listen to n speech about English Writing
The second day 9:00 Arrive at Hunan Normal University 9:30 Enjoy the famous English play Hamlet 12:00 Special food (Sexy lea and Stinky tofu) Free time activities in the afternoon
For more information: go to the website mvw..
1. If students join in the Great English Tour, how can they get to Changsha
A. By air B. By bus C. By train
2 When can students enjoy the famous play Hamlet
A. At 9:30 a.m. on October 9th.
B. At 9:30 a.m. on October 10th.
C. At 14:30 a.m. on October 9th.
3. Which one is TRUE according to the ad above
A. Students can only have Sexy Tea for the special food during the trip.
B. Students can do anything they like on the first day afternoon.
C. Students can learn more information about the tour from the Internet.
A
Robots should run on electricity (电), right Well, not all of them now.
Scientists in England have invented a kind of small robots. They could get their energy (能量) from dead flies, bad apples, or sugar.
One robot, called Slugbot, was even designed to catch slugs in the garden for dinner!
At first, scientists at Bristol Robotics Laboratory wanted to invent robots that could work for a long time in dark, dirty, and dangerous places. Many of those places don’t have electrical sockets (插座).
Then the inventor Chris Melhuish came up with a better idea. He decided to make robots that can get their energy just like animals by hunting and eating food by themselves.
One robot, called Ecobot II, could run for 12 days on a diet of eight flies! However, it still needs to get more power from one AA battery (电池).
Chris says his team is now working on a new and improved robot, called Ecobot III, which will have a better digestive system .
It seems that after an eight-fly meal, Ecobot II can’t deal with the leftover (剩下的) “waste”.
Maybe toilets in the future will have signs for boys, girls, and robots.
4.A common robot usually ________.
A. gets its energy from sugar
B. depends on electricity to work
C. gets food for itself
5. From the passage, we can infer (推断) that slugs ________.
A. are a kind of insects B. are a kind of books C. are a kind of robots
6 What kind of robots did the inventor Chris Melhuish want
A. Robots that can provide people with food.
B. Robots that can work in dangerous places.
C. Robots that can get energy for themselves.
7. Which of the following is NOT true according to this passage
A. Ecobot II can turn the flies into energy completely.
B. Chris Melhuish is not very satisfied with Ecobot II.
C. Maybe there will be three kinds of toilets in the future.
8. What does the passage mainly tell us
A. Robots are hard things to invent.
B. Scientists are working to improve robots.
C. Scientists at Bristol Robotics Laboratory’ are good at making robots.
A
Hi, dear boys and girls! Do you know how to be a healthy kid Here are some rules you should follow.
First, eat different foods, especially fruit and vegetables. You may have your favorite food, but you’d better eat something different. If you eat different food’s, you will probably gel more nutrients (营养物质) your body needs.
Second, drink water and milk as often as possible When you’re really thirsty, cold water is the No. 1 choice (选择). Milk is a great drink that can give you more calcium (钙) your body needs to grow strong bones (骨头).
Third, listen to your body. How do you feel when you are full When you are eating, notice how your body feels when your stomach (胃) feels comfortably full. Eating too much will not make you feel comfortable but make you fat.
Fourth, limit screen time. Screen time is the time you watch TV, DVDS and videos, or use computers. It is good to take more exercise such as basketball, bike riding and swimming. You can’t watch TV for more than two hours a day.
Fifth, be active. One thing you’d like to do as a kid is to find out which activity you like best. Find ways to be active every day.
Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.
1. You should eat different foods especially __________.
A. meat B. fruit and vegetables C. sweets
2. Which kind of drink can give you more calcium
A. Juice. B。 Milk. C. Cold water.
3. The under lined word “limit” means “__________’’ in Chinese.
A. 增加 B. 去除 C. 限制
4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A. We should try to live in an active way in our life.
B. You can eat your favorite food as much as possible
C. you want to keep healthy you can only follow two ways.
5. What is the best title for the text
A. How to Make Yourself Important
B. How to Be A Healthy Kid
C. How to Be Active
B
Many children like eating gum(口香糖). What do you think of gum shoes The fashion Al)in Amsterdam, Explicit Wear is making gum sports shoes.
There is more than 3 million pounds of gum on Amsterdam’s streets each year. It costs the city millions of dollars to clean up. Also it feels terrible for people to step on it. Explicit Wear is hoping to make a difference. To help keep the streets clean, the company works with the environmental group (环保组) Gumdrop to make the special shoes. They get gum from the city streets and use it to make the shoes. About 1 kg of gum is used to make four pairs of shoes
Each pair of shoes is about $ 332 and the shoes are for sale in June. If you want to buy one pair, you can choose between two colors, pink and black. A map of Amsterdam is drawn into the bottom (询问) of the shoes, Also, the sports shoes smell like sweet gum.
6. Explicit Wear is a __________.
A. group B. city C. company
7. Why does Explicit Wear make the special shoes
A. To meet the needs of young people.
B. To make more money.
C. To help keep the streets clean.
8. Where does Implicit Wear get gum
A. From a gum company. B. From the city streets. C. From some buyers.
9. Explicit Wear uses __________ of gum to make a pair of shoes.
A. 0.25 kg B. 0.5 kg C. 1 kg
10. Which of the following is true about the gum shoes
A. The shoes are for sale in July.
B. Each pair of shoes is about $332.
C. The shoes have three colors.
A
Everybody has his best ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) friend, and so do I. My name is Lily. Today I want to tell you something about my best friend — Gina. I made friends with her two years ago. She is an outgoing and talented girl. She likes volleyball and plays it every day. She wins many prizes (奖品) in different games. In fact, I’m quite different from her. I’m not as tall as her. I like music. I don’t like sports, but sometimes she asks me to go to play volleyball with her. She thinks it is good for my health. I’m more serious and hard-working. I always get better grades than she does, so maybe I should help her more. It’s not necessary to be the same. I like Gina because she is kind and she can make me laugh. We can share many things. Though we are not similar, we care about each other. That’s the most important thing.
( )16. Who is Gina
A. Lily’s cla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssmate. B. Lily’s friend. C. Lily’s cousin.
( )17. What does Lily think of herself
She is se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rious. B. She is outgoing. C. She is talented.
( )18. What does Gina like doing
Studying English ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). B. Listening to music. C. Playing volleyball.
( )19. How often does Lily play volleyball
A. Every day. B. Once a week. C. Sometimes.
( )20. Which of the following is TRUE
A. Lily always gets better grades.
B. Lily wins many prizes in different games
C.Gina and Lily made friends two years ago.
参考答案
（一）
1-3 ABC
4-8 AACAB
1-5 BBCAB 5-10 CCBAB
16-20 BACCC
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