2024届高考英语复习非谓语动词作状语公开课课件(共44张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语复习非谓语动词作状语公开课课件(共44张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-12-28 14:49:00 | ||
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(共44张PPT)
非谓语动词作状语
Nonfinite verds as adverbial
考点精讲一 、非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
不定式作状语
to do 作状语
将来、未完成！
考点精讲——不定式作目的状语
可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。
1.To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard.
2.The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.
用法区分：to do ,in order to do , so as to do
考点精讲——不定式作结果状语
so+adj +as to do sth
such+n +as to do sth
…enough to do sth
too….to;
only to do sth (意料之外)
常用结构：
1.This box is too heavy （for a little girl） to lift
2.The question is too difficult （for me ）to answer.
3.He is too willing to help others.
4.The soup is too delicious to drink
5.One is never too old to learn.
6.Tom didn't get up too late to catch the early train.
不
要
死
记
！
Translate these sentences into Chinese
考点精讲——不定式作原因状语
一，“主语（sb）＋系动词＋形/v-ed＋to do/ to be done”结构中。
常用于这类结构表语有：
sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish 等 属于状态形容词 。
l am glad (attend) her party.
l am glad ( invite ) to her party.
to attend
to be invited
二，【注意】“主语(sth./sb.)＋系动词＋性质形容词＋to do”结构中，通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，
不定式和主语之间存在 被动关系，但常用主动表示被动。
This book is difficult .(understand)
The morning air is so good that he gets up early every day.
to understand
to breathe
(breathe )
主语(sth./sb.)＋系动词＋形容词+( for sb )＋to do Engish is hard ( for us ) to learn .
一、“sb＋系动词＋形/v-ed＋to do/ to be done” 状态形容词
l am glad to be invited to her party.
二、“sth./sb.＋系动词＋形容词+（for sb. /sth.）+to do”性质形容词
This book is difficult to understand.
三、It (形式主语) + be+形容词+（for sb. /sth.）+to do
It is hard for the students to learn English grammar.
四、with＋名词/代词＋to do
区别: 用 to do 还是 to be done
分词作状语
doing 主动，进行
done 被动，完成
分词能作状语的首要条件是：
逻辑主语一致！
考点精讲——分词作时间状语
相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。
When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order.
＝
Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
考点精讲——分词作原因状语
相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。
①Because Wang Xiuqian didn’t understand this problem，he asked the teacher about it after class.
＝
②Because he was defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.
＝
Not understanding this problem，Wang Xiuqian asked the teacher about it after class.
Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.
考点精讲——分词作作条件状语
相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。
If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem.
＝
You should stay where you are,unless you are asked to leave.
＝
Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.
You should stay where you are, unless asked to leave.
考点精讲——分词作结果状语
现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。
More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
区分 to do 作结果状语
Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.
考点精讲——作方式或伴随状语
表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句或者并列谓语。
One evening Harry phoned me，and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
＝
One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
考点精讲——作让步状语
相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.
＝
即使邀请我去，我都不想去听如此差的音乐会。
Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.
Even if (I am) invited , I won't go to such a bad concert.
【注意】
某些过去分词既不表被动，也不表完成，而表一种状态，如：
lost、seated、hidden、absorbed、dressed、moved,tired、excited、pleased、surprised，interested等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.
Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful.
独立成分
做状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。
独立成分 含义
generally/frankly/honestly speaking
judging from/by...
considering.../taking...into consideration/account
to tell you the truth
seeing...
given...
compared to/with...
with的复合
结构做状语
with 的复合结构-----“with＋宾语＋宾补”
1、
He lay on the grass with his eyes at the sky. (look)
2、
With his hair ，he looked much younger. (cut)
3、
With a lot of homework ，I can’t go skating with you.
( finish)
with＋名词/代词＋doing. （表主动）
with＋名词/代词＋done. （表被动）
with＋名词/代词＋to do ， （表将来）
looking
cut
to finish
独立主格
做状语
什么是
独立主格结构？
With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you.
A lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you.
为什么要用 独立主格结构？
With everything done, we went home.
Everything done, we went home.
________(see) the Great Wall wind its way over the mountains，all of us felt really amazed.
Time __________ (permit)，you can pay a visit to some places of interest in Hangzhou.
答：因为非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，它是独立存在。
实战演练：
The first map shows temperature and density of the universe as it expanded and cooled, the second map (illustrate) the mass and size of all objects in the universe. ---常州教育学会监测期中试题
Seeing
permitting
illustrating
为什么要用 独立主格结构？
As there will be much work to do tonight，we can’t go to see the film.
＝Much work to do tonight，we can’t go to see the film.
If weather permits，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
＝Weather permitting，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
He was lying on the grass，and his hands were crossed under his head.
＝He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head.
用独立主格结构改写以下句子。
【对点练习】
考 点
分层演练
解题策略
第一步:句中已有谓语,且空处不是并列谓语,确定填非谓语
第二步 :判断用哪种非谓语动词
第三步 :确定非谓语动词的时态和语态
层级一 高考真题练
单句语法填空
1.He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20，________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.(2022·全国甲)
2.Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the balcony，and climbed up _______(see) them.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)
3.There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years，________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United Nations.(2021·北京)
planning
caused
to see
层级二 语篇提能练
1.周日晚上的这场火灾被认为起于九楼，并迅速蔓延至整栋大楼，导致九楼以上的人被困。
The fire，which is thought to have started from the 8th floor，spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night，(leave＋宾语＋宾补)
For instance，once a big fire came about in a housing estate.Then the community got into a mess，
leaving people on the upper floors trapped.
2.举例来说，有一次一个屋发生大火。然后小区就陷入了一片混乱，狗在狂吠，居民在尖叫。
dogs barking and residents screaming.
BOOK 2 UNIT 1
3.那位女士被指控偷了商店里的东西，她站在那里，羞愧地垂着头。(读后续写之情感描写)
________________________________________________，the lady stood there，hanging her head in shame.(过去分词短语作状语)
Accused of/Charged with stealing things in the shop
4.在被说服改变态度之后，我终于做出承诺要好好学习。
_____________________________________________________，I finally made a to commitment studying hard.
Having been persuaded to change/into changing my attitude
难点突破
比较：
to be done、 being done、
having done、
having been done 、
done .
难点突破
If I was given another chance by God, I would tell hell I love her.
I would tell hell I love her.
When we were shown around the library, we were attracted by its design.
we were attracted by its design.
Although I was told many times to do the homework, I couldn’t do.
I couldn’t do.
After he handed in the paper, he left the room.
he left the room.
After we were shown around the library, we came to the hall to enjoy dinner.
we came to the hall to enjoy dinner.
Given another chance by God,
Shown around the library,
Told many times to do the homework,
Having handed in the paper,
Having been shown around the library,
1.Tom was absorbed in his work，so he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.
① ，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(现在分词短语作状语)
② ，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(过去分词短语作状语)
Absorbing himself in his work
Absorbed in his work
难点突破
2. 牛顿忙着在实验室里做实验，没有注意到他的朋友已经离开了。
① ，Newton did not notice his friend had left.(过去分词短语作状语)
② ，Newton did not notice his friend had left.(现在分词短语作状语)
Employed in doing experiments in the lab
Employing himself in doing experiments in the lab
难点突破
3.People may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
① ，people may risk going deaf.
② ，people may risk going deaf.
Exposed to very loud music every day
Exposing themselves to very loud music every day
4.I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.
① ，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.
② ，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.
Abandoning myself to computer games
Abandoned to computer games
语 法
链接写作
1.作状语用分词生动简练
典例 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)大卫听了我的话，露出了灿烂的笑容，站起来朝起跑线走去。
Hearing my words，David beamed a big smile，stood up and moved towards the starting line.
运用(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)父亲轻轻地拍着他们的肩膀，用温柔的声音说：“亲爱的，爱才是最重要的。让我们一起吧。”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Patting them gently on the shoulders，the father said in a warm voice，“Darling，it is love that counts.Let’s do this together.”
典例 (2020·浙江7月)被这只熊不停地用力推，篱笆很快就散架了。
Pushed hard constantly by the bear，the fence soon fell apart.
运用 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)虽然筋疲力尽，但是大卫到达了终点线，所有的学生都为他欢呼。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Worn out，David reached the finishing line and all the students cheered for him.
2.表目的，不定式适当提前
典例 (2022·全国甲)而且，为了呼吁更多的人来保护海洋，我们还可以发传单。
What’s more，to call on more people to protect the ocean，we can also hand out leaflets.
运用 (2021·上海)为了更高效地学习英语，你最好选择听说课程。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
To learn English more efficiently，you had better choose the Listening and Speaking course.
3.having done比after从句光鲜靓丽
典例 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)在确认了大卫想跑就跑的情况后，我转过身发现他朝我走来，他瘦小的身体随着他的双脚向前摆动而左右摇晃。
Having made sure that David could run if he wanted to，I turned around to find him coming towards me，his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
运用 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)卖完爆米花之后，他们决定收工回家。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Having sold out all the popcorn，they decided to call it a day and go home.
4.用with复合机构或独立主格代替状语从句
天气允许的话，将举办冬日远足活动，让我们接近大自然并提高我们学生的健康意识。(应用文写作之通知)
① ，a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students’ health awareness.(条件状语从句)
② ，a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students’ health awareness.(独立主格结构)
Weather permitting
If weather permits
5.Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
→Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，_______________________
.(用with的复合结构改写)
→Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，_______________________
.(用独立主格结构改写)
with tears of shame and
embarrassment welling up in his eyes
tears of shame and
embarrassment welling up in his eyes
thanks
非谓语动词作状语
Nonfinite verds as adverbial
考点精讲一 、非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
不定式作状语
to do 作状语
将来、未完成！
考点精讲——不定式作目的状语
可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。
1.To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard.
2.The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.
用法区分：to do ,in order to do , so as to do
考点精讲——不定式作结果状语
so+adj +as to do sth
such+n +as to do sth
…enough to do sth
too….to;
only to do sth (意料之外)
常用结构：
1.This box is too heavy （for a little girl） to lift
2.The question is too difficult （for me ）to answer.
3.He is too willing to help others.
4.The soup is too delicious to drink
5.One is never too old to learn.
6.Tom didn't get up too late to catch the early train.
不
要
死
记
！
Translate these sentences into Chinese
考点精讲——不定式作原因状语
一，“主语（sb）＋系动词＋形/v-ed＋to do/ to be done”结构中。
常用于这类结构表语有：
sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish 等 属于状态形容词 。
l am glad (attend) her party.
l am glad ( invite ) to her party.
to attend
to be invited
二，【注意】“主语(sth./sb.)＋系动词＋性质形容词＋to do”结构中，通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，
不定式和主语之间存在 被动关系，但常用主动表示被动。
This book is difficult .(understand)
The morning air is so good that he gets up early every day.
to understand
to breathe
(breathe )
主语(sth./sb.)＋系动词＋形容词+( for sb )＋to do Engish is hard ( for us ) to learn .
一、“sb＋系动词＋形/v-ed＋to do/ to be done” 状态形容词
l am glad to be invited to her party.
二、“sth./sb.＋系动词＋形容词+（for sb. /sth.）+to do”性质形容词
This book is difficult to understand.
三、It (形式主语) + be+形容词+（for sb. /sth.）+to do
It is hard for the students to learn English grammar.
四、with＋名词/代词＋to do
区别: 用 to do 还是 to be done
分词作状语
doing 主动，进行
done 被动，完成
分词能作状语的首要条件是：
逻辑主语一致！
考点精讲——分词作时间状语
相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。
When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order.
＝
Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
考点精讲——分词作原因状语
相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。
①Because Wang Xiuqian didn’t understand this problem，he asked the teacher about it after class.
＝
②Because he was defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.
＝
Not understanding this problem，Wang Xiuqian asked the teacher about it after class.
Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.
考点精讲——分词作作条件状语
相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。
If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem.
＝
You should stay where you are,unless you are asked to leave.
＝
Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.
You should stay where you are, unless asked to leave.
考点精讲——分词作结果状语
现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。
More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
区分 to do 作结果状语
Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.
考点精讲——作方式或伴随状语
表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句或者并列谓语。
One evening Harry phoned me，and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
＝
One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
考点精讲——作让步状语
相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.
＝
即使邀请我去，我都不想去听如此差的音乐会。
Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.
Even if (I am) invited , I won't go to such a bad concert.
【注意】
某些过去分词既不表被动，也不表完成，而表一种状态，如：
lost、seated、hidden、absorbed、dressed、moved,tired、excited、pleased、surprised，interested等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.
Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful.
独立成分
做状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。
独立成分 含义
generally/frankly/honestly speaking
judging from/by...
considering.../taking...into consideration/account
to tell you the truth
seeing...
given...
compared to/with...
with的复合
结构做状语
with 的复合结构-----“with＋宾语＋宾补”
1、
He lay on the grass with his eyes at the sky. (look)
2、
With his hair ，he looked much younger. (cut)
3、
With a lot of homework ，I can’t go skating with you.
( finish)
with＋名词/代词＋doing. （表主动）
with＋名词/代词＋done. （表被动）
with＋名词/代词＋to do ， （表将来）
looking
cut
to finish
独立主格
做状语
什么是
独立主格结构？
With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you.
A lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you.
为什么要用 独立主格结构？
With everything done, we went home.
Everything done, we went home.
________(see) the Great Wall wind its way over the mountains，all of us felt really amazed.
Time __________ (permit)，you can pay a visit to some places of interest in Hangzhou.
答：因为非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，它是独立存在。
实战演练：
The first map shows temperature and density of the universe as it expanded and cooled, the second map (illustrate) the mass and size of all objects in the universe. ---常州教育学会监测期中试题
Seeing
permitting
illustrating
为什么要用 独立主格结构？
As there will be much work to do tonight，we can’t go to see the film.
＝Much work to do tonight，we can’t go to see the film.
If weather permits，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
＝Weather permitting，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
He was lying on the grass，and his hands were crossed under his head.
＝He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head.
用独立主格结构改写以下句子。
【对点练习】
考 点
分层演练
解题策略
第一步:句中已有谓语,且空处不是并列谓语,确定填非谓语
第二步 :判断用哪种非谓语动词
第三步 :确定非谓语动词的时态和语态
层级一 高考真题练
单句语法填空
1.He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20，________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.(2022·全国甲)
2.Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the balcony，and climbed up _______(see) them.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)
3.There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years，________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United Nations.(2021·北京)
planning
caused
to see
层级二 语篇提能练
1.周日晚上的这场火灾被认为起于九楼，并迅速蔓延至整栋大楼，导致九楼以上的人被困。
The fire，which is thought to have started from the 8th floor，spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night，(leave＋宾语＋宾补)
For instance，once a big fire came about in a housing estate.Then the community got into a mess，
leaving people on the upper floors trapped.
2.举例来说，有一次一个屋发生大火。然后小区就陷入了一片混乱，狗在狂吠，居民在尖叫。
dogs barking and residents screaming.
BOOK 2 UNIT 1
3.那位女士被指控偷了商店里的东西，她站在那里，羞愧地垂着头。(读后续写之情感描写)
________________________________________________，the lady stood there，hanging her head in shame.(过去分词短语作状语)
Accused of/Charged with stealing things in the shop
4.在被说服改变态度之后，我终于做出承诺要好好学习。
_____________________________________________________，I finally made a to commitment studying hard.
Having been persuaded to change/into changing my attitude
难点突破
比较：
to be done、 being done、
having done、
having been done 、
done .
难点突破
If I was given another chance by God, I would tell hell I love her.
I would tell hell I love her.
When we were shown around the library, we were attracted by its design.
we were attracted by its design.
Although I was told many times to do the homework, I couldn’t do.
I couldn’t do.
After he handed in the paper, he left the room.
he left the room.
After we were shown around the library, we came to the hall to enjoy dinner.
we came to the hall to enjoy dinner.
Given another chance by God,
Shown around the library,
Told many times to do the homework,
Having handed in the paper,
Having been shown around the library,
1.Tom was absorbed in his work，so he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.
① ，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(现在分词短语作状语)
② ，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(过去分词短语作状语)
Absorbing himself in his work
Absorbed in his work
难点突破
2. 牛顿忙着在实验室里做实验，没有注意到他的朋友已经离开了。
① ，Newton did not notice his friend had left.(过去分词短语作状语)
② ，Newton did not notice his friend had left.(现在分词短语作状语)
Employed in doing experiments in the lab
Employing himself in doing experiments in the lab
难点突破
3.People may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
① ，people may risk going deaf.
② ，people may risk going deaf.
Exposed to very loud music every day
Exposing themselves to very loud music every day
4.I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.
① ，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.
② ，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.
Abandoning myself to computer games
Abandoned to computer games
语 法
链接写作
1.作状语用分词生动简练
典例 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)大卫听了我的话，露出了灿烂的笑容，站起来朝起跑线走去。
Hearing my words，David beamed a big smile，stood up and moved towards the starting line.
运用(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)父亲轻轻地拍着他们的肩膀，用温柔的声音说：“亲爱的，爱才是最重要的。让我们一起吧。”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Patting them gently on the shoulders，the father said in a warm voice，“Darling，it is love that counts.Let’s do this together.”
典例 (2020·浙江7月)被这只熊不停地用力推，篱笆很快就散架了。
Pushed hard constantly by the bear，the fence soon fell apart.
运用 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)虽然筋疲力尽，但是大卫到达了终点线，所有的学生都为他欢呼。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Worn out，David reached the finishing line and all the students cheered for him.
2.表目的，不定式适当提前
典例 (2022·全国甲)而且，为了呼吁更多的人来保护海洋，我们还可以发传单。
What’s more，to call on more people to protect the ocean，we can also hand out leaflets.
运用 (2021·上海)为了更高效地学习英语，你最好选择听说课程。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
To learn English more efficiently，you had better choose the Listening and Speaking course.
3.having done比after从句光鲜靓丽
典例 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)在确认了大卫想跑就跑的情况后，我转过身发现他朝我走来，他瘦小的身体随着他的双脚向前摆动而左右摇晃。
Having made sure that David could run if he wanted to，I turned around to find him coming towards me，his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
运用 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)卖完爆米花之后，他们决定收工回家。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Having sold out all the popcorn，they decided to call it a day and go home.
4.用with复合机构或独立主格代替状语从句
天气允许的话，将举办冬日远足活动，让我们接近大自然并提高我们学生的健康意识。(应用文写作之通知)
① ，a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students’ health awareness.(条件状语从句)
② ，a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students’ health awareness.(独立主格结构)
Weather permitting
If weather permits
5.Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
→Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，_______________________
.(用with的复合结构改写)
→Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，_______________________
.(用独立主格结构改写)
with tears of shame and
embarrassment welling up in his eyes
tears of shame and
embarrassment welling up in his eyes
thanks