完形填空（说明文）
1.（2023·辽宁 · 东北育才学校校考三模）
Young boys often dream of superpowers to solve their problems. It was 1933, while the country was still 1 the Great Depression, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster put their 2 down on paper. In the process, they
created the world’s most popular superhero, Superman.
Joe was the artist and sketched all the time, 3 out at newsstands absorbed in magazines, especially “Amazing Stories,” and then 4 to recreate them at home. Jerry was the storyteller. The idea of Superman 5 upon him in the middle of a sleepless summer night. When the Superman’s origin story started 6 ,
he dashed over to Joe’s place and showed it to him. Then they just sat down, and worked straight out.
As is often the case, when we experience something 7 in life, we deal with the feeling through 8 expression. Jerry’s father had died during a robbery. A young child might 9 that experience by wishing something could have 10 it. For Jerry, out came the Man of Steel, who was 11 to
bullets and protecting innocent people was his 12 .
The story of Superman has inspired kids for generations. It has 13 their fears and driven their dreams. Most 14 , the Man of Steel has inspired us all to find our superpower and use them to help others. Therefore, the next time you are inspired to 15 a friend from being bullied, or help the widow next door with your superpower smile, thank Joe and Jerry, two awkward high school kids who dreamt up
Superman—making the world a little more safe and fair.
1 ．A ．evaluating B ．undergoing C ．controlling D ．overcoming
2 ．A ．concepts B ．principles C ．ideas D ．disputes
3 ．A ．hanging B ．working C ．running D ．figuring
4 ．A ．get out B ．stand out C ．set out D ．put out
5 ．A ．struck B ．dawned C ．fell D ．occurred
6 ．A ．taking action B ．taking effect C ．taking shape D ．taking aim
7 ．A ．tiresome B ．tragic C ．memorable D ．grateful
8 ．A ．creative B ．personal C ．academic D ．skillful
9 ．A ．remember B ．commend C．judge D ．process
10 ．A ．defeated B ．predicted C ．prevented D ．supported
11 ．A ．subject B ．resistant C ．sensitive D ．accustomed
12 ．A ．responsibility B ．belief C ．command D ．contribution
13 ．A ．shared B ．confirmed C ．boosted D ．calmed
14 ．A ．unexpectedly B ．importantly C ．fortunately D ．obviously
15 ．A ．ban B ．help C ．save D ．facilitate
2.（2023·山东淄博 · 统考三模）
ChatGPT has been everywhere for the last few months. It raises 16 about their impact on everything
happening in our society.
ChatGPT is a natural language processing tool 17 by AI technology that allows you to have human-like 18 and much more. The language model can answer questions and 19 you with tasks,
such as composing emails, essays, and code.
The 20 to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions is why it became the fastest-growing app of all time, 21 100 million users in only two months. The fact that it can also 22 essays, articles, and poetry has only 23 its appeal. It is also equally 24 at coding and productivity tasks. For the former, its ability to 25 code from natural speech makes it a powerful partner for both new
and 26 coders.
Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has 27 . Such restrictions include the inability to answer questions that are worded in a 28 way, as it requires rewording to understand the input question. A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the 29 it delivers. Another major limitation is that its data is limited up to 2021. The chat robot does not have any 30 of events or news that have occurred since then.
Lastly, ChatGPT does not provide sources for its responses.
16 ．A ．requests B ．concerns C ．emotions D ．doubts
17 ．A ．driven B ．followed C ．inspired D ．entertained
18 ．A ．conflicts B ．challenges C ．interests D ．conversations
19 ．A ．manage B ．control C ．assist D ．accompany
20 ．A ．ability B ．chance C ．responsibility D ．purpose
21 ．A ．consulting B ．reaching C ．introducing D ．counting
22 ．A ．cause B ．return C ．exist D ．generate
23 ．A ．added to B ．connected to C ．devoted to D ．owed to
24 ．A ．determined B ．equipped C ．talented D ．alarmed
25 ．A ．save B ．create C ．choose D ．describe
26 ．A ．cautious B ．untrained C ．familiar D ．experienced
27 ．A ．limitations B ．possibilities C ．requirements D ．advantages
28 ．A ．right B ．suitable C ．specific D ．natural
29 ．A ．approaches B ．responses C ．contribution D ．sensitivity
30 ．A ．notice B ．question C ．feeling D ．awareness
3.（2023·重庆市万州第二高级中学校考三模）
When it came to moral reasoning, we like to think our views on right and wrong are rational. But ultimately they are grounded in emotion. Philosophers have argued over this claim for a quarter of a millennium without 31 . Time’s up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter. Though reason
can shape moral judgment, emotion is often 32 .
Harvard psychologist Joshua Greene does brainscans of people as they study the so-called trolley problem. Suppose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will die unless you pull a lever ( 杠杆) that pushes it onto another track where, 33 , lies one person who will die instead. An easy call, most people
say: 34 the loss of life — a “utilitarian” (实用主义的) goal, as philosophers put it — is the thing to do.
But suppose the only way to save the five people is to push someone else onto the track — a bystander whose body will bring the trolley to a stop before it hits the others. It’s still a one-for-five 35 , and you still initiate the action that dooms the one. 36 , now you are more directly involved; most people say it would be wrong to do this trade-off. Why According to Greene’s brain scans, the second situation more thoroughly excites parts of the brain linked to 37 than does the lever-pulling situation. Apparently, the intuitive hesitation of giving someone a deadly push is more 38 than the hesitation of a deadly lever pull. Further studies suggest that in both cases the emotional concerns 39 control with more rational parts of the brain. In the second situation, the emotions are usually strong enough to win. And when they lose, it is only after a tough 40 process. The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach
their decision. So too with people who approve of smothering ( 闷 死) a crying baby rather than catching the
attention of enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other 41 . Greene explains that our intuitive dislike to the killing of an innocent gradually evolved to become especially sensitive to visions of direct
physical attack.
Princeton philosopher Peter Singer argues that we should 42 our moral intuitions (本能) and ask whether they deserve respect in the first place. Why obey moral impulses that evolved to serve the “ 43 gene” — such as sympathy that moves toward relatives and friends Why not worry more about people an ocean away whose suffering we could 44 relieve Isn’t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to keep your 90-year-old father on life support In the absence of a tough decision-making process, reason may indeed
be a(n) “ 45 of the passions” .
31 ．A ．comprehensionB . hesitation C . resolution D . permission
32 ．A ．reliable B . invisible C . impressive D . decisive
33 ．A ．unfortunately B . obviously C . surprisingly D . inevitably
34 ．A ．regretting B . minimizing C . justifying D . estimating
35 ．A ．struggle B . deal C . loss D . mistake
36 ．A ．Likewise B . However C . Therefore D . Moreover
37 ．A ．memory B . reason C . emotion D . sensory
38 ．A ．enduring B . obvious C . acceptable D . intense
39 ．A ．compete for e from C . take over D . engage in
40 ．A ．self-reflecting B . decision-making C . problem-solving D . attention-calling
41 ．A ．innocents B . hostages C . relatives D . soldiers
42 ．A ．trust B . apply C . examine D . ignore
43 ．A ．superior B . stubborn C . caring D . selfish
44 ．A ．willingly B . collectively C . deliberately D . cheaply
45 ．A ．master B . advocate C . slave D . protester
4.（2023·安徽 · 合肥市第八中学校考模拟预测）
Students at an elementary school in California, with the help of their art teacher, created a telephone hotline that people can call to get 46 advice from kids during difficult times. In just days, the hotline began
getting thousands of calls an hour.
Jessica Martin, who teaches art at West Side School in Healdsburg, California, 47 her students just
might have the magic words needed to bring 48 to people in these difficult times. “To hear the pure
49 from kids is extremely comforting,” she says.
The project was called “PepToc”. Actually, they called it “Pep Talk” (鼓励话语) first.. But when Ms. Martin’s 6-year-old son drew an advertisement for the hotline and 50 it “PepToc”, they 51 they liked
that even better.
The hotline is 52 in English and Spanish. It offers the happy voices of 53 of different ages sharing positive messages. For example, by pressing 3, you can 54 a group of kindergartners saying together, “You can do it! Keep trying! Don’t give up!” Pressing 4 55 the sounds of children giggling and laughing—a sound certain to bring a 56 to anyone’s face. Pressing 1 57 ideas for people who are “feeling mad, frustrated, or 58 ” Helpful suggestions include “punch your pillow”, or “go get a cookie”. Pressing2 results in “words of 59 and life advice”. This includes messages like
“The 60 is a better place with you in it.”
46 ．A ．reasonable B ．rare C ．mysterious D ．cheerful
47 ．A ．thought B ．complained C ．declared D ．insisted
48 ．A ．wealth B ．attention C ．calm D ．luck
49 ．A ．comment B．joy C ．praise D ．mind
50 ．A ．pronounced B ．typed C ．spelled D ．drew
51 ．A ．decided B ．learned C ．changed D ．assumed
52 ．A ．spoken B ．memorable C ．popular D ．available
53 ．A ．callers B ．children C ．artists D ．operators
54 ．A ．witness B ．suggest C ．catch D ．hear
55 ．A ．generates B ．records C ．analyzes D ．breaks
56 ．A ．mark B ．wrinkle C ．smile D ．tear
57 ．A ．brings up B ．laughs at C ．gives away D ．turn to
58 ．A ．distracted B ．content C ．peaceful D ．nervous
59 ．A ．management B ．encouragement C．judgement D ．argument
60 ．A ．hotline B ．world C ．school D ．street
5.（2023·浙江绍兴 · 统考模拟预测）
Wearing a caveman mask (面具), Dr. Marzluff walks across the camp at the university. Crows (乌鸦) circle
and scream. They dive at him and then suddenly fly away.
Beneath the mask，he smiles. Days before, he and his students had 61 cavemen masks caught crows
and 62 plastic bands on to their legs. Then they released the 63 birds.
“We always knew crows 64 us, but could we show it ” says Dr. Marzluff, a professor known
affectionately as the Crowman.
When the researchers walked around campus without masks, the crows they had caught and banded didn’t 65 to them. But when the 66 humans walked by while wearing the masks, the crows scolded (责骂)
loudly and dived at their “ 67 ”. The birds had remembered their 68 !
“Crows are constantly 69 us,” Dr. Marzluff says. “They look, they think, they eyeball you,
70 the situation.”
At first, only the banded birds reacted 71 to the people in masks. But in later tests, an increasing number of crows began scolding them, even when the banded birds were not around. The birds had 72 from one another. Dr. Marzluffand his team followed banded crows for a year and 73 that adults even
pass this information to their 74 .
Dr. Marzluff’s experiments led him to study how crows’ 75 work.
61 ．A ．picked out B ．put on C ．searched for D ．taken off
62 ．A ．dropped B ．stepped C ．pressed D ．tied
63 ．A ．unhappy B ．beautiful C ．black D ．rare
64 ．A ．hate B ．attack C ．recognize D ．contact
65 ．A ．wave B ．react C ．reply D ．turn
66 ．A ．friendly B ．unkind C ．different D ．same
67 ．A ．enemies B ．professors C ．owners D ．followers
68 ．A ．clothes B ．faces C ．organs D ．figures
69 ．A ．expecting B ．admiring C ．watching D ．tolerating
70 ．A ．estimating B ．changing C ．restoring D ．worsening
71 ．A ．rigidly B ．automatically C ．abnormally D ．threateningly
72 ．A ．resulted B ．heard C ．learned D ．benefited
73 ．A ．promised B ．identified C ．denied D ．clarified
74 ．A ．young B ．neighbor C ．partners D ．opponents
75 ．A ．wings B ．noses C ．legs D ．brains
6.（2023·安徽 · 校联考模拟预测）
As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 76 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a 77 at
the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 78 experiments. “The first 79 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained. “After several generations of 80 and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we 81 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n)
82 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new 83 should produce high yields, have stable production, and 84 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ 85 , it also should be accepted by the
market.”
Zhang added that the team 86 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All year round they
were busy with 87 experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is 88 and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not
89 . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find 90 on the land,” she said.
76 ．A ．advertising B ．cultivating C ．discussing D ．observing
77 ．A．journalist B ．teacher C ．researcher D ．manager
78 ．A ．precise B ．efficient C ．simple D ．expensive
79 ．A ．way B ．attempt C ．step D ．question
80 ．A ．encouragementB ．support C ．management D ．trial
81 ．A ．begin B ．continue C ．follow D ．repeat
82 ．A ．practice B ．application C ．declaration D ．invitation
83 ．A ．environment B ．machine C ．farmland D ．variety
84 ．A ．produce B ．enhance C ．show D ．develop
85 ．A ．Besides B ．However C ．Therefore D ．Otherwise
86 ．A ．watered B ．bought C ．protected D ．planted
87 ．A ．reporting B ．designing C ．conducting D ．studying
88 ．A ．normal B ．tough C ．varied D ．specific
89 ．A ．end up B ．run out C ．break up D ．pay off
90 ．A ．answers B ．comfort C ．dreams D ．courage
7.（2023·上海嘉定 · 统考二模）
Has someone ever told you something that made you doubt your own memory or judgment If so, you may be a 91 of gaslighting. “Gaslighting” is a kind of psychological abuse to gain 92 over others by purposely making other people think they’re wrong even when they’re right. The term comes from Patrick Hamilton’s play in 1938. Lead character Jack Manningham seeks to convince his wife Bella that she is 93 , by saying she is imagining the dimming (变暗) of the gas light in their home, when it was actually he who lowered
the brightness of the light.
Gaslighting is initially used to talk about what happens in romantic relationships. However, many individuals also experience gaslighting at work. 94 , a recent survey has found that 58% of the respondents said they have experienced gaslighting at work. It’s 95 since gaslighting usually involves a power relationship and a need to control others. In the workplace, the 96 between a boss and his employee can be the perfect breeding (滋生的) ground for this type of behavior. Your boss might tell you to handle an assignment in a certain way, but when you do, he gets 97 and says it wasn’t what he wanted. It makes you feel like your memory is 98 . In other situations, your boss may exclude you from a meeting 99 and when you ask him
about it, he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question directly.
In order to find out whether your boss’s behavior really 100 gaslighting or he is just a poor communicator, you could write down your experiences and ask yourself what really happened, what his motives might have been, and how your emotion was 101 . But always be careful because gaslighters know how to fly under the radar (雷达). They are skilled at weakening an employee’s confidence and sense of reality in a clever
and 102 way.
To protect yourself, at the end of the conversation with your boss, repeat back what you heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main points, 103 the interactions between you two. But don’t get your hopes high that this will automatically solve the problem, Robin Stern, author of The Gaslight Effect, warns, because it’s hard to get a gaslighter to 104 his behavior pattern. If things don’t improve, you may want to consider
getting out of the gaslighting situation by looking for a new position. It may be one of the best things you can do for
your 105 well-being.
91 ．A ．creator B ．victim C ．host D ．scholar
92 ．A ．power B ．wealth C ．support D ．experience
93 ．A ．having fun B ．feeling angry C ．going crazy D ．becoming younger
94 ．A ．By comparisonB ．Worse still C ．After all D ．In fact
95 ．A ．unsurprising B ．irrelevant C ．unnecessary D ．improper
96 ．A ．harmonies B ．dynamics C ．phases D ．replacements
97 ．A ．annoyed B ．interested C ．frightened D ．excited
98 ．A ．visual B ．painful C ．faulty D ．lasting
99 ．A ．at random B ．for sure C ．in time D ．on purpose
100 ．A ．recommends B ．constitutes C ．escapes D ．discovers
101 ．A ．facilitated B ．affected C ．represented D ．monitored
102 ．A ．hard-to-prove B ．easy-to-spot C ．safe-to-learn D ．tough-to-survive
103 ．A ．interrupting B ．overcoming C ．abandoning D ．documenting
104 ．A ．submit B ．attain C ．change D ．forgive
105 ．A ．emotional B ．physical C ．virtual D ．economic
8.（2023·山东潍坊 · 统考模拟预测）
Like many people, public speaking once filled me with fear As a writer, I felt much more 106 expressing myself on the page, rather than on the 107 . Strangely, I found that the feelings of 108 to be perfectly tolerable; 109 , I was concerned with the ways that others would perceive my nervous energy. A slight change of 110 , the unconscious biting of my lip — I assured that I’d be 111 for any nom-verbal signal that showed my lack of 112 . I was experiencing anxiety about my
anxiety—consequences that made the whole task feel much more 113 .
You might have 114 this yourself before a job interview or important work meeting in front of
senior colleagues. And the more you try to 115 your feelings, the more obvious they appear to others.
According to a striking new study, however, these concerns may be 116 . Jamie Whitehouse, a research fellow at Nottingham Trent University in the UK, has shown that visible signs of stress are often 117 , leaving others more likely to like us and treat us 118 . If so, then we need not try so hard to
119 a calm-and-collected poker face, safe in the knowledge that people will relate well to our 120 .
106 ．A ．anxious B ．comfortable C ．cautious D ．hesitant
107 ．A ．exam room B ．video call C ．stage center D ．teacher’s desk
108 ．A ．burden B ．loneliness C ．conflict D ．anxiety
109 ．A ．besides B ．instead C ．therefore D ．otherwise
110 ．A ．voice B ．appearance C ．attitude D ．routine
111 ．A ．paused B ．rejected C ．assessed D ．warned
112 ．A ．knowledge B ．experience C ．process D ．confidence
113 ．A ．astonishing B ．terrifying C ．pressing D ．confusing
114 ．A ．noticed B ．refreshed C ．mentioned D ．supposed
115 ．A ．permit B ．declare C ．hide D ．deserve
116 ．A ．practical B ．inaccurate C ．unpredictable D ．unnecessary
117 ．A ．appealing B ．annoying C ．frustrating D ．convincing
118 ．A ．warmly B ．apparently C ．curiously D ．casually
119 ．A ．remind B ．require C ．wander D ．maintain
120 ．A ．attention B ．expectation C ．emotions D ．appreciation
9.（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨 · 哈尔滨三中校考一模）
Sammie Vance approached her principal at Haley Elementary with the idea of installing “buddy benches” into her school playground to help others feel less lonely. The principal 121 of the idea. But wooden benches are 122 . Just one would be worth nearly a thousand dollars. However, a bench made of 123 bottle caps would only be around $250. So Sammie 124 others in her community to collect enough caps to make one bench. 125 , she managed to get bottle caps from 50 states. And thus, the initiative of
“Sammie’s Buddy Bench Project” was 126 .
Pretty soon, Sammie’s Buddy Bench Project began commanding the 127 of several news media. For her amazing efforts, Sammie has been chosen the receiver of several 128 and was 129 one of People magazine’s “Girls Changing the World”. And 130 , more than 200 bottle cap buddy
benches have been around at schools and parks across the country, plus Mexico and Australia.
This is, of course, not just a beautiful story about helping others. It’s also a major win for 131 . It is reported that 1.3 billion bottle caps are used each year. These caps cannot be recycled in the same way along with
plastic bottles 132 each has a different melting point, and when they are 133 in, it can
ruin an entire batch (一批). And that’s when they get discarded. Millions of caps have been found in our 134 alone, which can be devastating to marine life. In fact, it’s one of the leading 135 of death. It’s big
caring hearts like Sammie’s that help our planet heal against damage.
121 ．A ．complained B ．allowed C ．approved D ．spoke
122 ．A ．costly B ．heavy C ．productive D ．valueless
123 ．A ．reviewed B ．recreated C ．removed D ．recycled
124 ．A ．kept track of B ．reached out to C ．sang high praises for D ．got rid of
125 ．A ．UnfortunatelyB ．Accordingly C ．Apparently D ．Eventually
126 ．A ．born B ．promoted C ．obtained D ．commented
127 ．A ．attraction B ．attention C ．acceptance D ．admission
128 ．A ．campaigns B ．contests C ．assemblies D ．awards
129 ．A ．nicknamed B ．introduced C ．defined D ．named
130 ．A ．the other day B ．to date C ．by then D ．until recently
131 ．A ．sustainability B ．changeability C ．adaptability D ．visibility
132 ．A ．though B ．as C ．if D ．when
133 ．A ．combined B ．mixed C ．involved D ．fitted
134 ．A ．fields B ．walls C ．oceans D ．rains
135 ．A ．explanations B ．questions C ．ways D ．causes
10.（2023·全国 · 高三专题练习）
The term “the imaginary audience” was invented by American child psychologist David Elkind in 1967. It is defined as an adolescent’s psychological state 136 by the belief that people around are eagerly watching or listening to him or her. This is because 137 are aware of the physical changes occurring in their bodies.
And they are 138 concerned with how everyone is 139 these changes.
The 140 of the imaginary audience are common. Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look 141 to others. Or they would follow different ongoing 142 that may help them fit into society. If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion, teens would dress like that just to give a good 143 on their imaginary audiences. Teens also worry about the 144 mistakes they make in social settings. A blackhead could make an adolescent girl 145 all day as she feels that she is being watched and judged.
However, in reality, there are only a small percentage of people who are actually interested in how somebody else
146 .
Though “the imaginary audience” is considered to be a 147 , it is a natural process in which an adolescent tries to better understand his or her association with the world. As an individual’s perception of the world 148 , he or she will gain more 149 viewpoints on his or her roles among people, rather
than imaginary ones. Thus, the effects of imaginary audiences will gradually 150 .
136 ．A ．misled B ．held C ．driven D ．characterize
137 ．A ．adults B ．teenagers C ．elders D ．professors
138 ．A ．suddenly B ．gradually C ．strongly D ．randomly
139 ．A ．viewing B ．facing C ．accepting D ．making
140 ．A ．causes B ．requirements C ．examples D ．results
141 ．A ．strange B ．plain C ．sweet D ．smart
142 ．A ．events B ．trends C ．tips D ．principles
143 ．A ．comment B ．assessment C ．impression D ．instruction
144 ．A ．severest B ．biggest C ．fastest D ．slightest
145 ．A ．sleep B ．relax C ．sweat D ．laugh
146 ．A ．sounds B ．feels C ．smells D ．looks
147 ．A ．disorder B ．relief C ．pity D ．blessing
148 ．A ．reduces B ．shows C ．works D ．matures
149 ．A ．narrow B ．permanent C ．realistic D ．personal
150 ．A ．run out B ．fade away C ．set in D ．come back
11.（2023 春 ·广东东莞 · 高三校考阶段练习）
Kerry Strum was badly defeated during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2021. She 151 Waves 4 Women, a beach-based nonprofit that offers therapeutic (治疗的) surf lessons to women dealing with depressions. “ 152 was much like life,” she says. “You fall off the 153 , but the most important thing is
getting back and trying again. It was a 154 experience.”
Before 155 Waves 4 Women, Erin Jones, a co-founder, recognized that women who had experienced pressure needed their own safe place to go through the 156 process. “If the learner has experienced physical abuse, or even just a(n) 157 in trust in a relationship, she will feel more 158
in an environment with other women.”
About 150 women have 159 . Participants don’t need to have surfing experience. The nonprofit has one instructor for every two students. It is all about teaching people to manage 160 . What’s nice about surfing is that we identify skills that are 161 for women to learn mindfulness, self-talk, and 162
what’s around you.
Through Waves 4 Women, Jones hopes to build a 163 support community, a little expansion at a time. “For some people, just lying on the board on their stomach may be a 164 thing. For others, it’s
getting on their knees or jumping up,” explains Jones. “We 165 whatever their success is. We let them
give themselves permission to have this time for themselves.”
151 ．A ．looked for B ．broke up C ．commented on D . turned to
152 ．A ．Working B ．Surfing C ．Volunteering D . Struggling
153 ．A ．board B ．beach C ．road D . chair
154 ．A ．medicine-learning B ．sight-seeing C . life-changing D ．time-killing
155 ．A ．leaving B ．visiting C ．starting D . closing
156 ．A ．recovery B ．thinking C ．aging D . cooperation
157 ．A ．pride B ．increase C ．interest D . break
158 ．A ．comfortable B ．excited C ．embarrassed D . responsible
159 ．A ．failed B ．donated C ．benefited D . suffered
160 ．A ．time B ．balance C ．housework D . stress
161 ．A ．hard B ．ridiculous C ．helpful D . shocking
162 ．A ．correcting B ．noticing C ．blaming D . attacking
163 ．A ．broader B ．cleaner C ．happier D . smarter
164 ．A ．simple B ．funny C ．dull D . big
165 ．A ．offer B ．regret C ．celebrate D . hide
12.（2023·广东 · 高三惠州一中校联考练习）
Anxious exam candidates’ problem is the run-up or preparation, not the exam itself.
Exams are always tense and worrying, especially for those of an anxious disposition. The silence of the hall; the 166 of the clock; the content expression of the person at the neighbouring desk. It therefore seems 167 surprising that those who worry about tests do systematically 168 than those who do not.
Unexpectedly, according to research in Psychological Science by Maria Theobald, it is not the pressure of the exam
which causes the problem. It is the 169 pressure.
What Dr Therobald found was that 170 on the day of the test did not predict exam performance at all. What predicted it was the level of knowledge a student 171 in the earlier learning activities and the mock (模拟) exam. Those who 172 well in these also did well in the real thing, 173 how anxious they were on the day. What actually 174 students were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. The greater a student’s anxiety in the days before the exam, the lower his or her knowledge-gain was during that period, leaving that student with less material to 175 during the exam
itself.
This is a positive discovery, for it suggests the anxious might achieve better result by adjusting their 176 when revising. Dr. Theobald notes that test-anxiety is at its worst when students have low 177 of success and at the same time know that passing the exam is 178 important. To reduce this anxiety, she proposes a 179 for students to consider as they revise. First, they can raise their belief in their own abilities by reminding themselves of just how much they know. Second, they can 180 the significance
of the test by reminding themselves that, while it is important, it is not a life or death situation. It really isn’t.
166 ．A ．clicking B ．ticking C ．dropping D ．ringing
167 ．A ．slightly B ．basically C ．hardly D ．completely
168 ．A ．worse B ．better C ．less D ．higher
169 ．A ．presentation B ．memory C ．revision D ．time
170 ．A ．atmosphere B ．expression C ．outcome D ．anxiety
171 ．A ．prepared B ．forgot C ．displayed D ．increased
172 ．A ．performed B ．responded C ．behaved D ．activated
173 ．A ．because of B ．as for C ．except for D ．regardless of
174 ．A ．took back B ．held back C ．pushed back D ．brought back
175 ．A ．record B ．review C ．recite D ．reproduce
176 ．A ．approach B ．view C ．preparation D ．material
177 ．A ．spirits B ．attitude C ．expectation D ．ideas
178 ．A ．immediately B ．anxiously C ．approximately D ．extremely
179 ．A ．theory B ．strategy C ．plan D ．decision
180 ．A ．decrease B ．enhance C ．realize D ．recognize完形填空（说明文）
1.（2023·辽宁 · 东北育才学校校考三模）
Young boys often dream of superpowers to solve their problems. It was 1933, while the country was still 1 the Great Depression, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster put their 2 down on paper. In the process, they
created the world’s most popular superhero, Superman.
Joe was the artist and sketched all the time, 3 out at newsstands absorbed in magazines, especially “Amazing Stories,” and then 4 to recreate them at home. Jerry was the storyteller. The idea of Superman 5 upon him in the middle of a sleepless summer night. When the Superman’s origin story started 6 ,
he dashed over to Joe’s place and showed it to him. Then they just sat down, and worked straight out.
As is often the case, when we experience something 7 in life, we deal with the feeling through 8 expression. Jerry’s father had died during a robbery. A young child might 9 that experience by wishing something could have 10 it. For Jerry, out came the Man of Steel, who was 11 to
bullets and protecting innocent people was his 12 .
The story of Superman has inspired kids for generations. It has 13 their fears and driven their dreams. Most 14 , the Man of Steel has inspired us all to find our superpower and use them to help others. Therefore, the next time you are inspired to 15 a friend from being bullied, or help the widow next door with your superpower smile, thank Joe and Jerry, two awkward high school kids who dreamt up
Superman—making the world a little more safe and fair.
1 ．A ．evaluating B ．undergoing C ．controlling D ．overcoming
2 ．A ．concepts B ．principles C ．ideas D ．disputes
3 ．A ．hanging B ．working C ．running D ．figuring
4 ．A ．get out B ．stand out C ．set out D ．put out
5 ．A ．struck B ．dawned C ．fell D ．occurred
6 ．A ．taking action B ．taking effect C ．taking shape D ．taking aim
7 ．A ．tiresome B ．tragic C ．memorable D ．grateful
8 ．A ．creative B ．personal C ．academic D ．skillful
9 ．A ．remember B ．commend C．judge D ．process
10 ．A ．defeated B ．predicted C ．prevented D ．supported
11 ．A ．subject B ．resistant C ．sensitive D ．accustomed
12 ．A ．responsibility B ．belief C ．command D ．contribution
13 ．A ．shared B ．confirmed C ．boosted D ．calmed
14 ．A ．unexpectedly B ．importantly C ．fortunately D ．obviously
15 ．A ．ban B ．help C ．save D ．facilitate
(
【答案】
1
．
B 2
．
C 3
．
A 4
．
C 5
．
B 6
．
C
7
．
B 8
．
A 9
．
D 10
．
C 11
．
B
12
．
A 13
．
D 14
．
B
15
．
C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了
Jerry
Siegel
和
Joe
Shuster
创造出了超人的原
因以及意义。
1
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是
1933
年，当时国家还在经历大萧条，杰里
·
西格尔和乔
·
舒斯特把
他们的
想法写在了纸上。
A. evaluating
评估；
B. undergoing
经历；
C. controlling
控制；
D.
overcoming
克服。由下文
“the Great Depression,
”
可知，
1933
年，当时国家还在经历大萧条，故选
B
。
2
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是
1933
年，当时国家还
在经历大萧条，杰里
·
西格尔和乔
·
舒斯特把他们的
想法写在了纸上。
A. concepts
概念；
B. principles
原则；
C. ideas
主意；
D.
disputes
争论。由下文
“In
the
process, they created the world’s most po
pular superhero,
Superman.(
在这个过程中，他们创造了世界上最受欢
迎的超级英雄
——
超人。
)”
可知，杰里
·
西格尔和乔
·
舒斯特创造了超人，所以说他们很有想法，由此可知，
此处指将想法写在纸上，故选
C
。
3
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乔是个艺术家，他总是在画素描，经常在报摊上看杂志，尤其是《
神奇的故
事》
，然后开始在家里重新创作。
A. hanging
悬挂；
B. working
工作；
C. running
经营；
D. figuring
认为。
由下文
“out at newsstands absorbed in magazines, especially
“Amazing
Stories,”
可知，
hang
out
固定搭配，
意为
“
消
磨时光；闲逛
”
，此处指乔在报摊上看杂志来消磨时光，故选
A
。
4
．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：乔是个艺术家，他总是在画素描，经常在
报摊上看杂志，尤其是《神奇
的故事》
，然后开始在家里重新创作。
A. get out
出去；
B. stand out
突出；
C.
set ou
t
出发；
D.
put
out
熄灭。
由下文
“to recreate them at home.”
可知，乔在报摊上看完杂
志后，开始重新在家里创作，故选
C
。
5
．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 在一个无眠的夏夜，他突然想到了超人。
A. struck
击打；
B. dawned
变得明
朗；开始清楚；
C. fell
落下；
D
. occurred
发生。由下文
“upon him in the
middle
of
a
sleepless
summer night.”
可
)
知，他突然想到了超人， dawn upon sb. 固定搭配，意为“ 突然想到了”故选 B。
6．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当超人的起源故事开始形成， 他冲到乔的地方， 并显示给他。A. taking action 采取行动；B. taking effect 生效；C. taking shape 形成；D. taking aim 瞄准。由下文“he dashed over to Joe’s place
and showed it to him.”可知，在超人的起源故事开始形成后，他展示给乔，故选 C。
7 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，当我们经历生活中的悲剧时，我们通过创造性的表达来处理 这种感觉。 A. tiresome 令人厌烦的； B. tragic 悲惨的； C. memorable 难忘的； D. grateful 感恩的。由第一段
提到的当时国家经历大萧条可知，此处指生活是悲惨的，故选 B。
8 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，当我们经历生活中的悲剧时，我们通过创造性的表达来处理 这种感情。 A. creative 有创造力的； B. personal 个人的； C. academic 学术的； D. skillful 熟练的。根据第一 段中“In the process, they created the world’s most popular superhero, Superman.”可知，Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster
创造了超人，由此可知，此处指通过创造性的表达来处理悲痛的感情，故选 A。
9 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个年幼的孩子可能希望某些事情可以阻止这种经历，以此来消化自己这种
（悲痛）经历。 A. remember 记住； B. commend 赞扬； C. judge 评判； D. process 加工；处理。由上文
“Jerry’s father had died during a robbery.”和“we deal with the feeling”指出 Jerry 的父亲在一次抢劫中丧生，所 以作为孩子， Jerry 通过设计超级英雄的人物来阻止这类事情发生，这是他处理自己这种悲痛经历的方法，
此处 process 和 deal with 同义，故选 D。
10 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 一个年幼的孩子可能希望某些事情可以阻止这种经历，以此来消化自己这 种（悲痛） 经历。A. defeated 打败；B. predicted 预测；C. prevented 预防；D supported 支持。由上文“by wishing
something could have”可知， Jerry 设计超级英雄是希望可以阻止一些悲惨事情的发生，故选 C。
11 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于杰瑞来说，钢铁侠出现了，他能抵御子弹，保护无辜的人是他的责 任。 A. subject 隶属的； B. resistant 抵制的； C. sensitive 敏感的； D. accustomed 习惯的。由下文“bullets and
protecting innocent people”和常识可知，钢铁侠能抵御子弹，故选 B。
12 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于杰瑞来说，钢铁侠出现了，他能抵御子弹，保护无辜的人是他的责任。 A. responsibility 责任；B. belief 不信任；C. command 命令；D. contribution 贡献。由上文“protecting innocent
people was his”可知，保护无辜的人是钢铁侠的责任。故选 A。
13 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它平息了他们的恐惧，激励了他们的梦想。 A. shared 分享；B. confirmed 确
认； C. boosted 增加； D. calmed 使平静下来；平息。由上文“The story of Superman has inspired kids for
generations.”和下文“their fears”可知，超人能平息孩子的恐惧，故选 D。
14 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意： 最重要的是，钢铁侠激励了我们所有人去发现我们的超能力并用它们来帮
(
助他人。
A. unexpectedly
无法预料地
；
B. importantly
重要地；
C. fortunately
幸运的是；
D. obviously
显然地。
由下文
“the Man of Steel has inspired us all to find our
superpower
and use
them
to help
others.”
可知，
上文提到
了
超人能平息孩子的恐惧，此处是更进一步说钢铁侠的作用，所以应用更重要的是，为
more importan
tly
，故
选
B
。
15
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，下一次当你受到鼓舞，想要拯救朋友免受欺凌，或
者想要用你超能
力的微笑帮助隔壁的寡妇时，要感谢乔和杰瑞，他们是两个笨拙的高中生，他们
想出了超人
——
让世界变
得更安全和公平一点。
A. ban
禁止；
B. help
帮助；
C. save
节省；
D. facilitate
促进。由下文
“a
friend
f
rom being
bullied”
可知，此处指拯救朋友免受欺凌，故选
C
。
)
2.（2023·山东淄博 · 统考三模）
ChatGPT has been everywhere for the last few months. It raises 16 about their impact on everything
happening in our society.
ChatGPT is a natural language processing tool 17 by AI technology that allows you to have human-like 18 and much more. The language model can answer questions and 19 you with tasks,
such as composing emails, essays, and code.
The 20 to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions is why it became the fastest-growing app of all time, 21 100 million users in only two months. The fact that it can also 22 essays, articles, and poetry has only 23 its appeal. It is also equally 24 at coding and productivity tasks. For the former, its ability to 25 code from natural speech makes it a powerful partner for both new
and 26 coders.
Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has 27 . Such restrictions include the inability to answer questions that are worded in a 28 way, as it requires rewording to understand the input question. A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the 29 it delivers. Another major limitation is that its data is limited up to 2021. The chat robot does not have any 30 of events or news that have occurred since then.
Lastly, ChatGPT does not provide sources for its responses.
16 ．A ．requests B ．concerns C ．emotions D ．doubts
17 ．A ．driven B ．followed C ．inspired D ．entertained
18 ．A ．conflicts B ．challenges C ．interests D ．conversations
19 ．A ．manage B ．control C ．assist D ．accompany
20 ．A ．ability B ．chance C ．responsibility D ．purpose
21 ．A . consulting B . reaching C ．introducing D . counting
22 ．A . cause B . return C ．exist D . generate
23 ．A . added to B . connected to C ．devoted to D . owed to
24 ．A . determined B . equipped C ．talented D . alarmed
25 ．A . save B . create C ．choose D . describe
26 ．A . cautious B . untrained C ．familiar D . experienced
27 ．A . limitations B . possibilities C ．requirements D . advantages
28 ．A . right B . suitable C ．specific D . natural
29 ．A . approaches B . responses C ．contribution D . sensitivity
30 ．A . notice B . question C ．feeling D . awareness
(
【答案】
16
．
B 17
．
A 18
．
D 19
．
C
20
．
A 21
．
B 22
．
D 23
．
A 24
．
C 25
．
B
26
．
D 27
．
A
28
．
C 29
．
B 30
．
D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了
ChatGPT
拥有强大的语言处理能力，可以与我们
开展对话，协助
我们处理很多事务，但也有其局限，在理解特定方式的问题、回复质量和数据更新等方面存在问题。
16
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这引起了人们对它们会影响我们社会中发生的一
切的担忧。
A. requests
请求；
B. concerns
担忧；
C. emotions
情绪；
D.
doubts
怀疑。根据下文
“their
impact
on
everything happening
in
our
society”
和常识可推知，对于会影响我们社会中发生的一切的事物，我们应该会有担忧。故选
B
。
17
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：
ChatGPT
是一款由人工智
能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，允许你进行类
似人类的对话等等。
A. driven
驱动；
B. followed
跟随；
C. inspired
启发；
D.
entertained
使有兴趣。根据下文
“
by
AI
technology
”
和常识可推知，应该是人工智能技术驱动自然语言的处
理。故选
A
。
18
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：
ChatGPT
是一款由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言
处理工具，允许你进行类
似人类的对话等等。
A. conflicts
冲突；
B. challenges
挑战；
C.
interests
利益；
D.
conversa
tions
对话。根据下
文
“The language model can answer questions”
可知，
ChatGPT
可以回答用户的问题，
所以
应该是允许用户进行
类似人类的对话。故选
D
。
19
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个语言模型可以回答问题并帮助你完成任务，例如编写
电子邮件、论文
和代码。
A. manage
管理；
B. control
控制；
C.
assist
协助；
D.
accompany
陪伴。根据上文
“a natural
language
processing tool”
和下文
“such as composing emails, essays, and code”
可推知
，在这些任务上
ChatGPT
作为自然
语言处理工具，可以为我们提供协助。故选
C
。
)
20 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它能够对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么它成为有史以来 增长最快的应用程序，在短短两个月内就达到了 1 亿用户。 A. ability 能力；B. chance 机会；C. responsibility 责任；D. purpose 目的。根据下文“to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions”可推知，
这应该是 ChatGPT 具有的能力。故选 A。
21 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它能够对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么它成为有史以来 增长最快的应用程序， 在短短两个月内就达到了 1 亿用户。A. consulting 咨询；B. reaching 达到；C. introducing 介绍；D. counting 计数。根据上文“became the fastest-growing app of all time”可知， ChatGPT 成为有史以来增
长最快的应用程序，所以应该是达到了 1 亿用户。故选 B。
22 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸引力。A. cause 引起； B. return 返回；C. exist 存在；D. generate 生成。根据上文“composing emails, essays, and code”可推知， ChatGPT
可以生成散文、文章和诗歌。故选 D。
23 ．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸引力。 A. added to 增加；B. connected to 连接；C. devoted to 致力于；D. owed to 欠。根据下文“its appeal”可推知，这些能力会
增加 ChatGPT 的吸引力。故选 A。
24 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它在写代码和生产力任务方面也同样表现出色。 A. determined 坚定的；
B. equipped 装备齐全的； C. talented 有才能的； D. alarmed 惊慌的。根据下文“makes it a powerful partner”可 知，ChatGPT 是强大的伙伴，所以应该是在写代码和生产力任务方面表现出色，be talented in 是固定短语，
意为“在……方面表现出色，在……方面有才能” 。故选 C。
25 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新手和经验丰富的程 序员的强大合作伙伴。 A. save 保存；B. create 创造；C. choose 选择；D. describe 描述。根据上文“coding”可
知， ChatGPT 会写代码，所以应该是从自然语音中创造代码。故选 B。
26 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新手和经验丰富的 程序员的强大合作伙伴。 A. cautious 谨慎的；B. untrained 未经训练的；C. familiar 熟悉的；D. experienced 有 经验的。根据上文“both new and”可推知，应该是对新手和经验丰富的程序员来说， ChatGPT 都是强大的合
作伙伴。故选 D。
27 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管看起来非常令人印象深刻，但 ChatGPT 仍然有局限。 A. limitations 局 限； B. possibilities 可能性； C. requirements 要求； D. advantages 优势。根据下文“Such restrictions”可知，此
处在讨论 ChatGPT 的局限。故选 A。
28 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些局限包括无法回答以特定方式措辞的问题，因为需要重新措辞它才
(
能理解输入的问题。
A. right
正确的；
B.
su
itable
合适的；
C.
specific
特定的；
D. natural
自然的。根据下文
“as it
requires rewording to understand the
input question”
可知，
ChatGPT
需要重新措辞才能理解输入的问题，所以
应该是不能回答一些特定方式措辞的问题。故选
C
。
29
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个更大的限制是它提供的回复没有质量。
A. approach
es
方法；
B. responses
回应；
C.
contribution
贡献；
D.
sensitivity
敏感性。根据上文
“The language mod
el
can
answer questions”
可知，
ChatGPT
会对用户的问题做出回答，所以应该是提供的回复
没有质量。故选
B
。
30
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：聊天机器人不了解此后发生的事件或新闻。
A. notice
通知；
B. question
问题；
C. feeling
感觉；
D. awareness
意识。根据上文
“Another major limitation is that
its
data
is
limited up to
2021.”
可
知，
ChatGPT
的数据只更新到
2021
年，所以应该是不了解
2021
年之后的事情，
have awareness of
sth.
意
为
“
了
解
……”
。故选
D
。
)
3.（2023·重庆市万州第二高级中学校考三模）
When it came to moral reasoning, we like to think our views on right and wrong are rational. But ultimately they are grounded in emotion. Philosophers have argued over this claim for a quarter of a millennium without 31 . Time’s up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter. Though reason
can shape moral judgment, emotion is often 32 .
Harvard psychologist Joshua Greene does brainscans of people as they study the so-called trolley problem. Suppose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will die unless you pull a lever ( 杠杆) that pushes it onto another track where, 33 , lies one person who will die instead. An easy call, most people
say: 34 the loss of life — a “utilitarian” (实用主义的) goal, as philosophers put it — is the thing to do.
But suppose the only way to save the five people is to push someone else onto the track — a bystander whose body will bring the trolley to a stop before it hits the others. It’s still a one-for-five 35 , and you still initiate the action that dooms the one. 36 , now you are more directly involved; most people say it would be wrong to do this trade-off. Why According to Greene’s brain scans, the second situation more thoroughly excites parts of the brain linked to 37 than does the lever-pulling situation. Apparently, the intuitive hesitation of giving someone a deadly push is more 38 than the hesitation of a deadly lever pull. Further studies suggest that in both cases the emotional concerns 39 control with more rational parts of the brain. In the second situation, the emotions are usually strong enough to win. And when they lose, it is only after a tough 40 process. The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach
their decision. So too with people who approve of smothering ( 闷 死) a crying baby rather than catching the
attention of enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other 41 . Greene explains that our intuitive dislike to the killing of an innocent gradually evolved to become especially sensitive to visions of direct
physical attack.
Princeton philosopher Peter Singer argues that we should 42 our moral intuitions (本能) and ask whether they deserve respect in the first place. Why obey moral impulses that evolved to serve the “ 43 gene” — such as sympathy that moves toward relatives and friends Why not worry more about people an ocean away whose suffering we could 44 relieve Isn’t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to
keep your 90-year-old father on life support In the absence of a tough decision-making process, reason may indeed
be a(n) “ 45 of the passions” .
31 ．A ．comprehensionB . hesitation C . resolution D . permission
32 ．A ．reliable B . invisible C . impressive D . decisive
33 ．A ．unfortunately B . obviously C . surprisingly D . inevitably
34 ．A ．regretting B . minimizing C . justifying D . estimating
35 ．A ．struggle B . deal C . loss D . mistake
36 ．A ．Likewise B . However C . Therefore D . Moreover
37 ．A ．memory B . reason C . emotion D . sensory
38 ．A ．enduring B . obvious C . acceptable D . intense
39 ．A ．compete for e from C . take over D . engage in
40 ．A ．self-reflecting B . decision-making C . problem-solving D . attention-calling
41 ．A ．innocents B . hostages C . relatives D . soldiers
42 ．A ．trust B . apply C . examine D . ignore
43 ．A ．superior B . stubborn C . caring D . selfish
44 ．A ．willingly B . collectively C . deliberately D . cheaply
45 ．A ．master B . advocate C . slave D . protester
(
【答案】
31
．
C 32
．
D 33
．
A 34
．
B 35
．
B 36
．
B 37
．
C 38
．
D 39
．
A
40
．
B
41
．
A 42
．
C 43
．
D 44
．
D 45
．
C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍当涉及道德推理时，我们喜欢认为我们对是非的看法是理性的，但
实际上它们是基于情感的，科学家们通过脑部扫描证实了
这一结论。
)
31 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哲学家们对这一说法争论了 250 年，但没有得出结论。 A. comprehension 理 解；B. hesitation 犹豫；C. resolution 解决；D. permission 允许。根据下文“Time’s up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter.”可知，现在借助脑部扫描的科学家正在解决这一问题，所以
之前哲学家们争论了很久但没有得出结论。故选 C。
32 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然理性可以影响道德判断，但情感往往是决定性的。 A. reliable 可靠的； B. invisible 看不见的；C. impressive 令人印象深刻的；D. decisive 决定性的。根据上文“Though reason can shape moral judgment”可知， 此处表达语义的转折， 虽然理性可以影响道德判断， 但是情感应该是更有决定性。故
选 D。
33 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：假设一辆电车沿着轨道朝五个人驶去，除非你拉动杠杆把它推到另一条轨 道上，不幸的是，另一条轨道上躺着一个会死的人。A. unfortunately 不幸地；B. obviously 显然地；C. surprisingly 令人惊讶地；D. inevitably 不可避免地。根据空后“lies one person who will die instead”可知，另一条轨道上会
有因此而必死的人，所以是不幸的。故选 A。
34 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数人说，这是一个简单的号召：把生命的损失降到最低——正如哲学 家们所说的，这是一个“功利主义” 的目标。 A. regretting 后悔；B. minimizing 最小化；C. justifying 对……作 出解释；D. estimating 评估。根据上文一换五的抉择和下文“a “utilitarian” (实用主义的) goal”可知，此处表达 在这样的困境下，去做实用主义的决定，即把生命的损失降低到最低，决定用一个人的死亡换五个人的生
命。故选 B。
35 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这仍然是一换五的交易，你仍然发起了令另一个人死亡的行动。 A. struggle 斗争； B. deal 交易； C. loss 失去； D. mistake 错误。根据下文“to do this trade-off”可知，此处表达把一个旁
观者推向轨道，换来五个人的生命，还是一个一换五的交易。故选 B。
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，现在你更直接地参与其中；大多数人认为这种权衡是错误的。A. Likewise
相似地； B. However 但是； C. Therefore 因此； D. Moreover 此外。根据空后“now you are more directly involved”可知，此处是在和上一段的困境进行比较，突显现在的困境的不同，强调语义的转折，所以
However“但是”符合语境。故选 B。
37 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据 Greene 的脑部扫描，第二种情况比拉动杠杆的情况更能激发大脑中与 情感相关的部分。 A. memory 记忆；B. reason 理性；C. emotion 情感；D. sensory 感官。根据下文“the emotional
concerns”可知，此处表达第二种情况下人们的决策不同，是因为这种情况与情感更相关。故选 C。
38 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，给某人致命一推时，直觉上的犹豫比致命一拉杠杆时的犹豫更强
烈。A. enduring 持久的；B. obvious 明显的；C. acceptable 可接受的；D. intense 强烈的。根据上文“giving someone
a deadly push”和下文“the hesitation of a deadly lever pull”，并结合常识可知， 推一个人去死和不拉动杠杆让一
个人死相比，更令人愧疚，所以引起的犹豫会更强烈。故选 D。
39 ．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：进一步的研究表明，在这两种情况下，情感上的担忧在与大脑中更理 性的部分争夺控制权。 A. compete for 争夺；B. come from 来自；C. take over 接管；D. engage in 参与。根据 下文“In the second situation, the emotions are usually strong enough to win.”可推知，此处表达情感和理性在大
脑中争取控制权。故选 A。
40 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而当它们失败时，也只是经过了艰难的决策过程。 A. self-reflecting 自我 反思的； B. decision-making 决策的； C. problem-solving 解决问题的； D. attention-calling 引起注意的。根据 下文“take longer to reach their decision”可推知， 此处表达情感败给理性的情况下， 是经历了一个艰难的决策
过程的。故选 B。
41 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些赞成闷死哭泣的婴儿而不是引起敌军注意的人也是如此，敌军会杀死 婴儿和其他无辜的人。 A. innocents 无辜的人；B. hostages 人质；C. relatives 亲戚；D. soldiers 士兵。根据空 前“enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other”可推知，敌军会杀死婴儿以及和婴儿一样无辜
的人。故选 A。
42 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：普林斯顿大学哲学家 Peter Singer 认为，我们应该审视自己的道德直觉，首 先问问它们是否值得尊重。A. trust 信任；B. apply 运用；C. examine 审视；D. ignore 忽视。根据下文“ask whether they deserve respect in the first place”可知， 哲学家 Peter Singer 质疑我们的道德直觉， 所以是觉得我们应该审
视它。故选 C。
43 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么要服从那些为“ 自私基因”服务的道德冲动—— 比如对亲友的同情？ A. superior 更好的；B. stubborn 固执的；C. caring 体贴的；D. selfish 自私的。根据下文“sympathy that moves toward relatives and friends”可知， 这种道德冲动会让我们偏向与自己更亲近的亲友， 所以应该是自私的基因。
故选 D。
44 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为什么不更多地担心大洋彼岸的人们呢？我们可以低廉地减轻他们的痛苦。 A. willingly 愿意地； B. collectively 集体地； C. deliberately 故意地； D. cheaply 低廉地。根据下文“to save 10
starving African babies”可知，解决这些非洲婴儿的饥饿问题的花费应该是比较低廉的。故选 D。
45 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在缺乏艰难决策过程的情况下，理性可能确实是“激情的奴隶” 。A. master 主人；B. advocate 拥护者；C. slave 奴隶；D. protester 抗议者。根据上文“And when they lose, it is only after a tough 10 process.”可知， 在有艰难决策过程的情况下， 情感会输给理性， 所以艰难决策缺席的时候，
理性会输给情感，成为激情的奴隶。故选 C。
4.（2023·安徽 · 合肥市第八中学校考模拟预测）
Students at an elementary school in California, with the help of their art teacher, created a telephone hotline that people can call to get 46 advice from kids during difficult times. In just days, the hotline began
getting thousands of calls an hour.
Jessica Martin, who teaches art at West Side School in Healdsburg, California, 47 her students just might have the magic words needed to bring 48 to people in these difficult times. “To hear the pure
49 from kids is extremely comforting,” she says.
The project was called “PepToc”. Actually, they called it “Pep Talk” (鼓励话语) first.. But when Ms. Martin’s 6-year-old son drew an advertisement for the hotline and 50 it “PepToc”, they 51 they liked
that even better.
The hotline is 52 in English and Spanish. It offers the happy voices of 53 of different ages sharing positive messages. For example, by pressing 3, you can 54 a group of kindergartners saying together, “You can do it! Keep trying! Don’t give up!” Pressing 4 55 the sounds of children giggling and laughing—a sound certain to bring a 56 to anyone’s face. Pressing 1 57 ideas for people who are “feeling mad, frustrated, or 58 ” Helpful suggestions include “punch your pillow”, or “go get a cookie”. Pressing2 results in “words of 59 and life advice”. This includes messages like
“The 60 is a better place with you in it.”
46 ．A ．reasonable B ．rare C ．mysterious D ．cheerful
47 ．A ．thought B ．complained C ．declared D ．insisted
48 ．A ．wealth B ．attention C ．calm D ．luck
49 ．A ．comment B．joy C ．praise D ．mind
50 ．A ．pronounced B ．typed C ．spelled D ．drew
51 ．A ．decided B ．learned C ．changed D ．assumed
52 ．A ．spoken B ．memorable C ．popular D ．available
53 ．A ．callers B ．children C ．artists D ．operators
54 ．A ．witness B ．suggest C ．catch D ．hear
55 ．A ．generates B ．records C ．analyzes D ．breaks
56 ．A ．mark B ．wrinkle C ．smile D ．tear
57 ．A ．brings up B ．laughs at C ．gives away D ．turn to
58 ．A ．distracted B ．content C ．peaceful D ．nervous
59 ．A ．management B ．encouragement C．judgement D ．argument
60 ．A ．hotline B ．world C ．school D ．street
【答案】
46 ．D 47 ．A 48 ．C 49 ．B 50 ．C 51 ．A 52 ．D 53 ．B 54 ．D 55 ．A
56 ．C 57 ．A 58 ．D 59 ．B 60 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了加利福尼亚州一所小学的学生在艺术老师的帮助下创建的一条电话热线，
给人们带来了开心和鼓励。
46 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：加利福尼亚州一所小学的学生在艺术老师的帮助下创建了一条电话热线， 人们可以在困难时期拨打该热线，从孩子们那里获得愉快的建议。 A. reasonable 合理的；B. rare 罕见的；C. mysterious 神秘的；D. cheerful 高兴的。下文“during difficult times (在困难时期)”指出是在困难时期寻求建议，
应该是要寻求积极向上，令人开心的建议。故选 D 项。
47 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡 · 马丁在加利福尼亚州希尔兹堡的西区学校教授艺术，她认为她的学 生可能会掌握在这些困难时期给人们带来平静所需的神奇词汇。 A. thought 认为； B. complained 抱怨； C.
declared 宣称； D. insisted 坚持。上文“Students at an elementary school in California, with the help of their art
teacher, created a telephone hotline (加利福尼亚州一所小学的学生在艺术老师的帮助下创建了一条电话热线)”
指出，学生们创建电话热线电话是在老师的帮助之下，因此可推测老师肯定认为这一通热线是有意义的。
故选 A 项。
48 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡 · 马丁在加利福尼亚州希尔兹堡的西区学校教授艺术，她认为她的学 生可能会掌握在这些困难时期给人们带来平静所需的神奇词汇。 A. wealth 财富；B. attention 注意力；C. calm 平静； D. luck 运气。下文“To hear the pure… from kids is extremely comforting, (从孩子们那里听到纯粹的 … 是非常令人欣慰的， )”指出拨打热线会让人感到舒服， 即它给予人们的是心情上好的转变， 变得平静属于此
类。故选 C 项。
49 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意： “从孩子们那里听到纯粹的快乐是非常令人欣慰的， ”她说。 A. comment 评 论； B. joy 愉悦，快乐； C. praise 表扬； D. mind 思想。下文“It offers the happy voices… (它提供了快乐的声
音 …)”指出该热线提供快乐的声音，故能带给人愉悦。故选 B 项。
50 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当马丁 6 岁的儿子为热线画一个广告时，并拼写为“PepToc”时，他们决 定更喜欢这个。 A. pronounced 宣布；B. typed 打字；C. spelled 拼写；D. drew 画。上文“Actually, they called it
“Pep Talk” (鼓励话语) first. (事实上， 他们首先称之为“鼓励话语”。)”指出， 最初该热线是另一个名字， 和老
师的儿子提供了存在字母上的差异，可推测这是老师 6 岁的儿子把单词拼写错了。故选 C 项。
51 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当马丁 6 岁的儿子为热线画一个广告时，并拼写为“PepToc”时，他们决 定更喜欢这个。A. decided 决定；B. learned 学习；C. changed 改变；D. assumed 认为。上文“The project was called “PepToc”. (该项目被称为“PepToc”)”指出，该热线的名字为“PepToc”，是由最初的名字改过来的，故表明在
得到“PepToc”这个，名字之后，他们决定选择后者而不是最初的名字。故选 A 项。
52 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：热线电话有英文和西班牙文两种版本。 A. spoken 口头的； B. memorable 值得纪念的； C. popular 流行的； D. available 可用的。下文“in English and Spanish (用英文和西班牙文打电
话)”指出，该热线可以通过两种语言拨打，故通过这两种语言都能用该热线。故选 D 项。
53 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它提供不同年龄段的儿童快乐的声音，分享积极的信息。A. callers 呼叫者； B. children 孩子；C. artists 艺术家；D. operators 操作员。上文“Students at an elementary school in California, with the help of their art teacher, created a telephone hotline that people can call to get cheerful advice from kids during difficult times. (加利福尼亚州一所小学的学生在艺术老师的帮助下创建了一条电话热线， 人们可以在困难时 期拨打该热线， 从孩子们那里获得愉快的建议。)”指出， 该热线是小学生创建的， 因此听到的声音肯定是孩
子们的。故选 B 项。
54 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，按 3，你可以听到一群幼儿园的孩子一起说： “你能行！继续努力！ 不要放弃！ ”A. witness 目击；B. suggest 建议；C. catch 抓住；D. hear 听见。上文““To hear the pure joy from kids is extremely comforting,” she says. (“从孩子们那里听到纯粹的快乐是非常令人欣慰的， ”她说。 )”指出，拨打
热线能够听到孩子们的快乐。故选 D 项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：按 4，会产生孩子们咯咯笑的声音——这种声音肯定会让任何人都会心一笑。 A. generates 产生；B. records 记录；C. analyzes 分析；D. breaks 打破。上文“It offers the happy voices of children of different ages sharing positive messages. (它提供不同年龄段的儿童快乐的声音，分享积极的信息。)”指出， 只要拨打热线，就能听到不同的儿童快乐的声音，故此处肯定指的是按下 3 热线那头就传来笑声，即有笑
声产生。故选 A 项。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：按 4，会产生孩子们咯咯笑的声音——这种声音肯定会让任何人都会心一笑。 A. mark 记号；B. wrinkle 皱纹；C. smile 微笑；D. tear 眼泪。上文““To hear the pure joy from kids is extremely comforting,” she says. (“从孩子们那里听到纯粹的快乐是非常令人欣慰的，”她说。)”指出拨打热线让人舒服，
故听到孩子们的笑声，任何人的脸上会出现跟笑声一样的笑容。故选 C 项。
57．考查动词词组辨析。句意：按 1，会给那些“感到精神错乱、沮丧或紧张” 的人带来一些想法。A. brings up
调出， 带来；B. laughs at 嘲笑；C. gives away 泄露；D. turn to 向 …求助。下文“Helpful suggestions include “punch
(
your pillow”, or “go get a cookie”. (
有用的建议包括
“
打枕头
”
或
“
去拿饼干
”
。
)”
指出按
1
能收到一些建议，故
这些建议是按
1
这个动作带来的。故选
A
项。
58
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：按
1
，会给那些
“
感到精神错乱、沮丧或紧张
”
的人带来一些想
法。
A. distracted
思想不集中的；
B. content
满意的；
C. peaceful
平和的
；
D. nervous
紧张的。上文
“feeling mad, frustrated,
or
(
感
到精神错乱、沮丧或
)”
指出按
1
的人是精神错乱或者沮丧的人，
因此空格处的用于表明人的状况的词也和这
两个词一样指出精神状态的问题，故
nervous
符合语境。故选
D
项。
59
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：按
2
，会得到
“
鼓励和生活建议的话语
”
。
A. management
管理；
B. encouragement
鼓励；
C.
judgement
判断；
D. argument
争论。下文
“The… is a better place with you in
it.
(
有你在，
…
会变得更
美好。
)”
对拨打热线的人给予了表扬，这是一种鼓励。故选
B
项。
60
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括诸如
“
有你在，世界会变得更美好。
”
之类的信息。
A. hotline
热线；
B. world
世界；
C. school
学校；
D. street
街道。上文
“Students
at
an
elementary
sch
ool
in
California, with the
help
of
their art teacher, created a telephone hotline that people can call to
get
cheerful
a
dvice
from kids
during
difficult
times. (
加利福尼亚州一所小学的学生在艺术老师的帮助下创建了一条电话热线，肯定是正对社会上各行各
业的人， 因此地点范围不应该局限在学校或者小地
方， 而是告诉人们整个世界都因为他们变得更好。故选
B
项。
)
5.（2023·浙江绍兴 · 统考模拟预测）
Wearing a caveman mask (面具), Dr. Marzluff walks across the camp at the university. Crows (乌鸦) circle
and scream. They dive at him and then suddenly fly away.
Beneath the mask，he smiles. Days before, he and his students had 61 cavemen masks caught crows
and 62 plastic bands on to their legs. Then they released the 63 birds.
“We always knew crows 64 us, but could we show it ” says Dr. Marzluff, a professor known
affectionately as the Crowman.
When the researchers walked around campus without masks, the crows they had caught and banded didn’t 65 to them. But when the 66 humans walked by while wearing the masks, the crows scolded (责骂)
loudly and dived at their “ 67 ”. The birds had remembered their 68 !
“Crows are constantly 69 us,” Dr. Marzluff says. “They look, they think, they eyeball you,
70 the situation.”
At first, only the banded birds reacted 71 to the people in masks. But in later tests, an increasing
number of crows began scolding them, even when the banded birds were not around. The birds had 72
from one another. Dr. Marzluffand his team followed banded crows for a year and 73 that adults even
pass this information to their 74 .
Dr. Marzluff’s experiments led him to study how crows’ 75 work.
61 ．A ．picked out B ．put on C ．searched for D ．taken off
62 ．A ．dropped B ．stepped C ．pressed D ．tied
63 ．A ．unhappy B ．beautiful C ．black D ．rare
64 ．A ．hate B ．attack C ．recognize D ．contact
65 ．A ．wave B ．react C ．reply D ．turn
66 ．A ．friendly B ．unkind C ．different D ．same
67 ．A ．enemies B ．professors C ．owners D ．followers
68 ．A ．clothes B ．faces C ．organs D ．figures
69 ．A ．expecting B ．admiring C ．watching D ．tolerating
70 ．A ．estimating B ．changing C ．restoring D ．worsening
71 ．A ．rigidly B ．automatically C ．abnormally D ．threateningly
72 ．A ．resulted B ．heard C ．learned D ．benefited
73 ．A ．promised B ．identified C ．denied D ．clarified
74 ．A ．young B ．neighbor C ．partners D ．opponents
75 ．A ．wings B ．noses C ．legs D ．brains
(
【答案】
61
．
B 62
．
D 63
．
A 64
．
C 65
．
B 66
．
D 67
．
A 68
．
B 69
．
C
70
．
A
71
．
D
72
．
C
73
．
B
74
．
A
75
．
D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了
Marzluff
博士和他的团队研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。他 们将乌鸦的腿绑上塑料带子，然后放了乌鸦，同时对捆绑的乌鸦进行跟踪，发现乌
鸦能认出他们的脸，同
时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼乌鸦。
61
．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几天前，他和他的学生们戴上了山顶洞人的面具，抓住了乌鸦，并在他们
的腿上绑上了塑料带子。
A. picked out
挑选出；
B. put
on
穿上；
C.
searched
for
搜寻；
D.
taken
off
脱下。由
上文
“Wearing a caveman mask(
面具
)”
可知，此处指戴上面具，故选
B
。
62
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天前，他和他的学生们戴上了山顶洞人的面具，抓住了乌鸦，并在它们
的腿上绑上了塑料带。
A. dropped
掉
落；
B. stepped
迈；
C. pressed
按压；
D. tied
系上。由下文
“the
crows they
)
had caught and banded(他们之前抓住并捆绑的乌鸦)”可知，在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带子，故选 D。
63 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后他们放了这些不开心的鸟。 A. unhappy 不高兴的；B. beautiful 漂亮的；
C. black 黑色的； D. rare 稀少的。由上文“caught crows”可知，乌鸦被捕所以不开心，故选 A。
64 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们一直知道乌鸦能认出我们，但我们能表现出来吗？”Marzluff 博士说， 他是一位被亲切地称为 Crowman 的教授。A. hate 讨厌；B. attack 攻击；C. recognize 识别；D. contact 联系。 由下文“the crows scolded (责骂) loudly”和实验内容可知， 研究人员戴上面具在乌鸦腿上绑上塑料带子， 然后
将它们放了，之后戴上面具后，发现乌鸦攻击他们，这说明乌鸦能认出他们，故选 C。
65 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当研究人员不戴口罩在校园里走动时，他们之前抓住并捆绑的乌鸦没有反 应。 A. wave 挥舞； B. react 反应； C. reply 回复； D. turn 转弯。由下文“to them”可知，此处指乌鸦没有任何
反应， react to 固定搭配，意为“对…… 的反应” ，故选 B。
66 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，并向它们的“敌人” 俯冲下去。A. friendly 友好的；B. unkind 不友善的；C. different 不同的；D. same 同样的。由下文“humans walked
by while wearing the masks”和常识可知，为了保证实验的可信性，应是同一批人戴着面具走过，故选 D。
67 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，并向它们的“敌人”俯 冲下去。A. enemies 敌人；B. professors 教授；C. owners 主人；D. followers 追随者。由下文“the crows scolded(责 骂) loudly and dived at their”和上文提到的研究者捆绑乌鸦可知， 乌鸦把他们当成敌人， 在认出他们之后去攻
击他们，故选 A。
68 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鸟儿们记得他们的脸。 A. clothes 衣服；B. faces 脸；C. organs 器官；D. figures
人物。由下文“They look, they think, they eyeball you”可知，乌鸦能记住敌人的脸。故选 B。
69 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意： “乌鸦一直在观察我们， ”Marzluff 博士说。 A. expecting 期盼； B. admiring
钦佩； C. watching 观看； D. tolerating 忍受。由下文“They look”可知，乌鸦一直在观察他们，故选 C。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在看、在思考、在观察你， 然后估计形势。A. estimating 估计；B. changing 改变；C. restoring 恢复；D. worsening 变坏。由上文“They look, they think, they eyeball you,”和下文“situation”
可知，乌鸦观察他们是为了估计形势，去攻击他们，故选 A。
71 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，只有被捆绑的鸟对戴面具的人有威胁性的反应。 A. rigidly 严格地；
B. automatically 主动地； C. abnormally 不正常地； D. threateningly 威胁地。由下文“But in later tests, a(an)
increasing number of crows began scolding them,”可知， 乌鸦攻击他们， 对他们产生有威胁性的行为， 故选 D 。 72 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乌鸦们互相得知（信息）。A. resulted 导致；B. heard 听到；C. learned 学习；
得知； D. benefited 使受益。由下文“pass this information”可知，乌鸦们从同伴那里得知一些信息，故选 C。
(
73
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：
Marzluff
博士和他的团队对捆绑的乌鸦进行了一年的跟踪研究，发现成年乌
鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。
A. promised
承诺；
B. identified
发现；
C. denied
否认；
D.
clar
ified
澄清。
由上文
“Dr. Marzluffand his team fo
llowed banded crows for a year”
和下文
“that
adults
even pass
this
information
to
their”
可知，
Marzluff
博士和他的团队研究发现了乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽，故选
B
。
74
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：
Marzluff
博士和他的团队对捆绑的乌鸦进行了一年的跟踪研究，发现成年乌
鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼乌鸦。
A. young
幼崽；
B. neighbor
邻居；
C. part
ners
伙伴；
D. opponents
对手。
由上文
“adults even pass this informatio
n to their”
可知，成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给年幼的乌鸦，故选
A
。
75
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：
Marzluff
博士的实验让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。
A. wing
s
翅膀；
B. noses
鼻子；
C. legs
腿；
D. brains
大脑。由上文讲到的乌鸦能认出它们的敌人可
知，
Marzluff
博士的实验
让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。故选
D
。
)
6.（2023·安徽 · 校联考模拟预测）
As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 76 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a 77 at
the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 78 experiments. “The first 79 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained. “After several generations of 80 and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we 81 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n)
82 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new 83 should produce high yields, have stable production, and 84 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ 85 , it also should be accepted by the
market.”
Zhang added that the team 86 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All year round they
were busy with 87 experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is 88 and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not
89 . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find 90 on the land,” she said.
76 ．A ．advertising B ．cultivating C ．discussing D ．observing
77 ．A．journalist B ．teacher C ．researcher D . manager
78 ．A ．precise B ．efficient C ．simple D . expensive
79 ．A ．way B ．attempt C ．step D . question
80 ．A ．encouragementB ．support C ．management D . trial
81 ．A ．begin B ．continue C ．follow D . repeat
82 ．A ．practice B ．application C ．declaration D . invitation
83 ．A ．environment B ．machine C ．farmland D . variety
84 ．A ．produce B ．enhance C ．show D . develop
85 ．A ．Besides B ．However C ．Therefore D . Otherwise
86 ．A ．watered B ．bought C ．protected D . planted
87 ．A ．reporting B ．designing C ．conducting D . studying
88 ．A ．normal B ．tough C ．varied D . specific
89 ．A ．end up B ．run out C ．break up D . pay off
90 ．A ．answers B ．comfort C ．dreams D . courage
(
【答案】
76
．
B 77
．
C 78
．
A 79
．
C 80
．
D
81
．
A 82
．
B 83
．
D 84
．
C 85
．
A
86
．
D
87
．
C
88
．
B
89
．
D
90
．
A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的
“
小麦之母
”
张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事
迹。
76
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：张道荣在过去的
26
年里培育了
13
个
小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了
贡献，他做到了这两件事。
A. advertising
打广告；
B
. cultivating
培育；
C. discussing
讨论；
D.
observing
观察，
遵循。根据
“13 new varieties of
wheat”
可知，是培育小麦。故选
B
。
77
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位被称为
“
小麦之母
”
的
50
岁女性是襄阳市襄阳农
业科学院的一名研究员。
A.
journalist
记者；
B. teacher
教师；
C. researcher
研究者；
D.
manager
经理。根据上文
“who has
spent the
last
26 years 1 13 new varieties of
wheat an
d contributing
to
national
food
security”
推知，张道荣是一位研究
小麦的研究员。故选
C
。
78
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。
A. precise
精确的；
B. efficient
高效的；
C. simple
简单的；
D.
expensive
昂贵的。呼应
“strict
s
tandards”
此处指精确的实验。故选
A
。
79
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：
“
第一步是找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型。然后我们尝试杂交组
)
合， ”张解释道。A. way 方法，道路；B. attempt 企图；C. step 步骤；D. question 问题。根据“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种
的第一步。故选 C。
80 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“经过几代的试验和选择，当特性保持稳定时，我们开始了为期两年的产量 测试和疾病鉴定过程。”A. encouragement 鼓励；B. support 支持；C. management 管理；D. trial 审讯，试验。
根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过（植物）几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选 D。
81 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。 A. begin 开始；B. continue 继续；C. follow 跟随；D. repeat 重复。结合 上文提到选出最优品种和“a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.”可知，接下来就应该开
始产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选 A。
82 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几轮测试后，可以申请评估，批准用于市场生产。 A. practice 练习；B. application 应用，申请； C. declaration 宣布； D. invitation 邀请。根据“And after several more rounds of tests”
可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选 B。
83 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“一般来说， 一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，并对恶劣 条件表现出良好的抵抗力。 ” A. environment 环境； B. machine 机器； C. farmland 农田； D. variety 种类。根 据上文“Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 1 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to
national food security, has done both.”可知，此处是指一个新的种类。故选 D。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. produce 生产， 产生；B. enhance 加强；C. show 表明， 表现；D. develop
发展。根据“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力。故选 C。
85．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“此外，它也应该被市场所接受。 ”A. Besides 此外；B. However 然而；C. Therefore
因此； D. Otherwise 否则。结合语境可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用 besides 符合题意。故选 A。
86 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植 7 万至 8 万株幼苗。 A. watered 浇水；B. bought 购买； C. protected 保护； D. planted 种植。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼
苗) each year.”可知，此处是指每年种植 7 万至 8 万株幼苗。故选 D。
87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年四季，他们都忙于对新苗的生长进行实验， 并进行记录和分析。A. reporting 报道；B. designing 设计；C. conducting 进行；D. studying 学习，研究。根据“experiments on the growth of the
new seedlings”可知，此处是指进行实验。故选 C。
88 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。 A. normal 正常的； B. tough 棘手的，艰难 的； C. varied 变异的； D. specific 具体的。根据“complicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，
农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选 B。
(
89
．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时你的努力没有回报。
A. end up
结束；
B. run out
用完；
C. break up
破裂；
D. pay off
回报。根据上文
“Agricultural re
search work is 13 and complicated.”
可知，农业研究的特点
可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选
D
。
90
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么， 我们所
能做的就是多思考、多讨论，
并在土地上找到答案。
A. answers
答案；
B. comfort
安慰；
C. dreams
梦，梦想；
D. courage
勇气。上文提到有
时付出可能没有回报再结合
“think
more, discuss more”
可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种
。故选
A
。
)
7.（2023·上海嘉定 · 统考二模）
Has someone ever told you something that made you doubt your own memory or judgment If so, you may be a 91 of gaslighting. “Gaslighting” is a kind of psychological abuse to gain 92 over others by purposely making other people think they’re wrong even when they’re right. The term comes from Patrick Hamilton’s play in 1938. Lead character Jack Manningham seeks to convince his wife Bella that she is 93 , by saying she is imagining the dimming (变暗) of the gas light in their home, when it was actually he who lowered
the brightness of the light.
Gaslighting is initially used to talk about what happens in romantic relationships. However, many individuals also experience gaslighting at work. 94 , a recent survey has found that 58% of the respondents said they have experienced gaslighting at work. It’s 95 since gaslighting usually involves a power relationship and a need to control others. In the workplace, the 96 between a boss and his employee can be the perfect breeding (滋生的) ground for this type of behavior. Your boss might tell you to handle an assignment in a certain way, but when you do, he gets 97 and says it wasn’t what he wanted. It makes you feel like your memory is 98 . In other situations, your boss may exclude you from a meeting 99 and when you ask him
about it, he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question directly.
In order to find out whether your boss’s behavior really 100 gaslighting or he is just a poor communicator, you could write down your experiences and ask yourself what really happened, what his motives might have been, and how your emotion was 101 . But always be careful because gaslighters know how to fly under the radar (雷达). They are skilled at weakening an employee’s confidence and sense of reality in a clever
and 102 way.
To protect yourself, at the end of the conversation with your boss, repeat back what you heard and follow up
with an e-mail restating the main points, 103 the interactions between you two. But don’t get your hopes
high that this will automatically solve the problem, Robin Stern, author of The Gaslight Effect, warns, because it’s hard to get a gaslighter to 104 his behavior pattern. If things don’t improve, you may want to consider
getting out of the gaslighting situation by looking for a new position. It may be one of the best things you can do for
your 105 well-being.
91 ．A ．creator B ．victim C . host D . scholar
92 ．A ．power B ．wealth C . support D . experience
93 ．A ．having fun B ．feeling angry C . going crazy D . becoming younger
94 ．A ．By comparisonB ．Worse still C . After all D . In fact
95 ．A ．unsurprising B ．irrelevant C . unnecessary D . improper
96 ．A ．harmonies B ．dynamics C . phases D . replacements
97 ．A ．annoyed B ．interested C . frightened D . excited
98 ．A ．visual B ．painful C . faulty D . lasting
99 ．A ．at random B ．for sure C . in time D . on purpose
100 ．A ．recommends B ．constitutes C . escapes D . discovers
101 ．A ．facilitated B ．affected C . represented D . monitored
102 ．A ．hard-to-prove B ．easy-to-spot C . safe-to-learn D . tough-to-survive
103 ．A ．interrupting B ．overcoming C . abandoning D . documenting
104 ．A ．submit B ．attain C . change D . forgive
105 ．A ．emotional B ．physical C . virtual D . economic
(
【答案】
91
．
B 92
．
A 93
．
C 94
．
D 95
．
A 96
．
B 97
．
A 98
．
C 99
．
D
100
．
B
101
．
B 102
．
A 103
．
D 104
．
C
105
．
A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是煤气灯效应和员工该如何保护自己免受这种效应的影响。
91
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样，你可能是煤气灯的受害者。
A. creator
创造者；
B. victim
受害
者；
C. host
主人；
D. scholar
学者
。根据上文
“someone ever
told
you
something
that
made
you
doubt
your
own
memory or judgment”
可知，句子表示
“
你可能是煤气灯的受害者
”
。故选
B
。
92
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：
Gasligh
ting
是一种心理虐待，目的是故意让别人认为自己是错的，即使他
们是对的。
A. power
力量；
B. wealth
财富；
C. support
支持；
D.
exper
ience
经历。根据下文
“purposely
making
other people think they’re wrong even when they’re right”
可知，句子表示
“Gaslighting
是
一种心理虐待，目的
)
是故意让别人认为自己是错的，即使他们是对的” ，gain power over sb.意为“征服某人” 。故选 A。
93 ．考查动词短语辨析。句意：主角 Jack Manningham 试图说服他的妻子贝拉相信她疯了，他说她是在想象 他们家的煤气灯变暗，而实际上是他调低了灯的亮度。A. having fun 玩得开心；B. feeling angry 感到生气；
C. going crazy 发疯；D. becoming younger 变得更年轻。根据下文“saying she is imagining the dimming (变暗) of
the gas light in their home, when it was actually he who lowered the brightness of the light”可知，主角 Jack
Manningham 试图说服他的妻子贝拉相信她疯了。故选 C。
94 ．考查固定短语辨析。句意：事实上，最近的一项调查发现， 58%的受访者表示他们在工作中经历过煤气 灯效应。 A. By comparison 相比之下； B. Worse still 更糟糕的是； C. After all 毕竟； D. In fact 事实上。根据 下文“a recent survey has found that 58% of the respondents said they have experienced gaslighting at work”可知，
句子表示“事实上，最近的一项调查发现， 58%的受访者表示他们在工作中经历过煤气灯照明” 。故选 D。
95 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并不奇怪，因为煤气灯照明通常涉及权力关系和控制他人的需要。 A. unsurprising 不足为奇的； B. irrelevant 不相关的； C. unnecessary 不必要的； D. improper 不适当的。根据下 文“since gaslighting usually involves a power relationship and a need to control others”可知，在工作中经历过煤
气灯效应是不足为奇的。故选 A。
96 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在工作场所，老板和员工之间的动态关系可能是这种行为的完美滋生地。
A. harmonies 和谐；B. dynamics 动态；C. phases 短语；D. replacements 替代。根据下文“between a boss and his
employee”可知，此处指“老板和员工之间的动态关系” 。故选 B。
97 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的老板可能会告诉你用某种方式处理一项任务，但当你这样做时，他 会很生气，说这不是他想要的。 A. annoyed 生气的；B. interested 感兴趣的；C. frightened 害怕的；D. excited 激动的。根据下文“says it wasn’t what he wanted”可知，句子表示“你的老板可能会告诉你用某种方式处理一
项任务，但当你这样做时，他会很生气，说这不是他想要的” 。故选 A。
98．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让你觉得你的记忆是错误的。A. visual 视觉的；B. painful 痛苦的；C. faulty 错误的；D. lasting 持久的。根据上文“it wasn’t what he wanted”可知，句子表示“这让你觉得你的记忆是错误
的” ，故选 C。
99 ．考查固定短语辨析。句意：在其他情况下，你的老板可能会故意把你排除在会议之外，当你问他这件 事时，他可能会指责你太敏感，而不是直接回答你的问题。 A. at random 任意地； B. for sure 毫无疑问地； C. in time 及时； D. on purpose 故意地。根据下文“when you ask him about it, he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question directly”可知，句子表示“你的老板可能会故意把你排除在会议之
外，当你问他这件事时，他可能会指责你太敏感，而不是直接回答你的问题” 。故选 D。
100 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕的 沟通者，你可以写下你的经历，问问自己真实发生了什么，他的动机可能是什么，以及你的情绪是如何受 到影响的。 A. recommends 推荐；B. constitutes 构成；C. escapes 逃跑；D. discovers 发现。根据下文“gaslighting or he is just a poor communicator”可知，此处表示“为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他
只是一个糟糕的沟通者” 。故选 B。
101 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕的 沟通者，你可以写下你的经历，问问自己真实发生了什么，他的动机可能是什么，以及你的情绪是如何受 到影响的。A. facilitated 促进， 推动；B. affected 影响；C. represented 代表；D. monitored 监控。根据上文“when you ask him about it, he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question directly”可知，
老板这么对待员工，员工的情绪肯定会受影响，此处表示“你的情绪是如何受到影响的” 。故选 B。
102 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们擅长用一种巧妙而难以证明的方式削弱员工的信心和现实感。 A.
hard-to-prove 难以证明的； B. easy-to-spot 容易被发现的； C. safe-to-learn 有把握学习的； D. tough-to-survive 难以存活的。根据下文“To protect yourself, at the end of the conversation with your boss, repeat back what you heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main points”可知， 老板擅长用一种巧妙而难以证明的方式削弱
员工的信心和现实感。故选 A。
103 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保护自己，在与老板的谈话结束时，重复你听到的内容，然后发电子
邮件重申要点，记录你们之间的互动。 A. interrupting 打断； B. overcoming 克服； C. abandoning 放弃； D.
documenting 记录。根据上文“repeat back what you heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main points” 可知， 此处表示“在与老板的谈话结束时， 重复你听到的内容， 然后发电子邮件重申要点， 记录你们之间的
互动” 。故选 D。
104 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过， 《煤气灯效应》一书的作者 Robin Stern 警告说，不要对这样就能自 动解决问题抱太大希望，因为要让一个煤气灯点燃者改变他的行为模式是很难的。 A. submit 提交；B. attain 得到；C. change 改变；D. forgive 原谅。根据上文“don’t get your hopes high that this will automatically solve the problem”可知，句子表示“不要对这样就能自动解决问题抱太大希望，因为要让一个煤气灯点燃者改变他的
行为模式是很难的” 。故选 C。
105 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能是你为自己的情感健康所能做的最好的事情之一。A. emotional
情绪的； B. physical 物理的； C. virtual 虚拟的； D. economic 经济的。根据上文“how your emotion was
(
___
)11__”可知，句子表示“这可能是你为自己的情感健康所能做的最好的事情之一” 。故选 A。
8.（2023·山东潍坊 · 统考模拟预测）
Like many people, public speaking once filled me with fear As a writer, I felt much more 106 expressing myself on the page, rather than on the 107 . Strangely, I found that the feelings of 108 to be perfectly tolerable; 109 , I was concerned with the ways that others would perceive my nervous energy. A slight change of 110 , the unconscious biting of my lip — I assured that I’d be 111 for any nom-verbal signal that showed my lack of 112 . I was experiencing anxiety about my
anxiety—consequences that made the whole task feel much more 113 .
You might have 114 this yourself before a job interview or important work meeting in front of
senior colleagues. And the more you try to 115 your feelings, the more obvious they appear to others.
According to a striking new study, however, these concerns may be 116 . Jamie Whitehouse, a research fellow at Nottingham Trent University in the UK, has shown that visible signs of stress are often 117 , leaving others more likely to like us and treat us 118 . If so, then we need not try so hard to
119 a calm-and-collected poker face, safe in the knowledge that people will relate well to our 120 .
106 ．A . anxious fortable C . cautious D . hesitant
107 ．A . exam room B . video call C . stage center D . teacher’s desk
108 ．A . burden B . loneliness C . conflict D . anxiety
109 ．A . besides B . instead C . therefore D . otherwise
110 ．A . voice B . appearance C . attitude D . routine
111 ．A . paused B . rejected C . assessed D . warned
112 ．A . knowledge B . experience C . process D . confidence
113 ．A . astonishing B . terrifying C . pressing D . confusing
114 ．A . noticed B . refreshed C . mentioned D . supposed
115 ．A . permit B . declare C . hide D . deserve
116 ．A . practical B . inaccurate C . unpredictable D . unnecessary
117 ．A . appealing B . annoying C . frustrating D . convincing
118 ．A . warmly B . apparently C . curiously D . casually
119 ．A . remind B . require C . wander D . maintain
120 ．A . attention B . expectation C . emotions D . appreciation
(
【答案】
106
．
B 107
．
C 108
．
D 109
．
B 110
．
A 111
．
C
112
．
D 113
．
C 114
．
A
)
115 ．C 116 ．D 117 ．A 118 ．A 119 ．D 120 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者恐惧公开演讲，而且害怕别人看出自己紧张和不自信。然 而，根据一项引人注目的新研究，这些担忧可能是不必要的。研究指出压力的明显迹象通常很有吸引力，
让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们。
106．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名作家， 比起站在舞台中央， 我更愿意在纸上表达自己。A. anxious
焦虑的； B. comfortable 舒服的，自在的； C. cautious 谨慎的； D. hesitant 犹豫的。根据上文“Like many
people, public speaking once filled me with fear.(和许多人一样， 公开演讲曾让我充满恐惧)”可知， 作者更喜欢
在纸上表达自己，即纸上表达自己更自在。故选 B。
107．考查名词短语辨析。句意：作为一名作家， 比起站在舞台中央， 我更愿意在纸上表达自己。A. exam room 考场； B. video call 视频电话； C. stage center 舞台中央； D. teacher’s desk 老师的课桌。根据上文“Like many people, public speaking once filled me with fear.(和许多人一样， 公开演讲曾让我充满恐惧)”可知， 作者不喜欢
公开演讲，站在舞台中央，故选 C。
108 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，我发现焦虑的感觉是完全可以忍受的；相反，我关心的是别人 会如何看待我紧张的情绪。 A. burden 负担；B. loneliness 孤独；C. conflict 冲突；D. anxiety 焦虑。根据后文
“others would perceive my nervous energy”可知，这里指焦虑的感受。故选 D。
109 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，我发现焦虑的感觉是完全可以忍受的；相反，我关心的是别人 会如何看待我紧张的情绪。 A. besides 此外； B. instead 相反； C. therefore 因此； D. otherwise 否则。根据后 文“I was concerned with the ways that others would perceive my nervous energy.”可知，作者可以忍受焦虑的感
觉，反而却是别人如何看自己的紧张情绪让作者更加关心，故选 B。
110 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：声音的轻微变化，无意识的咬嘴唇——我确信我会被评估任何显示我缺乏
自信的非语言信号。 A. voice 嗓音； B. appearance 外表； C. attitude 态度； D. routine 路线。根据后文“the
unconscious biting of my lip”可知，这里是在描述作者紧张时的活动，公开演讲肯定是嗓音有变化，故选 A。 111 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：声音的轻微变化，无意识的咬嘴唇——我确信我会被评估任何显示我缺乏 自信的非语言信号。 A. paused 暂停； B. rejected 拒绝； C. assessed 评估； D. warned 警告。根据后文“for any
non-verbal signal”可知，作者确信他人会评估自己缺乏自信的肢体语言。故选 C。
112 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：声音的轻微变化，无意识的咬嘴唇——我确信我会被评估任何显
