定语从句课件

课件44张PPT。The Attributive Clause定语从句an apple
a red apple
a big apple a cat
a beautiful cat
a cute cat定语是对____________或代词起____________作用,
译为__________
修饰、限定名词‘‘……的’’It is a cute cat.
It is a cat which is cute.简单句复合句： 主句 + 从句定语从句It is a cat which is cute.
定语从句先行词引导词，关系代词定语从句的构成：
先行词+引导词+ 从句先行词的单复数决定定语从句的谓语动词的单复数 定语从句：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后
先 行 词： 被定语从句修饰的词
引 导 词：引导定语从句的词 关系代词
关系副词

引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句
(2)在从句中作一成份
(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置
Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空,并找到在句中做什么成分1. I hate people ____________ talk much but do little.
2.The car _________________ my father bought last month is very beautiful.
4 .This is the university _______ I graduated from last year.
who / that(which / that) which/that5. The time _________ I first met Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
6. The parts of town ________ they had to live were decided by white people.
7. The reason ________ he was late was that he missed his train.whenwherewhy whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend_________ father is a doctor.
He has a friend the father_________ is a doctor.
He has a friend of whom the father is a doctor.

(2)I’m painting a house _________roof is round.
I’m painting a house the roof ________ is round.
I’m painting a house _________ the roof is round.


whosewhoseof which 人的 of whom 物的 of whichwhose of whichof whom1 This is the basketball__________ I played last night.
2 This is the car ______________I bought last year.
3 This is the email _____________I received last night.
4 This is Beijing____________I visited last year.
5 This is the holiday____________I spent in summer.which/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwhich/that以上定语从句中及物谓语动词缺少宾语，引导词作宾语　
1）关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于 “介词+ which” 结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：a) 我仍然记得 我参军的 那一天。（ ）①I still remember the day.②On that day I joined the army.I still remember the day when I joined the army. 或I still remember the day on which I joined the army. b) 这就是 我们去年住的 房屋。（ ）①This is the house.②We lived in it last year.This is the house where we lived last year. 或This is the house in which we lived last year. 或 This is the house which we lived in last year. c) 你知道 他迟到的 原因吗？（ ）①Do you know the reason?②He was late for that reason.Do you know the reason why he was late? 或Do you know the reason for which he was late? 关系副词的用法时间时间状语地点地点状语原因原因状语关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。
二 介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句1. 介词的选用原则：根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。
This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.
This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.
(2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。I remember the day on which I joined the Party.
I remember the days during which I lived there.(3) 根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see cleanly.
The sun gives us heat and light, without which we can not live. 1 This is Beijing __________I lived in last year.
This is Beijing in _________ I lived last year.
This is Beijing __________ I lived last year.
This is the boy ___________ I chatted with last week.
This is the boy with ___________ I chatted last week.
Which / whom 做介词的宾语时介词可以前置，也可以后置。介词后置时，关系代词可以省略
不及物动词+介词 + 宾语 (that/ who/ whom)(which/that)whichwhere/in whichwhom
1. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物), who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。Dad is a person________________ I can easily talk to.Is this the play ___________ you were talking about just now?which/thatwhom/who/that
2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.
I can’t find the pen with which I was writing .
3 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for.
The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.Look after, look for, take care of1.? Do you like the book she spent $10?
2.? Do you like the book ________she paid $10?
3.? Do you like the book she learned a lot?
4.? Do you like the book she often talks?
5.? He built a telescope he could study the skies.
6，The person _______ he spoke just now is my brother.
7.This is the teacher _________ I learnt a lot.
8，I will never forget the way ______ my teacher taught me.
on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough which介词+which/whom引导的定语从句 to whom from whomin which总结归纳：
1，当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”, 用“介词＋whom”; 如果指“物”, 用“介词＋which”。
2，介词的选取原则是“一先, 二从, 三意义” ：
(1)一先: 从先行词下手, 介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配;
(2)二从: 介词与从句谓语动词的习惯搭配;
(3)三意义: 通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。
用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。
1. I disagree with the facts ______ which your argument is based.
2. The song, ______ which he was interested, will never be heard again.
3. This is the reason ______ which he often comes to school late.
4. I will never forget the way ______ which my teacher taught me.
5. This is the hero ______ whom we are proud. on in forinof6. I want to find the very pen ______ which I wrote that letter.
7. They are the students ______ whom our teachers are thinking highly.
8. It is important to choose good friends ______ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts.
9. It will not be necessary to name the person ______ whom the card belongs.
10. I would always like to do business with those people ________ whom I can rely.withof withtoon / uponpart of whom/which
There are 23 students in our class, A:________________(他们都） love mothers deeply.
B: and ________________ （他们都） are from countryside.
A:________________ （有些）are from Beijing .
B: and __________________（有一些）are from Beijing all of whom
all of themsome of whomsome of them
Every student has many books,
A:______________（大多数）are textbooks.
B: but ________________ （大多数） are extra curricular books.
A:______________ （没有一本）are reference books.
B: but ________________（没有一本）are novels.
most of whichmost of themnone of whichnone of them
3、判断关系代词与关系副词 　
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全　
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 这是我们去年参观的地方。 ······① 这是我们去年工作的地方。 ······②a)vt.vi.①This is the place which / that we visited last year.②This is the place where we worked last year. 我仍然记得我入团的那一天。 我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。b)①I still remember the day when I joined the League.②I still remember the day that / which we spent together.关系副词的选择技巧：
1，从句位于为不及物动词，或被动语态。
2，从句不缺成分
Eg:
This is the place ________ he works.
This is the place __________ I visited that year.
where that/which
特殊情况;
当 point, stage, situation, case, scene, condition在定语从句中均可作先行词, 表示抽象的地点, 且在句中作状语时这时可用where引导定语从句。 *He gets into a position ______ it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的境地。
*We have reached a point ______ a change is needed.
我们到了必须改一改的地步。
*We’ll discuss a number of cases ______ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
我们将讨论一些英语初学者不能恰当使用语言的情形。wherewherewhere ? that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。I'd like to tell you something will make you surprised.I’ve read all the books __________ are not mine. This is the first book ________ he has read.This is the very book belongs to him.(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时, 指sth.(3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。thatThis is the most interesting book is Mo Yan`s.thatthat that that
(4)当主句以 who 或which 开头时，关系代词用that.
Which is the book you bought last week?
Who is the man _______is sitting by the lake?
（5）当先行词既有_______又有_________时。
I’ve never heard of the people and things you talked about just now.
人物thatthatthatExercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things ______ they couldn’t remember.
Say all ________ you know.
Is there anything ______ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.8.I’ve never heard of the people and things ________you talked about just now.
9.This is the very book belongs to him.
thatthat当先行词既有人又有物时。
先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
4.This is the first play ________ I have seen since I came here.
5. This is the best novel _______ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _______is standing under the tree?
7. Which is the machine ____ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。
I don't like the way ____ he talked to his mother.
I don't like the way ____ he chose to do it.
A. that B. in which C. / D. how
ABCACway
方式，
方法1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用that或者in which且可以略。
2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用that或which 改错：
1 The boys whom are playing football are from Class One.
2 Tom is just the boy with who I communicated just now.
3 This the university from that I graduated last year.
4 The classroom which door is broken is ours.

5 The radio which I bought it last week has gone wrong.
5 He is the man who have an English book.

6 Children eat lots of sugar get bad teeth.
who 在定语从句中做主语只能用whowhom which whose has who1 The novel (which /that) Tom bought is quite interesting.
2 The fruit contains things which/that help you keep healthy / which are good for / are beneficial to our health .
3 Tom was admitted into a key university, as we had expected.
4 Anyone who is harmful to/does harm to /harms wildlife should be punished.
5 Could you lend me the book (that /which) you talk about yesterday? about which you talk yesterday?
6 I hate the hotel (which /that) I lived/stayed in.
.
I hate the hotel in which /where I lived/stayed .
7 He is the most beautiful girl (that )I have ever met.
8 The government should praise those who protect wildlife from dying out.
9 We should stay away from the cigarettes which /that harm/ are harmful to our health.
10 I will never forget Mr. Wang ， and with his help / with whose help I have made great progress in English.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _____ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what B. where C. when D. why
8. In our class there are 46 students,_____ half wear glasses.
in whom B. in them
C. of whom D. of them bcExercise:
1. the days are gone ____ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
2. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ had taken more than three years.
for which B. with which
C. of which D. to whichAc3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
4. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _____ she would stay for an hour.
A. Where B. who C. which D. what aa5. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _____ we may return in the future.
on which B. by which
C. to which D. from which
6. --- can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
----you should try the barber’s _____ I go. It is only 15.
A. As B. which C. where D. thatcc