Unit2 Great People Grammar课件
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| 名称 | Unit2 Great People Grammar课件 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2015-05-25 14:33:29 | ||
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课件34张PPT。9B Unit 2 Great peopleGrammarPart A on P26
对比：
一般现在时Simple present
现在进行时 Present continuous一般现在时：表示主语经常性和习惯性的动
作或目前存在的状态，也表示
说话者的能力及自然现象。现在进行时：表示说话时正在进行的动作，
也表示目前或现阶段一直进行
的动作。
概念不同eg:
She often does her homework in the evening.
她经常在晚上做作业。She is doing her homework now.
现在她正在做作业。比较一下谓语动词的构成方式不同一般现在时
(1) be动词的一般现在时形式：is, am, are
(2) 其他实义动词的一般现在时形式：
动词原形或 第三人称单数形式2. 现在进行时
be动词(am /is /are+ 动词的ing形式（现在分词）主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词的变化规则如下:
一般动词在词尾加-s,如: helps, makes, gets, swims, knows, plays等.
以s, x, ch, sh, 或o结尾的动词在词尾加-es,如dresses, washes, catches, does等.
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词, 先变y为i,再加-es, 如fly---flies, study--- studies等.动词+ing的变化规则如下:
一般动词在词尾加-ing,如: helping, playing等.
以不发音的e结尾的动词-e +ing,如drive—driving, make--making等.
以重读闭音节结尾的动词, 双写尾字母再加ing, 如get—getting; stop---stopping等.
以ie结尾的动词，去掉ie+ying.时间状语不同一般现在时的时间状语主要有：
always, usually, sometimes, never, every day,
on Sundays, in the morning/afternoon/evening等2. 现在进行时的时间状语主要有：
now, right now, at present, at the moment
有时句首有Look! Listen! 或 It’s +时 刻; Where is sb?Exercise1. Who ___ over there now?
A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing
2. It’s eight o’clock. The students ___ an English class.
A. have B. having C. is having D. are having
3. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room.
A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries
4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters.
A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing
5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____.
A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep
6. Tom is a worker. He ___ in a factory. His sisters ____ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works7. Who _____ English best in your class?
A. speak B. speaks C. speaking
8. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day.
A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans
9. We _____ music and often _____ to music.
A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening
10. She _____ up at six in the morning.
A. get B. gets C. getting
11. On Sunday he sometimes _____ his clothes and sometimes _____ some shopping.
A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does
12. The twins usually _____ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _____ some coffee for it.
A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have
I (1) _______ (have) a day out with my classmates this Saturday, so I (2) ____ (need) a pair of trainers. Mum (3) _________ (shop) online for me now. She often (4) _____ (shop) online. Dad (5) __________ (search) for information on the Internet. He (6) _______ (visit) Japan next week. Grandpa (7) ________ (read) the newspaper and Grandma (8) _________ (watch) TV. I (9) _____ (want) to write an email to Wendy before I (10) ____ (go) to bed.will haveneedis shoppingshopsis searchingwill visitis readingis watchingwantgoFinish exercises on P26.Part B: Discussion: 一般过去时 VS 过去进行时 概念上的区别 1．一般过去时的概念为： ????过去发生的动作或存在的状态；
????如：Two months ago, I flew to London with my friend.
两个月前，我和我的朋友一起坐飞机去了伦敦。 ?I?went home by bus?yesterday.?
昨天我是坐公交车回家的。
2．过去进行时的概念为： 表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作。过去同一时间里同时发生的的动作或在过去某个时间段内持续发生的动作或存在的状态。
?如： ??I was watching TV from 7p.m to 8p.m. last night. ?? ??昨晚七点到八点我在看电视。
?? She was reading while her mother was talking on the phone.????
当她妈妈在打电话的时候，她在看书。 ???? 形式结构上的区别 1．一般过去时的形式结构为：主语＋动词的过去式＋其它。?如： They?were?free?the?day?before?yesterday,?but?we?were?busy．
前天他们很闲，而我们却很忙。 I?got?up?at?6:30?yesterday．????
昨天我是六点半起床的。 2．过去进行时的形式结构为：????
主语＋was／were＋动词的现在分词＋其它。 ? 如：?What?were?you?doing?this?time?yesterday﹖?? 昨天的这个时候你在做什么？ ?He?was?drawing?an?elephant?on?the?blackboard? when?the?teacher?came?in． ????当老师进来时，他正在黑板上画一头大象。 ???? 否定句、疑问句结构上的区别 1．一般过去时的否定句、疑问句多是借助助动词did来体现的(be的疑问句和否定句除外)，需要注意的是：此时实义动词应用原形。
如： ????He?worked?in?Beijing?last?year． ????否定句：He?didn‘t?work?in?Beijing?last?year． ????疑问句：Did?he?work?in?Beijing?last?year﹖ ????反意疑问句：He?worked?in?Beijing?last?year,?didn’t?he﹖
2．过去进行时的否定句、疑问句多是借助系动词was或were来体现的(和动词be一般过去时的疑问句和否定句一样)。 如： He?was?working?in?the?park?at?eight?yesterday?morning． ????否定句：He?wasn’t?working?in?the?park?at?eight?yesterday?morning． ????疑问句：Was?he?working?in?the?park?at?eight?yesterday?morning﹖ ????反意疑问句：He?was?working?in?the?park?at?eight?yesterday?morning, ?wasn’t? he﹖ 用法上的区别 1．过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时往往表示动作已完成。
试比较：
????David?wrote?a?letter?to?his?father?last?night． ????大卫昨晚给他父亲写了一封信。(信写完了。)
????David?was?writing?a?letter?to?his?father?last?night．? ????大卫昨晚正在给他父亲写信。(指信在写的过程中，不一定写完。)
2过去进行时和always连用，表示赞扬、感叹、厌恶等感彩；而一般过去时和always连用,表示经常或反复发生的动作。
试比较：???
?He?was?always?changing?his?mind． ????他总是三心二意。(表示厌恶) ??
????He?always?went?to?work?by?bus?last?year． ????去年他总是乘坐公共汽车上班。(表示经常性动作) 3．一般说来，过去进行时侧重动作持续时间的长度；而一般过去时只说明过去某时发生某事，侧重说明事实。试比较：
????It?was?raining?heavily?last?night． ????昨晚下着大雨。(侧重说明下雨持续的时间长。)
????It?rained?heavily?last?night． ????昨天下了大雨。(侧重说明下雨这一事实。)
4．在带有all?night,?the?whole?morning等强调时间长度的状语时，句中谓语动词用过去进行时更好些。如：
????He?was?working?all?night?last?Monday． ????上周一他整整工作了一个晚上。 Simon: I (1) ____________ (watch) a wonderful football match from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. yesterday. My favorite team (2) _____ (win) the match.
Millie: I (3) __________ (write) an email to Wendy at 7 p.m. yesterday. She (4) ____ (send) me an email last week.
Sandy: I (5) _____________ (practise) playing the piano the whole night. I (6) ____ (take) part in a competition this morning. was watchingwonwas writingsentwas practisingtookPeter: Last night, I (7) ______ (find) a website about travelling in space. I (8) ___________ (read) passages on the website while you (9) ___________ (play) the piano, Sandy.
Daniel: I (10) __________ (talk) to Aunt Jane on the phone at 7:30 yesterday evening. She (11) ______ (call) me the day before yesterday, but I (12) _______ (be not) at home then. foundwas readingwere playing was talking calledwas notn. 章节，乐段Part C
一般过去时 与 现在完成时
的区别 1.概念不同：
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；
现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响或结果。例如：We are good friends(现在情况)
我们是好朋友。
I got to know him in 2005. (过去的动作)
我在2005年认识（结识）他
We have known each other since 2005. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)
自从2005年来我们就相互认识。Linda has a big house. (现在情况)
She bought the house ten years ago. (过去的动作)
She has owned the house for ten years.
She has lived in the house for ten years. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)2. 时间状语不同：
一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：
yesterday， last week，…ago， in1980， in October， just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：
for， since，already， recently， so far， ever， never， just， yet， till/until， up to now， in past years， always等，皆不确定或模糊的时间状语。
3. 用法：
现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live， teach， learn， work， study， know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come， go， leave， start， die， finish， become， get married等。I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
I got up five hours ago.
I have been up for five hours. (强调结果）
Why did you get up so early？ （强调起床的动作已发生过了）Who hasn‘t handed in his paper？
(强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争)
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday， last， week， in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
改错：
Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
I have seen the film twice last month. wrote sawMultiple choice.
( ) 1. – Has your brother found his lost car ____?
- No, he hasn’t.
A. still B. already C. just D. yet
( ) 2. The visitors _____ here for a week.
A. have left B. have come
C. have arrived D. have been
( ) 3. Where ____ you _____ all these years, Jim?
A. have, been B. did , be
C. were, been D. did, stay
( ) 4. I’ve ____ this dictionary ____ a year.
A. bought, for B. had, for
C. bought, since D. had, sinceDDAB( ) 5. You ____ here before, ____ you?
A. never are, are B. never came, do
C. have never been, have
D. were never, were
( ) 6. The doctor ____ to Beijing twice.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes
( ) 7. My mother has ___ made a big mooncake
herself.
A. already B. yet C. just D. always
( ) 8. -Mr Green is no longer working here. He
____ here for a month.
A.has gone B. has left
C. has been away from D. leftCBACFill in the blanks with the Present Perfect Tense:
I __________ in Shenzhen for about 15 years.
(live)
2. He ____________ here since 1998. (work)
3. Bob isn’t in. He_________ to the cinema. (go)
4. I _________ to Australia three times. (be)
5. She ___________ English for about five years.
(study)
6. She ___________ English since 1999. (teach)have livedhas workedhas gonehas studiedhas taughthave beenMany modern inventions (1) __________ (make/ have made) a great difference in out life. They (2) ____________ (changed/ have changed) the way we live.
In ancient times, people (3) _____ (used/ have used) salt to help them keep fish or meat for a longer time. Fresh food would go bad in summer in a few hours. The invention of fridge (4) _________ (solved/ has solved) this problem. have madehave changedusedhas solvedIn the past, people (5) _______ (washed/ have washed) their clothes by hand. It (6) ____ (was/ has been) tiring, and it (7) _____ (took/ has taken) a lot of time. With the invention of the washing machine, people (8) _________ (had/ have had) more time to relax.
In the old days, people (9) ________ (travelled/ have travelled) by ship. Now planes (10) _________ (made/ have made) journeys more comfortable. washedwastookhave hadtravelledhave made手工
对比：
一般现在时Simple present
现在进行时 Present continuous一般现在时：表示主语经常性和习惯性的动
作或目前存在的状态，也表示
说话者的能力及自然现象。现在进行时：表示说话时正在进行的动作，
也表示目前或现阶段一直进行
的动作。
概念不同eg:
She often does her homework in the evening.
她经常在晚上做作业。She is doing her homework now.
现在她正在做作业。比较一下谓语动词的构成方式不同一般现在时
(1) be动词的一般现在时形式：is, am, are
(2) 其他实义动词的一般现在时形式：
动词原形或 第三人称单数形式2. 现在进行时
be动词(am /is /are+ 动词的ing形式（现在分词）主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词的变化规则如下:
一般动词在词尾加-s,如: helps, makes, gets, swims, knows, plays等.
以s, x, ch, sh, 或o结尾的动词在词尾加-es,如dresses, washes, catches, does等.
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词, 先变y为i,再加-es, 如fly---flies, study--- studies等.动词+ing的变化规则如下:
一般动词在词尾加-ing,如: helping, playing等.
以不发音的e结尾的动词-e +ing,如drive—driving, make--making等.
以重读闭音节结尾的动词, 双写尾字母再加ing, 如get—getting; stop---stopping等.
以ie结尾的动词，去掉ie+ying.时间状语不同一般现在时的时间状语主要有：
always, usually, sometimes, never, every day,
on Sundays, in the morning/afternoon/evening等2. 现在进行时的时间状语主要有：
now, right now, at present, at the moment
有时句首有Look! Listen! 或 It’s +时 刻; Where is sb?Exercise1. Who ___ over there now?
A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing
2. It’s eight o’clock. The students ___ an English class.
A. have B. having C. is having D. are having
3. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room.
A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries
4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters.
A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing
5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____.
A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep
6. Tom is a worker. He ___ in a factory. His sisters ____ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works7. Who _____ English best in your class?
A. speak B. speaks C. speaking
8. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day.
A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans
9. We _____ music and often _____ to music.
A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening
10. She _____ up at six in the morning.
A. get B. gets C. getting
11. On Sunday he sometimes _____ his clothes and sometimes _____ some shopping.
A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does
12. The twins usually _____ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _____ some coffee for it.
A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have
I (1) _______ (have) a day out with my classmates this Saturday, so I (2) ____ (need) a pair of trainers. Mum (3) _________ (shop) online for me now. She often (4) _____ (shop) online. Dad (5) __________ (search) for information on the Internet. He (6) _______ (visit) Japan next week. Grandpa (7) ________ (read) the newspaper and Grandma (8) _________ (watch) TV. I (9) _____ (want) to write an email to Wendy before I (10) ____ (go) to bed.will haveneedis shoppingshopsis searchingwill visitis readingis watchingwantgoFinish exercises on P26.Part B: Discussion: 一般过去时 VS 过去进行时 概念上的区别 1．一般过去时的概念为： ????过去发生的动作或存在的状态；
????如：Two months ago, I flew to London with my friend.
两个月前，我和我的朋友一起坐飞机去了伦敦。 ?I?went home by bus?yesterday.?
昨天我是坐公交车回家的。
2．过去进行时的概念为： 表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作。过去同一时间里同时发生的的动作或在过去某个时间段内持续发生的动作或存在的状态。
?如： ??I was watching TV from 7p.m to 8p.m. last night. ?? ??昨晚七点到八点我在看电视。
?? She was reading while her mother was talking on the phone.????
当她妈妈在打电话的时候，她在看书。 ???? 形式结构上的区别 1．一般过去时的形式结构为：主语＋动词的过去式＋其它。?如： They?were?free?the?day?before?yesterday,?but?we?were?busy．
前天他们很闲，而我们却很忙。 I?got?up?at?6:30?yesterday．????
昨天我是六点半起床的。 2．过去进行时的形式结构为：????
主语＋was／were＋动词的现在分词＋其它。 ? 如：?What?were?you?doing?this?time?yesterday﹖?? 昨天的这个时候你在做什么？ ?He?was?drawing?an?elephant?on?the?blackboard? when?the?teacher?came?in． ????当老师进来时，他正在黑板上画一头大象。 ???? 否定句、疑问句结构上的区别 1．一般过去时的否定句、疑问句多是借助助动词did来体现的(be的疑问句和否定句除外)，需要注意的是：此时实义动词应用原形。
如： ????He?worked?in?Beijing?last?year． ????否定句：He?didn‘t?work?in?Beijing?last?year． ????疑问句：Did?he?work?in?Beijing?last?year﹖ ????反意疑问句：He?worked?in?Beijing?last?year,?didn’t?he﹖
2．过去进行时的否定句、疑问句多是借助系动词was或were来体现的(和动词be一般过去时的疑问句和否定句一样)。 如： He?was?working?in?the?park?at?eight?yesterday?morning． ????否定句：He?wasn’t?working?in?the?park?at?eight?yesterday?morning． ????疑问句：Was?he?working?in?the?park?at?eight?yesterday?morning﹖ ????反意疑问句：He?was?working?in?the?park?at?eight?yesterday?morning, ?wasn’t? he﹖ 用法上的区别 1．过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时往往表示动作已完成。
试比较：
????David?wrote?a?letter?to?his?father?last?night． ????大卫昨晚给他父亲写了一封信。(信写完了。)
????David?was?writing?a?letter?to?his?father?last?night．? ????大卫昨晚正在给他父亲写信。(指信在写的过程中，不一定写完。)
2过去进行时和always连用，表示赞扬、感叹、厌恶等感彩；而一般过去时和always连用,表示经常或反复发生的动作。
试比较：???
?He?was?always?changing?his?mind． ????他总是三心二意。(表示厌恶) ??
????He?always?went?to?work?by?bus?last?year． ????去年他总是乘坐公共汽车上班。(表示经常性动作) 3．一般说来，过去进行时侧重动作持续时间的长度；而一般过去时只说明过去某时发生某事，侧重说明事实。试比较：
????It?was?raining?heavily?last?night． ????昨晚下着大雨。(侧重说明下雨持续的时间长。)
????It?rained?heavily?last?night． ????昨天下了大雨。(侧重说明下雨这一事实。)
4．在带有all?night,?the?whole?morning等强调时间长度的状语时，句中谓语动词用过去进行时更好些。如：
????He?was?working?all?night?last?Monday． ????上周一他整整工作了一个晚上。 Simon: I (1) ____________ (watch) a wonderful football match from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. yesterday. My favorite team (2) _____ (win) the match.
Millie: I (3) __________ (write) an email to Wendy at 7 p.m. yesterday. She (4) ____ (send) me an email last week.
Sandy: I (5) _____________ (practise) playing the piano the whole night. I (6) ____ (take) part in a competition this morning. was watchingwonwas writingsentwas practisingtookPeter: Last night, I (7) ______ (find) a website about travelling in space. I (8) ___________ (read) passages on the website while you (9) ___________ (play) the piano, Sandy.
Daniel: I (10) __________ (talk) to Aunt Jane on the phone at 7:30 yesterday evening. She (11) ______ (call) me the day before yesterday, but I (12) _______ (be not) at home then. foundwas readingwere playing was talking calledwas notn. 章节，乐段Part C
一般过去时 与 现在完成时
的区别 1.概念不同：
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；
现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响或结果。例如：We are good friends(现在情况)
我们是好朋友。
I got to know him in 2005. (过去的动作)
我在2005年认识（结识）他
We have known each other since 2005. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)
自从2005年来我们就相互认识。Linda has a big house. (现在情况)
She bought the house ten years ago. (过去的动作)
She has owned the house for ten years.
She has lived in the house for ten years. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)2. 时间状语不同：
一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：
yesterday， last week，…ago， in1980， in October， just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：
for， since，already， recently， so far， ever， never， just， yet， till/until， up to now， in past years， always等，皆不确定或模糊的时间状语。
3. 用法：
现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live， teach， learn， work， study， know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come， go， leave， start， die， finish， become， get married等。I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
I got up five hours ago.
I have been up for five hours. (强调结果）
Why did you get up so early？ （强调起床的动作已发生过了）Who hasn‘t handed in his paper？
(强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争)
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday， last， week， in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
改错：
Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
I have seen the film twice last month. wrote sawMultiple choice.
( ) 1. – Has your brother found his lost car ____?
- No, he hasn’t.
A. still B. already C. just D. yet
( ) 2. The visitors _____ here for a week.
A. have left B. have come
C. have arrived D. have been
( ) 3. Where ____ you _____ all these years, Jim?
A. have, been B. did , be
C. were, been D. did, stay
( ) 4. I’ve ____ this dictionary ____ a year.
A. bought, for B. had, for
C. bought, since D. had, sinceDDAB( ) 5. You ____ here before, ____ you?
A. never are, are B. never came, do
C. have never been, have
D. were never, were
( ) 6. The doctor ____ to Beijing twice.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes
( ) 7. My mother has ___ made a big mooncake
herself.
A. already B. yet C. just D. always
( ) 8. -Mr Green is no longer working here. He
____ here for a month.
A.has gone B. has left
C. has been away from D. leftCBACFill in the blanks with the Present Perfect Tense:
I __________ in Shenzhen for about 15 years.
(live)
2. He ____________ here since 1998. (work)
3. Bob isn’t in. He_________ to the cinema. (go)
4. I _________ to Australia three times. (be)
5. She ___________ English for about five years.
(study)
6. She ___________ English since 1999. (teach)have livedhas workedhas gonehas studiedhas taughthave beenMany modern inventions (1) __________ (make/ have made) a great difference in out life. They (2) ____________ (changed/ have changed) the way we live.
In ancient times, people (3) _____ (used/ have used) salt to help them keep fish or meat for a longer time. Fresh food would go bad in summer in a few hours. The invention of fridge (4) _________ (solved/ has solved) this problem. have madehave changedusedhas solvedIn the past, people (5) _______ (washed/ have washed) their clothes by hand. It (6) ____ (was/ has been) tiring, and it (7) _____ (took/ has taken) a lot of time. With the invention of the washing machine, people (8) _________ (had/ have had) more time to relax.
In the old days, people (9) ________ (travelled/ have travelled) by ship. Now planes (10) _________ (made/ have made) journeys more comfortable. washedwastookhave hadtravelledhave made手工