初中英语中考二轮专题复习课件 介词

课件31张PPT。介词的考点一.表示时间介词三.表示方位介词二.表示地点介词四.表示方法、手段五.常见介词的搭配一.时间介词1. 注意：at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
in the morning 在早上
on the morning of July 1st
在七月一日的早上
on a rainy day 在雨天1. Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive in Paris ___ the morning of July 9.
A. on B. in C. at
2. The twins were born __ a Friday evening.
A. in B. on C. at
3. We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived __5 o’clock __ the morning.
A. on, in B. at, in C. at, in
4. We finish our lessons ___ 11:30 and then
have a rest __ noon.
A. in , in B. at ,at C. in, at2. in + 时间段 在……之后（内），多用于将来时
after +时间段 在……之后， 多用于过去时
1. Mr Brown has gone to Canada.He will
be back ___ two weeks.
A. for B. after C. in
2. Our manager came back ___ an hour.
A. in B. after C. at
3. They have been here __ an hour.
A. for B. after C. in3. for + 时段
since + 时段 + ago
since + 时间点
since + 一般过去时句子常用于现在完成时1.He came here __ 1992, and he has lived here ___ 1992.
A. in, for B. in , since
C. since, since
2.I have known Li Lei __ over five years.
A. in B. since C. for3. It has been three years since he __ here.
A. come B. came C. comes
4. The old man has been away ___ two years ago.
A. in B. since C. for4. before 在……之前
by 到……时为止,不迟于……
1.He won’t come back ___ five .
A.before B. after C.by
2.The work must be finished __ Friday.
A.at B.by C.after
3.We had three meetings ___ last
Friday.
A.in B.before C. by 二.地点介词 1.on 在……的上面,与表面接触
over 在……的正上方,不接触表面
under 在……下面(是on,over的反义词)
1.Look!There is a bridge__the river.
A.on B. over C.above
2.Can you see the egg ___ the plate?
A.on B.in C.over
3.The light__us is very bright.
A.over B.under C.on 2. above 在……上方
below 在……下方,是above的反义词
1. The temperature will fall__zero at
night.
A.below B.above C.over
2.Suddenly there is a loud voice ___
the tree.
A.below B.above C.on
3.There is a clock on the wall. It’s
___ the blackboard.
A.on B.in C.above4.A road is ___our city and there is much traffic ___it.
A. on, over B.above, on C.over, on
5.The sun rose ___the horizon(地平线).
A. on B. above C.over
注意: on 接触平面
over 在平面的正上方
above 在上方3. in + 大地方
at + 小地 方
on +门牌，某层楼
1.My uncle live ___ F12 __the fifth floor.
A.at, on B. in,on C.on, at
2.They arrived ___Beijing at 12:00 and waited for a bus ___ the station to the hotel.
A.at, in B. in, on C. in, at4）in front of, in the front of在……前面
in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。
in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）。1.in 在某范围之内
to 在某范围之内
on 与某地相邻、接壤
1.China lies ___the east of Asia and ___the
north of Australia.
A. in, on B. in ,to C. to, in
2.Mongolia is ___the north of China.
A. in B. on C. to三.方位介词2.1.We are ___Team One.I sit __the front of
the classroom.Li Ping is ___my left.
A.on, in , at B.in ,in ,at C.in, at, on
2.I have a good seat. I sit __the bus.
A.in the front of B.in front of
3.The teacher is standing ___ our class
and give a talk.
A.in the front of B.in front of3. to 表目的地或去的目的
for 动身去某地
1.He got on a train ___ Shanghai .
A.to B. for C. towards
2.Wil you take a train___ Tianjian.
A. to B. for C.at
3. I’m leaving ____ Beijing next week.
A. to B. for C. towards4.cross 表面穿过
through 中间穿过
1.The sunshine come into the room ___ the
window.
A. across B. through C. past
2.You can go ___ the road here.
A. across B. through C. past
3.Can you swim ____ the river.
A. across B. through C. past四.表方式、方法、手段1. in 用材料、语言
2. with 用工具、某物
3. by 用方式、方法、手段
1.My mother often go to work ___ bike.
A. in B. on C. by
2.If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow,
please tell me ___ phone.
A. through B. by C. on
3.The teacher is writing on the paper __ red
ink and the blackboard___a piece of chalk.
A.with, with B. in ,with C.with ,in
4.Can you say it ___ English?
A. in B. with C.by
5.You can get some information __ the
computer.
A. in B. on C.by五.其它介词1.between 在两者之间
among 在……当中（三者或以上）
during 在……期间
1.Some supermarkets open __ 8:30 and
8:00 p.m.__ the Mid-Autumn Day.
A.at,duringB.between,duringC.between,in
2.They lived ____ the mountains in the past.
A. among B. between C. during
3.Don’t sit ____ the two girls.
A. among B. between C. during2.except 除……之外，不包括
besides 除……之外，还包括
1.Everyone passed the exam ___ Tom.
A.besides B.except C.for
2.__ MrLi,five teachers went to the
meeting.
A.Besides B.Except C. Beside3.常见的介词搭配
①It’s very nice of you to help me.
②It’s very good for you to do exercise.
③the answer(key) to the question(lock)
④be famous for
⑤be famous as
⑥be made of
⑦be made from
⑧on time
⑨in time三、??? 常用易混淆介词辨析1、??? after/ in 皆可表示时间在……之后，其区别为：after 1）表示“在某点时间之后”，用于将来时。如：???? We’ll go out for a walk after supper.???? 2）表示“一段时间之后”，用于过去时。如：???? My mother came home after half an hour.in表示“一段时间之后”，用于将来时。如：? ???? We’ll go to school in two weeks.
2、at/in/on? at seven o’clock（具体某一时刻用at）? in April /in April,2002（具体某一月份或年份用in）? on April 5,2002/on the morning of Monday（具体某一天用on）
3、in /by /with? He writes in black ink.（用……材料）? The guard cut one boot open with a knife.（用……工具）? She always goes to school by bike.（用……手段）
4、between /among? Can you say the differences between the two words?（两者之间）? Premier Chou En-lai lives among the people for ever.（三者或三者以上）
5、besides /except? We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.（除……之外，还有）全部计算在内? We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.（除……之外）不计算在内6、on /over/ above? There is a boat on the desk（在某物面上，与此物接触。）? There is a bridge over the river.（在某物正上方，与此物不接触，或横在某物上，或覆盖在某物上。）? She spread a cloth over the table.? He held his heads above his head. （“在……上”，强调“高于。”）
7、on/ in / to? Mongolia is on the north of china.（与中国接壤，不属于中国）? Japan is to the east of china.（不属于中国，且不接壤）? Taiwan is in the east of China.（台湾属于中国）
8、since /forsince? 表示从过去某一时间以来for 表示一段时间? I have been living here since 1982.（自1982年以来，我一直住在这里）? I have been living here for 20 years.（我已经在这里住了20年了）
9、of /from? The desk is made of wood（看得出材料）? Paper is made from wood.（看不出材料）? The bread is made up of flour, sugar and milk.（由数种成分组成）
10、by /on? He used to go to school by bike.（抽象概括）? He came to school on this bike yesterday.（具体到哪一辆车）
11、of /for? It’s kind of you to come to see me.（既说明不定式本身特点，又说明逻辑主语的品性）? It’s important for you students to learn English well.（只说明不定式本身的特征）12、of /in? This is the most interesting of all the stories.（从个体的集体着眼）? China has the largest population in the world.（从总体概括着眼）
13、of /about /on表示“谈及，论述”? Do you know of American singer John Denver?（涉及浅层关系）? I have never heard about him.（表示谈论等深一步的关系）? This book is on grammar.（以……为主要内容）
14、through /past/across? The new railway runs through the small town.（穿过）? He walked slowly past the tall building.（从旁边经过）? Mary walked across the park to do some shopping.（强调从一边到另一边）
15、by/ with通过……手段? We write with a pen.（表示较具体的事物）? There’s nothing to gain by waiting.（表示抽象）
16、despite = in spite of（介词） / although（连词）despite 是介词，后面接名词或动名词，不能跟句子although是连词，后面要跟句子。? Although I was ill yesterday, I still went to school.? Despite failure in the exam, I still have a chance to win in the term.
17、as /likeas? 1）用作介词时意思为“作为……，充当”如：? She acted as an interpreter.?? 2）用作连词时 意思为“像……一样；当，由于” ? As it was cold, I didn’t go outside.like 用作介词，意思为像……一样 ? John sings like a nightingale.
18、by day（指白天）/ by the day（按日计算）? I worked here by day and I am paid by the day.由以上18组介词我们可以体会出介词在使用中是多么细腻，希望大家在以后的学习中不断实践和总结，正确地使用介词。四 、介词和介词短语的惯用法难点1 1. on time,in time ,in good time
on time意为”按时,准时”(不迟不早)
She always came on time.
in time意为”及时,不迟,迟早,过一段时间”
They were just in time for the last flight.(及时)
If you keep trying,you will succeed in time.(迟早)
It will grow bigger in time.(过一段时间)
in good time意为”留有充分的时间,提前”
He arrived at cinema in good time.(提前)
Note: at no time表示”决不”四.介词和介词短语的惯用法难点（２）２. at the beginning of ,at first, in the beginning, at last, at the end of, in the end
at the beginning of意为”在……的开头”
At the beginning of the meeting,they sang a song.
at first意为”最初”
At first they didn’t know each other.
in the beginning意为”当初”
In the beginning,he knew little about the work.
at last意为”终于,等了好久……才”,语气很强,常指为人们所盼望已久的事终于实现了.
She past the exam at last.
at the end of意为”在……的最后”
At the end of the dictionary,there may be a list of new words.
in the end意为”最后”,只经过若干曲折变化才达到某种结果,可与finally换用.但是,finally还可用来引出一个系列的最后一项内容,而in the end则不可.
In the end,he found the lost watch.四.介词和介词短语的惯用法难点（３）3. besides, except (that), except for, excepting, but(/but for, but that), apart from
besides表示”除了……还有”(=in addition to)
Besides Li Mng,there are many other studentsattending the meeting.
except表示”除去,不包括”强调所排除的”不包括在内”,一般表示同类之间的关系,常与nothing,all,none,nobody,any等不定代词以及every连用.
He goes to work every day except Sunday.(星期天不上班)
except for也表示”除……之外”,指对某种具体情况进行具体的细节方面的修正.
but for和except for.but for同虚拟语气连用,except for一般同陈述语气连用.
but that和except that.其后的从句一律用陈述语气,其前的主句用陈述语气,但也时常用虚拟语气.
apart from意为”除……外”,它既可以表示besides的意思,也可以表示except或except for的意思四.介词和介词短语的惯用法难点(4,5,6)4. be married by ,be married to
She was married by her mother.她母亲将她嫁了出去.
She was married to Professor Smith.她嫁给了史密斯教授.
5. by fire ,with fire
The building was destroyed by fire.房子被火烧了.
The building was destroyed with fire.房子被人用火烧了.
第一句中的被火烧毁,火为动作的执行者,故用by.第二句的实际意思是:The building was destroyed by someone with fire. Fire 表示工具,故用with.
6 .by the pen ,with a pen
He lives by the pen.他靠写作生活.
He marked a stroke with a pen.他用钢笔划了一划.
By the pen 具有抽象意义,表示笔墨生涯,写作为生.with a pen 的with 表示工具,pen 为普通名词,指具体的笔.四.介词和介词短语的惯用法难点(7,8,9)7. in case of ,in the case of
Take an umbrella in case of rain.带把伞去,以防下雨.
Poverty depresses most people ,in the case of my father , it was otherwise.
贫困使大多数人沮丧,但对我父亲来说,情况却不一样.
8. good at ,good with, good for
John is good at photography.
The teacher is good with pupils.
The medicine is good for stomachache.
9.sensitive to ,sensitive about
The plant is sensitive to the light.(对……敏感)
Henry was highly sensitive about his weakness.(对……注意) 四.介词和介词短语的惯用法难点(10,11,12)10.right for ,right in
What he said was right for the occasion.(适合)
He was right in the answer.(对的)
11.on the air ,in the air
1)on the air 意为”广播,发表广播演说”
The statement first went on the air last spring.(播出)
The president went on the air at 9:00 last night.(广播演说)
2)in the air 意为”在空中,未定,流传,散布,在酝酿中,没有掩护”等
The question hung in the air.(悬而未决)
The plan for building a railroad bridge is still in the air (酝酿)
Rumours have been in the air.(谣言四起)
12.known to, known as ,known by, known for
The famous poet is known to all of us.(为。。。。。。所知)
A man is known by the company he keeps.物以类聚，人以群分。
He is known to us as a great philosopher.(以。。。。。。知名)
Her mother is known for her cooking.(因。。。。。。而出名)四介词和介词短语的惯用法难点(13,14,15,16)13. on high ,high on
On high 意为在高处，在天空；high on意为热心于，喜欢
Some balloons are flying on high.
He was high on classical music.
14. in sprit ,in sprits
I am always with you in sprit.(在精神上)
She is vexed in sprit.她内心很痛苦
He is always in sprits.他总是兴高采烈的。
15. in a word, in words ,in word
In a word, he has tried his best.(简而言之，总之)
She can’t express her idea in words.（表面，在口头上）
He is a friend in word only.（用语言）
16. in a sense ,in all senses
What he said is in a sense true.(从某种意义上讲，大致)
It is important to practice economy in all senses.（从任何意义上来说）返回