(共46张PPT)
2024年中考总复习英语课件
第一部分 语法专项复习
第1节 名 词
广东省卷近5年中考统计
年份 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年 2023年
考点 可数名词及其单复数 第32题 — — 第36题 第41、43题
不可数名词 — — — — 第71题
名词所有格 — — — — 第33题
名词辨析 第46、55题 第47、53题 — — —
分值 3分 2分 0分 1分 3分
1.【2022·广东】She was her music favorite student.
A.teacher B.teachers C.teacher’s
解析:此题考查名词所有格。句意:她是她的音乐老师最喜欢的学生。故选C 。
答案:C
2.【2022·广东】On the table she lays out some in season,such as carrots and tomatoes.
A.fruits B.flowers C.leaves D.vegetables
解析:此题考查名词。句意:她在桌子上摆了一些时令蔬菜,如胡萝卜和西红柿。故选D。
答案:D
3.【2022·广东】Earlier that year,a fire broke out in her house.Molly’s had a hard time.
A.family B.class C.office D.team
解析:此题考查名词。句意:那年早些时候,她家里遭遇火灾。Molly的家人过得很艰难。故选A。
答案:A
4.【2022·广东】At that time,people made tea in a simple way.They just put fresh tea leaves into hot .
解析:此题考查不可数名词。句意:在那时,人们泡茶的方式很简单。他们只是把新鲜的茶叶放进热水里。故填water。
答案:water
5. Daniel has tried to lose by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead.
A.weight B.weights C.height D.heights
解析:本题考查固定短语。句意:Daniel最近通过少吃努力减肥,但是却胖了两千克。lose weight意为“减肥”,为固定搭配;height意为“高度”,与句意不符。故选A。
答案:A
6. The three upstairs are too small to have enough for a double bed.
A.room;room B.room;rooms
C.rooms;room D.rooms;rooms
解析:本题考查room的含义和用法。句意:楼上的三个房间太小了,没有足够的空间放一张双人床。room表示“房间”时是可数名词,复数形式是rooms;表示“空间”时是不可数名词,没有复数形式。故选C。
答案:C
7.【2023·广东】People could enjoy the scenery (风景) and watch there.
A.bird B.birds C.bird’s D.birds’
解析:句意:人们可以在那里欣赏风景和看鸟。bird鸟,单数名词;birds鸟,复数名词;bird’s鸟的,单数名词所有格;birds’鸟的,复数名词所有格。此空应填名词作动词watch的宾语,此处不止看到一只鸟,所以应填复数形式,故选B。
答案:B
名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象、品质或动作名称的词,属于实词。通过分析近五年的广东中考真题可知,名词的考查主要分布在单项填空和完形填空,每年分值为3~4分,单项填空的考查主要涉及可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词以及名词所有格;而完形填空侧重考查名词词意辨析。
◎考点1 可数名词及其单复数
可数名词单数变复数
规则变化 一般直接加s girl→girls, boy→boys, teacher→teachers
以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加es bus→buses, class→classes, box→boxes
watch→watches, match→matches
brush→brushes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词改y为i再加es story→stories, family→families, city→cities
规则变化 以f(e)结尾的名词变f(e)为v再加es 熟记口诀:
树叶(leaf→leaves)半数(half→halves)自己(self→selves)黄,妻子(wife→wives)拿刀(knife→knives)上山岗,架(shelf→shelves)后蹿出一只狼(wolf→wolves),好像强盗(thief→thieves)逃命(life→lives)忙
不规则变化 单复数形式相同 sheep→sheep, deer→deer
改变单数名词中的元音字母 man→men, woman→women, policeman→policemen
foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese
其他形式 mouse→mice, child→children, ox→oxen
以o结尾的 名词变复数 无生命意义 photo→photos, piano→pianos
有生命意义 熟记口诀:
英雄(hero→heroes)爱吃土豆(potato→potatoes)和西红柿(tomato→tomatoes)
表示“某国 人”的单数 名词变复数 单复数一致 Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese
将man变为men Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen
其余在国家后面加s German→Germans, American→Americans
Indian→Indians, Australian→Australians
Canadian→Canadians
复合名词 变复数 通常是最后一个名词变复数 an apple tree→six apple trees
boy student→boy students
由两个名词组合成的,如果前面名词是man或woman时,两个名词都变复数 man doctor→men doctors
woman teacher→women teachers
☆★经典考题★☆
1.【2021·广西】—Lisa, could you help me buy some on your way home
—OK, Mom.
A.egg B.beef C.banana D.potato
解析:句意:“Lisa,你能在回家的路上帮我买些牛肉吗 ”“好的,妈妈。”考查名词辨析。egg鸡蛋,可数名词;beef牛肉,不可数名词;banana香蕉,可数名词;potato土豆,可数名词。some修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词,ACD都应该用其复数形式,排除ACD,故选B。
答案:B
2.【2021·四川】Three fifths of the teachers in our school are .
A.man teachers B.men teachers
C.woman teachers D.women teacher
解析:句意:我们学校五分之三的教师是男教师。考查名词复数。结合动词are可知,名词要用复数形式,以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数,B选项正确,故选B。
答案:B
◎考点2 不可数名词
常见不可数名词
物质名词 液体 milk牛奶, water水, wine酒, oil油, orange橙汁
自然物质 soil土壤, sand沙子, wood木头
抽象名词 情感 joy高兴, friendship友情, peace和平, courage勇气
学科 math数学, geography地理,physics物理, chemistry化学
概念 population人口, knowledge知识, energy能量、精力, change改变, space空间, room空间、余地, advice 建议, time时间
注意:
①不可数名词不能直接用数字表示数量。
②不可数名词不能直接加a或an。
③不可数名词没有复数形式。
1.在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法。
(1)可用some, any, much, lots of, a lot of, plenty of, little, a little等修饰。其中some和any既可以修饰可数名词复数,也可以修饰不可数名词。如:
The rich man has a lot of money. 这个富人有很多钱。
There is some milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。
Is there any water in the glass 玻璃杯里有水吗
I don’t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice. 我不喜欢冬天,因为冬天有太多的雪和冰。
There is little water in the cup. 杯子里没有多少水了。
There is much time left, so you can take your time. 还有很多时间,因此你可以慢慢来。
(2)可用量词短语“不定冠词/基数词+计量词+of+不可数名词”来表示。常见的计量词有bottle, cup, bowl, glass, plate, pair, drop, piece等。如:
a cup of tea/coffee 一杯茶/咖啡,five drops of water 五滴水
如果要表示“两杯茶”“四张纸”这类概念,只需要把计量词变为复数,即单复数表现在of前面的计量词(名词)上,而of后始终是单数。如:
a bag of rice 一袋大米,three bags of rice 三袋大米
a glass of water 一杯水,five glasses of water 五杯水
2.有些名词既可以做可数名词,也可以做不可数名词,见下表:
单词 可数 不可数
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
room 房间 空间
fish 鱼 鱼肉
paper 报纸 纸张
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
orange 橙子 橙汁
time 次数 时间
☆★经典考题★☆
1.【2023·内蒙古】—What would you like to eat, honey
— .
A.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rices
B.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rice
C.Chickens with vegetables and two bowls of rice
D.Chickens with vegetable and two bowls of rices
解析:句意:“亲爱的,你想吃什么 ”“鸡肉加蔬菜,两碗米饭。”考查可数名词和不可数名词。chicken意为“鸡肉”时为不可数名词,没有复数形式,故C、D选项可排除。rice是不可数名词,没有复数形式,表达“两碗米饭”时要用two bowls of rice,故选B。
答案:B
2.【2021·黑龙江】—Can I help you
—Please give me about the trains to Daqing.
A.a few informations B.a little informations
C.a little information D.a few information
解析:句意:“我可以帮到你吗 ”“请告诉我一些去大庆的火车的情况。”考查不定代词及不可数名词。a few一些,修饰可数名词;a little一点,修饰不可数名词。information是不可数名词,无复数形式,排除A和B选项。修饰不可数名词用a little,故选C。
答案:C
◎考点3 名词所有格的构成及用法
名词所有格是中考的重点。名词所有格表示人或者事物的所有及所属关系,在句子中作定语。
1. ‘s 所有格。
(1)表示人或者有生命的名词的所有格的形式,单数名词的后面加“‘s”。如:
This is my father’s car. 这是我父亲的汽车。
(2)以s结尾的名词,其所有格只用在字母s的后面加“‘”。如:
Teachers’ Day 教师节
It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to my school. 从我家到学校步行大约要十分钟。
不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式仍然要加“‘s”。如:
Children’s Day 儿童节
Here is the Children’s Palace. 这里是少年宫。
(3)表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加“‘s”来构成所有格。如:
two weeks’ time 两周时间,China’s capital 中国的首都
Is there anything special in today’s newspaper 今天报纸上有什么特别的消息吗
(4)表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加 “‘s”代表全称。如:
at the doctor’s 在医生的诊所里, at Tom’s 在汤姆家, my aunt’s我姑姑家
(5)表示共同的所属关系时,只用在最后一个名词的后面加“‘s”。如:
This is Li Lei and Li Ping’s father. 这是李雷和李平的父亲。(两个人共同的父亲)
表示各自的所属关系时,则要在每个名词的后面分别加 “‘s”。如:
These are Li Lei’s and Li Ping’s books. 这些是李雷和李平的书。(两个人各自的书,并且不止一本书)
☆★经典考题★☆
1.【2023·青海】—What a clean and tidy room!
—Yes. It’s room.
A.Tina and Nina’s B.Tina’s and Nina
C.Tina and Nina D.Tina’s and Nina’s
解析:句意:“多干净整洁的房间啊!”“是的。它是Tina和Nina的房间。”考查名词所有格。根据句意,空处应用名词所有格,表示“……的”,故排除C项;根据空后“room”是单数可知,这是Tina和Nina共有的房间。两者或两者以上共同所有,只在最后一个名词的后面加’s,故选A。
答案:A
2.【2021·重庆】June 1st is Day.
A.Children B.Children’s C.Child D.Child’s
解析:句意:六月一日是儿童节。考查名词所有格中节日的表达。Children’s Day儿童节,是固定表达,故选B。
答案:B
2.用of表示所有格。
(1)表示无生命的名词的所有格要用“of+名词”的形式,有时也用于有生命的名词。如:
Look at the map of China, please. 请看这张中国地图。
I know the girl’s name/the name of the girl. 我知道这个女孩的名字。
(2)双重所有格。
of+名词所有格。如:
a friend of my father’s 我爸爸的一个朋友,a book of Tom’s 汤姆的一本书
of+名词性的物主代词。如:
a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
I gave him two photos of mine. 我给了他两张我的照片。
☆★经典考题★☆
【2023·黑龙江】Miss Black is a friend of , she always looks after my sister.
A.Mary’s mother’s B.Mary’s mother’ C.Mary mother’s
解析:句意:Miss Black是Mary的妈妈的朋友,她一直照料我的妹妹。Mary’s是Mary的名词所有格形式,表示“玛丽的”;mother’s是mother的名词所有格形式,表示“妈妈的”。故选A。
答案:A
◎考点4 名词辨析
有些名词在不同的语境中有不同的词义。近年广东中考完形填空题每年都有2~3小题考查名词词义辨析,旨在考查学生能否通过对上下文的理解,选用合适的词汇。
☆★经典考题★☆
1.【2022·广东】
“We always do what you want to do, Cindy. It’s my turn to make a 47 ,” Anna said. She was getting a little unhappy and 48 leaving Cindy alone.
…
When it was time for lunch, Cindy finally told Mrs. Stone the 53 . “Thank you for being 54 , Cindy. I’m sure Anna will be thankful that you have given me her notebook,” said Mrs. Stone.
47.A.promise B.project C.decision D.dialogue
53.A.chance B.method C.truth D.rule
解析:47.结合上下文语境可推知,此处指“轮到我做决定了”。短语make a decision意为“做决定”。
53.结合上下文语境可推知,Cindy最后把真相告诉了Mrs.Stone。chance意为“机会”,method意为“方法”,truth意为“真相”,rule意为“规则”。
答案:47.C 53.C
2.【2022·广东】
A wealthy man loved his son very much. As he wanted his son to lead a happy life, he decided to send him to see a wise old man for his advice on happiness.
When the old man learnt about his 46 , he handed the boy an empty bowl and said, “Go to the river miles away and …
…
“Well, young man,” the old man said. “Enjoy the beauty of the world, but never forget the water in your bowl. This is the 55 of happiness.”
46. A.research B.promise C.purpose D.experience
55.A.result B.cause C.secret D.decision
解析:46.结合上下文可推断,此处指老人了解了他的“意图”,故所缺的词是purpose。research意为“调查,研究”,promise意为“承诺”,purpose意为“目的,意图”,experience意为“经历”。
55.结合上文的描述可推断,老人说的是“这就是快乐的秘诀”,故所缺的词是secret。 result意为“结果”,cause意为“起因,原因”,secret意为“秘诀”,decision意为“决定”。
答案:46.C 55.C
1.【2022·天津】Most parents think it is a good B to take a school bus because it’s quite safe.
A.risk B.choice C.game D.pity
2.【2022·安徽】—I do morning exercises every day.It works my whole body.
—It’s a good habit.It helps you keep in good C .
A.time B.touch C.health D.silence
3.【2022·重庆B卷】It’s raining heavily.Please take the C .
A.stone B.flower C.umbrella D.postcard
B
C
C
4.【2022·重庆A卷】This year,the family went camping on D Day,June 1st.
A.Child B.Child’s C.Children D.Children’s
5.【2023·岳阳】So many young people regard C as the most delicious drink.
A.salad B.porridge C.milk shake
6.【2022·连云港】The hat is not the right A for me.I’d like a smaller one.
A.size B.style C.colour D.material
7.【2023·宿迁】My grandma is good at paper-cutting.She can cut out pictures in the C of cartoon characters.
A.ability B.weight C.shape D.quality
D
C
A
C
8.【2022·扬州】We youths do our best for our dreams and together a small success can give us a sense of A .
A.achievement B.department
C.treatment D.entertainment
9.【2021·广西】Uncle Li has a farm, there are some C on the farm.
A.chicken and sheep B.chickens and sheeps
C.chickens and sheep D.chicken and sheeps
A
C
10.【2021·贵州】—You have a nice house! Whose room is this
—It’s A .
A.Jack and Peter’s B.Jack’s and Peter’s
C.Jack’s and Peter D.Jack and Peter
11.【2021·黑龙江】The pink hair band must belong to B .
A.Linda’s B.Linda C.hers
12.【2021·山东】—I’m sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away.
—So am I. We lost a hero. His D on hybrid(杂交)rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating.
A.surveys B.reports C.researches D.achievements
A
B
D
13.【2021·贵州】The movie named A Little Red Flower shows C love for their children.
A.parents B.parent’s C.parents’
14.【2023·湖北】My uncle works in a hospital, and he is a C .
A.doctors B.nurses C.doctor
15.【2021·湖南】We see some A rising into the air at the opening of our new library.
A.balloons B.balloon C.balloones
C
C
A
16.【2021·江苏】The C Lianyungang-Xuzhou High-speed Railway was open to the public this year.
A.180 kilometre long B.180 kilometres long
C.180-kilometre-long D.180-kilometres-long
17.【2021·重庆】There are many C teachers in this primary school.
A.woman B.woman’s C.women D.women’s
C
C
感谢大家