(共59张PPT)
2024年中考总复习英语课件
第一部分 语法专项复习
第3节 数 词
广东省卷近5年中考统计
年份 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年 2023年
考点 基数词 — — — — —
序数词 — 第32题 — — —
分数的表达 — 第35题 — — —
分值 1分 1分 0分 0分 0分
1.—Excuse me, sir. Here’s a package for Lin Tao. Which room does he live in
— .
A.308 Room B.Room 308
C.The Room 308 D.The 308 Room
解析:本题考查名词加数词的用法。表示“几号房间”应用“Room+房间号”,故选B。
答案:B
真题再现
2.It’s never too old to learn. Karl Marx began to learn English in his .
A.the fiftieth B.fiftieth C.fifty D.fifties
解析:本题考查数词的用法。表示“在某人五十多岁的时候”应用 in one’s fifties。
答案:D
3. I live in Room 403, Sam lives in the room right above mine, on the floor.
A.third B.three C.fifth D.five
解析:本题考查序数词的用法。题干中提到了“我住在403房间”及“Sam正好住在我楼上的房间”,由此可知,Sam住在五楼,故要用序数词fifth。
答案:C
4. Please turn to page and take a look at the picture on it.
A.the eightieth B.eightieth C.eighties D.eighty
解析:本题考查数词的用法。表示“第80页”要用page eighty 或 the eightieth page。
答案:D
5.Two months ago, China tested its aircraft carrier(航空母舰) built completely on its own.
A.one B.first C.the one D.the first
解析:本题考查序数词的用法。句意:两个月前,中国测试了完全由自己建造的第一艘航空母舰。第一艘航空母舰应是the first aircraft carrier;序数词前面已有形容词性物主代词,不再用定冠词。故选B。
答案:B
6.According to a survey, four out of five women do housework at home,but only of men would do it.
A.four fifth B.four fifths C.two fifth D.two fifths
解析:本题考查分数的表达及句意理解。根据空格前的but可知此处表示“只有五分之二的男人做家务”,“五分之二”的正确表达形式为two fifths。
答案:D
7.We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her birthday.
A.seventy B.the seventy
C.the seventieth D.seventieth
解析:本题考查序数词的用法。句意:我们为我们的国家感到骄傲。2019年是她的70岁生日。seventy意为“70”,seventieth意为“第70”。表达几岁生日要用序数词,当序数词前有形容词性物主代词时,要把the省略掉。故选D。
答案:D
数词表示数目和顺序,分为基数词和序数词。基数词是表示人或事物数量多少的词;序数词是表示人或事物的顺序的词。同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词,以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查的主要题型有单项填空、完形填空、阅读理解等,在听力测试中也占有较大比例。考生应掌握基数词与序数词之间的转化、数词的用法和读法、分数表达法等,特别容易出错的hundred、thousand、million的用法也是常考的知识点。
考点解读
◎考点1 基数词
1.基数词的构成。
1~12 13~19 20~90 100以上
1→one 13→thirteen 20→twenty 100→a/one hundred
2→two 14→fourteen 21→twenty-one 300→three hundred
3 →three 15→fifteen 22→twenty-two 1,000→a/one thousand
4→four 16→sixteen 30→thirty 5,000→five thousand
5→five 17→seventeen 40→forty 1,000,000→a million
6→six 18→eighteen 50→fifty 1,000,000,000→a billion
7→seven 19→nineteen 60→sixty
1~12 13~19 20~90 100以上
8→eight 70→seventy
9→nine 80→eighty
10→ten 90→ninety
11→eleven
12→twelve
2.基数词的读法。
(1) 三位数以上的基数词,在百位和十位之间一般要用连词and。如:
101读作:one hundred and one
238读作:two hundred and thirty-eight
3456读作:three thousand four hundred and fifty-six
(2)英语中没有表示“万”的单词,要用thousand来表示。如:
一万读作:ten thousand;五十万读作:five hundred thousand
(3) 四位数以上的数则要借助科学计数法,从个位往前数,每三位数用一个逗号“,”隔开,从右往左第一个逗号表示“千”,读thousand;第二个逗号表示“百万”,读million;第三个逗号表示“十亿”,读billion。如:
18,657,421读作:eighteen million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand, four hundred and twenty-one
(4)数字表示年份时,常分成两部分读。如:
1952 读作:nineteen fifty-two
3.基数词表示数量的多少。如:
There are fifty students in our class. 我们班有50名学生。
☆★经典考题★☆
1.【2022·广西】Last year, I visited a chemical factory in Baise, there are about workers in it.
A.six thousands B.six thousand
C.six thousands of D.six thousand of
解析:本题考查数词的用法,“六千名工人”的正确表达是“six thousand workers”,故选B。
2.【2023·西藏】The new bridge is metres long.
A.six hundred, fifty and five B.six hundreds and fifty-five
C.six hundred, fifty-five D.six hundred and fifty-five
解析:句意:这座新桥655米长。101—999的表示法是先说“几百”,后接and,再加末尾两位数(或末位数),排除A和C;具体的数字修饰“百”,“百”后不能加s,排除B,故选D。
4.确数和概数的表达。
数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion(表示具体数字)
没有具体的数词+hundreds/thousands/millions/billions(表示概数)
hundred, thousand, million, billion在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。 如:
five hundred people 五百人
只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数形式。如:
hundreds of 数以百计的,成百上千的
thousands of 数以千计的,成千上万的
millions of 数百万的
注意:hundreds of, thousands of, millions of前可用several, many, some等词修饰,不能用具体数字修饰。
☆★经典考题★☆
1.【2021·清远】Every year, people go to visit their factory
A.a thousand of B.thousands
C.thousand of D.thousands of
解析:数词hundred, thousand, million等后面跟of 时,要变复数,排除C。thousand前接具体数字时,后面不能跟of,排除A。thousands后要加of,排除B。 故选D。
2.【2023·四川】In our school every student has to choose a club to join, so about one students have joined the Sports Club.
A.hundred of B.hundreds of C.hundred D.hundreds
解析:句意:在我们学校,每个学生都要选择一个俱乐部去参加,所以大约有一百名学生参加了体育俱乐部。表示确切的数量,要用基数词+数词的单数形式;表示概数,用数词的复数形式+of。空前one是基数词,故此空应填数词的单数形式,故选C。
答案:C
3.【2021·山东】—China is a great country with a history of about five years.
—Yes. And of foreigners come to visit it every year.
A.thousand;thousand B.thousands;thousands
C.thousand;thousands D.thousands;thousand
解析:句意:“中国是一个有着约五千年历史的伟大国家。”“是的。每年都有成千上万的外国人来参观。”根据第一空前“five”可知,与具体数字连用时,表示大数的单词通常不加s,所以第一空用thousand,排除选项B和D。结合答句语境可知,当大数表示不确定的泛指时,则不仅要加s且要后接of,这样才能接名词,构成“thousands of成千上万”。故选C。
答案:C
5.表示时刻。
(1)整点:基数词+o’clock
(2)直接表达法。适合于任何一种时间表达式,即先读小时,再读分钟。如:
3:25读作:three twenty-five
7:05读作:seven o five
(3)逆读法。即先读分钟,再读小时。
①分钟小于30的用“past”,中文译为“过”。即“分钟+past+时钟”,中文译为“几点过几分”。如:
3:25读作:twenty-five past three
②超过30分钟(不包括30分钟)用“to”,中文译为“差”。即“(60-分钟数)+to+(钟点数+1)”,中文译为“几点差几分”。如:
3:55读作:five to four
(4)半小时用“half”,一刻钟(即15分钟)用“quarter”。如:
3:30读作:half past three
3:15读作:a quarter past three
3:45读作:a quarter to four
注意:一个半小时的表达方式:one/an hour and a half=one and a half hours
6.表示年龄。
(1)直接用基数词表示。如:
My brother is ten. 我的弟弟十岁了。
(2)基数词+years old表示“……岁”。如:
My brother is ten years old.我的弟弟十岁了。
(3) “at the age of+基数词”表示“在某人……岁时”。如:
He became a doctor at the age of thirty. 他三十岁时成为一名医生。
(4) 用“基数词-year-old”构成复合形容词,表示“……岁的”。此结构常作定语,三个词之间用连字符连接,后面加名词。如:
My brother is a ten-year-old boy. 我弟弟是个十岁的男孩。
注意:数词与其他词构成复合形容词,即“基数词-单数名词-形容词”时,其中的名词要用单数形式。如:
a three-month-old baby 一个三个月大的婴儿
(5)“in one’s+整十的复数” 表示“在某人几十多岁时”。如:
in one’s fifties 在某人五十多岁时
in one’s eighties 在某人八十多岁时
☆★经典考题★☆
1.【2022·辽宁】—We should try to devote(献身于)ourselves to our country like Yuan Longping.
—I think so. He still worked on the research into agriculture(农业)at the age of .
A.eighties B.eightieth C.eighty D.eighty-year-old
解析:句意:“我们应该努力像袁隆平一样为祖国奉献自己。”“我想是的。他八十岁时仍在从事农业研究。”eighties八十多;eightieth第八十;eighty八十;eighty-year-old八十岁。固定搭配at the age of+基数词,表示“在……岁时”,故选C。
答案:C
2.【2021·黑龙江】My aunt became a nurse in her and she still loves her job now.
A.twenties B.twentieth C.twenty
解析:句意:我姑姑二十多岁就当了护士,现在她仍然热爱她的工作。考查年龄的表达。twenties二十的复数形式;twentieth第二十;twenty二十;此处是“in one’s+年龄整数的复数”的结构,表示年龄段,故选A。
答案:A
3.【2023·江苏】Wu Dajing, a Chinese skater, set a new world record at the Short Track World Cup last year.
A.25-years-old B.25 year old
C.25-year-old D.25 years old
解析:句意:25岁的中国短道速滑运动员武大靖在去年的短道速滑世界杯上创造了新的世界纪录。由数字、名词和形容词加连字符构成的词为复合形容词,也称限定词,其结构为“数字-名词-形容词”,中间的名词必须用单数形式,故选C。
答案:C
7.“another+基数词+名词复数”或“基数词+more+名词复数”表示在已有基础上再增加一定的数量。如:
He ate another two cakes. 他又吃了两块蛋糕。
They need one more hour to finish their homework.他们还需要一个小时来完成作业。
8.几个半的表达法。
基数词+and+a half+名词复数=基数词+名词(单数/复数)+and+a half
two and a half hours=two hours and a half两个半小时
☆★经典考题★☆
【2022·湖南】The workers will complete the new bridge in .
A.two and a half months B.two months and half
C.two and a half month
解析:本题考查基数词,句意:工人们将在两个半月后完成这座新桥。“两个半月” 有两种说法:two months and a half和two and a half months,故选A。
答案:A
◎考点2 序数词
序数词大多是由基数词变化而来的,其构成形式如下:
1~10 11~19 20~90 100以上
1→first→1st 11→eleventh→11th 20→twentieth→20th 100→one hundredth→100th
2→second→2nd 12→twelfth→12th 21→twenty-first→21st 103→one hundred and third→103rd
3→third→3rd 13→thirteenth→13th 30→thirtieth→30th 134→one hundred and thirty-fourth→134th
4→fourth→4th 14→fourteenth→14th 37→thirty-seventh→37th 200→two hundredth→200th
1~10 11~19 20~90 100以上
5→fifth→5th 15→fifteenth→15th 40→fortieth→40th 1,000→one thousandth→1,000th
6→sixth→6th 16→sixteenth→16th 50→fiftieth→50th 1,000,000→one millionth→1,000,000th
7→seventh→7th 17→seventeenth→17th 60→sixtieth→60th 1,000,000,000→one billionth→1,000,000,000th
8→eighth→8th 18→eighteenth→18th 70→seventieth→70th
9→ninth→9th 19→nineteenth→19th 80→eightieth→80th
10→tenth→10th 90→ninetieth→90th
【巧学妙记】
基数词变序数词的规律口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾多加th。一二三,特殊记,词尾各是t,d,d(first, second, third)。
th,四加起,five,twelve是两兄弟。八去t,九去e,ve要用f替。
ty变作tie,再加th莫忘记。若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。
1.表示顺序。
序数词表示顺序时,其前常加定冠词the,其后接单数名词。如:
The second picture is very beautiful. 第二幅画很漂亮。
☆★经典考题★☆
1.【2021·青海】—I like number “9” best, because I think it stands for “long lasting”.
—Me too. So I chose floor to live on.
A.nine B.ninth C.the ninth D.nineteen
解析:句意:“我最喜欢数字‘9’,因为我认为它代表‘持久’。”“我也是。所以我选择住在九楼。”nine九,基数词;ninth第九,序数词;the ninth第九,the+序数词;nineteen十九,基数词。根据“floor”可知此处表示第九层,用序数词ninth表顺序,其前加定冠词the。故选C。
答案:C
2.【2021·辽宁】As we all know, the Yellow River is longest river in China.
A.the twice B.the second C.twice D.second
解析:句意:众所周知,黄河是中国第二长的河流。考查序数词的用法。the twice两次;the second第二;twice两次;second第二。根据“the Yellow River is longest river in China.”可知,黄河是中国第二长的河流,此处表示顺序,应用序数词,“second”表示“第二”,序数词前要加定冠词the。故选B。
答案:B
2.序数词前与不定冠词a/an 连用时,表示 “又一,再一”。如:
You’ve done it three times.Why not try a fourth time 你已经试过三次了。为什么不试第四次呢
◎考点3 数词的应用
1.表示编号名词+基数词=the+序数词+名词。如:
Lesson One=the first lesson
这种情况有时直接用阿拉伯数字来表示。如:
Class 7,Room 201
注意:(1)如果数字较大时,特别是房间、页码、公交车号、电话号码等编号,一般仅用“名词+基数词”表达。如:
Room 101 101号房间
(2)使用时要注意大小写。
☆★经典考题★☆
【2023·四川】There are 50 student in Class 1, they went to different places on Children’s Day(each student only went to one place). According to the chart, students went to Qionghai Wetland Park.
Laushan Mountain Luoji Mountain Qionghai Wetland Park The Moon Lake Park
30% 40% 10%
A.fifteen B.twenty C.five D.ten
解析:句意:1班有50名学生,他们在儿童节去了不同的地方(每个学生只去了一个地方)。根据图表, 学生去了琼海湿地公园。考查数字运算。根据“There are 50 student in Class 1”可知,1班总共有50名学生,去琼海湿地公园的学生占比100%-30%-40%-10%=20%,50×20%=10,故选D。
答案:D
2.分数的表达法。
分数的构成:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子是1时,分子、分母都用单数形式;当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。如:
one fourth 四分之一;three fourths 四分之三
Three fifths of the land is covered with trees and grass in Pingjiang, Yueyang. 岳阳平江五分之三的陆地覆盖着草木。
☆★经典考题★☆
1.【2021·黑龙江】 of the land is covered with forests.
A.Three quarter B.Three quarters C.Third quarters
解析:句意:四分之三的土地被森林覆盖。考查分数的表达。英语中3/4的表达结构是three fourths/quarters,其中quarter表示“四分之一”,three是大于1的数,quarter应用复数形式,故选B。
答案:B
2.【2021·贵州】About of the students in Kaili to school by bus.
A.two fifth;go B.two fifths;go
C.two fifth;goes D.two fifths;goes
解析:句意:在凯里大约五分之二的学生坐公共汽车上学。考查分数的表达和主谓一致。“五分之二”的英文表达方式为two fifths,故A、C选项可排除。分数构成的主语,谓语动词与of后的名词一致,students是复数名词,谓语go应用原形go,故选B。
答案:B
3.【2021·广西】—Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school
—In our school, of the teachers women teachers.
A.third fourth;are B.third fourth;is
C.three fourths;is D.three fourths;are
解析:句意:“Susan,你们学校有多少女老师 ”“在我们学校,四分之三的教师是女教师。”考查分数表达法及其用法。在英语中,分数的表达方法是“基数词(分子)+序数词(分母)”,分子超过1时,分母加s,故排除A、B项;含有分数主语的谓语动词形式,由of后面的名词决定,句中of后的名词teachers是复数形式,故谓语动词应用复数形式are。故选D。
答案:D
3.日期的表达法。
(1)按“月、日、年”顺序表达,“日”用序数词,“年”用基数词。年份的读法:先读前两位数,再读后两位数。读“日”时要加the。如:
1900年读作:nineteen hundred
1998年读作:nineteen ninety-eight
2008年读作:two thousand eight
2007年3月21日读作:March the twenty-first, two thousand and seven
(2)按“日、月、年”顺序表达,读作“the+序数词+of+月, 年”。如:
2007年3月21日读作:the twenty-first of March, two thousand and seven
(3)表示“在……世纪”,用“in the+序数词+century”。如:
in the nineteenth century 在 19 世纪
(4)表示“在……世纪……年代”,用“in the+年份的复数”。如:
in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代
☆★经典考题★☆
【2020·重庆】Teachers’ Day is in September, the month of the year.
A.nine B.ninth C.ten D.tenth
解析:句意:教师节在九月,一年中的第九个月份。考查序数词。nine九,基数词;ninth第九,序数词;ten十,基数词;tenth第十,序数词。根据常识可知,九月是一年中的第九个月份,故C和D不对;且这里应用序数词,表示顺序。故选B。
答案:B
5.表示倍数。
once 一倍 twice 两倍 three times 三倍
三倍或以上用“基数词+times”表示。
4.数词前加every,表示“每……/每隔……”。如:
every ten days =every ninth day 每十天(每隔九天)
◎考点4 序数词前什么时候不用the修饰
在英语中,使用序数词时前面要加定冠词 the,但是,在下面的情况下则不加the:
1.当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时,序数词前不用加the。如:
Mother was my first teacher in my life.母亲是我生命中的第一个老师。
2.当表达分数时,序数词前不用加the。如:
One fifth of the students here are from the country. 这里五分之一的学生来自农村。
3.当表达“又一,再一”时,序数词前不用 the,但可加不定冠词。如:
Please give me a second chance. 请再给我一次机会。
4.当表达“年月日”时,尤其在朗读时,序数词前要加the;但当书写时,序数词前不用加the。如:
He was born on June 6th, 1974. 他出生于1974年6月6日。
5.当序数词在句中作状语时,序数词前不用加the。如:
Who got there second 谁第二个到那里的
6.当表达考试(赛跑等)中获得的名次时,序数词前不用加the。如:
She stands first in her class. 她在班上成绩排名第一。
7.当用在一些习语中时,序数词前不用加the。如:
Business first and pleasure afterwards. 先做事而后娱乐。
First come, first served. 捷足先登/先到者优先。
at first sight 乍一看到
first and last 总计,一共
first of all 首先
1.【2022·河池】Nowadays, D birds fly to the warm south in winter.
A.million B.millions C.two millions D.millions of
2.【2022·营口】Tom was angry because Jerry ate D of his nine apples secretly.Now he had only three left.
A.a quarter B.one third C.a half D.two thirds
3.【2023·朝阳】—It is Mom’s C birthday next Wednesday.What should we do
—What about buying her flowers to show our love
A.forty;forty B.forty;fortieth
C.fortieth;forty D.fortieth;fortieth
D
D
C
真题演练
4.【2022·广西】There are A people in the picture,and the one from the left is me.
A.eight;third B.eight;three
C.eighth;third D.eighth;three
5.【2023·郴州】About A of my classmates help their parents do housework on weekends.
A.two fifths B.second five C.second fifths
6.【2021·广西】This Saturday is my B birthday.
A.fourteen B.fourteenth C.forty D.the fortieth
A
A
B
7.【2021·湖北】—Excuse me, where’s the library
—Go along this road, and turn right at D crossing. It is on your left.
A.one B.the one C.first D.the first
8.【2023·贵州】There are D floors in this building. He lives on the floor.
A.thirty;nine B.thirtieth;nine
C.thirtieth;ninth D.thirty;ninth
9.【2021·四川】—Our school is going to hold the B Culture Festival.
—I see. And we can take part in the activity again.
A.five B.fifth C.fifths
D
D
B
10.【2021·四川】My mother will be B years old next week. I’m planning to buy a gift for her birthday.
A.fourty;fourtieth B.forty;fortieth
C.fourty;fortieth D.forty;fourtieth
11.【2022·甘肃】—What’s twenty and fifty
—It’s B .
A.fifty B.seventy C.eighty D.ninety
B
B
12.【2023·四川】—When was the Communist Party of China founded
—In 1921. It’s her B birthday this year.
A.hundred B.hundredth
C.hundreds of D.the hundredth
13.【2022·绥化】There are C paintings on exhibition (展览). works were created by young artists.
A.two hundred;Two hundreds B.two hundreds;Hundreds of
C.hundreds of;Two hundred
B
C
14.【2022·龙东】The Great Wall is a symbol of China.It attracts A travelers from all over the world to visit it.
A.millions of B.ten million of C.ten millions
15.【2023·黔东南】— C is the population of Guizhou
—It has more than people.
A.How much;thirty-eight millions of B.How many;thirty-eight million of
C.What;thirty-eight million D.How large;thirty-eight millions
16.【2022·齐齐哈尔】We will have a B holiday after the entrance examination for senior high school.
A.two months B.two-month C.two-months
A
C
B
17.【2022·铜仁】—I have been to Mount Fanjing three times.What about you
—I have been there three times,too.And I would like to visit it a D time.
A.three B.third C.four D.fourth
D
感谢大家