中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题06 阅读理解技巧及（精选热点文章）分层练20篇
·模块一 阅读单选技巧
·模块二 阅读单选（名校期末真题）进阶练20篇
（一）直接理解题
这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多，例如：
（1）Which of the following statements is true ／ false
（2）Which of the following is（not）mentioned
（3）How many ／ How much ／ Where ／ How ／ What……
（4）What does the writer think about
（5）Which is the right order of the events given in thepassage
要快速辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法。查阅是读者在对材料有所了解的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻找答案，往往与略读综合使用，具体方法与步骤如下：
（1）略读材料，了解原文大意，掌握其中心意思或主旨。
（2）按文章的体裁、作者写作的组织模式及有关信息词，如for example，first，second……预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
（3）将自己的精力放在寻找所需要的细节上，快速通篇阅读，眼睛自左至右、自下而上呈Z形扫视，待找到含有相关细节的句子时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对，比较内容，直至找到答案。
（二）语义理解题
在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的意思。此类问题考查学生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、词语或短句意义的能力。常见的题型有：直接对生词进行解释；对多义词或短语在文章具体语言环境中的意义作出准确判断；对英语中的一些格言或谚语进行解释；对文中一些代词的指代对象作出界定等。这种题型常见的设题方式如下：
（1）The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means______.
（2）The word“it/them”in the first paragraph refers to______.
（3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means____.
（4）What does the underlined word“…”refer to______.
（5）By … the writer means______.
在做此类题时，考生应紧扣原文，根据上下文语境进行判断，切不要望文生义或断章取义，也不能只选择自己熟悉的意思。猜测词义的常见方法有：
1）根据构词法猜测词义；
（2）根据上下文猜测词义；
（3）根据定义或解释猜测词义；
（4）根据同义词、反义词以及对比关系猜测词义；
（5）根据生活常识猜测词义。
（三）逻辑推理题
推理判断试题属于深层阅读理解题。它要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。这种题型常见的设题方式有：
（1）From the text，it can be inferred that______.
（2）The passage suggests that______.
（3）Which of the following best describes______.
（4）The writer’s attitude towards…is______.
（5）From the text，we learn that______.
这种题目有一定难度，解答时必须根据上下文及相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等文外之意加以推理。解此类题目可从以下几方面入手：
（1）根据常识判断。即解题时，除弄清文意外，还需借助生活常识、风土人情、传说掌故、名人轶事等进行判断。
（2）根据知识判断。即解题时，运用一些一般性知识，如天文、地理、文学、艺术、科技等自然科学和社会科学知识。
（3）根据计算判断。即解题时，运用一些数学知识进行和差、面积、体积、速度等方面的运算。
（4）根据情节判断。即解题时，从情节所提供的基本事实出发，寻找一定规律，如时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据。这种题目最容易出现，考生要从时间、地点、事件的情节安排与发展中，深入探讨其逻辑关系及隐喻、引申等因素。
（四）归纳总结题
这种题型要求学生在理解全文的基础上，对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有：
（1）The general idea of the passage is about______.
2）The main idea of the article is______.
（3）The main purpose of this selection is______.
4）The passage suggests that______.
5）Which of the following best states the theme of thepassage
具体解题时，应注意一些技巧：
（1）首先看短文的开头和结尾，确定短文题材，预测其内容。每段的第一句话往往会提供重要信息，可以帮助我们搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。
（2）速读全文，整体理解短文大意，抓住关键词语，弄清文章的主旨。
（3）根据已知短文内容，着手解题。可先将文后的选择题看一下，然后带着问题再去阅读。这样做，一方面有助于对文章进一步理解，另一方面可以有针对性地从文章中寻找答案。
（4）迅速复读全文，检查自己的理解是否正确，所选答案是否前后矛盾。通过全面考虑，最后确定答案。
（2022上·江苏盐城·八年级统考期末）The children of the clouds （云的孩子们）
High above our heads we see the clouds, sometimes white as wool, sometimes dark and angry, and sometimes shining like gold.
Rain is the eldest child of the clouds. At times he is mild（温和的）and gentle, falling softly and lightly on the dry ground, cooling the dusty streets, and giving water to the thirsty plants and flowers. At other times he comes, flying before the wind. Then he beats against the window panes（窗格）and makes a loud noise on the roofs. He often fills the rivers till they break over their banks, cover the fields and do much harm in their rage.
Snow is rain’s sister. In many parts of the world, she spreads a soft blanket of white over the bare, brown earth. That way she keeps the seeds of plants and trees alive all through the winter. Boys and girls love to play with her.
Hail（冰雹）is snow’s brother. He is a spoiled child and can cause a lot of damage（损害）. He can break windows, damage the grapes of vines and throw the fruit off fruit trees to show where he has been.
Dew（露水）is the youngest baby of the family. He comes by night, and sprinkles diamonds on the flowers and grass. In winter he sometimes is very cold and comes as frost. Frost bites and pinches because it is so cold.
In this way rain, snow, hail, and dew are the four children of the clouds.
1．From Paragraph l, we know that ______.
A．clouds are lively B．clouds are in different colors
C．clouds are like our heads D．black clouds are hard to see
2．Which of the following is TRUE about the rain according to the passage
A．Sometimes it falls heavily on the flowers.
B．It can destroy the fields and banks.
C．It never flies before a strong wind.
D．It never lasts for a long time.
3．What does the underlined word “spoiled” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 4
A．自由的 B．懒散的 C．被宠坏的 D．骄傲的
4．Which of the following expressions can be put in the blank in Paragraph 2
A．Sometimes he is very wild and rude.
B．Rain is always gentle and nice.
C．He often washes away villages.
D．Rain is very quiet and never makes noise.
5．What can we know from the passage
A．It’s hard for snow to keep all plants alive.
B．Boys and girls like to play with dew.
C．Dew comes after the rain.
D．Dew is the youngest child of the family.
（2022上·江苏·八年级统考期末）On April 29, the National People’s Congress （NPC）passed a new food waste law that will be carried out immediately, CGTN reported. The newly-passed law more clearly defines（定义）food waste, as well as makes clear the responsibilities（责任）of both diners and restaurants.
According to the law, when people fail to make good use of food and drinks or throw them away at will, they are wasting food. However, there might be different reasons for leaving food uneaten. For example, students might not finish their meal because they don’t think it tastes good. In this situation, school cafeterias should improve the taste of their food.
On the other hand, restaurants should not mislead diners to order too much food, either. Otherwise, they will face a fine of up to 10, 000 yuan. Restaurants can charge（收费）diners a disposal fee（处理费用）if they waste too much food, China Daily reported.
The new law will ensure food safety and promote thrift（勤俭节约）. “Food that is wasted should be used in a much better way,” said Wu Zidan, a professor at Jilin University.
Food waste is a serious problem in China. The new law aims to prevent food waste and achieve one of the goals of the UN 2030 Agenda: Zero Hunger. The world is in danger of a food crisis（危机）in the next 50 years, according to a UN report.
6．What is included in the new law
①A clear definition of food waste.
②Ways to deal with leftovers（吃剩的食物）.
③Diners’ responsibilities.
④Restaurants’ responsibilities.
A．①②③. B．①②④. C．①③④. D．②③④.
7．Which of the following is food waste
A．Throwing away unfinished food. B．Throwing away food that isn’t cooked correctly.
C．Throwing away food that can’t be eaten. D．Eating and drinking too much.
8．What will happen if diners leave too much food in restaurants
A．They will be asked to take the leftovers away. B．They will be charged 10, 000 yuan.
C．The restaurant will face a fine of 100, 000 yuan. D．They will have to pay a disposal fee.
9．Why does the NPC pass the new law
A．To stop eating too much. B．To improve public health.
C．To collect wasted food and reuse it. D．To prevent food waste.
（2022上·江苏无锡·八年级统考期末）
I’m Black Beauty. My hoof（蹄）was badly hurt. I could not work. I stayed in a field. Ginger came into the field. She was sick and angry.
“You can’t work,” she said, “and I can’t breathe（呼吸）.”
“The lord’s son made me race, he is very heavy, and I’m too old to race. He kept beating me. I nearly died.”
A week later, the lord and York came into the field. They watched me move. “That horse is useless, and we cannot keep him here. We must sell him,” the lord said.
A week later, York led me away. York’s friend who lived in another city bought me. I was very sad and so was Ginger.
My new owner had many horses and coaches. Many of the drivers were not very good. Some of them made us wear tight（紧的）reins（缰绳）.
I now worked with Peggy. She was a beautiful horse, but she walked strangely.
“My legs are short,” she told me, “My first owner sold me to a new owner. The new owner was not good. He did not care about me. He cared only about going quickly.”
My next owner was Mr. Barry. The name of his stableman（马夫）was Fletcher.
At first, Fletcher gave me food. Then he stopped giving me good food. He gave me only grass. He took my food away and gave it to his rabbits.
One day, Mr. Barry’s friend came to see him.
“Your horse doesn’t look well,” he said. “He’s too thin. He’s not getting enough to eat.” “I buy a lot of good food for him.” Mr. Barry said.
“Perhaps your stableman is stealing your horse’s food.” Mr. Barry’s friend said. Mr. Barry found out the truth, and he sent for the police. They took Fletcher away.
Soon a new stableman came. He was very lazy, and never cleaned the stable（马厩）. He covered old, dirty straw（稻草）with clean straw.
“I can’t trust stablemen,” Mr. Barry said, “I shall not keep a horse.”
10．Who walked strangely
A．Ginger. B．Peggy. C．Black Beauty. D．Fletcher.
11．Why didn’t Mr. Barry want to keep a horse
A．Because the horse was thin. B．Because the horse was dirty.
C．Because the stablemen were bad. D．Because the horse had no food to eat.
12．Which is the right order according to the passage
a. York sold Black Beauty to his friend.
b. Ginger was sick and angry.
c. The police took Fletcher away.
d. Black Beauty came to Mr. Barry’s house.
A．a﹣b﹣d﹣c B．b﹣a﹣c﹣d C．a﹣c﹣d﹣b D．b﹣a﹣d﹣c
13．What can we infer （推断） from the story
A．Black Beauty will become strong enough. B．Black Beauty will be sold again.
C．Ginger may work with Black Beauty. D．Fletcher will live a happy life.
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）
The Shenzhou-15 crewed spaceship was launched (发射) successfully from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China on the evening of November 29, 2022.
The spaceship took three astronauts (Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu) to carry out the Shenzhou-15 spaceflight mission (任务). This is the second time Fei has gone into space.”Fei is the commander.” said Ji Qiming, the director of the CMSA．
After entering orbit (轨道), Fei’s team made the first in-orbit shift with the three Shenzhou-14 crew. Then, the Shenzhou-15 spaceship entered the country’s space station. There, Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu met with another three astronauts of the Shenzhou-14 spaceship. This was a historic time, because this was the first time that as many as six Chinese people were travelling in space at the same time. They took a group picture with their thumbs up. The six astronauts lived and worked together for about five days to finish planned tasks and handover work. After that, the Shenzhou-14 crew flew back to the Earth.
The Shenzhou-15 crew will stay inside the Tiangong space station and carry out three to four spacewalks through the mission. Their main tasks include unlocking, installing and testing 15 scientific equipment (设备) doing more than 40 scientific experiments (实验) and so on. They are going to return to the Earth in May, 2023.
As the final step in the building of the Tiangong space station, the Shenzhou-15 mission also marks the first step in the operation (运行) of the space station. The Tiangong space station turned into its largest size after the arrival of the Shenzhou-15 spaceship. Weighing nearly 100 tons, it is one of the largest space-based structures mankind has ever built in outer space. Maybe it will be open to foreign astronauts in the near future, according to the CMSA．
China’s space station is always worth (值得) looking forward to. Keep up the good work.
14．The Shenzhou-15 crew will stay ________ inside the Tiangong space station.
A．three months B．six months C．nine months D．twelve months
15．The Shenzhou-15 crew will finish the following tasks EXCEPT (除了)________.
A．taking several spacewalks B．doing scientific experiments
C．testing some equipments of the space station D．opening the space station to foreign astronauts
16．What does the underlined sentence mean
A．The Tiangong space station will turn much larger in size.
B．The Tiangong space station will welcome more foreign astronauts.
C．Chinese people will leave more and more footsteps in outer space.
D．Chinese people will finish the building of the Tiangong space station.
17．The passage is mainly about the ________ of the Shenzhou-15 spaceship.
A．mission B．arrival C．launch D．future
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）There are lots of sports lovers in India. Many people are crazy about important events in sports. Some even went miles to watch a sports game to celebrate the FIFA World Cup. Here’s what they did.
A group of seventeen football fans from Kochi, Kerala, bought a house on sale to watch the FIFA World Cup matches together. In Mundakkamugal, a small village in Kochi, the deal (交易) was closed for about $28,000 ( 200,000), so the fans could watch the games together.
One of the buyers, named Shefeer, said, “We planned to do something special for FIFA World Cup 2022. Seventeen of us purchased a house already on sale for about $28,000 and decorated it with flags of FIFA teams. We also planned to gather together here and watch matches on a big-screen TV.”
The group didn’t just buy the house, they also completely changed the look of the house by painting the team flags on the walls. The buyers painted the house with colors of Brazil, Argentina and Portugal flags. They hung many flags on the roof of the house. Besides, they painted the sporting legends (传奇人物) on the walls.
According to reports, the group of football lovers had developed a tradition to watch football games together, long before even planning to buy a house. Only this time they decided to buy the house to watch FIFA World cup together. Talking about the future of this property, “In the future, our next generation (一代人) can also enjoy this gathering and their unity will continue” Shefeer said.
18．Why did the seventeen football lovers buy a house
A．To celebrate their friendship. B．To play football together.
C．To develop a tradition. D．To watch games together.
19．What does the underlined word “purchased” mean
A．Sold. B．Bought. C．Expected. D．Accepted.
20．What is the fourth paragraph about
A．Why the football lovers watched games together.
B．How the football lovers met each other.
C．Who sold the house to the football lovers.
D．What the football lovers did to the house.
21．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Fans Buy House to Watch FIFA World Cup.
B．Every Indian Goes Crazy for FIFA World Cup.
C．FIFA World Cup Is Popular Around India.
D．Special House Is Built for FIFA World Cup.
（2022上·江苏盐城·八年级盐城文港路初级中学校考期末）
He was the only gray cub (灰色幼崽) of the she-wolf. The other cubs had red in their hair. He was gray like his father. He was the strongest cub. He showed more anger than his brothers and sisters. He made more noise.
His father and mother live mainly upon meat. In his first month of life, he lives on mother’s milk. And now, at a month old, when his eyes had been open for about a week, he began to eat meat himself.
There came a time when there was no meat. For many days the cubs did not eat. They were too weak and tired to play. One-Eye, the cub’s father, was killed in the fight over food. Even the she-wolf left home to find meat. But there was nothing. One by one, the cubs died. Only the she-wolf and gray cub were left.
One day the gray cub ran out to hunt for his own food. He met a weasel (鼬) of his size. The rat-like animal ran at him and bit his throat (喉咙). He was nearly dead when the she-wolf arrived just in time to kill and eat the weasel.
The gray cub was not good at hunting yet, and still needed food from his mother. One day, the she-wolf brought him a lynx kitten (小山猫). While eating, he heard great noise. The kitten’s mother had followed the she-wolf here. The she-wolf and the she-lynx started to fight, and they would fight to the death. The gray cub ran forward and bit one of her legs. This was enough to give the she-wolf the time she needed. The lynx was dead, but the she-wolf was badly hurt. For about a week, she didn’t move. The gray cub had to find food for both of them.
Without his mother to take care of him, he learnt what life was about. Without meat there was no life. Animals had to eat other animals to live. The law was: EAT OR BE EATEN.
—Taken from White Fang
22．The gray cub was ________ than his brothers and sisters.
A．stronger and redder
B．weaker and grayer
C．weaker and quieter
D．stronger and grayer
23．When did the gray cub start to eat meat himself
A．At one year old. B．At birth. C．At one month old. D．At one week old.
24．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．The gray cub ran forward and bit one of the lynx’s legs.
B．The gray cub saw they would fight to the death.
C．The she-wolf and the she-lynx started to fight.
D．The gray cub had to find food for Mother and himself.
25．Which is the right order in the passage
a. the gray cub’s father was killed because of the fight
b. The gray cub was nearly dead after meeting a weasel.
c. the gray cub began to eat meat himself at a month old
d. The gray cub bit the she-lynx and saved the she-wolf
e. Only the she-wolf and gray cub were left at last.
A．c-a-b-d-e B．c-d-b-a-e C．c-a-e-b-d D．c-d-e-b-a
26．According to the passage, we can infer (推测) that ________.
A．the law of meat was to eat all the other animals
B．life was difficult for the she-wolf and the gray cub
C．the gray cub’s brothers and sisters died from fights
D．the gray cub was good at hunting weasels and lynx kittens
（2022上·江苏南京·八年级统考期末）The Grasshopper (蝗虫) and the Ant (蚂蚁)
Narrator (旁白): It was summertime, and the days were warm and bright. The field was filled with insects. Bees and butterflies were fitting from flower to flower. Dragonflies were flying by. A grasshopper was hopping around the field. He saw a line of ants passing by. The ants were carrying seeds (种子). The grasshopper said...
Grasshopper: Come play with me. Let’s have some fun.
Narrator: But the busy ants kept moving as they called him...
Ant Chorus (齐声): We can’t stop now. Work must be done.
Narrator: The grasshopper spent his days hopping along and singing. Every day, he saw ants carrying seeds to the nest. And every day he said...
Grasshopper: Come play with me. Let’s have some fun.
Narrator: And every day the ants called him...
Ant Chorus: We can’t stop now. Work must be done.
Narrator: One day the grasshopper asked an ant...
Grasshopper: Why are you working so hard You could be playing in the warm summer sun.
Ant: I am helping to store food for the winter. I think you should do the same.
Grasshopper: Why bother about winter now There is plenty of food to eat.
Narrator: The grasshopper hopped away to play. The ant went back to its work. When winter came, the ants were never hungry. They ate the food they had stored during the summer. But the poor grasshopper could find nothing to eat.
Grasshopper: Now I see why the ants worked so hard. When you have a lot, you should save some for later.
27．What were the ants doing when the grasshopper saw them
A．They were carrying seeds. B．They were lying in the sunshine.
C．They were having fun in the field. D．They were hopping about the field.
28．What does the underlined phase “bother about” mean
A．hear about B．talk about C．know about D．worry about
29．What is the right order of what the grasshopper did in the story
①He had nothing to eat for winter.
②He saw a line of ants passing by.
③Ants told the grasshopper to store food but he didn’t.
④He asked the ants to stop and have some fun.
A．①③④② B．②①④③ C．②④③① D．①④②③
30．What can we learn from the story
A．Repair the house before it rains. B．Every dog has its day.
C．The grass is always greener on the other side. D．Practice makes perfect.
（2022上·江苏南京·八年级统考期末）
Sitting for hours at a time is dangerous and can even lead to death. Today, however, many people spend more time sitting than sleeping.
Researchers say that all the time spent at the desk, at the computer, or in front of the television is taking years off your life. Ancient humans spent their days hunting, working, and moving from place to place. So being active is what our bodies are designed for. As a rapid reaction (反应) to this discovery, many people have begun using standing desks. However, this really isn’t an answer to the question.
A standing desk is a desk specially designed for use without a chair. There are many kinds of them, including normal work desks and special standing computer desks. Researchers say that simply standing instead of sitting won’t make your body much better. Standing only costs a few more calories than sitting and places more stress on your joints (关节) and back. The best way is to actually move around more. Take a walk around the office every half an hour. You can also walk over to your colleagues and talk to them instead of sending emails.
These are just a few ways to start moving more while at work. Outside of work, of course, be sure to do plenty of exercise.
31．What did ancient humans do in the daytime
①Hunt. ②Work. ③ Sit. ④ Move.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④
32．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Normal work desks. B．Standing computer desks.
C．Standing desks. D．Some chairs.
33．The underlined word “colleagues” probably means “_______”.
A．people who you study with B．people who you work with
C．people who you live with D．people who you exercise with
34．Which of the following does the writer probably agree
A．Using standing desks is a good way to keep healthy.
B．People should be active both at work and after work.
C．Most people spend more time standing than sleeping.
D．The best way to communicate with others is to send emails.
（2022上·江苏南京·八年级统考期末）Dear Malia and Sasha,
I know that you’ve both had a lot of fun these two years. You have been to many picnics and had all kinds of junk food your mother and I probably shouldn’t have let you eat. But I also know that it hasn’t always been easy for you and Mum. So now I want to tell you a little more about why I decided to take our family on this journey.
When I was a young man, I thought life was all about me —about how I’d make my way in the world, become successful, and get the things I want. But then two of you came into my world with those smiles and suddenly, all my big plans didn’t seem so important any more. I soon found that the greatest happiness in my life was that you were so happy. And I realized that my own life wouldn’t mean much if I couldn’t make you two happy. In the end, girls, I ran for (竞选) President: because of what I want for you and for every child in the US.
I want all our children to go to school so that they can learn and grow. I want them to have the chance to go to college even though their parents don’t have enough money. And I want them to get good jobs.
I want us to see new technologies and inventions that improve our lives and make our earth cleaner and safer. And I want us to see no difference of different colors and areas because we are all equal (平等的).
I hope both of you will start to give others the chances you’ve had. You know, this country has given our family so much, so you have to, and really should, give something back. When you are doing something larger than yourself, you will realize how helpful you are.
There are the things I want for you—to grow up in the world in which you can make your dreams come true. And I want every child to have the same chances to learn and dream and grow and get what you girls have. That’s why I’ve taken our family on this great adventure.
I am so proud of you. I love you more than I can ever know. And I am thankful every day. Because you behave so well when we get ready to start our new life together in the White House.
Love,
Dad
35．From the letter we can see that the father is President of _______.
A．the US B．the UK C．Australia D．Canada
36．According to the second paragraph, the greatest happiness in the father’s life was that _______.
A．he could be President B．he was very successful
C．his two children were so happy D．he could get all the things he wanted
37．Which of the following can be the title of this passage
A．How to Be a President B．What I Want for You
C．A Trip to the White House D．We Love You, Dad!
（2022上·江苏无锡·八年级统考期末）
Throughout history, humans have played some kinds of kicking games. What the world now calls football or soccer in the US began as far back as 2500 B．C．E. with the Chinese game of cuju. However, the sport we know today started from Britain. In the 1840s, England’s Football Association（协会）made a set of rules, and the modern game was born. Today, more than 200 million players all over the world take part in the game, truly making soccer the world’s sport.
So, why is soccer so popular Maybe it’s the game’s spirit: the feeling that the team on the field is your team, their winning makes you happy, and their losing makes you sad. Or maybe it’s the game’s international（国际的）quality. In countries like France, England, Spain and Brazil, most teams have players from many different nations, and these clubs now have fans all over the world. Or perhaps it’s the promise of great wealth（财富）. A number of professional（专业的）soccer players, including Brazil’s Neymar and Nigeria’s Victor Moses, come from poor families. Today, both of these players make much money every year.
Soccer is popular for those reasons above, but finally, the main reason for its appeal（吸引力）may be this: It’s a simple game. It can be played anywhere with anything a ball or a can（罐头）. And anyone can play it. “You don’t need to be rich to play soccer.” says Peter Alegi, “You just need a flat space and a ball.” Soccer takes less equipment（设备）than some other sports, so it’s not very expensive for a kid to join a soccer team.
It is this simplicity that makes soccer the most popular sport. In Africa, even in rural areas far from the bright lights and big stadiums（体育场）, children and adults play the game, often with handmade balls.
38．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1
A．Soccer comes from ancient China. B．England people made rules for soccer.
C．People have played lots of kicking games. D．Soccer has a long history and it is also popular now.
39．The writer uses the examples of Neymar and Victor Moses in Paragraph 2 to show ________.
A．even poor people can also play soccer
B．some professional players can become rich
C．people from different countries love to play soccer
D．they play soccer because they need lots of money
40．What is the most important reason for the popularity （流行） of soccer
A．The game’s spirit. B．The game is not difficult.
C．The promise of great wealth. D．The game’s international quality.
41．Where can you find this article
A．In a storybook. B．In a news report.
C．In a sports magazine. D．In a soccer advertisement.
（2022上·江苏无锡·八年级校联考期末）
42．Who can join the camp
A．Lily, 3 years old. B．Jenny, 6 years old. C．Aaron, 12 years old. D．Joseph, 15 years old.
43．What can the kids do at the winter camp
A．Have an outdoor party. B．Do sports with others. C．Learn how to cook food. D．Make a film about camp.
44．If two kids join the camp, how much should they pay for WEEK 2
A． 3200. B． 3400. C． 3600. D． 3800.
45．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Kids can watch TV in the winter camp.
B．The camp has activities on February 8.
C．Activities in the camp start at 7:00 a.m. every day.
D．Kids needn’t spend extra(额外的) money on their food in the camp.
（2022上·江苏无锡·八年级校联考期末）Sally didn’t know what was wrong with her grandma. She was always forgetting things, like where she put the sugar and what time to have dinner.
“She might have Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症),” her mother said. “We might have to put her in a nursing home (养老院) so that she can get proper care.
“Oh, that’s terrible! She’ll miss her own house!” Sally said.
“Maybe, but we can see her on weekends,” her mother answered. “We can bring her presents.”
“Like ice cream Grandma loves strawberry ice cream!” Sally said.
The first time they visited Grandma, Sally wanted to cry. Grandma sat all by herself in the corner of the room.
Sally hugged Grandma. “Look,” she said, “we brought you strawberry ice cream!”
Grandma took it and began to eat without saying a word.
“She doesn’t seem to know us.” Sally was unhappy. “You have to give her time.” her mother said. But the next time it was the same. Grandma ate the ice cream, but didn’t say anything.
“Grandma, do you know who I am ” Sally asked.
“You’re the girl who brings me the ice cream.” Grandma said.
“Yes, but I’m Sally, your granddaughter. Don’t you remember me ”
“Sure. You’re the girl who brings me ice cream.” Suddenly, Sally knew that Grandma would never remember her.
“Oh, how I love you, Grandma!” she said. Just then she saw a tear roll down Grandma’s cheek (脸颊), “Love,” she said. “I remember love.”
“You see, dear, that’s all she wants,” her mother said. “Love.”
“I’ll bring her ice cream every weekend then, and hug her even if she doesn’t remember me.” Sally said.
After all, remembering love is more important than just being able to remember a name.
46．What was the matter with Sally’s grandma
A．She always felt sad. B．She ate too much ice cream.
C．She always forgot things. D．She put more sugar while cooking.
47．Why did Sally want to cry the first time the family visited Grandma
A．Because Grandma didn’t like her present.
B．Because she thought Grandma was quite lonely.
C．Because she saw a tear roll down Grandma’s cheek.
D．Because people in the nursing house weren’t kind to Grandma.
48．In Grandma’s eyes, Sally is ________.
A．a kind-hearted girl B．a cold person C．an honest granddaughter D．a careful nurse
49．According to the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________.
A．Grandma will be taken home to get better care
B．Grandma doesn’t love strawberry ice cream any more
C．Sally and her family visited Grandma three times a week
D．Sally won’t care if Grandma can remember her name
50．What does the writer mainly want to tell us
A．Hugs can give people a lot. B．Food is the best way.
C．Love can always stay in the heart. D．Alzheimer’s disease is not serious.
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）As we all know, if a person isn’t in good health, he or she can’t study or work well or live comfortably. Staying healthy is one of the most important goals in everyone’s life.
In the past three years, the COVID-19 pandemic has made many people exercise to keep healthy. So what are the most popular exercise What are different people’s favourites And what are some factors (因素) holding people back from physical fitness Here’s the result of a recent survey (调查) on people’s exercise.
Top 6 popular activities Different favourites What stops people from exercising
Running 57.3% Walking 51.5% Cycling 36.6% Playing ball games 25.8% Swimming 25.0% Hiking 21.6% Born after 2000 Born in 1990s No training 42.9% No time 33.2% No facilities 23.9%
Born in 1980s Born in 1970s
51．What kind of activity may a 50-year-old man probably like best
A．Ball games. B．Swimming. C．Walking. D．Yoga.
52．If 2, 000 people took part in the survey, how many people would think “No facilities” is the main factor in stopping them from exercising
A．239. B．429. C．478. D．664.
53．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Young people born in the 1980s like Yoga most.
B．Playing ball games is less popular than swimming.
C．The survey shows most people have no time to exercise.
D．The survey includes three questions on people’s exercise.
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）Can you paint Do you like painting What is the difference between painting and drawing
Rick was a young boy who was angry at everything around him. To calm Rick down, his mom came home with a canvas and paint. “Whenever you feel bad about something, paint it instead of getting angry.”
Though not that happy, Rick gave it a try. After creating many paintings, he took his artwork to his mom.
“Tell me, Rick. What are these paintings about ”
“The first is about how some kids show off their new clothes. The next is about my teacher who always tells me about how I’m doing things wrong. And the last painting is about how one of my schoolmates said I should change my attitude (态度). They all make me so angry.”
Rick’s mom took Rick by her side and told him, “Don’t you see, Rick You’re getting so angry but you never try to understand why.” Then she explained carefully, “All the people you were angry at did nothing wrong. The kids were showing off their good clothes but never laughed at you for being poor. Your teacher scolded you but that was because you caused trouble in class. And your schoolmate was only trying to help you correct your mistakes.”
“Next time when you get angry, take a deep breath and walk away for a couple of seconds. And when you come back, talk to the person you’re angry at. You might calm down in this way.” Rick took his mom’s advice and became less angry. He even started to feel happy around other children.
54．What does the underlined word “scolded” mean
A．Laughed at someone. B．Spoke to someone angrily.
C．Hit someone’s body hard. D．Gave someone advice.
55．What did Rick’s mom think of his life in his school
A．The teacher didn’t treat her son well. B．The kids always laughed at Rick’s clothes.
C．The classmates should change their attitude. D．Her son didn’t have a clear understanding of it.
56．What can we learn from this passage
A．Don’t believe a kid’s words. B．Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.
C．Don’t get angry easily. D．Don’t care about others’ words.
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）Rick was a young boy who was angry at everything around him. To calm Rick down, his mom came home with a canvas (画布) and paint. “Whenever you feel bad about something, paint it instead of getting angry.” Though he was not so happy, Rick gave it a try. After creating many paintings, he took his artwork to his mom.
“Tell me, Rick. What are these paintings about ”
“The first is about how some kids show off (炫耀) their new clothes. The next is about my teacher who always tells me about how I’m doing things wrong. And the last painting is about how one of my schoolmates said I should change my attitude (态度). They all make me so angry.”
Rick’s mom took Rick by her side and told him, “Don’t you see, Rick You’re getting so angry, but you never try to understand why.” Then she explained carefully, “All the people you were angry at did nothing wrong. The kids were showing off their good clothes but never laughed at you for being poor. Your teacher scolded you but that was because you caused trouble in class. And your schoolmate was only trying to help you correct your mistakes.”
“Next time you get angry, take a deep breath and walk away for a couple of seconds. And when you come back, talk to the person you’re angry at. You might calm down in this way.”
Rick took his mom’s advice and became less angry. He even started to feel happy around other children.
57．Why did the mom give Rick a canvas and paint
A．To celebrate Rick’s birthday. B．To test Rick’s painting skills.
C．To help Rick with his anger. D．To learn from great artworks.
58．In Paragraph 1, what does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．Getting angry. B．Painting.
C．Canvas and paint. D．Changing the attitude.
59．What did the mom think of Rick’s situation
A．The kids laughed at Rick’s clothes.
B．The teacher didn’t treat her son fairly (公平地).
C．The classmates should change their attitude.
D．Her son didn’t have a clear understanding of it.
60．What can we learn from this passage
A．Don’t believe a kid’s words. B．Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.
C．Don’t give in (屈服) to anger easily. D．Never look down on yourself.
（2022上·江苏盐城·八年级盐城文港路初级中学校考期末）Sam says, “I like June. June is a good month. I like it hot. Summer starts in June. Summer days are hot. The days in June are hot.”
Pam says, “I like June. June is a good month. I like it cold. Winter starts in June. Winter days are cold. The days in June are cold.”
Who is right Are the days in June hot or cold Sam is right. Pam is right. How can both Sam and Pam be right Our earth orbits around the sun. That means the earth goes around the sun.
When it orbits, it tilts (倾斜). For half of the earth’s orbit, the North Pole (北极) points to the sun. For half of the earth’s orbit, the South Pole points to the sun.
When the North Pole points to the sun, it is hotter in the north and the days are longer. In the south, it is colder and the days are shorter. When the South Pole points to the sun, it is hotter in the south and the days are longer. In the north, it is colder and the days are shorter.
Sam lives in the north. Summer starts in June for Sam. Pam lives in the south. Winter starts in June for Pam. But what about Cam All of Cam’s days are about the same length. They are not long. They are not short. All of Cam’s days are about the same temperature. Why Because Cam lives in the middle, near the equator (赤道).
61．The underlined words “orbits around” mean “________”.
A．shows around B．walks around C．moves around D．looks around
62．When the North Pole points to the sun, ________ in Sam’s living place.
A．the weather is hot B．the weather is cold C．nights are longer D．days are shorter
63．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．For Pam, summer starts in June.
B．Winter is Cam’s favourite season.
C．All the three boys like June best.
D．Cam’s living place is near the equator.
（2022上·江苏泰州·八年级校考期末）A man in Pakistan（巴基斯坦） is now working to help children get an education（教育）. When he was a child, he did not go to school because he was too poor.
It is reported that Pakistan has 25 million children who do not go to school. That is the second highest number in the world. Only Nigeria（尼日利亚） has more. Many Pakistani children must work to support their families.
Mohammad Ayub was once one of those children. He is now a firefighter. He also manages a small school. VOA recently visited the school in the capital Islamabad.
Ayub started with just one student in 1982. He saw a boy cleaning cars for days. He asked him, “Why don’t you go to school ” The boy answered that his parents were dead and he had to work to help support his five brothers and three sisters.
Ayub was also an orphan（孤儿） and he, too, had to work to help support his five brothers and three sisters. He said, “When my father died, everyone who came to the funeral（葬礼） said they were sorry, but no one helped.” He sold newspapers and did other work to earn enough money to pay school fees for his brothers and sisters.
Ayub wanted to help the young boy who washed cars, but he did not have enough money to pay the boy’s school fees. _______.
Today, Ayub teaches many children at his school in a public park. Some of the children attend other schools in the morning, but come to Ayub in the afternoon to get help with their homework.
Ayub has helped a large number of poor children since（自从） he began teaching. Many of them come from very poor areas near the park.
Ayub said, “I used to argue with kids who worked ‘Why are you washing someone’s dishes or their clothes Why don’t you study ’”
One of the children he advised to attend classes was Farhat Abbas. Ayub found him working with his friends about 12 years ago. “He followed us back home. He told our parents he wanted to teach us and asked them to send us to his school,” Abbas said.
Today, Abbas is taking classes at a college and is helping Ayub.
Many children are out of school, and those who do attend classes often get a poor education. Information collected by an organization shows half of all Pakistani children in the 5th grade do not understand basic（基础的）mathematics and cannot read a story in their language.
A group in Islamabad reports Pakistan spends less on education than any other country in South Asia.
64．According to the report of a group in Islamabad, which country spends the least on education in South Asia
A．Pakistan. B．Nigeria. C．India. D．China.
65．Ayub did all the following things to help the poor children EXCEPT ________.
A．managing a small school B．teaching the poor children
C．taking classes at a college D．visiting the children’s parents
66．Which sentence can be put in the empty place in the passage
A．So he offered to teach him. B．So he asked his parents to help him.
C．So he gave up his idea. D．So he forced（逼迫，强迫） him to go to school.
67．Which is the right time order of what happened in the passage
a. Ayub began to teach the poor children in his school.
b. Ayub’s school in the capital Islamabad was visited by VOA．
c. Ayub advised Abbas’s parents to send him to his school.
d. Ayub worked to pay school fees for his brothers and sisters.
e. Ayub saw a boy cleaning cars for days and decided to help him.
A．a-b-e-d-e B．b-c-d-a-e C．d-a-e-c-b D．d-e-a-c-b
68．From the passage, which are the best words to describe Ayub
A．Hard-working and honest. B．Kind-hearted and helpful.
C．Creative and confident. D．Humorous and popular.
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级校联考期末）Imagine (想象) there is a glass on a table in front of you. It has water in it but it is not full. How do you describe the glass Do you say it is half full or half empty
If you say half full, you might be an optimist (乐观主义者). If you say half empty, you might be the opposite (相反的)—a pessimist.
A new study suggests that your level of optimism may affect (影响) your health. People who are optimistic (乐观的) may live longer than those who are pessimistic (悲观的).
Researchers at Harvard University’s of Public Health in Boston did the study. They compared (作比较) women “with a general expectation that good things will happen” with women who were less optimistic. They found that the optimists had a much lower risk of getting several deadly (致命的) diseases (疾病), including cancer and heart disease.
Kaitlin Hagan, a study leader says optimists can take better care of themselves by exercising, eating healthy food and getting enough sleep.
She also says earlier studies show that a person can use simple, low-cost ways to increase optimism. She says each night we can plan to do two or three simple and enjoyable activities. They might be watching the sun rise, visiting a friend, dancing to a favorite song or reading a story with your child.
69．From the passage, we can know ________.
A．we should drink a glass of water every day
B．optimists may live shorter than those who are pessimistic
C．we should make more friends to be optimistic
D．we can do some simple things to make ourselves optimistic
70．According to Kaitlin Hagan, we can do the following things to make ourselves optimistic EXCEPT ________.
A．drinking a lot of water B．enough sleep
C．eating healthy food D．exercising
71．What’s the best title for the passage
A．How to reduce the risk of getting cancer B．How to be healthy
C．How to be hard-working D．How to be more optimistic
72．What’s the writing style of the passage
A．Narrative (记叙文) B．Argumentation (议论文)
C．Expository writing (说明文) D．Practical writing (应用文）
（2022上·江苏无锡·八年级统考期末）If you’re worried about being a self-centered person, that shows you’ve already taken an important step towards change. Here is a useful list of simple things you can try that can help you focus（关注）less on yourself and more on the needs of others. Even small changes in your daily life can make a big difference!
Focus on listening instead of talking. Give others your full attention（注意力）and really hear them out. Self-centered people often make conversations go around themselves and they are easy to get bored when the focus isn’t on them. If this sounds like you, you can break that habit! Give others a chance to speak and do your best to show that you’re really listening.
Put yourself in someone else’s shoes. Imagining（想象）yourself in their situations（情形）helps you understand them better. If your friends are telling you about something that happened to them, you can try to ask yourself how you’d feel and what you’d need if you were them. Then, keep those things in mind when you reply to your friend.
Use fewer “I” and “me” sentences. Don’t always want to talk about yourself in every conversation. You can’t focus on anyone else if you’re always talking about yourself. Try to actively lower the number of “I” and “me” sentences you make in daily conversations. Studies show that talking about yourself less often can make you happier and healthier, so try to remind（提醒）yourself of that.
73．How can you focus on listening instead of talking
A．Never be bored with others.
B．Let others hear you out carefully.
C．Give others a chance to speak and really hear them.
D．Always make the conversations go around others.
74．The underlined（下划线）sentence in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．others’ shoes are more comfortable B．care about others’ feelings and needs
C．others’ situations are better than yours D．tell friends you care about them when replying
75．Which sentence is NOT advised to start a conversation according to Paragraph 4
A．You look great today! B．I had a wonderful weekend!
C．The weather is nice, isn’t it D．Let’s go outside for a walk, shall we
76．What’s the passage mainly about
A．Ways to stop being self﹣centered.
B．Ways to make others like you.
C．A small change can make a big difference.
D．You should change your habit as soon as possible.
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）The six Chinese astronauts from the Shenzhou-l4 and Shenzhou-15 missions marked a historic moment on 30 November as they met inside the country’s Tiangong space station. It was the first time that six Chinese were in a space station at the same time and the first in-orbit (轨道内的) gathering of two Chinese crews (乘组).
The Shenzhou-15 crew set out on the journey to the Tiangong station on the night of 29 November from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China’s Gobi Desert. They rode a spaceship that was lifted into space by a Long March 2F rocket. At 7:33 a.m. (Beijing Time), the Shenzhou-14 astronauts opened the door of their “space home” to welcome the Shenzhou-15 astronauts. The six then took a group photo to record the great moment.
According to the China Manned Space Agency, the two crews stayed together for about five days, and then the Shenzhou-14 crew, who had been in orbit for nearly half a year, returned to a landing site in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region (内蒙古自治区着陆点). The Shenzhou-15 astronauts will stay in orbit for six months to do a lot of work, such as carrying out spacewalks to mount equipment (安装设备) outside the station, and doing scientific experiments (实验).
Following the arrival (到达) of the Shenzhou-15 spaceship, the Tiangong space station has grown much. Tiangong is expected to operate in orbit for about 10 years and will be open to foreign astronauts in the near future, according to space officials. It is the 10th crewed space station in the world and one of the two operating stations, along with the International Space Station.
Pang Zhihao, a retired researcher at the China Academy of Space Technology said that building and running a manned space station is the most difficult work. “The arrival of the Shenzhou-15 crew marked the start of the Tiangong space station’s long-term regular operation.” he added.
77．What can we know from the first two paragraphs
A．The Shenzhou-14 crew left Tiangong space station.
B．The Shenzhou-15 crew would be in orbit for five days.
C．The Shenzhou-15 crew had been in orbit for six months.
D．Two Shenzhou crews met in Tiangong space station.
78．Which of the following isn’t mentioned in the text
A．The selection process(选拔过程) of the Shenzhou-15 crew.
B．The Tiangong space station’s future plans.
C．The Shenzhou-15 astronauts’ work.
D．The importance of the arrival of the Shenzhou-15 crew.
79．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Astronauts of Shenzou-14 lived in Tiangong for exactly six months.
B．There are only two space stations in operation(在运行的) at present.
C．Tiangong has been in orbit for nearly 10 years now.
D．The Shenzhou-15 crew landed on Inner Mongolia autonomous region.
80．What can be inferred(推理) from the passage
A．Astronauts of Shenzou-14 returned to the earth on 30 November.
B．More astronauts will be sent to Tiangong in the future.
C．China is now working together with foreign astronauts.
D．Astronauts of Shenzhou-15 spent more than 24 hours on the journey to the Tiangong Space Station.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题06 阅读理解技巧及（精选热点文章）分层练20篇
·模块一 阅读单选技巧
·模块二 阅读单选（名校期末真题）进阶练20篇
（一）直接理解题
这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多，例如：
（1）Which of the following statements is true ／ false
（2）Which of the following is（not）mentioned
（3）How many ／ How much ／ Where ／ How ／ What……
（4）What does the writer think about
（5）Which is the right order of the events given in thepassage
要快速辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法。查阅是读者在对材料有所了解的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻找答案，往往与略读综合使用，具体方法与步骤如下：
（1）略读材料，了解原文大意，掌握其中心意思或主旨。
（2）按文章的体裁、作者写作的组织模式及有关信息词，如for example，first，second……预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
（3）将自己的精力放在寻找所需要的细节上，快速通篇阅读，眼睛自左至右、自下而上呈Z形扫视，待找到含有相关细节的句子时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对，比较内容，直至找到答案。
（二）语义理解题
在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的意思。此类问题考查学生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、词语或短句意义的能力。常见的题型有：直接对生词进行解释；对多义词或短语在文章具体语言环境中的意义作出准确判断；对英语中的一些格言或谚语进行解释；对文中一些代词的指代对象作出界定等。这种题型常见的设题方式如下：
（1）The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means______.
（2）The word“it/them”in the first paragraph refers to______.
（3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means____.
（4）What does the underlined word“…”refer to______.
（5）By … the writer means______.
在做此类题时，考生应紧扣原文，根据上下文语境进行判断，切不要望文生义或断章取义，也不能只选择自己熟悉的意思。猜测词义的常见方法有：
1）根据构词法猜测词义；
（2）根据上下文猜测词义；
（3）根据定义或解释猜测词义；
（4）根据同义词、反义词以及对比关系猜测词义；
（5）根据生活常识猜测词义。
（三）逻辑推理题
推理判断试题属于深层阅读理解题。它要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。这种题型常见的设题方式有：
（1）From the text，it can be inferred that______.
（2）The passage suggests that______.
（3）Which of the following best describes______.
（4）The writer’s attitude towards…is______.
（5）From the text，we learn that______.
这种题目有一定难度，解答时必须根据上下文及相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等文外之意加以推理。解此类题目可从以下几方面入手：
（1）根据常识判断。即解题时，除弄清文意外，还需借助生活常识、风土人情、传说掌故、名人轶事等进行判断。
（2）根据知识判断。即解题时，运用一些一般性知识，如天文、地理、文学、艺术、科技等自然科学和社会科学知识。
（3）根据计算判断。即解题时，运用一些数学知识进行和差、面积、体积、速度等方面的运算。
（4）根据情节判断。即解题时，从情节所提供的基本事实出发，寻找一定规律，如时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据。这种题目最容易出现，考生要从时间、地点、事件的情节安排与发展中，深入探讨其逻辑关系及隐喻、引申等因素。
（四）归纳总结题
这种题型要求学生在理解全文的基础上，对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有：
（1）The general idea of the passage is about______.
2）The main idea of the article is______.
（3）The main purpose of this selection is______.
4）The passage suggests that______.
5）Which of the following best states the theme of thepassage
具体解题时，应注意一些技巧：
（1）首先看短文的开头和结尾，确定短文题材，预测其内容。每段的第一句话往往会提供重要信息，可以帮助我们搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。
（2）速读全文，整体理解短文大意，抓住关键词语，弄清文章的主旨。
（3）根据已知短文内容，着手解题。可先将文后的选择题看一下，然后带着问题再去阅读。这样做，一方面有助于对文章进一步理解，另一方面可以有针对性地从文章中寻找答案。
（4）迅速复读全文，检查自己的理解是否正确，所选答案是否前后矛盾。通过全面考虑，最后确定答案。
（2022上·江苏盐城·八年级统考期末）The children of the clouds （云的孩子们）
High above our heads we see the clouds, sometimes white as wool, sometimes dark and angry, and sometimes shining like gold.
Rain is the eldest child of the clouds. At times he is mild（温和的）and gentle, falling softly and lightly on the dry ground, cooling the dusty streets, and giving water to the thirsty plants and flowers. At other times he comes, flying before the wind. Then he beats against the window panes（窗格）and makes a loud noise on the roofs. He often fills the rivers till they break over their banks, cover the fields and do much harm in their rage.
Snow is rain’s sister. In many parts of the world, she spreads a soft blanket of white over the bare, brown earth. That way she keeps the seeds of plants and trees alive all through the winter. Boys and girls love to play with her.
Hail（冰雹）is snow’s brother. He is a spoiled child and can cause a lot of damage（损害）. He can break windows, damage the grapes of vines and throw the fruit off fruit trees to show where he has been.
Dew（露水）is the youngest baby of the family. He comes by night, and sprinkles diamonds on the flowers and grass. In winter he sometimes is very cold and comes as frost. Frost bites and pinches because it is so cold.
In this way rain, snow, hail, and dew are the four children of the clouds.
1．From Paragraph l, we know that ______.
A．clouds are lively B．clouds are in different colors
C．clouds are like our heads D．black clouds are hard to see
2．Which of the following is TRUE about the rain according to the passage
A．Sometimes it falls heavily on the flowers.
B．It can destroy the fields and banks.
C．It never flies before a strong wind.
D．It never lasts for a long time.
3．What does the underlined word “spoiled” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 4
A．自由的 B．懒散的 C．被宠坏的 D．骄傲的
4．Which of the following expressions can be put in the blank in Paragraph 2
A．Sometimes he is very wild and rude.
B．Rain is always gentle and nice.
C．He often washes away villages.
D．Rain is very quiet and never makes noise.
5．What can we know from the passage
A．It’s hard for snow to keep all plants alive.
B．Boys and girls like to play with dew.
C．Dew comes after the rain.
D．Dew is the youngest child of the family.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了云的孩子们：雨、雪、冰雹和露水。
1．细节理解题。根据“High above our heads we see the clouds, sometimes white as wool, sometimes dark and angry, and sometimes shining like gold.”可知，云有不同的颜色。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“He often fills the rivers till they break over their banks, cover the fields and do much harm in their rage.”可知，雨水会冲破河堤，淹没田野，因此他会毁坏田地和河岸。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据“He is a spoiled child and can cause a lot of damage（损害）.”可知，冰雹会制造许多损害，因此他就像一个被宠坏的小孩一样。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“At times he is mild（温和的）and gentle,”和“...makes a loud noise on the roofs.”和“He often fills the rivers till they break over their banks, cover the fields and do much harm in their rage.”可知，雨水有时候是温和的，有时候也会制造噪音，有时候会冲破河堤淹没田野；它的破坏力是逐步递升的，因此他冲破河堤淹没田野，体现出了他的粗鲁狂野。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据“Dew（露水）is the youngest baby of the family.”可知，露水是这个家族里面最小的孩子。故选D。
（2022上·江苏·八年级统考期末）On April 29, the National People’s Congress （NPC）passed a new food waste law that will be carried out immediately, CGTN reported. The newly-passed law more clearly defines（定义）food waste, as well as makes clear the responsibilities（责任）of both diners and restaurants.
According to the law, when people fail to make good use of food and drinks or throw them away at will, they are wasting food. However, there might be different reasons for leaving food uneaten. For example, students might not finish their meal because they don’t think it tastes good. In this situation, school cafeterias should improve the taste of their food.
On the other hand, restaurants should not mislead diners to order too much food, either. Otherwise, they will face a fine of up to 10, 000 yuan. Restaurants can charge（收费）diners a disposal fee（处理费用）if they waste too much food, China Daily reported.
The new law will ensure food safety and promote thrift（勤俭节约）. “Food that is wasted should be used in a much better way,” said Wu Zidan, a professor at Jilin University.
Food waste is a serious problem in China. The new law aims to prevent food waste and achieve one of the goals of the UN 2030 Agenda: Zero Hunger. The world is in danger of a food crisis（危机）in the next 50 years, according to a UN report.
6．What is included in the new law
①A clear definition of food waste.
②Ways to deal with leftovers（吃剩的食物）.
③Diners’ responsibilities.
④Restaurants’ responsibilities.
A．①②③. B．①②④. C．①③④. D．②③④.
7．Which of the following is food waste
A．Throwing away unfinished food. B．Throwing away food that isn’t cooked correctly.
C．Throwing away food that can’t be eaten. D．Eating and drinking too much.
8．What will happen if diners leave too much food in restaurants
A．They will be asked to take the leftovers away. B．They will be charged 10, 000 yuan.
C．The restaurant will face a fine of 100, 000 yuan. D．They will have to pay a disposal fee.
9．Why does the NPC pass the new law
A．To stop eating too much. B．To improve public health.
C．To collect wasted food and reuse it. D．To prevent food waste.
【答案】6．C 7．A 8．D 9．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了为了防止食物浪费，全国人民代表大会通过了一项新法律。
6．细节理解题。根据“The newly-passed law more clearly defines（定义）food waste, as well as makes clear the responsibilities（责任）of both diners and restaurants.” 可知新法律包括了食物浪费，并明确了食客和餐馆的责任。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据“when people fail to make good use of food and drinks or throw them away at will, they are wasting food. ”可知扔掉未吃完的食物就是在浪费食物。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据“Restaurants can charge（收费）diners a disposal fee（处理费用）if they waste too much food, China Daily reported. ”可知如果食客在餐厅里留下太多食物，他们必须支付处理费。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据“The new law aims to prevent food waste and achieve one of the goals of the UN 2030 Agenda: Zero Hunger. ”可知是为了防止食物浪费。故选D。
（2022上·江苏无锡·八年级统考期末）
I’m Black Beauty. My hoof（蹄）was badly hurt. I could not work. I stayed in a field. Ginger came into the field. She was sick and angry.
“You can’t work,” she said, “and I can’t breathe（呼吸）.”
“The lord’s son made me race, he is very heavy, and I’m too old to race. He kept beating me. I nearly died.”
A week later, the lord and York came into the field. They watched me move. “That horse is useless, and we cannot keep him here. We must sell him,” the lord said.
A week later, York led me away. York’s friend who lived in another city bought me. I was very sad and so was Ginger.
My new owner had many horses and coaches. Many of the drivers were not very good. Some of them made us wear tight（紧的）reins（缰绳）.
I now worked with Peggy. She was a beautiful horse, but she walked strangely.
“My legs are short,” she told me, “My first owner sold me to a new owner. The new owner was not good. He did not care about me. He cared only about going quickly.”
My next owner was Mr. Barry. The name of his stableman（马夫）was Fletcher.
At first, Fletcher gave me food. Then he stopped giving me good food. He gave me only grass. He took my food away and gave it to his rabbits.
One day, Mr. Barry’s friend came to see him.
“Your horse doesn’t look well,” he said. “He’s too thin. He’s not getting enough to eat.” “I buy a lot of good food for him.” Mr. Barry said.
“Perhaps your stableman is stealing your horse’s food.” Mr. Barry’s friend said. Mr. Barry found out the truth, and he sent for the police. They took Fletcher away.
Soon a new stableman came. He was very lazy, and never cleaned the stable（马厩）. He covered old, dirty straw（稻草）with clean straw.
“I can’t trust stablemen,” Mr. Barry said, “I shall not keep a horse.”
10．Who walked strangely
A．Ginger. B．Peggy. C．Black Beauty. D．Fletcher.
11．Why didn’t Mr. Barry want to keep a horse
A．Because the horse was thin. B．Because the horse was dirty.
C．Because the stablemen were bad. D．Because the horse had no food to eat.
12．Which is the right order according to the passage
a. York sold Black Beauty to his friend.
b. Ginger was sick and angry.
c. The police took Fletcher away.
d. Black Beauty came to Mr. Barry’s house.
A．a﹣b﹣d﹣c B．b﹣a﹣c﹣d C．a﹣c﹣d﹣b D．b﹣a﹣d﹣c
13．What can we infer （推断） from the story
A．Black Beauty will become strong enough. B．Black Beauty will be sold again.
C．Ginger may work with Black Beauty. D．Fletcher will live a happy life.
【答案】10．B 11．C 12．D 13．B
【导语】本文节选自《黑骏马》，介绍了黑骏马因为受伤不能干活后被卖掉的经历。
10．细节理解题。根据“I now worked with Peggy. She was a beautiful horse, but she walked strangely. ”可知佩吉走路很奇怪。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据“Mr. Barry found out the truth, and he sent for the police. They took Fletcher away.”以及“He was very lazy, and never cleaned the stable. ”可知巴里先生不养马了，是因为马夫们都很坏。故选C。
12．事件排序题。根据“Ginger came into the field. She was sick and angry. ”可知句子b“金吉尔生病了, 很生气。”应排在第一位；根据“York’s friend who lived in another city bought me. ”可知句子a“约克把黑骏马卖给了他的朋友。”应排在第二位；根据“My next owner was Mr. Barry. ”可知句子d“黑骏马来到巴里先生家。”应排在第三位；根据“Mr. Barry found out the truth, and he sent for the police. They took Fletcher away. ”可知句子c“警察把弗莱彻带走了。”应排在第四位。正确的顺序是b﹣a﹣d﹣c。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据“‘I can’t trust stablemen,’ Mr. Barry said, ‘I shall not keep a horse. ’”可知巴里先生不养马了，因此黑骏马会再次被卖掉。故选B。
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）
The Shenzhou-15 crewed spaceship was launched (发射) successfully from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China on the evening of November 29, 2022.
The spaceship took three astronauts (Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu) to carry out the Shenzhou-15 spaceflight mission (任务). This is the second time Fei has gone into space.”Fei is the commander.” said Ji Qiming, the director of the CMSA．
After entering orbit (轨道), Fei’s team made the first in-orbit shift with the three Shenzhou-14 crew. Then, the Shenzhou-15 spaceship entered the country’s space station. There, Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu met with another three astronauts of the Shenzhou-14 spaceship. This was a historic time, because this was the first time that as many as six Chinese people were travelling in space at the same time. They took a group picture with their thumbs up. The six astronauts lived and worked together for about five days to finish planned tasks and handover work. After that, the Shenzhou-14 crew flew back to the Earth.
The Shenzhou-15 crew will stay inside the Tiangong space station and carry out three to four spacewalks through the mission. Their main tasks include unlocking, installing and testing 15 scientific equipment (设备) doing more than 40 scientific experiments (实验) and so on. They are going to return to the Earth in May, 2023.
As the final step in the building of the Tiangong space station, the Shenzhou-15 mission also marks the first step in the operation (运行) of the space station. The Tiangong space station turned into its largest size after the arrival of the Shenzhou-15 spaceship. Weighing nearly 100 tons, it is one of the largest space-based structures mankind has ever built in outer space. Maybe it will be open to foreign astronauts in the near future, according to the CMSA．
China’s space station is always worth (值得) looking forward to. Keep up the good work.
14．The Shenzhou-15 crew will stay ________ inside the Tiangong space station.
A．three months B．six months C．nine months D．twelve months
15．The Shenzhou-15 crew will finish the following tasks EXCEPT (除了)________.
A．taking several spacewalks B．doing scientific experiments
C．testing some equipments of the space station D．opening the space station to foreign astronauts
16．What does the underlined sentence mean
A．The Tiangong space station will turn much larger in size.
B．The Tiangong space station will welcome more foreign astronauts.
C．Chinese people will leave more and more footsteps in outer space.
D．Chinese people will finish the building of the Tiangong space station.
17．The passage is mainly about the ________ of the Shenzhou-15 spaceship.
A．mission B．arrival C．launch D．future
【答案】14．B 15．D 16．A 17．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了2022年11月29日晚，神舟十五号载人飞船在中国西北部的酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射。飞船搭载了三名宇航员（费俊龙、邓清明和张陆）执行神舟十五号航天任务。
14．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Shenzhou-15 crewed spaceship was launched (发射) successfully from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China on the evening of November 29, 2022.”和第四段末尾“They are going to return to the Earth in May, 2023.”可知，神舟十五号于2022年11月29日发射并于2023年5月返回地球，推算出神舟十五号机组人员将留在天宫空间站六个月，故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据“Their main tasks include unlocking, installing and testing 15 scientific equipment (设备) doing more than 40 scientific experiments (实验) and so on.”可知他们的主要任务包括解锁、安装和测试15台科学设备，进行40多项科学实验等，不包括“向外国宇航员开放空间站”，故选D。
16．词句猜测题。根据“The Tiangong space station turned into its largest size after the arrival of the Shenzhou-15 spaceship.” 和“China’s space station is always worth (值得) looking forward to.”可知神舟十五号飞船抵达后，天宫空间站变为最大的空间站并且一直在发展，因此中国的空间站是永远值得期待的，故可以推出带下划线的句子的意思是：天宫空间站将变得更大，故选A。
17．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，这篇文章主要讲述关于神舟十五号飞船的任务，故选A。
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）There are lots of sports lovers in India. Many people are crazy about important events in sports. Some even went miles to watch a sports game to celebrate the FIFA World Cup. Here’s what they did.
A group of seventeen football fans from Kochi, Kerala, bought a house on sale to watch the FIFA World Cup matches together. In Mundakkamugal, a small village in Kochi, the deal (交易) was closed for about $28,000 ( 200,000), so the fans could watch the games together.
One of the buyers, named Shefeer, said, “We planned to do something special for FIFA World Cup 2022. Seventeen of us purchased a house already on sale for about $28,000 and decorated it with flags of FIFA teams. We also planned to gather together here and watch matches on a big-screen TV.”
The group didn’t just buy the house, they also completely changed the look of the house by painting the team flags on the walls. The buyers painted the house with colors of Brazil, Argentina and Portugal flags. They hung many flags on the roof of the house. Besides, they painted the sporting legends (传奇人物) on the walls.
According to reports, the group of football lovers had developed a tradition to watch football games together, long before even planning to buy a house. Only this time they decided to buy the house to watch FIFA World cup together. Talking about the future of this property, “In the future, our next generation (一代人) can also enjoy this gathering and their unity will continue” Shefeer said.
18．Why did the seventeen football lovers buy a house
A．To celebrate their friendship. B．To play football together.
C．To develop a tradition. D．To watch games together.
19．What does the underlined word “purchased” mean
A．Sold. B．Bought. C．Expected. D．Accepted.
20．What is the fourth paragraph about
A．Why the football lovers watched games together.
B．How the football lovers met each other.
C．Who sold the house to the football lovers.
D．What the football lovers did to the house.
21．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Fans Buy House to Watch FIFA World Cup.
B．Every Indian Goes Crazy for FIFA World Cup.
C．FIFA World Cup Is Popular Around India.
D．Special House Is Built for FIFA World Cup.
【答案】18．D 19．B 20．D 21．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了足球爱好者所做的疯狂的事情，比如粉丝购买房子一起观看足球赛世界杯。
18．细节理解题。根据“A group of seventeen football fans from Kochi, Kerala, bought a house on sale to watch the FIFA World Cup matches together.”可知，这些足球爱好者们买房子的目的是为了一起看球赛。故选D。
19．词句猜测题。根据“One of the buyers...and decorated it with flags of FIFA teams.”可知，根据其中一个买者的陈述可知，应该是已经购买了房子才会去装饰它。故选B。
20．主旨大意题。根据“they also completely changed the look...painted the house...”可知，这段主要讲的是足球热爱者们怎么去装饰房子。故选D。
21．最佳标题题。根据“Many people are crazy about important events in sports...Here’s what they did.”以及后文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲述了足球爱好者所做的疯狂的事情，比如粉丝购买房子一起观看足球赛世界杯。故选A。
（2022上·江苏盐城·八年级盐城文港路初级中学校考期末）
He was the only gray cub (灰色幼崽) of the she-wolf. The other cubs had red in their hair. He was gray like his father. He was the strongest cub. He showed more anger than his brothers and sisters. He made more noise.
His father and mother live mainly upon meat. In his first month of life, he lives on mother’s milk. And now, at a month old, when his eyes had been open for about a week, he began to eat meat himself.
There came a time when there was no meat. For many days the cubs did not eat. They were too weak and tired to play. One-Eye, the cub’s father, was killed in the fight over food. Even the she-wolf left home to find meat. But there was nothing. One by one, the cubs died. Only the she-wolf and gray cub were left.
One day the gray cub ran out to hunt for his own food. He met a weasel (鼬) of his size. The rat-like animal ran at him and bit his throat (喉咙). He was nearly dead when the she-wolf arrived just in time to kill and eat the weasel.
The gray cub was not good at hunting yet, and still needed food from his mother. One day, the she-wolf brought him a lynx kitten (小山猫). While eating, he heard great noise. The kitten’s mother had followed the she-wolf here. The she-wolf and the she-lynx started to fight, and they would fight to the death. The gray cub ran forward and bit one of her legs. This was enough to give the she-wolf the time she needed. The lynx was dead, but the she-wolf was badly hurt. For about a week, she didn’t move. The gray cub had to find food for both of them.
Without his mother to take care of him, he learnt what life was about. Without meat there was no life. Animals had to eat other animals to live. The law was: EAT OR BE EATEN.
—Taken from White Fang
22．The gray cub was ________ than his brothers and sisters.
A．stronger and redder
B．weaker and grayer
C．weaker and quieter
D．stronger and grayer
23．When did the gray cub start to eat meat himself
A．At one year old. B．At birth. C．At one month old. D．At one week old.
24．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．The gray cub ran forward and bit one of the lynx’s legs.
B．The gray cub saw they would fight to the death.
C．The she-wolf and the she-lynx started to fight.
D．The gray cub had to find food for Mother and himself.
25．Which is the right order in the passage
a. the gray cub’s father was killed because of the fight
b. The gray cub was nearly dead after meeting a weasel.
c. the gray cub began to eat meat himself at a month old
d. The gray cub bit the she-lynx and saved the she-wolf
e. Only the she-wolf and gray cub were left at last.
A．c-a-b-d-e B．c-d-b-a-e C．c-a-e-b-d D．c-d-e-b-a
26．According to the passage, we can infer (推测) that ________.
A．the law of meat was to eat all the other animals
B．life was difficult for the she-wolf and the gray cub
C．the gray cub’s brothers and sisters died from fights
D．the gray cub was good at hunting weasels and lynx kittens
【答案】22．D 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只灰色的狼崽在弱肉强食的丛林中历经磨难，慢慢成长起来，逐渐懂得了生活的意义。“要么吃，要么被吃掉”，这就是严酷的丛林法则。
22．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He was the only gray cub (灰色幼崽) of the she-wolf. The other cubs had red in their hair. He was gray like his father. He was the strongest cub. ”可知，它比其他狼崽更强壮、更灰。故选D。
23． 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And now, at a month old, when his eyes had been open for about a week, he began to eat meat himself.”可知，这只灰色的幼崽是一个月大的时候开始自己吃肉的。故选C。
24．词句猜测题。根据上文“The gray cub ran forward and bit one of her legs. This was enough to give the she-wolf the time she needed. ”可知，灰色的幼崽向前跑，咬住了母猞猁的一条腿，这足以给母狼所需的时间，由此推断，此处的this指的就是灰狼崽向前跑，咬住了母猞猁的腿。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And now, at a month old, when his eyes had been open for about a week, he began to eat meat himself. ”可知，c排第一；根据第三段中的“One-Eye, the cub’s father, was killed in the fight over food.”可知，a排第二；根据第三段中的“Only the she-wolf and gray cub were left.”可知，e排第三；根据第四段的“One day the gray cub ran out to hunt for his own food. He met a weasel of his size. The rat-like animal ran at him and bit his throat. He was nearly dead when the she-wolf arrived just in time to kill and eat the weasel. ”可知，b排第四；根据第五段中的“The gray cub ran forward and bit one of her legs. This was enough to give the she-wolf the time she needed.”可知，d排第五。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“The lynx was dead, but the she-wolf was badly hurt. ”可知，母狼和这只灰狼为了食物，身负重伤， 甚至冒着生命危险，由此可推断，母狼和狼崽的生活非常艰难。故选B。
（2022上·江苏南京·八年级统考期末）The Grasshopper (蝗虫) and the Ant (蚂蚁)
Narrator (旁白): It was summertime, and the days were warm and bright. The field was filled with insects. Bees and butterflies were fitting from flower to flower. Dragonflies were flying by. A grasshopper was hopping around the field. He saw a line of ants passing by. The ants were carrying seeds (种子). The grasshopper said...
Grasshopper: Come play with me. Let’s have some fun.
Narrator: But the busy ants kept moving as they called him...
Ant Chorus (齐声): We can’t stop now. Work must be done.
Narrator: The grasshopper spent his days hopping along and singing. Every day, he saw ants carrying seeds to the nest. And every day he said...
Grasshopper: Come play with me. Let’s have some fun.
Narrator: And every day the ants called him...
Ant Chorus: We can’t stop now. Work must be done.
Narrator: One day the grasshopper asked an ant...
Grasshopper: Why are you working so hard You could be playing in the warm summer sun.
Ant: I am helping to store food for the winter. I think you should do the same.
Grasshopper: Why bother about winter now There is plenty of food to eat.
Narrator: The grasshopper hopped away to play. The ant went back to its work. When winter came, the ants were never hungry. They ate the food they had stored during the summer. But the poor grasshopper could find nothing to eat.
Grasshopper: Now I see why the ants worked so hard. When you have a lot, you should save some for later.
27．What were the ants doing when the grasshopper saw them
A．They were carrying seeds. B．They were lying in the sunshine.
C．They were having fun in the field. D．They were hopping about the field.
28．What does the underlined phase “bother about” mean
A．hear about B．talk about C．know about D．worry about
29．What is the right order of what the grasshopper did in the story
①He had nothing to eat for winter.
②He saw a line of ants passing by.
③Ants told the grasshopper to store food but he didn’t.
④He asked the ants to stop and have some fun.
A．①③④② B．②①④③ C．②④③① D．①④②③
30．What can we learn from the story
A．Repair the house before it rains. B．Every dog has its day.
C．The grass is always greener on the other side. D．Practice makes perfect.
【答案】27．A 28．D 29．C 30．A
【导语】本文主要是有关蚂蚁和蚱蜢的话剧。蚱蜢夏天总是在玩，而蚂蚁却在忙着为冬天储存粮食，冬天一到，蚂蚁有东西吃，而蚱蜢却没有，这才意识到提前储存食物的重要性。从而告诉我们要学会未雨绸缪。
27．细节理解题。根据“He saw a line of ants passing by. The ants were carrying seeds (种子).”可知，当蚱蜢看到蚂蚁的时候，它们在搬运种子，故选A。
28．词句猜测题。根据“Why bother about winter now There is plenty of food to eat.”可知，蚱蜢觉得为什么现在要担心冬天？因为现在有很多食物可吃。所以短语“bother about”指的是“担忧”，与D选项意思一致，故选D。
29．细节理解题。根据“A grasshopper was hopping around the field. He saw a line of ants passing by. The ants were carrying seeds. The grasshopper said...Come play with me. Let’s have some fun.”以及“I am helping to store food for the winter. I think you should do the same.”以及“When winter came...But the poor grasshopper could find nothing to eat.”可知，故事中蚱蜢的动作顺序是：他看见一队蚂蚁经过，让蚂蚁停下来尽情地玩，后来蚂蚁告诉他也要储存一些食物，但是他拒绝了，最后冬天来了他没有吃的了，正确的顺序应该是②④③①，故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据“Now I see why the ants worked so hard. When you have a lot, you should save some for later.”以及整个故事的描述可知，蚱蜢饿肚子时才意识到提前储存食物的重要性，由此我们应该学会未雨绸缪，故选A。
（2022上·江苏南京·八年级统考期末）
Sitting for hours at a time is dangerous and can even lead to death. Today, however, many people spend more time sitting than sleeping.
Researchers say that all the time spent at the desk, at the computer, or in front of the television is taking years off your life. Ancient humans spent their days hunting, working, and moving from place to place. So being active is what our bodies are designed for. As a rapid reaction (反应) to this discovery, many people have begun using standing desks. However, this really isn’t an answer to the question.
A standing desk is a desk specially designed for use without a chair. There are many kinds of them, including normal work desks and special standing computer desks. Researchers say that simply standing instead of sitting won’t make your body much better. Standing only costs a few more calories than sitting and places more stress on your joints (关节) and back. The best way is to actually move around more. Take a walk around the office every half an hour. You can also walk over to your colleagues and talk to them instead of sending emails.
These are just a few ways to start moving more while at work. Outside of work, of course, be sure to do plenty of exercise.
31．What did ancient humans do in the daytime
①Hunt. ②Work. ③ Sit. ④ Move.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④
32．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Normal work desks. B．Standing computer desks.
C．Standing desks. D．Some chairs.
33．The underlined word “colleagues” probably means “_______”.
A．people who you study with B．people who you work with
C．people who you live with D．people who you exercise with
34．Which of the following does the writer probably agree
A．Using standing desks is a good way to keep healthy.
B．People should be active both at work and after work.
C．Most people spend more time standing than sleeping.
D．The best way to communicate with others is to send emails.
【答案】31．D 32．C 33．B 34．B
【导语】本文主要讲了久坐对人体的健康有影响，所以人们就设计了不能坐的站立式书桌，但长期站立也对健康有害，所以最好的方式就是多做运动。
31． 细节理解题。根据“Ancient humans spent their days hunting, working, and moving from place to place”可知，古人在白天会狩猎、工作和走动。故选D。
32．词义猜测题。根据“A standing desk is a desk specially designed for use without a chair. ”可知，此处的“them”指的是站立式书桌。故选C。
33．词义猜测题。根据前句“Take a walk around the office every half an hour.”可知，这是在办公室里，所以colleagues指的是一起工作的人，故选B。
34．观点态度题。根据“These are just a few ways to start moving more while at work. Outside of work, of course, be sure to do plenty of exercise.”可知，作者认为人们在工作和下班后都应该活跃起来。故选B。
（2022上·江苏南京·八年级统考期末）Dear Malia and Sasha,
I know that you’ve both had a lot of fun these two years. You have been to many picnics and had all kinds of junk food your mother and I probably shouldn’t have let you eat. But I also know that it hasn’t always been easy for you and Mum. So now I want to tell you a little more about why I decided to take our family on this journey.
When I was a young man, I thought life was all about me —about how I’d make my way in the world, become successful, and get the things I want. But then two of you came into my world with those smiles and suddenly, all my big plans didn’t seem so important any more. I soon found that the greatest happiness in my life was that you were so happy. And I realized that my own life wouldn’t mean much if I couldn’t make you two happy. In the end, girls, I ran for (竞选) President: because of what I want for you and for every child in the US.
I want all our children to go to school so that they can learn and grow. I want them to have the chance to go to college even though their parents don’t have enough money. And I want them to get good jobs.
I want us to see new technologies and inventions that improve our lives and make our earth cleaner and safer. And I want us to see no difference of different colors and areas because we are all equal (平等的).
I hope both of you will start to give others the chances you’ve had. You know, this country has given our family so much, so you have to, and really should, give something back. When you are doing something larger than yourself, you will realize how helpful you are.
There are the things I want for you—to grow up in the world in which you can make your dreams come true. And I want every child to have the same chances to learn and dream and grow and get what you girls have. That’s why I’ve taken our family on this great adventure.
I am so proud of you. I love you more than I can ever know. And I am thankful every day. Because you behave so well when we get ready to start our new life together in the White House.
Love,
Dad
35．From the letter we can see that the father is President of _______.
A．the US B．the UK C．Australia D．Canada
36．According to the second paragraph, the greatest happiness in the father’s life was that _______.
A．he could be President B．he was very successful
C．his two children were so happy D．he could get all the things he wanted
37．Which of the following can be the title of this passage
A．How to Be a President B．What I Want for You
C．A Trip to the White House D．We Love You, Dad!
【答案】35．A 36．C 37．B
【导语】本文作者是一位父亲也是一位美国总统，给两个女儿写的一封信，信中主要表达了对孩子们的爱和想要给予孩子们什么。
35．细节理解题。根据“I ran for (竞选) President: because of what I want for you and for every child in the US.”可知，从信中我们可以看出，父亲是美国总统。故选A。
36．细节理解题。根据“I soon found that the greatest happiness in my life was that you were so happy.”可知，在父亲的生活中最大的幸福是他的两个孩子很幸福。故选C。
37．最佳标题题。本文作者是一位父亲也是一位美国总统，给两个女儿写的一封信，信中主要表达了对孩子们的爱和想要给予孩子们什么。所以本文的最佳标题是“我想给你们什么”。故选B。
（2022上·江苏无锡·八年级统考期末）
Throughout history, humans have played some kinds of kicking games. What the world now calls football or soccer in the US began as far back as 2500 B．C．E. with the Chinese game of cuju. However, the sport we know today started from Britain. In the 1840s, England’s Football Association（协会）made a set of rules, and the modern game was born. Today, more than 200 million players all over the world take part in the game, truly making soccer the world’s sport.
So, why is soccer so popular Maybe it’s the game’s spirit: the feeling that the team on the field is your team, their winning makes you happy, and their losing makes you sad. Or maybe it’s the game’s international（国际的）quality. In countries like France, England, Spain and Brazil, most teams have players from many different nations, and these clubs now have fans all over the world. Or perhaps it’s the promise of great wealth（财富）. A number of professional（专业的）soccer players, including Brazil’s Neymar and Nigeria’s Victor Moses, come from poor families. Today, both of these players make much money every year.
Soccer is popular for those reasons above, but finally, the main reason for its appeal（吸引力）may be this: It’s a simple game. It can be played anywhere with anything a ball or a can（罐头）. And anyone can play it. “You don’t need to be rich to play soccer.” says Peter Alegi, “You just need a flat space and a ball.” Soccer takes less equipment（设备）than some other sports, so it’s not very expensive for a kid to join a soccer team.
It is this simplicity that makes soccer the most popular sport. In Africa, even in rural areas far from the bright lights and big stadiums（体育场）, children and adults play the game, often with handmade balls.
38．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1
A．Soccer comes from ancient China. B．England people made rules for soccer.
C．People have played lots of kicking games. D．Soccer has a long history and it is also popular now.
39．The writer uses the examples of Neymar and Victor Moses in Paragraph 2 to show ________.
A．even poor people can also play soccer
B．some professional players can become rich
C．people from different countries love to play soccer
D．they play soccer because they need lots of money
40．What is the most important reason for the popularity （流行） of soccer
A．The game’s spirit. B．The game is not difficult.
C．The promise of great wealth. D．The game’s international quality.
41．Where can you find this article
A．In a storybook. B．In a news report.
C．In a sports magazine. D．In a soccer advertisement.
【答案】38．D 39．B 40．B 41．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了足球运动的悠久历史以及它受到欢迎的原因。
38．主旨大意题。通读第一段可知，本段主要讲述了足球有着悠久的历史，现在也仍然很流行。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据“Or perhaps it’s the promise of great wealth（财富）. A number of professional（专业的）soccer players, including Brazil’s Neymar and Nigeria’s Victor Moses, come from poor families. Today, both of these players make much money every year.”可知，该段举关于内马尔和维克多 摩西的例子是想说明，虽然他们来自于贫困家庭，但是通过努力踢球也是会获得巨大的财富的。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据“Soccer is popular for those reasons above, but finally, the main reason for its appeal（吸引力）may be this: It’s a simple game.”可知，足球流行的最重要原因是它是一个简单的游戏，即是这个游戏不难。故选B。
41．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了足球运动的悠久历史以及它受到欢迎的原因。因此可以在运动杂志上找到。故选C。
（2022上·江苏无锡·八年级校联考期末）
42．Who can join the camp
A．Lily, 3 years old. B．Jenny, 6 years old. C．Aaron, 12 years old. D．Joseph, 15 years old.
43．What can the kids do at the winter camp
A．Have an outdoor party. B．Do sports with others. C．Learn how to cook food. D．Make a film about camp.
44．If two kids join the camp, how much should they pay for WEEK 2
A． 3200. B． 3400. C． 3600. D． 3800.
45．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Kids can watch TV in the winter camp.
B．The camp has activities on February 8.
C．Activities in the camp start at 7:00 a.m. every day.
D．Kids needn’t spend extra(额外的) money on their food in the camp.
【答案】42．C 43．B 44．C 45．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了一则冬令营的广告信息。
42．细节理解题。根据“Ages 7-13”可知，7到13岁的孩子可以参加，故选C。
43．细节理解题。根据“Sports/Arts &Crafts/Games/Movies/Ages 7-13/Food included”可知，孩子们可以和别人一起做运动。故选B。
44．推理判断题。根据“WEEK 2: 2000”以及“If you have more than 1 camper, you will each have 200 off”可知，WEEK 2一个人2000元，如果有两个人，每个人都减200，(2000-200)×2=3600，所以一共需要3600元。故选C。
45．细节理解题。根据“Food included”可知，食物包含在内，所以孩子们在营地里不需要花额外的钱买食物。故选D。
（2022上·江苏无锡·八年级校联考期末）Sally didn’t know what was wrong with her grandma. She was always forgetting things, like where she put the sugar and what time to have dinner.
“She might have Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症),” her mother said. “We might have to put her in a nursing home (养老院) so that she can get proper care.
“Oh, that’s terrible! She’ll miss her own house!” Sally said.
“Maybe, but we can see her on weekends,” her mother answered. “We can bring her presents.”
“Like ice cream Grandma loves strawberry ice cream!” Sally said.
The first time they visited Grandma, Sally wanted to cry. Grandma sat all by herself in the corner of the room.
Sally hugged Grandma. “Look,” she said, “we brought you strawberry ice cream!”
Grandma took it and began to eat without saying a word.
“She doesn’t seem to know us.” Sally was unhappy. “You have to give her time.” her mother said. But the next time it was the same. Grandma ate the ice cream, but didn’t say anything.
“Grandma, do you know who I am ” Sally asked.
“You’re the girl who brings me the ice cream.” Grandma said.
“Yes, but I’m Sally, your granddaughter. Don’t you remember me ”
“Sure. You’re the girl who brings me ice cream.” Suddenly, Sally knew that Grandma would never remember her.
“Oh, how I love you, Grandma!” she said. Just then she saw a tear roll down Grandma’s cheek (脸颊), “Love,” she said. “I remember love.”
“You see, dear, that’s all she wants,” her mother said. “Love.”
“I’ll bring her ice cream every weekend then, and hug her even if she doesn’t remember me.” Sally said.
After all, remembering love is more important than just being able to remember a name.
46．What was the matter with Sally’s grandma
A．She always felt sad. B．She ate too much ice cream.
C．She always forgot things. D．She put more sugar while cooking.
47．Why did Sally want to cry the first time the family visited Grandma
A．Because Grandma didn’t like her present.
B．Because she thought Grandma was quite lonely.
C．Because she saw a tear roll down Grandma’s cheek.
D．Because people in the nursing house weren’t kind to Grandma.
48．In Grandma’s eyes, Sally is ________.
A．a kind-hearted girl B．a cold person C．an honest granddaughter D．a careful nurse
49．According to the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________.
A．Grandma will be taken home to get better care
B．Grandma doesn’t love strawberry ice cream any more
C．Sally and her family visited Grandma three times a week
D．Sally won’t care if Grandma can remember her name
50．What does the writer mainly want to tell us
A．Hugs can give people a lot. B．Food is the best way.
C．Love can always stay in the heart. D．Alzheimer’s disease is not serious.
【答案】46．C 47．B 48．A 49．D 50．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了莎莉的奶奶得了阿尔茨海默症，莎莉每次去看望奶奶都会带一个冰淇淋给她，但是奶奶不记得莎莉是谁，最后莎莉明白记住爱比记住一个人的名字更重要。
46．细节理解题。根据“She was always forgetting things,”可知，莎莉的奶奶总是忘事。故选C。
47．推理判断题。根据“Grandma sat all by herself in the corner of the room.”可知，奶奶一个人坐在房间的角落里，因此可推知莎莉感到伤心是因为她觉得奶奶很孤单。故选B。
48．细节理解题。根据“‘You’re the girl who brings me the ice cream.’”可知，在奶奶眼中，莎莉是一个给她带冰淇淋的善良的女孩。故选A。
49．推理判断题。根据“After all, remembering love is more important than just being able to remember a name.”可知，莎莉明白记住爱比记住一个名字更重要，因此可推知，她不会介意奶奶是否能记住她的名字。故选D。
50．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文以莎莉和奶奶的故事告诉我们，记住爱比记住一个人的名字更重要。选项C“爱能永远留在心中”是作者主要想告诉我们的。故选C。
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）As we all know, if a person isn’t in good health, he or she can’t study or work well or live comfortably. Staying healthy is one of the most important goals in everyone’s life.
In the past three years, the COVID-19 pandemic has made many people exercise to keep healthy. So what are the most popular exercise What are different people’s favourites And what are some factors (因素) holding people back from physical fitness Here’s the result of a recent survey (调查) on people’s exercise.
Top 6 popular activities Different favourites What stops people from exercising
Running 57.3% Walking 51.5% Cycling 36.6% Playing ball games 25.8% Swimming 25.0% Hiking 21.6% Born after 2000 Born in 1990s No training 42.9% No time 33.2% No facilities 23.9%
Born in 1980s Born in 1970s
51．What kind of activity may a 50-year-old man probably like best
A．Ball games. B．Swimming. C．Walking. D．Yoga.
52．If 2, 000 people took part in the survey, how many people would think “No facilities” is the main factor in stopping them from exercising
A．239. B．429. C．478. D．664.
53．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Young people born in the 1980s like Yoga most.
B．Playing ball games is less popular than swimming.
C．The survey shows most people have no time to exercise.
D．The survey includes three questions on people’s exercise.
【答案】51．C 52．C 53．D
【导语】本文主要讲述的是一个有关人们锻炼的调查结果。
51．细节理解题。根据“Different favourites”中的“Born in 1970s”的调查结果可知，一个50岁的男性最喜欢的活动可能是散步。故选C。
52．推理判断题。根据“No facilities 23.9%”可知，2000×23.9%=478，所以如果有2000人参加调查，无设施不锻炼的有478人。故选C。
53．推理判断题。根据“So what are the most popular exercise What are different people’s favourites And what are some factors (因素) holding people back from physical fitness Here’s the result of a recent survey (调查) on people’s exercise.（那么最受欢迎的运动是什么呢？不同人的最爱是什么？哪些因素阻碍了人们的身体健康？）”可知调查包括三个关于人们锻炼的问题。故选D。
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）Can you paint Do you like painting What is the difference between painting and drawing
Rick was a young boy who was angry at everything around him. To calm Rick down, his mom came home with a canvas and paint. “Whenever you feel bad about something, paint it instead of getting angry.”
Though not that happy, Rick gave it a try. After creating many paintings, he took his artwork to his mom.
“Tell me, Rick. What are these paintings about ”
“The first is about how some kids show off their new clothes. The next is about my teacher who always tells me about how I’m doing things wrong. And the last painting is about how one of my schoolmates said I should change my attitude (态度). They all make me so angry.”
Rick’s mom took Rick by her side and told him, “Don’t you see, Rick You’re getting so angry but you never try to understand why.” Then she explained carefully, “All the people you were angry at did nothing wrong. The kids were showing off their good clothes but never laughed at you for being poor. Your teacher scolded you but that was because you caused trouble in class. And your schoolmate was only trying to help you correct your mistakes.”
“Next time when you get angry, take a deep breath and walk away for a couple of seconds. And when you come back, talk to the person you’re angry at. You might calm down in this way.” Rick took his mom’s advice and became less angry. He even started to feel happy around other children.
54．What does the underlined word “scolded” mean
A．Laughed at someone. B．Spoke to someone angrily.
C．Hit someone’s body hard. D．Gave someone advice.
55．What did Rick’s mom think of his life in his school
A．The teacher didn’t treat her son well. B．The kids always laughed at Rick’s clothes.
C．The classmates should change their attitude. D．Her son didn’t have a clear understanding of it.
56．What can we learn from this passage
A．Don’t believe a kid’s words. B．Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.
C．Don’t get angry easily. D．Don’t care about others’ words.
【答案】54．B 55．D 56．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了里克接受了妈妈的建议，变得不再爱生气了。
54．词义猜测题。根据“Your teacher scolded you but that was because you caused trouble in class.”可知在课堂上制造麻烦的话会被老师责备，即Spoke to someone angrily。故选B。
55．推理判断题。根据“You’re getting so angry but you never try to understand why”可知他妈妈认为他从来没有想过为什么会生气，可推知里克的妈妈认为她的儿子对此没有清楚的认识。故选D。
56．推理判断题。根据“Rick was a young boy who was angry at everything around him.（里克是个小男孩，他对周围的一切都很生气。）”和“Next time when you get angry, take a deep breath and walk away for a couple of seconds. And when you come back, talk to the person you’re angry at. You might calm down in this way.（下次你生气的时候，深呼吸，然后走开几秒钟。当你回来的时候，和你生气的人谈谈。这样你可能会冷静下来。）”以及文中的信息可知，我们可以从这篇文章中学到，不要轻易生气。故选C。
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级统考期末）Rick was a young boy who was angry at everything around him. To calm Rick down, his mom came home with a canvas (画布) and paint. “Whenever you feel bad about something, paint it instead of getting angry.” Though he was not so happy, Rick gave it a try. After creating many paintings, he took his artwork to his mom.
“Tell me, Rick. What are these paintings about ”
“The first is about how some kids show off (炫耀) their new clothes. The next is about my teacher who always tells me about how I’m doing things wrong. And the last painting is about how one of my schoolmates said I should change my attitude (态度). They all make me so angry.”
Rick’s mom took Rick by her side and told him, “Don’t you see, Rick You’re getting so angry, but you never try to understand why.” Then she explained carefully, “All the people you were angry at did nothing wrong. The kids were showing off their good clothes but never laughed at you for being poor. Your teacher scolded you but that was because you caused trouble in class. And your schoolmate was only trying to help you correct your mistakes.”
“Next time you get angry, take a deep breath and walk away for a couple of seconds. And when you come back, talk to the person you’re angry at. You might calm down in this way.”
Rick took his mom’s advice and became less angry. He even started to feel happy around other children.
57．Why did the mom give Rick a canvas and paint
A．To celebrate Rick’s birthday. B．To test Rick’s painting skills.
C．To help Rick with his anger. D．To learn from great artworks.
58．In Paragraph 1, what does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．Getting angry. B．Painting.
C．Canvas and paint. D．Changing the attitude.
59．What did the mom think of Rick’s situation
A．The kids laughed at Rick’s clothes.
B．The teacher didn’t treat her son fairly (公平地).
C．The classmates should change their attitude.
D．Her son didn’t have a clear understanding of it.
60．What can we learn from this passage
A．Don’t believe a kid’s words. B．Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.
C．Don’t give in (屈服) to anger easily. D．Never look down on yourself.
【答案】57．C 58．B 59．D 60．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了Rick是一个爱生气的小孩，后来在妈妈的建议下，变得不那么生气了。
57．细节理解题。根据第一段“To calm Rick down, his mom came home with a canvas (画布) and paint. ”可知，Rick的妈妈给Rick画布和颜料，是为了帮他平息怒火。故选C。
58．词义猜测题。根据前文“Whenever you feel bad about something, paint it instead of getting angry.”可知，妈妈让他想生气的时候就画画，所以这里是说Rick决定试试画画这个方法。故选B。
59．细节理解题。根据第四段“Don’t you see, Rick You’re getting so angry but you never try to understand why.”可知，Rick的妈妈认为Rick从来不试图理解为何别人会那样对他，他只会一味地生气，却没有想过事情的根本原因。故选D。
60．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Next time you get angry, take a deep breath and walk away for a couple of seconds. And when you come back, talk to the person you’re angry at. You might calm down in this way.”及通读全文后可知，本文主要介绍了Rick是一个爱生气的小孩，后来在妈妈的建议下，他变得不那么生气。这个故事教会我们要如何对待“怒火”，更重要的是不要让愤怒左右了自己。故选C。
（2022上·江苏盐城·八年级盐城文港路初级中学校考期末）Sam says, “I like June. June is a good month. I like it hot. Summer starts in June. Summer days are hot. The days in June are hot.”
Pam says, “I like June. June is a good month. I like it cold. Winter starts in June. Winter days are cold. The days in June are cold.”
Who is right Are the days in June hot or cold Sam is right. Pam is right. How can both Sam and Pam be right Our earth orbits around the sun. That means the earth goes around the sun.
When it orbits, it tilts (倾斜). For half of the earth’s orbit, the North Pole (北极) points to the sun. For half of the earth’s orbit, the South Pole points to the sun.
When the North Pole points to the sun, it is hotter in the north and the days are longer. In the south, it is colder and the days are shorter. When the South Pole points to the sun, it is hotter in the south and the days are longer. In the north, it is colder and the days are shorter.
Sam lives in the north. Summer starts in June for Sam. Pam lives in the south. Winter starts in June for Pam. But what about Cam All of Cam’s days are about the same length. They are not long. They are not short. All of Cam’s days are about the same temperature. Why Because Cam lives in the middle, near the equator (赤道).
61．The underlined words “orbits around” mean “________”.
A．shows around B．walks around C．moves around D．looks around
62．When the North Pole points to the sun, ________ in Sam’s living place.
A．the weather is hot B．the weather is cold C．nights are longer D．days are shorter
63．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．For Pam, summer starts in June.
B．Winter is Cam’s favourite season.
C．All the three boys like June best.
D．Cam’s living place is near the equator.
【答案】61．C 62．A 63．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要通过描述三个不同地点的男孩喜欢不同的气候来解释地球运行的规律。
61．词义猜测题。根据“That means the earth goes around the sun.”可知，地球绕着太阳转， 即moves around。故选C。
62．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“When the North Pole points to the sun, it is hotter in the north and the days are longer.”以及第六段“Sam lives in the north. ”可知，当北极指向太阳时，山姆居住的地方天气炎热。故选A。
63．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Because Cam lives in the middle, near the equator (赤道).”可知，卡姆住在赤道附近。故选D。
（2022上·江苏泰州·八年级校考期末）A man in Pakistan（巴基斯坦） is now working to help children get an education（教育）. When he was a child, he did not go to school because he was too poor.
It is reported that Pakistan has 25 million children who do not go to school. That is the second highest number in the world. Only Nigeria（尼日利亚） has more. Many Pakistani children must work to support their families.
Mohammad Ayub was once one of those children. He is now a firefighter. He also manages a small school. VOA recently visited the school in the capital Islamabad.
Ayub started with just one student in 1982. He saw a boy cleaning cars for days. He asked him, “Why don’t you go to school ” The boy answered that his parents were dead and he had to work to help support his five brothers and three sisters.
Ayub was also an orphan（孤儿） and he, too, had to work to help support his five brothers and three sisters. He said, “When my father died, everyone who came to the funeral（葬礼） said they were sorry, but no one helped.” He sold newspapers and did other work to earn enough money to pay school fees for his brothers and sisters.
Ayub wanted to help the young boy who washed cars, but he did not have enough money to pay the boy’s school fees. _______.
Today, Ayub teaches many children at his school in a public park. Some of the children attend other schools in the morning, but come to Ayub in the afternoon to get help with their homework.
Ayub has helped a large number of poor children since（自从） he began teaching. Many of them come from very poor areas near the park.
Ayub said, “I used to argue with kids who worked ‘Why are you washing someone’s dishes or their clothes Why don’t you study ’”
One of the children he advised to attend classes was Farhat Abbas. Ayub found him working with his friends about 12 years ago. “He followed us back home. He told our parents he wanted to teach us and asked them to send us to his school,” Abbas said.
Today, Abbas is taking classes at a college and is helping Ayub.
Many children are out of school, and those who do attend classes often get a poor education. Information collected by an organization shows half of all Pakistani children in the 5th grade do not understand basic（基础的）mathematics and cannot read a story in their language.
A group in Islamabad reports Pakistan spends less on education than any other country in South Asia.
64．According to the report of a group in Islamabad, which country spends the least on education in South Asia
A．Pakistan. B．Nigeria. C．India. D．China.
65．Ayub did all the following things to help the poor children EXCEPT ________.
A．managing a small school B．teaching the poor children
C．taking classes at a college D．visiting the children’s parents
66．Which sentence can be put in the empty place in the passage
A．So he offered to teach him. B．So he asked his parents to help him.
C．So he gave up his idea. D．So he forced（逼迫，强迫） him to go to school.
67．Which is the right time order of what happened in the passage
a. Ayub began to teach the poor children in his school.
b. Ayub’s school in the capital Islamabad was visited by VOA．
c. Ayub advised Abbas’s parents to send him to his school.
d. Ayub worked to pay school fees for his brothers and sisters.
e. Ayub saw a boy cleaning cars for days and decided to help him.
A．a-b-e-d-e B．b-c-d-a-e C．d-a-e-c-b D．d-e-a-c-b
68．From the passage, which are the best words to describe Ayub
A．Hard-working and honest. B．Kind-hearted and helpful.
C．Creative and confident. D．Humorous and popular.
【答案】64．A 65．C 66．A 67．D 68．B
【导语】本文向我们介绍了在巴基斯坦令人堪忧的教育状况以及一个叫作Mohammad Ayub的小伙子为了改变这一现状创办了一所学校，帮助巴基斯坦的贫困学生上学的事迹。
64．细节理解题。根据“A group in Islamabad reports Pakistan spends less on education than any other country in South Asia”可知巴基斯坦在教育方面的支出比南亚任何其他国家都少。故选A。
65．细节理解题。根据“He also manages a small school”可知他管理着一所小学校；根据“Today, Ayub teaches many children at his school in a public park”可知他在公园里的学校教很多孩子；根据“He told our parents he wanted to teach us and asked them to send us to his school”可知他进行过家访，劝说孩子的父母让孩子去学校接受教育。故选C。
66．推理判断题。根据“Ayub wanted to help the young boy who washed cars, but he did not have enough money to pay the boy’s school fees”可知他想帮助洗车的小男孩，但他没有足够的钱支付男孩的学费，接下来讲述他是如何做的，选项A“所以他主动提出教他”符合语境。故选A。
67．细节理解题。根据“Ayub was also an orphan（孤儿） and he, too, had to work to help support his five brothers and three sisters”可知他刚开始是是赚钱供自己的弟弟妹妹们上学，即d排第一位，排除AB；根据“Ayub wanted to help the young boy who washed cars”可知之后他看到了一个洗车的男孩，e排第二位，排除C。故选D。
68．推理判断题。通读全文可知，他通过自己的努力帮助巴基斯坦的贫困学生上学，可见他很善良，有帮助的。故选B。
（2022上·江苏南通·八年级校联考期末）Imagine (想象) there is a glass on a table in front of you. It has water in it but it is not full. How do you describe the glass Do you say it is half full or half empty
If you say half full, you might be an optimist (乐观主义者). If you say half empty, you might be the opposite (相反的)—a pessimist.
A new study suggests that your level of optimism may affect (影响) your health. People who are optimistic (乐观的) may live longer than those who are pessimistic (悲观的).
Researchers at Harvard University’s of Public Health in Boston did the study. They compared (作比较) women “with a general expectation that good things will happen” with women who were less optimistic. They found that the optimists had a much lower risk of getting several deadly (致命的) diseases (疾病), including cancer and heart disease.
Kaitlin Hagan, a study leader says optimists can take better care of themselves by exercising, eating healthy food and getting enough sleep.
She also says earlier studies show that a person can use simple, low-cost ways to increase optimism. She says each night we can plan to do two or three simple and enjoyable activities. They might be watching the sun rise, visiting a friend, dancing to a favorite song or reading a story with your child.
69．From the passage, we can know ________.
A．we should drink a glass of water every day
B．optimists may live shorter than those who are pessimistic
C．we should make more friends to be optimistic
D．we can do some simple things to make ourselves optimistic
70．According to Kaitlin Hagan, we can do the following things to make ourselves optimistic EXCEPT ________.
A．drinking a lot of water B．enough sleep
C．eating healthy food D．exercising
71．What’s the best title for the passage
A．How to reduce the risk of getting cancer B．How to be healthy
C．How to be hard-working D．How to be more optimistic
72．What’s the writing style of the passage
A．Narrative (记叙文) B．Argumentation (议论文)
C．Expository writing (说明文) D．Practical writing (应用文）
【答案】69．D 70．A 71．D 72．B
【导语】本文通过一杯水的实验告诉我们要保持乐观的心态，这对我们的健康有着重要的意义，并提出了保持乐观心态的建议。
69．细节理解题。根据“She also says earlier studies show that a person can use simple, low-cost ways to increase optimism.”可知，一个人可以用简单、低成本的方法来增加乐观。故选D。
70．细节理解题。根据“Kaitlin Hagan, a study leader says optimists can take better care of themselves by exercising, eating healthy food and getting enough sleep.”可知，乐观主义者会通过锻炼、健康饮食和充足的睡眠来更好地照顾自己，所以这三项有助于我们保持乐观，A项未提及。故选A。
71．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文通过一杯水的实验告诉我们要保持乐观的心态，这对我们的健康有着重要的意义，所以D项“如何更加乐观”最适合作为标题。故选D。
72．推理判断题。文章通过一杯水的实验讨论了乐观对身体健康状况的影响，并提出了保持乐观心态的建议，所以本文是一篇议论文。故选B。
（2022上·江苏无锡·八年级统考期末）If you’re worried about being a self-centered person, that shows you’ve already taken an important step towards change. Here is a useful list of simple things you can try that can help you focus（关注）less on yourself and more on the needs of others. Even small changes in your daily life can make a big difference!
Focus on listening instead of talking. Give others your full attention（注意力）and really hear them out. Self-centered people often make conversations go around themselves and they are easy to get bored when the focus isn’t on them. If this sounds like you, you can break that habit! Give others a chance to speak and do your best to show that you’re really listening.
Put yourself in someone else’s shoes. Imagining（想象）yourself in their situations（情形）helps you understand them better. If your friends are telling you about something that happened to them, you can try to ask yourself how you’d feel and what you’d need if you were them. Then, keep those things in mind when you reply to your friend.
Use fewer “I” and “me” sentences. Don’t always want to talk about yourself in every conversation. You can’t focus on anyone else if you’re always talking about yourself. Try to actively lower the number of “I” and “me” sentences you make in daily conversations. Studies show that talking about yourself less often can make you happier and healthier, so try to remind（提醒）yourself of that.
73．How can you focus on listening instead of talking
A．Never be bored with others.
B．Let others hear you out carefully.
C．Give others a chance to speak and really hear them.
D．Always make the conversations go around others.
74．The underlined（下划线）sentence in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．others’ shoes are more comfortable B．care about others’ feelings and needs
C．others’ situations are better than yours D．tell friends you care about them when replying
75．Which sentence is NOT advised to start a conversation according to Paragraph 4
A．You look great today! B．I
