2024届高考英语复习语法专题——定语从句学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语复习语法专题——定语从句学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 53.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-12-29 11:39:43 | ||
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高考英语复习语法专题——定语从句
1.定义：
先行词：Tom is my father. My father is a teacher.
=Tom is my father who/that is a teacher.
____________ 是先行词，____________ 是关系词（起替代先行词的作用）。
关系代词：（在定语从句中做成分）
关系代词 所做成分 指代人/物
Who 主语，宾语 人
Whom 宾语 人
Which 主语，宾语 物
That 主语，宾语 人、物
Whose 所属关系（属格） 人、物
as 主语，宾语 人、物
注意：as 在关系代词中，通常是与the same…as, such…as 搭配。
Whose= of which
关系副词=介词+关系代词
关系副词
When =介词+which
Where =介词+which
Why = for which（先行词通常是reason）
注意the way 的用法：
This is the way___________ he talks to me.
This is the way___________ helps me a lot.
This is the way___________ he tells me.
Keys: in which/that/\
that/which
that/which/\
当 the way 表示通过某种方式=in the way时，关系词用in which/that/\， 相当于how,后面句子是完整的。当the way 做先行词，后面从句缺成分，做主语用 that/which，做宾语that/which/\。
注意 reason 用法：
The reason _________ he was late for school was unclear.
The reason _________ he told me was that he got up late.
Keys: why, that/which/\
当reason 做先行词，后面从句不缺成分用 关系副词why，缺成分用关系代词。
2.只能用which情况：
1) “，”非限制性定语从句
2)介词
3)非限制定语从句中指代整个句子
3.只能用that情况：（口诀：代序高特双疑）
代词（something, nothing, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, anything, anybody, anyone…）
序数词（the first，the second…）
最高级（the best， the most，…）
特殊（the only, the very, all, some, much, little, few, little…）
双（人+物）
疑问词（who, which）
4.不用that情况：1）介词 2）“，”非限制性定语从句
5.限制性定语从句 Vs 非限制性定语从句
辨析： ①I love my girlfriend who is beautiful.
②I love my girlfriend, who is beautiful.
①我是海王，我有很多女朋友，我喜欢漂亮的那个。
②我对我唯一的女朋友很专一。
非限制定语从句是对前面先行词起到补充说明的作用。
注意：在非限制定语从句中，which可以指代整个句子，as通常翻译为正如：as is known to us众所周知
解题技巧：
1.先找先行词
2.分两种情况讨论：
①___主语__ + V.（人：who, that 物：which, that）
② __宾语__ + n./人称代词+V及物（人：whom, that, 物：that, which）
__所属___ + n./人称代词+ V及物+宾语/V不及物（人/物：whose）
__关系副词__ + n./人称代词+ V不及物（when， where， why）
小试牛刀：
1.Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.
2.He _________ doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
3.A company _________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunity abroad.
4.We will reach the sales targets in a month _________ we set at the beginning of the year.
5.In the past few years, more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down, _________ is the result of the competition with online bookstores.
6.The prize will go to the writer _________ story shows the most imagination.
7.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _________ uses it somewhat differently.
8.They were well trained by their masters _________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
9.The little problems _________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
10.In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to _________ she could turn for help.
11.The research finds that people _____________ keep fit are more likely to be positive about life.
12.All the things _________ he saw in the earthquake made him shocked.
13.A study shows the students who take part in extra curricular activities are happier than those ______ do not.
14.I still remember the earthquake _____________ happened in Sichuan.
15.The first thing _________ he did after arriving home was doing his homework.
16.It is the tallest building _________ John has seen ever since he came here.
17.She said she would do anything ________ could help her mother recover from the disease.
18.The pen _________ he bought yesterday is the same as mine.
19.Children _________ diet is high in fat will put on weight quickly.
20.The gift will be given to anyone _________ comes first.
21.After the terrible fire, the old car is the only thing _______ he owns now.
22.We paid a visit to the museum _________ was built one years ago.
23.She took photos of the things and people _________ she was interested in.
24.I'm not interested in the story __________ is about the trip to the moon.
25.One Hundred Years of Solitude is the best book ________I have read so far.
26.The reason _________ she changed her mind is quite clear.
27.Nobody knows the reason ______she didn't go to the party.
28.We went through a period _______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
29.We visited the car factory _________ my uncle once worked three years ago.
30.This is the place _________ the famous headmaster delivered a speech.
31.We live in an age ________ the development of the economy and science is faster than ever.
32.They have reached the stage __________ they are going to get married.
33.We have come to a point ________ everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement.
34.Miss Wang is taking care of the child _________ parents have gone to Beijing.
35.The book in _______ there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
36.We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals ______ you are talking about.
37.This is one of the most wonderful novels _______ have been published since 1990.
38.The young man cheated his friend of much money, ______ was disgraceful.
39.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, ________ made his parents very angry.
40.All the neighbors admire this family ________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
41.The days are gone _______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
42.In an hour, we can travel to places _______ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
43.It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _______ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
44.English is a “fixed-word-order” language _______ each phrase has a fixed position.
45.Wolves are highly social animals _______ success depends upon cooperation.
46.Copper is one of the metals ______ which we are most familiar.
47.Mr. Smith, from _____ I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.
48.Kate, _______ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
49.They went to London, ______ they lived for six months.
50.The meeting will be put off till next week, _______ those people will be back from Shanghai.
51.Mr. King was quickly taken to hospital, ________ a doctor would examine his legs.
52.All we need is a small piece of land _______ we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
53.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________ are returned to our shop for quality problems.
54.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
55.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.
56.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ______ uses it differently.
57.The village ________ I was born has grown into a town.
58.The exact year _______ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
59.Can you tell me the exact time ______ the film will start
60.If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place ______ all things are possible, tonight is your answer.
61.An architect is a person _________ designs houses and buildings.
62.They rushed over to help the man _________ car had broken down.
63.The new machine _________ was made in our factory is very helpful.
64.The package _________ you are carrying should be checked.
65.September 22nd is a day _________ she went to America.
66.Beijing is the place _________ I was born.
67.Is this the reason _________ he refused our offer
68.The man to _________ you spoke just now is a relative of my aunt's.
69.The computer _________ he lost at the Copenhagen Airport was an IBM laptop.
70.Do you like the town _________ we visited last summer？
71.I'll never forget the days _________ I spent in the scenic countryside.
72.He's angry then, so he didn't listen to the explanation _________ I gave for my being late.
73.It is the very man ______ I have met all my life.
74.It is the only ancient building ______ we have ever visited.
75.The man coat is black is waiting at the gate.
76.Her sister, ______ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.
77.These book are for students mother language is not English.
78.This is the person you are looking for.
79.That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
80.The basketball _________ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.
81.English is the most difficult subject you will learn during these years.
82.The bike and its rider had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
83.You should hand in all you have.
84.Liu Xiang is retiring from the 110 meter hurdle race, ending a career he became a global superstar who went beyond the sport.
85.Carefulness, without you can't go to work well, is a kind of quality.
86.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
87.I admire my head teacher. I can remember very few occasions he stopped working because of ill health.
88.In most cases, college graduates don't mind what job they will do so long as it is one they can earn money to support themselves.
89.A wild Siberian tiger has been caught on camera eating dead livestock in Heilongjiang Province __ the first images of this sort were captured.
真题训练：
90.(2021· 天津卷） At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
91.(2020·江苏卷） Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.
92.(2020·天津卷） Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
93.(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷） In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
94.【2019·江苏卷】 We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
95.【2019·天津卷】 Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
96.【2019·新课标 II 卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_________ she opened with her late husband Les.
97.【2019·新课标 III 卷】They were well trained by their masters ______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
98.【2019·浙江卷】 On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.
99.【2019·北京卷】 What students do at college seems to matter much more than ______ they go.
100.【2019·北京卷】 The students benefitting most from college are those _____ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
Keys：1.that 2.who 3.whose 4.that/which/\ 5.which
6.whose 7.which 8.who/that 9.that 10.whom
11.who/that 12.that 13.who 14.that/which 15.that
16.that 17.that 18.that/which/\ 19.whose 20.who
21.that 22.which\that 23.that 24.which\that 25.that
26.why 27.why 28.when 29.which/that/\ 30.where
31.when 32.where 33.where 34.whose 35.which
36.that 37.that 38.which 39.which 40.where
41.when 42.which\that 43.when 44.where 45.whose
46.with 47.whom 48.whose 49.where 50.when
51.where 52.where 53.which 54.when 55.which
56.which 57.where 58.which\that 59.when 60.where
61.who/that 62.whose 63.which\that 64. which\that\/ 65. when
66.where 67.why 68.whom 69. which\that\/ 70. which\that\/
71. which\that\/ 72. which\that\/ 73. that 74.that 75.whose
76.whom/who 77.whose 78.that/whom/who 79.whose 80.which\that\/
81.that 82.that 83.that 84.where 85.which
86.when 87.where 88.where 89.where
90.where 91.which 92.whose 93.whose 94.when 95.where
96.which 97.who 98.which 99.where 100.who
1.定义：
先行词：Tom is my father. My father is a teacher.
=Tom is my father who/that is a teacher.
____________ 是先行词，____________ 是关系词（起替代先行词的作用）。
关系代词：（在定语从句中做成分）
关系代词 所做成分 指代人/物
Who 主语，宾语 人
Whom 宾语 人
Which 主语，宾语 物
That 主语，宾语 人、物
Whose 所属关系（属格） 人、物
as 主语，宾语 人、物
注意：as 在关系代词中，通常是与the same…as, such…as 搭配。
Whose= of which
关系副词=介词+关系代词
关系副词
When =介词+which
Where =介词+which
Why = for which（先行词通常是reason）
注意the way 的用法：
This is the way___________ he talks to me.
This is the way___________ helps me a lot.
This is the way___________ he tells me.
Keys: in which/that/\
that/which
that/which/\
当 the way 表示通过某种方式=in the way时，关系词用in which/that/\， 相当于how,后面句子是完整的。当the way 做先行词，后面从句缺成分，做主语用 that/which，做宾语that/which/\。
注意 reason 用法：
The reason _________ he was late for school was unclear.
The reason _________ he told me was that he got up late.
Keys: why, that/which/\
当reason 做先行词，后面从句不缺成分用 关系副词why，缺成分用关系代词。
2.只能用which情况：
1) “，”非限制性定语从句
2)介词
3)非限制定语从句中指代整个句子
3.只能用that情况：（口诀：代序高特双疑）
代词（something, nothing, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, anything, anybody, anyone…）
序数词（the first，the second…）
最高级（the best， the most，…）
特殊（the only, the very, all, some, much, little, few, little…）
双（人+物）
疑问词（who, which）
4.不用that情况：1）介词 2）“，”非限制性定语从句
5.限制性定语从句 Vs 非限制性定语从句
辨析： ①I love my girlfriend who is beautiful.
②I love my girlfriend, who is beautiful.
①我是海王，我有很多女朋友，我喜欢漂亮的那个。
②我对我唯一的女朋友很专一。
非限制定语从句是对前面先行词起到补充说明的作用。
注意：在非限制定语从句中，which可以指代整个句子，as通常翻译为正如：as is known to us众所周知
解题技巧：
1.先找先行词
2.分两种情况讨论：
①___主语__ + V.（人：who, that 物：which, that）
② __宾语__ + n./人称代词+V及物（人：whom, that, 物：that, which）
__所属___ + n./人称代词+ V及物+宾语/V不及物（人/物：whose）
__关系副词__ + n./人称代词+ V不及物（when， where， why）
小试牛刀：
1.Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.
2.He _________ doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
3.A company _________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunity abroad.
4.We will reach the sales targets in a month _________ we set at the beginning of the year.
5.In the past few years, more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down, _________ is the result of the competition with online bookstores.
6.The prize will go to the writer _________ story shows the most imagination.
7.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _________ uses it somewhat differently.
8.They were well trained by their masters _________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
9.The little problems _________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
10.In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to _________ she could turn for help.
11.The research finds that people _____________ keep fit are more likely to be positive about life.
12.All the things _________ he saw in the earthquake made him shocked.
13.A study shows the students who take part in extra curricular activities are happier than those ______ do not.
14.I still remember the earthquake _____________ happened in Sichuan.
15.The first thing _________ he did after arriving home was doing his homework.
16.It is the tallest building _________ John has seen ever since he came here.
17.She said she would do anything ________ could help her mother recover from the disease.
18.The pen _________ he bought yesterday is the same as mine.
19.Children _________ diet is high in fat will put on weight quickly.
20.The gift will be given to anyone _________ comes first.
21.After the terrible fire, the old car is the only thing _______ he owns now.
22.We paid a visit to the museum _________ was built one years ago.
23.She took photos of the things and people _________ she was interested in.
24.I'm not interested in the story __________ is about the trip to the moon.
25.One Hundred Years of Solitude is the best book ________I have read so far.
26.The reason _________ she changed her mind is quite clear.
27.Nobody knows the reason ______she didn't go to the party.
28.We went through a period _______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
29.We visited the car factory _________ my uncle once worked three years ago.
30.This is the place _________ the famous headmaster delivered a speech.
31.We live in an age ________ the development of the economy and science is faster than ever.
32.They have reached the stage __________ they are going to get married.
33.We have come to a point ________ everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement.
34.Miss Wang is taking care of the child _________ parents have gone to Beijing.
35.The book in _______ there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
36.We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals ______ you are talking about.
37.This is one of the most wonderful novels _______ have been published since 1990.
38.The young man cheated his friend of much money, ______ was disgraceful.
39.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, ________ made his parents very angry.
40.All the neighbors admire this family ________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
41.The days are gone _______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
42.In an hour, we can travel to places _______ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
43.It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _______ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
44.English is a “fixed-word-order” language _______ each phrase has a fixed position.
45.Wolves are highly social animals _______ success depends upon cooperation.
46.Copper is one of the metals ______ which we are most familiar.
47.Mr. Smith, from _____ I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.
48.Kate, _______ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
49.They went to London, ______ they lived for six months.
50.The meeting will be put off till next week, _______ those people will be back from Shanghai.
51.Mr. King was quickly taken to hospital, ________ a doctor would examine his legs.
52.All we need is a small piece of land _______ we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
53.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________ are returned to our shop for quality problems.
54.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
55.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.
56.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ______ uses it differently.
57.The village ________ I was born has grown into a town.
58.The exact year _______ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
59.Can you tell me the exact time ______ the film will start
60.If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place ______ all things are possible, tonight is your answer.
61.An architect is a person _________ designs houses and buildings.
62.They rushed over to help the man _________ car had broken down.
63.The new machine _________ was made in our factory is very helpful.
64.The package _________ you are carrying should be checked.
65.September 22nd is a day _________ she went to America.
66.Beijing is the place _________ I was born.
67.Is this the reason _________ he refused our offer
68.The man to _________ you spoke just now is a relative of my aunt's.
69.The computer _________ he lost at the Copenhagen Airport was an IBM laptop.
70.Do you like the town _________ we visited last summer？
71.I'll never forget the days _________ I spent in the scenic countryside.
72.He's angry then, so he didn't listen to the explanation _________ I gave for my being late.
73.It is the very man ______ I have met all my life.
74.It is the only ancient building ______ we have ever visited.
75.The man coat is black is waiting at the gate.
76.Her sister, ______ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.
77.These book are for students mother language is not English.
78.This is the person you are looking for.
79.That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
80.The basketball _________ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.
81.English is the most difficult subject you will learn during these years.
82.The bike and its rider had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
83.You should hand in all you have.
84.Liu Xiang is retiring from the 110 meter hurdle race, ending a career he became a global superstar who went beyond the sport.
85.Carefulness, without you can't go to work well, is a kind of quality.
86.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
87.I admire my head teacher. I can remember very few occasions he stopped working because of ill health.
88.In most cases, college graduates don't mind what job they will do so long as it is one they can earn money to support themselves.
89.A wild Siberian tiger has been caught on camera eating dead livestock in Heilongjiang Province __ the first images of this sort were captured.
真题训练：
90.(2021· 天津卷） At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
91.(2020·江苏卷） Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.
92.(2020·天津卷） Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
93.(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷） In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
94.【2019·江苏卷】 We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
95.【2019·天津卷】 Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
96.【2019·新课标 II 卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_________ she opened with her late husband Les.
97.【2019·新课标 III 卷】They were well trained by their masters ______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
98.【2019·浙江卷】 On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.
99.【2019·北京卷】 What students do at college seems to matter much more than ______ they go.
100.【2019·北京卷】 The students benefitting most from college are those _____ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
Keys：1.that 2.who 3.whose 4.that/which/\ 5.which
6.whose 7.which 8.who/that 9.that 10.whom
11.who/that 12.that 13.who 14.that/which 15.that
16.that 17.that 18.that/which/\ 19.whose 20.who
21.that 22.which\that 23.that 24.which\that 25.that
26.why 27.why 28.when 29.which/that/\ 30.where
31.when 32.where 33.where 34.whose 35.which
36.that 37.that 38.which 39.which 40.where
41.when 42.which\that 43.when 44.where 45.whose
46.with 47.whom 48.whose 49.where 50.when
51.where 52.where 53.which 54.when 55.which
56.which 57.where 58.which\that 59.when 60.where
61.who/that 62.whose 63.which\that 64. which\that\/ 65. when
66.where 67.why 68.whom 69. which\that\/ 70. which\that\/
71. which\that\/ 72. which\that\/ 73. that 74.that 75.whose
76.whom/who 77.whose 78.that/whom/who 79.whose 80.which\that\/
81.that 82.that 83.that 84.where 85.which
86.when 87.where 88.where 89.where
90.where 91.which 92.whose 93.whose 94.when 95.where
96.which 97.who 98.which 99.where 100.who