中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题04 首字母填空技巧及进阶练（最新名校期末）20篇
·模块一 首字母填空技巧
·模块二 首字母填空（最新名校期末）进阶练20篇
首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和连词、代词、介词这几大词类。
能力考察
词汇量与具体运用能力（基础）
句子结构分析能力（确定词性和词形）
语义、语境分析能力（确定词义）
逻辑推断能力（确定词义）
前后文关键信息提取能力（更为准确确定词义）
解题思路
词性的判断（句法结构、词性的句法功能）
词义的判断（句意理解）
脑海中搜索符合相关条件的考纲词汇
复查（名词单复数、动词时态三单、形容词副词形式级别、固定搭配与文意等）
Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
【案例分析1】
A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how they spent their spare time. Here they report the r 81 of the survey. It’s not at all surprising to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities.
P 82 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.
Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed said that music was their favourite activity. This i 83 both listening to and playing music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a book or magazine.
Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.
V 85 friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 86 popular way of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said they spoke to friends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.
前后文呼应、理解
(1) P 82 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.
（2）They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.
(3)V____85______ friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week.
Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 86 popular way of contacting friends was the telephone.
句间关系（递进、转折、因果、让步等）
(1) Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.
【案例分析2】华二开学摸底卷
It’s a great but difficult project to set up a permanent human settlement on Mars. Over 200,000 volunteers from more than 120 countries have applied to take a one-way trip to Mars.
The project, run by a Dutch company named Mars One, aims to send a group of volunteers to Mars, and because of the physiological(生理上的) change in the human body after a stay on Mars, there’d be no chance of c 81 back. So it’s only a one-way trip ! However, that hasn’t stop volunteers becoming one of Mars’ first citizens. “This is turning out to be the most welcome job in history.” Says Bas Lansdorp, co-founder of Mars One.
Day-to-day life on Mars will be not easy. The daily work will i 82 building greenhouses or doing some research---all in a lonely environment.
Mars is not f 83 to life. Its atmosphere is so thin that it won’t project you from harmful radiation(辐射) from the sun. You can’t breathe the air and it is very cold on Mars, with an average temperature of around -50℃.There is no running water on the surface of Mars. The water is frozen or hidden u 84 .
But Mars One says the project is not looking for volunteers with some skill, such as a science degree.
I 85 , they are looking for people who have “a deep sense of purpose and responsibility”. As the first group of people living on Mars, volunteers should be “willing to building and keep a healthy r 86 with the Earth”. They also want volunteers who are “curious, creative, and good at finding ways of dealing with all kinds of problems”.
The volunteer will receive at least eight years’ training b 87 they leave Earth, the company says. The first group of 24 volunteers is set to fly to Mars in 2004.
【解析】
前后文呼应、理解
(1) there’d be no chance of c 81 back. So it’s only a one-way trip !
The daily work will i 82 building greenhouses or doing some research---all in a lonely environment.
(3) Mars is not f 83 to life. Its atmosphere is so thin that it won’t project you from harmful radiation(辐射) from the sun.
There is no running water on the surface of Mars. The water is frozen or hidden u 84 .
(5)The volunteer will receive at least eight years’ training b 87 they leave Earth.
句间关系（递进、转折、因果、让步等）
(1) But Mars One says the project is not looking for volunteers with some skill, such as a science degree.
I 85 , they are looking for people who have “a deep sense of purpose and responsibility”.
知识收获
首字母考查词性
解题思路、方法
重在句意理解、上下文分析
注意事项
二、方法总结
1. 通读全文, 通读是为了知道这篇文章讲什么，了解大意后才能做题。首填选篇第一句一般不设空，并且一般会给出主题，所以一定要细读首句。跳过空格与生词，要快速阅读。
2. 词性判定，逻辑关系,逻辑关系是全文的脉络，也是理解文章最重要和最容易成为障碍的地方。阅读时养成随手圈划逻辑关系词的习惯，是提高理解文章能力的很好方法
3. 联系上下文,有不少提示答案的关键信息，就出现在前后句甚至同句中。
4. 固定搭配、常识理解
5. 复查：
名词检查单复数
动词检查时态、语态、主谓一致等
形容词、副词检查形式、级别
连词检查逻辑关系
代词检查人称、数、格
介词检查句意、固定搭配和习惯用法
三、技巧提炼
通读全文，了解大意
2. 判断空格填何种词性，是名词，是动词，是形容词，还是副词等。
3. 根据上下文、句意填出适当的词；判断词的形式。
（名词的单复数，动词的形式、时态语态，形容词、副词的形式、级别等）
4. 复读全文，全面检查：根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌
（2022上·上海虹口·八年级上外附中校考期末）For many residents of northern China, air q 1 is one of the top concerns when winter approaches. On Nov 23, haze shrouded Shijiazhuang, Hebei. Local authorities issued an orange alert for heavy air pollution. Ifs not the first time the province has issued alerts this year.
According to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, burning coal for heat is the major reason for high levels of PM2.5—fine particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter—in winter, which is about twice that of other seasons. Meanwhile, unfavorable weather this year has brought other negative impact. “Higher temperatures and less r 2 since September have increased ozone density (臭氧密度) and made pollutants harder to disappear.” said a spokesman of the ministry.
To stop pollution from getting worse, an action plan has been released. The goal is to reduce PM2.5 density in major cities this winter. This year’s plan sets higher goals than p 3 years. The average density of PM2.5 in Beijing—Tianjin—Hebei region should drop by 4 percent this winter until March 31,2022, China Daily reported. Last year5s goal was 3 percent. Also, the number of days with s 4 pollution should fall by 6 percent.
China has worked to improve the environment. Solid efforts have been made in fighting pollution. Taking Beijing as an example, the average concentration (浓度)of PM2.5 dropped to 23 micrograms per cubic meter in Beijing in August. Beijing’s campaign against air pollution has also been listed as a study case to offer experience to cities in d 5 countries. Lessons shared from China’s experiences are “worth considering” in India, whose capital, New Delhi, has suffered from extreme air pollution recently.
（2022上·上海徐汇·八年级统考期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。）
We are so familiar with the BMW car. It is a famous car. Now I do not say about the car, but about the BMW people. In many Western countries, the subway is called the “Metro”. Many people go to work by taking a bus to the nearest Metro station. After they get o 6 the Metro, they walk a few blocks before arriving at their final destination. Now you know actually the BMW is saying about a kind of people who go to the office by bus, by Metro and by walk. Those who go to work by BMW are called BMW people.
The B can also stand for the bike b 7 some people always go to the office by bike. It is very usual for you to see many people crowded in the bus station and the Metro station, especially in the big cities l 8 Shanghai. I hate to be in a place full of people and w 9 a lot of time waiting there, so I usually choose to go to the office by bike. It is very convenient for me and I have found that there are really many people who are s 10 to me.
Are you one of the BMWs To be a m 11 of the BMWs, I often enjoy the way to the office, and enjoy seeing different people on the way. Also, I think I can enjoy the scenery when I ride the bike. The life is so beautiful, and we can do many other things that can make our life beautiful and enjoyable. So do not lose the confidence about life, enjoy your life, and especially go ahead for your dream and stick to it no matter you are a BMW or not.
（2022上·上海浦东新·八年级上海民办华二浦东实验学校校考期末）
A Nation of Poetry
Iceland, it seems, is full of hidden poets. When they’re not at their jobs, many of the island’s 340,000 citizens try their hand at writing p 12 . Even David Oddsson, who used to be the country’s prime minister, is a well-known poet.
There are a 13 businesspeople, zookeepers and scientists, among others, who share a love for poems. Kari Stefansson is a world-famous biologist. He talked about a poem he wrote a few months after the birth of Dolly the cloned（克隆的）sheep. “I f 14 a little bit sad,” said Stefansson. “One of my ways to deal with that is to write a small poem.” He went on to recite the poem: “Where do I find, lost in the brightness of a sunny day, / The happiness of an unhappy man; / Fortunate only to be one copy of himself. / Everything else is terrible.”
Literature professors in Iceland agree that poetry has b 15 a national pastime. It’s part of being an Icelander. In earlier times, writing poems was a key part of social gatherings. National competitions were regularly h 16 .
Icelanders are also great poetry readers. Books of poetry are very popular in Iceland. Far more poetry books are published in the country than o 17 types of books.
It is believed that the cold weather and long winter nights may have something to do with Icelanders’ love of poetry. “It’s easy to get bored in Iceland. People often try to amuse each other,” said Sveinn Egilsson, a literature professor. “And one of those recreational（娱乐）a 18 is reading poetry and writing poems.”
（2022上·上海普陀·八年级校联考期末）An old couple went into a restaurant and o 19 something to eat: one Coca Cola and one portion (份) of French fries. The old man sat down and the woman, his w 20 , sat opposite him, and he began to divide the Coca Cola into two glasses, half for him and half for his wife. He divided all the French fries half-and-half. He gave half to his wife and k 21 half for himself. Then he began to eat and drink and the woman just drank but didn’t eat.
There was a young man who was standing next to the table and wondering w 22 the old man had divided everything in half, and he thought that m 23 they didn’t have any money. He said to the old couple, “Okay, I can buy you one m 24 portion; you don’t have to share like that.”
So the old man explained, “No, no, no, we have been married for forty years and we always share everything. Whatever we have, we share half and half. Don’t worry, but thank you, anyway.”
But then after a while, he saw that the woman wasn’t eating, and only the man ate, and he asked, “Why aren’t you eating ” And the woman said, “Today it’s his turn to use the teeth.”
（2022上·上海金山·八年级校联考期末）Have you ever thought about where people came from Most scientists think that people evolved (进化) from great apes (类人猿). This is c 25 the theory of evolution (进化论).
Charles Darwin, a 19th—century British scientist, came up with the theory.
He saw that people and great apes are l 26 each other. So he decided that they must have evolved from the same animal.
According to National Geographic, an American magazine, about five to eight million years ago humans and apes became d 27 .
This happened when some apes came down from the trees to look for food on the ground. Later, they started standing up on two legs. And after a long time, they started using tools to eat. Around one million years ago these apes became w 28 we now know as humans.
The theory is probably true as great apes and humans have nearly the same DNA．And fossils (化石) have been found showing the links b 29 apes and people.
（2022上·上海奉贤·八年级统考期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Many years ago, when I worked as a volunteer at Stanford Hospital, I got to know a little girl whose name was Liz. She had a s 30 disease. Her only chance of getting well depended on blood transfusion (输血). Her brother was only 5 years old. He had the same disease. It was a miracle (奇迹) that he lived through the illness.
The doctor explained the situation to the little boy. Then he asked the boy if he would like to g 31 blood to his sister. I saw him think about it for only several seconds before taking a deep breath and saying, “Yes, I’ll do it if it will save Liz.”
During the blood transfusion, he lay in bed b 32 his sister and smiled. With the help of her brother’s blood, the colour returned to Liz’s white cheeks (面颊). However, the boy’s face became pale because he had l 33 blood. He looked up at the doctor and asked in a shaky voice, “Will I start to die right away ”
Because he was young, he had misunderstood the doctor. He thought that he had to give up his l 34 to save his sister. What a mistake! What a great boy!
（2023上·上海浦东新·八年级统考校考）Do you know something about rings(年轮) Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like, sometimes even hundreds of years ago
A tree will g 35 well in a climate (气候) with lots of sunshine and rainfall. And little sunshine or rainfall will limit the growth of a tree. We can see the c 36 of climate by studying the tree rings. For example, we can find out the weather ten years ago, and we can count the rings of a tree from the o 37 to the inside. If the tenth ring is far away from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year. If it is n 38 the eleventh ring, then the climate that year was bad.
Tree rings are i 39 not only for studying the weather but also for studying the habit of men. Many centuries ago there lived a lot of people at a place in New Mexico. But now you can find only sand there—no trees and no people. What happened
A scientist studied the rings of dead trees there. He found that the people had to leave b 40 they had cut down all the trees to make fires and buildings. As all the trees had gone, the people there had to move.
（2022上·上海徐汇·八年级上海市徐汇中学校考期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
December 24, Sunday
It’s Sunday afternoon, and I’m in a café in the Harajuku in Tokyo. Harajuku is a popular meeting place for cosplayers, and people wear special or even s 41 costumes (戏服) there. As I’m typing these words, two young women walk by. They’re wearing black clothes. They have long blue hair and white face. People stop and s 42 at them because they are so different. Welcome to the world of cosplay.
Cosplay (From the English words “costume” and “play”) is all about fashion and f 43 . Here in Japan, teenagers and people in their early twenties dress up as their favorite video-game character. These days, many cosplayers a 44 dress like characters from a movie or like their favorite musicians.
Cosplayers often meet to share their costumes and take photos. S 45 they gather in certain areas of a city (like Harajuku) or at special parties. For many cosplayers, cosplay is more than a h 46 . “I spend a lot of time and money on my costume,” says cosplayer Keiko Yoshida. “I’m an ordinary person. But when I put on my costume, I’m not m 47 any more. I’m someone interesting and special.”
（2023上·上海浦东新·八年级上海市实验学校校考校考）Working Out through Online Videos
Physical exercise is good for our mind, body and spirit. Today, working out through online videos is becoming very p 48 . Since the Internet is widely used, it’s very easy for us to do so. That means we can work out anytime anywhere.
One of my friends, Lin Fei, followed short workout videos to do daily exercise. “With live programs, I feel like working out with my friends, which e 49 me to hold on to the last minute,” she said. Another friend of mine, Michael, told me that workout videos let him feel so comfortable. “I have a fear of working out at the gym (健身房), because I don’t like being watched by others. Working out at home makes working out much more enjoyable,” he said.
With their examples, I d 50 to give it a try. When I told my plan to my elder sister, a P.E. teacher, she reminded me that workout videos could be helpful but might still carry some p 51 .
“You will be less willing (愿意的) to work out to your best w 52 being with someone in person. Working out at the gym allows you to have advice in real time and get pushed harder,” my sister said to me. “Well, if you really want to have a try, first, choose proper programs or videos. That’s very important. And then ask your friends for advice. Their experiences can give you a good sight into what you can expect. H 53 , don’t be addicted (沉迷的) to it. You should try different ways to work out to be healthy.”
At her suggestions, I finally followed an online workout program with personalized help that is held for three months. After the first period of training, I felt it very practical and helpful when I put in the right amount (量) of work along with a strong pared with going to the gym, using online videos to work out is a much cheaper and time-saving c 54 . But it can be difficult sometimes when I’m too lazy or too busy to stick to it.
（2023上·上海徐汇·八年级位育中学校考校考）Not everyone has a chance to be a detective, but I got one when I was thirteen years old. It happened in 2008.
One afternoon, I was walking down the street when I saw my father’s new car. I e 55 to see my father in the driver’s seat, but to my surprise, I saw a young woman driving i 56 . “She has stolen my father’s car,” I thought. So I quickly stopped a taxi and got in. I said to the driver, “Follow that new car in front,” and I told him why.
The taxi driver had a car phone, s 57 I asked him to call the police. Soon we heard the sound of a police car. The police told the woman to stop the car using a loudspeaker (喇叭). The taxi came to a stop, too. I got out right then and said to the woman, “This is not your car. It’s my father’s car.”
The woman wasn’t w 58 at all, smiled and said, “Oh, you’re Mr Johnson’s younger son, right I’ve seen your p 59 in your father’s office.”
Before I could say another word, the woman explained that she was my father’s new assistant. My father had asked her to take his computer to the shop to have it repaired. He lent her his car. A 60 hearing this, we called my father and he told us what she said was true. The police and the taxi driver laughed. It was both the first and the last time I worked as a detective.
（2023上·上海松江·八年级校考校考）Where has the Time gone is the hottest song that has moved thousands of Chinese. Chinese parents give their children endless love and ask nothing in return. However, sometimes, daughters and sons are too busy growing up and forget that their parents are getting older and older. What should we do Let’s have a look at a l 61 of a father’s.
Dear son,
One day if you see me old and I am not myself, have patience and try to understand me. If I get dirty when eating…, if I cannot dress…, have patience. Remember the hours I spent t 62 it to you.
If, when I speak to you, I say the same things one thousand and one times, do not stop me and l 63 to me. When you were small, I had to read to you one thousand and one times the same story until you got to sleep.
When I do not want to have a shower, neither shame（羞辱） me nor scold（责备） me. Remember when I had to chase you with a thousand excuses I invented, in order that you wanted to bath.
When you see me meet something n 64 , give me the necessary time and don’t laugh at me. I taught you how to do so many things… to eat well, to dress well… to face life.
If I do not want to eat, do not force me. I know well when I need to and when not. When my legs do not allow me to walk, give me your h 65 the same way I did when you gave your first steps.
When sometimes I lose the memory during our conversation, let me have the necessary time to remember. And if I cannot do it, do not become nervous b 66 the most important thing is not my conversation but to be with you and to have you listen to me.
Yours,
Father
（2023上·上海静安·八年级上海市回民中学校考校考）Mr. William was very deaf (耳聋) ，but he did not like people to k 67 this.
One evening he invited some friends to dinner. While they were sitting at the table, one of his friends told a funny story. Everyone laughed and Mr. William laughed a 68 loud as anyone else. Then he said, ‘That was a very funny joke, but I know a f 69 one. Would you like to hear it ’ His friends all said they would. S 70 Mr. William began to tell his story. When it ended, everyone laughed louder than ever. Mr. William smiled happily. He was very g 71 that his story was so funny. But he did not know that his story was the one that his friend had just told. He thought it was his story that had made his friends pleasant.
（2023上·上海浦东新·八年级校联考校考）Few people in China enjoy storms more than Liu Yijing. Other people may close their windows to block out sounds of the storm. Liu, h 72 , jumps excitedly for each and every storm. More than that, he will then drive i 73 the heart of them.
Since 2020, chasing storms has become a part of Liu’s life. The 21-year-old has travelled a 74 30,000 kilometers across China. He takes photos of storms and shares them online.
The young man has become more and more p 75 . He has been invited to give speeches at universities. CCTV has even begun to use his works. Not long ago, one of his photos was chosen as the cover for Advances in Atmospheric Science (《大气科学进展》).
As a storm photographer, Liu is amazing. But there are o 76 things that make him even more special. One day, Liu came across a f 77 . The man told him that a storm had damaged (破坏) the local crops. Liu felt sad. He r 78 that the things he loved could also bring damage.
Liu decided to do something. He started to make short videos about extreme weather (极端天气). Many people are now learning new things about the weather from him. “I hope my work can help people better understand nature,” said the storm chaser.
（2022上·上海黄浦·八年级统考阶段练习）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的单词）
We think of chocolate as something sweet. However, long time ago, people thought of chocolate as something very bitter. For us, chocolate is a candy, but o 79 it was a medicine. Today, chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen, dessert, or just a snack. Sometimes it’s an ingredient in the main course of a meal. Mexicans make a hot chocolate sauce c 80 mole and pour it over chicken. The Mexicans also eat chocolate with spices like chili peppers.
Chocolate is a p 81 of the tropical cacao tree. Cacao beans taste so bitter that even monkeys say “ugh!” and run away. The word chocolate comes from a Mayan: word. The Mayas were an a 82 people who once lived in Mexico. They valued the cacao tree. Some of the Mayas used cacao beans. f 83 money, while others ground them to make a bitter drink.
When the Spaniards came to Mexico in the 16th century, they started drinking cacao, too. Because the drink was strong and bitter, they thought it was a medicine. When the Spaniards took the drink back to Europe, people discovered that sugar removed the bitter t 84 of cacao. Wealthy Spaniards heated the sweet drink and thought that it was good for their health. In the 19th century, an English company made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate. Now people could both drink and eat chocolate. Later, a Swiss company mixed milk and chocolate together. People liked the taste of milk chocolate even better. (248 words)
（2022上·上海闵行·八年级统考期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词， 是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）
Do you know something about rings(年轮) Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like, sometimes even hundreds of years ago
A tree will g 85 well in a climate(气候) with lots of sunshine and rainfall. And little sunshine or rainfall will limit the growth of a tree. We can see the c 86 of climate by studying the tree rings. For example, we can find out the weather ten years ago, and we can count the rings of a tree from the o 87 to the inside. If the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year. If it is n 88 the eleventh ring, then the climate that year was bad.
Tree rings are important not only for studying the weather but also for studying the h 89 of men. Many centuries ago there l 90 a lot of people at a place in New Mexico. But now you can find only sand there - no trees and no people. What happened
A scientist studied the rings of dead trees there. He found that the people had to leave b 91 they had cut down all the trees to make fires and buildings. As all the trees had gone, the people there had to move.
（2022上·上海嘉定·八年级统考期末）Marco Polo
It is difficult to imagine what the world was like in 1254. Europe was living in an age that we call the Medieval Period (中世纪). It was a time of many wars.
It was in that time that Marco Polo was born in Venice, Italy. Life in Venice was d 92 from life in most of Europe. Venice was a city of beautiful buildings and water canals (运河). Many businessmen did business in Venice. Marco Polo’s father and uncle were businessmen. They had traveled to a far-off country called Cathay. (Cathay is now called China.) There they had friends with the great ruler, Kublai Khan(忽必烈). He i 93 them to return to Cathay.
When Marco Polo was seventeen years old, he began a journey to China with his father and uncle. They sailed the Indian Ocean and crossed the desert and mountains of Asia on camels. The journey to China took three years.
Kublai Khan greeted the Polos and sent them lots of gifts. He was especially impressed (留下印象) with Marco, who could speak four l 94 including Chinese and others.
Khan sent Marco on many trips a 95 China. On these trips, Marco saw many amazing things that he had never seen in Europe, such as coal used as fuel, paper money i 96 of coins, and papermaking and printing processes. Marco made many notes about life in China.
After almost twenty years in China, the Polos began their journey home to Italy. Kublai Khan gave them many gifts of ivory, silk, jewels, and jade.
When they returned to Venice, they found their city at war. Marco Polo was put in prison. He spent his time w 97 a book about his years in China. The book is called Descriptions of the World. It became the most p 98 book in Europe. Because of the book, many people in Europe learned about life in China.
（2023上·上海奉贤·八年级统考校考）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）：
Strength of laboring（劳动）
The farming TV program Believe in the Land (《种地吧》) has been winning the hearts of its young audience (观众). It has received over 30 thousand comments(评论) on Douban and has got 8.9 points out of 10. In the show, 10 young people get t 99 as a team. They work hard for 190 days on a 9.5-hectare farm to grow 25,000 kilograms of crops.
This is China’s f 100 farming-themed(种地主题的) show. It’s a new experiment for Chinese variety shows（综艺节目）. Before this, the British farming show Clarkson’s Farm was popular among Chinese audiences. Clarkson, a rich man with no farming experience, ran his farm with funny and changing ideas. It made people l 101 and showed the challenges of farming. Believe in the Land shares s 102 similar by showing the farming experiences of 10 young people.
Some other “slow TV programs” also show famous s 103 living in the countryside. But Believe in the Land stands out as it shows not only the beauty of country life, but also the hard work behind it.
The young people started from scratch (从零开始) to make their own tools and furniture. They lived in a small, old house near the fields, wore dirty clothes in the mud and worked from sunrise to sunset.
“A 104 the young people didn’t do it perfectly, their experience of working in the muddy fields and unloading(卸下) tons of fertilizer (肥料) is moving,” wrote an internet user on Douban. “Watching their hard work m 105 me understand the saying ‘No pains, no gains’ more than ever,” another audience wrote on Sina Weibo.
（2022上·上海徐汇·八年级统考阶段练习）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
For most kids, the best thing about going to fast-food restaurants might not be the food, but the toys. Looking at them in the display cases just makes you wish you could have all of them in one go. But of course, even one would be enough to make you happy.
Filipino graphic artist (菲律宾平面设计师) Percival Lugue has, however, taken this love to another level. S 106 he was five, he has had a passion for collecting toys from fast-food restaurants like McDonald’s and Burger King. Now, the 50-year-old has about 20,000 toys packed from floor to ceiling in his home!
Lugue’s collection is so impressive that it even got a mention in the Guinness World Records in 2014. At the time, he had managed to collect o 107 10,000 items. “The toy is like a storyteller in itself” he e 108 his hobby. “For example, it gives me a glimpse of that particular period of my life when I first got it and it is a reminder of what was going on.”
Even as a kid, Lugue treated his toys well. U 109 the other naughty and careless kids, he would take good care of them and put them on display.
While most of his toys were gained through personal purchases, some were given away by his friends and family. “I would invite my friends to have lunch at McDonald’s. And with their friendly assistance, I would be able to complete the w 110 set” Lugue said.
His dream now is to open a museum for his toy collection one day. Lugue hopes to give others a c 111 to revisit memories. But he also warns that we should eat less fast food because health should always come first in our lives.
（2022上·上海杨浦·八年级统考期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Anger is a common and healthy human feeling. But when it gets out of control, it can cause problems: problems at work, in your personal relationships and in your family life. E 112 gets angry sometimes. Although being angry is natural, what you do when you feel angry is important. This is difficult for kids and even for adults, too.
These ideas may be u 113 to solve the problem which is troubling you. First, exercise can be good for people who are trying not to lose their tempers (脾气) because it’s a way of releasing (释放) energy and stress. For example, you will feel good to dance around your room w 114 your favorite music! Second, get into the habit of s 115 how you’re feeling and why. If you’re having trouble with your temper, talk with your parents or friends and tell them what you’re trying to do. Words help you s 116 your feelings and receive understanding from others. Third, breathe deeply and repeat a calm word or phrase slowly, such as ‘relax’ or ‘take it easy’ to yourself while breathing. Besides, you’d better think of people and things you are thankful for because you c 117 be angry and thankful at the same time.
Being angry is never a reason for giving up your work or influencing (影响) the people around you. Remember: life will always be filled with pain, frustration and some other unexpected trouble. You can’t change that, but you can change your way to face that. Learning to control your angry responses can help you stay a 118 from being even unhappier.
（2022上·上海浦东新·八年级校考期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。）
Physical exercise is very important. It makes you feel l 119 stressed. Exercise strengthens organs such as the lung and the heart and helps a person to keep the right body weight. Sports scientists Dr. Helen Lopez o 120 the following advice to teenager, “First, you need to work out your level of fitness. Then you can design a p 121 that will help you become healthier.”
It is suggested that there be t 122 levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. “Overweight” means that the person gets very little exercise and very often has a serious weight problem. “Inactive” means that the person does not take part in many physical activities, but it is not s 123 overweight. “Active” refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities but do not have a high fitness level.
According to Dr. Lopez, overweight teenagers should keep active. “Ride a bike, play volleyball or basketball for a while and go for a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories.”
Inactive teenagers should do s 124 activities, but add some bending and stretching exercises, such as push-ups and sit-ups, starting with twenty of each a day. “Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people b 125 their bodies are stronger.”
The same activities are also suitable to active teenagers. Dr. Lopez recommends one hour a week or more on running and other forms of exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题04 首字母填空技巧及进阶练（最新名校期末）20篇
·模块一 首字母填空技巧
·模块二 首字母填空（最新名校期末）进阶练20篇
Ⅰ. 专题知识梳理
首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和连词、代词、介词这几大词类。
能力考察
词汇量与具体运用能力（基础）
句子结构分析能力（确定词性和词形）
语义、语境分析能力（确定词义）
逻辑推断能力（确定词义）
前后文关键信息提取能力（更为准确确定词义）
解题思路
词性的判断（句法结构、词性的句法功能）
词义的判断（句意理解）
脑海中搜索符合相关条件的考纲词汇
复查（名词单复数、动词时态三单、形容词副词形式级别、固定搭配与文意等）
Ⅱ. 专题精讲
Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
【案例分析1】
A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how they spent their spare time. Here they report the r 81 of the survey. It’s not at all surprising to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities.
P 82 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.
Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed said that music was their favourite activity. This i 83 both listening to and playing music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a book or magazine.
Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.
V 85 friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 86 popular way of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said they spoke to friends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.
Keys: 81. result(s) 82. Physical 83. included 84. various 85. Visiting 86. Another 87. seldom
名词 动词 形容词 副词 代词
1 2 2 1 1
【解析】
前后文呼应、理解
(1) P 82 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.
【答案】 Physical
【精讲】本空首先判定为副词，接着根据后文提及的Favourite sports可知
（2）They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.
【答案】various
【精讲】本空首先初步判定为形容词，虽也有可能填动词分词形式，形容词概率大些，再根据后文的from.......to.....可知
(3)V____85______ friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week.
【答案】visiting
【精讲】根据后文的met friends知道填拜访访问朋友，注意动词放开头做主语要用动名词形式
Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 86 popular way of contacting friends was the telephone.
【答案】Another
【精讲】首先本空判定为形容词或者具有形容词性的代词，再根据前文的through the Internet 以及后文的the telephone知表示另外一种方式。
句间关系（递进、转折、因果、让步等）
(1) Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.
【答案】seldom
【精讲】根据surprisingly以及only，前后句成递进关系，进一步解释说明青少年很少去跳舞。
【案例分析2】华二开学摸底卷
It’s a great but difficult project to set up a permanent human settlement on Mars. Over 200,000 volunteers from more than 120 countries have applied to take a one-way trip to Mars.
The project, run by a Dutch company named Mars One, aims to send a group of volunteers to Mars, and because of the physiological(生理上的) change in the human body after a stay on Mars, there’d be no chance of c 81 back. So it’s only a one-way trip ! However, that hasn’t stop volunteers becoming one of Mars’ first citizens. “This is turning out to be the most welcome job in history.” Says Bas Lansdorp, co-founder of Mars One.
Day-to-day life on Mars will be not easy. The daily work will i 82 building greenhouses or doing some research---all in a lonely environment.
Mars is not f 83 to life. Its atmosphere is so thin that it won’t project you from harmful radiation(辐射) from the sun. You can’t breathe the air and it is very cold on Mars, with an average temperature of around -50℃.There is no running water on the surface of Mars. The water is frozen or hidden u 84 .
But Mars One says the project is not looking for volunteers with some skill, such as a science degree.
I 85 , they are looking for people who have “a deep sense of purpose and responsibility”. As the first group of people living on Mars, volunteers should be “willing to building and keep a healthy r 86 with the Earth”. They also want volunteers who are “curious, creative, and good at finding ways of dealing with all kinds of problems”.
The volunteer will receive at least eight years’ training b 87 they leave Earth, the company says. The first group of 24 volunteers is set to fly to Mars in 2004.
Keys:
81.coming 82.include/involve 83.friendly 84.underground 85. Instead 86.relationship 87.before
名词 动词 形容词 副词 连词
2 2 1 1 1
【解析】
前后文呼应、理解
(1) there’d be no chance of c 81 back. So it’s only a one-way trip !
【答案】coming
【精讲】判定此空的词性为动词，且前面是of所以填动词的ing形式，根据后文的a one-way trip可知
The daily work will i 82 building greenhouses or doing some research---all in a lonely environment.
【答案】involve/include
【精讲】判定空格为及物动词的原形，，再根据后文的building greenhouses or doing some research
(3) Mars is not f 83 to life. Its atmosphere is so thin that it won’t project you from harmful radiation(辐射) from the sun.
【答案】friendly
【精讲】判定空格词性为形容词，再根据后文所提及的 Its atmosphere is so thin that it won’t project you......知道火星不适合人类
There is no running water on the surface of Mars. The water is frozen or hidden u 84 .
【答案】underground
【精讲】根据前文的no running water on the surface 可知表示地底下
(5)The volunteer will receive at least eight years’ training b 87 they leave Earth.
【答案】before
【精讲】首先判定本空词性为连词，根据意思知道是在离开地球之前接受培训的。
句间关系（递进、转折、因果、让步等）
(1) But Mars One says the project is not looking for volunteers with some skill, such as a science degree.
I 85 , they are looking for people who have “a deep sense of purpose and responsibility”.
【答案】Instead
【精讲】判定空格为副词，再根据前面的转折but以及 is not looking for ........are looking for.
Ⅲ. 学法提炼
知识收获
首字母考查词性
解题思路、方法
重在句意理解、上下文分析
注意事项
二、方法总结
1. 通读全文, 通读是为了知道这篇文章讲什么，了解大意后才能做题。首填选篇第一句一般不设空，并且一般会给出主题，所以一定要细读首句。跳过空格与生词，要快速阅读。
2. 词性判定，逻辑关系,逻辑关系是全文的脉络，也是理解文章最重要和最容易成为障碍的地方。阅读时养成随手圈划逻辑关系词的习惯，是提高理解文章能力的很好方法
3. 联系上下文,有不少提示答案的关键信息，就出现在前后句甚至同句中。
4. 固定搭配、常识理解
5. 复查：
名词检查单复数
动词检查时态、语态、主谓一致等
形容词、副词检查形式、级别
连词检查逻辑关系
代词检查人称、数、格
介词检查句意、固定搭配和习惯用法
三、技巧提炼
通读全文，了解大意
2. 判断空格填何种词性，是名词，是动词，是形容词，还是副词等。
3. 根据上下文、句意填出适当的词；判断词的形式。
（名词的单复数，动词的形式、时态语态，形容词、副词的形式、级别等）
4. 复读全文，全面检查：根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌
（2022上·上海虹口·八年级上外附中校考期末）For many residents of northern China, air q 1 is one of the top concerns when winter approaches. On Nov 23, haze shrouded Shijiazhuang, Hebei. Local authorities issued an orange alert for heavy air pollution. Ifs not the first time the province has issued alerts this year.
According to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, burning coal for heat is the major reason for high levels of PM2.5—fine particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter—in winter, which is about twice that of other seasons. Meanwhile, unfavorable weather this year has brought other negative impact. “Higher temperatures and less r 2 since September have increased ozone density (臭氧密度) and made pollutants harder to disappear.” said a spokesman of the ministry.
To stop pollution from getting worse, an action plan has been released. The goal is to reduce PM2.5 density in major cities this winter. This year’s plan sets higher goals than p 3 years. The average density of PM2.5 in Beijing—Tianjin—Hebei region should drop by 4 percent this winter until March 31,2022, China Daily reported. Last year5s goal was 3 percent. Also, the number of days with s 4 pollution should fall by 6 percent.
China has worked to improve the environment. Solid efforts have been made in fighting pollution. Taking Beijing as an example, the average concentration (浓度)of PM2.5 dropped to 23 micrograms per cubic meter in Beijing in August. Beijing’s campaign against air pollution has also been listed as a study case to offer experience to cities in d 5 countries. Lessons shared from China’s experiences are “worth considering” in India, whose capital, New Delhi, has suffered from extreme air pollution recently.
【答案】1．(q)uality 2．(r)ainfall 3．(p)revious 4．(s)erious 5．(d)ifferent
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国为治理空气污染所做出的努力。
1．句意：对于许多华北居民来说，空气质量是冬季来临时最关心的问题之一。根据“On Nov 23, haze shrouded Shijiazhuang, Hebei”和首字母提示可知，雾霾影响的是空气质量，quality“质量”，名词，故填(q)uality。
2．句意：9月份以来的高温和降雨量减少增加了臭氧密度，使污染物更难消失。根据“since September have increased ozone density (臭氧 密度) and made pollutants harder to disappear”和首字母提示可知，进入九月份，温度升高，降雨减少，rainfall“降雨量”，名词。故填(r)ainfall。
3．句意：今年的计划设定了比往年更高的目标。根据“The average density of PM2.5 in Beijing—Tianjin—Hebei region should drop by 4 percent this winter until March 31,2022, China Daily reported. Last year5s goal was 3 percent.”和首字母提示可知，今年的目标比往年的更高，空处填写形容词previous“先前的”，故填(p)revious。
4．句意：此外，严重污染天数应减少6%。根据“the number of days with…pollution should fall by 6 percent”可知，空处应该填写形容词修饰名词pollution，serious“严重的”，形容词，故填(s)erious。
5．句意：北京治理空气污染的行动也被列为研究案例，为不同国家的城市提供经验。根据“Lessons shared from China’s experiences are “worth considering” in India, whose capital, New Delhi, has suffered from extreme air pollution recently.”和首字母提示可知，举出印度的例子说明，中国的案例为不同的国家提供了经验，空处填写形容词different“不同的”修饰名词countries，故填(d)ifferent。
（2022上·上海徐汇·八年级统考期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。）
We are so familiar with the BMW car. It is a famous car. Now I do not say about the car, but about the BMW people. In many Western countries, the subway is called the “Metro”. Many people go to work by taking a bus to the nearest Metro station. After they get o 6 the Metro, they walk a few blocks before arriving at their final destination. Now you know actually the BMW is saying about a kind of people who go to the office by bus, by Metro and by walk. Those who go to work by BMW are called BMW people.
The B can also stand for the bike b 7 some people always go to the office by bike. It is very usual for you to see many people crowded in the bus station and the Metro station, especially in the big cities l 8 Shanghai. I hate to be in a place full of people and w 9 a lot of time waiting there, so I usually choose to go to the office by bike. It is very convenient for me and I have found that there are really many people who are s 10 to me.
Are you one of the BMWs To be a m 11 of the BMWs, I often enjoy the way to the office, and enjoy seeing different people on the way. Also, I think I can enjoy the scenery when I ride the bike. The life is so beautiful, and we can do many other things that can make our life beautiful and enjoyable. So do not lose the confidence about life, enjoy your life, and especially go ahead for your dream and stick to it no matter you are a BMW or not.
【答案】6．(o)ff 7．(b)ecause 8．(l)ike 9．(w)aste 10．(s)imilar 11．(m)ember
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一类BMW的人群，即上班路上要坐公交车、转地铁，下地铁还要走路，或者直接骑自行车的人。通过阐述作者本人作为BMW的一员，感受到的BMW给他带来的好处，鼓励人们积极向上地生活。
6．句意：下了地铁后，他们要走几个街区才能到达最终目的地。根据“Many people go to work by taking a bus to the nearest Metro station”和“they walk a few blocks before arriving at their final destination”可知，是下地铁后，还要走几个街区才能到达最终目的地，根据“get”可知，get off“从……下来”。故填(o)ff。
7．句意：B也可以代表自行车，因为有些人总是骑自行车去上班。根据“The B can also stand for the bike”和“some people always go to the office by bike”可知，空格前后句为因果关系，前面为结果，后面为原因，结合所给首字母b可知，此处应填because“因为”。故填(b)ecause。
8．句意：你经常会看到很多人挤在公交车站和地铁站，尤其是在像上海这样的大城市。根据“especially in the big cities”和“Shanghai”可知，此处为举例，结合所给首字母l可知，此处应填like“例如”。故填(l)ike。
9．句意：我讨厌在人多的地方，浪费很多时间在那里等，所以我通常选择骑自行车去上班。根据“I hate to be in a place full of people”和“a lot of time waiting there, so I usually choose to go to the office by bike”并结合所给首字母可知，此处指浪费时间，“浪费”waste，根据“I hate to be”和“and”可知，此处waste和be为并列结构，故应用动词原形。故填(w)aste。
10．句意：这对我来说很方便，我发现和我相似的人真的很多。结合语境和“there are really many people who are”以及“to me”可知，此处指和我相似的人很多，be similar to“与……相似”。故填(s)imilar。
11．句意：作为BMW中的一员，我经常享受上班路上的景象，也喜欢在路上看到不同的人。根据“Are you one of the BMWs”以及所给首字母m可知，此处表示作为BMW中的一员，member“成员”，根据“a”可知，空格处应用其单数形式member。故填(m)ember。
（2022上·上海浦东新·八年级上海民办华二浦东实验学校校考期末）
A Nation of Poetry
Iceland, it seems, is full of hidden poets. When they’re not at their jobs, many of the island’s 340,000 citizens try their hand at writing p 12 . Even David Oddsson, who used to be the country’s prime minister, is a well-known poet.
There are a 13 businesspeople, zookeepers and scientists, among others, who share a love for poems. Kari Stefansson is a world-famous biologist. He talked about a poem he wrote a few months after the birth of Dolly the cloned（克隆的）sheep. “I f 14 a little bit sad,” said Stefansson. “One of my ways to deal with that is to write a small poem.” He went on to recite the poem: “Where do I find, lost in the brightness of a sunny day, / The happiness of an unhappy man; / Fortunate only to be one copy of himself. / Everything else is terrible.”
Literature professors in Iceland agree that poetry has b 15 a national pastime. It’s part of being an Icelander. In earlier times, writing poems was a key part of social gatherings. National competitions were regularly h 16 .
Icelanders are also great poetry readers. Books of poetry are very popular in Iceland. Far more poetry books are published in the country than o 17 types of books.
It is believed that the cold weather and long winter nights may have something to do with Icelanders’ love of poetry. “It’s easy to get bored in Iceland. People often try to amuse each other,” said Sveinn Egilsson, a literature professor. “And one of those recreational（娱乐）a 18 is reading poetry and writing poems.”
【答案】12．(p)oems 13．(a)lso 14．(f)elt 15．(b)ecome/(b)een 16．(h)eld 17．(o)ther 18．(a)ctivities
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了诗歌之国——冰岛人们对诗歌的热爱。
12．句意：当他们不在工作岗位时，岛上34万公民中的许多人都会尝试写诗。根据上文“Iceland, it seems, is full of hidden poets.”可知，似乎冰岛上充满了隐藏的诗人，说明人们闲时会尝试写诗。“诗歌”是名词poem，首字母为p，此处应用其复数形式poems。故填(p)oems。
13．句意：在其他人当中，还有商人、动物园管理员和科学家等，他们都热爱诗歌。根据“among others”可知，此处表示“还有”商人、动物园管理员和科学家等，首字母为a，此处应用副词also来表示“还有”。故填(a)lso。
14．句意：“我感到有点难过，”斯特凡森说。根据“a little bit sad”及首字母f，可知此处应是表示“感觉”feel，且句子应用一般过去时，动词feel的过去式为felt。故填(f)elt。
15．句意：冰岛的文学教授们一致认为诗歌已经成为一种全国性的休闲活动。根据“has”可知其后接动词的过去分词构成现在完成时，结合语境可知，此处表示“诗歌已经成为一种全国性的休闲活动。”“已经”可用动词become或be，其首字母为b，其过去分词分别为become或been。故填(b)ecome / (b)een。
16．句意：全国比赛定期举行。根据“were”、主语National competitions及首字母h可知此处应用动词hold“举行”的过去分词held构成一般过去时的被动语态，意为“被举行”。故填(h)eld。
17．句意：该国出版的诗歌书籍远多于其他类型的书籍。根据“than”可知该句是拿诗歌书籍和其他类型的书籍进行比较，由首字母o可知，此处应用other来表示“其他的”。故填(o)ther。
18．句意：那些娱乐活动之一就是读诗和写诗。根据“one of those recreational”后接复数名词。根据上文“It’s easy to get bored in Iceland. People often try to amuse each other”可知，冰岛生活很容易变得无聊，人们经常要自娱自乐，因此读诗和写诗就是这些娱乐活动之一。根据首字母a，“活动”是名词activity，其复数形式为activities。故填(a)ctivities。
（2022上·上海普陀·八年级校联考期末）An old couple went into a restaurant and o 19 something to eat: one Coca Cola and one portion (份) of French fries. The old man sat down and the woman, his w 20 , sat opposite him, and he began to divide the Coca Cola into two glasses, half for him and half for his wife. He divided all the French fries half-and-half. He gave half to his wife and k 21 half for himself. Then he began to eat and drink and the woman just drank but didn’t eat.
There was a young man who was standing next to the table and wondering w 22 the old man had divided everything in half, and he thought that m 23 they didn’t have any money. He said to the old couple, “Okay, I can buy you one m 24 portion; you don’t have to share like that.”
So the old man explained, “No, no, no, we have been married for forty years and we always share everything. Whatever we have, we share half and half. Don’t worry, but thank you, anyway.”
But then after a while, he saw that the woman wasn’t eating, and only the man ate, and he asked, “Why aren’t you eating ” And the woman said, “Today it’s his turn to use the teeth.”
【答案】19．(o)rdered 20．(w)ife 21．(k)ept 22．(w)hy 23．(m)aybe 24．(m)ore
【导语】本文主要讲述了一对老夫妇去餐厅里点餐，任何食物都分成两份一起享用，一个年轻人以为是他们没有钱，但是老夫妇说结婚这么多年一直都是互相分享，最后连牙齿都是一起分享。
19．句意：一对老夫妇走进一家餐馆点了些东西吃。根据“something to eat”及首字母可知，点了些东西吃，order“点餐”，根据went可知，此空应填过去式，故填(o)rdered。
20．句意：老人坐了下来，他的妻子坐在他对面。根据“An old couple”可知，这位老妇人是他的妻子，故填(w)ife。
21．句意：他给了妻子一半，自己留了一半。根据“He gave half to his wife and … half for himself.”及首字母可知，自己保留了一半，keep“保留”，根据gave可知，此空应填动词过去式，故填(k)ept。
22．句意：有一个年轻人站在桌子旁边，想知道老人为什么把所有的东西都分成两半，他想也许他们没有钱。根据“wondering”及“the old man had divided everything in half”可知，想知道为什么把所有的食物都分成两份，故填(w)hy。
23．句意：有一个年轻人站在桌子旁边，想知道老人为什么把所有的东西都分成两半，他想也许他们没有钱。根据“they didn’t have any money”及首字母可知，猜测或许是因为没有钱，此空应填副词maybe表示“或许”，故填(m)aybe。
24．句意：好吧，我可以再给你买一份；你没必要这样分享。基数词+more+名词，表示“再一，又一”，故填(m)ore。
（2022上·上海金山·八年级校联考期末）Have you ever thought about where people came from Most scientists think that people evolved (进化) from great apes (类人猿). This is c 25 the theory of evolution (进化论).
Charles Darwin, a 19th—century British scientist, came up with the theory.
He saw that people and great apes are l 26 each other. So he decided that they must have evolved from the same animal.
According to National Geographic, an American magazine, about five to eight million years ago humans and apes became d 27 .
This happened when some apes came down from the trees to look for food on the ground. Later, they started standing up on two legs. And after a long time, they started using tools to eat. Around one million years ago these apes became w 28 we now know as humans.
The theory is probably true as great apes and humans have nearly the same DNA．And fossils (化石) have been found showing the links b 29 apes and people.
【答案】25．(c)alled 26．(l)ike 27．(d)ifferent 28．(w)hat 29．(b)etween
【导语】本文是说明书。文章主要介绍了达尔文进化论，发现的化石也证明了这一点。
25．句意：这被叫做进化论。根据“This is ...the theory of evolution”和首字母“c”，可知，被叫做进化论，被动语态结构是be+动词的过去分词，call“叫”，动词。故填(c)alled。
26．句意：他看到人类和类人猿彼此相像。根据“ He saw that people and great apes are...each other.”和首字母“l”可知，人类和类人猿彼此很像，are系动词后接like“相像”，介词。故填(l)ike。
27．句意：根据美国自然地理杂志，大约五百万年到八百万年前人类和类人猿变得不同。根据“ According to National Geographic, an American magazine, about five to eight million years ago humans and apes became ...”和首字母“d”可知，大约五百到八百万年前人类和类人猿变得不同了，became“变得”（become的过去式），连系动词后加形容词作表语，different“不同的”，形容词。故填(d)ifferent。
28．句意：大约一百万年前，类人猿成为了我们现在知道的人类的样子。根据“Around one million years ago these apes became...we now know as humans.”和首字母“w”可知，类人猿成了我们现在知道了样子在一百万年以前，“...we now know as humans”为名词性从句，前面需加一个连接词，what“什么”，作表语。故填(w)hat。
29．句意：表明在类人猿和人类之间联系的化石已经被发现了。根据“And fossils have been found showing the links...pes and people.”和首字母“b”可知，发现了类人猿和人类之间联系的化石，between...and...表示“在……和……之间”，固定搭配，between“在……之间”，介词。故填(b)etween。
（2022上·上海奉贤·八年级统考期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Many years ago, when I worked as a volunteer at Stanford Hospital, I got to know a little girl whose name was Liz. She had a s 30 disease. Her only chance of getting well depended on blood transfusion (输血). Her brother was only 5 years old. He had the same disease. It was a miracle (奇迹) that he lived through the illness.
The doctor explained the situation to the little boy. Then he asked the boy if he would like to g 31 blood to his sister. I saw him think about it for only several seconds before taking a deep breath and saying, “Yes, I’ll do it if it will save Liz.”
During the blood transfusion, he lay in bed b 32 his sister and smiled. With the help of her brother’s blood, the colour returned to Liz’s white cheeks (面颊). However, the boy’s face became pale because he had l 33 blood. He looked up at the doctor and asked in a shaky voice, “Will I start to die right away ”
Because he was young, he had misunderstood the doctor. He thought that he had to give up his l 34 to save his sister. What a mistake! What a great boy!
【答案】30．(s)erious 31．(g)ive 32．(b)eside 33．(l)ost 34．(l)ife
【导语】本文讲述的是一名5岁的男孩给他的姐姐输血，他以为医生要输光他所有的血，但他愿意用自己的性命换回自己姐姐的性命。
30．句意：她得了一种严重的疾病。根据后文“Her only chance of getting well depended on blood transfusion (输血). ”可知，女孩病得很严重。serious意为“严重的”；结合首字母可知，此处应填serious。故填(s)erious。
31．句意：然后他问男孩是否愿意给他的姐姐献血。give blood意为“献血”，固定用法。would like to do sth.意为“愿意做某事”，固定用法，所以此空用动词原形。故填(g)ive。
32．句意：输血期间，他躺在姐姐身边的床上，微笑着。根据空前“During the blood transfusion, he lay in bed”以及结合首字母可知，男孩是躺在姐姐身边的床上给姐姐输血。此处是指“在……旁边”；beside意为“在……旁边”。故填(b)eside。
33．句意：然而，男孩的脸因为失血而变得苍白。根据前文可知，小男孩给姐姐献血，所以此处应是指“男孩的脸因为失血而变得苍白”；另外，结合首字母可知，此处是指“失去”；lose意为“失去”符合题意。结合空前的had可知，该句为过去完成时态，所以此处应用动词过去分词形式。lose的过去分词是lost。故填(l)ost。
34．句意：他以为他必须放弃自己的生命才能救他的姐姐。根据前文“Will I start to die right away ”以及结合首字母可知，此处指弟弟以为他需放弃自己的生命才能救姐姐。life意为“生命”符合题意。结合空前的his可知，此处应用名词单数形式。故填(l)ife。
（2023上·上海浦东新·八年级统考校考）Do you know something about rings(年轮) Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like, sometimes even hundreds of years ago
A tree will g 35 well in a climate (气候) with lots of sunshine and rainfall. And little sunshine or rainfall will limit the growth of a tree. We can see the c 36 of climate by studying the tree rings. For example, we can find out the weather ten years ago, and we can count the rings of a tree from the o 37 to the inside. If the tenth ring is far away from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year. If it is n 38 the eleventh ring, then the climate that year was bad.
Tree rings are i 39 not only for studying the weather but also for studying the habit of men. Many centuries ago there lived a lot of people at a place in New Mexico. But now you can find only sand there—no trees and no people. What happened
A scientist studied the rings of dead trees there. He found that the people had to leave b 40 they had cut down all the trees to make fires and buildings. As all the trees had gone, the people there had to move.
【答案】35．(g)row 36．(c)hange 37．(o)utside 38．(n)ear 39．(i)mportant 40．(b)ecause
【导语】本文主要讲述了通过研究树木的年轮，可以知道很久以前的天气。
35．句意：一棵树在阳光充足，雨量充沛的气候下会长得很好。根据“And little sunshine or rainfall will limit the growth of a tree.”和首字母提示可知，此处指树在良好的气候下会长得很好，且will后跟动词原形，grow意为“成长”，故填(g)row。
36．句意：我们可以通过研究树木的年轮来观察气候的变化。根据“For example, we can find out the weather ten years ago, and we can count the rings of a tree from the…to the inside.”和首字母提示可知，下文举例说明通过研究树木的年轮来观察气候的变化，此处用名词，change意为“变化”，故填(c)hange。
37．句意：例如，我们可以找出十年前的天气，我们可以从外面到里面数一棵树的年轮。根据“inside”可知，是指外往里数，outside意为“外面”，故填(o)utside。
38．句意：如果它在十一环附近，那么那一年的气候很糟糕。根据“If the tenth ring is far away from the eleventh ring”可知，此处应填与上文相反的意义，near意为“接近的”，故填(n)ear。
39．句意：树木年轮不仅对研究天气很重要，而且对研究人类的习惯也很重要。根据“Tree rings are…not only for studying the weather but also for studying the habit of men.”可知，此处应填形容词作表语，表示年轮不仅对研究天气很重要，important意为“重要的”，故填(i)mportant。
40．句意：他发现人们不得不离开，因为他们砍伐了所有的树木来生火和建造建筑物。根据“As all the trees had gone, the people there had to move.”可知，因为人们把树砍完了，就不得不离开了，because意为“因为”，故填(b)ecause。
（2022上·上海徐汇·八年级上海市徐汇中学校考期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
December 24, Sunday
It’s Sunday afternoon, and I’m in a café in the Harajuku in Tokyo. Harajuku is a popular meeting place for cosplayers, and people wear special or even s 41 costumes (戏服) there. As I’m typing these words, two young women walk by. They’re wearing black clothes. They have long blue hair and white face. People stop and s 42 at them because they are so different. Welcome to the world of cosplay.
Cosplay (From the English words “costume” and “play”) is all about fashion and f 43 . Here in Japan, teenagers and people in their early twenties dress up as their favorite video-game character. These days, many cosplayers a 44 dress like characters from a movie or like their favorite musicians.
Cosplayers often meet to share their costumes and take photos. S 45 they gather in certain areas of a city (like Harajuku) or at special parties. For many cosplayers, cosplay is more than a h 46 . “I spend a lot of time and money on my costume,” says cosplayer Keiko Yoshida. “I’m an ordinary person. But when I put on my costume, I’m not m 47 any more. I’m someone interesting and special.”
【答案】41．(s)trange 42．(s)tare 43．(f)un 44．(a)lso 45．(S)ometimes 46．(h)obby 47．(m)yself
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Cosplay文化。
41．句意：原宿是一个角色扮演者聚集的受欢迎的地方，并且人们穿特别的或者甚至是奇怪的戏服。分析句子结构及语境可知，空处应和前面的special对应；再根据“…for cosplayers”及首字母提示可知，空处应填“奇怪的”对应的英文“strange”，故填(s)trange。
42．句意：人们停下来并且盯着她们看，因为她们是如此不同。分析句子结构可知，空处应是和stop并列的谓语动词原形；再根据“because they are so different”及首字母提示可知，空处应是：盯着看，“盯着看stare at”，固定用法，故填(s)tare。
43．句意：角色扮演（源自英语单词“costume”和“play”）是关于时尚和乐趣的。根据下文内容“他们装扮成他们最喜欢的游戏角色、电影中的角色或他们最喜欢的音乐家”及首字母提示可知，角色扮演是关于时尚和乐趣的，所以空处应是“乐趣”对应的英文“fun”，故填(f)un。
44．句意：现在，许多角色扮演者也装扮成电影中的角色或他们最喜欢的音乐家。根据上文“装扮成他们喜欢的游戏角色”可知，下文也可以装扮成电影中的角色或他们最喜欢的音乐家；再结合首字母提示可知，空处应是“也”对应的英文“also”，故填(a)lso。
45．句意：有时，他们聚集在一个城市的某些地方（像原宿）或在特殊的聚会上。根据上句中的“often经常”及首字母提示可知，该句中聚集的地方应该是：有时候会在这些地方相聚。故填(S)ometimes。
46．句意：对很多角色扮演者来说，角色扮演不仅仅是一种爱好。根据“I spend a lot of time and money on my costume”及首字母提示可知，此时角色扮演就不仅仅是一种爱好了，所以空处应是“爱好”对应的英文“hobby”，故填(h)obby。
47．句意：我不再是我自己。根据下文“I’m someone interesting and special.”可知，cosplay的我跟之前普通的我不一样；再结合首字母提示可知，此处表达的应是：我不再是我自己了，所以空处应是“我自己”对应的英文“myself”，故填 (m)yself。
（2023上·上海浦东新·八年级上海市实验学校校考校考）Working Out through Online Videos
Physical exercise is good for our mind, body and spirit. Today, working out through online videos is becoming very p 48 . Since the Internet is widely used, it’s very easy for us to do so. That means we can work out anytime anywhere.
One of my friends, Lin Fei, followed short workout videos to do daily exercise. “With live programs, I feel like working out with my friends, which e 49 me to hold on to the last minute,” she said. Another friend of mine, Michael, told me that workout videos let him feel so comfortable. “I have a fear of working out at the gym (健身房), because I don’t like being watched by others. Working out at home makes working out much more enjoyable,” he said.
With their examples, I d 50 to give it a try. When I told my plan to my elder sister, a P.E. teacher, she reminded me that workout videos could be helpful but might still carry some p 51 .
“You will be less willing (愿意的) to work out to your best w 52 being with someone in person. Working out at the gym allows you to have advice in real time and get pushed harder,” my sister said to me. “Well, if you really want to have a try, first, choose proper programs or videos. That’s very important. And then ask your friends for advice. Their experiences can give you a good sight into what you can expect. H 53 , don’t be addicted (沉迷的) to it. You should try different ways to work out to be healthy.”
At her suggestions, I finally followed an online workout program with personalized help that is held for three months. After the first period of training, I felt it very practical and helpful when I put in the right amount (量) of work along with a strong pared with going to the gym, using online videos to work out is a much cheaper and time-saving c 54 . But it can be difficult sometimes when I’m too lazy or too busy to stick to it.
【答案】48．(p)opular 49．(e)ncourages 50．(d)ecided 51．(p)roblems 52．(w)ithout 53．(H)owever 54．(c)hoice
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在朋友的鼓励下跟着视频进行锻炼，这是方便又节省时间的选择。
48．句意：如今，通过在线视频锻炼变得非常流行。根据“working out through online videos is becoming”及首字母可知，此处是在线视频锻炼变得非常流行，popular意为“流行的”。故填(p)opular。
49．句意：有了直播节目，我想和朋友们一起锻炼，这鼓励我坚持到最后一分钟。根据“which...me to hold on to the last minute,”及首字母可知，此处是鼓励我坚持到最后一分钟，encourage意为“鼓励”，encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，此处是直接引语，结合语境，用一般现在时，主语是which，因此谓语用三单形式。故填(e)ncourages。
50．句意：有了他们的例子，我决定试一试。根据“to give it a try”及首字母可知，此处是decide to do sth.“决定做某事”结合下文“When I told my plan to my elder sister, a P.E. teacher, she reminded me that...”，句子用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填(d)ecided。
51．句意：当我把我的计划告诉我那当体育老师的姐姐时，她提醒我，健身视频可能会有所帮助，但可能仍然会带来一些问题。根据“that workout videos could be helpful but might still carry some...”及首字母可知，此处是会带来一些问题，problem“问题”，空前是some，空格处用复数形式。故填(p)roblems。
52．句意：如果不和某人在一起，你就不太愿意全力以赴。根据“being with someone in person”及首字母可知，此处是如果不和某人在一起，空后是动名词being，空处应是介词without意为“不，没有”。故填(w)ithout。
53．句意：不过，不要沉迷其中。根据“don’t be addicted (沉迷的) to it”及首字母可知，这里表示转折，用however连接。故填(H)owever。
54．句意：与去健身房相比，使用在线视频锻炼是一个更便宜、更省时的选择。根据“Compared with going to the gym, using online videos to work out is a much cheaper and time-saving”及首字母可知，此处提到“与去健身房相比”，所以使用在线视频锻炼应是一个更便宜、更省时的选择，choice“选择”，该名词由a修饰，所以空处应是choice的单数。故填(c)hoice。
（2023上·上海徐汇·八年级位育中学校考校考）Not everyone has a chance to be a detective, but I got one when I was thirteen years old. It happened in 2008.
One afternoon, I was walking down the street when I saw my father’s new car. I e 55 to see my father in the driver’s seat, but to my surprise, I saw a young woman driving i 56 . “She has stolen my father’s car,” I thought. So I quickly stopped a taxi and got in. I said to the driver, “Follow that new car in front,” and I told him why.
The taxi driver had a car phone, s 57 I asked him to call the police. Soon we heard the sound of a police car. The police told the woman to stop the car using a loudspeaker (喇叭). The taxi came to a stop, too. I got out right then and said to the woman, “This is not your car. It’s my father’s car.”
The woman wasn’t w 58 at all, smiled and said, “Oh, you’re Mr Johnson’s younger son, right I’ve seen your p 59 in your father’s office.”
Before I could say another word, the woman explained that she was my father’s new assistant. My father had asked her to take his computer to the shop to have it repaired. He lent her his car. A 60 hearing this, we called my father and he told us what she said was true. The police and the taxi driver laughed. It was both the first and the last time I worked as a detective.
【答案】55．(e)xpected 56．(i)nstead 57．(s)o 58．(w)orried 59．(p)hoto/(p)hotos 60．(A)fter
【分析】这篇文章讲的是发生在作者身上的一件有趣的事，作者看到别人开着他爸爸的车，认为他爸爸的车被别人偷了，于是跟踪并且报警，结果是一场误会。
55．句意：我希望看到父亲坐在驾驶座上。根据“but to my surprise, I saw a young woman driving”及首字母可知，原本期待父亲坐在车里，expect表示“期待”，描述过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时，故填(e)xpected。
56．句意：但令我吃惊的是，我看到开车的是一个年轻女人。原以为看到的是爸爸，反而是一个女人开的车，用副词instead表示“反而”，故填(i)nstead。
57．句意：出租车司机有车载电话，所以我让他给警察打电话。根据“The taxi driver had a car phone, … I asked him to call the police”可知，前后文是因果关系，前是因后是果，故填(s)o。
58．句意：这位女士并不担心。根据“Oh, you’re Mr Johnson’s younger son, right”及首字母可知，看到这一切并没有感到担心，故填(w)orried。
59．句意：我在你父亲的办公室看到过你的照片。根据“I’ve seen your … in your father’s office”及首字母可知，看过照片所以认得作者，此空可以填名词的单数形式或复数形式，故填photo(s)。
60．句意：听到这些后，我们打电话给我父亲，他告诉我们她说的是真的。根据“we called my father and he told us what she said was true”可知，听到了这个女士解释的原因之后，我们打电话向父亲求证，故填(A)fter。
（2023上·上海松江·八年级校考校考）Where has the Time gone is the hottest song that has moved thousands of Chinese. Chinese parents give their children endless love and ask nothing in return. However, sometimes, daughters and sons are too busy growing up and forget that their parents are getting older and older. What should we do Let’s have a look at a l 61 of a father’s.
Dear son,
One day if you see me old and I am not myself, have patience and try to understand me. If I get dirty when eating…, if I cannot dress…, have patience. Remember the hours I spent t 62 it to you.
If, when I speak to you, I say the same things one thousand and one times, do not stop me and l 63 to me. When you were small, I had to read to you one thousand and one times the same story until you got to sleep.
When I do not want to have a shower, neither shame（羞辱） me nor scold（责备） me. Remember when I had to chase you with a thousand excuses I invented, in order that you wanted to bath.
When you see me meet something n 64 , give me the necessary time and don’t laugh at me. I taught you how to do so many things… to eat well, to dress well… to face life.
If I do not want to eat, do not force me. I know well when I need to and when not. When my legs do not allow me to walk, give me your h 65 the same way I did when you gave your first steps.
When sometimes I lose the memory during our conversation, let me have the necessary time to remember. And if I cannot do it, do not become nervous b 66 the most important thing is not my conversation but to be with you and to have you listen to me.
Yours,
Father
【答案】61．(l)etter 62．(t)eaching 63．(l)isten 64．(n)ew 65．(h)and 66．(b)ecause
【导语】本文讲述了《时间都去哪儿了》是感动了成千上万人的最热门歌曲。中国的父母给他们的孩子无尽的爱而不求回报。然而，有时儿子和女儿都忙于成长，忘记了他们的父母老了。文章通过一封父亲写给儿子的信，讲述了当父母老了我们该怎么办。
61．句意：让我们看看一封父亲的信。根据首字母提示及整个文章可知，这是一封信，letter“信”，空前有a修饰，名词应用单数形式，故填(l)etter。
62．句意：记得我花了多少时间教你。根据“I spent...it to you.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“花时间教你”，teach“教”，此处是spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，是固定短语，故填(t)eaching。
63．句意：当我对你说话的时候，我对你说同样的话，我说了一千零一遍，不要阻止我，听我说。根据首字母提示及“do not stop me and…to me.”可知，此处指的是“听我说”，listen“听”符合语境；此处是与stop构成并列，动词应用原形，故填(l)isten。
64．句意：当你看到我遇到新事物时，给我一些时间，不要嘲笑我。根据“give me the necessary time and don’t laugh at me”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“遇到新事物时”，此处用形容词new“新的”作定语修饰不定代词，故填(n)ew。
65．句意：当我的腿不允许我走路时，请扶我一把，就像我扶你迈出第一步一样。根据“give me your...the same way I did when you gave your first steps.”及首字母提示可知，此处说的是“帮助我一下”，此处用hand“手”，此处相当于结构give sb a hand，故填(h)and。
66．句意：如果我做不到，不要紧张，因为最重要的事情不是我的谈话，而是和你在一起，让你听我说。空格前后是因果关系，空后是原因，应用because引导原因状语从句，故填(b)ecause。
（2023上·上海静安·八年级上海市回民中学校考校考）Mr. William was very deaf (耳聋) ，but he did not like people to k 67 this.
One evening he invited some friends to dinner. While they were sitting at the table, one of his friends told a funny story. Everyone laughed and Mr. William laughed a 68 loud as anyone else. Then he said, ‘That was a very funny joke, but I know a f 69 one. Would you like to hear it ’ His friends all said they would. S 70 Mr. William began to tell his story. When it ended, everyone laughed louder than ever. Mr. William smiled happily. He was very g 71 that his story was so funny. But he did not know that his story was the one that his friend had just told. He thought it was his story that had made his friends pleasant.
【答案】67．(k)now 68．(a)s 69．(f)unnier 70．(S)o 71．(g)lad
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了耳聋的威廉先生的趣事。
67．句意：威廉先生是耳聋的，但他不喜欢人们知道这件事。分析“but”前后的内容可知，应是：威廉先生不喜欢人们知道他是耳聋的；结合首字母提示及空前的不定式符号“to”可知，空处应填动词原形know，故填(k)now。
68．句意：每个人都笑了，威廉先生笑得和其他人一样大声。根据“loud”及“as”及首字母提示可知，考查的是“as+形容词或副词原级+as”，表示“和……一样……”，故填(a)s。
69．句意：那是个很有趣的笑话，但我知道一个更有趣的笑话。根据“That was a very funny joke”及“but”及语境可知，空处表达的是“更有趣的”，应用形容词比较级，结合首字母提示可知，应填funny的比较级funnier，故填(f)unnier。
70．句意：所以威廉先生开始讲他的故事。根据“Would you like to hear it ”及“His friends all said they would.”可知，他的朋友都说愿意听他讲故事，“Mr. William began to tell his story”是结果，结合首字母提示可知，应填So，故填(S)o。
71．句意：他很高兴他的故事如此有趣。根据“When it ended, everyone laughed louder than ever. Mr. William smiled happily.”及“his story was so funny”可知，威廉先生是很高兴的，他的故事如此有趣；结合首字母可知，应填“glad高兴的”，故填(g)lad。
（2023上·上海浦东新·八年级校联考校考）Few people in China enjoy storms more than Liu Yijing. Other people may close their windows to block out sounds of the storm. Liu, h 72 , jumps excitedly for each and every storm. More than that, he will then drive i 73 the heart of them.
Since 2020, chasing storms has become a part of Liu’s life. The 21-year-old has travelled a 74 30,000 kilometers across China. He takes photos of storms and shares them online.
The young man has become more and more p 75 . He has been invited to give speeches at universities. CCTV has even begun to use his works. Not long ago, one of his photos was chosen as the cover for Advances in Atmospheric Science (《大气科学进展》).
As a storm photographer, Liu is amazing. But there are o 76 things that make him even more special. One day, Liu came across a f 77 . The man told him that a storm had damaged (破坏) the local crops. Liu felt sad. He r 78 that the things he loved could also bring damage.
Liu decided to do something. He started to make short videos about extreme weather (极端天气). Many people are now learning new things about the weather from him. “I hope my work can help people better understand nature,” said the storm chaser.
【答案】72．(h)owever 73．(i)nto 74．(a)bout 75．(p)opular 76．(o)ther 77．(f)armer 78．(r)ealized
【导语】本文讲述了追逐风暴的摄影师刘屹靖。
72．句意：然而，每次暴风雨来临，刘都会兴奋地跳起来。根据“Other people may close their windows to block out sounds of the storm.”和“jumps excitedly for each and every storm”可知，上下文是转折关系；结合首字母，应填however“然而”，副词。故填(h)owever。
73．句意：不仅如此，他还要把车开进风暴中心。根据“the heart of them”可知，此处指风暴中心；结合首字母，应填into“到……里面、进入”。故填(i)nto。
74．句意：这位21岁的年轻人在中国旅行了大约3万公里。根据“30,000 kilometers”及首字母可知，此处指大约3万公里；about“大约”，副词。故填(a)bout。
75．句意：这个年轻人越来越受欢迎了。根据下文“He has been invited to give speeches at universities. CCTV has even begun to use his works.”可知，刘屹靖变得越来越受欢迎；popular“受欢迎的”，形容词。故填(p)opular。
76．句意：但还有其他事情让他更特别。根据“But there are ... things that make him even more special.”及首字母可知，此处指其他的事情使他更特别；other“其他的”，修饰名词复数。故填(o)ther。
77．句意：一天，刘遇到了一个农民。根据“The man told him that a storm had damaged (破坏) the local crops.”可知，刘遇到了一个农民；farmer“农民”，名词。故填(f)armer。
78．句意：他意识到他所爱的东西也会带来伤害。根据“the things he loved could also bring damage”可知，他热爱的东西也会带来破坏，这是他意识到的东西；realize“意识到”，动词；由“loved”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式。故填(r)ealized。
（2022上·上海黄浦·八年级统考阶段练习）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的单词）
We think of chocolate as something sweet. However, long time ago, people thought of chocolate as something very bitter. For us, chocolate is a candy, but o 79 it was a medicine. Today, chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen, dessert, or just a snack. Sometimes it’s an ingredient in the main course of a meal. Mexicans make a hot chocolate sauce c 80 mole and pour it over chicken. The Mexicans also eat chocolate with spices like chili peppers.
Chocolate is a p 81 of the tropical cacao tree. Cacao beans taste so bitter that even monkeys say “ugh!” and run away. The word chocolate comes from a Mayan: word. The Mayas were an a 82 people who once lived in Mexico. They valued the cacao tree. Some of the Mayas used cacao beans. f 83 money, while others ground them to make a bitter drink.
When the Spaniards came to Mexico in the 16th century, they started drinking cacao, too. Because the drink was strong and bitter, they thought it was a medicine. When the Spaniards took the drink back to Europe, people discovered that sugar removed the bitter t 84 of cacao. Wealthy Spaniards heated the sweet drink and thought that it was good for their health. In the 19th century, an English company made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate. Now people could both drink and eat chocolate. Later, a Swiss company mixed milk and chocolate together. People liked the taste of milk chocolate even better. (248 words)
【答案】79．once 80．called 81．product 82．ancient 83．for 84．taste
【分析】本文是说明文。巧克力来源于一种热带植物可可树的可可豆。开始是被做成调料，古玛雅人用它赚钱或者做成饮料，十六世纪，西班牙人来到墨西哥，开始饮用可可豆，后来他们带到欧洲，发现糖能够去除苦味。在19世纪，一家英国公司做出了第一块巧克力，后来一家瑞士公司把牛奶和巧克力混合在一起。
79．句意：对我们来说，巧克力是糖果，但是它曾经是一种药。 根据下文介绍，巧克力在历史上一度被当成药品，故填once。
80．句意：墨西哥人做成热巧克力酱叫做摩尔，浇在鸡肉上。 被称作，用过去分词called表示被动关系，故填called。
81．句意：巧克力是一种热带的可可树的产品。 根据下文介绍的是可可豆，可知道是热带树木的产品，故填product。
82．句意：玛雅人是曾经生活在墨西哥的古代人。 根据历史常识可知，玛雅人是古代的人，故填ancient。
83．句意：一些玛雅人用可可豆换钱，而另外的人种植可可豆制作苦的饮料。短语use sth. for sth.用某物做某事，表示目的用介词for，故填for。
84．句意：人们发现糖能够去除可可豆的苦味。根据常识可知，bitter苦是一种味道，故填taste。
（2022上·上海闵行·八年级统考期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词， 是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）
Do you know something about rings(年轮) Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like, sometimes even hundreds of years ago
A tree will g 85 well in a climate(气候) with lots of sunshine and rainfall. And little sunshine or rainfall will limit the growth of a tree. We can see the c 86 of climate by studying the tree rings. For example, we can find out the weather ten years ago, and we can count the rings of a tree from the o 87 to the inside. If the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year. If it is n 88 the eleventh ring, then the climate that year was bad.
Tree rings are important not only for studying the weather but also for studying the h 89 of men. Many centuries ago there l 90 a lot of people at a place in New Mexico. But now you can find only sand there - no trees and no people. What happened
A scientist studied the rings of dead trees there. He found that the people had to leave b 91 they had cut down all the trees to make fires and buildings. As all the trees had gone, the people there had to move.
【答案】85．(g)row 86．(c)hange 87．(o)utside 88．(n)ear 89．(h)abit 90．(l)ived 91．(b)ecause
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍树木年轮的相关信息。
85．句意：树在阳光雨水充足的气候下生长旺盛。根据句意和首字母可知，此处指树木生长。故填(g)row。
86．句意：通过研究树木年轮，我们看到气候的变化。根据下文“ For example, we can find out the weather ten years ago...it was sunny and rainy most of that year.”和首字母可知，此处描述通过研究树木年轮可以知道气候的变化。故填(c)hange。
87．句意：例如，我们可以弄清楚十年前的天气，我们可以从外往内数树木的年轮。根据“to the inside”和首字母可知，应该是从外往内数。故填(o)utside。
88．句意：如果它靠近第十一圈年轮，那么那年的气候很糟糕。根据上文“If the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year”和首字母可知，如果第十圈离第十一圈远，我们可以确定那年阳光雨水充沛，推断空处是靠近。故填(n)ear。
89．句意：年轮不仅对研究天气，而且对研究人类习惯也很重要。根据下文“He found that the people had to leave...the people there had to move.”可知，此处指人类生活习惯。故填(h)abit。
90．句意：几百年以前，新墨西哥那里住着很多人。根据句意和首字母可知，此处指人类居住“live”，因为讲述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填(l)ived。
91．句意：他发现人们不得不离开，因为他们已经把树砍了用于生火和建筑。根据前后句和首字母可知，前后句构成因果关系。故填(b)ecause。
（2022上·上海嘉定·八年级统考期末）Marco Polo
It is difficult to imagine what the world was like in 1254. Europe was living in an age that we call the Medieval Period (中世纪). It was a time of many wars.
It was in that time that Marco Polo was born in Venice, Italy. Life in Venice was d 92 from life in most of Europe. Venice was a city of beautiful buildings and water canals (运河). Many businessmen did business in Venice. Marco Polo’s father and uncle were businessmen. They had traveled to a far-off country called Cathay. (Cathay is now called China.) There they had friends with the great ruler, Kublai Khan(忽必烈). He i 93 them to return to Cathay.
When Marco Polo was seventeen years old, he began a journey to China with his father and uncle. They sailed the Indian Ocean and crossed the desert and mountains of Asia on camels. The journey to China took three years.
Kublai Khan greeted the Polos and sent them lots of gifts. He was especially impressed (留下印象) with Marco, who could speak four l 94 including Chinese and others.
Khan sent Marco on many trips a 95 China. On these trips, Marco saw many amazing things that he had never seen in Europe, such as coal used as fuel, paper money i 96 of coins, and papermaking and printing processes. Marco made many notes about life in China.
After almost twenty years in China, the Polos began their journey home to Italy. Kublai Khan gave them many gifts of ivory, silk, jewels, and jade.
When they returned to Venice, they found their city at war. Marco Polo was put in prison. He spent his time w 97 a book about his years in China. The book is called Descriptions of the World. It became the most p 98 book in Europe. Because of the book, many people in Europe learned about life in China.
【答案】92．(d)ifferent 93．(i)nvited 94．(l)anguages 95．(a)cross 96．(i)nstead 97．(w)riting 98．(p)opular
【导语】本文主要介绍了Marco Polo的生活背景，着重讲述了他与中国之间的联系以及在中国的生活。
92．句意：威尼斯的生活与欧洲大部分地区的生活不同。根据“Life in Venice was …from life in most of Europe”及“Venice was a city of beautiful buildings and water canals (运河). Many businessmen did business in Venice.”可知，与欧洲大部分地区的生活是不同的，different“不同的”，形容词作表语，故填(d)ifferent。
93．句意：他邀请他们返回中国。根据“them to return to Cathay”及首字母可知，邀请他们一起返回中国，invite“邀请”，描述过去发生的事情，动词用过去式，故填(i)nvited。
94．句意：马可给他留下了特别深刻的印象，他会说四种语言，包括汉语和其他语言。根据“including Chinese and others”及首字母可知，会说四种语言，language“语言”，根据four可知，此空应填复数形式，故填(l)anguages。
95．句意：可汗派马可在中国各地旅行。根据“on many trips …China”及首字母可知，穿越中国的旅行，across“穿过”，故填(a)cross。
96．句意：在这些旅行中，马可看到了许多他在欧洲从未见过的令人惊奇的东西，比如用煤作为燃料，用纸币代替硬币，以及造纸和印刷工艺。根据“paper money … of coins”及首字母可知，纸币代替硬币，instead of“代替”，故填(i)nstead。
97．句意：他花时间写了一本关于他在中国的岁月的书。根据“a book about his years in China”及首字母可知，写了一本书，write“写”，spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填(w)riting。
98．句意：它成为了欧洲最受欢迎的书。根据“Because of the book, many people in Europe learned about life in China”及首字母可知，成了最受欢迎的书，popular“受欢迎的”，故填(p)opular。
（2023上·上海奉贤·八年级统考校考）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）：
Strength of laboring（劳动）
The farming TV program Believe in the Land (《种地吧》) has been winning the hearts of its young audience (观众). It has received over 30 thousand comments(评论) on Douban and has got 8.9 points out of 10. In the show, 10 young people get t 99 as a team. They work hard for 190 days on a 9.5-hectare farm to grow 25,000 kilograms of crops.
This is China’s f 100 farming-themed(种地主题的) show. It’s a new experiment for Chinese variety shows（综艺节目）. Before this, the British farming show Clarkson’s Farm was popular among Chinese audiences. Clarkson, a rich man with no farming experience, ran his farm with funny and changing ideas. It made people l 101 and showed the challenges of farming. Believe in the Land shares s 102 similar by showing the farming experiences of 10 young people.
Some other “slow TV programs” also show famous s 103 living in the countryside. But Believe in the Land stands out as it shows not only the beauty of country life, but also the hard work behind it.
The young people started from scratch (从零开始) to make their own tools and furniture. They lived in a small, old house near the fields, wore dirty clothes in the mud and worked from sunrise to sunset.
“A 104 the young people didn’t do it perfectly, their experience of working in the muddy fields and unloading(卸下) tons of fertilizer (肥料) is moving,” wrote an internet user on Douban. “Watching their hard work m 105 me understand the saying ‘No pains, no gains’ more than ever,” another audience wrote on Sina Weibo.
【答案】99．(t)ogether 100．(f)irst 101．(l)augh 102．(s)omething 103．(s)tars 104．(A)lthough 105．(m)akes
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国第一个种地主题节目——《种地吧》。
99．句意：在节目中，10个年轻人组成了一个团队。get together“在一起”，为固定短语，故填(t)ogether。
100．句意：这是中国第一个种地主题节目。根据“It’s a new experiment for Chinese variety shows（综艺节目）”以及首字母可知，说明这是中国第一个种地主题节目。first“第一个”符合语境，故填(f)irst。
101．句意：它让人们开怀大笑，并展示了农业的挑战。根据“with funny and changing ideas.”和首字母可知，是指有趣而多变的想法让人们开怀大笑，laugh“大笑”，make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，故填(l)augh。
102．句意：《种地吧》通过展示10名年轻人的农业经历，分享了类似的东西。根据“shares s...similar ”结合是肯定句可知，此处是指something“某事”，故填(s)omething。
103．句意：其他一些“慢电视节目”也展示了生活在农村的著名明星。根据“living in the countryside.”和首字母可知是指明星，应用star，此处应用名词复数，故填(s)tars。
104．句意：虽然这些年轻人做得并不完美，但他们在泥泞的田地里工作、卸下成吨化肥的经历令人感动。前后句是转折让步关系，应用although引导，故填(A)lthough。
105．句意：看着他们的努力工作，我比以往任何时候都更明白“一分耕耘，一分收获”这句话。根据“Watching their hard work m...me understand”可知是指使“我”明白，应用动词make。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故填(m)akes。
（2022上·上海徐汇·八年级统考阶段练习）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
For most kids, the best thing about going to fast-food restaurants might not be the food, but the toys. Looking at them in the display cases just makes you wish you could have all of them in one go. But of course, even one would be enough to make you happy.
Filipino graphic artist (菲律宾平面设计师) Percival Lugue has, however, taken this love to another level. S 106 he was five, he has had a passion for collecting toys from fast-food restaurants like McDonald’s and Burger King. Now, the 50-year-old has about 20,000 toys packed from floor to ceiling in his home!
Lugue’s collection is so impressive that it even got a mention in the Guinness World Records in 2014. At the time, he had managed to collect o 107 10,000 items. “The toy is like a storyteller in itself” he e 108 his hobby. “For example, it gives me a glimpse of that particular period of my life when I first got it and it is a reminder of what was going on.”
Even as a kid, Lugue treated his toys well. U 109 the other naughty and careless kids, he would take good care of them and put them on display.
While most of his toys were gained through personal purchases, some were given away by his friends and family. “I would invite my friends to have lunch at McDonald’s. And with their friendly assistance, I would be able to complete the w 110 set” Lugue said.
His dream now is to open a museum for his toy collection one day. Lugue hopes to give others a c 111 to revisit memories. But he also warns that we should eat less fast food because health should always come first in our lives.
【答案】106．(S)ince 107．(o)ver 108．(e)xplained 109．(U)nlike 110．(w)hole 111．(c)hance
【导语】本文介绍菲律宾男子Percival Lugue从五岁时起，就热衷于收集快餐店的玩具，45年间共收藏约2万个快餐店玩具！他梦想有一天能为他的玩具收藏开设博物馆。Lugue希望给他人一个重温自己童年记忆的机会。
106．句意：从五岁起，他就喜欢从麦当劳和汉堡王等快餐店收集玩具。根据“S... he was five, he has had a passion for collecting toys from fast-food restaurants like McDonald’s and Burger King.”可知，此处是“since+一般过去时，现在完成时”结构，故填(S)ince。
107．句意：当时，他已经设法收集了1万多件物品。根据“he had managed to collect o... 10,000 items”可知，收集了1万多件物品，over“超过”符合语境，故填(o)ver。
108．句意：“这个玩具本身就像一个讲故事的人，”他解释自己的爱好。根据“he e...his hobby”可知，他解释自己的爱好，explain“解释”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(e)xplained。
109．句意：不像其他淘气和粗心的孩子，他会很好地照顾它们，并展示它们。根据“U... the other naughty and careless kids, he would take good care of them and put them on display.”可知，他不像其他淘气和粗心的孩子，unlike“不像”符合语境，故填(U)nlike。
110．句意：在他们的友好帮助下，我将能够完成整套。根据“I would be able to complete the w... set”可知，能够完成整套收集，whole“全部的”符合语境，故填(w)hole。
111．句意：Lugue希望给其他人一个重温回忆的机会。根据“Lugue hopes to give others a c... to revisit memories.”可知，Lugue希望给其他人一个重温回忆的机会，chance“机会”，a修饰可数名词单数，故填(c)hance。
（2022上·上海杨浦·八年级统考期末）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Anger is a common and healthy human feeling. But when it gets out of control, it can cause problems: problems at work, in your personal relationships and in your family life. E 112 gets angry sometimes. Although being angry is natural, what you do when you feel angry is important. This is difficult for kids and even for adults, too.
These ideas may be u 113 to solve the problem which is troubling you. First, exercise can be good for people who are trying not to lose their tempers (脾气) because it’s a way of releasing (释放) energy and stress. For example, you will feel good to dance around your room w 114 your favorite music! Second, get into the habit of s 115 how you’re feeling and why. If you’re having trouble with your temper, talk with your parents or friends and tell them what you’re trying to do. Words help you s 116 your feelings and receive understanding from others. Third, breathe deeply and repeat a calm word or phrase slowly, such as ‘relax’ or ‘take it easy’ to yourself while breathing. Besides, you’d better think of people and things you are thankful for because you c 117 be angry and thankful at the same time.
Being angry is never a reason for giving up your work or influencing (影响) the people around you. Remember: life will always be filled with pain, frustration and some other unexpected trouble. You can’t change that, but you can change your way to face that. Learning to control your angry responses can help you stay a 118 from being even unhappier.
【答案】112．(E)verybody/(E)veryone 113．(u)seful 114．(w)ith 115．(s)aying 116．(s)how 117．(c)an’t 118．(a)way
【分析】本文主要介绍了让自己控制愤怒，不生气的方法。
112．句意：有时每个人都会生气。此空缺少主语，结合首字母可知，每个人都会生气，everybody或everyone表示“每个人”，故填(E)verybody/(E)veryone。
113．句意：这些想法可能对解决困扰你的问题有用。be后接形容词作表语，根据“These ideas may be … to solve the problem which is troubling you”及首字母可知，介绍了一些对你有用的建议，useful“有用的”，故填(u)seful。
114．句意：例如，在你的房间里伴随着你最喜欢的音乐跳舞，你会感觉很好。根据“dance around your room … your favorite music”及首字母可知，跟着喜欢的音乐一起跳舞，with“与……一起，随着”，故填(w)ith
115．句意：第二，养成说出你的感受和原因的习惯。根据“talk with your parents or friends and tell them what you’re trying to do”及首字母可知，此处建议说出自己的感受和原因，say“说”，of是介词，后接动名词，故填(s)aying。
116．句意：语言帮助你表达你的感受，并从别人那里获得理解。根据“Words help you…your feelings”及首字母可知，语言帮助表达感受，show“表达，显示”，help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，故填(s)how。
117．句意：此外，你最好想想你要感谢的人和事，因为你不可能同时生气和感激。根据“because you … be angry and thankful at the same time”及首字母可知，不可能同时生气和感激，can’t“不可能”，故填(c)an’t。
118．句意：学会控制你的愤怒反应可以帮助你不会变得更不快乐。stay away from“远离”，故填(a)way。
（2022上·上海浦东新·八年级校考期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。）
Physical exercise is very important. It makes you feel l 119 stressed. Exercise strengthens organs such as the lung and the heart and helps a person to keep the right body weight. Sports scientists Dr. Helen Lopez o 120 the following advice to teenager, “First, you need to work out your level of fitness. Then you can design a p 121 that will help you become healthier.”
It is suggested that there be t 122 levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. “Overweight” means that the person gets very little exercise and very often has a serious weight problem. “Inactive” means that the person does not take part in many physical activities, but it is not s 123 overweight. “Active” refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities but do not have a high fitness level.
According to Dr. Lopez, overweight teenagers should keep active. “Ride a bike, play volleyball or basketball for a while and go for a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories.”
Inactive teenagers should do s 124 activities, but add some bending and stretching exercises, such as push-ups and sit-ups, starting with twenty of each a day. “Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people b 12
