(共38张PPT)
人教 必修第一册
Unit 4
Period 2
Reading and Thinking
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
新 课 导 入
List the natural disasters you know.
earthquake
tornado
wildfire
drought
新 课 导 入
landslide
tsunami
flood
volcanic eruption
1）能通过快速浏览文本标题、图片等信息, 预测文本内容；
2）能根据上下文猜测生词的含义；
3）能通过文本阅读,梳理事件发展重要信息。
课 堂 学 习
Discussion:
What do you think will happen before an earthquake
The animals were too nervous to sleep or eat, such as dogs , cows, pigs, horses, and chickens.
Mice run out of the fields.
Fish jump out of bowls and ponds.
There are cracks
in the wells.
The water in the well rises and falls.
A smelly gas comes out of the cracks.
1
Work in pairs. Discuss what can happen to a city during a big earthquake.
A city would be damaged;
Water would be unsafe to drink;
People would panic and get severely injured;
...
Prediction
2
Look at the title and photo below and guess what the text is about. Then read and check if you are right.
The text is about earthquake.
3
Read the text carefully and write down the main idea of each paragraph.
How to find the main idea: Read the first sentence of each paragraph. Many paragraphs begin with a topic sentence that outlines the main idea.
If the main idea is not stated in the first sentence, it may be stated in the last sentence that summarises the whole paragraph.
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days,the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide,and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976,bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night.
Why didn't the chickens and pigs eat before the earthquake
Main idea of this paragraph:
Warning signs before the earthquake.
At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
How many people were killed or injured during the earthquake
Main idea of this paragraph:
The happening of the big earthquake.
Everywhere survivors looked,there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings,90 percent of its homes,and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves,but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows,hundreds of thousands of pigs,and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water,food,and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
After the two earthquakes happened, how did the people alive feel
Main idea of this paragraph:
The immediate effects of the earthquake.
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train,truck,and plane. Slowly,the city began to breathe again.
How did the supplies such as water and food were brought into city
Main idea of this paragraph:
The rescue work.
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people,with great improvements in transportation,industry,and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster,people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
How did the new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins
Main idea of this paragraph:
The revival of the city.
Use context to understand new words
When you see a word you do not know, do not stop and look it up in a dictionary. If you continue reading, the context will probably help you understand what it means.
Strategy
Try to figure out the meanings of words underlined.
1. The animals feed on grasses, leafy plants, shrubs, and other vegetation.
“Vegetation” means plants in general.
2. Unlike animals hunt during the day, nocturnal hunters must find their way in the darkness.
“Nocturnal” means animals that are active in the night.
4
Scan the text and find the words below. Guess what they mean from the context.
ruin brick trap bury
1. Context clues: A huge crack, ..., cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
“Ruin” means the parts of a building that remain after it has been destroyed.
2. Context clues: Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away.
“Brick” means something used for building walls.
3. Context clues: Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
“Trap” means someone is in a dangerous place that they want to get out of but cannot.
“Bury” means covering with earth to deal with the dead.
Language points
1. [教材原句] It seemed as if① the world were coming to an end②! 好像世界末日就要到了!
①【句式分析】as if是一个连词结构，等同于as though，用来引导从句，意为“似乎；好像；仿佛”。从句根据说话人所陈述内容的真实性或可能性，可用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
e.g. The pot is smoking. It looks as if the food is overcooked.
She was sitting there as if nothing had happened.
【归纳拓展】
一、as if/though引导的从句的虚拟语气有以下三种情况：
(1) 从句谓语与主句谓语同时进行,从句用一般过去时(系动词一般用were);
(2) 从句谓语在主句谓语之前发生，从句用过去完成时;
(3) 从句谓语在主句谓语之后发生，从句用过去将来时(would/could/might+do)。
二、as if/though引导的从句有时用省略形式。此时as if/though后常接名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。
e.g. Tom raised his hand as if (he was) to say something.
②【句式分析】come to an end此处与the world搭配，表示“世界末日来临”的意思。come to还常常与decision、conclusion、agreement等词汇搭配，表示“达成；得到”等意思。
e.g. They finally came to an agreement after a long discussion.
2. [教材原句] Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! 全国近三分之一的人都感觉到了!
【句式分析】句中主语是one third of the whole nation，one third表示“三分之一”。英语中分数词由基数词和序数词构成，分子用基数词(one, two, ...)，分母用序数词(first, second, ...)。当分子大于一时，分母用复数。
e.g. 五分之一 one fifth 四分之三 three fourths
3. [教材原句] In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 不到一分钟的时间，一座偌大的城市就成了废墟。
ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
e.g. Three-fourths of the crop was ruined by the flood last night.
【归纳拓展】
◎ be/lie in ruins 变成废墟
◎ go to ruin = fall into ruin 衰落, 败落
◎ ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/名声/未来
【易混辨析】ruin/ destroy/damage的用法辨析
ruin 可作名词和动词，指非暴力的破坏，尤指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
e.g. The fire ruined the house.
destroy 只能用作动词, 指破坏、毁灭不可能修复, 也可以指希望、计划等打破。
e.g. The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town.
damage 可作名词和动词，指部分损坏、损害、破坏或指使用价值有所降低。
e.g. The accident did a lot of damage to his car.
【即学即练】用ruin/destroy/damage的正确形式填空。
①Everywhere they looked nearly everything was _________.
②Soft wood ________ easily.
③He ______ his girl friend’s prospects.
④The bridge was __________ by the flood.
⑤An earthquake left the whole town in _______.
damages
ruined
damaged
destroyed
ruins
4. [教材原句] People were in shock—and then, later that after-noon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们震惊了——然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震袭击唐山。
shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt. (使)震惊
in shock 震惊;吃惊
e.g. We were shocked to learn of his passing away.
【归纳拓展】
◎ be a shock to... 对……而言是一件震惊的事
◎ shocked adj.感到震惊的（修饰人）
be shocked at sth./that... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而感到震惊
◎ shocking adj.令人震惊的（修饰事物）
5. [教材原句] Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped① and to bury② the dead③. 地震后不久,部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。
① trap v.使落入险境；使陷入全套 n. 险境;陷阱
e.g. If you choose this way,you’re likely to fall into a trap.
【归纳拓展】
◎ fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套
lay/set a trap for... 为……设下圈套
fall into the trap of doing sth 落入做某事的陷阱
◎ be trapped in... 陷入……
trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
② bury vt. 埋葬;安葬
e.g. You’ll never solve your problems if you just bury your head in the sand.
【归纳拓展】
◎ bury ...in ... 把……埋到……里;使……沉浸于……
◎ be buried in=bury oneself in 沉浸于……;埋头于……
③ the dead意为“死者；逝者”。“the+形容词转化而来的名词”表达具有该形容词词义特征或状态的“人”或“物”，为集合概念。这类名词无复数词尾，通常当作复数词使用。
e.g. The old sometimes help the young to enrich their social experiences.
6. [教材原句] Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 慢慢地,这座城市又恢复了生机。
breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸
e.g. Most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.
【归纳拓展】
◎ breathe (sth.) in 吸入（气体）
breathe out 呼气
◎ breath n. 呼吸
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 气喘吁吁地,上气不接下气地
catch one’s breath 喘口气
take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深呼吸
7. [教材原句] With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下,在地震废墟上建造了一座新的唐山。
effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
e.g. As long as we spare no effort to do a little bit every day,we’ll make a real difference.
【归纳拓展】
◎ make efforts/ an/every effort to do sth. = spare no effort to do sth.
=try one's best to do sth. 不遗余力做某事；竭尽全力做某
◎ make no effort to do sth. 毫不费力做某事
◎ with/without effort 努力地，艰难地/容易地，不费力地
5
Read the sentences describing what happened after a huge plete the sentences with the correct forms of the new words and phrases from the text.
The huge earthquake left nearly the whole city __________.
Everyone was ________, thinking the world must be coming to an end.
Millions of people were left without water, food, or __________.
in ruins
in shock
electricity
Soldiers and volunteers worked as hard as they could to pull away _______ and rocks, and rescue those who were ________ under the ruins.
Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injures, but others had already stopped _________ when they were discovered.
A few buildings were still standing, but people were afraid to use them as shelters, worrying they would be _________ if the buildings fell.
bricks
buried
breathing
trapped
Language points
Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injures, but others had already stopped breathing when they were discovered. 有些人被发现时还活着，尽管他们受了重伤，但其他人在被发现时已经停止了呼吸。
suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
e.g. It was as a result of the accident that the company suffered a great loss.
【归纳拓展】
◎ suffer from 患……病;因……而受苦
◎ suffer pains/hardships 遭受痛苦/困难
◎ suffering n.苦难;痛苦
◎ sufferer n.受难者
6
Read the text again and answer the questions.
1. What were some of the strange things happening before the earthquake
Do you think they were warning signs Why or why not
(1) Deep cracks in the well walls; Water in it rose and fell; Some smelly gas came out of it; Chickens and pigs were too nervous to eat; Dogs refused to go inside buildings; mice ran out of the fields; Fish jumped out of the water; Bright lights were seen in the sky.
(2) Yes, because animals can sense the incoming quakes before human can sense them.
No, because earthquakes don’t always behave in a consistent way. Some signs occur at different times, whereas sometimes those signs do not occur at all.
2. What does the writer mean by “Slowly, the city began to breathe again”
3. What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need
The Tangshan city began to get help and there was hope to recover.
They need quick access to basic things such as water and food, because they cannot get them easily.
They also need medical care, not just for injuries, but to protect against disease and other problems that happen after the earthquake.
They need psychological care and help.
7
Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
1. What do you think helped in the revival of Tangshan city
(1) Strong support from the government;
(2) Tireless efforts of city’s people;
(3) People’s spirit of unity and positive attitude;
...
2. What other cities or towns have gone through similar changes What lessons can we learn from these events
Wenchuan, China.
People should strengthen unity in the times of disaster;
People should learn some survival skills and train themselves on what they need to ensure their safety during the quake; ...
P1
P2-3
P4-5
The night the earth didn't sleep
Before the earthquake
During the earthquake
After the earthquake
abnormal signs
unprepared
deadly damage
hopeless
rescue and revival
hopeful(共30张PPT)
人教 必修第一册
Unit 4
Period 5
Reading for Writing
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
新 课 导 入
Look at the pictures. Think about what these pictures describe.
1）能够通过阅读范文，对报道的自然灾害做出摘要；
2）学会对所阅读的文章写一份简短的摘要。
课 堂 学 习
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1,870 people were killed.
when
what
why
where
1
3
2
2004-12-26
A tsunami crashed into coastlines across
Asia, killing more than 6,500 people.
a powerful earthquake that
reached a magnitude of 9.0
Indonesia, India,
Thailand, Malaysia
In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood
at 2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said.
Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254
were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1,900
people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. “I was having breakfast
with my three children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and
run to safety,” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman.
1
3
2
1,600
2,498
one million
1,900
254
54
1,900
The tsunami caused serious damage and effect.
Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even
higher over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organized for the tsunami-hit countries.
However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and
supplies.
1
3
2
following events
1
Read the news report released the day after a tsunami and answer the questions.
1. When did the tsunami happen
It happened on Sunday, 26 December 2004.
Contextual clue: The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, ...
2. What caused the tsunami
Earthquake.
3. Why would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies
Because the conditions were dangerous and roads were damaged.
Contextual clue: Fishermen, ...... by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
Contextual clue: However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
Language points
1. [教材原句]Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.渔民、游客、旅馆、房屋和汽车被震级达到9.0的强烈地震所引起的巨浪冲走了。
sweep away 消灭;彻底清除
【归纳拓展】
sweep off 扫去;吹掉
sweep up 清扫
sweep...into 把……扫入……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)People visit their ancestors’graves to sweep the dirt.
(2)She swept the pile of papers and books her bag.
away
into
2. [教材原句]The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.
印尼苏门答腊岛西海岸周日上午7点左右发生了海底地震。
strike vt. & vi.(struck,struck/stricken) 侵袭;突击;击打;突然想到 n.罢工;罢课;袭击
e.g.A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing hundreds of people.
【归纳拓展】
be struck by 被……打动/迷住了
It strikes/hits/occurs to sb that... 某人突然想起……
strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
go on strike 举行罢工
be on strike 在罢工
[即学即练] 完成句子
(1)为了争取更多的工资,工人们决定罢工。
The workers decided to for better pay.
(2)那天老师说的话让我刻骨铭心。
What the teacher said the other day was ____________________ forever.
(3)工人们罢工多久了
How long have the workers
go on strike
struck into my heart
been on strike
3. [教材原句]I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我正和三个孩子吃早饭,这时水灌进了我家里。
【句式分析】be doing...when...意为“正在做……这时(突然)……”, when 为并列连词,表示“这时;突然”,相当于and at this/that time。
【归纳拓展】
was about to do sth/was doing sth/was going to do sth/was on the point of doing sth/had just done sth+when...
4. [教材原句]However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult① to deliver② food and supplies.
然而,危险的条件和损坏的道路将使运送食物和补给品变得困难。
①【句式分析】本句是“主语+make+it+adj.(+for...)+to do...”句式。其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语。
【归纳拓展】
用it作形式宾语的句子
主语+find/consider/think/believe/suppose/feel/make+it+形容词/名词+that从句
I think it important that we should learn English well.
我认为我们学好英语很重要。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The two businessmen are so alike that strangers find ___ ___ difficult to tell one from the other.
(2)They make it possible for doctors (do) complicated operations to save lives.
it
to do
②deliver vi.& vt.递送;传达 vt.发表
e.g.We promise to deliver within 48 hours.
【归纳拓展】
deliver sth to sb 给某人送某物
deliver a speech/lecture 演讲/讲课
delivery n. 投递
deliverer n. 递送人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)Do you know the boy (deliver) the newspapers every day
(2)I am glad to have been invited to your school ____________ (deliver) a lecture.
delivering
to deliver
2
Read the summary of the news report. Check the main points it includes.
Summary: On 26 December 2004, a tsunami killed more than 6,500 tourists, fishermen, and other locals in Southeast Asia. Thousands of people are missing and the number of deaths is expected to grow. The damage caused by the tsunami is making it difficult for rescue workers to help the survivors.
time
effect
date
cause
place
following events
event
A summary is a short
statement of main points.
A summary paragraph tells
the main ideas and the
most important information
of a longer passage.
Evaluate the summary by using the checklist below.
Summary: On 26 December 2004, a tsunami killed more than 6,500 tourists, fishermen, and other locals in Southeast Asia. Thousands of people are missing and the number of deaths is expected to grow. The damage caused by the tsunami is making it difficult for rescue workers to help the survivors.
Strategy
Gather the main points that must be discussed.
Use your own words.
Keep it short and concise.
Don't add personal opinions on the issue or topic.
Write in present tense.
effect n.影响;结果;效果
e.g.We warned them, but no effect.
【归纳拓展】
come into/take effect 生效;见效
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
bring/carry/put...into effect 实施;使……生效/起作用
be of no effect 是无效果的
3
Follow the steps below to write a summary for the text on page 50.
Read the text and write a list of the main details.
Strange things happened in the countryside before the earthquake.
An earthquake hit _________________ China on 28 July 1976.
___________________________________________________.
_____________________________________________________.
_______________________________________________________________.
the city of Tangshan
Nearly everything in the city was destroyed after the earthquake
Tangshan started to revive with the government's support and people's efforts
The city began to breathe again with the help of rescue workers
Write down the main idea of each paragraph based on the details above.
Paragraph 1: _____________________________
Paragraph 2: _____________________________
Paragraph 3: _____________________________
Paragraph 4: _____________________________
Paragraph 5: _____________________________
Warning signs before the earthquake.
The happening of the earthquake.
The immediate damage of the earthquake.
The rescue work.
The revival of the city.
Organise the ideas and draft your summary. Pay attention to the following.
Sample Writing
Summary: An earthquake hit Tangshan China on 28 July 1976, and the number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. There are warning signs before the quake. Then, nearly everything is destroyed and the whole city lies in ruins. Much rescue work brings the hope. Tangshan starts to revive with the government's support and people's efforts.
event, place, date
data
detail
conclusion
Exchange the drafts. Use the checklist to give feedback on your partner's draft.
Does the summary give you a clear idea of what the text is about
Does the summary include only the most important information of the text
Is the summary the proper length
Are there any spelling or punctuation errors
Does the writer use correct tenses
Get your draft back and revise it.
4
Put up your summary in the classroom or read it to the class.
We have learned to write a summary about the news report through reading the text.(共27张PPT)
人教 必修第一册
Unit 4
Period 3
Discovering Useful Structures
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
新 课 导 入
我喜欢漂亮的房子
句1：我喜欢房子。 I like houses.
句2：房子很漂亮
简单合并： I like houses. Houses are beautiful.
合并同类项：I like houses that are beautiful.
Houses are beautiful.
1）通过观察、分析掌握关系代词引导的定语从句的结构特征及其句法功能；
2）能用定语从句描述人或物。
课 堂 学 习
1
Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below. What function do the restrictive relative clauses have
The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
修饰名词experience
修饰名词couple
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
修饰名词supplies
修饰名词Mr Li
修饰名词doctor
修饰名词cracks
Find more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page 50.
修饰名词quake
修饰名词词组Two thirds of the people
修饰名词people
修饰代词those
修饰名词survivors
Restrictive Relative Clauses (限制性定语从句)
限制性定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，说明事物的具体信息，从句位于被修饰词之后，例如：
The man who lives next to us is a police officer.
We will start at the point where we left off last time.
上述例句中，man、point都是被定语从句修饰的词，叫作先行词。
黑体部分是定语从句，其中who是关系代词；where是关系副词。
Structures
定语从句的常见引导词
替代（人、物） 功能
关系代词 that 人或物 主、宾
which 事物 主、宾
who 人 主、宾
whom 人 宾
whose 人或物 定语
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
关系代词which和that
1. 关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，例如：
The bus which has just left was the last one today. (作主语)
The fish (which) I bought this morning was not fresh. (作宾语，可省略)
2. 关系代词that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，例如：
This is a book that interests a large number of people. (作主语)
Is there anything (that) I can do for you (作宾语，可省略)
He is a man (that) you can safely trust. (作宾语，可省略)
关系代词which和that
在限制性定语从句中只能用that，不能用which的情况：
当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词被every, any, all, some, little, no, few, much等词修饰时。
当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only, the very, the last等词修饰时。
e.g. All that can be done has been done.
e.g. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
It's the most important task that should be finished soon.
关系代词which和that
在限制性定语从句中只能用that，不能用which的情况：
当先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g. They talked about the people and things that they remembered at school.
当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时，为避免混淆，不用which而用that。
e.g. Who is the man that is standing by the gate
关系代词who/whom/whose
1. 关系代词who/whom指人，在定语从句中分别作主语或宾语，例如：
The man who lives in that house is my uncle. (作主语)
The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor. (作宾语，可省略)
（ 关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。）
2. 关系代词whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，例如：
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. (作定语，修饰人)
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. (作定语，修饰物)
“介词+关系代词”
关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出，例如：
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
= The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous.
定语从句中某些含有介词的动词短语，一般介词仍放在动词的后面，此类动词短语有：look for, look after, take care of等。
e.g. This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.
This is the watch for which I am looking. ( )
“介词+关系代词”
关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置时，只能用which或whom，不可用that, who。
e.g. The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.
The plane by which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.
以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。
e.g. The way (in which/that) he answered the question was surprising.
2
Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom or “/”. Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
Here are some of the people ________ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.
whose
The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people __________ were asleep.
who
Translation: ________________________________
这是一些被台风摧毁家园的人们。
Translation: ______________________________________
大楼的剧烈震动惊醒了所有睡着的人。
The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything ___________ they could find.
Translation: ___________________________________________________
that / 省略
Several days later, most of the buildings ____________ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
which / that
Translation: __________________________________________
第二天，人们用能找到的任何东西在露天处搭建庇护所。
几天后，大多数被飓风毁坏的建筑都修好了。
The injured boy _______ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
whose
Translation: ______________________________________________
The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by ________ she was rescued.
whom
Translation: _________________________________________
那个母亲在灾难中丧生的受伤男孩被送到了医院。
那位妇女给营救她的士兵写了一封感谢信。
Is this the young boy ____________ saved several other students trapped under buildings
who / that
Translation: _____________________________________________________
这是那个救了其他几个被困在建筑下的学生的小男孩吗？
Key words
1. supply / s pla / n. 供应量；补给
supply chain 供应链
e.g. Books were in short supply. 书本供应短缺。
e.g. Our medical supplies were running out.
我们的医疗补给快用完了。
n. 供应，供给 ~ sth to sb/ ~ sb with sth
e.g. Foreign governments supplied arms to the rebels.
e.g. Foreign governments supplied the rebels with arms.
一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。
2. “Typhoon” and “Hurricane” are names for the same storm. It is called a typhoon if it occurs in the West Pacific Ocean and a hurricane if it occurs in the North Atlantic Ocean or Eastern Pacific Ocean.
3. survive / s va v / v. 生存；幸存，艰难度过
survive on 靠......生存
~ from sth
e.g. Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.
有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
e.g. The company managed to survive the crisis.
公司设法渡过了危机。
survival n. 生存 the struggle/fight/ for ~
survivor n. 幸存者 the sole/only ~
3
Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures. Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that, which, who, whose or whom.
Pair work
EXAMPLE 1:
A: What's the rescue worker doing
B: She is feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.
EXAMPLE 2:
put/set up shelters 搭建避难所
in the open air 露天；在户外
A: What are three soldiers doing
B: They are putting up shelters in the open air.
A: Who are these shelters fixed for
B: They are fixed for people who have lost their homes in the disaster.
EXAMPLE 3:
rescue worker 救援人员
rescue dog 救援犬
A: What is the rescue worker doing
B: He is searching for those who have been trapped under the ruins with the help of the police dog.
A: Why is the dog part of rescue team
B: Because it can smell the injured out.
定语从句
先行词的确定
关系词的确定
关系词：who that which
that 和which的区别
介词+关系代词(共26张PPT)
人教 必修第一册
Unit 4
Period 1
Listening and Speaking
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
新 课 导 入
What can you see from this photo
2. What kinds of the natural disasters can you think of
(1）A troop of soldiers are rescuing an injured person.
（2）The houses are damaged and in ruins.
Earthquake，flood， typhoon…
1）能通过看、听，抓住听力材料中的重要细节；
2）能从听力材料中获取描述自然灾害的语言结构；
3）能用所获得的语言结构对一次自然灾害做一次报道。
课 堂 学 习
1
Watch the video Natural Disasters and look at the photos. Do you know what these disasters are. Write down their names.
1. _________________
2. _________________
tornado
tsunami
3. ___________
4. ___________
earthquake
wildfire
5. ____________
flood
2
Listen and tick
Listen to the news reports and tick the disasters that you hear.
earthquake
landslide
tornado
tsunami
wildfire
flood
drought
volcanic eruption
Listen for details
Think about what you are listening for before you listen: numbers, dates, times, addresses, activities, people or places, reasons, etc.
Strategy
Use key words and phrases in the question as alerts to help you find information.
(Key words are important words relevant to the thing you're listening for.)
Take bullet-point notes to help you remember everything.
3.1
Circle the key word(s) in the questions below and write the kind of information they refer to.
Question Type of Information
1. What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Ecuador number
2. How many people were killed and injured in Ecuador
3. Where are the floods
4. What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area
5. When did people see the tornado in Memphis
6. Which buildings were damaged in Seoul
7. What caused landslide in Seoul
number
place
activities
time
places
reasons
3.2
Listen again and answer the questions.
Question Type of Information Answer
1. What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Ecuador number
2. How many people were killed and injured in Ecuador number
3. Where are the floods place
4. What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area activities
5. When did people see the tornado in Memphis date
6. Which buildings were damaged in Seoul places
7. What caused landslide in Seoul reasons
7.8
230/ more than 1500 people.
In central China.
Making sure of people's safety; Bring food and water to homeless people.
Saturday 12 August.
A library and a supermarket.
The heavy rain.
Key words
1. disaster / d zɑ st (r) / n. 灾难；灾害
a natural disaster 自然灾害
an air disaster 空难
environmental disasters 环境灾难
e.g. Thousands of people died in the natural disaster.
数千人在这场自然灾害中丧生。
2. drought / dra t / n. 干旱
drought control 抗旱，防旱
e.g. This is one of the worst droughts on record.
这是有记载以来最严重的旱灾之一。
3. volcanic eruption / v l k n k 'r p ( )n / n. 火山喷发
e.g. The place was recently visited by a serious volcanic eruption. 这地方最近遇到了一次火山大爆发。
Key words
4. flood / fl d / n. 洪水；大量
e.g. Police have issued flood warnings for Nevada.
警方已经发布了内华达的水灾警告。
a flood of complaints 大量投诉
vt. （使）灌满水，淹没 ~sth
e.g. The river flooded the valley. 河水泛滥淹没了河谷。
vi. 淹没；大量涌入
e.g. Refugees continue to flood into neighboring countries.
难民不断涌入邻国。
Key words
5. rescue / reskju / n./vt. 营救，救援
rescue workers/boats/helicopters
救援人员／船只／直升机
e.g. We had given up hope of rescue.
我们那时已经放弃了获救的希望。
~ sb/sth from sth/sb
e.g. They were eventually rescued by helicopter.
他们最后被直升机救走了。
e.g. You rescued me from an embarrassing situation.
我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。
Key words
6. damage / d m d / v. 损害；毁坏 ～sb/sth
e.g. Smoking seriously damages your health. 吸烟严重损害人体健康。
e.g. The fire badly damaged the town hall. 火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏。
n. 损坏；损失 ~ to sb/sth
serious/severe/extensive/minor damage
重大的/ 严重的/大范围的/轻微的损坏
e.g. The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $6 million.
地震造成大约 600 万美元的财产损失。
Key words
4
Reporting
Read about the disasters below and prepare a short news report on one of them. Then present your news report to your partner.
EXAMPLE:
Good morning. Today is 13 May. A huge earthquake hit Wenchuan, China yesterday afternoon...
4
Present your news report to the class.
7. destroy / d str / v. 摧毁；毁灭 ~sb/sth
e.g. They've destroyed all the evidence. 他们销毁了一切证据。
e.g. The building was completely destroyed by fire.
这栋建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。
destroyer n. 驱逐舰；破坏者
destroy: 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。
damage: 多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。
Key words
8. affect / fekt / v. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 ~ sb/sth
e.g. Your opinion will not affect my decision.你的意见不会影响我的决定。
e.g. He was affected by a terrible disease. 他感染了一种可怕的疾病。
e.g. They were deeply affected by the movie. 他们被这部电影深深打动了。
effect / fekt / n. 影响；结果 ~ on sb/sth
have an effect on sb/sth
e.g. The layout of the book has an effect on students' interests of learning.
书本的布局影响学生的学习兴趣。
What's the difference between AFFECT and EFFECT
“To influence”
“The result of influence”
9. shelter / elt (r) / n. 居所，住所；避难所
take shelter from the storm 躲避暴风雨
a night shelter for the homeless
无家可归者夜间收容所
an animal shelter 动物收容处
v. 保护，掩蔽
e.g. Trees shelter the house from the wind. 树给房子挡住了风。
Pronunciation
1
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the letters in bold.
pipe brick
think they
truly draw
tend death
campus amaze
events friends
keen glory
flash garage
fond view
French bridge
2
Read the words aloud. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the -ed endings. Then write the words in the boxes.
begged
exchanged
pretended
breathed
helped
reserved
described
laughed
shocked
concentrated
learned
viewed
confused
depended
watched
debated
embarrassed
wished
/ t /
helped, laughed, embarrassed, shocked, watched, wished
/ d /
begged, breathed, described, confused, exchanged, learned, reserved, viewed
/ d /
concentrated, debated, depended, pretended
规律：-ed在清辅音后面读：/t/
规律：-ed在浊辅音后面读：/d/
规律：-ed在/t/和/d/后面读：/ d/
通过本节课的学习，学会了通过看、听，抓住听力材料中的重要细节以及能用所获得的语言结构对一次自然灾害做一次报道。(共28张PPT)
人教 必修第一册
Unit 4
Period 6
Assessing Your Progress & Project
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
新 课 导 入
In this unit, what natural disasters did you learn about
What other natural disasters did you know
Earthquake, flood, wildfire, landslide, tsunami,
tornado, hurricane, drought and volcanic eruption.
Snowstorm, avalanche (雪崩), sandstorm ...
1）通过完成语言知识部分的检测题，了解自己对于本单元重点单词和语法结构的掌握情况；
2）通过自主完成Reflecting部分的自我反思与评价，总结学习效果，及时发现问题并优化自己的学习策略；
3）能根据研究的结果、用所学语言结构对自然灾害做陈述。
课 堂 学 习
Circle the correct word in each sentence.
1
The tornado that hit Mississippi last week caused a lot of damage/destroy.
The mother thanked the rescue/save worker who found her baby.
According to experts, the volcano could crash/erupt this week.
Thousands of people are suffering/trapping from illnesses after the disaster.
damage n. 损坏；破坏
rescue worker 救援人员
erupt v. （火山）爆发
suffer from 遭受（疾病）
Assessing Your Progress
An emergency delivery/supply of food was transported to the area by the army.
The earthquake affected/effected an area of several hundred square kilometres.
During a natural disaster, the most important thing is to keep calm/quiet.
“She's still breathing/surviving! Come and help me dig her out!” shouted the soldier.
supply n. 补给品
affect v. 影响
calm adj. 镇静的
breathe v. 呼吸
2
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with relative pronouns.
The people _________ live in Wenchuan county will never forget the day 12 May, 2008. The 8.0-magnitude earthquake __________ killed over 80,000 people and left many more injured turned many towns and counties into ruins. The rescue work __________ followed was carried out by people from all over the country, and even abroad.
who
which/that
that/which
Now, more than 10 years on, the people _________ suffered the earthquake are living a new life. Many live in new towns __________ are earthquake-safe, in local communities ___________ have been beautifully rebuilt by the government. The people will never forget those _________ rescued them and helped them rebuild their home. Out of gratitude, many young adults _________ were students during the earthquake have chosen to study medicine or join the army in a wish to help more people. Wenchuan, the county ___________ was completely destroyed and then completely rebuilt, has become a symbol of the Chinese spirit of never giving up.
who
that/which
that/which
who
who
which/that
Read the passage again and find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1: ___________________________________
___________________________________
Paragraph 2: ___________________________________
People in Wenchuan never forget the earthquake
on 12 May, 2008.
People are living a new life now.
1.What did you learn about natural disasters in this unit that you did not know before
2.What else do you want to know about natural disasters
3.What did you find the most difficult in this unit
4.What in this unit motivated you most
5.Overall, I thought this unit was:
interesting useful so-so difficult
Reflceting
1
BRAINSTORM. Work in groups of three or four. Choose one of the natural disasters below and brainstorm answers to the questions.
Project:Give a presentation on natural disasters
Understanding the disaster
Are there any known causes of the disaster
What can be done to prevent it
Preparing for the disaster
What are the possible effects of the disaster
What can be done to prepare for it
In the event of a disaster
What can you do to stay safe during the disaster
What kind of help do survivors need
Sample
1. Understanding the Wildfire
1. Understanding the Wildfire
2. Preparing for the Wildfire
2. Preparing for the Wildfire
3. In the Event of the Wildfire
What kind of help do survivors need
3. In the Event of the Wildfire
2
RESEARCH. Which questions do you not know the answers to Which ones do you need more information on Use the Internet or your school library to find out more.
3
ORGANISE. Put together a presentation using the information you have gathered. Use the tips below to help you.
·Start your presentation with a "hook" (a story or fact to catch the
attention of your listeners).
On Monday, 5 September 20XX, 600 people disappeared when ...
·Reduce your ideas to three main points to help listeners remember
what you say.
So always remember to drop, cover, and hold on. ...
·Prepare visual aids for your presentation (photos, charts, tables, etc.).
4
PRESENT. Give a group presentation to your class.
Read the sentences about the formation(组成) and effects of tsunamis. Then match each sentence with the correct picture.
A. Tectonic plates push together.
B. A series of waves expands in all directions.
C. Whole sections of cities are destroyed.
A
C
B
地壳板块
v. 延展，延申
朝四面八方
n. 部分
Before you watch
Tsunami: Killer Wave
Tsunami waves can strike out of nowhere and cause a lot of destruction. Scientists study and track tsunamis in order to warn people and minimise deaths.
While you watch
1 Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. There are few warning signs just before a tsunami hits.
2. A tsunami breaks just like an ordinary wave but is bigger.
3. Scientists at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center monitor the earth’s movements 24 hours a day in order to track tsunami.
A tsunami wave doesn’t break like an ordinary wave.
T
F
T
2 Circle the correct word(s) in each sentence.
1. An earthquake occurs when plates below the earth’s surface push together/pull apart.
2. Tsunami waves deep at sea move fast and rise only a few/
hundreds of feet.
3. As these killer waves enter shallow waters, their speed is reduced/raised.
4. Most tsunami damage is caused when the waves come in from/move back out to the sea.
After you watch
Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
1. What have you learnt about tsunamis
They aren’t noticeable or strong until they hit the coast.
dangerous
destructive
deadly
disastrous
sudden
2. What kind of help do you think people who have suffered from a tsunami need
They need food, water, shelter, etc. They may also need medical help and emotional help if they have lost loved ones.
Let’s watch another video about tsunami.
We have reviewed the vocabulary and the restrictive relative clauses. Doing the project—give a presentation on natural disasters and watching the video —Tsunami:Killer Wave let us know how to survive from disasters better.(共26张PPT)
人教 必修第一册
Unit 4
Period 4
Listening and Talking
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
新 课 导 入
Watch a short video. Think about what you can learn from it.
What can you learn from the short video
During an earthquake, we should:
Drop, cover, and hold on.
Stay away from trees, power lines and walls.
Avoid windows and elevators.
Avoid overpasses.
... ...
新 课 导 入
1）能听懂和梳理灾害来临前的准备工作相关语言结构；
2）能用所学语言结构对灾害准备工作给出合理建议。
课 堂 学 习
We cannot stop natural disasters,but we can arm ourselves with knowledge. We can prepare for a disaster from the three perspectives below.
1. before a natural disaster
2. during a natural disaster
3. after a natural disaster
1
Mrs Fors is a rescue worker. She and her dog, Lucky, are visiting a senior high school. Listen to the conversation and complete the table below.
Before an earthquake Make a safety list of ___________, ___________, and _____________.
During an earthquake (in a building) Remember to “_______, _______, and _________”
During an earthquake (outdoors) Go to a(n) ______ space away from _____________, or power lines.
After an earthquake (if you're trapped) Use a(n) __________ to get help.
Tap on a pipe or ______ or whistle for help.
what to do
where to go
who to contact
drop
cover
hold on
open
buildings, trees
cell phone
a wall
Answer the following questions.
Do you agree or disagree Mrs Fors’ opinions about natural disasters
Script: Well, there's no way to prevent earthquakes and storms. But if we prepare, we can keep them from becoming disasters that kill or injure people.
Because there's no regular signs before the natural disasters.
Because the advancement of technology will make it possible to predict the natural disasters.
What does “drop, cover, and hold on” mean Show them out.
Drop down onto your hands and knees, cover your head with your hands, and hold on to the desk or table so it doesn't move away from you.
Key words
1. power / pa (r) / n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
~ over sb/sth ~ to do sth
e.g. The aim is to give people more power over their own lives.
目的是让人们更能主宰自己的生活。
e.g. He has the power to make things very unpleasant for us.
他掌握着我们的命运，可以把我们搞得狼狈不堪。
in power 执政；掌权
take/seize/lose power 掌握/夺取/失去政权
e.g. The present regime has been in power for two years.
现政权已经执政两年了。
Key words
2. pipe / pa p / n. 管子；管道
hot/cold water pipes 热、冷水管
v. 用管道输送 ~ sth (+adv./prep.)
e.g. Water is piped from the reservoir to the city.
水用管子从水库输送到城市。
tap on the pipe 在管道上轻敲
tap (away) (at sth)
tap sb/sth
e.g. Ralph tapped me on the shoulder. 拉尔夫轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀。
3. calm / kɑ m / adj. 镇静的；沉着的
keep/remain calm 保持冷静
e.g. It is important to keep calm in an emergency.
情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。
v. 使平静；使镇静 ~ sb/sth
calm (sb) down 使（某人）镇静下来
e.g. Have some tea, it'll calm your nerves.
喝点茶吧，这会使你紧张的神经松弛下来。
Key words
Language points
To be ready, we should make a safety list of what to do, where to go, and who to contact.
1. “疑问词+不定式结构”
不定式可以和疑问代词what, which, who及疑问副词where, why, how连用，构成不定式短语，在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等成分，例如：
How to deal with the problem is the most important thing now. (作主语)
Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. (作宾语)
The question is how to get there. (作表语)
2
Work in pairs. Choose a disaster and prepare a list of safety instructions. The expressions below may help you.
Pair work
◎First /First of all, you should…
◎Stay calm.
◎Don’t drive or walk outside.
◎Collect water or food if you can.
◎Cover your…
◎Listen to the news.
◎Move to a safe place.
◎Finally, ...
◎Call an emergency number.
◎Stay away from ...
◎Make sure ...
◎Stay indoors.
Giving instructions
Brainstorming: Choose a disaster and think about related safety instructions.
earthquake flood wildfire tsunami
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE 1:
First, don't panic. You should stay calm. Move to a safe place. Remember to drop, cover and hold on. Then find a way out after the earthquake. Stay away from buildings and power lines. Finally, go to an assembly point.
EXAMPLE 2:
First of all, listen to the news. Turn off the power in the house. Don't drive into flooded areas. Then wear your waterproof clothes and climb to the roof. Finally, move to a safe place.
Imperative Sentences (祈使句)
祈使句是表达说话人的意愿、请求、叮嘱、号召、命令或建议的句子。他的主语you(听话人)通常省略，谓语动词用原形，句子末尾用感叹号或句号，例如：
Make sentences after the model.
Be careful when crossing the street.
Let him go back now.
Language points
Imperative Sentences (祈使句)
Negative Imperative (祈使句的否定形式)
1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加上Don't，构成“Don't + 行为动词原形 + 其他成分”的结构，例如：
Don't say that again! 别再那样说了！
2. 在be动词引起的肯定句式前加上Don't，构成“Don't be+ 其他成分（形容、名词或介词短语等）”的结构，例如：
Don't be careless. 不要粗心。
Negative Imperative (祈使句的否定形式)
3. Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在let前加Don't，也可在let后宾格的名词或代词后加not；如果是以Let's开头的祈使句，必须在let's后加not，例如：
Don't let me go with her tomorrow. = Let me not go with her tomorrow.
Let's not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.
4. 在公共场合的提示语中否定祈使句常用“No + 名词/V-ing”结构，表示“禁止做某事”，例如：
No photos! / No smoking!
Discussion
3
Having an emergency kit prepared is also very important. Look at the emergency supplies below. Discuss with your partner what else you would add.
To supplement energy
To call out to rescue workers
To see something in the night
To collect information
To get medical care
4
Report to the class the safety instructions you listed and then explain what emergency supplies people should keep on hand.
EXAMPLE:
If you find yourself in danger from a forest fire, first of all, stay calm. Cover your face with ... Then go to a safe place if you can. ...
Now for our emergency supplies, we would suggest always having on hand enough water and food for three days, a radio, ...
Safety Instructions and Emergency Kits:
EXAMPLE:
If you find yourself in danger from a forest fire, first of all, stay calm. Cover your face with wet towel. Then go to a safe place if you can. Run into the wind if the wind is blowing toward you.
Now for our emergency supplies, we would suggest always having on hand enough water and food for three days, a radio, flashlights and whistles.
We have learned how to prepare for a disaster. Such as preparing a list of safety instructions, having an emergency kit.
