中考英语二轮语法专项复习课件 第14讲 主谓一致

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第十四讲 主谓一致
中考英语专项复习
1.理解掌握主谓一致的三个原则；
2.灵活使用主谓一致的原则。
学习目标
一 主 谓 一 致
英语中，主语和谓语要保持一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和数的变化而变化叫主谓一致。
主谓一致必须遵循三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
（1）语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常从语法形式上保持一致， 即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也要用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语动词也要用复数形式。
Jenny has made great progress in Chinese since she came to China
(Jenny 是单数作主语，因此谓语动词相应的用单数形式）
The children are playing football over there（the children 是复数名词作主语，谓语动词也要用复数形式)
①当主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Tea is more popular in China.
The man under the tree is his father.
He gets up at 7：00 every morning.
To read English aloud is necessary for a student.
Doing eye exercises every day is good for your eyes.
What he said has been recorded.
【注意】what引导的主语从句其后面的谓语动词大多数情况下用单数形式，但如果what引导的主语从句表语是复数，或what 从句由两个（以上）的动词，或what从句
是表示复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What we badly need are doctors
What I say and think are none of your business
②主语是可数名词复数、复数代词，谓语动词用复数形式。
Some boys are playing football over there.
They have lived here for 10 years
③由and连接的两个并列成分作主语，谓语通常用复数
Mr Smith and Mrs Smith have a daughter called Mary.
and 连接的两个并列主语前由each，every，no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数
No boy and no girl was absent.
Each boy and each girl has got a book.
Every man and every woman is at work.
④“both of +名词/代词复数”， 表示“……两者都”谓语动词用复数式,both...and...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数
Both he and I are going to Beijing this weekend.
Both of his parents are doctors
⑤当主语后面由as well as， along with，including， with，together with，like，but，except，besides，more than，no less than，rather than等单词和短语时，谓语动词不受这些短语和单词的影响，仍然与主语保持一致。
The teacher，with all his students，is going to have a picnic this weekend
The students，together with their teacher，are going to have a picnic this weekend
The students as well as the teacher were there.
Jack with his mother has been to China.
Ross, like his father, enjoys playing the piano.
⑥a lot of，lots of，most of，any of，half of，some of，the rest of，all of，plenty of,分数/百分数of等后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但后接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday.
Three quarters of the students in the school are girls
Two thirds of the bread is eaten by the mouse. 。
⑦several，few，a few，many，others等修饰可数名词作主语，或由它们本身作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 much, little, a little（只能修饰不可数名词）等修饰不可数名词时谓语动词用单数
⑧all, none, any, some, more和most要是修饰单数名词，谓语动词用单数; 若是修饰复数名词，就用复数动词.
Most of the apple is bad. 这个苹果大部分是坏的。
Most of the apples are bad. 这些苹果大部分是坏的。
None of this money is yours. 没有一分钱是你的
None of the people here are teachers. 这里没有一个人是老师
Several friends were invited to the party. 几个朋友被邀请参加聚会
文本信息
⑨不定代词one，every，each，either，neither，one, the other, another及复合不定代词（somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing）等作主语的时候，谓语动词用单数
Each of us has a new book.
Something is wrong with him.
I tried on two dresses，but neither fits me
⑩由“none/either/neither+of+复数名词(或代词)”构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可。取决于说话人想表达的意思，当说话人侧重于“每一个都不……”或“两个中的任何一个都不……”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者侧重于“所有的都不……”或“两个中的全部都不……”时，谓语动词用复数。
文本信息
None is as good as he. (强调每一个人)
None know what happened. (强调所有的人) 没人知道发生了什么。
None of them have / has a car. 他们都没有小汽车。（他们没有一个人有小汽车。）
Neither of them know / knows the correct answer. 他们两个全都不知道正确答案。（他们两个人谁也不知道正确答案。）
字母、符号或某个单词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
“Hers” is a possessive pronoun.“hers”是个物主代词。
B is the second letter of the English alphabet（字母表）.
文本信息
many a...，more than one...作主语时，尽管意义上表示的是复数，但谓语动词要用单数，不过more+复数名词+than one作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式
More than one person has made the suggestion
Many a student has been to Beijing. 许多学生去过北京
More students than one have read the book
“one of+名词/代词复数”，表示“……之一”，谓语动词用单数形式。
One of my students comes from China.
“a number of +复数名词”许多.....，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。“the number of +复数名词”....的数量，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A number of students in this class are from Beijing.
The number of students in our class is 40.
一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers，glasses，scissors, shoes, gloves, chopsticks, clothes，作主语时谓语动词用复数。但这类词前用了pair修饰，组成a pair of...，two pairs of.. 的短语，谓语动词的单复数形式由pair的单复数形式决定
The trousers are mine
This pair of glasses is very expensive
Two pairs of shoes are enough for me.
其它类似的特殊的量词修饰普通名词时
如含有piece(条，块)， set（套）， kind(种类）,cup，row，basket，box等词修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数而定。
A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.
Many kinds of snakes are found in Africa.
一般来讲，关系代词that, who, which等在从句作主语时，定语从句的谓语在人称与数方面应与前面的先行词保持一致。从句前若为one of +复数名词，从句谓语动词用复数形式。从句前为the（only）one of +复数名词。从句谓语动词用单数。
The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to Jack.
Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.
Buenos Aires is one of the world capitals that are famous for its busy harbour.(港口）
布宜诺斯艾利斯是以繁忙的港口而闻名的国家首都之一
He is the only one of those workers who is able to do this job.
二 意义一致原则
意义一致原则指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。
有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义用复数形式
而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义用单数形式。
输入标题文本信息
标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改。文字数字大小颜色参考此模板
（1）由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念，同一个人或事物时，则谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher and writer has produced many works（老师兼作家）
War and peace is constant （永恒的）peace in history.
（2）一些形复意单的名词如news，以ics结尾的学科如physics(物理学），mathematics (maths), politics（政治学), economics（经济学），虽然形式上是复数名词，但实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
Maths is very diffcult for some students.
（3)当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，片名，格言，剧名，报纸，杂志，节日及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，有的形式上是复数形式，但要作为整体，谓语动词用单
（3）一些表总称的形单意复的词如people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等作主语，当作复数看，谓语动词用复数.
The police have caught the man.
People here are very friendly.
【注意】形单意复的名词有些变复数形式后意义不同。如peoples多个民族
数形式。
The United States is a developed country.
The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.
（4）某些单复同形的名词作主语时，按照意义一致的原则，
表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；表示复数意义时，谓语动词则用复数形式。此类名词有：sheep, deer, fish以-ese结尾的表示民族的名词等。
There are many fish in the river.
That blacek sheep was lost yesterday.
A Japanese is coming to visit the factory tomorrow.
means 作名词时，方式，方法，手段，单复数同形，其谓语动词根据句意来去确定。 若means与a，such a，this，that，every等词连用，则谓语动词用单数；若means与such，these，those，all等词连用，则谓语动词是复数。
One means is still to be tried. 有一种办法还没有试行。
All means have been used to get him to change his mind. 为了转变他的想法，所有的办法都用过了。
有时用作主语其单复数意思不明，则谓语可用单数或复数。如：
Is [Are] there any other means of doing it 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗
The end is good, but the means is [are] bad. 结局是很好，但采取的手段是不好的。
（5）集体名词作主语时，如果视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数，如果侧重其中的个体成员，谓语动词用复数。此类集体名词有class，crowd，family，group，public，team，couple，club，company，poputation，government（政府)等
有些集体名词如people，police，cattle一般总看成复数。
The public are/is requested not to go out. 请公众不要外出
Our family is a happy one. 我们是个幸福的家庭。
His family are waiting for him.他的家人在等他
【注意】population 人口，单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
但前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。
The population of China is growing.
Three quarters of the population are Chinese.
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（6）表示时间，金额，距离，体积，重量，面积，长度等的词组作主语时，通常看作为整体，谓语动词用单数。
Eighty dollars is enough for a student.
Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.
(7)the+形容词“作主语时， 指一类人时，如（the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the dead, the sick, the brave)谓语动词用复数形式。指抽象概念谓语动词用单数。
谓语动词用单数。“the+姓氏名词的复数形式”表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”，做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The new is sure to take place of the old. 新生事物一定会代替旧事物
The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.
(8）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于它本身的含义。
Who teaches you history 谁教你们老师
Which is your book 哪一本是你的书
Which are your books 哪几本是你的书
（9）数词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。但在四则运算中，加法和乘法的谓语动词用单数和复数都可以，减法和除法要用单数形式。
Five is an odd number.(奇数）
Fifteen divided by five is seven. 15除以5等于3。
Five minus two is three. 5减2等于3。
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输入文本信息
five times six is / are thirty. 五乘六等于三十。
Thirteen plus seven is/are twenty. 十三加七等于二十。
（10）名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
The doctor’s is across the street. 诊所在街道的对面。
My uncle’s is not far from here. 我叔叔家离这儿不远。
三 就近一致的原则
就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近的作主语的动词保持一致
（1）常见的词如由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but… ，whether…or ...连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词的形式。
Neither i or they are responsible for the result
Not only you but(also) he is wrong.
（2）there be句型be动词单复数取决于be后面的主语。但如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则be应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There is a bird and two boys in the tree.
There are some apples and a bird in the tree.
(3) here be 结构中
Here are som apples for you
Here is a pen and some books for you
Here are some books an a pen for you
四 实 战 演 练
1．（2023年甘肃省武威市中考英语真题）There ________ a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
4．（2023年四川省自贡市中考英语真题）— What’s your plan for the coming Dragon Boat Festival
— Most of us ______ ready to make zongzi.
A．is B．are C．have
A
B
3．（2022年西藏中考英语真题）The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four.
A．be B．is C．are D．am
4．（2022年湖北省黄石市中考英语真题）There ________ a volleyball game next Saturday. If it ________ we’ll have to put it off.
A．is going to be; rains B．is going to be; will rain
C．is going to have; will rain D．is going to have; rains
B
A
5．________ my mum ________ my dad has gone to work. I am left alone at home.
A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Not only; but also D．Both; and
C
6．（2022年湖南省湘西州中考英语真题）There ________ only one earth but billions of (数十亿) people in the world, so we should protect the earth.
A．have B．is C．are
B
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