盐城中学高一年级第二次阶段性质量检测
英语试题(2023.12)
试卷说明:本场考试时间120分钟，总分150分。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who will take the woman home today
A. Jane. B. Tommy. C. Eric.
2. What paying method does Tim mostly suggest
A. Bank cards. B. We Chat pay. C. Credit cards.
3. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A festival. B. An ancestor. C. A kind of food.
4. When does the woman’s flight takeoff
A. This Friday. B. This Saturday. C. This Sunday.
5. What does the woman mean
A. She wants to swim. B. It’s extremely hot outside. C. Swimming is good for health.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. Why did the man choose the cafe around the corner
A. For its better taste.
B. For its lower price.
C. For its shorter distance.
7. How much will the woman pay
A. 10 dollars. B. 16 dollars. C. 20 dollars.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What job may the man want
A. A waiter. B. A lab assistant. C. A science tutor.
9. Where can the man get information about the jobs
A. In his school lab. B. From his teachers. C. On the university website.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What’s happened to the woman’s T-shirt
A. It becomes pink. B. It becomes dirty. C. It becomes smaller.
11. What does the woman want the man to do
A. Dry-clean the T-shirt. B. Throwaway the label. C. Follow the instructions.
12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Boss and employee. B. Husband and wife. C. Teacher and student.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. What is the woman doing
A. Driving a car. B. Seeing a doctor. C. Watching TV.
14. Why is the woman glad
A. Her sight is better than before. B. She needn’t wear glasses anymore.
C. Nothing more serious happens to her.
15. What does the man advise the woman to do
A. Use computers less. B. Take off her glasses. C. Do eye exams regularly.
16. What is the woman’s attitude towards wearing glasses
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Ambiguous.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What’s “Interesting Culture”
A. A radio program. B. A school lecture. C. A social organization.
18. Where does a person sing songs in western karaoke
A. At a table. B. On a stage. C. In a room.
19. Who usually controls the songs in western karaoke
A. The DJ. B. The singer. C. The audience.
20. How does a singer choose songs in China’s karaoke
A. By turning to the DJ. B. By writing on a paper. C. By selecting on a screen.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Four Shows to See
Falcons: The Art of the Hunt
The hunting training of falcons (猎鹰) has long been attractive to humans.Aslongagoasearly8th-century Syria, falcons were being trained to become skilful hunters for the royal courts (皇家庭院). The practice spread across the world. A news how in the National Museum of Asian Art collects paintings and objects from ancient Egypt to China celebrating the hunting power of the birds. (Jan. 15-Jul. 17, 2022).
Iké Udé: Nollywood Portraits
The success of Nigeria’s Film industry has also meant the rise of charm and famous people in what is called Nollywood. Iké Udé returned to Lagos, the largest part of Nigeria, in 2014 after three decades as an artist in New York City to photograph the leading stars, often in costumes from their films, as well as directors and producers in the $3 billion industry. The result reflects the changing nature of African identity in the 21st century. (Opens Feb.5, 2022)
Preston Singletary: Raven and the Box of Daylight
Pacific Northwest music and projects accompany (伴随) a major show at the National Museum of the American Indian by Tlingit glass artist Preston Singletary. Organised by the artist with the Museum of Glass in Tacoma, Washington, it was originally supposed to open in the fall of 2020. The show tells the story of Raven and his efforts to change the world by bringing light to people from the stars, moon and sun. (Jan, 28, 2022-Jan. 29,2023).
Baseball: America’s Home Run
This show features hundreds of U.S. and international stamps remembering baseball’s finest players. First organised to mark the 150th anniversary (周年庆) of professional baseball in 2019. “Baseball: America’s Home Run” will feature some historic objects that have never appeared on public show. (Apr.9-Sep.25, 2022)
1. What can you enjoy in National Museum of Asian Art
A. Expert hunting skills.
B. Introduction to famous hunters.
C. The hunting life of royal families.
D. The collections of the hunting power of falcons.
2. Which show may tell inspirational stories
A. Falcons: The Art of the Hunt.
B. Iké Udé: Nollywood Portraits.
C Preston Singletary: Raven and the Box of Daylight.
D. Baseball: America’s Home Run.
3. What is special about Baseball: America’s Home Run
A. It will focus on valuable stamps. B. It will put sports and art together.
C. It will stress the features of baseball. D. It will give people a new experience.
B
Inside а tiny shop in Manchester, Adam Birce carefully carves at а woodblock. He looks carefully at each piece to ensure they fit and match before gently setting them together. Adam Birce, the owner of Four Strings, restores stringed instruments like violins and his passion is in restoring and appreciating what has already been crafted and loved.
Birce started playing the violin in grade school and grew to truly appreciate it. He played semiprofessionally out of high school and later got his degree in music at Virginia Commonwealth University as a violinist. After graduating, he landed a job selling violins. “As fate would have it, I was asked by my employer to learn to fix violins 15 years ago,” he says. “I soon moved off on my own to do restoration.” Since 2014, he’s been on a mission with Four Strings to provide excellent fine-instrument restoration for the commonwealth.
Violin restoration isn’t a self-taught skill. Each summer for the past decade, Birce has traveled to the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts for up to two weeks to study under famous violin restoration expert Hans J. Nebel. Here, students learn everything from delicate edging repair to violin identification. “A lot of the work itself is learning as you go,” Birce says. “It’s a lot of problem-solving and critical thinking, like coming up with a woodworking context.”
How long а job takes varies. “Most are about 3-6 months for major work, unless a full top-to-bottom restoration is needed, which can take even longer,” Birce explains. “I leave that up to the client if they want to commit to that.” One of his longest jobs was working on a Scottish violin from the early 1800s that had been water-damaged. “I had to use every skill in my toolbox to fix it,” Birce laughingly recalls. “It was a very onerous job.”
If there’s one thing to be learned from Birce’s passion, it’s that each violin is unique in its own right. He compares the fine instruments market to the fine arts market. “A lot of these instruments are fine art,” he says. “I kind of say this is a Picasso I’m playing or a Degas. I’ve worked on a few, which is always a joy.”
4. What does the author think of violin restoration
A. It’s effortless. B. It’s self-taught.
C. It’s boring. D. It’s highly professional.
5. What mainly determines the time spent on restoring a violin
A. How powerful the tools are. B. Its condition and the client’s needs.
C. What material it’s made of. D. Its client’s pay for the restorer.
6. Which of the following best explains “onerous” underlined in paragraph 4
A. Abnormal. B. Enjoyable. C. Encouraging. D. Demanding.
7. What does the last paragraph intend to show
A. Birce’s passion for art. B. Birce’s impact on the market.
C. Birce’s feelings about the job. D. Birce’s advice on violin restoration.
C
Ada Palmer is a professor of European history at the University of Chicago. Her science-fiction series, Terra Ignota, was inspired by 18th-century philosophers such as Voltaire and Diderot. “I wanted to write a story that Voltaire might have written if Voltaire had be enable to read the last 70 years’ worth of science fiction and have all of those tools available (可获得的) for his use,” Palmer says in a radio program called Geek’s Guide to the Galaxy.
Palmer says that Voltaire could actually be considered the first sci-fic writer, thanks to a place he wrote in 1752. “Voltaire has a short story called Micromégas, in which an alien from Saturn and an alien from a star near Sirius come to Earth. They are extremely big in size. They explore Earth and have trouble finding life forms because to them a whale is the size of a flea (跳蚤)”, she says. They eventually realize that the tiny little spot of wood on the ground is a ship, and it’s full of living things, including humans, and they make contact. So it’s a first-contact story.
Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel Frankenstein is often considered the first sci-fi novel. Voltaire was writing much earlier than Shelley, so should he have the title instead It depends on your definition (定义) of science fiction. “Micromégas doesn’t involve technology,” Palmer says, “so if you define science fiction as depending upon technology—and being about, in the Frankenstein sense. Is man’s knowledge giving us access to powers beyond what we’ve had before What does that mean ’—it isn’t asking that. But ‘aliens and first contact’ is a very significant science fictional element.”
So there’s no obvious answer to the question of who should be considered the first sci-fi writer. Palmer says it’s more important to ask the question than to arrive at any particular answer. “I don’t want to argue, ‘Yes, definitely, everybody’s histories of science fiction should start with Voltaire,” she says. “But I do want to argue that everybody’s histories of science fiction will be richer by discussing whether Voltaire is the beginning of science fiction, or whether it’s earlier or whether it’s later. Because that gets at the question of what science fiction is.”
8. What do we know about Micromégas according to the text
A. It is widely accepted as a science-fiction story.
B It has a big influence on today’s science fiction.
C. Its main characters have trouble finding humans.
D. Its content is about humans’ exploration of space.
9 Why does Ada Palmer regard Voltaire as a sci-fi writer
A. One of his stories focuses on technology. B. His story involves aliens from other planets.
C. He described human-alien contact in a story. D. Her science fiction was inspired by his writing.
10. What does Ada Palmer really want to discuss when it comes to science fiction
A. Its true origin. B. What it can cover.
C. Its colourful expressions. D. Why it is interesting.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text
A Ada Palmer and science fiction. B. Was Voltaire the first sci-fi author
C. Technology’s role in science fiction. D. What is science fiction really about
D
Any parent of growing teenagers knows their kids’ appetite (食欲) can be extremely large. Now, imagine having a young dinosaur checking the fridge. The out size appetites of growing dinosaurs reshaped food chains in their environment and crowded out other carnivores (食肉动物), according to a new study.
Most groups of animals have many small-sized species, somewhat fewer medium-sized species and the fewest large-sized species. However, the extinct dinosaurs—especially carnivores had plenty of species no bigger than modern-day chickens and also many extremely big species, but few medium-sized ones.
Scientists wondered whether teen dinosaurs crowded out medium-sized adults by taking advantage of the habitats and food sources those species might have taken. To test the idea, Katlin Schroeder, a Ph. D. student at the University of New Mexico (UNM), combed a global collection of data to determine the size of more than 550 dinosaur species in 43 ancient ecosystems.
“In most communities, plant-eating dinosaurs were in multifarious sizes. But carnivores were completely different,” Schroeder says. Plant-eating dinosaurs came in a range of sizes, while carnivorous dinosaurs between 100 and 1, 000 kilograms were quite rare. “The size of the carnivorous dinosaur is surprising. It’s as if you went to the savanna, a large flat area of grassy land, and saw nothing in size between a small fox and a lion,” Schroeder says. “Patterns in all the dinosaur communities studied are very similar. We saw the gap in species’ sizes for years, but never measured it.”
Schroeder and paleontologists Eelisa Smith of UNM and Kathleen Lyons of the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, modeled the role that young carnivorous dinosaurs might have played in ecosystems. “If the teen dinosaurs are really using up this space, how many of them would you expect ” Smith says. Their study showed that “the teenagers fill the gap,” she says. “If you fill them in, then you get a community that looks like what you’d expect.”
“The effect maybe stronger in meat eaters because each carnivorous dinosaur species hatched (孵化) from small eggs; then they grew very quickly. They had to change diets and hunting methods to adapt to their new sizes and compete with a range of other species along the way,” Erickson, another scientist, says.
“The study’s stress on how animals’ niches (生态位) can change as they grow offers fresh understandings,” says Mike Benton, a scientist at the University of Bristol.
12. How does the author bring up the topic of the text
A. By showing an example. B. By making a comparison.
C. By starting a discussion. D. By offering an explanation.
13. What confuses scientists about the extinct dinosaurs
A. Whether they lived in large communities.
B. Why young dinosaurs had out size appetites.
C. Why there were fewer medium-sized species.
D. How they adapted to the environment change.
14. What does the underlined word “multifarious” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Similar. B. Large. C. Reasonable. D. Various.
15. What does Erickson want to stress in the last but one paragraph
A. The impact of carnivorous dinosaurs’ appetite on their sizes.
B The competitive living environment of carnivorous dinosaurs.
C. The relation between food variety and dinosaurs’ survival ability.
D. The role of eating habits in carnivorous dinosaurs’ hunting methods.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In ancient times, people tracked the seasons by following the lunar months. Many times, the names of the moons were related with what features the seasons had.____16____It is a special name with a history dating back to Native American tribes (部落). The name is also thought to have a Celtic origin, brought over to North America by European settlers.
Regardless of where the name Wolf Moon comes from, wolves howl (嚎叫) to communicate over long distances both in North America and in Europe. It is a way of saying “here I am” to the rest of the pack or “stay away” to enemies.____17____As the late summer moves towards fall, wolves call more and more to neighbors and enemies.
____18____However, howls by a pack can last from 30 to 120 second, and longer during the breeding (繁殖) season. As a result, wolves are particularly loud in the first month of the year.____19____
Science has not shown that the Moon phase (月相) plays any particular part in the calls of wolves, but wolves are animals that are in general more active at night.____20____They point their faces toward the sky because projecting their howls upward carries the sound farther.
A. They are energetic in January.
B. Wolves howl in the direction of the Moon.
C. In spring and early summer, wolves howl to seek mates.
D. An average howl from a single wolf lasts from 3 to 7 seconds.
E. That is probably why people related January with howling wolves.
F. It doesn’t quite fit in with the traditional Full Moon naming system.
G. January’s Full Moon in North America is known as the Wolf Moon.
第三部分 语言运用(共五节，满分55分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A few weeks ago, my husband and I picked tomatoes growing in my father-in-law’s orderly garden. He had stuck to planting tomatoes for more than 40 years. I have been ____21____ by his determination, not to mention the considerable ____22____, as he would prepare for yet another growing season. After placing seeds into soil, he would water, weed, and talk to them every day, waiting with ____23____ for their progress. To him, the garden is everything.
But this past summer, my father-in-law had to ____24____the garden. He had become ____25____, and is now resting at home with serious heart failure. His garden is now ____26____ and full of weeds. We picked the best tomatoes in August, but now the garden seems to have been ____27____
A few weeks ago, my husband took the biggest tomato he could find from his father’s garden, squirted (挤出) it free of its seeds and laid them out to dry. His father used to make this ____28____at the end of each season. The seeds, a way of ____29____ the healthiest tomato growth, would promise a successful harvest.
My husband paid no attention to the garden before. I know why, after all these years, he keeps these _____30_____. Will his father _____31_____Christmas Will anyone plant that garden in the spring when he is _____32_____ not here How much time do we really have with him
We do not know the _____33_____ but I do know what the seeds will _____34_____. There will be more than just tomatoes. Anything that comes from them -- any sauce, any meal, any memory -- will always be _____35_____.
21.
A. influenced B. offered C. impressed D. comforted
22.
A. effort B. attitude C. money D. concept
23.
A. anxiety B. curiosity C. doubt D. patience
24.
A. take over B. give up C. give away D. pull down
25.
A. tired B. slow C. weak D. lazy
26.
A. empty B. small C. old D. disorderly
27.
A. disliked B. forgotten C. attacked D. judged
28.
A. selection B. attempt C. achievement D. success
29.
A. estimating B. emphasizing C. ensuring D. advising
30.
A. flowers B. gardens C. meals D. seeds
31.
A. miss B. survive C. expect D. enjoy
32.
A. probably B. frequently C. particularly D. officially
33.
A. reasons B. questions C. answers D. consequences
34.
A. apply B. make C. require D. promise
35.
A. noticed B. appreciated C. recognized D. linked
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an____36____(entire) soft robot -- the “Octobot”.
____37____(describe) in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more intelligent robots that could be used in search, rescue and exploration than the traditional ones. “The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve____38____a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots,” the study’s authors wrote.
Researchers____39____(work) on building soft robots for decades. They’ve taken____40____(inspire) from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.
However, creating a completely soft robot____41____(remain) a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body,____42____is still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.
“____43____soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds a great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and explorations,” Barbara Mazzolai of Technology, Center for Micro-Bio Robotics, wrote in ____44____comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to_____45_____(improve) wellness and quality of life.”
第三节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
选择并使用所给英语单词的正确形式完成句子，有两个单词为多余词。
lack fancy regard equip revise adapt assume
46. He is working on a screen ________ of his latest novel.
47. ________is a must if you want to grasp what you have learned.
48. My plans are based on the ________ that house prices would remain steady.
49. Interested in different cultures, the girl always ________travelling all over the country.
50. ________with much knowledge, the professor is respected by his students as well as his colleagues.
第四节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
51. With more and more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ (wash) away now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
52. Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. (所给词的适当形式填空)
53. Having studied about 600 clinical cases (临床病例), the scientist found a cure___________ the disease. (用适当的词填空)
54. Actually, the film you see on the scene is the product of a huge amount of hard work, most of ________takes place behind the scenes. （用适当的词填空）
55. Director James Cameron even went down to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean to see ________ was left of the ship for himself. (用适当的词填空)
56. It is strongly recommended that the machines ___________________(check) every year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
57. Many elderly people expressed a strong ___________ (prefer) to live in their own homes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
58. They are watching so good a film __________ we have watched. （用适当的词填空）
59. Whatever your answer is, there's always a lot more to it _______ first meets the eye.（用适当的词填空）
60. ________ (flexible) training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body’s range of movement. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第五节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据句意和所给汉语提示，用适当的英文短语完成句子。
61. By way of ________(非常重视) efficiency, teachers can help students improve their grades. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
62. The possibilities of failure ________ ________ (使忧心忡忡) the whole team, making them in no mood to do anything today. (根据汉语提示完成句子）
63. Both of them actually have the qualities and virtues that ________(是典型的) American actors. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
64. He came round for a coffee and we ________(最后) having a meal together. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
65. The film starring Tom Hanks has certainly________. (没有辜负我的期望) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
66. Having made great achievements in his business, but somehow, he ________for a living now. (沦落为乞讨) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
67. The village is really beautiful, but the photo doesn’t ________its view. (给予公平的评价) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
68. Hopefully, next time you go to the cinema, you’ll ________(想一想)for all those talented people behind the scenes. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
69. Exercise improves certain brain functions, meaning you could actually ________(通过锻炼) to better performance at school! (根据汉语提示完成句子)
70. Remember to drink throughout exercise to ________________________________(弥补) water lost to sweat. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
第四部分 写作(满分15分)
71. 假如你是学生会主席李华，最近青少年学生心理健康引起了公众关注，请围绕这一主题，写一份倡议书，内容包括：
1. 简述现状；
2. 表示理解；
3. 发出倡议。
注意：
1. 词数80字左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
2. 开头已给出，不计入总字数。请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
I’m Li Hua, president of the Students’ Union.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
November 17th , 2023盐城中学高一年级第二次阶段性质量检测
英语试题(2023.12)
试卷说明:本场考试时间120分钟，总分150分。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who will take the woman home today
A. Jane. B. Tommy. C. Eric.
2. What paying method does Tim mostly suggest
A. Bank cards. B. We Chat pay. C. Credit cards.
3. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A festival. B. An ancestor. C. A kind of food.
4. When does the woman’s flight takeoff
A. This Friday. B. This Saturday. C. This Sunday.
5. What does the woman mean
A. She wants to swim. B. It’s extremely hot outside. C. Swimming is good for health.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. Why did the man choose the cafe around the corner
A. For its better taste.
B. For its lower price.
C. For its shorter distance.
7. How much will the woman pay
A. 10 dollars. B. 16 dollars. C. 20 dollars.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What job may the man want
A. A waiter. B. A lab assistant. C. A science tutor.
9. Where can the man get information about the jobs
A. In his school lab. B. From his teachers. C. On the university website.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What’s happened to the woman’s T-shirt
A. It becomes pink. B. It becomes dirty. C. It becomes smaller.
11. What does the woman want the man to do
A. Dry-clean the T-shirt. B. Throwaway the label. C. Follow the instructions.
12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Boss and employee. B. Husband and wife. C. Teacher and student.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. What is the woman doing
A. Driving a car. B. Seeing a doctor. C. Watching TV.
14. Why is the woman glad
A. Her sight is better than before. B. She needn’t wear glasses anymore.
C. Nothing more serious happens to her.
15. What does the man advise the woman to do
A. Use computers less. B. Take off her glasses. C. Do eye exams regularly.
16. What is the woman’s attitude towards wearing glasses
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Ambiguous.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What’s “Interesting Culture”
A. A radio program. B. A school lecture. C. A social organization.
18. Where does a person sing songs in western karaoke
A. At a table. B. On a stage. C. In a room.
19. Who usually controls the songs in western karaoke
A. The DJ. B. The singer. C. The audience.
20. How does a singer choose songs in China’s karaoke
A. By turning to the DJ. B. By writing on a paper. C. By selecting on a screen.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Four Shows to See
Falcons: The Art of the Hunt
The hunting training of falcons (猎鹰) has long been attractive to humans.Aslongagoasearly8th-century Syria, falcons were being trained to become skilful hunters for the royal courts (皇家庭院). The practice spread across the world. A news how in the National Museum of Asian Art collects paintings and objects from ancient Egypt to China celebrating the hunting power of the birds. (Jan. 15-Jul. 17, 2022).
Iké Udé: Nollywood Portraits
The success of Nigeria’s Film industry has also meant the rise of charm and famous people in what is called Nollywood. Iké Udé returned to Lagos, the largest part of Nigeria, in 2014 after three decades as an artist in New York City to photograph the leading stars, often in costumes from their films, as well as directors and producers in the $3 billion industry. The result reflects the changing nature of African identity in the 21st century. (Opens Feb.5, 2022)
Preston Singletary: Raven and the Box of Daylight
Pacific Northwest music and projects accompany (伴随) a major show at the National Museum of the American Indian by Tlingit glass artist Preston Singletary. Organised by the artist with the Museum of Glass in Tacoma, Washington, it was originally supposed to open in the fall of 2020. The show tells the story of Raven and his efforts to change the world by bringing light to people from the stars, moon and sun. (Jan, 28, 2022-Jan. 29,2023).
Baseball: America’s Home Run
This show features hundreds of U.S. and international stamps remembering baseball’s finest players. First organised to mark the 150th anniversary (周年庆) of professional baseball in 2019. “Baseball: America’s Home Run” will feature some historic objects that have never appeared on public show. (Apr.9-Sep.25, 2022)
1. What can you enjoy in National Museum of Asian Art
A. Expert hunting skills.
B. Introduction to famous hunters.
C. The hunting life of royal families.
D. The collections of the hunting power of falcons.
2. Which show may tell inspirational stories
A. Falcons: The Art of the Hunt.
B. Iké Udé: Nollywood Portraits.
C. Preston Singletary: Raven and the Box of Daylight.
D. Baseball: America’s Home Run.
3. What is special about Baseball: America’s Home Run
A. It will focus on valuable stamps. B. It will put sports and art together.
C. It will stress the features of baseball. D. It will give people a new experience.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，本文主要介绍四个展览的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Falcons: The Art of the Hunt部分中“A news how in the National Museum of Asian Art collects paintings and objects from ancient Egypt to China celebrating the hunting power of the birds.(亚洲国家艺术博物馆收藏了从古埃及到中国的绘画和物品，颂扬鸟类的狩猎能力)”可知，在亚洲国家艺术博物馆可以看到颂扬猎鹰狩猎能力的绘画和物品，故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Preston Singletary: Raven and the Box of Daylight部分中“The show tells the story of Raven and his efforts to change the world by bringing light to people from the stars, moon and sun.(该展览讲述了乌鸦的故事，以及他通过从星星、月亮和太阳给人们带来光明来改变世界的努力)”可知，该展览讲述了鼓舞人心的故事，故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Baseball: America’s Home Run部分中“‘Baseball: America’s Home Run’ will feature some historic objects that have never appeared on public show.(‘Baseball: America’s Home Run’将展出一些从未公开展出的历史物品)”可知，该展览将展出一些从未公开展出的历史物品，故会给人们一种新的体验，故选D。
B
Inside а tiny shop in Manchester, Adam Birce carefully carves at а woodblock. He looks carefully at each piece to ensure they fit and match before gently setting them together. Adam Birce, the owner of Four Strings, restores stringed instruments like violins and his passion is in restoring and appreciating what has already been crafted and loved.
Birce started playing the violin in grade school and grew to truly appreciate it. He played semiprofessionally out of high school and later got his degree in music at Virginia Commonwealth University as a violinist. After graduating, he landed a job selling violins. “As fate would have it, I was asked by my employer to learn to fix violins 15 years ago,” he says. “I soon moved off on my own to do restoration.” Since 2014, he’s been on a mission with Four Strings to provide excellent fine-instrument restoration for the commonwealth.
Violin restoration isn’t a self-taught skill. Each summer for the past decade, Birce has traveled to the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts for up to two weeks to study under famous violin restoration expert Hans J. Nebel. Here, students learn everything from delicate edging repair to violin identification. “A lot of the work itself is learning as you go,” Birce says. “It’s a lot of problem-solving and critical thinking, like coming up with a woodworking context.”
How long а job takes varies. “Most are about 3-6 months for major work, unless a full top-to-bottom restoration is needed, which can take even longer,” Birce explains. “I leave that up to the client if they want to commit to that.” One of his longest jobs was working on a Scottish violin from the early 1800s that had been water-damaged. “I had to use every skill in my toolbox to fix it,” Birce laughingly recalls. “It was a very onerous job.”
If there’s one thing to be learned from Birce’s passion, it’s that each violin is unique in its own right. He compares the fine instruments market to the fine arts market. “A lot of these instruments are fine art,” he says. “I kind of say this is a Picasso I’m playing or a Degas. I’ve worked on a few, which is always a joy.”
4. What does the author think of violin restoration
A. It’s effortless. B. It’s self-taught.
C. It’s boring. D. It’s highly professional.
5. What mainly determines the time spent on restoring a violin
A. How powerful the tools are. B. Its condition and the client’s needs.
C. What material it’s made of. D. Its client’s pay for the restorer.
6. Which of the following best explains “onerous” underlined in paragraph 4
A. Abnormal. B. Enjoyable. C. Encouraging. D. Demanding.
7. What does the last paragraph intend to show
A. Birce’s passion for art. B. Birce’s impact on the market.
C. Birce’s feelings about the job. D. Birce’s advice on violin restoration.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Adam Birce学习修复小提琴的过程以及他对自己工作的感受。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Violin restoration isn’t a self-taught skill. Each summer for the past decade, Birce has traveled to the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts for up to two weeks to study under famous violin restoration expert Hans J. Nebel. Here, students learn everything from delicate edging repair to violin identification.(小提琴修复不是一项自学成才的技能。在过去的十年里，每年夏天，伯斯都会前往麻省文理学院(Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts)，在著名小提琴修复专家汉斯·J·内贝尔(Hans J. Nebel)的指导下学习两周。在这里，学生们学习从精致的边缘修复到小提琴鉴定的一切)”可知，作者认为小提琴修复不是一项自学的技能，需要向专家学习。由此推知，作者认为小提琴修复是专业技能。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“How long а job takes varies. “Most are about 3-6 months for major work, unless a full top-to-bottom restoration is needed, which can take even longer,” Birce explains. “I leave that up to the client if they want to commit to that.” One of his longest jobs was working on a Scottish violin from the early 1800s that had been water-damaged. “I had to use every skill in my toolbox to fix it,” Birce laughingly recalls. “It was a very onerous job.”(一项工作需要多长时间是不同的。Birce解释说：“大多数主要工作大约需要3-6个月，除非需要进行全面的自下而上的修复，这可能需要更长的时间。”“我把这个问题留给客户，看他们是否愿意这么做。”他最长时间的工作之一是修复一把19世纪早期被水损坏的苏格兰小提琴。Birce笑着回忆道：“我不得不动用我工具箱里的所有技能来修理它。”“这是一项非常繁重的工作。”)”可推知，修复一把小提琴需要花费的时间与自身状况和客户需求有关。故选B。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“One of his longest jobs was working on a Scottish violin from the early 1800s that had been water-damaged. “I had to use every skill in my toolbox to fix it,” Birce laughingly recalls.(他最长时间的工作之一是修复一把19世纪早期被水损坏的苏格兰小提琴。Birce笑着回忆道：“我不得不动用我工具箱里的所有技能来修理它。”)”可知，修复那把苏格兰小提琴的工作是非常繁重的。由此可知，onerous意为“繁重的，麻烦的”，与D项demanding意思接近。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If there’s one thing to be learned from Birce’s passion, it’s that each violin is unique in its own right. He compares the fine instruments market to the fine arts market. “A lot of these instruments are fine art,” he says. “I kind of say this is a Picasso I’m playing or a Degas. I’ve worked on a few, which is always a joy.”(如果说我们能从Birce的激情中学到什么的话，那就是每把小提琴都是独一无二的。他把乐器市场比作美术市场。“很多乐器都是艺术品，”他说。“我可以说，我正在演奏的是毕加索或德加的作品。我做过一些，这总是一种乐趣。”)”可推知，最后一段主要告诉我们他对这项工作的感受。故选C。
C
Ada Palmer is a professor of European history at the University of Chicago. Her science-fiction series, Terra Ignota, was inspired by 18th-century philosophers such as Voltaire and Diderot. “I wanted to write a story that Voltaire might have written if Voltaire had be enable to read the last 70 years’ worth of science fiction and have all of those tools available (可获得的) for his use,” Palmer says in a radio program called Geek’s Guide to the Galaxy.
Palmer says that Voltaire could actually be considered the first sci-fic writer, thanks to a place he wrote in 1752. “Voltaire has a short story called Micromégas, in which an alien from Saturn and an alien from a star near Sirius come to Earth. They are extremely big in size. They explore Earth and have trouble finding life forms because to them a whale is the size of a flea (跳蚤)”, she says. They eventually realize that the tiny little spot of wood on the ground is a ship, and it’s full of living things, including humans, and they make contact. So it’s a first-contact story.
Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel Frankenstein is often considered the first sci-fi novel. Voltaire was writing much earlier than Shelley, so should he have the title instead It depends on your definition (定义) of science fiction. “Micromégas doesn’t involve technology,” Palmer says, “so if you define science fiction as depending upon technology—and being about, in the Frankenstein sense. Is man’s knowledge giving us access to powers beyond what we’ve had before What does that mean ’—it isn’t asking that. But ‘aliens and first contact’ is a very significant science fictional element.”
So there’s no obvious answer to the question of who should be considered the first sci-fi writer. Palmer says it’s more important to ask the question than to arrive at any particular answer. “I don’t want to argue, ‘Yes, definitely, everybody’s histories of science fiction should start with Voltaire,” she says. “But I do want to argue that everybody’s histories of science fiction will be richer by discussing whether Voltaire is the beginning of science fiction, or whether it’s earlier or whether it’s later. Because that gets at the question of what science fiction is.”
8. What do we know about Micromégas according to the text
A. It is widely accepted as a science-fiction story.
B. It has a big influence on today’s science fiction.
C. Its main characters have trouble finding humans.
D. Its content is about humans’ exploration of space.
9. Why does Ada Palmer regard Voltaire as a sci-fi writer
A. One of his stories focuses on technology. B. His story involves aliens from other planets.
C He described human-alien contact in a story. D. Her science fiction was inspired by his writing.
10. What does Ada Palmer really want to discuss when it comes to science fiction
A. Its true origin. B. What it can cover.
C. Its colourful expressions. D. Why it is interesting.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Ada Palmer and science fiction. B. Was Voltaire the first sci-fi author
C. Technology’s role in science fiction. D. What is science fiction really about
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。该文报道了芝加哥大学教授Ada Palmer受18世纪哲学家伏尔泰启发写作的科幻系列作品，并讨论了关于谁是第一位科幻作家的问题。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Voltaire has a short story called Micromégas, in which an alien from Saturn and an alien from a star near Sirius come to Earth. They are extremely big in size. They explore Earth and have trouble finding life forms because to them a whale is the size of a flea (跳蚤), she says. “They eventually realize that the tiny little spot of wood on the ground is a ship, and it’s full of living things, including humans, and they make contact.(伏尔泰有一个短篇故事叫《Micromégas》，讲的是一个来自土星的外星人和一个来自天狼星附近恒星的外星人来到地球。它们的体型非常大。她说，他们探索地球，却很难找到生命形式，因为对他们来说，鲸鱼只有跳蚤那么大。他们最终意识到，地面上那一小块木头是一艘船，船上满是生物，包括人类，他们接触了)”可知，从文章中可知《Micromégas》的主角很难找到人类。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Micromégas doesn’t involve technology,” Palmer says, “so if you define science fiction as depending upon technology—and being about, in the Frankenstein sense, Is man’s knowledge giving us access to powers beyond what we’ve had before What does that mean ’—it isn’t asking that. But ‘aliens and first contact’ is a very significant science fictional element.(“Micromégas并不涉及技术，”帕尔默说，“所以如果你把科幻小说定义为依赖于技术，并且是关于弗兰肯斯坦那种意义上的：人类的知识是否给予我们比以前更强大的力量？那意味着什么？——它并未涉及这一点。但“外星人和首次接触”是一个非常重要的科幻元素。”)”可知，帕尔默认为“外星人和首次接触”是一个非常重要的科幻元素，所以认为Micromégas是科幻小说，从而认为伏尔泰是一位科幻作家。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“So there’s no obvious answer to the question of who should be considered the first sci-fi writer. Palmer says it’s more important to ask the question than to arrive at any particular answer. “I don’t want to argue, ‘Yes, definitely, everybody’s histories of science fiction should start with Voltaire,” she says. “But I do want to argue that everybody’s histories of science fiction will be richer by discussing whether Voltaire is the beginning of science fiction, or whether it’s earlier or whether it’s later. Because that gets at the question of what science fiction is.”(所以，谁应该被认为是第一个科幻作家这个问题没有明确的答案。帕尔默说，提出问题比得到特定的答案更重要。“我不想争辩，‘是的，当然，每个人的科幻小说历史都应该从伏尔泰开始，’”她说。“但我确实想说，通过讨论伏尔泰是否是科幻小说的开端，或者是更早还是更晚，每个人的科幻历史都会更丰富。因为这触及了什么是科幻小说的问题。”)”可知，谈到科幻小说，阿达·帕尔默认为提出问题比得到特定的答案更重要，通过讨论问题让每个人的科幻历史都会更丰富，说明她更希望多元化的讨论和表达，而不是为科幻小说或者谁是第一个科幻小说家下定义。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Palmer says that Voltaire could actually be considered the first sci-fic writer, thanks to a place he wrote in 1752.( 帕尔默说，伏尔泰实际上可以被认为是第一位科学作家，这要归功于他在1752年写的一篇文章)”以及第三段“Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel Frankenstein is often considered the first sci-fi novel. Voltaire was writing much earlier than Shelley, so should he have the title instead ( 玛丽·雪莱1818年的小说《弗兰肯斯坦》通常被认为是第一部科幻小说。伏尔泰写作的时间比雪莱早得多，那么他应该被冠以这个头衔吗 )”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讨论了伏尔泰是不是第一个科幻作家，以及通过讨论这个问题，能给读者带来的好处，所以B项“Was Voltaire the first sci-fi author (伏尔泰是第一个科幻作家吗 )”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
D
Any parent of growing teenagers knows their kids’ appetite (食欲) can be extremely large. Now, imagine having a young dinosaur checking the fridge. The out size appetites of growing dinosaurs reshaped food chains in their environment and crowded out other carnivores (食肉动物), according to a new study.
Most groups of animals have many small-sized species, somewhat fewer medium-sized species and the fewest large-sized species. However, the extinct dinosaurs—especially carnivores had plenty of species no bigger than modern-day chickens and also many extremely big species, but few medium-sized ones.
Scientists wondered whether teen dinosaurs crowded out medium-sized adults by taking advantage of the habitats and food sources those species might have taken. To test the idea, Katlin Schroeder, a Ph. D. student at the University of New Mexico (UNM), combed a global collection of data to determine the size of more than 550 dinosaur species in 43 ancient ecosystems.
“In most communities, plant-eating dinosaurs were in multifarious sizes. But carnivores were completely different,” Schroeder says. Plant-eating dinosaurs came in a range of sizes, while carnivorous dinosaurs between 100 and 1, 000 kilograms were quite rare. “The size of the carnivorous dinosaur is surprising. It’s as if you went to the savanna, a large flat area of grassy land, and saw nothing in size between a small fox and a lion,” Schroeder says. “Patterns in all the dinosaur communities studied are very similar. We saw the gap in species’ sizes for years, but never measured it.”
Schroeder and paleontologists Eelisa Smith of UNM and Kathleen Lyons of the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, modeled the role that young carnivorous dinosaurs might have played in ecosystems. “If the teen dinosaurs are really using up this space, how many of them would you expect ” Smith says. Their study showed that “the teenagers fill the gap,” she says. “If you fill them in, then you get a community that looks like what you’d expect.”
“The effect maybe stronger in meat eaters because each carnivorous dinosaur species hatched (孵化) from small eggs; then they grew very quickly. They had to change diets and hunting methods to adapt to their new sizes and compete with a range of other species along the way,” Erickson, another scientist, says.
“The study’s stress on how animals’ niches (生态位) can change as they grow offers fresh understandings,” says Mike Benton, a scientist at the University of Bristol.
12. How does the author bring up the topic of the text
A. By showing an example. B. By making a comparison.
C. By starting a discussion. D. By offering an explanation.
13. What confuses scientists about the extinct dinosaurs
A. Whether they lived in large communities.
B. Why young dinosaurs had out size appetites.
C. Why there were fewer medium-sized species.
D. How they adapted to the environment change.
14. What does the underlined word “multifarious” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Similar. B. Large. C. Reasonable. D. Various.
15. What does Erickson want to stress in the last but one paragraph
A. The impact of carnivorous dinosaurs’ appetite on their sizes.
B. The competitive living environment of carnivorous dinosaurs.
C. The relation between food variety and dinosaurs’ survival ability.
D. The role of eating habits in carnivorous dinosaurs’ hunting methods.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，恐龙时期青少年肉食性恐龙的巨大食欲可能导致它们排挤同样大小的成年个体，从而重新塑造了生态系统。青少年恐龙填补了大中小三种大小成年恐龙之间的差距。这项研究对于了解恐龙时期动物生态系统的演化提供了新的见解。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Any parent of growing teenagers knows their kids’ appetite (食欲) can be extremely large. Now, imagine having a young dinosaur checking the fridge. The out size appetites of growing dinosaurs reshaped food chains in their environment and crowded out other carnivores (食肉动物), according to a new study.(任何正在成长的青少年的父母都知道他们孩子的胃口可能非常大。现在，想象一下一只年轻的恐龙在检查冰箱。一项新研究表明，生长中的恐龙的超大胃口重塑了它们所处环境的食物链，并挤掉了其他食肉动物)”可知，作者通过人类青少年的胃口举例，引出年轻的恐龙的胃口，从而引出主题。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Most groups of animals have many small-sized species, somewhat fewer medium-sized species and the fewest large-sized species. However, the extinct dinosaurs—especially carnivores had plenty of species no bigger than modern-day chickens and also many extremely big species, but few medium-sized ones.(大多数动物群有许多小型物种，中型物种略少，大型物种最少。然而，已经灭绝的恐龙——尤其是食肉动物——有很多和现在的鸡一样大的物种，也有很多非常大的物种，但中等大小的物种很少)”可知，为什么中型物种较少让科学家对灭绝的恐龙感到困惑。故选C项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后文“Plant-eating dinosaurs came in a range of sizes, while carnivorous dinosaurs between 100 and 1, 000 kilograms were quite rare.(植食性恐龙的体型各不相同，而体重在100到1000公斤之间的肉食性恐龙则相当罕见)”可知，植食性恐龙的体型各不相同，推知multifarious是“各种各样的”意思，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““The study’s stress on how animals’ niches (生态位) can change as they grow offers fresh understandings,” says Mike Benton, a scientist at the University of Bristol.(布里斯托尔大学的科学家迈克·本顿(Mike Benton)说：“这项研究强调动物的生态位如何随着生长而变化，这为我们提供了新的认识。”)”可知，这项研究强调动物的生态位如何随着生长而变化，也就是恐龙随着题型的成长，在生态链中位置的改变，所以强调的是食肉恐龙竞争激烈的生存环境。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In ancient times, people tracked the seasons by following the lunar months. Many times, the names of the moons were related with what features the seasons had.____16____It is a special name with a history dating back to Native American tribes (部落). The name is also thought to have a Celtic origin, brought over to North America by European settlers.
Regardless of where the name Wolf Moon comes from, wolves howl (嚎叫) to communicate over long distances both in North America and in Europe. It is a way of saying “here I am” to the rest of the pack or “stay away” to enemies.____17____As the late summer moves towards fall, wolves call more and more to neighbors and enemies.
____18____However, howls by a pack can last from 30 to 120 second, and longer during the breeding (繁殖) season. As a result, wolves are particularly loud in the first month of the year.____19____
Science has not shown that the Moon phase (月相) plays any particular part in the calls of wolves, but wolves are animals that are in general more active at night.____20____They point their faces toward the sky because projecting their howls upward carries the sound farther.
A. They are energetic in January.
B. Wolves howl in the direction of the Moon.
C. In spring and early summer, wolves howl to seek mates.
D. An average howl from a single wolf lasts from 3 to 7 seconds.
E. That is probably why people related January with howling wolves.
F. It doesn’t quite fit in with the traditional Full Moon naming system.
G. January’s Full Moon in North America is known as the Wolf Moon.
【答案】16. G 17. C 18. D 19. E 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一月的满月在北美被称为狼月的由来及狼嚎的意义。
【16题详解】
下文“It is a special name with a history dating back to Native American tribes . The name is also thought to have a Celtic origin, brought over to North America by European settlers.”（这是一个特殊的名字，其历史可以追溯到美国土著部落。这个名字也被认为起源于凯尔特人，由欧洲定居者带到北美。）介绍了一个名字的由来，G项“January’s Full Moon in North America is known as the Wolf Moon.”（一月的满月在北美被称为狼月。）中“the Wolf Moon”照应下文代词“It”，衔接恰当。故选G项。
【17题详解】
下文“As the late summer moves towards fall, wolves call more and more to neighbors and enemies.”（随着夏末接近秋天，狼对邻居和敌人的呼唤越来越多。）说明随着季节的变化，狼嚎的意义也会不同，C项“In spring and early summer, wolves howl to seek mates.”（春天和初夏，狼会嚎叫寻找配偶。）说明在春夏时节，狼嚎是为了寻找配偶，衔接下文，引出秋天狼嚎的不同含义。故选C项。
【18题详解】
下文“However, howls by a pack can last from 30 to 120 second, and longer during the breeding season.”（然而，一个狼群嚎叫可以持续30到120秒，在繁殖季节会持续更长时间。）说明群狼嚎叫可以持续很长时间，D项“An average howl from a single wolf lasts from 3 to 7 seconds.”（一只狼的嚎叫平均持续3到7秒。）与后文构成转折关系，照应“However”，符合句意。故选D项。
【19题详解】
上文“As a result, wolves are particularly loud in the first month of the year.”（因此，狼在一年的头一个月嚎叫特别大声。）陈述了客观事实，E项“That is probably why people related January with howling wolves.”（这可能就是为什么人们把一月份和嚎叫的狼联系在一起。）衔接上文，给出上文事实引起的结果，即人们把一月份和嚎叫的狼联系在一起。故选E项。
【20题详解】
上文“Science has not shown that the Moon phase plays any particular part in the calls of wolves, but wolves are animals that are in general more active at night.”（科学并没有表明月相对狼的叫声有什么特殊的影响，但狼是一种通常在晚上更活跃的动物。）说明狼在晚上更活跃，B项“Wolves howl in the direction of the Moon.”（狼朝月亮的方向嚎叫。）解释它们晚上活跃的具体表现就是嚎叫，引出下文“They point their faces toward the sky because projecting their howls upward carries the sound farther.”（它们把脸指向天空，因为把它们的嚎叫向上投射会使声音传播得更远。）嚎叫的具体动作，衔接恰当。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用(共五节，满分55分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A few weeks ago, my husband and I picked tomatoes growing in my father-in-law’s orderly garden. He had stuck to planting tomatoes for more than 40 years. I have been ____21____ by his determination, not to mention the considerable ____22____, as he would prepare for yet another growing season. After placing seeds into soil, he would water, weed, and talk to them every day, waiting with ____23____ for their progress. To him, the garden is everything.
But this past summer, my father-in-law had to ____24____the garden. He had become ____25____, and is now resting at home with serious heart failure. His garden is now ____26____ and full of weeds. We picked the best tomatoes in August, but now the garden seems to have been ____27____
A few weeks ago, my husband took the biggest tomato he could find from his father’s garden, squirted (挤出) it free of its seeds and laid them out to dry. His father used to make this ____28____at the end of each season. The seeds, a way of ____29____ the healthiest tomato growth, would promise a successful harvest.
My husband paid no attention to the garden before. I know why, after all these years, he keeps these _____30_____. Will his father _____31_____Christmas Will anyone plant that garden in the spring when he is _____32_____ not here How much time do we really have with him
We do not know the _____33_____ but I do know what the seeds will _____34_____. There will be more than just tomatoes. Anything that comes from them -- any sauce, any meal, any memory -- will always be _____35_____.
21.
A. influenced B. offered C. impressed D. comforted
22.
A. effort B. attitude C. money D. concept
23.
A. anxiety B. curiosity C. doubt D. patience
24.
A. take over B. give up C. give away D. pull down
25.
A. tired B. slow C. weak D. lazy
26.
A. empty B. small C. old D. disorderly
27.
A. disliked B. forgotten C. attacked D. judged
28.
A. selection B. attempt C. achievement D. success
29.
A. estimating B. emphasizing C. ensuring D. advising
30.
A. flowers B. gardens C. meals D. seeds
31.
A. miss B. survive C. expect D. enjoy
32.
A. probably B. frequently C. particularly D. officially
33
A. reasons B. questions C. answers D. consequences
34.
A. apply B. make C. require D. promise
35.
A. noticed B. appreciated C. recognized D. linked
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的公公对自己的花园的深厚感情，在公公患重病无法照料花园时，作者的丈夫模仿父亲的做法，留下了种子，借此来表达对父亲的追忆。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的决心给我留下了深刻的印象，更不用说他为下一个生长季节所做的巨大努力。A. influenced影响；B. offered提供；C. impressed使印象深刻；D. comforted安慰。根据前文“He had stuck to planting tomatoes for more than 40 years”可知，他的决心给作者留下了深刻的印象。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的决心给我留下了深刻的印象，更不用说他为下一个生长季节所做的巨大努力。A. effort努力；B. attitude态度；C. money金钱；D. concept概念。根据后文“After placing seeds into soil, he would water, weed, and talk to them every day”可知，他为下一个生长季节付出巨大努力。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：把种子放进土里后，他每天给它们浇水、除草、和它们说话，耐心地等待着它们的成长。A. anxiety焦虑；B. curiosity好奇；C. doubt怀疑；D. patience耐心。根据前文“After placing seeds into soil, he would water, weed, and talk to them every day”可知，他把一切准备就绪，耐心地等待种子发芽生长。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是在刚刚过去的这个夏天，我的公公不得不放弃花园。A. take over接管；B. give up放弃；C. give away捐赠；D. pull down拆毁。根据后文“with serious heart failure”可知，由于生病，他不得不放弃花园的工作。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他已经变得虚弱，现在因严重的心力衰竭在家休息。A. tired劳累的；B. slow缓慢的；C. weak虚弱的；D. lazy懒惰的。根据后文“with serious heart failure”可知，由于生病，他身体非常虚弱。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的花园现在乱七八糟，长满了杂草。A. empty空的；B. small小的；C. old老的；D. disorderly杂乱的。根据后文“full of weeds”可知，现在花园无人打理，杂乱不堪。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在八月采摘了最好西红柿，但现在花园似乎已经被遗忘了。A. disliked不喜欢；B. forgotten忘记；C. attacked攻击；D. judged判断。根据前文“We picked the best tomatoes in August, but now”可知，前后构成转折关系，说明现在花园似乎已经被遗忘了。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲过去常常在每个季节结束时做这样的事情。A. selection选择；B. attempt尝试；C. achievement成就；D. success成功。根据前文“squirted it free of its seeds and laid them out to dry.”可知，作者公公过去常常做这样的尝试，现在作者的丈夫也这样做了。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：种子是确保番茄健康生长的一种方式，将保证一个成功的收获。A. estimating评估；B. emphasizing强调；C. ensuring确保；D. advising建议。根据后文“the healthiest tomato growth”可知，种子是保证番茄健康生长的关键。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道为什么这么多年了，他还留着这些种子。A. flowers鲜花；B. gardens花园；C. meals膳食；D. seeds种子。根据前文“squirted it free of its seeds and laid them out to dry.”可知，作者的丈夫一直留着这些种子。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲能活过圣诞节吗 春天他可能不在了，有人会在花园里种庄稼吗 A. miss错过；B. survive存活；C. expect期待；D. enjoy喜欢。根据后文“How much time do we really have with him ”可知，作者担忧公公病情严重，无法熬过圣诞节。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲能活过圣诞节吗 春天他可能不在了，有人会在花园里种庄稼吗 A. probably可能；B. frequently频繁地；C. particularly特别；D. officially官方地。根据前文“Will anyone plant that garden in the spring”及后文“How much time do we really have with him ”可知，作者猜测如果公公不在了，他的花园会发生什么。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不知道答案，但我知道种子会带来什么。A. reasons原因；B. questions问题；C. answers回答；D. consequences后果。根据前文“Will his father ____11____Christmas Will anyone plant that garden in the spring when he is____12____not here How much time do we really have with him ”可知，作者不知道这些问题的答案。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不知道答案，但我知道种子会带来什么。 A. apply应用；B. make制作；C. require要求；D. promise预示。根据后文“There will be more than just tomatoes. Anything that comes from them -- any sauce, any meal, any memory”可知，作者知道种子意味着什么，预示着什么。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：任何来自他们的东西——任何酱汁，任何一顿饭，任何记忆——都会永远被感激和珍惜。A. noticed注意到；B. appreciated感激，欣赏；C. recognized识别；D. linked联系。根据前文“Anything that comes from them -- any sauce, any meal, any memory”可知，种子带来的食物，蕴含的对公公的记忆和怀念将被永远感激和珍惜。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an____36____(entire) soft robot -- the “Octobot”.
____37____(describe) in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more intelligent robots that could be used in search, rescue and exploration than the traditional ones. “The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve____38____a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots,” the study’s authors wrote.
Researchers____39____(work) on building soft robots for decades. They’ve taken____40____(inspire) from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.
However, creating a completely soft robot____41____(remain) a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body,____42____is still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.
“____43____soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds a great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and explorations,” Barbara Mazzolai of Technology, Center for Micro-Bio Robotics, wrote in ____44____comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to_____45_____(improve) wellness and quality of life.”
【答案】36. entirely
37. Described
38. as 39. have been working##have worked
40. inspiration
41. remains
42. it 43. Although##Though##While
44. a 45. improving
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用柔软材料制作的机器人Octobot及其前景。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：但美国哈佛大学的一组科学家已经成功制造出了一个完全软性的机器人——“章鱼机器人”。分析句子结构可知，空处需填副词作状语修饰之后的形容词“soft”，所给词为形容词entire，表示“完全的”。故填entirely。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据《自然》科学杂志报道，“章鱼机器人”可能会为研发出比传统机器人更智能的搜索、救援和探索机器人铺平道路。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“could pave”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“describe”和“the “Octobot””之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填Described。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：该研究的作者写道:“章鱼机器人是一个最小的系统，它可以作为新一代完全柔软的，自动机器人的基础。”serve as sth, 固定结构，意为“作为某物使用”。故填as。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：几十年来，研究人员一直致力于制造软机器人。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，根据时间状语“for decades”可知，应是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have been working或have worked。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们从大自然中获得灵感，研究动物，从水母到蟑螂，这些动物通常是由更灵活的物质构成的。分析句子结构可知，空处需填名词作宾语，inspiration作名词，表示“灵感”，是不可数名词。故填inspiration。
【41题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，创造一个完全柔软的机器人仍然是一个挑战。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，文章为一般现在时，主语为“creating a completely soft robot”，动名词作主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填remains。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：即使工程师们建造了一个硅树脂的身体，构建灵活版本的重要部分，如电源，仍然是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知，所填空为句中主语位置，且句中真正主语为“to construct flexible versions of essential parts”动词不定式结构，因此所填空应是it作形式主语。故填it。
【43题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：尽管软机器人技术仍处于早期阶段，它在很多方面都有很好的应用前景，比如搜救行动和探索。分析句意可知，前后句为转折关系，“___9____ soft robotics is still in its early stage”应是让步状语从句，可由although/though/while引导，表示“尽管，虽然”。故填Although或Though或While。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：微型生物机器人技术中心的芭芭拉·马佐莱在评论中写道：“软体机器人也可能为改善健康和生活质量开辟新的途径。”根据“comment”可知，空处需填冠词修饰名词，此处泛指一个评论，故用不定冠词。故填a。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：微型生物机器人技术中心的芭芭拉·马佐莱在评论中写道：“软体机器人也可能为改善健康和生活质量开辟新的途径。”根据“ to”可知，空处需填动名词作介词宾语。故填improving。
第三节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
选择并使用所给英语单词的正确形式完成句子，有两个单词为多余词。
lack fancy regard equip revise adapt assume
46. He is working on a screen ________ of his latest novel.
47. ________is a must if you want to grasp what you have learned.
48. My plans are based on the ________ that house prices would remain steady.
49. Interested in different cultures, the girl always ________travelling all over the country.
50. ________with much knowledge, the professor is respected by his students as well as his colleagues.
【答案】46. adaptation
47. Revision
48. assumption
49. fancies
50. Equipped
【解析】
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：他正在把自己最新的小说改编成电影。设空处应为名词作宾语，空前为a，设空处应为名词单数的形式，adaptation“改编”合乎题意。故填adaptation。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果你想掌握所学的知识，复习是必须的。设空处应用名词的形式作主语，空后为is，设空处应用名词单数的形式，revise“修正；修改”对应的名词revision合乎题意，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Revision。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意：我的计划是建立在房价保持稳定的假设基础上的。设空处应用名词作介词的宾语，根据空后的同位语从句“that house prices would remain steady.(房价将保持稳定)”可知，设空处应为名词单数的形式，assume“假设”对应的名词assumption“假设”合乎题意。故填assumption。
【49题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：由于对不同的文化感兴趣，这个女孩总是幻想周游全国。设空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语always，可知句子的时态为一般现在时，fancy“幻想”合乎题意，主语为the girl，结合主谓一致。故填fancies。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这位教授知识渊博，不仅受到同学们的尊敬，也受到同事们的尊敬。equip“装备，配备”合乎题意，设空处在句中作非谓语动词，和其逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系，应用动词的过去分词的形式作状语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Equipped。
第四节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
51. With more and more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ (wash) away now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are being washed
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：随着越来越多的森林被破坏，大量的好土地正在被冲走。根据时间状语now可知，谓语动词应用现在进行时态，与主语huge quantities of good earth之间为被动关系；“quantities of + n.”作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are being washed。
52. Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was given
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的谓语，as well as连接主语时，谓语动词要和as well as前面的主语保持一致，所以此处谓语动词应和Amy保持一致，由last week可知，句子应用一般过去时，且主语Amy和动词give“给”是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态was given。故填was given。
53. Having studied about 600 clinical cases (临床病例), the scientist found a cure___________ the disease. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】for
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：在研究了大约600个临床病例后，这位科学家找到了治愈这种疾病的方法。固定搭配a cure for，表示“……的治愈方法”。故填for。
54. Actually, the film you see on the scene is the product of a huge amount of hard work, most of ________takes place behind the scenes. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：事实上，你在现场看到的电影是大量努力工作的产物，其中大部分发生在幕后。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a huge amount of hard work，most of+关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语，which指代事物。故填which。
55. Director James Cameron even went down to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean to see ________ was left of the ship for himself. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆甚至下到大西洋底部，亲眼看看这艘巨轮还剩下什么。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，空处为引导词在从句中作主语，指代“剩下的东西”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
56. It is strongly recommended that the machines ___________________(check) every year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】should be checked##be checked
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：强烈建议这些机器每年检查一次。It is strongly recommended that...是固定句型，意为“强烈建议……”，It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，从句中用（should+动词原形）的虚拟语气，should可省略，机器是被检查，空格处用should be done，因此空格处是(should) be checked。故填(should) be checked。
57. Many elderly people expressed a strong ___________ (prefer) to live in their own homes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】preference
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：许多老年人表示更喜欢住在自己的家中。分析句子可知，strong后面要接名词用来修饰修饰它，所给提示词prefer要使用其名词形式，即preference。故填preference。
58. They are watching so good a film __________ we have watched. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】as
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：他们看的电影和我们看的一样好。分析句子可知，设空处后面为定语从句，修饰先行词film，先行词在从句中作宾语，并且前面有so修饰，故填as。
59. Whatever your answer is, there's always a lot more to it _______ first meets the eye.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】than
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：无论你的答案是什么，它总是比你第一眼看到的要复杂。a lot修饰比较级，结合more可知，空处需填介词than，将现在的情况与最初看到的情况进行对比。故填than。
60. ________ (flexible) training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body’s range of movement. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Flexibility
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：灵活性训练，包括体操和太极，有助于伸展你的肌肉，提高你身体的活动范围。根据句意可知，体操和太极等属于灵活性训练，故空处需填名词作定语，Flexibility作名词，表示“灵活性”，符合句意。故填Flexibility。
第五节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据句意和所给汉语提示，用适当的英文短语完成句子。
61. By way of ________(非常重视) efficiency, teachers can help students improve their grades. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】attaching importance to
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：通过重视效率的方式，老师可以帮助学生提高成绩。根据汉语提示及“of”可知，空处需填动名词作宾语，短语attach importance to sth表示“非常重视某物”，符合句意。故填attaching importance to。
62. The possibilities of failure ________ ________ (使忧心忡忡) the whole team, making them in no mood to do anything today. (根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. hang ②. over
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：失败的可能性笼罩着整个团队，使得他们今天没有心情做任何事情。根据汉语提示“使忧心忡忡”可知短语为hang over，此处为一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故填hang over。
63. Both of them actually have the qualities and virtues that ________(是典型的) American actors. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】are typical of
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和短语。句意：实际上，他们都具备典型美国演员的品质和美德。本句是that引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语动词，根据所给中文提示词，此处是固定搭配：be typical of以为“典型的”，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语that代指qualities and virtues为复数。故填are typical of。
64. He came round for a coffee and we ________(最后) having a meal together. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】ended up
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：他过来喝咖啡，最后我们一起吃了顿饭。分析句子结构可知，后句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据所给中文提示词，应用动词短语end up，根据前文的came可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填ended up。
65. The film starring Tom Hanks has certainly________. (没有辜负我的期望) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】lived up to my expectations.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：汤姆·汉克斯主演的这部电影当然没有辜负我的期望。根据所给中文提示词，应该使用固定短语搭配：live up to意为“不辜负”，根据句意，是过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，空前已有has，所以应填过去分词形式，“我的期望”译为“my expectations”。故填lived up to my expectations。
66. Having made great achievements in his business, but somehow, he ________for a living now. (沦落为乞讨) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】is reduced to begging
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和动词短语。句意：他在生意上取得了巨大的成就，但不知怎么的，他现在只能靠乞讨谋生了。分析句子结构可知，后句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据所给中文提示词，可用动词短语：be reduced to意为“沦落为”，结合语境和now可知此处陈述现在的事实，用一般现在时；“乞讨”，为动词beg，位于介词后，应用动名词形式。故填：is reduced to begging。
67. The village is really beautiful, but the photo doesn’t ________its view. (给予公平的评价) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】do justice to
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：这个村庄真的很美，但这张照片并不符合它的景色（即没有把村庄的美恰当地表现）。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语do justice to“公平评判，公平对待”。该动词短语在句中作谓语。根据空前的doesn’t可知，空处的动词用原形。故填do justice to。
68. Hopefully, next time you go to the cinema, you’ll ________(想一想)for all those talented people behind the scenes. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】spare a thought
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、句意：希望下次你去电影院的时候，能多想想那些幕后的天才们。spare a thought想一想。will后接动词原形。根据汉语提示及句意，故填spare a thought。
69. Exercise improves certain brain functions meaning you could actually ________(通过锻炼) to better performance at school! (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】exercise your way
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：锻炼可以改善大脑的某些功能，这意味着你可以通过锻炼来提高在学校的表现!空前是情态动词，所以空处应填动词原形，根据所给中文提示词，应是exercise one’s way意为“通过锻炼”，情态动词could后用动词原形。故填exercise your way。
70. Remember to drink throughout exercise to ________________________________(弥补) water lost to sweat. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】make up for
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：记得在整个运动过程中喝水，以补充因出汗而流失的水分。根据汉语提示“弥补”，可知此处填短语make up for，空前to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填make up for。
第四部分 写作(满分15分)
71. 假如你是学生会主席李华，最近青少年学生心理健康引起了公众关注，请围绕这一主题，写一份倡议书，内容包括：
1. 简述现状；
2. 表示理解；
3. 发出倡议。
注意：
1. 词数80字左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
2. 开头已给出，不计入总字数。请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
I’m Li Hua, president of the Students’ Union.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
November 17th , 2023
【答案】Dear fellow students,
I’m Li Hua, president of the Students’ Union. I’m here to raise awareness about teen mental health.
Pressure from school, family, and friends can be crushing. More and more often, we see a rise in the number of students facing emotional and psychological challenges.
We need to take action now. First, we must break the silence around this issue. It’s time to remove prejudice against mental health and normalize its discussion. Second, let’s create a positive environment that encourages openness, self-care, and healthy coping. No more bystanders, we must be agents of change. Our future depends on it. Thank you!
The Students’ Union
November 17th , 2023
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一份倡议书，倡议人们关注青少年学生心理健康问题。
【详解】1.词汇积累
压力：pressure → stress
毁坏性的：crushing → destructive
增加：rise → increase
问题 ：issue → problem/matter
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：More and more often, we see a rise in the number of students facing emotional and psychological challenges.
拓展句：More and more often, we see a rise in the number of students who face emotional and psychological challenges.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I’m Li Hua, president of the Students’ Union. (运用了名词词组作同位语)
[高分句型2] Second, let’s create a positive environment that encourages openness, self-care, and healthy coping.(运用了that引导限制性定语从句)
