(共34张PPT)
外研必修
第三册
Unit 3
Period 4
Reading
教学目
Lead-in
Read the short introduction to Benjamin Franklin and share any other information you know about him.
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence. Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor.
As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As an inventor, he was known for the lightning rod, and the Franklin stove. He founded many civic organizations, including the Library Company, Philadelphia's first fire department and the University of Pennsylvania.
1
2
To get the information about Franklin’s experiment and people’s opinions about it, voice your opinion on the saying “Seeing is believing”.
To use the words, phrases and important language points from the passage correctly.
目标一：To get the information about Franklin’s experiment and people’s opinions about it, voice your opinion on the saying “Seeing is believing”.
Activity 1: Read the title and “Learning to learn”, answer the questions.
FRANKLIN’S EXPERIMENT: How Much Is True
Learning to learn
An essay title often contains an explicit or implicit question which your essay should focus on answering. For example, the title “Franklin’s Experiment: How Much Is True ” makes it clear what question is being answered within the essay.
1.What is the function of the Question mark
2. What is the type of the passage A narration B argumentationC exposition C advertisement
3. What does the essay focus on
The author is not sure about the answer.
How much is true about Franklin’s experiment.
Activity 2: Match the main ideas with the paragraphs.
Para.1
Para.2
Para.3
Para.4
Para.5
Para.6
A. Facts should be proved by experiments and research.
B. The reason why scientists often question accepted ideas.
C. The detailed procedure of Franklin's experiment with lightning.
D. The great effect of Franklin's experiment on science and inventions.
E. Neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
F. Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning may be fiction.
Activity 3: Read the passage carefully and finish the tasks.
Task 1: Read the para 1-2 and find out what Franklin’s experiment aimed to prove.
Franklin’s experiment aimed to prove if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else.
Task 2:Read para.2 carefully and find out how the experiment was carried out and its result, fill in the blanks.
Experiment The kite lightning experiment
Aim
Material
Procedure
Conclusion
To test if lightning was really produced by electricity
A kite with a string and a metal key
First, Franklin flew a kite with a string and a metal key.
Then, when a flash of lightning hit the kite, electricity was conducted through the string to the key.
Finally, touching the key, Franklin got an electric shock.
Lightning was a form of electricity
Task 3:Read the para 3-6 and number the statements to show how people’s attitudes towards Franklin’s experiment have changed.
□ Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration is still considered an inspiration.
□ People are amazed at and inspired by Franklin’s experiment.
□ Scientists question what really happened in Franklin’s experiment.
3
1
2
Activity 4: Read the essay again and analyse the structure of it.
FRANKLIN’S EXPERIMENT: How Much Is True
Introduction The story may be fictional
Main body 1 What is the experiment
2 People’s attitudes have changed over years.
Conclusion The author’s opinion
Activity 5: Think & Share.
1. Do you think it matters that Franklin’s experiment might not be true Why 2. What is your opinion about the statement “... we should not always believe everything we read or hear – even if it is a great story” 3. What qualities do you think a great scientist should have 4. In what ways do scientists contribute to society
1 No. Because what really matters lies in his bravery to do the experiment.2 I think the statement is right. From a scientific standpoint people should stick to the facts and the facts should be proved by experiments and research. A good story is fiction which is often more interesting than the truth.3 As a great scientist, he or she should have more than one good quality, such as being smart, honest, objective, persistent, curious, imaginative, devoted and so on. 4 First, scientific discoveries promote the development of our society. Secondly, the contributions of scientists in medicine extend our life span. Thirdly, scientists have invented a lot of surprising tools that fundamentally improve our living standards.
Activity 6: Work in groups. Explain your understanding of the saying “Seeing is believing”, and then give a talk about it. You may use information in the passage as examples.
1 Make notes about your understanding of the saying and list supporting details.
Your understanding Supporting details
2 Organise your talk following the steps below. Start your talk by explaining how you understand this saying. Explain why you think this way. Use the notes you have made to support your ideas. End your talk by summarising your points.3 Give your talk to the class.
As the old Chinese saying goes, “What you hear may be false, but what you see is true.” We often easily believe in what we see or hear without doubt, but as a matter of fact, it is not always so convincing. New research suggests that the story of Franklin’s experiment may be fiction instead of fact. Some scientists questions the story about an apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. In fact, there is no proof that the apple hit him on the head.
Sample:
Some parts of the stories are true, and some are not, because they don’t follow the common sense. However, the scientists’ spirit of scientific exploration is what mostly matters. Personally, we can not be content with what we see or hear. As the old saying goes, “Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.” What we see or hear is true or false remains to be seen in the future. Please don’t hesitate to test what you see or hear.
目标二: To use the words, phrases and important language points from the passage correctly
Activity 1: Find the important words, phrases, and language points you want to share with your partner. Then discuss in groups and share their usage with the class.
1 attach 系、绑、贴【教材原文】A metal key was attached to the string.一把金属钥匙系在绳子上。【知识归纳】attach sb/sth to sth 把...系...上; 把...贴在...上be attached to... 被系或者贴...attach importance to... 认为...重要; 重视...
【即学即练】(1) We should attach importance __________ use of the verbs when we learn a foreign language.(2) The picture __________ (attach) to the wall cost about $100 three years ago. (3) The written directions ____________ (attach) the tools so that users know how to use them.
to
attach
are attached to
2 More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.不止一代的学童被他的勇敢和寻求真理的科学方法所打动。
【句子分析】本句话为“more than one+单数名词”作主语的句子。虽然more than one意为“不止一个”，但它的谓语动词单复数却要从形式一致角度考虑。通常用单数。文中另两处以“more than one+单数名词”作主语的句子分别为：... more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. (Para.4); In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, ... (Para.5)
approach n. 接近，靠近；方法，方式；通路，路径 v. 接近，靠近；对付，处理【词汇拓展】the approach of... ……的来临 / 临近an approach to (doing) sth（做）某事的方法 / 方式 （to是介词） adopt / take an approach 采用一种方法 the approaches to the airport 通往机场的道路 approach the house 走近房子 see / hear sb / sth approaching 看到 / 听到某人 / 某物接近 approach the problem / matter 处理问题
【即学即练】单句语法填空(1) The detective heard footsteps ______________ (approach). (2) The best approach to __________ (build) up your body is to do exercise every day.
approaching
building
3 Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道，激励并教导我们科学实验对于推动真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
【句子分析】本句是主从复合句，其中that引导宾语从句。has inspired和taught是主句的并列谓语。动词不定式作目的状语“along with / as well as+名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般与其前面的主语在数上保持一致，即单数主语需用单数谓语，复数主语需用谓语复数。eg: Tom, along with his parents, goes to the park every Sunday.
4 neither... nor... 既不……也不……【教材原文】However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. 然而，这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。
【知识归纳】neither... nor... 主要用于否定两者, 其意为“既不……也不……”, 用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。当neither... nor... 连接两个主语时, 也应遵循“就近原则”。【知识延伸】连接两个并列成分, 遵循“就近原则”的词语还有: either... or..., not...but... , not only... but also...
【即学即练】(1) Either my father or my brothers _______ (be) coming. (2) Not only the students but also the teacher _______ (wish) for a holiday. (3) Neither you nor I _______ (be)a stranger here.
are
am
wishes
5 But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 但是科学家们一致认为如果富兰克林确实接触过钥匙的话, 他肯定就被电击致死了。
【句子分析】(1)本句是主从复合句。其中that...the electric shock是that引导的宾语从句; 该从句也是主从复合句, 其中if Franklin...the key是条件状语从句, 该从句及其主句he would certainly have died from the electric shock都使用了虚拟语气。
【拓展延伸】虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表示。(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况: 从句: If+ 主语+ did/ were主句: 主语+ should/ would/ might/ could do*If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你, 我会带把伞。(事实: 我不可能是你)
(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况: 从句: If+ 主语+ had done主句: 主语+ should/would/ might/ could have done*If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的建议的话, 就不会犯这样的错误了。 (事实: 没有听我的建议)
(3)表示与将来事实相反: 从句: ①if+ 主语+ were to do②if+ 主语+ should do③if+ 主语+did/ were主句: 主语+ should/ would/ might/ could do*If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话, 我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实: 来的可能性很小, 不可能)*If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. 如果明天下雨, 我们就待在家里。(事实: 下雨的可能性很小, 不可能)
6 In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上, 不止一个记载表明, 尽管牛顿肯定是受到一个落下的苹果的启发, 但没有证据表明苹果打中了他的头部。
【句式分析】(1)本句是主从复合句。其中that while Newton. . . on the head是that引导的宾语从句; 该从句也是主从复合句, 其中while Newton. . . a falling apple是while引导的让步状语从句; that it hit him on the head是that引导的同位语从句。
(2)句中的in fact是固定短语, 意为“事实上”。Eg: It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us. 这清楚地表明, 尽管受人爱戴可以促进健康的调整, 但地位高却对我们产生相反的影响。
Activity 2:Complete the summary with the correct words or the correct forms of the words in the bracket according to the passage.
New research suggests that the story (1)________ Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning may be fiction instead of fact. More than one generation of school children has been amazed by his bravery and his (2)________ (science) approach to (3)________ (look)for the truth. However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment (4)________ (take) place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.
that
scientific
looking
took
(5)________ detail about the string and the key is true. But (6)________ (science) all agree that if he had (7)________ (actual) touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. Fiction is (8) _____________ (interesting) than the truth. People have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific (9)_________ (explore) than by the facts themselves. But in science, facts should be proved (10)________experiments and research.
The
scientists
actually
more interesting
exploration
by
1 Can you retell the procedures of Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning 2 What do you learn from Benjamin Franklin (共18张PPT)
外研必修
第三册
Unit 3
Period 5
Writing & Presenting ideas
Video: Magic bottle
To read a fable and interpret the message that the fable conveys
1
2
To read the instructions for the experiment and do it by yourself, write an experiment report.
To choose a day-to-day used object and predict its changes in 50 years.
目标一：To read the instructions for the experiment and do it by yourself, write an experiment report
Activity 1: Read the instructions for the experiment and answer the questions.
28 MarchMagic bottleMaterials A boiled egg A glass bottle (bottleneck a bit smaller than the egg) Hot water
Procedure1 Remove the shell of the egg. 2 Carefully pour some hot water into the bottle. 3 Shake the bottle gently. 4 Pour out the hot water. 5 Quickly put the egg on top of the bottle.Results...
Note: Do the experiment under the instructions of a teacher.
1. What do you think the results of this experiment will be
2. What can you learn from this experiment
The egg will squeeze into the bottle.
The experiment shows us the effects of air pressure.
Air pressure indeed exists, and it is very powerful.
Activity 2: Read the outline of the experiment report and answer the questions.
1 How many parts are included in an experiment report and what are they 2 Make a comparison between the instructions for the experiment and the outline of an experiment report. What are the differences in terms of language
1 Three. The structure of an experiment report, Introduction: introduce the aim of the experimentMain body: describe the materials used in the experiment and explain the procedureConclusion: report the results and what you have learnt2 phrases vs. sentences, imperative sentences vs. a coherent passage,
Activity 3: Complete the boxes with the information in Activity 1. Do further research if necessary.
Introduction
Introduce the aim of
the experiment.
This experiment is designed to __________________________________________________________.
to prove whether air pressure really exists.
Main body
Describe the materials used
in the experiment and explain the procedure.
I prepared ________________________
_________________________________
___________ to do this experiment.
Procedure:
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
a boiled egg, a glass bottle
(bottleneck a bit smaller than the egg) and
hot water
1. Remove the shell of the egg.
2. Carefully pour some hot water into the bottle. 3. Shake the bottle gently.
4. Pour out the hot water.
5. Quickly put the egg on top of the bottle.
Conclusion
Report the results and
what you have learnt.
After the experiment, I can draw the conclusion that __________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
air pressure indeed exists, and it is very powerful. It is the force of the air that pushed the egg into the bottle
Now write a report of the experiment.
Sample：The experiment is designed to prove whether air pressure really exists.At the beginning of the experiment, I prepared the materials, including a boiled eggs, a glass bottle whose neck is a bit smaller than the egg, and some hot water. With all the things prepared, the experiment began.First, I removed the shell of the egg. Then, I carefully poured some hot water into the bottle, and shook the bottle gently. After a few minutes, I poured out the hot water. Just at the same time, I quickly placed the egg on top of the bottle. To my amazement, the egg squeezed into the bottle at once.After the experiment, I can draw the conclusion that air pressure indeed exists, and it is very powerful. It is the force of the air that pushed the egg into the bottle.
目标二: To choose a day-to-day used object and predict its changes in 50 years.
Activity 1: Work in groups. Look at the pictures and discuss how these objects have changed over the years.
Take telephone for example:They have become much smaller and are having multi functions now. They have changed so much in order to adapt to people's needs. Their evolutions have made our lives more convenient and comfortable. I hope it can equip a function of voice call, so that I can find my cellphone at any time.
Activity 2: Choose one of the objects in Activity 1 or an object that you use every day. Predict how it will further change over the next 50 years. Make notes about your ideas.
My object:
___________________________________________________
How it will change:
____________________________________________________
Why it will change:
____________________________________________________
——————————————————————————
bed
It will have the functions of alarming and massaging.
Nobody will be late for school or work.
We can relax ourselves after a day of hard work.
Activity 3: Present your ideas to the class. Use the notes in Activity 2 and the expressions in the box to help you.
Useful expressions
It will become...
People will use... instead of...
It will be... for people to...
There will be no... because...
Sample:As the old saying goes, everyone will spend one third of their time on bed, so the bed is really of great importance to us.With the development of technology, the bed will evolve absolutely. In the future, it will equip an alarm inside and people will never be late for school or work. What’s more, it will have the function of massage,which will relax our body after a day of hard work.Both of the evolutions will make our lives more comfortable and convenient, and that is what we call the miracle of technology.
1 Can you retell the procedures of the Magic bottle experiment 2 Can you predict the changes of computer in 50 years (共18张PPT)
外研必修
第三册
Unit 3
Period 3
Listening and speaking
1
2
To listen for the information of an invention story, and learn how to tell the story behind an invention.
To tell story of an invention.
教学目
Lead-in
Do you know Alzheimer’s disease
Did you know
Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that causes problems with memory, thinking and behaviour.
The majority of people with Alzheimer’s are 65 and above. It is recognised as the most common mental disease among older people, and the number of sufferers is growing. Currently, there’s no cure for Alzheimer’s, but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.
目标一：To listen for the information of an invention story, and learn how to tell the story behind an invention.
Activity 1: Listen to the conversation for the first time,
get the main idea of it.
It talks about the story of the invention of special socks, which are used to help old people with Alzheimer’s.
Activity 2: Listen to the conversation and number the pictures in the correct order.
1
2
3
4
5
Activity 3: Listen again and complete the notes.
Learning to learn
Exclamatory sentences express strong emotions, such as surprise, shock, joy, emphasis and excitement. These are usually formed with what or how, and in written form usually end with an exclamation mark.
is sent to a mobile
phone like an alarm when the person with it
What is it
It’s 1_________________________________________________.
Who was it invented by
It was invented by 2_________________________ called Kenneth.
Who inspired the invention
3_________________________, who has Alzheimer’s.
How does it work
4_________________ is sent to a mobile phone like an alarm when the person with it 5___________________.
a pair of socks designed for people with Alzheimer’s disease
a student from New York
His grandfather
A warning
gets out of bed
Now talk about how the speakers describe the story behind an invention. Listen again if necessary.
Mike: Hey, look! I’ve read about a cool invention in this magazine!
Anna: A pair of socks.
Mike: Yes, but they’re not ordinary socks. This is a product designed for people with Alzheimer’s disease.
Anna: Oh yes. I saw a TV show about that. It was invented by a student from New York called Kenneth. He even won an award for it at a science fair!
Mike: Wow! How did he come up with the idea
Anna: Well, his grandfather has Alzheimer’s. He forgets things and gets lost easily. Once he got lost in the city and it took a whole day to find him! The family was always worrying about him leaving the house and had to keep an eye on him - even at night! Kenneth had been trying to find a solution. Then one night, he was looking after his grandfather and saw him get out of bed and step on the floor.
That moment inspired him, and a good idea came to his mind.
Mike: I didn’t know that! How did that moment inspire him
Anna: Well, it made him think of putting a device into a pair of socks to sense pressure. He started by drawing his ideas, and then he thought about how to power the device.
Eventually, he created a device the size of a coin!
Mike: Like a coin So how does it work
Anna: He got his grandfather to wear the socks. When his feet touched the floor, the device sensed an increase of pressure, and a warning was sent to the boy’s mobile phone - like an alarm. That way, he could know his grandfather was getting out of bed without staying up all night.
Mike: How amazing! What a useful invention and caring grandson!
Anna: Yes, you are quite right.
目标二: To tell story of an invention.
Activity 1: Work in pairs. Act out the conversation about the invention of the telephone.
Student A:You are going to give a presentation about the invention of the telephone. As part of your research, you speak to Student B who has just read a book about it. Ask him / her questions to find out more information. Information you’d like to know: the inventor year of invention the inventing process the first phone call other interesting things about the invention
Useful expressions
Who invented...
When was... invented
How was... invented
What was the first phone call about
What other interesting things...
Student B:
You’ve just read a book about the invention of the telephone. Student A, who is going to give a presentation on the same topic, asks you for information.
Inventor: Alexander Graham Bell
Invention created in: 1876
Background: Bell was a teacher at a school for the deaf. He tried to invent a machine to send messages over an electronic wire. This eventually led to the idea of a telephone. Later, with his assistant, he created a device to produce and receive sound waves using electrical signals.
First phone call: On 10 March 1876, Bell made the first clear and complete phone call to his assistant, saying, “Mr Watson - come here - I want to see you.”
Other information: Bell never had a telephone in his study, where he wanted to be alone with his thoughts and work.
Useful expressions
The telephone was invented by...in...
When..., he...
He later..., and finally...
The first phone call was about...
It is interesting that...
Sample:Jack: Hi, Linda! You know I’ll give a presentation about the invention of the telephone. You’ve read about it, right Linda: Yes, I can tell you something about it.Jack: Thank you. So who invented the telephone Linda: It was invented by a teacher at a school for the deaf, whose name is Bell. Jack: When was it invented Linda: It was invented in 1876.
Jack: How was it invented Linda: Well, Bell tried to invent a machine to send messages over an electronic wire. This eventually led to the idea of a telephone. Later, with his assistant, he created a device to produce and receive sound waves using electrical signals.Jack: Wow, that’s amazing. What was the first phone call about Linda: On 10 March 1876, Bell made the first clear and complete phone call to his assistant, saying, “Mr Watson - come here - I want to see you.”Jack: Do you know any other interesting things about it Linda: Yeah, Bell himself never had a telephone in his study, where he wanted to be alone with his thoughts and work.
Activity 2: Work in pairs. Choose another story of an invention you know and have a similar conversation.
Eg: Thomas Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. Wright Brothers invented the plane in 1903. James Watt invented the steam engine in 1781.Paper making was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
1 Can you retell the story of the invention in the listening 2 What are the functions of exclamatory sentences (共28张PPT)
外研必修
第三册
Unit 3
Period 2
Grammar & Vocabulary
1
2
To know the usage of present perfect passive voice and use it correctly.
To use the words and phrases describing careers in science correctly.
目标一：To know the usage of present perfect passive voice and use it correctly
Activity 1: Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a. I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.
b. New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
1. What has happened to “you” in sentence (a)
2. Who has used new inventions to make replacement hearts and bone parts in sentence (b)
Someone has asked “you” about the title of your book before.
People have used 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
c. I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before.
d. People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
3. What is the difference between the two groups of sentences
In the first group, the words in bold show the use of the passive form with the subjects, while in the second group, the words in bold show the use of the active form with the subjects.
4. Why does the author choose to use the passive form instead of the active form in the reading passage
The author chooses to use the passive form instead of the active form to emphasise what has been done, rather than who or what does the action.
Now look for more sentences with the present perfect passive in the reading passage.
1. The New Age of Invention has just been published. (para.1)2. In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. (para.6)3. Nothing like this has been invented yet and I’d say we’re a long way from an invention like that at the moment. (para.14)
Activity 2:Read the sentences and summarise the sentence structures of present perfect passive.
*The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. *The ink has not been removed from the clothes. *Haven’t you been informed of the date of the interview *How many buildings have been built in your school
肯定式 主语+have/has been done...
否定式 主语+have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has+主语+been done...
特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done...
Activity 3: Read the groups of sentences and summarise the usage of present perfect passive.
Group 1:*My composition has already been polished again and again. *The lost boy hasn’t been found yet. *Such a thing has never been heard of before.
Summary:现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样, 强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 通常与 __________________________________ 等副词连用。
already, yet, just, never, recently
Group 2:
*Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. *Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
Summary:表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续下去, 常与____________或____________引导的时间状语连用, 或用于“____________ ”句型中。
for
since
How long
【拓展补充】常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有: already 已经(常用于肯定句)yet 已经 (常用于否定句或一般疑问句)recently/lately最近 since then从那时起 ever since自那以来 ever曾经 so far迄今为止 by now到现在为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 in recent years 在最近几年里 in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里
Group 3:*You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished. *The teacher won’t leave until all the children have been picked up. Summary:用在___________或___________状语从句中, 表示将来某时已完成的动作, 即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
时间
条件
【Attention】使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题: (1)现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词, 即 have/has和been, 两者缺一不可。(2)现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别: 一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。*The house was built last year. 这房子是去年建造的。*The house has been built. 这房子已经建好了。
(3)带有双宾语的动词, 如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。*The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently. →He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company). →A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company). (4)被动语态的句子中的主语是行为动作的承受者。需要注意的是，并不是所有的动词或词组都有被动形式。如: happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组就没有被动形式。 *Great changes have taken place in our country in the past 30 years. 过去30 年我们国家发生了巨大变化。
Activity 4: Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting - in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
1 Many things in our lives have already been affected2 3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.3 But perhaps the most significant success that have been achieved to date is in medicine.4 Human body parts, including a beating heart, have been made with 3D printing technology.5 A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Activity 5: Imagine you are Dr Moore. Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab. Use the present perfect passive where appropriate.
The lock on the door has been broken.The window has been broken.My two laptops have been stolen.Beakers and test tubes have been destroyed.The book case has been opened, and some files have been taken away while others have been thrown everywhere.The robot has been damaged.A pair of gloves have been left in the lab.
目标二：To use the words and phrases describing careers in science correctly
Activity 1: Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
physicist mathematician
chemist astronomer
geographer biologist
1. What do you know about these careers
1 A physicist is a person who does research connected with physics or who studies physics.2 A mathematician is a person who is trained in the study of numbers and calculations.3 A chemist is a person who does research connected with chemistry or who studies chemistry.4 An astronomer is a scientist who studies the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.5 A geographer is a person who studies the geography or is an expert in it. 6 A biologist is a person who studies or works in the field of biology.
2. What famous scientists can you name in these fields
Physicist: Isaac Newton 艾萨克·牛顿;
Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦Mathematician: Zu Chongzhi 祖冲之; Hua Luogeng 华罗庚Chemist: Dmitri Mendeleev 德米特里·伊万诺维奇·门捷列夫; Alfred Bernhard Nobel 阿尔弗雷德·伯纳德·诺贝尔 Astronomer: Zhang Heng 张衡; Galileo Galilei 伽利略·伽利雷Geographer: Xu Xiake 徐霞客; Pei Xiu 裴秀Biologist: T.C.Tung 童第周
Activity 2: Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in the Activity above. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers.
Learning to learn
Words about different careers in science can be formed by adding -er, -ist or -ian at the end of the words about subjects, eg biology — biologist.
Guo Shoujing (1231-1316) was a famous Chinese 1_____________ of the Yuan dynasty. He invented twelve new instruments to study stars and planets. He also developed a calendar which is as accurate as the Gregorian calendar. A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him.British 2___________ Charles Darwin (1809–1882) is best known for his work On the Origin of Species, in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection. His ideas deeply influence our understanding of the relationship between humans and nature.
astronomer
biologist
Li Daoyuan (ca 466-527) was a famous writer and 3_____________ of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He did field research across China and studied more than a thousand rivers and streams, along with the landscape, history and culture of the surrounding areas.Marie Curie (1867–1934) was a world-famous 4 __________, and was first awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903 for her extraordinary work on radioactivity. She was also regarded as a brilliant 5________, and was again awarded the Nobel Prize in 1911 for the isolation of pure radium.Chen Jingrun (1933–1996) was one of the world’s leading 6______________. His work on Chen’s Theorem made an important advance towards proving Goldbach’s Conjecture (哥德巴赫猜想), the greatest unsolved problem in number theory.
geographer
physicist
chemist
mathematicians
Activity 3: Work in pairs. Think about other careers in science and discuss what interests you most.
I’m interested in the work of a(n)... because...
1 Can you summarize the usage of present perfect voice 2 Can you list careers in science as many as possible (共36张PPT)
外研必修
第三册
Unit 3
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas (I)
1
2
To read the script of the science fiction and watch the video to learn the progress of science.
To get the main idea of an interview, find out detailed information about the inventions of the past and now and what inspires people to invent things, voice your opinions about inspiration for invention.
目标一：To read the script of the science fiction and watch the video to learn the progress of science
Activity 1: Read about the inventions from famous novels and choose those that have became a reality.
The third and fourth inventions have become a reality. People nowadays can have video chats with each other via mobile phones and computers connected to the Internet. And many newspapers have offered their readers free digital editions. Furthermore, live chat rooms make it possible for people to communicate with reporters, statesmen and scientists.
Activity 2: Watch the video and fill in the table and answer the questions.
The invention mentioned in the video
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1) Which of the inventions in the video interests you most Why 2) Which of the inventions in the video do you think will become a reality 3) Of all the inventions in the world, which do you think is the most useful Why
The inventions and life changes mentioned in the video
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Special clothes that can change according to our surroundings.
Cars that can fly and go underwater.
Going on holidays to other planets.
Medicines that can easily cure diseases like cancer and AIDS.
Be able to live for more than 120 years.
Pills that make us small enough to explore tiny things.
Special technology applied to our brains to translate any foreign language.
目标二：To get the main idea of an interview, find out detailed information about the inventions of the past and now and what inspires people to invent things, voice your opinions about inspiration for invention
Activity 1: Look at the pictures and talk about how the way we live has changed over time. Discuss the reasons behind these changes.
In the past:People lived a traditional and simple life. Much manual work is done by hand. Besides hard living conditions, people studied in a more passive way.At present:Technology is one of the most important factors to promote our society to develop from one era to another. Whether you are aware of it or not, every day at every time, technology is greatly influencing the way we live and puters, new technology in the 21st century, are the best examples. As the greatest inventions of human beings, they are being used more and more extensively in the world today. Especially when their functions are amplified with the help of the Internet, computers may even make everything convenient and possible.
Activity 2: Look at the title and pictures, answer the question.
What is the genre of the passage
The New Age of Invention
It is an interview.
Activity 3: Read the passage quickly, and answer the questions.
1. Who is the interviewee 2. What is the main idea of the interview
1 The interviewee is Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published, an inventor as a member of a big team.2 It talks inventions through history and inspiration for invention.
Activity 4: Read the passage quickly to match the main idea of each part.
1 Paragraphs 1~22 Paragraphs 3~43 Paragraphs 5~84 Paragraphs 9~125 Paragraphs 13~14
A The advances in different areas thanks to technology.B The inspiration for more inventions.C Greeting between the interviewer and Richard.D The possibility of making time machine.E The on going great age of invention.
Activity 5: Read the interview and find out what inventions are mentioned.
gunpowder, papermaking, printing, the compass, the steam engine, the telephone, the radio, virtual reality, wearable tech, flexible battery, 3D printers, intelligent walking house, GPS technology, eco-friendly solar technology, time machine.
Activity 6: Choose the sentences that describe Dr Fairhurst’s opinions.
1 Inventions in Ancient China were better than those in the West.2 A lot of today’s great inventions are tech-based.3 Today, most inventors prefer working by themselves.4 The desire to solve problems inspires invention.5 A time machine will definitely be invented in the future.
Activity 7: Read the interview carefully and finish the tasks.
Task 1: Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
1. How does Richard prove we are in the great new age of technology
2. What are the inspirations to invent things
By giving examples.
A desire to solve a problem and an incredible desire to think and create.
Task 2: Read the interview again and write T for true and F for false.1 It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions, and many people might think that the great age of invention is coming.2 Most of the great inventions are tech-based today.3 An intelligent walking house using GPS technology to travel has become a reality now. 4 A time machine will possibly be invented in the future.
F
F
T
T
Activity 8: Complete the mind map with information from the passage.
Ancient China- 1___________________
_________________________
gunpowder, papermaking
printing and the compass
the West- 2__________
___________________
the steam engine
the telephone, the radio
virtual reality
wearable tech
3________________
the flexible battery
replacement 4______
___________ made by
3D printers
5______________________
using GPS, computing technology and 6_____________
hearts
and bone parts
an intelligent walking house
recognising 7_______
_________________
8_________________
__________________
a problem
that needs a solution
an incredible desire to think and create
solar technology
Activity 9: Think & Share
1. If you were the interviewer, what other questions would you ask Dr Richard Fairhurst
2. In your opinion, what else inspires people to invent things
(1) What inventions are you working on at the moment (2) What benefits will your inventions bring to human beings (3) What do you think is the best and most useful invention in the 20th and 21st century Why (4) Can you name some inventions you are looking forward to
As is known to all, interest is the best teacher. So in my opinion, it’s very important to arouse people’s interest in exploring science. In addition, it’s the strong curiosity and rich imagination that greatly stimulate people’s creativity.
外研必修
第三册
Unit 3
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas (II)
Activity 10: Find the important words, phrases, and language points you want to share with your partner. Then discuss in groups and share their usage with the class.
1 as well as 和……一样好；也， 还； 除了……之外，还有【教材原文】For example, advances in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing further developments.
例如，虚拟现实和可穿戴技术以及折叠电池的进步，意味着我们将很快看到进一步的发展。
【知识感悟】※He speaks English as well as a native speaker. ※The girl is lively as well as healthy. ※Hiking is good exercise as well as fun. ※I am going to London and my sister is going as well.
【知识归纳】(1)as well as构成同级比较结构, 意为“和……一样好”, 引导一个状语从句, 表示“比较”。(2)连接两个并列的同等成分, 意为“不但……而且……”, “既……又……”, 这时相当于not only. . . but also. . . (3)当作复杂介词, 意思是“除了……之外, 还有”, 后面通常接名词或动名词, 相当于besides, apart from, in addition to。
【知识延伸】连接两个并列成分作主语时, 句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或数保持一致。※Mary as well as I has been to the Great Wall. 我和玛丽都去过长城。【即学即用】语法填空(1) Her students as well as her husband _______ (be) given the chance to visit the Great Wall. (2）You can’t expect her to do the housework as well as _______ (look) after the children.
were
looking
2 in addition 此外, 另外, 还有thanks to 多亏了……; 由于……的帮助【教材原文】In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.
除此之外，由于电脑技术的进步，医药和环境科学取得了重大进步。
【知识感悟】※In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. ※We play football in addition to playing basketball. ※In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money.
【知识归纳】in addition __ 除……之外in addition to中的to为“介词”, 所以后接动词作宾语时要用动名词。in addition位于句末, 相当于 “as well”【知识延伸】
besides 除……外还有(包括在之内)
as well as 除……外; 和, 还, 而且
in addition to 除……之外(还有)
apart from =besides除……外(尚有)
except for 除……外(指具体的细节方面)
【即学即用】用表示“除……外”有关词语填空(1) I know nothing about her ___________ where she lives. (2) His composition is good, ___________ some spelling mistakes. (3) The room is empty ___________ a broken chair.
except
except for
apart from
【知识感悟】※Thanks to the doctor, I am well again. ※Thanks to your help, I finished the work on time. ※Thanks for lending me your umbrella.
【知识归纳】(1)thanks to相当于because of. . . 或 with the help of. . . , 在此短语中, to是一个“介词”, 后接名词或代词。(2)thanks for = thank you for “为……感谢”强调感谢的原因。
【知识延伸】
due to 用于较庄重的书面语中, 侧重“起因于”, 在句中多作表语, 有时作状语
owing to 可以和due to换用, 但在句中多作状语, 也可作表语
because of 着重某种原因的理由, 在句中通常作状语
thanks to 突出一种感激之情, 含“多亏”意味
【即学即用】用due to, owing to, because of, thanks to补全句子(1) All our achievements are _________ his support. (2) _________ his assistance, we got out of the dark cave safely. (3) _________ the bad weather, we didn’t go to the park. (4) All flights have been cancelled _________ the bad weather.
due to
Thanks to
Owing to
because of
3 in terms of 就……来说, 用……话来说, 根据【教材原文】In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.
就环境而言，现在有可能制造智能移动房屋。
【知识感悟】※How do the two techniques compare in terms of application ※In terms of quantity, production grew faster than ever before.※He referred to your work in terms of high praise.
【知识延伸】 in... terms 在……方面 in the long term 从长远来看【即学即用】完成句子(1) Paris has played a dominant role in France, not just ______________ but also in economic power. 不仅仅在政治方面, 而且在经济实力上巴黎在法国也都一直处于支配地位。(2) It can not be measured _______________. 这是不能用金钱衡量的。
in political terms
in terms of money
4 lead to 引起, 导致, 造成【教材原文】Now, reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles.
如今，紧缩的能源供应和环境污染已经促使新能源交通工具取得了更大进展。
【知识感悟】Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.※He walks with a stick but still leads his soldiers into battle. Salesmen do their best to lead people on to buy things they do not need. ※All roads lead to Rome.
【知识归纳】(1)lead to中to为“介词”, 后接名词或动词-ing形式。(2)lead sb. to/into sp. 译为“带领某人去某地”(3)lead sb. to do sth. 引导、带领、怂恿某人做什么=lead sb. into doing sth.
【即学即用】完成句子①Lack of exercise can __________ feelings of depression and exhaustion. 缺乏锻炼会导致抑郁和疲劳。②Mother had _____________ the new baby was a kind of present for me. 母亲让我相信新出生的宝宝是给我的一个礼物。(3)He took Dickon by the hand _____________________. 他牵着Dickon的手把他领进屋。
lead to
led me to believe
to lead him into the house
Activity 11: Complete the summary with suitable words or the right forms of the words in the bracket according to the passage.
Dr Richard Fairhurst,1_______ new book The New Age of Invention has just been published, is being interviewed. The following is what he tells us.There 2_________ (be) golden ages of invention throughout history. In Ancient China, there were four great 3_________ (invent): gunpowder, paper-making, printing and the compass. They 4_______ (change) the world forever. There were the great Western inventions: the steam engine, the telephone, and 5_______ radio. And now, we are in the great new age of technology, when most of the new great inventions are tech-based.
whose
have been
inventions
changed
the
For example, advances in virtual 6_______ (real), wearable tech and the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing further developments.7_______ addition, new inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. What’s more, it’s possible 8_______ (create) an intelligent walking house.Most inventions start with 9___________ (recognise) a problem that needs a solution. But what remains 10_________ (importance) is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention.
reality
In
to create
recognising
important
1 Can you introduce the four inventions in ancient China 2 According to Dr. Richard Fairhurst, what is it that inspires us to invent things
