Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks Section A Grammar Focus-4c课件(共32张PPT，含内嵌视频)人教版英语八年级下册

(共32张PPT)
Unit 2
I'll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A (Grammar Focus~4c)
新课导入
Let's enjoy a video
2
1
能熟悉并正确运用本课时的重点单词和短语
能区分put up, hand out, call up, cheer up,
come up with, give out, put off 等动词短语的含义
3
能正确使用动词不定式
预习检测
1. Because of the typhoon, we________having the meeting.
A.put up B.put on C.put off D.put away
2. Let’s________the notices to tell people about the Clean-Up Day.
A.give up B.give off C.give away D.give out
3. Volunteering our time to help others is a good way________our time.
A.to spend B.spending C.spend D.spent
C
D
A
4. I have no idea about what________to help those in trouble.
A.doing B.to do C.do D.did
5.Please________a plan to work out the problem.
A.call up B.cheer up C.come up with D.hand out
C
B
知识梳理
Language points
动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式：
肯定： to do 否定： not to do
例：He wants to see a movie tonight. 他今晚想看电影。
My teacher advised me not to stay up late.我的老师建议我不要熬夜。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。
一、(不定式作宾语) 即 (动词+ to do sth.)
接动词不定式的作宾语的词：（多表示“计划，打算”等还未发生的动作。）
要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)，敢于计划准备(dare, plan, prepare)，拒绝提供失败(refuse, offer, fail)，觉得好像答应（seem, promise）。
eg. ①我们决定谈论一下去哪里度假。
We decided to talk about where to go for a holiday.
②他宁可吃白面包和米饭。He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
接不定式作宾语的动词一般有：
三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝; 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。
【妙语诠释】：
三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse
设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide
不要假装在选择：pretend，choose
注意：1.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, remember,tell..., 可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。
eg. ①我不知道把车停在哪里。I don't know where to park my car.
②我还没决定去哪儿。I haven't decided where to go.
2.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / think... it+ adj. / n.+ to do...
eg.①我发现记住所有的很难。
I find it difficult to remember everything.
②我觉得冬天堆雪人是很有趣的。
I think it interesting to make snowmen in winter.
【拓展】：It's adj. for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说是...的。（形容事）
It's adj. of sb to do sth.某人做某事是...的。（形容人）
二、不定式作宾语补足语 即 （动词+宾语+to do）
带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。
如：①My parents tell me to work hard at English.
②Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.
③Mother told me not to come home late.
④I'd like you to meet my family.
注意：
1.接不带to的动词不定式作宾补的词有:四看（look at, see, watch, notice）、三使（let, make, have）二听（hear, listen to）、一感觉（feel）
eg. ①I hear him sing every night. ②We saw her play the piano last night.
③It made me feel sad. ④Let him go, please.
2.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。（在主动语态句里省略to。在被动语态里需要补充to）
eg. ①They can help you to learn English.
②Using email helps you write quickly.
三、不定式作目的状语
目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。
eg. 1. In order to catch the early bus , she got up very early.
为了赶上早班车，她起床非常早。
2. A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
一群年轻人为了讨论这个问题聚在一起。
3. 她来到这座城市看望她的女儿。
She came to this city to visit her daughter.
四、不定式作后置定语
e.g. Claire missed a great chance to make a lot of money.
克莱尔错过了一个赚大钱的机会。
重点探究
巩固动词不定式的用法
Revision
1. 动词不定式的肯定结构：
2. 动词不定式的否定形式：
3. 动词不定式在句中可作：
to+动词原形
not to+动词原形
宾语、状语和宾语补足语
阅读Grammar Focus中的句子,找出每个句子中的动词不定式(短语)。
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
Group work
小组讨论这些动词不定式(短语)的句法作用,说出用动词不定式在句子分别充当宾语、状语和宾补造句。
小组展示
1 组
2 组
3 组
4 组
Pair work
两人一组，造三个动词不定式分别作宾语、状语和宾补的句子，同桌之间相互点评。
4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs
in the box.
help move do make visit spend
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs 1.________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what 2. ________ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do 3. _________ others.
to help
to make
to do
help move do make visit spend
There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way 4. ________ our free time. For example, we can make plans 5.________ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year 6. ________ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
to spend
to visit
to move
1. to make to不定式做后置定语。现在大部分人只关心获得份好工作以挣大钱。
2. to do 复合不定式做宾语。在业余时间，他们考虑做什么事情来休闲或娱乐。
3. to help 做目的状语。然而，没有人考虑他们可以做些什么事情来帮助他人。
指导
4. to spend 做定语。志愿花时间帮助这些人是打发 业余时间的一种好方式。
5. to visit 做宾语补足语。我们可以制定计划去医院探望生病的儿童或……
6. to move 做目的状语。一些人甚至停止工作几个月到一年而移居到其他地方。
4c. Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
1. I’d like to volunteer _____________________________________________
2. At 12: a.m., I called my friend _____________________________________________
3. I’m very busy but I could help
_________________________________________
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want _________________________________________
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not) _________________________________________
to help kids with their homework.
to play soccer together in the afternoon.
take the trash out after dinner.
to go camping with my friends.
not to do that.
活动小结
当堂检测见DCF课件
通过以上活动，我们通过练习巩固了动词不定式的用法，动词不定式的肯定结构：1._____________。动词不定式的否定形式：2._______________。动词不定式在句中可作：3.________________________。同时还学习了一些重点词汇，如：be worried about意为4.“________________”；stop doing sth.意为5.“_____________”，表示停止正在做的事情；one of +6.___________，意为“……之一”；raise money for意为“7.______________”。
to+动词原形
not to+动词原形
停止做某事
为……而担心
宾语、状语和宾语补足语
名词复数
为……筹钱
动词短语的用法
根据中文说出英文
张贴
使...振奋起来
打电话给....；征召
分发
想出
推迟
打扫干净
分发；散发
照顾；非常喜欢
曾经
4a. Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
1. I want to _______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to ______ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
put off
call up
3. Our class is trying to ____________ some ideas to ________ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ______ signs around the school and ________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _______ the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
Pair work
translate the sentences in 4a.
小组展示
1 组
2 组
3 组
4 组
Group work
小组内讨论4a中动词短语的构成及用法。
这些短语是“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”的动词短语，遇宾格代词放中间。
Game time
全班同学分成四组进行游戏，A组代表说出曾经学过的一个动词短语，B组代表说出其含义以及动词短语的类型，例如：look at “看” 动词+介词短语 ；give up“放弃”动词+副词短语，然后B组代表说一个动词短语，C组同学回答，依次循环。
活动小结
当堂检测见DCF课件
通过以上活动，我们学习了动词短语的用法，在英语中，许多动词和介词或副词连用，构成一个固定的词组，这个词组可以看做一个整体，与实义动词用法相同，这类词叫做1.___________。动词短语的类型有：2.____________，相当于及物动词，其后跟宾语，举例：come from ；3.____________。如果宾语是名词，可放在副词之后，也可放在动词与副词之间，如果宾语是4.______，只能放在动词和副词之间，举例：cheer up，cheer him up；5.________________，相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后，举例：come up with。
动词短语
动词+介词
动词+副词
代词
动词+副词+介词
当堂检测
一、完成句子。
1. My brother wants _______ (be) a pilot.
2. You’ll never learn _______ (ride) a bike if you don’t practice.
3. Mike taught his grandpa how _______ (use) the computer.
4. Mr. Smith helped the young man ______ (find) a job.
5. The students decided _______ (work) out the problem by themselves.
6. He volunteers _______ (work) on the farm.
to ride
to be
to use
to find
to work
to work
课堂总结
Unit 2
Section A (Grammar Focus~4c)
重点词汇：
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
call up 打电话给（某人） ；征招
put up 张贴
hand out 分发
动词不定式用法：
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
1. 做动词宾语
cheer up （使） 变得更高兴
come up with 想出；提出
give out 分发；散发
put off 推迟
2. 做宾语补足语
3. 作目的状语。
4. 作后置定语。