2023~2024学年高二上学期12月月考
英语
考生注意:
1. 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分, 满分150分, 考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前, 考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3. 考生作答时, 请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑; 非选择题请用直径0.5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效, 在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where did the woman park her car
A. On Menzies Street, B. On Swinton Road C. On Swan Street.
2. What will the woman probably do on Thursday
A. Meet her parents. B. Go for a picnic. C. Work late.
3. What is the man dissatisfied with
A. The noisy fan. B. The hot temperature. C. The careless organizer.
4. What is the most likely reason for the woman to book the conference room
A. For an urgent meeting. B. For a business party. C. For a retirement party.
5. How does the man sound
A. Pleased B. Unconfident. C. Angry.
第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A, B, C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间, 每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7 题。
6 Where does the conversation take place
A. In a restaurant. B. In the school hall. C. At a bus station.
7. How long did it take the man to get to the place to eat
A. 15 minutes. B. 20 minutes. C. 30 minutes.
听第7段材料, 回答第8 至10 题。
8. What did the man do last weekend
A. He took a walk. B. He wrote a report. C. He visited his aunt.
9. Why does the man give up visiting the Novo Band
A. He can’t afford the ticket. B. The performance seems boring. C. There will be too many people.
10. What do the speakers decide to do on Sunday
A. Play tennis. B. Watch a film. C. Go surfing.
听第8段材料, 回答第11 至13 题。
11. What happened to the girl
A. She was ill. B. Her eye was hit. C. She was late for class.
12. Who is Liam probably
A. The girl’s brother. B. The girl’s father. C. The girl’s classmate.
13. Why did the girl fail to call the man
A. Her phone was broken. B. Her phone was out of power. C. She forgot to bring her phone.
听第9 段材料, 回答第14 至17题。
14. Why does the woman tell the man the story of Michaela
A. To help him. B. To encourage him. C. To persuade him.
15. When did Michaela decide to be a ballet dancer
A. When she saw a picture, B. When she was adopted. C. When she visited a ballet school.
16. Where did Michaela learn to dance at first
A. In Boston, B. In Philadelphia. C. In Amsterdam.
17. What does Michaela plan to do
A. Write a book. B. Run a magazine. C. Set up a school.
听第10段材料, 回答第18 至20 题。
18. What is the speaker doing
A. Teaching a class. B. Reporting a news story. C. Chairing a meeting.
19. What did Dave Godber intend to do
A. Go on holiday. B. Attend a match. C. Look for another job.
20. What do we know about the football team
A. It will have a new director. B. It has won every match this year. C. It needs improving its performance.
第二部分 阅读 (共两节, 满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four Best Zoos in the US
Saint Louis Zoo
Saint Louis Zoo is devoted to research and conservation. In 2022, it received the Worldwide Conservation Award from the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums for research and work in the Galdpagos Islands. The zoo is home to more than 16,000 animals, which are kept in clean and spacious natural habitats (栖息地). Open year-round and free to visit, Saint Louis Zoo houses Andean bears, polar bears and Surnatran orangutans, to name a few.
Zoo Atlanta
Opened in 1889 and one of the oldest zoos in the US, Zoo Atlanta is one of the top zoos worth visiting in Atlanta. Home to giant pandas, Sumatran tigers and western lowland gorillas (猩猩), the zoo participates in local and global conservation programs. Visitors say the gorillas and giant pandas are two of the highlights here. Adults (12-64): $34; Seniors (65 & over): $ 32; Children (3-11): $26; Children (3 & under): free.
Bronx Zoo
With more than 700 species and an area of 265 acres, Bronx Zoo in New York City is the largest urban zoo in the US. Since it’s hard to see the entire zoo in one day, prioritize must-see attractions like the Wild Asia Monorail (单列车) and the Congo Gorilla Forest during your visit. Adults (13 & over): $33. 95+; Seniors (65 & over): $28. 95+; Children (3-12): $23. 95+; Children (2 & under); free.
Oakland Zoo
Oakland Zoo is situated about 20 miles east of downtown San Francisco, It is home to more than 850 native and foreign species. Visitors can see African lions, American alligators and grizzly bears in large natural habitats, Zoogoers say they like the hillside layout and the Sky Ride that affords bird’s-eye views of the animals. Children under 2 years and seniors (76+) : free; Children (2-14) and adults (15-75): $15.75.
1. Which zoo is awarded for its research
A. Saint Louis Zoo. B. Bronx Zoo. C. Zoo Atlanta. D. Oakland Zoo.
2. What can visitors do in Zoo Atlanta
A. Take the Sky Ride. B. Ride the Wild Asia Monorail.
C. Admire giant pandas D. Walk through the Congo Gorilla Forest.
3. How much should a young couple with a one-year-old child pay to visit Oakland Zoo
A. $15.75. B. $31.5. C. $33.95. D. $47.9.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国四大最佳动物园的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Saint Louis Zoo 部分中“In 2022, it received the Worldwide Conservation Award from the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums for research and work in the Galdpagos Islands. (2022年，由于在加拉帕戈斯群岛的研究和工作，它获得了世界动物园和水族馆协会颁发的世界保护奖)”可知，圣路易斯动物园因它的研究而获奖。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Zoo Atlanta部分中“Home to giant pandas, Sumatran tigers and western lowland gorillas (猩猩), the 200 participates in local and global conservation programs. (该动物园是大熊猫、苏门答腊虎和西部低地大猩猩的家园，参与了当地和全球的保护项目)”可知，在亚特兰大动物园，游客可以观赏大熊猫。故选C。
【3题详解】
数字计算题。根据Oakland Zoo部分中“Children under 2 years and seniors (76+) : free; Children (2-14) and adults (15-75): $ 15.75. (2岁以下儿童及76岁以上老人免费；儿童(2-14岁)和成人(15-75岁)：15.75美元)”可知，一对带着一个一岁小孩的年轻夫妻游览奥克兰动物园需要支付15.75×2=31.5 美元。故选B。
B
Exploring the peaks (山顶) of the world’s highest mountains or the secrets of space has become almost second nature for Poorna Malavath and Kavya Manyapu. It has taken Manyapu to NASA where her research has included designing space suits, and Malavath to the top of Mount Everest in 2014, when she became the youngest ever woman to climb the world’s highest mountain at the age of just 13.
Now, the two women have channeled their exploring spirit into climbing some of the world’s most difficult mountains as part of their campaign, Project Shakthi, which raises money to fund girls’ education.
At the end of August, they climbed a 6,012-meter virgin peak in Ladakh, India-one previously unmapped and untouched by humans, Never climbed before, the mountain presented difficult challenges for even an experienced mountaineer like Malavath, for there were neither routes to follow nor advice from previous climbers to cling to. “We have to prepare ourselves mentally to accept everything,” Malavath says.
Every member of the team experienced some form of altitude sickness (高原反应) while climbing up the virgin peak. Rainy weather conditions that turned to snow at high altitudes added to the complexities of climbing the mountain. And for a relatively inexperienced climber like Manyapu, though she had trained extensively, the challenges were even greater.
In the group’s darkest moments on the journey, they found motivation in Project Shakthi’s purpose: “We climb so that girls can read”, a deeply personal cause for both Malavath and Manyapu.
In the meantime, the project has already begun selecting girls who will receive its sponsorship through the $12,000 it has raised so far. “Poorna and I actually visited our village back in India right after we completed our exploration of the virgin peak,” Manyapu says, “And we are starting the project in our village because that’s where our roots are.”
Eventually, the project will aim to sponsor girls across the globe, empowering them and offering them opportunities to receive education.
4. What is the purpose of Project Shakthi
A. To design space suits. B. To map mountain peaks.
C. To explore the secrets of space. D. To collect money for girls’ education.
5. What does the underlined phrase “cling to” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Ignore. B. Turn down. C. Rely on. D. Give.
6. Which of the following best describes climbing the virgin peak
A. Dangerous. B. Unnecessary. C. Unchallenging. D. Interesting.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. Kavya Manyapu’s Achievements in Studying Space
B. Two Successful Women Climbed a Mountain for Charity
C. Girls in the Villages Have Long Suffered Unfair Treatment
D. Difficulties Poorna Malavath Experienced When Climbing Mount Everest
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了普尔纳·马拉瓦特和卡维亚·马尼亚二人的登山活动和为了慈善攀登一座山做出的努力。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Project Shakthi, which raises money to fund girls’ education. (Shakthi项目，筹集资金资助女孩教育)”可知， Shakthi 项目的目的是筹钱资助女孩接受教育。故选D。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词组前“for there were neither routes to follow nor advice from previous climbers to (因为既没有路线可走，也没有以前登山者的建议)”可推断，此处的意思是“没有以前登山者的建议可依靠”。A. Ignore忽略；B. Turn down把音量调低；C. Rely on依靠；D. Give给予。画线词组的意思和 Rely on 最接近。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“a 6,012-meter virgin peak in Ladakh, India-one previously unmapped and untouched by humans, Never climbed before, the mountain presented difficult challenges for even an experienced mountaineer like Malavath(这是印度拉达克6012米高的处女峰，以前从未被人类绘制过，也从未被攀登过，即使是像马拉瓦特这样经验丰富的登山者也面临着艰难的挑战)”和第四段中“Every member of the team experienced some form of altitude sickness (高原反应) while climbing up the virgin peak. Rainy weather conditions that turned to snow at high altitudes added to the complexities of climbing the mountain. (登山队的每个成员在攀登圣母峰时都经历了某种形式的高原反应。多雨的天气条件在高海拔地区变成了雪，这增加了攀登珠峰的复杂性。)”可推断，爬拉达克的处女峰十分危险。故选A。
【7题详解】
标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Now, the two women have channeled their exploring spirit into climbing some of the world’s most difficult mountains as part of their campaign, Project Shakthi, which raises money to fund girls’ education. (现在，这两个女人把她们的探索精神引导到攀登世界上最困难的一些山峰上，这是她们的活动“Shakthi项目”的一部分，该活动为女孩的教育筹集资金。)”可知，本文主要讲的是两个成功的女人为了慈善攀登一座山。所以，用B项“Two Successful Women Climbed a Mountain for Charity”作为本文的题目与文章主题相符合。故选B。
C
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society suggests that Leonardo da Vinci was more experimental with his well-known “Mona Lisa” than previously thought and was likely the creator of a technique seen in works used a century later.
A team of scientists in France and Britain has detected a rare mineral compound (矿物化合物), plumbonacrite, within the piece. Plumbonacrite forms when lead oxides (铅氧化物) combine with oil. Mixing these two substances is the technique that later artists like Rembrandt used to help the paint dry, according to the study.
Detecting the rare compound in the “Mona Lisa” suggested that Leonardo could have been the original user of this approach, said Gilles Wallez, an author of the study. “Everything that comes from Leonardo is very interesting, because he had lots of ideas, and he was an experimenter, attempting to improve the knowledge of his time,” Wallez said, “Each time you discovered something in his processes, you discovered that he was clearly ahead of his time.”
The “Mona Lisa”, like many other paintings from the 16th century, was created on a piece of wood that required a thick base layer. The researchers believed that Leonardo had made his mixture of lead oxide powder with linseed oil to produce the thick coat of paint needed for the first layer, while unknowingly creating the rare compound.
Nowadays, researchers aren’t allowed to take samples from the masterpiece, which resides at the Louvre in Paris and is protected behind glass. Using a microsample that had been taken from an area of the artwork just behind the frame, however, scientists were able to analyze the paint by using a high-tech machine. “These samples have a very high cultural value,” Wallez said. “You can’t afford to take big samples on a painting.”
8. Why is Rembrandt mentioned in paragraph 2
A. To demonstrate his unique talent for painting.
B. To explain how he used the technique correctly.
C. To stress what made him different from other painters.
D. To show the technique was useful for drying the paint.
9. What did Wallez think of Leonardo da Vinci
A. Independent. B. Strict. C. Pioneering. D. Friendly.
10. How did researchers think Leonardo da Vinci created the rare compound
A. By accident. B. With other painters’ help.
C. By reading many books. D. Through various attempts.
11. What can be learned about the “Mona Lisa” from the last paragraph
A. It didn’t contain plumbonacrite. B. Analyzing its paint is invaluable but costly.
C. It was created in the 17th century. D. Taking its samples is an easy task now.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，一项研究表明，达·芬奇在创作著名的《蒙娜丽莎》时，比人们之前认为的更具实验性，而且很可能是一个世纪后的作品中使用的一种技巧的创造者。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Mixing these two substances is the technique that later artists like Rembrandt used to help the paint dry, according to the study.(根据这项研究，混合这两种物质是Rembrandt等后来的艺术家用来帮助颜料干燥的技术)”可知，作者提及Rembrandt是为了表明这种技巧，即把氧化铅与油混合在一起使用，能让颜料变干。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“‘Everything that comes from Leonardo is very interesting, because he had lots of ideas, and he was an experimenter, attempting to improve the knowledge of his time,’ Wallez said, ‘Each time you discovered something in his processes, you discovered that he was clearly ahead of his time.’(‘来自达·芬奇的一切都非常有趣，因为他有很多想法，他是一个实验者，试图提高他那个时代的知识，’Wallez说，‘每次你在他的过程中发现一些东西，你就会发现他明显领先于他的时代。’)”可推断，Wallez认为达·芬奇对于他所在的时代具有开拓性、先驱性。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers believed that Leonardo had made his mixture of lead oxide powder with linseed oil to produce the thick coat of paint needed for the first layer, while unknowingly creating the rare compound.(研究人员认为，达·芬奇将氧化铅粉和亚麻籽油混合在一起，制作了第一层所需的厚层颜料，而他却在不知不觉中创造了这种罕见的化合物)”可知，研究人员认为达·芬奇是偶然地创造了这种罕见的化合物。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“…scientists were able to analyze the paint by using a high-tech machine. ‘These samples have a very high cultural value,’ Wallez said. ‘You can’t afford to take big samples on a painting.’(科学家们利用从画框后面的艺术品区域采集的显微样本，通过使用高科技机器分析了颜料。‘这些样本具有很高的文化价值，’Wallez说。‘你无法承担从一幅画上取下大样本的后果。’)”可推断，分析《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画的颜料是有价值的，但代价很高。故选B。
D
Salmon are cold-water fish, so they can get quite stressed when swimming up increasingly warm rivers to spawn (产卵). A new study shows that by installing ”cooling stations” in those rivers, we could help the threatened fish make the trip.
While global warming is causing river temperatures to rise, spawning salmon still get some “breath” at what are known as shelters. These are places where cool water from underground springs flows into the main river, bringing the water temperature down.
However, due to the effects of climate change, natural shelters are becoming less common and making less of a difference. With that problem in mind, hydrology PhD candidate Kathryn Smith and her colleagues from Canada’s Dalhousie University set about creating human-made shelters. Two such shelters-an active one and a passive one were tested in rivers in the province of Nova Scotia this summer.
The active shelter used a pump (泵) to deliver cool groundwater from an urban well into a warm stretch of river creating a cooling water flow which extended at least 60 meters downstream. In the passive shelter, a covered trench (沟渠) was used to direct water from a meander (曲流) back into the main river. During the time the redirected water was blocked from the sunlight, its temperature dropped accordingly.
Even when these shelters cooled the water by only a few degrees, spawning salmon could easily gather in these areas. What’s more, greater numbers of the fish gathered at the stations during a heat wave.
Smith is now planning on scaling up the technology for more extensive testing. She is presenting her research this week at the Geological Society of America’s GSA Connects 2023 meeting in Pittsburgh.
12. What problem are salmon faced with
A. Rubbish in the river is increasing. B. Fishermen catch them without limit.
C. Rivers are getting warmer and warmer. D. The temperature of rivers remains unchanged.
13. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. How salmon behave in shelters. B. How the two shelters work.
C. The terrible effect of climate change. D. The high price of building the shelters.
14. What can be inferred from paragraph 5
A. The shelters made a big difference. B. Salmon preferred to travel in groups.
C. Salmon liked to spawn in clean water. D. The shelters heated the water quickly.
15. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Sports. D. Environment.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过在这些河流中安装“冷却站”，帮助受威胁的鱼类完成这一旅程的原因和具体做法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Salmon are cold-water fish, so they can get quite stressed when swimming up increasingly warm rivers to spawn (产卵) (鲑鱼是冷水鱼，所以当它们游向越来越温暖的河流产卵时，它们会感到相当紧张)”及第二段中“While global warming is causing river temperatures to rise (虽然全球变暖导致河流温度上升)”可知，鲑鱼所面临的问题是河水温度越来越高。故选C。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。通读第四段“The active shelter used a pump (泵) to deliver cool groundwater from an urban well into a warm stretch of river, creating a cooling water flow which extended at least 60 meters downstream. In the passive shelter, a covered trench (沟渠) was used to direct water from a meander (曲流) back into the main river. During the time the redirected water was blocked from the sunlight, its temperature dropped accordingly. (主动掩体使用泵将城市井中的冷却地下水输送到温暖的河流中，形成至少向下游延伸60米的冷却水流。在被动掩体中，一条有盖的沟渠被用来将曲流中的水引回主河。在重新定向的水与阳光隔绝期间，其温度相应下降)”可知，本段主要介绍了两个庇护所是如何运作的。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Even when these shelters cooled the water by only a few degrees, spawning salmon could easily gather in these areas. (即使这些避难所只将水冷却几度，产卵的鲑鱼也很容易聚集在这些地区)”可推知，庇护所起到了很大的作用。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“However, due to the effects of climate change, natural shelters are becoming less common and making less of a difference. (然而，由于气候变化的影响，自然庇护所正变得越来越不常见，所起的作用也越来越小)”可知，文章主要介绍了通过在这些河流中安装“冷却站”，帮助受威胁的鱼类完成这一旅程的原因和具体做法。由此推知，本文最可能来自报纸的“环境”版块。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Overcome Your Fears
Here are five practical strategies that will help you overcome your fears and face a brighter future.
Identify your fears
Take a moment to explore inward and identify the specific sources of your fears. Recognize what it is that is holding you back. Ask yourself, “What are you genuinely afraid of ” Spend a few quiet moments observing your thoughts and emotions. ___16___.
Understand the root cause
Spend some time exploring the nature of your fears. Begin reflective thinking by asking yourself, “Why am I experiencing fear ” and “What is causing me to feel anxious ” ___17___, you will gain an understanding of the factors behind your fears. When you deeply understand the sources of your fears, you are in a better position to overcome them.
Practice acceptance
The journey of overcoming fear requires acceptance. ___18___. Instead, it is a catalyst (催化剂) that guides you on the path of personal development. By recognizing that fear is a universal human emotion that everyone faces at certain times, you can employ its energy for positive purposes.
___19___
To overcome your fears effectively, you need to set clear and achievable goals. That’s because you can use a sense of purpose to drive you forward on your journey. In addition, breaking down your broader goals into smaller ones is important.
Take action
___20___. Start small by dealing with the least frightening aspect of your fear and gradually work your way up to more challenging steps. As you go through this journey of action, unexpected opportunities for personal growth will arise. Ultimately, you’ll strengthen your self-confidence as you reconsider your beliefs about life and yourself.
A. Establish clear goals
B. If you take action at once
C Achieve goals step by step
D. When you answer these questions
E. Then write down in detail what comes up for you
F. Accepting fear is not a barrier to self-improvement
G. At this point on your journey to overcome fear, it’s time to take action
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何克服恐惧。
【16题详解】
根据本段的小标题Identify your fears（认清你的恐惧）及空前“Spend a few quiet moments observing your thoughts and emotions.”（花一些安静的时间观察你的想法和情绪。）可知，选项与上文为并列关系，说明认清你的恐惧的具体做法。故E选项“然后详细地写下你能想到的事情”切题。故选E项。
【17题详解】
根据空前“Begin reflective thinking by asking yourself, “Why am I experiencing fear ” and “What is causing me to feel anxious ””（开始反思性思考，问问自己:“我为什么会感到恐惧？”以及“是什么让我感到焦虑？”）及空后“you will gain an understanding of the factors behind your fears,”（你会了解恐惧背后的因素）可知，当你回答这些问题时，才能了解恐惧背后的因素。故D项“当你回答这些问题时”符合句意。故选D项。
【18题详解】
根据本段的小标题Practice acceptance（实践接受）空前“The journey of overcoming fear requires acceptance”（克服恐惧的旅程需要接受）及空后“Instead, it is a catalyst (催化剂) that guides you on the path of personal development.”（相反，它是引导你走上个人发展道路的催化剂）可知，空格处应该定义接受恐惧不是……。与下文构成转折关系。故F 项“接受恐惧并不是自我提升的障碍”切题。故选F项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“To overcome your fears effectively, you need to set clear and achievable goals.”（为了有效地克服恐惧，你需要设定明确且可实现的目标。）可知，A项“设定明确的目标”适合作本段的小标题。故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据本段的小标题Take action（采取行动）及空后“Start small by dealing with the least frightening aspect of your fear and gradually work your way up to more challenging steps”（从小处着手，处理你恐惧中最不可怕的方面，然后逐步采取更具挑战性的步骤）可知，选项要说明是时候采取行动了。故 G项“在你克服恐惧的旅程中，是时候采取行动了”切题。故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Heman Bekele was not a typical high school student. ___21___ spending his free time playing video games, this 14-year-old was conducting experiments. His goal was to create a ___22___ that could treat skin cancer, and make it affordable for everyone who ___23___ it.
Growing up in Ethiopia, Africa, Heman ___24___ saw people getting sunburned by the hot sun working outside. He didn’t ___25___ much of it when he was really little. But as he ___26___, he realized how serious skin cancer really was.
Skin cancer does have cures and it is ___27___ in most cases. However, the average ___28___ of skin cancer treatment is almost $40,000. When hearing the shocking ___29___, Heman planned to create a more ___30___ and accessible solution. He started doing experiments and working on different things, which turned into his bar of soap as a project.
His ___31___ won him the prize in this year’s 3M Young Scientist’s Challenge, a competition that ___32___ kids to think of unique ways to solve everyday problems. Heman was so surprised and ___33___ when he first heard the news of his award. “It’s ___34___ to see that my ideas can be ___35___ and seen by the science community,” he said.
21.
A. Due to B. As for C. Rather than D. Regardless of
22.
A. website B. product C. hospital D. school
23.
A. invests B. promotes C. approves D. needs
24.
A. constantly B. rarely C. objectively D. fortunately
25.
A. lose B. think C. use D. report
26.
A. walked in B. turned up C. grew up D. gave in
27.
A. preventable B. complex C. deadly D. treatable
28.
A. price B. speed C. wage D. life
29.
A news B. figure C. secret D. sound
30.
A. temporary B. peaceful C. affordable D. possible
31.
A speech B. honesty C. plan D. work
32.
A. reminds B. encourages C. warns D. orders
33.
A. overjoyed B. embarrassed C. frightened D. annoyed
34.
A. puzzling B. disappointing C. inspiring D. tiring
35.
A. protected B. permitted C. guided D. recognized
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述14岁的高中生Heman Bekele研发出更加实惠的治疗皮肤癌的产品，赢得了3M青年科学家挑战赛的故事。
【21题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：他没有把空闲时间花在玩电子游戏上，而是在做实验。A. Due to由于；B. As for至于；C. Rather than而不是；D. Regardless of不管。根据上一句“Heman Bekele was not a typical high school student.”以及语境可知，Heman Bekele不像其他的高中生一样玩电子游戏，而是花时间做实验，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的目标是创造一种可以治疗皮肤癌的产品，并使每个需要它的人都能负担得起。A. website网站；B. product产品；C. hospital医院；D. school学校。根据空后“that could treat skin cancer”可知，他的目标是创造一种可以治疗皮肤癌的产品，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. invests投资；B. promotes促进，推动；C. approves赞成；D. needs需要。根据“make it affordable for everyone”可知，此处指使每个需要购买产品的人支付得起，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Heman在非洲的埃塞俄比亚长大，经常看到人们在外面工作时被烈日晒伤。A. constantly不断地，一直；B. rarely很少；C. objectively客观地；D. fortunately幸运地。结合上文提到Heman想要研制出便宜的治疗皮肤癌的产品可知，他应是经常看到人们被烈日晒伤，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他真的很小的时候，他没有想太多。A. lose丢失；B. think思考，认为；C. use使用；D. report报道。根据下文的转折词“But”以及“he realized how serious skin cancer really was”可知，他后来才意识到皮肤癌很严重，故此处指他小时候认为这没什么大不了的，not think much of sth认为某物不怎么样，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但随着他长大，他意识到皮肤癌有多严重。A. walked in走进；B. turned up出现；C. grew up长大；D. gave in让步。此处和上文“when he was really little”形成对比，指他长大后才意识到皮肤癌很严重，故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：皮肤癌是可以治愈的，而且在大多数情况下是可以治疗的。A. preventable可预防的；B. complex复杂的；C. deadly致命的；D. treatable能治疗的，可治愈的。根据“Skin cancer does have cures”可知，皮肤癌在大多数情况下时可以治疗的，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，皮肤癌治疗的平均价格几乎是4万美元。A. price价格；B. speed速度；C. wage工资；D. life生活。根据“$40,000”可知，此处指治疗的价格是4万美元，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当听到这个令人震惊的数字时，Heman计划创造一个更实惠、更容易获得的解决方案。A. news新闻；B. figure数字；C. secret秘密；D. sound声音。此处是指上文的“$40,000”这个数字，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. temporary临时的；B. peaceful和平的；C. affordable支付得起的；D. possible可能的。根据第一段中“and make it affordable for everyone who ___3___ it”可知，Heman计划创造一个更实惠的解决方案，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的工作为他赢得了今年3M青年科学家挑战赛的奖项，这项比赛鼓励孩子们想出独特的方法来解决日常问题。A. speech演讲；B. honesty诚实；C. plan计划；D. work工作。根据上一段中“He started doing experiments and working on different things, which turned into his bar of soap as a project.”可知，此处指他所做的工作为他赢得了奖项，故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reminds提醒；B. encourages鼓励；C. warns警告；D. orders命令。主语that指代“a competition”，比赛应是鼓励人们想办法解决问题，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Heman第一次听到获奖的消息时，他感到非常惊讶和高兴。A. overjoyed喜出望外的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. frightened害怕的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据“when he first heard the news of his award”可知，得知获奖应是感到高兴，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“看到我的想法被科学界认可和看到，这很鼓舞人心，”他说。A. puzzling令人困惑的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. tiring累人的。根据“to see that my ideas can be ___15___ and seen by the science community”可知，自己的想法被科学家认可，这是鼓舞人心的事情，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. protected保护；B. permitted允许；C. guided指导；D. recognized认可，承认。上文提到Heman获奖，故此处指想法被认可，故选D。
第二节 (共10 小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Emojis are widely used in our daily lives and have become ___36___ important way of communication. The first emojis were created in 1999 by Japanese designer Shigetaka Kurita, ___37___ worked on a mobile Internet platform ___38___ (call) i-mode. Kurita attempted to develop a simple way for people ___39___ (express) emotions in short text messages.
As emojis gained ___40___ (popular), they faced a significant technical hurdle (障碍) : early emojis could not ___41___ (send) across different mobile platforms, since there was no standardized encoding (编码). This issue was resolved in 2010 by the Unicode Consortium, an organization responsible ___42___ maintaining a standardized encoding of text and symbols across platforms. This allowed for cross-platform communication and continued expansion in emoji usage worldwide.
Given ___43___ (they) origins in Japan, many early emoji characters were reflective of Japanese culture. As they’ve spread ___44___ (global), new characters have been added to account for cultural differences and provide a more universal means of communication. Users must also consider cultural sensitivities when ____45____ (communicate) via emojis, as certain symbols can have hugely different meanings across different cultures.
【答案】36. an 37. who
38. called 39. to express
40. popularity
41. be sent
42. for 43. their
44. globally
municating
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了表情符号的起源以及传播过程。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：表情符号在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用，已经成为一种重要的交流方式。可数名词way此处为泛指，用不定冠词修饰，且important是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：1999年，日本设计师Shigetaka Kurita在一个名为i-mode的移动互联网平台上创作了第一批表情符号。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Shigetaka Kurita，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1999年，日本设计师Shigetaka Kurita在一个名为i-mode的移动互联网平台上创作了第一批表情符号。分析句子结构可知call与逻辑主语platform构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填called。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Kurita试图开发一种简单让人们在短信中表达情感的方法。在way后用动词不定式作后置定语，意为“做某事的方法”。故填to express。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：随着表情符号的流行，它们面临着一个重大的技术障碍：早期的表情符号无法在不同的移动平台上发送，因为没有标准化的编码。作gain的宾语，应用名词popularity，不可数。故填popularity。
【41题详解】
考查语态。句意：随着表情符号的流行，它们面临着一个重大的技术障碍：早期的表情符号无法在不同的移动平台上发送，因为没有标准化的编码。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且could not后跟动词原形。故填be sent。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：这个问题在2010年由Unicode联盟解决，该联盟负责维护跨平台文本和符号的标准化编码。短语be responsible for表示“负责”。故填for。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：由于它们起源于日本，许多早期的表情符号都反映了日本文化。修饰名词origins应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：随着它们在全球范围内的传播，新的汉字被添加进来，以解释文化差异，并提供一种更通用的交流方式。修饰动词spread应用副词globally，故填globally。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：用户在使用表情符号交流时还必须考虑文化敏感性，因为某些符号在不同的文化中可能有截然不同的含义。此处为状语从句的省略，且communicate与users构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填communicating。
第四部分 写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 (满分15 分)
46. 最近，你校英文报想要了解学生平时使用手机的情况，因此举行了一次征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 介绍你班同学使用手机的情况；
2. 你的感受和建议。
注意: 1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
As far as I know, many of my classmates are addicted to social media platforms, playing games or chatting with friends on their phones, rather than using them as a means of learning knowledge. I think such behaviors are a waste of time. It’s time for them to seriously consider how to use their phones reasonably. I strongly recommend that everyone limit cell phone use to no more than half an hour a day. Moreover, it is wise to play less video games and read less useless information online.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就学生平时使用手机的情况写一篇短文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
与某人聊天：chat with sb.→talk with sb.
方法：means→ way
考虑：consider→ think
推荐：recommend→ nominate
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：As far as I know, many of my classmates are addicted to social media platforms, playing games or chatting with friends on their phones, rather than using them as a means of learning knowledge.
拓展句：As far as I know, many of my classmates are addicted to social media platforms, who play games or chat with friends on their phones, rather than use them as a means of learning knowledge.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As far as I know, many of my classmates are addicted to social media platforms, playing games or chatting with friends on their phones, rather than using them as a means of learning knowledge.（运用了现在分词playing、chatting、using作状语）
【高分句型2】Moreover, it is wise to play less video games and read less useless information online.（运用了it作形式主语、不定式作真正主语）
第二节 (满分25 分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Kenny Matthews was just three when the flat he lived in went up in smoke in 1991. The accident left him with burns to 70% of his body. Despite being very young when he suffered his burns, Kenny can still remember the day of the accident.
He was playing with his toys and watching TV on the floor in the living room while his grandfather was sleeping on the living room couch. All of a sudden, he heard a sudden noise from the window and that was when the window caught fire. He had no idea what caused the window to burst like that, but all he remembered was the apartment filling up with gas and smoke from the fire. He could do nothing but panic (恐慌).
His grandfather, who had been asleep, woke up because of the smoke. He tried to save Kenny’s life, but he couldn’t really do much because he was weak. Picking Kenny up under his arms, he carried him over the window — unfortunately, that’s how Kenny got burnt by the fire.
Kenny and his grandfather were rushed to the hospital. His grandfather, whose arms were badly burned, was hospitalized for a while and then discharged (出院). Kenny went through numerous surgeries over the next few decades, which he described as a very painful journey.
Now, after having been through so much over the years, Kenny’s treatment is finally done. The 36-year-old man has shared online how his burns and scars (伤疤) have affected his life as an adult. “People don’t really care about personality — they just want somebody to look good or attractive physically, and honestly, I don’t fit that description,” Kenny says.
There was a guy who once said to him. “It is hard to feel attracted to someone like you because of your scars and burns.” Kenny understands it’s not their fault. He’s smart enough to know not every person is the same, even though he’s not actively looking for a partner.
注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Kenny now has 2.4 million followers on the Internet.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
People always ask him how he remains positive.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Kenny now has 2.4 million followers on the Internet. He says sharing everything that happened to him on social media has helped him get his confidence back. He shares his story to encourage others to accept their physical differences. He admits his burns and scars affect his confidence in a way, because if he weren’t like this, he would physically be stronger. However, what he does know is that all that matters is that he is a great human being on the inside.
People always ask him how he remains positive. He says being positive is contagious and tells them to always be with positive people, which is good for their hearts and souls. For those who may be struggling with their appearance, Kenny also suggests that they should not always spend so much time on their appearance-they should spend time on their personality and mentality.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。Kenny Matthews很小的时候因为大火被严重烧伤，经历了无数次手术后，他的烧伤和疤痕影响他成年后的生活。他把自己的感受在网上分享。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段句首内容“肯尼现在在互联网上有240万粉丝。”可知，第一段可以描写Kenny Matthews在互联网上分享自己的故事，鼓励其他人接受自己身体上的差异。
②由第二段句首内容“人们总是问他是如何保持乐观的。”可知，第二段可以描写Kenny Matthews描述自己保持乐观的方法。
2.续写线索：网上分享——粉丝众多——鼓励他人——被询问——分享方法——建议
3.词汇激活
行为类
①分享某物：share sth./have a share in sth.
②帮助：help/ assist
③鼓励：encourage/ inspire
情绪类
①信心：confidence/ faith
②积极乐观的：positive/ optimistic
【点睛】【高分句型1】He says sharing everything that happened to him on social media has helped him get his confidence back.(运用了that引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】However, what he does know is that all that matters is that he is a great human being on the inside. (运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句)
【高分句型3】He says being positive is contagious and tells them to always be with positive people, which is good for their hearts and souls. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
听力：1~5 ACACA 6~10 CBBAC 11~15 BABCA 16~20 BCBAC2023~2024学年高二上学期12月月考
英语
考生注意:
1. 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分, 满分150分, 考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前, 考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3. 考生作答时, 请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑; 非选择题请用直径0.5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效, 在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where did the woman park her car
A. On Menzies Street, B. On Swinton Road C. On Swan Street.
2. What will the woman probably do on Thursday
A. Meet her parents. B. Go for a picnic. C. Work late.
3. What is the man dissatisfied with
A. The noisy fan. B. The hot temperature. C. The careless organizer.
4. What is the most likely reason for the woman to book the conference room
A. For an urgent meeting. B. For a business party. C. For a retirement party.
5. How does the man sound
A. Pleased B. Unconfident. C. Angry.
第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A, B, C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间, 每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7 题。
6. Where does the conversation take place
A. In a restaurant. B. In the school hall. C. At a bus station.
7. How long did it take the man to get to the place to eat
A. 15 minutes. B. 20 minutes. C. 30 minutes.
听第7段材料, 回答第8 至10 题。
8. What did the man do last weekend
A. He took a walk. B. He wrote a report. C. He visited his aunt.
9. Why does the man give up visiting the Novo Band
A. He can’t afford the ticket. B. The performance seems boring. C. There will be too many people.
10. What do the speakers decide to do on Sunday
A. Play tennis. B. Watch a film. C. Go surfing.
听第8段材料, 回答第11 至13 题。
11. What happened to the girl
A. She was ill. B. Her eye was hit. C. She was late for class.
12. Who is Liam probably
A. The girl’s brother. B. The girl’s father. C. The girl’s classmate.
13. Why did the girl fail to call the man
A Her phone was broken. B. Her phone was out of power. C. She forgot to bring her phone.
听第9 段材料, 回答第14 至17题。
14. Why does the woman tell the man the story of Michaela
A. To help him. B. To encourage him. C. To persuade him.
15. When did Michaela decide to be a ballet dancer
A. When she saw a picture, B. When she was adopted. C. When she visited a ballet school.
16. Where did Michaela learn to dance at first
A. In Boston, B. In Philadelphia. C. In Amsterdam.
17. What does Michaela plan to do
A. Write a book. B. Run a magazine. C. Set up a school.
听第10段材料, 回答第18 至20 题。
18. What is the speaker doing
A. Teaching a class. B. Reporting a news story. C. Chairing a meeting.
19. What did Dave Godber intend to do
A. Go on holiday. B. Attend a match. C. Look for another job.
20. What do we know about the football team
A. It will have a new director. B. It has won every match this year. C. It needs improving its performance.
第二部分 阅读 (共两节, 满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four Best Zoos in the US
Saint Louis Zoo
Saint Louis Zoo is devoted to research and conservation. In 2022, it received the Worldwide Conservation Award from the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums for research and work in the Galdpagos Islands. The zoo is home to more than 16,000 animals, which are kept in clean and spacious natural habitats (栖息地). Open year-round and free to visit, Saint Louis Zoo houses Andean bears, polar bears and Surnatran orangutans, to name a few.
Zoo Atlanta
Opened in 1889 and one of the oldest zoos in the US, Zoo Atlanta is one of the top zoos worth visiting in Atlanta. Home to giant pandas, Sumatran tigers and western lowland gorillas (猩猩), the zoo participates in local and global conservation programs. Visitors say the gorillas and giant pandas are two of the highlights here. Adults (12-64): $34; Seniors (65 & over): $ 32; Children (3-11): $26; Children (3 & under): free.
Bronx Zoo
With more than 700 species and an area of 265 acres, Bronx Zoo in New York City is the largest urban zoo in the US. Since it’s hard to see the entire zoo in one day, prioritize must-see attractions like the Wild Asia Monorail (单列车) and the Congo Gorilla Forest during your visit. Adults (13 & over): $33. 95+; Seniors (65 & over): $28. 95+; Children (3-12): $23. 95+; Children (2 & under); free.
Oakland Zoo
Oakland Zoo is situated about 20 miles east of downtown San Francisco, It is home to more than 850 native and foreign species. Visitors can see African lions, American alligators and grizzly bears in large natural habitats, Zoogoers say they like the hillside layout and the Sky Ride that affords bird’s-eye views of the animals. Children under 2 years and seniors (76+) : free; Children (2-14) and adults (15-75): $15.75.
1. Which zoo is awarded for its research
A. Saint Louis Zoo. B. Bronx Zoo. C. Zoo Atlanta. D. Oakland Zoo.
2. What can visitors do in Zoo Atlanta
A Take the Sky Ride. B. Ride the Wild Asia Monorail.
C. Admire giant pandas D. Walk through the Congo Gorilla Forest.
3. How much should a young couple with a one-year-old child pay to visit Oakland Zoo
A. $15.75. B. $31.5. C. $33.95. D. $47.9.
B
Exploring the peaks (山顶) of the world’s highest mountains or the secrets of space has become almost second nature for Poorna Malavath and Kavya Manyapu. It has taken Manyapu to NASA where her research has included designing space suits, and Malavath to the top of Mount Everest in 2014, when she became the youngest ever woman to climb the world’s highest mountain at the age of just 13.
Now, the two women have channeled their exploring spirit into climbing some of the world’s most difficult mountains as part of their campaign, Project Shakthi, which raises money to fund girls’ education.
At the end of August, they climbed a 6,012-meter virgin peak in Ladakh, India-one previously unmapped and untouched by humans, Never climbed before, the mountain presented difficult challenges for even an experienced mountaineer like Malavath, for there were neither routes to follow nor advice from previous climbers to cling to. “We have to prepare ourselves mentally to accept everything,” Malavath says.
Every member of the team experienced some form of altitude sickness (高原反应) while climbing up the virgin peak. Rainy weather conditions that turned to snow at high altitudes added to the complexities of climbing the mountain. And for a relatively inexperienced climber like Manyapu, though she had trained extensively, the challenges were even greater.
In the group’s darkest moments on the journey, they found motivation in Project Shakthi’s purpose: “We climb so that girls can read”, a deeply personal cause for both Malavath and Manyapu.
In the meantime, the project has already begun selecting girls who will receive its sponsorship through the $12,000 it has raised so far. “Poorna and I actually visited our village back in India right after we completed our exploration of the virgin peak,” Manyapu says, “And we are starting the project in our village because that’s where our roots are.”
Eventually, the project will aim to sponsor girls across the globe, empowering them and offering them opportunities to receive education.
4. What is the purpose of Project Shakthi
A. To design space suits. B. To map mountain peaks.
C. To explore the secrets of space. D. To collect money for girls’ education.
5. What does the underlined phrase “cling to” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Ignore. B. Turn down. C. Rely on. D. Give.
6. Which of the following best describes climbing the virgin peak
A. Dangerous. B. Unnecessary. C. Unchallenging. D. Interesting.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. Kavya Manyapu’s Achievements in Studying Space
B. Two Successful Women Climbed a Mountain for Charity
C. Girls in the Villages Have Long Suffered Unfair Treatment
D. Difficulties Poorna Malavath Experienced When Climbing Mount Everest
C
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society suggests that Leonardo da Vinci was more experimental with his well-known “Mona Lisa” than previously thought and was likely the creator of a technique seen in works used a century later.
A team of scientists in France and Britain has detected a rare mineral compound (矿物化合物), plumbonacrite, within the piece. Plumbonacrite forms when lead oxides (铅氧化物) combine with oil. Mixing these two substances is the technique that later artists like Rembrandt used to help the paint dry, according to the study.
Detecting the rare compound in the “Mona Lisa” suggested that Leonardo could have been the original user of this approach, said Gilles Wallez, an author of the study. “Everything that comes from Leonardo is very interesting, because he had lots of ideas, and he was an experimenter, attempting to improve the knowledge of his time,” Wallez said, “Each time you discovered something in his processes, you discovered that he was clearly ahead of his time.”
The “Mona Lisa”, like many other paintings from the 16th century, was created on a piece of wood that required a thick base layer. The researchers believed that Leonardo had made his mixture of lead oxide powder with linseed oil to produce the thick coat of paint needed for the first layer, while unknowingly creating the rare compound.
Nowadays, researchers aren’t allowed to take samples from the masterpiece, which resides at the Louvre in Paris and is protected behind glass. Using a microsample that had been taken from an area of the artwork just behind the frame, however, scientists were able to analyze the paint by using a high-tech machine. “These samples have a very high cultural value,” Wallez said. “You can’t afford to take big samples on a painting.”
8 Why is Rembrandt mentioned in paragraph 2
A. To demonstrate his unique talent for painting.
B. To explain how he used the technique correctly.
C. To stress what made him different from other painters.
D. To show the technique was useful for drying the paint.
9. What did Wallez think of Leonardo da Vinci
A. Independent. B. Strict. C. Pioneering. D. Friendly.
10. How did researchers think Leonardo da Vinci created the rare compound
A. By accident. B. With other painters’ help.
C. By reading many books. D. Through various attempts.
11. What can be learned about the “Mona Lisa” from the last paragraph
A. It didn’t contain plumbonacrite. B. Analyzing its paint is invaluable but costly.
C. It was created in the 17th century. D. Taking its samples is an easy task now.
D
Salmon are cold-water fish, so they can get quite stressed when swimming up increasingly warm rivers to spawn (产卵). A new study shows that by installing ”cooling stations” in those rivers, we could help the threatened fish make the trip.
While global warming is causing river temperatures to rise, spawning salmon still get some “breath” at what are known as shelters. These are places where cool water from underground springs flows into the main river, bringing the water temperature down.
However, due to the effects of climate change, natural shelters are becoming less common and making less of a difference. With that problem in mind, hydrology PhD candidate Kathryn Smith and her colleagues from Canada’s Dalhousie University set about creating human-made shelters. Two such shelters-an active one and a passive one were tested in rivers in the province of Nova Scotia this summer.
The active shelter used a pump (泵) to deliver cool groundwater from an urban well into a warm stretch of river, creating a cooling water flow which extended at least 60 meters downstream. In the passive shelter, a covered trench (沟渠) was used to direct water from a meander (曲流) back into the main river. During the time the redirected water was blocked from the sunlight, its temperature dropped accordingly.
Even when these shelters cooled the water by only a few degrees, spawning salmon could easily gather in these areas. What’s more, greater numbers of the fish gathered at the stations during a heat wave.
Smith is now planning on scaling up the technology for more extensive testing. She is presenting her research this week at the Geological Society of America’s GSA Connects 2023 meeting in Pittsburgh.
12. What problem are salmon faced with
A. Rubbish in the river is increasing. B. Fishermen catch them without limit.
C. Rivers are getting warmer and warmer. D. The temperature of rivers remains unchanged.
13. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. How salmon behave in shelters. B. How the two shelters work.
C. The terrible effect of climate change. D. The high price of building the shelters.
14. What can be inferred from paragraph 5
A. The shelters made a big difference. B. Salmon preferred to travel in groups.
C. Salmon liked to spawn in clean water. D. The shelters heated the water quickly.
15. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Sports. D. Environment.
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Overcome Your Fears
Here are five practical strategies that will help you overcome your fears and face a brighter future.
Identify your fears
Take a moment to explore inward and identify the specific sources of your fears. Recognize what it is that is holding you back. Ask yourself, “What are you genuinely afraid of ” Spend a few quiet moments observing your thoughts and emotions. ___16___.
Understand the root cause
Spend some time exploring the nature of your fears. Begin reflective thinking by asking yourself, “Why am I experiencing fear ” and “What is causing me to feel anxious ” ___17___, you will gain an understanding of the factors behind your fears. When you deeply understand the sources of your fears, you are in a better position to overcome them.
Practice acceptance
The journey of overcoming fear requires acceptance. ___18___. Instead, it is a catalyst (催化剂) that guides you on the path of personal development. By recognizing that fear is a universal human emotion that everyone faces at certain times, you can employ its energy for positive purposes.
___19___
To overcome your fears effectively, you need to set clear and achievable goals. That’s because you can use a sense of purpose to drive you forward on your journey. In addition, breaking down your broader goals into smaller ones is important.
Take action
___20___. Start small by dealing with the least frightening aspect of your fear and gradually work your way up to more challenging steps. As you go through this journey of action, unexpected opportunities for personal growth will arise. Ultimately, you’ll strengthen your self-confidence as you reconsider your beliefs about life and yourself.
A. Establish clear goals
B. If you take action at once
C. Achieve goals step by step
D. When you answer these questions
E. Then write down in detail what comes up for you
F. Accepting fear is not a barrier to self-improvement
G. At this point on your journey to overcome fear, it’s time to take action
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Heman Bekele was not a typical high school student. ___21___ spending his free time playing video games, this 14-year-old was conducting experiments. His goal was to create a ___22___ that could treat skin cancer, and make it affordable for everyone who ___23___ it.
Growing up in Ethiopia, Africa, Heman ___24___ saw people getting sunburned by the hot sun working outside. He didn’t ___25___ much of it when he was really little. But as he ___26___, he realized how serious skin cancer really was.
Skin cancer does have cures and it is ___27___ in most cases. However, the average ___28___ of skin cancer treatment is almost $40,000. When hearing the shocking ___29___, Heman planned to create a more ___30___ and accessible solution. He started doing experiments and working on different things, which turned into his bar of soap as a project.
His ___31___ won him the prize in this year’s 3M Young Scientist’s Challenge, a competition that ___32___ kids to think of unique ways to solve everyday problems. Heman was so surprised and ___33___ when he first heard the news of his award. “It’s ___34___ to see that my ideas can be ___35___ and seen by the science community,” he said.
21.
A. Due to B. As for C. Rather than D. Regardless of
22.
A. website B. product C. hospital D. school
23.
A. invests B. promotes C. approves D. needs
24.
A. constantly B. rarely C. objectively D. fortunately
25.
A lose B. think C. use D. report
26.
A. walked in B. turned up C. grew up D. gave in
27.
A. preventable B. complex C. deadly D. treatable
28.
A. price B. speed C. wage D. life
29.
A. news B. figure C. secret D. sound
30.
A. temporary B. peaceful C. affordable D. possible
31.
A. speech B. honesty C. plan D. work
32.
A. reminds B. encourages C. warns D. orders
33.
A. overjoyed B. embarrassed C. frightened D. annoyed
34.
A. puzzling B. disappointing C. inspiring D. tiring
35.
A. protected B. permitted C. guided D. recognized
第二节 (共10 小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Emojis are widely used in our daily lives and have become ___36___ important way of communication. The first emojis were created in 1999 by Japanese designer Shigetaka Kurita, ___37___ worked on a mobile Internet platform ___38___ (call) i-mode. Kurita attempted to develop a simple way for people ___39___ (express) emotions in short text messages.
As emojis gained ___40___ (popular), they faced a significant technical hurdle (障碍) : early emojis could not ___41___ (send) across different mobile platforms, since there was no standardized encoding (编码). This issue was resolved in 2010 by the Unicode Consortium, an organization responsible ___42___ maintaining a standardized encoding of text and symbols across platforms. This allowed for cross-platform communication and continued expansion in emoji usage worldwide.
Given ___43___ (they) origins in Japan, many early emoji characters were reflective of Japanese culture. As they’ve spread ___44___ (global), new characters have been added to account for cultural differences and provide a more universal means of communication. Users must also consider cultural sensitivities when ____45____ (communicate) via emojis, as certain symbols can have hugely different meanings across different cultures.
第四部分 写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 (满分15 分)
46. 最近，你校英文报想要了解学生平时使用手机的情况，因此举行了一次征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 介绍你班同学使用手机的情况；
2. 你的感受和建议。
注意: 1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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第二节 (满分25 分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Kenny Matthews was just three when the flat he lived in went up in smoke in 1991. The accident left him with burns to 70% of his body. Despite being very young when he suffered his burns, Kenny can still remember the day of the accident.
He was playing with his toys and watching TV on the floor in the living room while his grandfather was sleeping on the living room couch. All of a sudden he heard a sudden noise from the window and that was when the window caught fire. He had no idea what caused the window to burst like that, but all he remembered was the apartment filling up with gas and smoke from the fire. He could do nothing but panic (恐慌).
His grandfather, who had been asleep, woke up because of the smoke. He tried to save Kenny’s life, but he couldn’t really do much because he was weak. Picking Kenny up under his arms, he carried him over the window — unfortunately, that’s how Kenny got burnt by the fire.
Kenny and his grandfather were rushed to the hospital. His grandfather, whose arms were badly burned, was hospitalized for a while and then discharged (出院). Kenny went through numerous surgeries over the next few decades, which he described as a very painful journey.
Now, after having been through so much over the years, Kenny’s treatment is finally done. The 36-year-old man has shared online how his burns and scars (伤疤) have affected his life as an adult. “People don’t really care about personality — they just want somebody to look good or attractive physically, and honestly, I don’t fit that description,” Kenny says.
There was a guy who once said to him. “It is hard to feel attracted to someone like you because of your scars and burns.” Kenny understands it’s not their fault. He’s smart enough to know not every person is the same, even though he’s not actively looking for a partner.
注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Kenny now has 2.4 million followers on the Internet.
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People always ask him how he remains positive.
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听力：1~5 ACACA 6~10 CBBAC 11~15 BABCA 16~20 BCBAC
