人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking课件(共27张PPT，内镶嵌视频)

(共27张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Section A Reading and Thinking
Iearning objects
By the end of this period, you will be able to…
1. find out the stages of scientific research in this passage;
2. learn about John Snow’s research process and analyze John Snow’s characters；
3. express your idea on the given topic through creative thinking;
4. analyze the structure of Problem-Solution pattern.
Opening Page
To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.
― Albert Einstein & Leopold Infeld
提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。
―阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦
利奥波德 英费尔德
Understand the questioning mind
1. How would you describe the photo
Two young girl students are conducting an experiment in a school laboratory, probably to test a theory, verify results, collect data, or develop skills needed in scientific research.
2. What scientific equipment can you see in a science laboratory
Safety goggles(防护眼罩), glass rod(玻璃棒), beaker(烧杯), gauze mat(石棉网), tripod(三脚架), Bunsen burner(本生灯), stand(支架), flask(烧瓶), test tube(试管), test tube rack(试管架), etc.
coronavirus
be infected with
confirmed/suspected cases
vaccine（疫苗）
Lead in
What common infectious disease do you know
天花：Small pox
西班牙流感：Spanish influenza
黑死病：Black death
疟疾：Malaria
瘟疫：Plague
肺结核：Pulmonary tuberculosis（简称TB）
霍乱：Cholera
艾滋病：Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (简称AIDS)
黄热病：Yellow fever
非典：Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes (简称SARS)
埃博拉病毒：Ebola virus
What other kinds of epidemics（流行病） do you know
Flu
Bird-flu
malaria
plague（鼠疫）
Ebola
Smallpox（天花）
Cholera
John Snow Defeated “King Cholera”
戴手套
Seven cholera pandemics (霍乱大流行) have occurred in the past 200 years. Let’s take the third cholera pandemic (1852–1860) as an example to see its “power”.
Place Deaths
Russia one million
1858-1860 Tokyo, Japan 100,000 –200,000
1854 Chicago 3,500
1853–1854 London 10,739
1854–1855 Spain over 236,000
Mexico 200,000
Because of some scientists’ great efforts, now the cholera is not as serious as that time.
Order Stage Key words or sentences
1 Find a problem
2 Ask a question
3 Think of a method
4 Collect data
5 Analyse the results
6 Find supporting evidence
7 Draw a conclusion
two contradictory theories
In two particular streets，the cholera outbreak was so severe that John Snow was determined to find out why.
marking on a map
·house numbers 16，37，38，and 40
·20 and 21 Broad Street，8 and 9 Cambridge Street
·multiple deaths near the water pump
·some households had had no deaths
·a woman and her daughter had died of cholera
· the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day
As a result of this evidence，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.
While Reading
Read the whole text quickly and match the main ideas.
Para1
Para 2
Para 4
Para 5
John Snow desired to destroy cholera.
John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Snow began his study by marking on the map.
Truth of the infection of cholera
Snow's contributions
Para 3
While Reading - Fast reading
What kind of person do you think John Snow is as a great scientist
Para.1
Further thinking
brave
expert
determined
caring, socially responsible
Para.2
Further thinking
knowledgeable
determined, curious
What kind of person do you think John Snow is as a great scientist
rigorous
(严谨的)
Para.3
Further thinking
detail-oriented (注重细节的)
rigorous
(严谨的) /
careful
What kind of person do you think John Snow is as a great scientist
A: It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ____ or germs in _______________.
B:Snow____________the places where the people who ____ had lived
C:Many deaths occurred near the __________ in Broad Street.
Some people __________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _____________________.
D: The pump water carried
__________.
Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above. Write A-E in the blanks.
handle
conclusion
evidence
process
solution
theories
Read para 2-3 again and complete the chart below.
E: The _______ of the pump was removed.
air
food or water
marked on
died
water pump
hadn’t
drinking water from the pump
cholera germs
Para.5
Further thinking
devoted
creative, innovative (创新的)
What kind of person do you think John Snow is as a great scientist
Cholera
John
Snow
It's one of ________________________ in the world, because it causes _______________________________.
_______________________(when), an outbreak of cholera hit _______ milions of people ______________________.
He rose to become _________________ , and even _______________ Queen Victoria when she gave birth.
John Snow became ________ because no one knew _________________.
However, he had a desire to __________________ once and for all.
the most feared diseases
severe diarrhoea and dehydration
In the early 19th century
Europe
died from the disease
“King Cholera”
frustrated
how to prevent or
treat cholera
a famous doctor
attended to
destroy cholera
Though being famous, he was still devoted to defeating “King Cholera”
While Reading—careful reading Read Para 1 carefully and fill in the mind map
Theory one: air
Theory two: germs
More proof is needed.
Symptoms
Theory is based on practice.
Symptoms（症状）
cough
sneeze
runny nose
lung
diarrhea
dehydration
While Reading—careful reading
Two Theories
expert
the father of modern epidemiology
brave
caring
socially responsible
knowledgeable
rigorous
determined
curious
detail-oriented
devoted
creative
innovative
Qualities of John Snow as a great scientist
1．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in
A. Bad air caused the disease.
B. People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
C. People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.
D. People suffered from cholera because they were not clean.
2．What was the key to help for John Snow's discovery
A. The government.
B. The woman who had moved away from Broad Street.
C. The water company.
D. The map made by himself.
3. At last,“King Cholera” was controlled by ________.
A. using medicines in hospital
B. driving patients out of the country
C. dealing with the polluted water
D. getting rid of all kinds of pollution
4. What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence
A. Cholera multiplied in the water.
B. Polluted water carried the virus.
C. A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.
D. Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found.
5. Where does this text probably come from
A. A newspaper. B. A medical report.
C. A book review. D. A TV interview.
From the passage, do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research
draw a conclusion
think of a method
collect results
make a question
find a problem
analyse the results
find supporting evidence
find a problem
make a question
think of a method
collect results
analyse the results
find supporting evidence
draw a conclusion
Read the sentences and tell the meaning of the underlined phrases. Think about where we can use them.
Many scientists subscribe to a few science magazines to keep up to date with the latest research news.
John Snow subscribed firmly to the belief that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
If a person is suspected of an infection, his/her family members should be put in quarantine.
4. There was no evidence to suggest that the disease was linked to bad air.
5. The hot weather is partly to blame for the water shortage.
to pay to get a product regularly 定期订阅、订购
to agree with 同意
be connected to
to be responsible for 归咎于
to believe that something, usually bad, may be true
怀疑，认为（某事有可能）
habit
opinion
cause
opinion
cause
n. 隔离；检疫
1. Many scientists ______________the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.
2. He was to ______________ the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.
3. The man ______________ being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street.
4. Since heart disease is often ______________ our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.
subscribe suspect blame link
subscribe to
blame for
suspected of
linked to
TB P.4 Ex.2 Make phrases by combining the words in the left box with those on the right. Then complete the sentences using these phrases.
to of for
Tip 1: learn words in collocations (词汇搭配).
1. It is not unusual for an athlete to be well known while he is active, and quickly forgotten when his athletic career is over.
2. I’m sure she’ll deal with the changes very well because she’s very adaptable.
3. He was ready to serve dinner to his friends when he realized that he had forgotten to turn on the oven and the meat was not cooked yet.
4. He used his great influence to change the thinking of the scientific community on this issue.
5. Scientists have collected more data than expected to prove the theory.
raw
statistics
substantial
handle
a household name
TB P.4 Ex.3 Replace the underlined parts with suitable words from the box. Think about where we can use them.
raw a household name substantial statistics handle
Tip 2: understand the meanings of words through their synonyms (近义词).
fame
solution
characteristic（特征）
importance, size, amount…
scientific method
infection multiple decrease severe transform proof blame substantial
TB P.4 Ex.4 Read this passage about medical plete it using the words below.
British scientists believe they may have found a way to fight the common cold. It blocks a key protein in the body cells that is to __________ for the spread of cold-causing virus. Targeting the host rather than __________ was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus. Cold-causing virus are not only of __________ kinds, they also __________ rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine. Researchers are working on making a form of medicine that can be taken directly into one’s lungs, to __________ the chance of side effects. Though these scientists have made __________ advances in their research, further __________ is needed to make sure such drugs are not so __________ that they harm the body.
blame
infection
multiple
transform
decrease
substantial
proof
severe
n. 蛋白质
n. 细胞
n. 肺
有意义
副作用
Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文）
　　John Snow was a famous doctor in London in the 19th century. He was so expert that he attended to Queen Victoria 1__________ she gave birth. However，he was frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera，one of the most feared 2__________（disease） in the world.
　　At that time，there were two 3_____________（contradict）theories to explain how cholera spread. One was that bad air caused the disease. John Snow subscribed 4__________the other that cholera was caused by an 5__________（infect）from germs in food or water. 6______________（consequent），when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，Snow began to investigate. He marked on a map 7__________exact places where all those who died had lived. With the help of the map，he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and he suspected that the water pump was 8__________（blame）. So he had the handle of the pump 9__________（remove） so that it could not be used. Through this
intervention，the disease was stopped in its t______（transform） the way scientists study diseases. For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
when
diseases
contradictory
to
infection
Consequently
the　
to blame
removed
transformed
Practice
Thank you