2024届高三英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元知识点一轮复习课件(共57张PPT)

(共57张PPT)
新教材高中英语人教版
UNIT 1
SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
选必二unit 1 单词背诵
1.霍乱
2.极为恶劣/严重的;严厉的
3.diarrhea
4.dehydration
5.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的
6.最终地;彻底地
7.相互矛盾的;对立的
8.感染;传染
9.使感染;传染
10.微生物,细菌,病菌
11.认购(股份);定期订购
12.同意;赞同
13.证据;证明;检验
14.数量多的;多种多样的
15.泵;抽水机;打气筒
16.水泵
17.家庭;同住一所房子的人
18.怀疑;可疑对象
19.把…归咎于;责怪;指责
20.把手;拉手;柄,处理; 操纵
21.介入;出面;干涉
22.联系;纽带
23.未煮的;生的;
24.干净的;纯的;纯粹的
25.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的
26.减少;降低;减少量
27.幸亏;由于
28.[pl.]统计数字/资料;统计学
29.使改观;使改变形态
30.显微镜
31.思想;思维;见解
32.蛋白质
33.细胞;小房间;单间牢房
34.病毒
35.发现;调查结果;判決
36.最初的;开始的;第一的
37.vaccine
38.理论框架
39.可靠的;固体的;坚实的
40.投射;投以(视线笑容);投掷
41.阴影;影子;背光处
42.彩虹
43.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
44.混凝士a.混凝土制的;具体的
45.aerospace
46.patriotic
47.机械师;机械修理工
48. 突然开始;爆发
49.保卫;防守;辩解
50.助理;助手
51.主管;掌管
52.导弹
53.领导;领导地位;
54.追溯;追踪n.痕迹;遗迹
55.优秀的;杰出的;明显的
56.有天赋的; 天资聪慧的
57.患(病);染上(小病)
58.抽象的;理性的n.摘要
59.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的
60.概念;观念
61.天文学
62.除…之外(还) ;而且;此外
63.聪颖的; 明亮的
64.最重要的是;尤其是
65.改变;转换;轮班
66.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的
Reading and Thinking
Learning Objectives
Find out the stages of scientific research in this passage.
Learn about John Snow’s research process
Express your idea on the given topic through creative thinking
Albert Einstein
To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.
---- Albert Einstein & Leopold Infeld
提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。
Leopold Infeld
利奥波德·英费尔德
run nucleic acid tests
get vaccinated
We are taking measures to fight against coronavirus!
Are you familiar with these situations
Covid-19: Battling the devil
Besides coronavirus, what other kinds of epidemics（流
行病） have you heard of
bird-flu（禽流感）
malaria（疟疾）
plague（鼠疫）
Ebola(埃博拉)
What are the symptoms (症状) of Cholera？
It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment.
dehydration (缺水)
severe vomiting(呕吐)
diarrhea(腹泻)
What will be talked about from the title
John Snow Defeats“King Cholera”
Who
How
What
Who was John Snow
How did John Snow defeat King Cholera
What is King Cholera
Activity 1: Read the title and predict.
What does “ King ” imply in the title
Cholera is powerful and hard to cure.
a British doctor.
one of the most feared diseases and millions of people died from it in the early 19th century.
He conducted research and found out how cholera spread.
Read the whole text quickly and match the main ideas.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 4
Para. 5
John Snow desired to destroy cholera.
John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Snow began his study by marking on the map.
Truth of the infection of cholera.
Snow's contributions.
Para. 3
Ⅱ
While reading
Cholera
John
Snow
It's one of ______________________ in the world, because it causes _______________________________.
_____________________ (when), an outbreak of cholera hit ________ milions of people ____________________.
He rose to become _______________ , and even __________ Queen Victoria when she gave birth.
John Snow became ___________ because no one knew _____________________________.
However, he had a desire to ______________ once and for all.
the most feared diseases
severe diarrhoea and dehydration
In the early 19th century
Europe
died from the disease
frustrated
how to prevent or treat cholera
a famous doctor
attended to
destroy cholera
Para.1
Research background
Two contradictory theories
Theory one:
caused by ________
Theory two:
caused by _______
Symptoms
Symptoms
cough
sneeze
runny nose
lung
diarrhoea
dehydration

bad air
germs
Snow subscribed to the second theory.
Para. 2
Find a problem
Para. 2
Ask a question
What did John Snow investigate when another outbreak hit London in 1854
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”
What method did Snow use
A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”
Which houses had more than 4 deaths in Broad Street
Which houses had no death in Broad Street
Multiple deaths happened here.
No death happened here.
He suspected that the water from the pump was to blame.
Think of a method & Collect data & Anayse the results
Para.3
Find supporting evidence & Draw a conclusion
Pump water carried the cholera germs.
Two deaths
Place
Person
Event
In another part of London
A woman and her daughter
Died of cholera because of drinking the water delivered from the pump
Remove the handle of the pump
The disease was stopped.
Para. 3
Water companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste, causing people who drank this water to get malaria.
Water companies began to sell clean water.
The threat of cholera around the world decreased.
He helped people know how to prevent cholera.
Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
2. What contributions did John Snow make
The Father of Modern Epidemiology
1. What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854
Para. 4-5
Truth
Was cholera defeated completely
How to prevent the cholera
To prevent cholera from spreading, we'd better
drink pure or boiled water and eat clean food.
Para. 4-5
Post-reading
Ⅲ
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, _______ (cause) millions of deaths. Seeing this, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how _________ (prevent) or treat cholera. At that time, doctors had two theories to explain how cholera spread. One was that bad air caused the disease and another was that cholera was caused by germs in food or water. John discovered that in two particular street _____ cholera outbreak was ____ severe that over 500 people died in ten days. Through his serious ____________ (investigate), he found it was the pump water in Broad Street _______ resulted in the disease. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump ________ (remove) .
causing
to prevent
the
so
investigation
that
removed
It turned out that the water from the pump _______________ (infect) by waste. Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw ____ substantial decrease. Snow transformed the way ________________ scientists study diseases. For this reason, he is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
had been infected
that / in which
a
As a doctor, he helped us to ____________________.
As a scientist, he found out _________________________.
Evaluation of John Snow
what caused cholera
prevent cholera
Language Points
Ⅳ
1 one of the most feared diseases
2 become frustrated
3 attend to sb
4 lose desire to do sth
5 once and for all
6 in general
7 two contradictory theories
最可怕的疾病之一
变得沮丧
照顾某人
失去做某事的欲望
一劳永逸
一般说来
两种截然不同的看法
Important phrases (P2)
8 an infection from germs in food or water
9 subscribe to the second theory
10 in two particular streets
11 be determined to find out why
12 begin by marking the exact places
13 multiple deaths near the water pump
食物或水中细菌的感染
赞同第二种看法
在两条特别的街道上
下决心找出原因
从标记确切的位置开始
水泵附近多人死亡
Important phrases (P2)
14 suspect that the water pump is to blame
15 what’s more / moreover
16 have it delivered to her house
17 as a result of the evidence
18 have the handle removed
19 raw waste
怀疑是水泵造成的
而且
让人把它送到她家
由于这个证据
拆掉把手
未经处理的废弃物
Important phrases (P2-P3)
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a
British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
until 引导 ____________ 从句， how 引导 _______ 从句。
时间状语
宾语
I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.
I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.
until 表示“直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句；
not … until 表示“直到……才”，主句的谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 (Para. 1, Line 1)
He didn’t go to bed until he completed his homework.
(对画线部分进行强调)
not until 用于强调句型中
要强调until后面的部分：
①需要把until部分提前 ②还要把not一起提前
→ It wasn’t until he completed his homework that he went to bed.
It wasn’t until …… that ＋ 句子的其余部分
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
1. The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.
2. The sports meet will not be held until next week.
→ ______ ______ next week _____ the sports meet be held.
Not until
will
not until 用于倒装结构
→ Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
2. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak
was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
(Para. 2, Line 5)
so … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
3. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much
that she had it delivered to her house every day.
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水
运到家里来。 (Para. 3, Line 14)
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
so ... that 用于倒装结构
→ The speaker was so nervous that his legs were trembling.
即学即练
这个演讲者如此紧张，以至于双腿发抖。（翻译）
→ So nervous was the speaker that his legs were trembling.
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
Language Points
1.理解质疑精神
2.世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一
3.19世纪初
4.死于
5.变得沮丧
6.预防或治疗霍乱
7.后来
8.照料
9.放弃...的愿望
10.始终
11.大体上
12.有两个对立的理论
13.解释霍乱如何传播
14.引发疾病
15.赞同
16.因此
1.understand the questioning mind
2.one of the most feared diseases in the world
3.in the early 19th century
4. die from
5. become frustrated
6. prevent or treat cholera
7. in time
8. attend to
9. lose one's desire to do
10. once and for all
11. in general
12. have two contradictory theories
13.explain how cholera spread
14. cause the diseases
15. subscribe to
16. consequently/as a consequence
17.决心做
18. 查明原因
19.在地图上标出
20.应受责备
21.从...搬来
22.由于,因为
23.将把手移走
24.通过他的干预
25.被污染
26.显示...和...之间的联系
27.更有可能
28.饮用纯净水或开水
29.不懈的努力
30.多亏了
31.转变方式
17. determine to do/make up one's mind to do
18.find out why
19.mark on a map
20.be to blame
21.move away from
22.as a result of
23.have the handle of the pump removed
24. through his intervention
25. be infected/polluted by
26.show a link beween...and...
27. be more likely to do
28 drink pure or boiled water
29. tireless efforts
30. thanks to
31. transform the way
Period 5 Reading for Writing：
write about what makes a great scientist
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
The text is mainly about ____________ ______________________________
_____________________
introduction of Qian Xuesen and
Stephen Hawking.
the brief
Pre-reading
Look at the picture, the title and, guess what the content of the text is. Then skim it quickly to see if you are right.
York
London
Who does each title refer to
The father of China’s Aerospace
A world of Pure thought.
一个纯思维的世界.
Read it quickly and decide if the statements are T or F.
1. Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest.
2. Qian's strong interest in art has a positive impact on a scientist's development.
3．When Hawking was young, almost everyone believed that the universe began with a big bang.
4．Because Hawking was determined, he was able to succeed even though he was ill.
activity 1:
F
T
F
T
activity 2:
Answer the questions below using the information from the texts.
1. Why was Qian called "the father of China's aerospace"
2. How was Hawking's own theory proven correct
Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research.
Hawking’s own work on the big bank theory was proven by astronomers with telescopes.
选修二unit 1 Using language
Language points
THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE
中国航天之父
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man (with "great scientific thought and scientific spirit") who was patriotic and served his homeland (with effort, achievement, and devotion), Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献、成就斐然。
Difficult Sentences
e.g 1. No one is luckier than he.
(He is the luckiest man in the world.)
2. I have never read a more interesting novel (than this).
(This is the most interesting novel I've ever read.)
经典句式
And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
“否定词+ 比较级 + (than)” 表最高级
再没有比...更...的了；再...不过了
常用否定词：no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly...
Difficult Sentences
1. 没有人比他更努力了。
No one works harder than he does.
2. 我完全同意。
I couldn't agree more.
3. 没有什么比健康更重要的了。
Nothing is more important than health.
及时练
Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
钱学森1911年生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。
attend to sb
Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA'S leading space-exploration centres.
1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。
同位语
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US， Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped.
留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达。
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China successful launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian's research, Qian earned the name of "the father of Chinas aerospace.”
在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父。
under one’s guidance
with one’s help/assistance
date back to.vi
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。
前沿
艺术鉴赏力
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qians death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他缅怀他。
使悲伤
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT
一个纯思维的世界
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles ，his world became one of abstract thought.
史蒂芬 霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
Hawking first achieved fame (when he was still healthy enough to walk,) as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge.
霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论:第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终;另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德 霍伊尔教授。
be+adj+enough to do sth
During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born。
在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。
So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries
那么，是什么使史蒂芬 霍金成为一名天才呢 除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助，最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
Important phrases for writing.
Passage 1
1. have a great impact on...
对...有重大影响
2. describe... as...
认为...是.../称...为...
3. an extremely well-respected man
极其受尊敬的人
4. attend school
上学
5. break out
爆发；发生
6. switch...to...
改变...到...
7. air force
空军
8. graduate assistant
研究生助理
9. conduct important research into rocket propulsion
进行火箭推进领域的重要研究
10. in charge of
主管，掌管
11. discourage sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
12. take on the challenge
接受挑战
13. under one’s leadership
在某人的领导下
14. launch its first man-made satellite
发射其第一颗人造卫星
15. trace back to
追溯到...
16. earn the name of
赢得...的名声
17. the area of frontier science research
前沿科学研究领域
18. deep appreciation for
对...有深刻的鉴赏力
19. in different ways
用不同的方式
Passage 2
1. be familiar with
对...熟悉
2. come down
生（病）；染上（病）
3. achieve fame
获得名声
4. in general
总的来说
5. point out
指出
6. make a mistake
犯错误
7. dream of/about sth.
梦想某事
8. fight against illness
与疾病作斗争
9. about all
最重要的是；首先
10. in charge of
主管，掌管
11. discourage sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
12. take on the challenge
接受挑战
13. under one’s leadership
在某人的领导下
14. launch its first man-made satellite
发射其第一颗人造卫星
15. trace back to
追溯到...
16. earn the name of
赢得...的名声
17. the area of frontier science research
前沿科学研究领域
18. deep appreciation for
对...有深刻的鉴赏力
19. in different ways
用不同的方式