2022北京首都师大附中高一12月月考英语试题（PDF版含解析）

2022北京首都师大附中高一 12月月考
英 语
本试卷共 10 页，70 分。考试时长 60 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无
效。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，32 分)
第一节 完形填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在
答题纸上将该项涂黑。
No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own ____1____.
I learned this lesson from an experience many years ago. I took the head ____2____ job at a school in Baxley,
Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.
It was a tradition for the school’s old team to play against the ____3____ team at the end of spring practice. The
old team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to prepare for the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was
excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I couldn’t believe I had
got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to ____4____ that my team might not be the number one
team in Georgia, but they were depending on me. I had to change my attitude about their ability and potential.
I started doing anything I could to help them build a little ____5____. Most important, I began to treat them like
winners. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their vacations, we met every day and ____6____ passing and
kicking the football.
Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and
continued to improve. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a ____7____ for us
even if we lost the game. But that wasn’t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of
the greatest ____8____ of my life!
From the experience I learnt a lot about how the attitude of the leader can ____9____ the members of a team.
Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and encouraged them. I helped them to see themselves ____10____,
and they built themselves into winners.
Winners are made, not born.
1. A. luck B. tests C. efforts D. nature
2. A. operating B. editing C. consulting D. coaching
3. A. successful B. excellent C. strong D. new
4. A. realize B. claim C. permit D. demand
5. A. pride B. culture C. fortune D. relationship
6. A. risked B. missed C. considered D. practiced
7. A. shame B. burden C. victory D. favor
8. A. chances B. thrills C. concerns D. offers
9. A. surprise B. serve C. interest D. affect
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10. A. honestly B. individually C. calmly D. differently
第二节 语法填空(共 17 小题;每小题 1 分，共 17 分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
China’s latest optimization (优选) of its dynamic zero-COVID agreements will help the early renewal (恢复) of
its civil aviation industry (民航业). Aiming for more ____11____ (science) and exact virus prevention, China
introduced twenty steps last week ____12____ (improve) epidemic control, including cancelling the suspension (暂
缓) of air carriers’ operations for two weeks when five or more passengers tested positive on ____13____ (land) in
China. They also reduce COVID-19 quarantines (隔离期) for incoming ____14____ (visit) and close contacts from
ten to eight days.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Frankenstein, ____15____ main character is a “mad scientist” who creates a monster, is a ____16____ (combine)
of Gothic horror story and science fiction. The book tells the story of Victor Frankenstein who creates an artificial
man from pieces of corpses and brings his creature to life. ____17____ it seeks affection at the beginning, the monster
inspires hate in everyone who meets it. Lonely and miserable, the monster turns its back on its creator, ____18____
eventually loses his life. The name Frankenstein has become ____19____ (popular) attached to the creature itself,
who has become one of the best-known ____20____ (monster) in the history of motion pictures.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As you can see, the reason ____21____ I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. Sometime
after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it ____22____ (pull) into the bottom of the whirlpool. Soon after that, the
whirlpool became less wild. Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer and the moon was shining, I was still tied
____23____ the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area ____24____ the other fishermen were. In the end, a
boat picked me up. I was very tired. The fishermen were my old friends, but they were ____25____ (able) to recognize
me. When I told them my story, they did not believe it. Now I ____26____ (tell) you and I cannot expect you
____27____ (believe) me any more than the fisherman did.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38 分)
第一节(共 14 小题;每小题 2 分，共 28 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该
项涂黑。
A
Sony World Photography Awards
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Open Eye Gallery, Liverpool
November 21—December 10, 2022
Wednesday—Sunday: 11:00 am—4:00 pm
19 Mann Island, Liverpool Waterfront, Liverpool.
Travel Photographer of the Year
Chester Cathedral
December 2—28, 2022
Monday to Saturday: 9:00 am—5:00 pm; Sunday: 11:30 am—4:00 pm
9 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire
An exhibition of selected winning images from the TPOTY awards will be traveling to Chester Cathedral.
Bird Photographer of the Year 2022
September 2022—January 2023
Dates and venues (地点) to be confirmed, more information soon.
An exhibition of 70—80 of the winning images will go on an international tour.
RPS Gallery, Bristol
Until October 21, 2022
Thursday—Sunday 10:00 am—5:00 pm
The Royal Photographic Society, RPS House, Aros Vale, Bristol
A total of 105 works by 57 photographers will be on display in the International Photography Exhibition 163
at RPS Gallery.
28. Which show is already finished
A. Sony World Photography Awards. B. Travel Photographer of the Year.
C. Bird Photographer of the Year 2022. D. International Photography Exhibition 163.
29. How long will the Travel Photographer of the Year exhibition last
A. A month. B. 27 days. C. A year. D. Unknown.
30. If you want to visit an exhibition on Tuesday, you will choose ________.
A. Sony World Photography Awards B. Travel Photographer of the Year
C. Bird Photographer of the Year 2022 D. International Photography Exhibition 163
31. What information do the four programmes focus on
A. Photography theoretical study. B. Photography review.
C. Photography show. D. Photography award ceremonies.
B
The annual marathon (马拉松) in my town occurred as scheduled. My job was to follow behind the runners in
an ambulance in case any of them needed medical attention. As the athletes began to pace themselves, the front
runners started to disappear. It was then that my eyes were drawn to the woman in blue running shorts and a baggy
white T-shirt.
I knew we were already watching our “last runner”. Her feet were turned in, yet her left knee was turned out.
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Her legs were so crippled (跛足的) and bent that it seemed impossible for her to walk, not to mention run a
marathon.
The driver and I watched in silence as she slowly moved forward. We would move forward a little bit, then
stop and wait for her to gain some distance. Then we’d slowly move forward a little bit more. As I watched her
struggle to put one foot in front of the other, I found myself breathing for her and urging her forward. I wanted her
to stop, and at the same time, I prayed that she wouldn’t.
Finally she was the only runner left in sight. I sat on the edge of my seat and watched with respect and
amazement as she pushed forward with strong determination through the last miles. When the finish line came into
sight, the cheering crowds had long gone home. Yet standing straight and proud waited a man. He was holding one
end of a ribbon tied to a post. She slowly crossed through, leaving both ends of the ribbon fluttering behind her.
I don’t know this woman’s name, but that day she became a part of my life — a part I often depend on. For
her, it wasn’t about beating the other runners or winning a prize. It was about finishing what she had set out to do.
When I think things are too difficult or I get those “I-just-can’t-do-it,” I think of the last runner. Then I realize how
easy the task before me really is.
32. What words can best describe the woman
A. Proud and determined. B. Modest and courageous
C. Diligent and considerate. D. Strong-willed and honorable.
33. What has the author learnt from the woman
A. Don’t depend on others when facing difficulties.
B. Nothing is too tough to accomplish if one is brave enough.
C. It’s not winning but holding on straight to the end that really matters.
D. The disabled can also run a marathon despite their walking difficulty.
34. What could be the best title for the text
A. The Annual Marathon. B. The Last Runner.
C. An Unforgettable Job. D. Humorous Stranger.
C
The woods are turning orange. Drifts of dry leaves are growing on forest floors and flying into street corners.
From a distance, it is beautiful. But the air is still warm and summery. This turning and leaf fall is not the usual
gradual preparation for winter in temperate zones (温带) but a stress response by trees trying to preserve water. We
are now in a false autumn, caused by heat and drought. And it feels wrong.
There is, therefore, something deeply disturbing about such a graphic alteration of familiar rhythms. Droughts
are not unknown to the UK, of course, and too many parts of the world are certainly familiar with far more severe
versions. But increasingly they are occurring in the context of a climate emergency, and record-breaking heat. And
the beauty of a false autumn, specifically, has an emotional effect, a deep weirdness, something mysteriously
suggestive of evil or danger.
Cultures across the world contain ceremonies for the propitiation (宽恕) of the weather; a sense of responsibility
for the natural world- and the belief that it will punish us if we fail it—is as old as humanity. One of the reasons why
the Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is so effective is the
directness with which it links the shooting of an albatross (信天翁)—the destruction of innocent wildlife—to a
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terrible change in the weather: no rain, just burning, death-dealing sun. We may not understand the mechanism, but
at an instinctual (本能的) level it feels right.
And in a similar way it has not really been a surprise to hear that birds are struggling. In London, young swifts
(雨燕) were seen falling out of the sky. Fewer—and too early—nuts and berries mean some animals will not live
through this winter. Older trees, with their longer roots, will hopefully survive, but young trees may not—all that
promises further warming. There will always be a degree of uncertainty about the causes of specific weather events,
but we cannot deny that we have not taken care of the albatross. Now we must hope we are doing enough to make
sure that these fearful golden days can be an autumn of autumns.
35. According to the passage, what is a disturbing sign of “a false autumn”
A. Tree leaves are turning orange and fall gradually in winter.
B. Birds are struggling to fall out of the sky in London.
C. People worldwide are careless of droughts and heat in the UK.
D. Nuts and berries ripen earlier but yield less than before.
36. Why is Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner so effective
A. Because people across the world sympathize with the albatross.
B. Because it directly links destruction of wildlife to extreme weather.
C. Because we are certain about how the weather shifts instinctually.
D. Because he is an established Romantic poet curious about nature.
37. What is the overall tone of the passage
A. Optimistic. B. Concerned. C. Humorous. D. Ironic (讽刺的).
D
Between the last application season and the current one, Swarthmore College, a school nationally well-known
for its academic strictness, changed the requirements for students for admission into its next freshman class. It made
filling out the proper forms easier.
Swarthmore is hardly alone in its desire to eliminate(清除) obstacles for a bounty of applicants. Over the last
decade, many elite colleges have adjusted their applications in ways that remove disincentives(抑制因素) and
maximize the likelihood that the number of students contesting to get in remains robust-or, even better, grows larger.
In one sense, that’s a commendably egalitarian(平等主义的) approach and a sensible attempt to be sure that no
qualified candidate is missed. But there’s often a less pure motive in play. In our increasingly status-oriented society,
a school’s reputation is improved by a low acceptance rate, which can even influence how U.S. News & World Report
ranks it. And unless a school is shrinking the size of its student body, the only way to bring its acceptance rate down
is to get its number of applicants up. So, many colleges methodically generate interest only to frustrate it. They woo
applicants for the purpose of turning them down.
And there can be other justifications for what looks like a loosening of application demands. Smith College and
several other similarly prominent colleges no longer require the SAT or ACT, and Kathleen McCarney, the president
of Smith College, said that that’s not a bid for more applicants. It’s a recognition that top scores on those tests correlate
with high family income and may say more about an applicant’s economic advantages—including, say, private SAT
tutoring—than about their academic potential.
Jim Bock, Swarthmore’s dean of admissions, said that by lightening the essay load for its current applicants, the
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college was less concerned about increasing its overall number of applicants than about making sure candidates of
great merit didn’t miss out on Swarthmore and vice versa. He mentioned the hypothetical(假定的) example of a high
school student from a low-income family who works 10 or more hours a week and doesn’t have sufficient time to do
different essays for different schools.
But will Swarthmore’s applicants this year give quite as much thought regarding whether it is suitable and the
right home for them I’m betting not.
When it’s very easy for a student to apply to yet one more college and each school is simply another desirable
box of cereal(谷物) on top shelf that he or she is determined to reach, there’s inadequate thought to a tailored(合身
的) fit, which is what the admissions process should strive for. It’s what the measure of success should be.
38. What changes has Swarthmore College made in the application process
A. It simplified its application procedure. B. It lowered its requirements for admission.
C. It expanded the size of its next freshman class. D. It eliminated obstacles for minority applicants.
39. The word “woo” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to ________.
A. respect B. cheat C. invite D. force
40. Kathleen McCarney holds that the results of the SAT or ACT ________.
A. are closely related to test-takers’ family income levels
B. reflect test-takers’ academic potential to a large extent
C. should play an essential role in the admissions process
D. hide the uneven distribution of educational resources
41. According to the author, the success of a school’s admissions process lies in ________.
A. improving the school’s reputation nationwide
B. recruiting as many genuine students as possible
C. increasing the overall number of applicants for the school
D. making suitable matches between applicants and the school
第二节 七选五(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
Most of us don’t like to think too much about rubbish.___42___. However, household waste is a major
contributor to our planet’s waste problem. Like it or not, it needs to be managed if we are to have a brighter green
future.
When it comes to being responsible for our own rubbish, the best way to approach it is by following the three
golden rules of waste management, or the ‘3 Rs’-Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
“The order is important.____43____ ,” says Eugene Tay, Director of Green Future Solutions in Singapore.
“Recycling still affects the environment and should be done last after reduce and reuse.”
But, when our efforts to reduce and reuse still result in an overflowing rubbish bin, the advantages of recycling
cannot be ignored. “____44____,” says Amy Ho, Managing Director of World Wide Fund For Nature in Singapore.
“The damage to our environment could then be slowed down as a result. ”
In fact, by recycling just one plastic bottle, you are saving not just the material to make a new one, but you
also stop it from getting thrown into a landfill(垃圾掩埋场)for up to 700 years-and that’s before it even starts to
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rot. ____45____.
Recycling is so important that we really have no excuse not to do the simplest of household tasks that will
make a difference.
“_____46_____ , ”says Ho. “Starting with recycling grey water for gardening purposes, to recycling materials
such as glass, paper and iron-it all reduces the use of raw materials.”
A. We put it in the bin and don’t think too far beyond that
B. The collective action of individuals can make a significant effect
C. It‘s important for every household to make good use of grey water
D. Waste reduction and reuse is usually the best way to decrease waste
E. The three rules of waste management should be followed by every household
F. Recycling reduces the use of raw materials and so protects our natural resources
G. Recycling just 10% plastic bottles would keep 90 million kilograms of plastic out of landfills
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参考答案
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，32 分)
第一节 完形填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了多年前作者担任过一个学校足球队的教练，在一次比赛中输给了学
校的老队，作者开始反思，不停地训练和鼓励队员，最终不可思议的赢得州里最强的对手。从这次经历中，
作者明白了领导者的态度对团队成员有很大影响。
【1 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们通过自己的努力使自己成为胜利者。A. luck 运气；B. tests 测试；C. efforts
努力；D. nature 自然。根据上文“No one is born a winner.”可知，人们需要通过努力才能成为胜利者。故
选 C。
【2 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在乔治亚州巴克斯利的一所学校担任主教练工作。A. operating 操纵，动手
术；B. editing 编辑；C. consulting 咨询；D. coaching 指导、执教。根据下文“Being the coach of the new
team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. ”可知我
担任学校球队的教练，故选 D。
【3 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在春季训练结束时，学校的老队与新队进行比赛是一项传统。A. successful
成功的；B. excellent 优秀的；C. strong 强壮的；D. new 新的。根据“It was a tradition”和“Being the coach
of the new team”可知，此处表示学校的老队和新队进行比赛。故选 D。
【4 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：仔细想想，我意识到我的团队可能不是乔治亚州的头号球队，但他们依赖我。
A. realize 意识到，实现；B. claim 声称，要求（拥有），认领，致命；C. permit 批准，许可；D. demand 强
烈要求，需要。根据句中的“Thinking hard about it”可知作者经过认真思考意识到球队可能不是乔治亚州
的头号球队，但他们依赖作者。故选 A。
【5 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始尽我所能帮助他们建立自豪感。A. pride 骄傲，自豪；B. culture 文化；
C. fortune 运气；D. relationship 关系。根据上文“but to my disappointment, we were defeated. ”以及下文
“Most important, I began to treat them like winners.”可知，作者在比赛失败后尽自己所能帮助孩子们建立自
豪感。故选 A。
【6 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那年夏天，当其他球队享受假期时，我们每天都见面，练习传球和踢足球。A.
risked 担……的风险，冒险做；B. missed 错过，思念；C. considered 考虑，认为；D. practiced 练习。根据
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句中的“when the other teams enjoyed their vacations”以及空后的“passing and kicking the football”可知假
期球队一直在训练，故选 D。
【7 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得即使我们输了比赛，这对我们来说也是一场胜利。A. shame 羞愧；B.
burden 负担；C. victory 胜利；D. favor 赞成，偏爱。根据“Finally, we faced the number one team in the
state.”可知，作者认为面对最强的队伍，即使输了比赛也是一场胜利。故选 C。
【8 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的孩子们打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，这是我一生中兴奋的事情之一！A.
chances 机会；B. thrills 兴奋，激动；C. concerns 关心，忧虑；D. offers 提议。根据“My boys beat the best
team in Georgia”可知，作者的队伍打败了 Georgia 州最好的球队，这是令人兴奋的事。故选 B。
【9 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从这次经历中，我学到了很多关于领导者的态度如何影响团队成员的知识。A.
surprise 使（某人）吃惊，给……惊喜，；B. serve 服务；C. interest 使感兴趣，引起……的关注；D. affect 影
响，（疾病）侵袭，感染。根据上文“I started doing anything I could to help them build a little ____5____. Most
important, I began to treat them like winners.”以及下文“I helped them to see themselves ____10____, and they
built themselves into winners.”可知作者的态度对球队队员有很大的影响。故选 D。
【10 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己，他们把自己打造成了胜利者。A. honestly 诚
实地；B. individually 单独地，分别地；C. calmly 冷静地；D. differently 不同地。根据上文“I started doing
anything I could to help them build a little ____5____. Most important, I began to treat them like winners.”可知，
作者帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。故选 D。
第二节 语法填空(共 17 小题;每小题 1 分，共 17 分)
【答案】11. scientific
12. to improve
13. landing
14. visits
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章讲述中国最新优化的冠状病毒肺炎动态清零协议将有助于更早恢复民航
业。为了更加科学准确地预防病毒，中国上周推出了 20 项措施来加强疫情防控。
【11 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：为了更加科学准确地预防病毒，中国上周推出了 20 项措施来加强疫情防控，包括取
消 5 名及以上乘客在中国着陆时检测呈阳性的航空公司停飞两周。分析句子可知，and 连接两个形容词修
饰 virus prevention 作定语，故填 scientific。
【12 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，improve 作目的状语用不定式形式，故填 to improve。
【13 题详解】
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考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更加科学准确地预防病毒，中国上周推出了 20 项措施来加强疫情防控，包
括取消 5 名及以上乘客在中国着陆时检测呈阳性的航空公司停飞两周。介词 on 后接动名词作宾语，故填
landing。
【14 题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们还将对入境人员和密切接触者的 COVID-19 隔离时间从 10 天减少到 8 天。形容词
incoming 修饰名词，作介词 for 的宾语，visit“访问”是可数名词，根据句意用复数，故填 visits。
【答案】15. whose
bination
17. When 18. and
19. popularly
20. monsters
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部名为《弗兰肯斯坦》的小说。
【15 题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：《弗兰肯斯坦》的主人公是创造怪物的“疯狂科学家”，是哥特式恐怖故事和科幻
小说的结合体。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词 Frankenstein 和从句主语 main
character 形成所属关系，即 Frankenstein’s main character，关系词在从句中作定语，用先行词 whose。故填
whose。
【16 题详解】
考查名词。句意：《弗兰肯斯坦》的主人公是创造怪物的“疯狂科学家”，是哥特式恐怖故事和科幻小说
的结合体。分析句子，设空处应该使用 combine 的名词 combination，a combination of (……结合)。故填
combination。
【17 题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：当它在一开始寻求爱的时候，怪物会在每个遇见它的人身上激起仇恨。分析句
子，设空处用 when 引导时间状语从句。同时，该空置于句首，首字母要大写。故填 When。
【18 题详解】
考查连词。句意：孤独和痛苦，怪物背弃了它的创造者，最终失去了生命。分析句子，设空处填写连词，
连接前后两个句子，此处表示并列关系。故用 and。
【19 题详解】
考查副词。句意：弗兰肯斯坦的名字已经变成了人们普遍喜欢这个生物本身，它已经成为电影史上最著名
的怪物之一。分析句子，设空处应该填写 popular 的副词 popularly 作状语，修饰形容词 attached。故填
popularly。
【20 题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：弗兰肯斯坦的名字已经变成了人们普遍喜欢这个生物本身，它已经成为电影史上最
著名的怪物之一。one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词，意为“最……之一”，monster 为可数名词，意为
“怪物”，用其复数形式。故填 monsters。
第10页/共15页
【答案】21. why
22. was pulled
23. to 24. where
25. unable 26. have told
27. to believe
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了一段难以置信的被渔夫从水中救出的经历。（节选）
【21 题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：如你所见，我在这里讲述这个故事的原因是我做了正确的决定。分析句子可知，
why 引导定语从句主干完整，修饰先行词 the reason，在从句中作原因状语；the reason why … is that… 意
为“……的原因是……”。故填 why。
【22 题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：我离开船后，我哥哥在里面，船被拉进了漩涡的底部。分析句子可知，after 引导时
间状语从句，且谓语动词 left 是一般过去时，那么主句中缺的谓语动词也用一般过去时，结合句意使用被
动语态，主语 it 是单数，则应填 was done 结构。故填 was pulled。
【23 题详解】
考查介词。句意：这时天空晴朗了，风平浪静了，月亮也放光了，我仍然被绑在木桶上，海浪很快把我带
到了其他渔民所在的地方。be tied to…意为“束缚于……，捆绑于……”。故填 to。
【24 题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这时天空晴朗了，风平浪静了，月亮也放光了，我仍然被绑在木桶上，海浪很快把
我带到了其他渔民所在的地方。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词 area，在从句中做地点状
语，故用关系副词。故填 where。
【25 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：那些渔夫是我的老朋友，但他们认不出我来了。根据 but 可知，我的朋友没能认出我
来，所以填 able 的反义词，be unable to do sth. 意为“不能做某事”。故填 unable。
【26 题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：现在我已经告诉你了，我不指望你相信我，就像那个渔夫一样。根据语境可知，
“我”已经讲完了“我”的故事，此处强调动作已经完成并对现在造成的影响，所以用现在完成时。故填
have told。
【27 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在我告诉你，我不指望你相信我，就像那个渔夫一样。分析句子可知，cannot
expect 为本句谓语动词，空处用非谓语动词作宾语，expect sb. to do sth. 意为“期待某人做某事”。故填 to
believe。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38 分)
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. B 31. C
【解析】
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【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了四种不同国际摄影展的时间、地点等信息。
【28 题详解】
推理判断题。比较四个活动的时间可知，RPS Gallery, Bristol 中关键信息“Until October 21, 2022(直到 2022
年 10 月 21 日)”及“A total of 105 works by 57 photographers will be on display in the International
Photography Exhibition 163 at RPS Gallery.(第 163 届国际摄影展将在 RPS 画廊展出 57 位摄影师的 105 幅作
品)”可知，International Photography Exhibition 163 是时间最早的，所以已经结束了。故选 D 项。
【29 题详解】
细节理解题。根据 Travel Photographer of the Year 中关键信息“December 2—28, 2022(2022 年 12 月 2 日到
28 日)”可知，年度旅行摄影师展将会持续 27 天。故选 B 项。
【30 题详解】
细节理解题。根据 Travel Photographer of the Year 中关键信息“Monday to Saturday: 9:00 am—5:00 pm(星期
一到星期六：早上 9 点到下午 5 点)”可知，如果你想在周二参观展览，可以选择 Travel Photographer of the
Year。故选 B 项。
【31 题详解】
细节理解题。根据前三个活动的标题“Sony World Photography Awards(索尼世界摄影大奖)”；“Travel
Photographer of the Year(年度最佳旅行摄影师)”；“Bird Photographer of the Year 2022(2022 年度鸟类摄影
师)”及第四个活动的展览名称“the International Photography Exhibition 163(163 国际摄影展)”可知，四个
活动都是摄影展览。故选 C 项。
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者在一次马拉松比赛中遇到了一名跛足女士，从她身上学到了真正重要的不
是取胜而是坚持到底的道理。
【32 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Her legs were so crippled (跛足的) and bent that it seemed impossible for
her to walk, not to mention run a marathon.”(她的腿残疾得如此严重而且还弯曲，似乎连走路都不可能，更
不用说跑马拉松了。)和第三段第一句“The driver and I watched in silence as she slowly moved forward.”(我
和司机静静地看着她慢慢向前走。)可知，这名女士有强大的意志力；根据最后一段第一句“I don’t know
this woman’s name, but that day she became a part of my life—a part I often depend on.”(我不知道这个女人的名
字，但从那一天起，她成了我生命的一部分——我常常依赖的一部分。)可知，这名女士是一个可敬的人。
故选 D。
【33 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句和第三句“For her, it wasn’t about beating the other runners or winning a
prize. It was about finishing what she had set out to do.”(对她来说，无关于打败其他选手或赢得奖品。而是完
成她已经开始做的事情。)可知，作者从女士身上学到了真正重要的不是取胜而是坚持到底的道理。故选
C。
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【34 题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“I knew we were already watching our “last runner”.”(我知道我们已经在看
“最后一名选手”了。)和最后一段倒第二句“When I think things are too difficult or I get those “I-just-can’t-
do-it,” I think of the last runner.”(当我觉得事情太难了，或者是“我就是做不到”的时候，我就会想到这个
最后一名选手。)可知，作者以最后一名选手为着眼点，阐述了真正重要的不是取胜而是坚持到底的道理。
故选 B。
【答案】35. A 36. B 37. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了气候变暖导致“虚假秋天”的出现，呼吁人们将这种现象视为警告，
采取措施阻止全球变暖现象进一步恶化。
【35 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The woods are turning orange. Drifts of dry leaves are growing on forest floors
and flying into street corners. From a distance, it is beautiful. But the air is still warm and summery. This turning
and leaf fall is not the usual gradual preparation for winter in temperate zones (温带) but a stress response by trees
trying to preserve water. (树林正在变成橙色。干枯的树叶飘落在森林地面上，飞到街角。从远处看，它很
美。但空气仍然温暖、像是夏季。这种转变和落叶不是温带冬季通常的逐渐准备，而是树木试图保水的应
激反应。)”可知，本来秋天树叶变黄落下，现在冬天树叶变黄落下，人们误把冬天当秋天，就是虚假秋
天。由此可知，“虚假秋天”的令人不安的迹象是树叶在冬天逐渐变成橙色并落下。故选 A。
【36 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One of the reasons why the Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s 1798
poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is so effective is the directness with which it links the shooting of an
albatross (信天翁)—the destruction of innocent wildlife—to a terrible change in the weather: no rain, just burning,
death-dealing sun.(浪漫主义诗人 Samuel Taylor Coleridge1798 年的诗 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 如此有
效的原因之一是，它直接将射杀信天翁——无辜野生动物的毁灭——与可怕的天气变化联系起来：没有
雨，只有灼热的、致命的太阳)”可知，Coleridge1798 年的诗歌 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 如此有效是
因为它将野生动物的毁灭与极端天气直接联系起来。故选 B。
【37 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“We are now in a false autumn, caused by heat and drought. And it feels
wrong.( 我们现在处于一个由炎热和干旱造成的虚假秋天。这感觉不对)”和文章第二段第一句“There is,
therefore, something deeply disturbing about such a graphic alteration of familiar rhythms.(因此，这种对熟悉的节
律的形象改变令人深感不安)”以及最后一段最后一句“Now we must hope we are doing enough to make sure
that these fearful golden days can be an autumn of autumns. (现在，我们必须希望我们正在做的足够多，以确保
这些可怕的金色日子成为一个真正秋天中的秋天)”可知，作者在文中文章讲述了气候变暖导致出现“虚假
秋天”，呼吁人们将这种现象视为警告，采取措施阻止全球变暖进一步恶化。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章
的整体基调是担心的。故选 B。
【答案】38. A 39. C 40. A 41. D
第13页/共15页
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。本文根据斯沃斯莫尔学院改变了新生入学的要求这一现象，论述了这种现象
后面的原因并表达了自己的观点——一所学校录取过程的成功在于在申请者和学校之间进行合适的匹配。
【38 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Between the last application season and the current one, Swarthmore College, a
school nationally well-known for its academic strictness, changed the requirements for students for admission into
its next freshman class. It made filling out the proper forms easier.(从上个申请季到现在这个申请季，斯沃斯莫
尔学院(Swarthmore College)——一所以学术严格而闻名全国的学校——改变了新生入学的要求。它使填写
适当的表格更容易)”及第二段“Swarthmore is hardly alone in its desire to eliminate obstacles for a bounty of
applicants.(斯沃斯莫尔学院并不是唯一一个希望为大量申请者消除障碍的机构)”可知，Swarthmore 大学为
申请者简化了申请程序。故选 A 项。
【39 题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“In our increasingly status-oriented society, a school’s reputation is improved by a
low acceptance rate, which can even influence how U.S. News & World Report ranks it. And unless a school is
shrinking the size of its student body, the only way to bring its acceptance rate down is to get its number of
applicants up. So, many colleges methodically generate interest only to frustrate it.(在我们这个越来越注重地位的
社会，低录取率会提高一所学校的声誉，这甚至会影响《美国新闻与世界报道》(U.S. News & World
Report)对它的排名。除非学校缩减学生规模，否则降低录取率的唯一方法就是增加申请人数。因此，许多
大学有条不紊地培养学生的兴趣，却只是为了挫败这种兴趣)”可知，许多大学需要大量申请者申请，他们
邀请申请者的目的是为了拒绝他们，从而降低录取率，提高学校的声誉和威望。woo 与 invite 为同义词。
故选 C 项。
【40 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段“Smith College and several other similarly prominent colleges no longer
require the SAT or ACT, and Kathleen McCarney, the president of Smith College, said that that’s not a bid for more
applicants. It’s a recognition that top scores on those tests correlate with high family income and may say more
about an applicant’s economic advantages—including, say, private SAT tutoring—than about their academic
potential.(史密斯学院和其他几所同样著名的大学不再要求 SAT 或 ACT 成绩，史密斯学院总统的凯瑟琳·麦
卡尼(Kathleen McCarney)说，这并不是为了吸引更多的申请者。这是一种认识，即这些考试的高分与高家
庭收入相关，可能更多地说明申请人的经济优势——包括，比如，私人 SAT 辅导——而不是他们的学术潜
力)”可知，Kathleen McCarney 认为 SAT 或者 ACT 的结果和考生的家庭收入水平相关。故选 A 项。
【41 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“When it’s very easy for a student to apply to yet one more college and each
school is simply another desirable box of cereal on top shelf that he or she is determined to reach, there’s
inadequate thought to a tailored fit, which is what the admissions process should strive for. It’s what the measure of
success should be.(对于一个学生来说，再申请一所大学是非常容易的，而每一所学校都只是架子上另一盒
令人垂涎的麦片，就没有足够的思考来量身定制，这是招生过程应该努力追求的。这才是衡量成功的标
第14页/共15页
准)”可知，作者认为一所学校录取过程的成功在于要为申请者进行量身定制，在申请者和学校之间进行合
适的匹配。故选 D 项。
第二节 七选五(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
【答案】42. A 43. D 44. F 45. G 46. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要从少用、重复使用和循环利用三个方面介绍了如何减少家庭垃圾。
【42 题详解】
根据上文“Most of us don’t like to think too much about rubbish（大多数人不喜欢对于垃圾有太多的思考）”
和下文“However, household waste is a major contributor to our planet’s waste problem（然而，家庭垃圾使我
们星球垃圾问题的主要制造者）可知，空处承上启下，说明人们只是扔垃圾，除此之外并没有多思考，导
致了地球垃圾的大量堆积。为这句转折来做铺垫。A 项”我们把它放在垃圾桶，除此之外也没想太多”符
合题意。故选 A。
【43 题详解】
由上文“Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.（少用，重复使用和循环利用）”以及空处上文“The order is
important.（顺序很重要）”可知这部分要分别讲 Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.三个的措施的顺序，所以这部
分先讲减少废物和重用通常是最好的方法来减少浪费。D 项“减少废物和重用通常是最好的方法来减少浪
费”符合题意。故选 D。
【44 题详解】
由上文“when our efforts to reduce and reuse still result in an overflowing rubbish bin, the advantages of recycling
cannot be ignored.（当我们减少和再利用垃圾的努力仍然导致垃圾箱满溢时，回收利用的好处不容忽视）”
可知，这部分是需要讲回收利用的好处。F 项“回收减少原材料的使用，以此来保护我们的自然资源”符
合语境。故选 F。
【45 题详解】
由上文“but you also stop it from getting thrown into a landfill (垃圾掩埋场) for up to 700 years—and that’s
before it even starts to rot（但你也可以阻止它被扔进垃圾填埋场长达 700 年，甚至在它开始腐烂之前）”可
知，这部分在讲回收利用可以减少垃圾掩埋。G 项“仅回收 10%的塑料瓶就可以使 9000 万公斤的塑料垃
圾远离填埋场”符合题意。故选 G。
【46 题详解】
根据后文“Starting with recycling grey water for gardening purposes, to recycling materials such as glass, paper
and iron—it all reduces the use of raw materials.（从回收利用灰水（生活中污染较轻的水）为园艺用途，回
收利用比如玻璃、纸张和铁开始，这所有的回收利用都可以减少使用原材料）可知，此处主要讲述从生活
小处入手注重回收利用垃圾节约资源。B 项”个人的集体行动可以产生显著的影响”符合题意。故选 B。
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