新课标 Unit 2 Great eople Grammar课件 (牛津译林九年级下册）

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译林版·九年级下册
Unit 2 Great people
Grammar
目录：
导入新课，出示目标、
复习一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时和现在完成时知识点点拨
当堂训练，布置作业
Translate the following sentences and tell what tense is used in each sentence.
1. 他总是设法独自做每一件事。
He always _________________________
____________. (时态：__________)
2. 宇航员们目前为下一次飞行做准备。
The astronauts ______________________
______ at present. (时态：___________)
manages to do everything by himself
一般现在时
are preparing for the next flight
现在进行时
Revision
3. 在返回地球的途中，宇宙飞船开始旋转，失去了控制。
On their way back to the Earth, the spacecraft _________________________.
(时态：__________)
4. 那一刻，全世界都在等待着向他们问候。
At that moment, the whole world _______________________.
(时态：__________)
began spinning out of control
一般过去时
was waiting to greet them
过去时行时
5. 在太空中，阿姆斯特朗接到缩短航程的命令。
In space, Armstrong __________________
________________. (时态：__________)
6. 因为他的出色表现，迄今他已经被授予了五个奖项。
Because of __________________, _____________________________ so far.
(时态：___________)
received the order to cut the flight short
一般过去时
he has been presented five awards
现在完成时
his excellent service
学 习 目 标
1.掌握本课时新单词及短语：passage, take part in, the invention of, by hand；
2.复习一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时和现在完成时的结构和用法；
3.能正确分辨和运用各时态。
动词主要用来表示动作、状态和性质，而英语中动词的时态是指动作和状态发生的具体时间表现方式。
英语中动词时态用动词的不同形式来表示。英语中动词的五种基本形式为：___________、______________、__________、__________和 _________。
如：write--writes--writing--wrote--written
动词原形
第三人称单数
现在分词
过去式
过去分词
Tenses
英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用不同形式的谓语动词来表示，也就是说时态是通过谓语动词的某种形式搭配助动词来体现的。
现在进行时：
一般现在时：
一般将来时：
一般过去时：
过去进行时：
现在完成时：
am/is/are eating
eat/eats (否定、疑问—助动词do/does)
will/be going to eat
ate(否定、疑问—助动词did)
was/were eating
have/has eaten
doing
三单 does
过去式 did
过去分词 done
Differences between tenses
Simple present
Used for:
1. a present state
e.g. John lives in New York.
2. daily routine and habits
e.g. I always go to bed at 140 p.m.
A Simple present and present continuous
Gramma tenses
3. present actions that happen one after another
e.g. School is over and the students
go home.
4. actions set by a timetable or schedule
e.g. The talk show starts at 7 p.m.
Present continuous
Used for:
1. actions that happen right now
e.g. Look! The reporter is interviewing
the astronaut.
2. actions that happen at the same time
e.g. Mum is doing the housework and
Dad is working on the computer.
3. actions in a limited period of time
e.g. I am working on a history project this week.
4. arrangements for the near future
e.g. I am leaving for Shanghai tonight.
时态 用法 时间状语
一般 现在时 1. 表示现在存在的状态或经常性、习惯性的动作。 2. 客观事实。 3. 表示按时间表计划将要发生的事情。
现在 进行时 表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。
always, often,
usually,
sometimes,
seldom, never,
every day…
at the moment,
today, now,
right now,
Listen! Look!
The talk show starts at 7p.m..
I am doing my homework now.
主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词的变化规则如下:
一般动词在词尾加-s,如: helps, makes, gets, swims, knows, plays等.
以s, x, ch, sh, 或o结尾的动词在词尾加-es,如dresses, washes, catches, does等.
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词, 先变y为i,再加-es, 如fly---flies, study--- studies等.
动词+ing的变化规则如下:
一般动词在词尾加-ing,如: helping, playing等.
以不发音的e结尾的动词-e +ing,如drive—driving, make--making等.
以重读闭音节结尾的动词, 双写尾字母再加ing, 如get—getting; stop---stopping等.
以ie结尾的动词，去掉ie+ying.
e.g. I often go to school at 7 a.m.
我经常七点上学。
He is watching TV.
他正在看电视。
I like collecting stamps.
我喜欢集邮。
This month, they are preparing for the exam.
这个月他们正在准备考试。
Multiple choice.
1. Who ___ over there now
A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing
2. It’s eight o’clock. The students ___ an English class.
A. have B. having C. is having D. are having
3. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room.
A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries
4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters.
A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing
5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____.
A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep
6. Tom is a worker. He ___ in a factory. His sisters ____ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works
Millie is writing about what her family members are doing. Help her complete her article with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.
We enjoy the modern life !
I (1) _____________________ (have) a day out with my classmates this Saturday, so I (2) ________ (need) a pair of trainers. Mum (3) _____________ (shop) online for me now. She often (4) _________ (shop) online. Dad (5) _____________ (search) for information on the Internet. He (6) _______________________ (visit) Japan next week. Grandpa (7) ____________ (read) the newspaper and Grandma (8) ______________ (watch) TV. I (9) __________ (want) to write an email to Wendy before I (10) ________ (go) to bed.
will have/am going to have
need
is shopping
shops
is searching
will visit/is going to visit
is reading
is watching
want
go
时态 用法 时间状语
一般 将来时 表示将来某一时刻会出现的动作或状态。
tomorrow ，
in 2015，
next year，
in two days，
this coming...,
this afternoon
I'l give him the message as soon as I see him.
We'll go shopping if it_______________(not rain).
Don't get off the bus until it ____________(stop).
= unless it rains.
doesnt rain
stops
主将从现
在时间或条件状语从句中,如果主句表达将来含义,从句用一般现在时表达将来含义
e.g. I often go to school at 7 a.m.
我经常七点上学。
He is watching TV.
他正在看电视。
I like collecting stamps.
我喜欢集邮。
This month, they are preparing for the exam.
这个月他们正在准备考试。
Simple past
Used for:
1. Actions that happened in the past.
e.g. Simon played football yesterday.
2. Actions that happened one after another in the past.
e.g. Simon came home, turned on the
computer and checked his email.
B Simple past and past continuous
Past continuous
Used for:
1. actions that were in progress at a certain time in the past
e.g. Yesterday at 4 p.m., Simon was playing football.
2. actions that happened at the same time in the past
e.g. Simon was playing computer games while Millie was watching TV.
3. actions that lasted for some time in the past
e.g. We were having a meeting from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. yesterday.
时态 用法 时间状语
一般 过去时 1. 表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。(often,always)
过去 进行时 表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作 2. 在过去某段时间一直在进行的动作
yesterday, last week,
an hour ago,just now,
the other day, in 1982,
this morning等
at that time,
at this time yesterday,
at five yesterday
morning 等
过去经常
used to do sth.
would +动原
进行时与always等频度副词连用，表示过去频繁发生动作，常带有一定的感彩。
Simon was playing computer games while Millie was watching TV.
西蒙正在玩电脑游戏，米莉正在看电视。
It was raining when they left the station.
他们离开车站时天正在下雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
我到达山顶时，太阳照耀着。
1. when/while/as 引导的时间状语从句
2. 主从句两个动作为同时发生在过去的动作
条件
while后必须跟...
延续性动作——过去进行时
瞬间性动作——一般过去时
用法上的区别
1．过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时往往表示动作已完成。
试比较：
David wrote a letter to his father last night．
大卫昨晚给他父亲写了一封信。(信写完了。)
David was writing a letter to his father last night．
大卫昨晚正在给他父亲写信。(指信在写的过程中，不一定写完。)
2过去进行时和always连用，表示赞扬、感叹、厌恶等感彩；而一般过去时和always连用,表示经常或反复发生的动作。
试比较：
He was always changing his mind．他总是三心二意。(表示厌恶)
He always went to work by bus last year．
去年他总是乘坐公共汽车上班。(表示经常性动作)
3．一般说来，过去进行时侧重动作持续时间的长度；而一般过去时只说明过去某时发生某事，侧重说明事实。
试比较：
It was raining heavily last night．
昨晚下着大雨。(侧重说明下雨持续的时间长。)
It rained heavily last night．
昨天下了大雨。(侧重说明下雨这一事实。)
4．在带有all night, the whole morning等强调时间长度的状语时，句中谓语动词用过去进行时更好些。如：
He was working all night last Monday．
上周一他整整工作了一个晚上。
e.g.
Two months ago, I flew to London with my mother.
两个月前，我和妈妈一起坐飞机到伦敦。
She was reading while her mother was talking on the phone.
当她妈妈在打电话时，她在看书。
She was shopping at 10 a.m. yesterday.
昨天上午十点时她正在购物。
Simon and his friends are talking about what they did after dinner last plete their conversation with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.
What did you do last night
Simon: I (1) _______________ (watch) a wonderful football match from
7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. yesterday. My favorite team (2) __________
(win) the match.
Millie: I (3) _____________ (write) an email to Wendy at 7 p.m. yesterday.
She (4) ____________ (send) me an email last week.
Sandy: I (5) _________________ (practise) playing the piano the whole
night. I (6) _________________ (take) part in a competition this
morning.
was watching
won
was writing
sent
was practising
took/will take
Peter: Last night, I (7) ____________ (find) a website about travelling
in space. I (8) ________________ (read) passages on the website
while you (9) ___________________ (play) the piano, Sandy.
Daniel: I (10) ______________ (talk) to Aunt Jane on the phone at 7:30
yesterday evening. She (11) ______________ (call) me the day
before yesterday, but I (12) ___________ (be not) at home then.
found
was reading
were playing
was talking
called
was not
Simple past
Used for:
1. actions that happened in the past
e.g. I bought a new bicycle yesterday.
2. actions that happened at a certain time in the past
e.g. Kitty wrote an email to Linda an
hour ago.
C Simple past and present perfect
Present perfect
Used for:
1. emphasizing the result of a past action
e.g. I have bought a new bicycle, so I
can ride to school now.
2. telling how many times an action has happened till now
e.g. She has been to the USA twice.
时态 用法 时间状语
一般 过去时 1. 表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作。(often, always)
现在 完成时
yesterday, last week,
an hour ago,just now,
the other day, in 1982,
this morning...
1.过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果
2.过去某一时间开始并一直
持续到现在的动作或状态
already, just, ever, yet,
never, recently, lately,
in the past few years,
so far, up to now,
since…/for…
强调动作发生在过去
强调对现在造成的影响或者结果
非延续性动词和延续性动词
非延续性动词在时间上没有延续性，常见的有:
come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, buy, find, stop, become, open, borrow, lend, appear, close, fall, finish, sell, lose, kill...
这些动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 但是，非延续性动词的否定形式可以表示状态的延续，可与for/since 等时间状语连用。
非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy
borrow
open
close
begin/ start
come
go
finish
die
join
get married
have
keep
be open
be closed
be on
be here
be there
be over
be dead
be in … / be a member of…
been married
e.g. I lived in Sunshine Town three years ago.
（一般过去时不强调现在的情况）
我三年前住在阳光镇。
He has lived in Sunshine Town since he was born.
（表示他现在还住在阳光镇）
他自出生就生活在阳光镇。
The film has started for over ten minutes. （误）
The film has been on for over ten minutes. （正）
（与for, since等表示从过去到现在的时间段连用时，肯定句中要用延续性动词）
电影已经开始十多分钟了。
I __________ (visit) Xuanwu Lake with friends the other day.
______ you ever _______ (try) the famous Yangzhou fried rice
Some of you _______________ (not be) to Yangzhou yet.
—Why are you late, Jim (2012泰州）
—Because there_______ (be) a lot of traffic when I came here.
5. When ______ you _______ (have) your breakfast this morning
6. Who ____________ (take) away my pen I can’t find it.
7. —Is your father in
—No, he _________ (go) to Yangzhou for a visit.
8. —Look! Somebody ______________ (clean) the sofa. (2013 苏州)
—Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
visited
Have tried
haven’t been
was
did have
has taken
has gone
has cleaned
Have a try!
Multiple choice.
( ) 1. – Has your brother found his lost car ____
–No, he hasn’t.
A. still B. already C. just D. yet
( ) 2. The visitors _____ here for a week.
A. have left B. have come C. have arrived D. have been
( ) 3. Where ____ you _____ all these years, Jim
A. have, been B. did , be C. were, been D. did, stay
( ) 4. I’ve ____ this dictionary ____ a year.
A. bought, for B. had, for C. bought, since D. had, since
D
D
A
B
( ) 5. You ____ here before, ____ you
A. never are, are B. never came, do
C. have never been, have D. were never, were
( ) 6. The doctor ____ to Beijing twice.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes
( ) 7. My mother has ___ made a big mooncake herself.
A. already B. yet C. just D. always
( ) 8. -Mr Green is no longer working here. He
____ here for a month.
A.has gone B. has left C. has been away from D. left
C
B
A
C
Millie is writing about some modern inventions that have changed the way we live.
Help her choose the correct words in brackets to complete
her article.
Great inventions
Many modern inventions (1) __________ (make/ have made) a great difference in our life. They (2) ____________ (changed/ have changed) the way we live.
In ancient times, people (3) _____ (used/ have used) salt to help them keep fish or meat for a longer time. Fresh food would go bad in summer in a few hours. The invention of the fridge (4) ___________ (solved/ has solved) this problem.
have made
have changed
used
has solved
In the past, people (5) ________ (washed/ have washed) their clothes by hand. It (6) _____ (was/ has been) tiring, and it (7) _______ (took/ has taken) a lot of time. With the invention of the washing machine, people (8) ___________ (had/ have had) more time to relax.
In the old days, people (9) ___________ (travelled/ have travelled) by ship. Now planes (10) ___________ (made/ have made) journeys more comfortable.
washed
was
took
have had
travelled
have made
时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时
用法 表示经常性发生的动作、习惯性动作或客观真理、科学事实等。 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。 表示过去某时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 表示过去发生或者未发生的事对现在造成的影响或结果。
构成 方式 1. be(am/is/are) + 表语 2. 动原(三单) + … 1. was/were + 表语 2. 实义动词的过 去式 + … be(am/is/are) + 动词现在分词 was / were + 动词的现在分词 主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + …
句 型 变 化 疑 问 式 1. Be + 主语 + … 2. Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形+ … 1. Was/Were + 主 语 + … 2. Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + … Be + 主语 + 动词的现在分词 + … Was / Were + 主语 + 动词的现在分词 + …？ Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + …？
否 定 式 1. 主语 + be not … 2. 主语+don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形 + … 1. 主语 + was/were + not +… 2. 主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + … 主语 + be + not + 动词的现在分词 + … 主语 + wasn’t (was not) / weren’t (were not) + 动词的现在分词 + … 主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + 过去分词 + …
1. I am working on a history project this week.这周我正在做一个历史课题。
work on 致力于；从事
He has worked on the novel for two months.他写这部小说两个月了。
2. I am leaving for Shanghai tonight.今晚我要去上海。
① leave for+地点 动身去某地
I'm leaving for Dalian tomorrow. 我打算明天动身去大连。
② leave+地点+for+另一地点 离开某地前往另一个地方
He left Paris for London yesterday.
他昨天离开巴黎去伦敦了。
Language points
③ leave 遗留，遗赠 leave sb. sth.=leave sth. to sb.
④ leave 接复合宾语， 使……处于……状态 。
其复合宾语中的补语可以由形容词、介词（短语）、名词等来充当。
Leave the door open.让门开着。
⑤ leave 忘了带；丢下 ，其后可接地点状语。
I've left my bag on the bus.
我把包忘在公共汽车上了。
3. Many modern inventions have made a great difference in our lie.
许多现代发明在我们的生活中产生了很大的影响。
make a great difference 产生很大的影响 。
make a difference to 对……产生影响
to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词。
Education can make a great difference to our life.
教育能对我们的生活产生很大的影响。
4. In the past, people washed their clothes by hand.
过去，人们用手洗衣服。
by hand 用手、手工的
My grandmother can make clothes by hand.我奶奶会手工做衣服。
【拓展】hand的相关短语
on the one (other) hand 一方面（另一方面）
hand in 上交 hand out 分发
1. Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he ______ in Japan last year.
A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet
2. Now my father ______ his bike to work every day instead of driving.
A. ride B. rode C. rides D. will ride
3. ----What were you doing this time yesterday
---- I _____ on the grass and drawing a picture.
A. sit B. sat C. am sitting D. was sitting
单项选择
当 堂 训 练
B
C
D
4. Don't make so much noise. The children _______
an English lesson.
A. have B. are having C. were having
5. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin
since she came here.
A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen
6. What ______ you ______ when the captain came in
A. are; doing B. did; do C. were; doing
B
D
C
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. He with his friends ______________(lie) in the sun and feeling
relaxed on the beach when the tsunami came.
2. —Hi, Mary! Look at your shoes. They’re worn out.
—Oh, thanks for reminding me. I _______________ (not notice) that.
3. —Jane, I can’t find Mike in the playground.
—Oh. He ______________(play) the piano in the music room.
was lying
didn't notice
is playing
4. We are told that online shopping, if done properly,
______________(save) us a lot of time and energy.
5. Listening to his useless chatting really __________(test)
my patience. I won’t chat with him again.
6.—Is there any mistake in your homework, Jim
—I‘m not sure. I _________________ (not check) it carefully.
will save
tests
haven't checked
1. Review the grammar we’ve learned today.
2. Finish the related exercises.
3. Preview Integrated skills & Study skills on page 29-31.
Homework
谢谢
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