中考英语二轮语法专项复习课件 第十六讲 宾语从句

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第十六讲 宾语从句
中考英语专项复习
1.理解宾语从句的定义；
2.掌握宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词的选择。
学习目标
一 宾 语 从 句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句 。
宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
1 动词后的宾语从句
①大多数动词可以带宾语从句
I hope you can join us in the game,
He told me that he would come to the party
②有些动词+副词结构如figure out，work out，find out，point out等后可加宾语从句
Please find out when the ship leaves for New York
Scientists point out that the globe is getting warmer and warmer.
③动词短语也可带宾语从句
Mare sure that there are no mistakes in your papers.
We should keep in mind that sports can help us develop ourbodies.
【注意】①动词find，feel，think，consdier，make，belieave，guess，suppose等后面有宾语补足语时，需要用it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
即find，feel，think，consdier，make，belieave，guess，suppose+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
I think it important that we should learn Enlish well.
②动词hate，like，take，have，owe，take for granted等表示喜欢，痛恨，认为的词或短语和see to（注意，留意）后面不能直接加宾语从句，需要先用it 作形式宾语，然后再加宾语从句
I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.
He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行。
③若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替。
I consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我认为你所说的是不可信的
(2)介词后的宾语从句
介词后的宾语从句一般常用wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句
She is always thinking of how she can do more for others
用that引导的从句作介词宾语时，一般先用形式宾语it代替，然后加that从句
You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 你相信我，我会帮你的.
③形容词后的宾语从句
sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied，sorry等表语情感，态度的形容词后也可带宾语从句
I am sure that they will make it.
I am soryy that I have troubled you so much
We are pleased that we have overcome the difficulty.
1. 宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句的引导词有三种类型：
第一种是that引导的宾语从句
第二种是if/whether引导的宾语从句
第三种是wh-类引导的宾语从句
疑问代词，如what，which，who，whom，whoever，whichever等
疑问副词，如when，where，why，how，however，whenever，wherever等
中考英语主要考查的关于宾语从句的知识点有三个：
引导词、时态和语序。
(1）that 引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时,宾语从句具有陈述意义时，或是宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，用于陈述一件事，that无实际意义，在从句中不作任何句子成分，在口语或非正式文体中一般可省略。
He said (that)he could finish his work before lunch.
The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.
I think (that) you should turn to teacher for help.
(2)if或whether引导的宾语从句
宾语从句具有一般疑问句的含义时，或是宾语从句是一般疑问句转化而来的，引导词用if 或whether。if 或whether在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的意义，意为“是否”。if 或whether不可以省略。
I don’t know whether /if he still lives here after so many years.
I wonder whether/if they will come to our party
【注意】一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但下列四种情况只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether，而不用if。
I am not sure whether/if he will come or not.
I want to know whether/if it’s good news or not.
I can’t say whether or not they can come on time.
②从句在介词后面，只能用whether，不能用if
I’m thinking of whether we should help her.
It depends on whether it is going to rain.
③在不定式前面时，只能用whether，不能用if
They asked me whether to watch TV together.
He can’t decide whether to stay.
④为了强调，从句放于句首时，只能用whether，不能用if
Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
Whether we can finish the work on time is still a problem.
(3)wh-类的疑问词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句具有特殊疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，用连接代词（what, which, who, whom,whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。z此时引导词有具体的含义，在从句中要作相应的句子成分，不能够省略。
Do you know who has won the game？
He didn’t tell me when we would meet again.
Could you tell me how the accident happened？
2. 宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态常常受到主句的影响，因此在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态保持一致。一般遵循下列原则：
①若主句的谓语动词是现在时（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时）或一般将来时或祈使句时，从句可根据需要选用任何一种时态。（主现或主将从随意）
She says （that) she works from Monday to Friday.(从句时一般现在时）
I don’t know if Mary will come tomorrow. (从句tomorrow判断用一般将来时）
My cousin hasn’t decided how he will go to Shanghai this weekend.
（主句现在完成时 从句由this weekend确定用一般将来时
I don’t remember where I put the book yesterday.（主句一般现在时从句由yesterday确定用一般过去时)
②如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，其从句要用相应的过去时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
My friend asked me where I bought the phone.
（主句一般过去时 从句一般过去时）
He said that he had learned some English before.
（主句一般过去时 从句过去完成时）
She said that he was going to take care of the baby
（主句一般过去时 从句过去将来时）
文本信息
He said that they were having a meeting at that time.
（主句一般过去时 从句过去进行时）
（3)若从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实和规律、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。
He said that light travles faster than sound（光比声音传播的快）
He said that he usually gets up at 7：00 and goes to school at 7:30
Peter said that no news is good news.
文本信息
3.宾语从句的语序
从句一定是陈述语序,即连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分
①将陈述句改为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序
He is looking for the lost dog.
His mother said.
改为宾语从句：His mother said (that) he was looking for the lost dog.
②一般疑问句改为宾语从句时，用if/whether作引导词来引导从句，同时调整语序为陈述语序。
Do you like Tom？ I don't know.
宾语从句： I don't know whether/if you like Tom.
Will he come to the party tonight . I wonder
宾语从句： I wonder if/whether he will come to the party tonight
Can he play the guitar？ The teacher asked me.
宾语从句：The teacher asked me (that）if/whether he could play the guitar.
③特殊疑问句改为宾语从句,要将疑问代词或疑问副词变为连接代词或连接副词,来引导宾语从句,同时调整语序为陈述语序。
文本信息
When did Peter leave I don’t know
宾语从句:I don’t know when Peter left
What are they looking for I I don’t know
宾语从句:I don’t know what they are looking for.
Where does your mother work Can you tell me
宾语从句：Can you tell me where your mother works？
【注意】当引导词本身在宾语从句中作主语时，其语序保持原来的语序不变。
The teacher asked me what was wrong with Tom. （what在从句中作主语）
Can you tell me what is the matter （what在从句中作主语）
I don’t know who is your English teacher.（who在从句中作主语）
2 宾语从句的否定转移
若主句主语是第一人称I或we 时，且谓语动词为think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, guess等时，主句时态为一般现在时，满足这三个条件，从句的否定一般转移到主句上。
I believe that he is telling a lie.
否定句：I don’t believe that he is telling a lie.我相信他没说谎
We think he can arrive here on time.
否定句：We don’t think he can arrive here on time.
【注意】如果主语不是第一人称，不用否定前移
They think you aren’t a student
3. 宾语从句的反意疑问句
①宾语从句的主句主语是第一人称且谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect,guess等.（看从句）
表示肯定时，疑问句中的助动词和主语要与从句的动词和主语保持一致,疑问句为否定句式。
I believe that you can fly,can’t you
We think that he has a phone,doesn’t he
We think that he has done his best,hasn’t he
表示否定时，疑问句中的助动词和主语依然要与从句的动词和主语保持一致，疑问句为肯定句式
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标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改。文字数字大小颜色参考此模板
I don’t believe that you can fly，can you？
We don’t think that he has a phone,does he
We don't think that he has done his best. has he？
②如果主句的主语不是第一人称时，疑问句中的助动词和主语要与宾语从句主句的动词和主语保持一致。（看主句）
They think that he can fly, don’t they
She doesn’t think that he has a phone,does she
You think she is a good teacher, don’t you 你认为她是个好老师，不是吗？
We told him we would go there next week ,didn’t we
He said that Lily would come back next Monday , didn’t he？
4含有 if和when时宾语从句和状语从句的区别
if和when既能引导宾语从句，也能引导状语从句，它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。
if和when引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”和“什么时候”，从句时态应和主句时态相呼应；
if 和when引导状语从句时，if引导条件状语从句，if的意思为“如果，假如”，when引导时间状语从句，when的意思“当……时候”。当主句时态是一般将来时时，从句时态用一般现在时。
1.---- I don’t know if she will come to the party tomorrow. 从句是一般将来时。
我不知道她是否会来。
2.---- She will come if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，她会来。（主将从现）
3.---- Do you know when she will come back tomorrow 你知她明天什么时候回来吗？
4.---- Sorry, I don’t know. When she comes back, I’ll tell you. 对不起，我不知道。当她回来，我将告诉你。（主将从现）
二 实 战 演 练
1．（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）This famous saying “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers” tells us ________.
A．how should we treat people B．who we can learn from
C．what did we say in public D．why we need teachers
2．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Many students did well in this exam. I wonder ________.
—Through their own efforts.
A．why did they get a success B．what they learned from it
C．whether they tried their best D．how they made it finally
B
D
3．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）—Do you know ________ the Dragon Boat Festival is this year
—Sorry, I don’t know the exact date.
A．how B．why C．when
4．（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）—I want to know ________ you got to Zigong yesterday.
—By high-speed train.
A．where B．how C．when
C
B
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5．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）Tom hasn’t decided ________ this Saturday.
A．where he will have a picnic B．where will he have a picnic
C．where he had a picnic D．where did he have a picnic
6．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）—President Xi has spoken highly of the environment protection in Qinghai Province. As a teenager, I wonder ________.
—We should throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean.
A．how we can protect the environment
B．why we can protect the environment
C．how can we protect the environment
A
A
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