★秘密·启用前
重庆缙云教育联盟2023-2024学年(上)12月月度质量检测
高一英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚;
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效;
3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回;
4.全卷共7页，满分120分，听力部分另附纸张，本卷考试时间100分钟。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Animals were the real pioneers of space flight. Let us learn about some animals that have been to space.
A. Fruit flies
On February 20, 1947, the United States sent some fruit flies into space to study the impact that cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射) might potentially have on astronauts in the future. They chose flies because they are genetically similar to humans.
When they returned to Earth, the scientists found the flies alive, with no evidence of the effects of radiation.
B. Mice
Mice have long been used to find out more about how space travel will affect the human body. In fact, NASA has recently published a study of mice housed at the International Space Station. It shows that mice quickly adapt to microgravity (微重力) conditions.
The very first mouse went into space in 1950, reaching an altitude of 137km. However, unlike the fruit flies, the mouse died when the rocket broke into parts due to a parachute (降落伞) failure.
C. Dogs
Laika, a Russian homeless dog, went to space on November 3, 1957. She was picked up on the streets and was thought suitable because she had a gentle temperament (性情) and behaved well. The scientists also believed a homeless dog would be better at dealing with difficult conditions like microgravity than a pet dog.
Laika is famous for being the first animal to orbit (环绕……运行) the Earth. However, she never returned.
D. Spiders
In 1973, two garden spiders called Anita and Arabella were used in an experiment to see if they could still build webs in space.
Both spiders managed to build webs, even though the webs were slightly finer than on Earth. The study showed a great deal about the effects of microgravity on motor response (运动反应).
1. What can we learn about the mouse astronaut
A. It failed to come back alive.
B. It couldn’t survive in microgravity conditions.
C. Its genes were similar to humans’.
D. It was the first animal to be sent to space.
2. Laika was chosen by the scientists for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________ .
A. her good temperament B. her identity as a pet dog
C. her ability to deal with microgravity D. her good behavior
3. What’s the purpose of sending the two spiders to space
A. To compare the quality of webs they made on Earth and in space.
B. To study the impact of cosmic radiation on their survival.
C. To see how fast they could build webs in space.
D. To see whether they could build webs in space.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物在太空探索中的历史和作用。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据B. Mice部分中“However, unlike the fruit flies, the mouse died when the rocket broke into parts due to a parachute (降落伞) failure.(然而，与果蝇不同的是，当火箭因降落伞故障而破裂时，老鼠就死了)”可知，老鼠宇航员没能活着返回。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据C. Dogs部分中“She was picked up on the streets and was thought suitable because she had a gentle temperament (性情) and behaved well. The scientists also believed a homeless dog would be better at dealing with difficult conditions like microgravity than a pet dog.(她是在街上捡来的，因为她性情温和，表现得很好，所以被认为很合适。科学家们还认为，流浪狗比宠物狗更能适应微重力等恶劣环境)”可知，流浪狗Laika被选中有三个原因：性情温和、表现得很好、更能适应微重力等恶劣环境。B项中的“她的宠物狗身份”这一错误表述。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据D. Spiders部分中“In 1973, two garden spiders called Anita and Arabella were used in an experiment to see if they could still build webs in space.(1973年，两只名叫安妮塔和阿拉贝拉的花园蜘蛛被用于一项实验，看看它们是否还能在太空中织网。)”可知，把两只蜘蛛送上太空的目的是为了看它们能否能在太空中织网。故选D项。
B
Student newspapers across the US are facing a dark reality. As they are free to read, they are making less money than ever, meaning that such newspapers are finding it hard to survive.
Most college papers have reduced their print editions (版本). Last year, the Daily Tar Heel printed a paper four days a week. This year, it prints a paper every three days. And while it used to produce around 22,000 newspapers each time, it only makes around: 10,000 now, said Erica Perel, general manager.
Increasingly, student journalists have turned their focus to digital versions of their newspapers, and the new ways that social media allows them to tell stories. They’ve adapted their skills to mirror what’s going on in the professional journalism world.
“I think we’re adapting very well…in moving away from that print edition. But it’s challenging.” said Jonathan Carter, a student at North Carolina State University. So what should student newspapers do LoMonte said the best solution would be for universities to financially (财经的) support student journalism. University leaders like to talk about producing responsible students, he said, and journalism is a part of that.
In the meantime, campus newspapers are figuring out their financial models as they go along. Bruce dePyssler, adviser to North Carolina Central University’s Campus Echo Newspaper, said his students post one story a day online. The best stories are put together for a once-a-semester print edition.
And even if student journalists don’t go into media jobs, Perel said, “They’ve still had a great education.” “The number one thing that we teach is critical thinking (批判思考) and how to be a lifelong learner, ” she said, “The ones who are living through this transition (过渡) are the ones that are going to be a lot stronger for it in the end.”
4. What do most college newspapers do to face the dark reality
A. Improve printing quality. B. Reduce print editions.
C. Lower advertising fees. D. Increase paper price.
5. What does LoMonte suggest student newspapers do to survive
A. Ask colleges for money. B. Continue with paper versions.
C. Publish more digital editions. D. Create their own financial models.
6. Who thinks campus newspapers are trying a new financial model
A. Jonathan Carter. B. LoMonte.
C. Bruce dePyssler. D. Perel.
7. What’s the article mainly about
A. The proud history of the Daily Tar Heel. B. Student newspapers are adapting well.
C. School newspapers are under pressure. D. How to refresh traditional newspapers.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国大学报纸生存困难，面临压力的现状。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Most college papers have reduced their print editions. (大多数大学报纸已经减少了它们的印刷版)”可知，面对黑暗的现实，大多数大学报纸都缩减了印刷版。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第四段中“LoMonte said the best solution would be for universities to financially support student journalism. (LoMonte说，最好的解决办法是让大学在经济上支持学生新闻工作)”可知，LoMonte认为大学报纸存活下去的最好办法是得到学校的经济支持，从而推知，他建议大学报纸通过向大学要钱，得以继续生存。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段中“In the meantime, campus newspapers are figuring out their financial models as they go along. Bruce dePyssler, adviser to North Carolina Central University’s Campus Echo Newspaper, said his students post one story a day online. (与此同时，校园报纸也在不断摸索自己的财务模式。《北卡罗来纳中央大学校园回声报》的顾问Bruce dePyssler说，他的学生每天在网上发布一篇报道)”可知，Bruce dePyssler认为校报正在尝试一种新的财务模式。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段中“Student newspapers across the US are facing a dark reality. (美国各地的学生报纸都面临着一个黑暗的现实)”以及“such newspapers are finding it hard to survive (这些报纸很难生存)”可推知，本文主要介绍了校报正面临着很大压力。故选C项。
C
According to a study published this week, habitual napping (打盹) appears to be associated with a large brain volume in adults although experts stressed that further research was needed. It reduces the cost caused from the lost time and the fatigue-related errors. The work followed previous studies that suggested a brief doze could improve people’s ability to learn.
Arianna Huffington, a co-founder of Huff Post and the founder and chief executive of Thrive Global, said, “Given the latest science on the effectiveness of napping and the clear link between employees feeling well rested and their productivity, it’s long past time that businesses embrace short naps at work.”
Some businesses, including Thrive Global, have already introduced facilities for employees to take naps. Google introduced sleep pods as far back as 2014 and companies like Nike and Ben & Jerry’s introduced nap rooms. The practice has even been adopted by the NHS, with a growing number of hospitals introducing sleep pods for staff in an effort to help them get more rest. Employees, it seems, are enthusiastic. Sean Greenwood, of Ben & Jerry’s, said, “If a quick nap gets employees more involved and creative, we’re happy to provide that for our team members.”
Unfortunately, the practice of napping still suffers from our collective concept that sleep equals weakness and laziness. However, the performance-enhancing benefits of naps have been no secret to many leaders throughout history. It also gives the higher-ups the chance to acknowledge the 24/7 culture and come up with top-down solutions that encourage workers to take care of themselves in and out of work.
While sleep experts stressed that a daytime doze could be beneficial, they said it was crucial to get enough shut-eye at the end of a day. It is the late stage of sleep, sometimes missed by early risers, that strengthens the nerve circuits that make for learning and memory, allowing the brain to make and consolidate new neutral connections. Additionally, prioritizing sufficient sleep during the regular nightly sleep period is essential for overall well-being.
8. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A Work stress. B. Learning abilities.
C. A research finding. D. The brain volume.
9. What is Arianna Huffington’s attitude toward napping
A. Dismissive. B. Approving.
C. Unclear. D. Critical.
10. Why are so many companies mentioned in the passage
A. To advocate enough rest. B. To praise creative employees.
C. To compare the differences. D. To present the current situation.
11. What will possibly be discussed in the paragraph that follows
A. The approaches to shut-eye. B. The importance of napping.
C. The secrets to well-being. D. The benefits of memory.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了午睡可以提高成年人的大脑容量，并有助于改善学习能力。许多企业已经开始提供员工午睡的设施，员工认为这很有帮助。然而，午睡仍然在集体观念中受到误解，被认为是弱点和懒散的表现。睡眠专家指出，午睡确实对健康有益，但还是要优先保证晚上足够的睡眠。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“According to a study published this week, habitual napping (打盹) appears to be associated with a large brain volume in adults although experts stressed that further research was needed. It reduces the cost caused from the lost time and the fatigue-related errors. The work followed previous studies that suggested a brief doze could improve people’s ability to learn.(根据本周发表的一项研究，经常打盹似乎与成年人大脑体积增大有关，尽管专家强调还需要进一步研究。打盹可以减少由于失去时间和疲劳导致的错误成本。该项研究跟随之前的研究，表明短时间小睡可以改善人们的学习能力)”可知，本段主要讲述了一项研究发现。故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Arianna Huffington, a co-founder of Huff Post and the founder and chief executive of Thrive Global, said, “Given the latest science on the effectiveness of napping and the clear link between employees feeling well rested and their productivity, it’s long past time that businesses embrace short naps at work.”(Huff Post的联合创始人、Thrive Global创始人兼首席执行官Arianna Huffington表示：“考虑到最新的有关小睡效果的科学研究以及员工感觉焕发精神和生产力的明显联系，使企业接受在工作中短暂的小睡早就到了应该的时候。”)”可推知，Arianna Huffington认为企业接受在工作中短暂的小睡早就到了应该的时候，所以是赞同的。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Some businesses, including Thrive Global, have already introduced facilities for employees to take naps. Google introduced sleep pods as far back as 2014 and companies like Nike and Ben & Jerry’s introduced nap rooms. The practice has even been adopted by the NHS, with a growing number of hospitals introducing sleep pods for staff in an effort to help them get more rest. Employees, it seems, are enthusiastic. Sean Greenwood, of Ben & Jerry’s, said, “If a quick nap gets employees more involved and creative, we’re happy to provide that for our team members.”(Thrive Global 等企业已经提供员工小睡设施。早在2014年，谷歌就推出了睡眠舱，而 Nike 和 Ben＆Jerry’s 等公司也推出了小睡室。连 NHS 也采纳了这种做法，越来越多的医院为员工提供小睡舱，以帮助他们获得更多的休息时间。员工们似乎很热衷于这种做法。Ben＆Jerry’s 公司的 Sean Greenwood 说：“如果短暂小睡可以让员工更有参与感和创造力，我们很乐意为我们的团队成员提供这种服务。”)”可推知，文章中提到了这么多公司，是为了呈现当前的情况，也就是很多公司都已允许员工短暂小睡。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“While sleep experts stressed that a daytime doze could be beneficial, they said it was crucial to get enough shut-eye at the end of a day. It is the late stage of sleep, sometimes missed by early risers, that strengthens the nerve circuits that make for learning and memory, allowing the brain to make and consolidate new neutral connections. Additionally, prioritizing sufficient sleep during the regular nightly sleep period is essential for overall well-being.(尽管睡眠专家强调白天小睡可能有益，但他们表示，重要的是在一天结束时获得足够的睡眠。通常被早期起床者忽视的深度睡眠阶段增强了构建学习和记忆的神经回路，允许大脑建立和巩固新的中性连接。此外，在日常睡眠周期中优先保证充足的睡眠对整体健康至关重要)”可知，本段讲述了虽然白天小睡可能有益，但是更重要的是保证充足的睡眠。由此推知，接下来应是讲述保证充足睡眠的方法，也就是睡眠的方法。故选A项。
D
It’s often said that we human beings can dream in a foreign language. Could dreaming in a foreign language improve our memory Does dreaming in a foreign language mean we are making progress in learning that language
Before we look at multilingual (多语言) dreams, first we need to look at sleep. The connection between sleep and language can be applied to how we learn any language, including our native language. Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their first language. But, if we are going to remember that new word better, what matters is that we need to connect it with what we have learned. And in order to do that, we “need to have some sleep”, says Gareth Gaskell, a professor at the University of York.
It’s during sleep that the integration (整合) of old and new knowledge happens. At might, one part of our brain — the hippocampus — takes whatever new information it receives during the day and passes it on to other parts of the brain to be stored. The role that dreams play in this night-time learning process is still being studied, but “it’s entirely possible that during multilingual dreams, the brain is trying to connect the two languages”, says Marc, a researcher at a university in Bern, Switzerland.
So having multilingual dreams could mean that our brain is trying to remember a new word or phrase. However, it could also have an emotional (情感) significance. Danuta, a professor of psycholinguistics at the University of Silesia in Poland, suggests that multilingual dreams can express “fears or wishes” around learning a foreign language, including the wish to be a local speaker or to be accepted within a certain community.
We clearly still have a lot to learn about multilingual dreams, but one thing seems certain: if you’re trying to learn a new language, you can sleep on it.
12. Why does the author mention questions in paragraph 1
A. To compare different ideas. B. To introduce the main topic.
C. To present different types of dreams. D. To discuss the human language ability.
13. What is the key element in memorizing a new word according to the text
A. The other new words. B. The native language.
C. The gained knowledge. D. The speaking practice.
14. What can we learn about multilingual dreams
A They may influence people’s sleep quality. B. They can reflect language-learning feelings.
C. They are the best option to learn a language. D. They help to clear up the useless information.
15. Where is the text most likely from
A. A novel. B. A diary. C. A guidebook. D. A magazine.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡眠和语言之间的联系可以应用于如何学习任何语言，包括我们的母语。多语梦境中，大脑试图将两种语言联系起来，这有助于学习一门新的语言。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Could dreaming in a foreign language improve our memory Does dreaming in a foreign language mean we are making progress in learning that language (用外语做梦能提高我们的记忆力吗？梦见一门外语是否意味着我们在学习这门语言方面取得了进步？)”和第二段“The connection between sleep and language can be applied to how we learn any language, including our native language. (睡眠和语言之间的联系可以应用于我们如何学习任何语言，包括我们的母语。)”以及下文的内容可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了介绍主题：睡眠和语言之间的联系可以应用于如何学习任何语言。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But, if we are going to remember that new word better, what matters is that we need to connect it with what we have learned.(但是，如果我们要更好地记住新词，重要的是我们需要把它和我们学过的东西联系起来)”和第三段“At might, one part of our brain — the hippocampus — takes whatever new information it receives during the day and passes it on to other parts of the brain to be stored. (或许，我们大脑的一部分———海马体———接受白天接收到的任何新信息，并将其传递给大脑的其他部分进行存储。)”可知，根据文章记忆新单词的关键要素是已经获得的知识，把新单词和所学过的东西联系起来就能计得更好。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Danuta, a professor of psycholinguistics at the University of Silesia in Poland, suggests that multilingual dreams can express “fears or wishes” around learning a foreign language, including the wish to be a local speaker or to be accepted within a certain community.(波兰西里西亚大学心理语言学教授达努塔认为，多语言梦可以表达围绕学习外语的‘恐惧或愿望’，包括希望成为本地人或被某个社区接受)”可知，关于多语梦，我们能了解到它们能反映语言学习的感受。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要介绍了睡眠和语言之间的联系可以应用于如何学习任何语言，包括我们的母语。多语梦境中，大脑试图将两种语言联系起来，这有助于学习一门新的语言。根据倒数第二段讲到“Danuta, a professor of psycholinguistics at the University of Silesia in Poland, suggests that multilingual dreams can express “fears or wishes” around learning a foreign language, including the wish to be a local speaker or to be accepted within a certain community.(波兰西里西亚大学心理语言学教授达努塔认为，多语言梦可以表达围绕学习外语的‘恐惧或愿望’，包括希望成为本地人或被某个社区接受)”可知，本文是一篇有关于多语种梦境和语言学习之间的关系的文章，因此这篇文章最有可能来自一本杂志。故选D。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Survive a Tsunami on the Beach
The word tsunami is from Japanese. It describes a series of waves that can reach over 100 feet tall and travel at speeds up to 600 miles per hour across the sea. A single wave in a tsunami can be quite long, as much as 60 miles, causing great damage.____16____
Your best chance for surviving a tsunami on a beach is to pay attention to the warning signs, stay away from the shore after an earthquake, and get to high land. Then wait for information from disaster response groups.
____17____With your family, discuss how you’ll reach the evacuation area (紧急疏散区) as soon as possible.
The sooner you know a tsunami is coming the better your chance of making it to higher ground.____18____
·Head for high ground, get at least 100 feet above sea level.
·____19____
·Don’t swim against the current.
As you learn how to survive a tsunami, remember the first wave in a series of waves is the smallest and weakest.____20____ If you’re in a boat at the beach, head out into the ocean. You’ll stand a better chance away of survival away from the shoreline.
A. That’s why it’s crucial to know how to survive a Tsunami.
B. Grab something like a tree or something that float, like a raft.
C. The waves following an earthquake may continue for hours or up to a day.
D That’s why it’s essential to learn the early warning signs to survive a tsunami.
E. If it’s too late, and the water’s already rising, here’s what to do in a tsunami.
F. Your best chance for surviving a tsunami on a beach is to pay attention to the warning signs.
G. Whether you’re visiting or living in a tsunami zone, learn where the closest place is out of the tsunami’s reach.
【答案】16. A 17. G 18. E 19. B 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在海滩上躲避海啸。
【16题详解】
根据前文“The word tsunami is from Japanese. It describes a series of waves that can reach over 100 feet tall and travel at speeds up to 600 miles per hour across the sea. A single wave in a tsunami can be quite long, as much as 60 miles, causing great damage. (海啸这个词来自日语。它描述了一系列海浪，可以达到100英尺高，以每小时600英里的速度穿越大海。海啸中的单个波浪可以很长，长达60英里，造成巨大的破坏。)”可知，此处是指海啸非常可怕，所以学会如何在海啸中幸存下来非常重要，所以选项A“这就是为什么知道如何在海啸中生存是至关重要的。”切合文意。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据后文“With your family, discuss how you’ll reach the evacuation area (紧急疏散区) as soon as possible. (和你的家人商量怎样才能尽快到达疏散区。)”可知，此处是指要事先了解海啸的紧急疏散区，所以选项G“无论你是在海啸灾区旅游还是居住，都要了解离海啸最近的地方在哪里。”切合文意。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据前文“The sooner you know a tsunami is coming the better your chance of making it to higher ground. (你越早知道海啸即将来临，你就越有可能逃到高处。)”和后文“Head for high ground, get at least 100 feet above sea level. (前往高地，至少在海平面以上100英尺。)”可知，此处是指如果已经晚了应该做什么，所以选项E“如果太晚了，而海水已经在上涨，下面是在海啸中该做的事情。”切合文意。故选E。
【19题详解】
根据前文“Head for high ground, get at least 100 feet above sea level. (前往高地，至少在海平面以上100英尺。)”和后文“Don’t swim against the current. (不要逆水游泳。)”可知，此处是指海水已经在上涨时在海啸中该做的事情，且应用祈使句，所以选项B“找一些像树或者像木筏一样可以漂浮的东西。”切合文意。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据前文“As you learn how to survive a tsunami, remember the first wave in a series of waves is the smallest and weakest. (当你学习如何在海啸中生存时，记住在一系列海浪中，第一波是最小和最弱的。)”和后文“If you’re in a boat at the beach, head out into the ocean. You’ll stand a better chance away of survival away from the shoreline. (如果你在海滩上的船上，那就驶向大海。离开海岸线，你的生存机会更大。)”可知，此处是指如果在海滩上就要注意警报从而可以在第一波海浪中驶离海岸线，所以选项F“Your best chance for surviving a tsunami on a beach is to pay attention to the warning signs. (在海滩上躲过海啸的最好机会就是注意警告信号。)”切合文意。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In modern cities, it is now time as much as space that separates urban functions, as people’s lives are lived not only to different timetables, but also at wildly different rates. The mass timetable of the industrial city, with 9-5 office hours and silent Sundays, has gone. In its ___21___ is flexi-time, part-time working, Sunday shopping and the 24-hour city.
European cities are ___22___ these changes perhaps faster than British cities. In at least half a dozen cities in Italy, ___23___, you will find the Uffici Tempi--the Offices of Time. What they do is try to reorganise time more flexibly in the city, in order to meet new needs. This is particularly relevant for Italian women, an increasing number of whom have to ___24___ two timetables: work and home. Usually located in the Mayor’s office, the Uffici Tempi bring together transport providers, shop-owners, employers, trade unions, the police and other services to see how their efforts might be better ___25___. The main aim in all this is to increase the efficiency and productivity of the city. This can mean delaying the starting tunes in schools, offices and factories to avoid rush hours, or having shops opening later in the day but closing later too. One further ___26___ is that there can be more police about in the evening, patrolling the streets when people most need them.
In a number of German cities, people have been ___27___ whether the timetable of the future city should be 6x6 or 4x9--working hours, that is. Apparently male workers favour a four-day week, while women workers, on the other hand, favour ___28___ shorter working days. This would give employees more time in the afternoon to be with children or to get the shopping.
The ___29___ for public services to adapt to our changing lifestyles has been quite difficult for some of the staff involved. ___30___, who likes working evenings or Sundays Nevertheless, many city centres are now open for shopping seven days a week, and a number of them now promote themselves as ‘24-hour cities’, where those with money can drink, eat, dance and even shop the whole ___31___.
Time is flexible, but buildings aren’t. The ___32___ between the structure of the city and its uses, over time, is a serious architectural and planning problem. ___33___ has become the key skill. We are slowly ___34___ the terms of dormitory suburbs and industrial districts, in favour of mixed- use areas, out-of-town retailing and working from home. There is no doubt that planning theory is being ___35___ by the changing nature of time in the modern city.
21. A. report B. side C. place D. way
22. A. sticking to B. responding to C. objecting to D. turning to
23. A. for example B. on the other hand C. by contrast D. in the meanwhile
24. A. alter B. discuss C. understand D. balance
25. A. spared B. harmonized C. directed D. appreciated
26. A. method B. issue C. benefit D. excuse
27. A. debating B. asking C. doubting D. revealing
28. A. four B. six C. seven D. nine
29. A. need B. ambition C. pity D. reason
30. A. Above all B. On the contrary C. After all D. By all means
31. A. night B. day C. city D. area
32. A. difference B. mismatch C. communication D. relationship
33. A. Regulation B. Availability C. Adaptability D. Observation
34. A. varying B. coming C. accepting D. abandoning
35. A. presented B. proved C. established D. challenged
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在现代城市中，分隔城市功能的不仅是空间，还有时间，因为人们的生活不仅按照不同的时间表，而且以截然不同的速度进行。这个工业城市朝九晚五的办公时间和安静的周日，已经不复存在了。取而代之的是弹性工作时间、兼职工作、周日购物和24小时城市。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：取而代之的是弹性工作时间、兼职工作、周日购物和24小时城市。A. report报告；B. side一边；C. place地方；D. way方式。根据上文“The mass timetable of the industrial city, with 9-5 office hours and silent Sundays, has gone. (这个工业城市朝九晚五的办公时间和安静的周日，已经不复存在了)”可知，上文提到朝九晚五的办公时间和安静的周日，已经不复存在了，所以取而代之的是弹性工作时间、兼职工作、周日购物和24小时城市。短语in one’s place表示“取代”。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：欧洲城市对这些变化的反应可能比英国城市更快。A. sticking to坚持；B. responding to回应；C. objecting to反对；D. turning to求助于。根据后文“these changes perhaps faster than British cities”指欧洲城市对这些变化的反应。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在意大利至少六个城市，你会发现Uffici Tempi——时间办公室。A. for example例如；B. on the other hand另一方面；C. by contrast相比之下；D. in the meanwhile同时。根据上文“In at least half a dozen cities in Italy”可知，此处是在就欧洲城市对这些变化的反应进行举例说明。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对意大利妇女来说尤其重要，越来越多的妇女不得不平衡两个时间表：工作和家庭。A. alter改变；B. discuss讨论；C. understand理解；D. balance平衡。根据后文“two timetables: work and home.”指妇女不得不平衡两个时间表：工作和家庭。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Uffici Tempi通常设在市长办公室，将运输供应商、店主、雇主、工会、警察和其他服务部门聚集在一起，看看如何更好地协调他们的努力。A. spared抽出；B. harmonized和谐；C. directed指导；D. appreciated欣赏。根据上文“transport providers, shop-owners, employers, trade unions, the police and other services”此处指协调这些部门的努力。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个好处是，晚上可以有更多的警察在人们最需要的时候在街上巡逻。A. method方法；B. issue问题；C. benefit收益；D. excuse借口。根据后文“there can be more police about in the evening, patrolling the streets when people most need them.”可知，晚上可以有更多的警察在人们最需要的时候在街上巡逻是另一个好处，benefit符合语境。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在许多德国城市，人们一直在争论未来城市的时间表应该是6 × 6还是4 × 9——也就是工作时间。A. debating辩论；B. asking询问；C. doubting怀疑；D. revealing揭示。根据后文“whether the timetable of the future city should be 6x6 or 4x9--working hours”可知，人们一直在争论未来城市的时间表应该是6 × 6还是4 × 9——也就是工作时间。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查数词词义辨析。句意：显然，男性员工喜欢每周四天的工作制，而女性员工则喜欢缩短六天的工作制。A. four四；B. six六；C. seven七；D. nine九。呼应上文“the timetable of the future city should be 6x6 or 4x9 — working hours”指男性员工喜欢每周四天的工作制，而女性员工则喜欢缩短六天的工作制。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于一些工作人员来说，需要公共服务来适应我们不断变化的生活方式是相当困难的。A. need需要；B. ambition抱负；C. pity同情；D. reason理由。根据后文“for public services to adapt to our changing lifestyles”指需要公共服务来适应我们不断变化的生活方式，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，谁喜欢在晚上或周日工作呢？A. Above all尤其是；B. On the contrary相反地；C. After all毕竟；D. By all means无论如何。上文提到公共服务来适应我们不断变化的生活方式是相当困难的，因为毕竟没有人喜欢晚上或周日工作。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，许多市中心现在每周7天开放购物，其中一些城市现在宣传自己是“24小时城市”，在那里有钱的人可以喝酒、吃饭、跳舞，甚至整晚购物。A. night夜晚；B. day天；C. city城市；D. area区域。根据上文“a number of them now promote themselves as ‘24-hour cities’, where those with money can drink, eat, dance and even shop the whole”可知，24小时城市，说明在那里有钱的人可以喝酒、吃饭、跳舞，甚至整晚购物。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，城市结构与其用途之间的不匹配是一个严重的建筑和规划问题。A. difference差异；B. mismatch错配；C. communication交流；D. relationship关系。根据上文“Time is flexible, but buildings aren’t.(时间是灵活的，但建筑不是)”可知，城市结构与其用途之间存在不匹配问题。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：适应能力已成为关键技能。A. Regulation规章制度；B. Availability可用性；C. Adaptability适应性；D. Observation观察。上文提到城市结构与其用途之间存在不匹配问题，即适应能力不够。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们正在慢慢地放弃郊区的宿舍和工业区，转而青睐多功能区、城外零售业和在家工作。A. varying变化；B. coming来；C. accepting接受；D. abandoning抛弃。根据后文“in favour of mixed- use areas, out-of-town retailing and working from home.”可知，正在慢慢地放弃郊区的宿舍和工业区，转而青睐多功能区、城外零售业和在家工作。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，规划理论正受到现代城市中不断变化的时间性质的挑战。A. presented展示；B. proved证明；C. established建立；D. challenged挑战。根据后文“by the changing nature of time in the modern city”指规划理论正受到现代城市中不断变化的时间性质的挑战。故选D。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Today’s stars are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publishing stories about their personal lives. Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, they, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us ____36____ imagine.
According ____37____ psychologist Christina Villareal, celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing ____38____ the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time,” Villareal says, “they feel separated and alone.”
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities ____39____ (be) around for ages. In the 4th century B. C. , painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, ____40____ (hope) to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites ____41____.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot ____42____ (difficult). Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet ____43____ (spread) the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
____44____ fame is so troublesome, why aren’t all celebrities running away from it The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or ______45______ made them famous in the first place.
【答案】36 can
37. to 38. themselves
39. has been
40. hoping 41. do
42. more difficult
43 to spread
44. If 45. whatever##what
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议说明文。主要讲述了成为明星给明星带来的影响、追星的历史、明星的应对名气的方法等。
【36题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：虽然出名听起来像是梦想成真，但他们就像动物园里的动物一样，面临着我们很少能想象到的压力。that引导的是一个定语从句。根据句意，这里表示我们很少能想象到的压力，表示“能”，应用情态动词can，其后跟动词原形。故填can。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：根据心理学家Christina Villareal的说法，名人总是担心自己的公众形象。according to意为“据（……所说）”，为固定搭配。故填 to。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：最终，他们开始忘记自己的真实身份，以粉丝想象的方式看待自己，而不是把自己看作每个人都知道自己名字之前的样子。根据句意，seeing的逻辑主语和宾语都指的是they(指明星)，所以空处应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
【39题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：追踪名人的现象由来已久。根据句中的时间状语for ages可知，这里应用现在完成时。主语The phenomenon表示单数，所以谓语应用单数形式。故填has been。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：公元前4世纪，画家跟随亚历山大大帝出征，希望为他的崇拜者描绘他的胜利。分析句子结构，本句的谓语是followed，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语painters和hope之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词，作状语。故填hoping。
【41题详解】
考查助动词。句意：20世纪20年代和30年代的小报以与现代小报和网站大致相同的方式刊登关于电影明星的文章。这里表示20世纪20年代和30年代的小报刊登关于电影明星的文章和现代小报和网站刊登关于电影明星的文章两种方式大致一致，空处指代前文的“ran articles about film-stars”，应用助动词do的某种形式。这里表示现代的事情，应用一般现在时。且主语是modern tabloids and websites，助动词应用do。故填do。
【42题详解】
考查比较级。句意：然而，在今天成为公众人物要困难得多。根据句意和空前的a lot，这里是对如今做公众人物和以前做公众人物的难易程度进行比较，这里表示更加困难，应用形容词difficult的比较级more difficult。故填more difficult。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当他们说一些愚蠢的话或做一些荒谬的事时，总是有互联网在几分钟内传播新闻，让他们的“故事”永远鲜活起来。这里是there be句型，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语the Internet和spread之间是主谓关系，且空处和and后的keep...并列，所以空处应用不定式作后置定语。故填to spread。
【44题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：如果名气这么麻烦，为什么不是所有的名人都在逃避呢？分析句子结构，空处引导一个状语从句，再根据句意，这里表示“如果”，应用if引导条件状语从句。故填If。
【45题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他们关注的不是自己有多出名，而是他们喜欢做什么，或者是什么让他们出名。分析句子结构，空处引导一个宾语从句。根据句意，这里表示“让他们出名的东西”，应用连接代词whatever(任何……的事物)或what(……的事物，什么)引导。故填whatever/what。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 一位叫黎明的中学生给报社编辑写信，反映尽管政府在尽力保护文化遗产，但到目前为止由于许多人都没有认识到保护文化遗产的重要性，文化遗产正在遭到破坏。希望人们认识到文化遗产是全人类的共同财富（common wealth），许多文化遗产一旦遭到破坏就无法修复。希望借助报社号召（call on sb. to do）全社会来珍惜（value）和保护文化遗产。
注意：
1. 书信内容包括上述内容，但不能逐句翻译；
2. 词数：100左右。
Dear Editor,
I am a middle school student. I’m writing to tell you of my worry. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your truly,
Li Ming
【答案】Dear Editor,
I am a middle school student. I’m writing to tell you of my worry. Because many people haven’t realized the importance of protecting cultural relics so far, many cultural relics are being damaged. We must protect these relics because they are parts of our culture. These relics are important to us because they help us to learn the glorious history and great culture of our country. Our government is doing its best to protect and restore them, which is not enough. Everyone should know cultural relics are the common wealth of humans. Many of them cannot be restored once they are destroyed. We should attach great importance to protecting cultural relics and it is everyone’s duty to do that. I hope, with the help of your newspaper, we can call on the whole society to value and protect our cultural relics.
Yours truly,
Li Ming
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给报社编辑写信，表达文化遗产的重要性，希望借助报社号召全社会珍惜和保护文化遗产。
【详解】1.词汇积累
担忧：worry→concern
了解：know→understand
责任：duty→responsibility
呼吁：call on→appeal to
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：These relics are important to us because they help us to learn the glorious history and great culture of our country.
拓展句：The reason why these relics are important to us is that they help us to learn the glorious history and great culture of our country.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Our government is doing its best to protect and restore them, which is not enough.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Many of them cannot be restored once they are destroyed.（运用了once引导条件状语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was so heartbreaking for Devan Bonagura to see 81-year-old Nola Carpenter sitting in the break room of a supermarket where she works. In the short video he shared, the woman appears tired and stares at the floor as if thinking of something. The video finally went popular, earning over 30 million views and causing a movement that would change Carpenter’s life.
It is widely known that retail (零售) workers are heroes. They put up with long hours and angry customers, among a lot of other things. This work is challenging for young people and able-bodied people, so it can really be more difficult to the old. That’s why Bonagura posted the video.
He posted the short video of her with the message “Life shouldn’t be this hard. . . ”and the caption(字幕)“I feel bad”. At last, his followers asked him to find a way to support this woman, and it inspired him to open a GoFundMe campaign titled“Let’s help Carpenter retire (退休)”. The idea was to support Carpenter so that she could retire early.
Although the goal was just $10, 000, 24 hours later over $100, 000 had been collected. Two days later, Bonagura met up with Carpenter and told her how he had posted a video of her and how people had come together to help her. “They see that you’re a very hard worker,” the social media platform told the woman. “We are all super proud of you, and we want to offer you the $110, 000 that has been raised for you.” “T’d accept it, but I’d still have to work until I get the other $60, 000 to pay off the house,” she explained. “The house is what’s holding me at work. ”She then talked about her daily life and how she struggled to help those in need.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Knowing why Carpenter worked so hard at this age, every one was moved
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reaching her goal, Carpenter won’t retire until the New Year.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文:
Knowing why Carpenter worked so hard at this age, every one was moved. In fact, she is a kind lady who often helps others whenever she sees them in trouble, but after all, she herself is not rich enough. The reason why she wanted to buy a new house is that her own house was burned down in a big fire. So she decided to buy a new house and it would be convenient for her to offer shelter when she meets with homeless persons. Every day, she would eat some cheap vegetables to save some money. She had never bought a pieces of clothes for a long time. In a word, she was trying to pay for the new house.
Reaching her goal, Carpenter won’t retire until the New Year. ”I’m going to help them out for the holidays, and after that, it’ll be good to stay at home, “ said Carpenter when interviewed. She has worked at the supermarket for over 20 years. ”I’m going to miss my customers. They look for me every day, " she said. At the same time, she would use the money she earned to continue to offer help to those in need. That’s the kind chain.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了81岁Nola Carpenter工作疲惫的视频被上传到网上，获得了超过3000万的点击量，并引发了一场改变Carpenter生活的运动，24小时后已经筹集了10万多美元。Carpenter善良乐于助人，一直过着节俭的生活。同时，她会用挣来的钱继续帮助那些需要帮助的人。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“大家都知道Carpenter为什么在这个年纪还这么努力工作，都很感动”可知，第一段可描写Carpenter解释自己仍然工作的原因。
②由第二段首句内容“达到目标后，Carpenter要到新年才会退休”可知，第二段可描写Carpenter今后的打算。
2.续写线索：Carpenter解释原因——Carpenter乐于助人——Carpenter未来打算——Carpenter感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
购买：buy/purchase
寻找：look for/find
尝试：try to/attempt to
情绪类
感动：moved /touched
善良：kind /warm-hearted
【点睛】[高分句型1] In fact, she is a kind lady who often helps others whenever she sees them in trouble, but after all, she herself is not rich enough. (运用了who引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] So she decided to buy a new house and it would be convenient for her to offer shelter when she meets with homeless persons. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)★秘密·启用前
重庆缙云教育联盟2023-2024学年(上)12月月度质量检测
高一英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚;
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效;
3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回;
4.全卷共7页，满分120分，听力部分另附纸张，本卷考试时间100分钟。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Animals were the real pioneers of space flight. Let us learn about some animals that have been to space.
A. Fruit flies
On February 20, 1947, the United States sent some fruit flies into space to study the impact that cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射) might potentially have on astronauts in the future. They chose flies because they are genetically similar to humans.
When they returned to Earth, the scientists found the flies alive, with no evidence of the effects of radiation.
B. Mice
Mice have long been used to find out more about how space travel will affect the human body. In fact, NASA has recently published a study of mice housed at the International Space Station. It shows that mice quickly adapt to microgravity (微重力) conditions.
The very first mouse went into space in 1950, reaching an altitude of 137km. However, unlike the fruit flies, the mouse died when the rocket broke into parts due to a parachute (降落伞) failure.
C. Dogs
Laika, a Russian homeless dog, went to space on November 3, 1957. She was picked up on the streets and was thought suitable because she had a gentle temperament (性情) and behaved well. The scientists also believed a homeless dog would be better at dealing with difficult conditions like microgravity than a pet dog.
Laika is famous for being the first animal to orbit (环绕……运行) the Earth. However, she never returned.
D. Spiders
In 1973, two garden spiders called Anita and Arabella were used in an experiment to see if they could still build webs in space.
Both spiders managed to build webs, even though the webs were slightly finer than on Earth. The study showed a great deal about the effects of microgravity on motor response (运动反应).
1. What can we learn about the mouse astronaut
A. It failed to come back alive.
B. It couldn’t survive in microgravity conditions.
C. Its genes were similar to humans’.
D. It was the first animal to be sent to space.
2. Laika was chosen by the scientists for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________ .
A. her good temperament B. her identity as a pet dog
C. her ability to deal with microgravity D. her good behavior
3. What’s the purpose of sending the two spiders to space
A. To compare the quality of webs they made on Earth and in space.
B. To study the impact of cosmic radiation on their survival.
C. To see how fast they could build webs in space.
D. To see whether they could build webs in space.
B
Student newspapers across the US are facing a dark reality. As they are free to read, they are making less money than ever, meaning that such newspapers are finding it hard to survive.
Most college papers have reduced their print editions (版本). Last year, the Daily Tar Heel printed a paper four days a week. This year, it prints a paper every three days. And while it used to produce around 22,000 newspapers each time, it only makes around: 10,000 now, said Erica Perel, general manager.
Increasingly, student journalists have turned their focus to digital versions of their newspapers, and the new ways that social media allows them to tell stories. They’ve adapted their skills to mirror what’s going on in the professional journalism world.
“I think we’re adapting very well…in moving away from that print edition. But it’s challenging.” said Jonathan Carter, a student at North Carolina State University. So what should student newspapers do LoMonte said the best solution would be for universities to financially (财经的) support student journalism. University leaders like to talk about producing responsible students, he said, and journalism is a part of that.
In the meantime, campus newspapers are figuring out their financial models as they go along. Bruce dePyssler, adviser to North Carolina Central University’s Campus Echo Newspaper, said his students post one story a day online. The best stories are put together for a once-a-semester print edition.
And even if student journalists don’t go into media jobs, Perel said, “They’ve still had a great education.” “The number one thing that we teach is critical thinking (批判思考) and how to be a lifelong learner, ” she said, “The ones who are living through this transition (过渡) are the ones that are going to be a lot stronger for it in the end.”
4. What do most college newspapers do to face the dark reality
A. Improve printing quality. B. Reduce print editions.
C. Lower advertising fees. D. Increase paper price.
5. What does LoMonte suggest student newspapers do to survive
A. Ask colleges for money. B. Continue with paper versions.
C Publish more digital editions. D. Create their own financial models.
6. Who thinks campus newspapers are trying a new financial model
A. Jonathan Carter. B. LoMonte.
C. Bruce dePyssler. D. Perel.
7. What’s the article mainly about
A. The proud history of the Daily Tar Heel. B. Student newspapers are adapting well.
C. School newspapers are under pressure. D. How to refresh traditional newspapers.
C
According to a study published this week, habitual napping (打盹) appears to be associated with a large brain volume in adults although experts stressed that further research was needed. It reduces the cost caused from the lost time and the fatigue-related errors. The work followed previous studies that suggested a brief doze could improve people’s ability to learn.
Arianna Huffington, a co-founder of Huff Post and the founder and chief executive of Thrive Global, said, “Given the latest science on the effectiveness of napping and the clear link between employees feeling well rested and their productivity, it’s long past time that businesses embrace short naps at work.”
Some businesses, including Thrive Global, have already introduced facilities for employees to take naps. Google introduced sleep pods as far back as 2014 and companies like Nike and Ben & Jerry’s introduced nap rooms. The practice has even been adopted by the NHS, with a growing number of hospitals introducing sleep pods for staff in an effort to help them get more rest. Employees, it seems, are enthusiastic. Sean Greenwood, of Ben & Jerry’s, said, “If a quick nap gets employees more involved and creative, we’re happy to provide that for our team members.”
Unfortunately, the practice of napping still suffers from our collective concept that sleep equals weakness and laziness. However, the performance-enhancing benefits of naps have been no secret to many leaders throughout history. It also gives the higher-ups the chance to acknowledge the 24/7 culture and come up with top-down solutions that encourage workers to take care of themselves in and out of work.
While sleep experts stressed that a daytime doze could be beneficial, they said it was crucial to get enough shut-eye at the end of a day. It is the late stage of sleep, sometimes missed by early risers, that strengthens the nerve circuits that make for learning and memory, allowing the brain to make and consolidate new neutral connections. Additionally, prioritizing sufficient sleep during the regular nightly sleep period is essential for overall well-being.
8. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. Work stress. B. Learning abilities.
C. A research finding. D. The brain volume.
9. What is Arianna Huffington’s attitude toward napping
A. Dismissive. B. Approving.
C. Unclear. D. Critical.
10. Why are so many companies mentioned in the passage
A. To advocate enough rest. B. To praise creative employees.
C To compare the differences. D. To present the current situation.
11. What will possibly be discussed in the paragraph that follows
A. The approaches to shut-eye. B. The importance of napping.
C. The secrets to well-being. D. The benefits of memory.
D
It’s often said that we human beings can dream in a foreign language. Could dreaming in a foreign language improve our memory Does dreaming in a foreign language mean we are making progress in learning that language
Before we look at multilingual (多语言) dreams, first we need to look at sleep. The connection between sleep and language can be applied to how we learn any language, including our native language. Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their first language. But, if we are going to remember that new word better, what matters is that we need to connect it with what we have learned. And in order to do that, we “need to have some sleep”, says Gareth Gaskell, a professor at the University of York.
It’s during sleep that the integration (整合) of old and new knowledge happens. At might, one part of our brain — the hippocampus — takes whatever new information it receives during the day and passes it on to other parts of the brain to be stored. The role that dreams play in this night-time learning process is still being studied, but “it’s entirely possible that during multilingual dreams, the brain is trying to connect the two languages”, says Marc, a researcher at a university in Bern, Switzerland.
So having multilingual dreams could mean that our brain is trying to remember a new word or phrase. However, it could also have an emotional (情感) significance. Danuta, a professor of psycholinguistics at the University of Silesia in Poland, suggests that multilingual dreams can express “fears or wishes” around learning a foreign language, including the wish to be a local speaker or to be accepted within a certain community.
We clearly still have a lot to learn about multilingual dreams, but one thing seems certain: if you’re trying to learn a new language, you can sleep on it.
12. Why does the author mention questions in paragraph 1
A. To compare different ideas. B. To introduce the main topic.
C. To present different types of dreams. D. To discuss the human language ability.
13 What is the key element in memorizing a new word according to the text
A. The other new words. B. The native language.
C. The gained knowledge. D. The speaking practice.
14 What can we learn about multilingual dreams
A. They may influence people’s sleep quality. B. They can reflect language-learning feelings.
C. They are the best option to learn a language. D. They help to clear up the useless information.
15. Where is the text most likely from
A. A novel. B. A diary. C. A guidebook. D. A magazine.
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Survive a Tsunami on the Beach
The word tsunami is from Japanese. It describes a series of waves that can reach over 100 feet tall and travel at speeds up to 600 miles per hour across the sea. A single wave in a tsunami can be quite long, as much as 60 miles, causing great damage.____16____
Your best chance for surviving a tsunami on a beach is to pay attention to the warning signs, stay away from the shore after an earthquake, and get to high land. Then wait for information from disaster response groups.
____17____With your family, discuss how you’ll reach the evacuation area (紧急疏散区) as soon as possible.
The sooner you know a tsunami is coming the better your chance of making it to higher ground.____18____
·Head for high ground, get at least 100 feet above sea level.
·____19____
·Don’t swim against the current.
As you learn how to survive a tsunami, remember the first wave in a series of waves is the smallest and weakest.____20____ If you’re in a boat at the beach, head out into the ocean. You’ll stand a better chance away of survival away from the shoreline.
A. That’s why it’s crucial to know how to survive a Tsunami.
B. Grab something like a tree or something that float, like a raft.
C. The waves following an earthquake may continue for hours or up to a day.
D. That’s why it’s essential to learn the early warning signs to survive a tsunami.
E. If it’s too late, and the water’s already rising, here’s what to do in a tsunami.
F. Your best chance for surviving a tsunami on a beach is to pay attention to the warning signs.
G. Whether you’re visiting or living in a tsunami zone, learn where the closest place is out of the tsunami’s reach.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In modern cities, it is now time as much as space that separates urban functions, as people’s lives are lived not only to different timetables, but also at wildly different rates. The mass timetable of the industrial city, with 9-5 office hours and silent Sundays, has gone. In its ___21___ is flexi-time, part-time working, Sunday shopping and the 24-hour city.
European cities are ___22___ these changes perhaps faster than British cities. In at least half a dozen cities in Italy, ___23___, you will find the Uffici Tempi--the Offices of Time. What they do is try to reorganise time more flexibly in the city, in order to meet new needs. This is particularly relevant for Italian women, an increasing number of whom have to ___24___ two timetables: work and home. Usually located in the Mayor’s office, the Uffici Tempi bring together transport providers, shop-owners, employers, trade unions, the police and other services to see how their efforts might be better ___25___. The main aim in all this is to increase the efficiency and productivity of the city. This can mean delaying the starting tunes in schools, offices and factories to avoid rush hours, or having shops opening later in the day but closing later too. One further ___26___ is that there can be more police about in the evening, patrolling the streets when people most need them.
In a number of German cities, people have been ___27___ whether the timetable of the future city should be 6x6 or 4x9--working hours, that is. Apparently male workers favour a four-day week, while women workers, on the other hand, favour ___28___ shorter working days. This would give employees more time in the afternoon to be with children or to get the shopping.
The ___29___ for public services to adapt to our changing lifestyles has been quite difficult for some of the staff involved. ___30___, who likes working evenings or Sundays Nevertheless, many city centres are now open for shopping seven days a week, and a number of them now promote themselves as ‘24-hour cities’, where those with money can drink, eat, dance and even shop the whole ___31___.
Time is flexible, but buildings aren’t. The ___32___ between the structure of the city and its uses, over time, is a serious architectural and planning problem. ___33___ has become the key skill. We are slowly ___34___ the terms of dormitory suburbs and industrial districts, in favour of mixed- use areas, out-of-town retailing and working from home. There is no doubt that planning theory is being ___35___ by the changing nature of time in the modern city.
21. A. report B. side C. place D. way
22. A. sticking to B. responding to C. objecting to D. turning to
23. A. for example B. on the other hand C. by contrast D. in the meanwhile
24. A. alter B. discuss C. understand D. balance
25. A. spared B. harmonized C. directed D. appreciated
26. A. method B. issue C. benefit D. excuse
27. A. debating B. asking C. doubting D. revealing
28. A. four B. six C. seven D. nine
29. A. need B. ambition C. pity D. reason
30. A. Above all B. On the contrary C. After all D. By all means
31. A. night B. day C. city D. area
32. A. difference B. mismatch C. communication D. relationship
33. A. Regulation B. Availability C. Adaptability D. Observation
34. A. varying B. coming C. accepting D. abandoning
35. A. presented B. proved C. established D. challenged
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Today’s stars are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publishing stories about their personal lives. Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, they, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us ____36____ imagine.
According ____37____ psychologist Christina Villareal, celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing ____38____ the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time,” Villareal says, “they feel separated and alone.”
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities ____39____ (be) around for ages. In the 4th century B. C. , painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, ____40____ (hope) to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites ____41____.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot ____42____ (difficult). Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet ____43____ (spread) the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
____44____ fame is so troublesome, why aren’t all celebrities running away from it The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or ______45______ made them famous in the first place.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 一位叫黎明的中学生给报社编辑写信，反映尽管政府在尽力保护文化遗产，但到目前为止由于许多人都没有认识到保护文化遗产的重要性，文化遗产正在遭到破坏。希望人们认识到文化遗产是全人类的共同财富（common wealth），许多文化遗产一旦遭到破坏就无法修复。希望借助报社号召（call on sb. to do）全社会来珍惜（value）和保护文化遗产。
注意：
1. 书信内容包括上述内容，但不能逐句翻译；
2. 词数：100左右。
Dear Editor,
I am a middle school student I’m writing to tell you of my worry. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your truly,
Li Ming
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was so heartbreaking for Devan Bonagura to see 81-year-old Nola Carpenter sitting in the break room of a supermarket where she works. In the short video he shared, the woman appears tired and stares at the floor as if thinking of something. The video finally went popular, earning over 30 million views and causing a movement that would change Carpenter’s life.
It is widely known that retail (零售) workers are heroes. They put up with long hours and angry customers, among a lot of other things. This work is challenging for young people and able-bodied people, so it can really be more difficult to the old. That’s why Bonagura posted the video.
He posted the short video of her with the message “Life shouldn’t be this hard. . . ”and the caption(字幕)“I feel bad”. At last, his followers asked him to find a way to support this woman, and it inspired him to open a GoFundMe campaign titled“Let’s help Carpenter retire (退休)”. The idea was to support Carpenter so that she could retire early.
Although the goal was just $10, 000, 24 hours later over $100, 000 had been collected. Two days later, Bonagura met up with Carpenter and told her how he had posted a video of her and how people had come together to help her. “They see that you’re a very hard worker,” the social media platform told the woman. “We are all super proud of you, and we want to offer you the $110, 000 that has been raised for you.” “T’d accept it, but I’d still have to work until I get the other $60, 000 to pay off the house,” she explained. “The house is what’s holding me at work. ”She then talked about her daily life and how she struggled to help those in need.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Knowing why Carpenter worked so hard at this age, every one was moved
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reaching her goal, Carpenter won’t retire until the New Year.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
