【寒假学案】2024年人教版初二英语寒假教材b第十四讲 写作技巧 专题训练-(含答案)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第十四讲 写作技巧+专题训练
一、写作步骤
1．审题
2．选材
3．列提纲
4．写作
5．复查
二、分步讲解
第一步 审题
审题主题是关键。写文章都不能离开主题。如果审不清主题，就有可能出现“下笔千言，离题万里”的情况。
在审清主题的基础上，还需注意要审清文体。
审题不准, 丢要点, 失分惨重。
例1: A special gift I’m looking forward to
强调这份“礼物”是“我所期待的”， 而非我已拥有的一份礼物。
如果匆忙动笔就容易将文章写成 “My favorite gift”.
例2: I want to do something for my school
I—— the first person——person
want to —— the simple future tense —— Tense
Something —— one thing —— Key words
For my school —— purpose
例3：学校的 “English center” 是同学们练习英语的场所。这里的 “teenager hotline” 每天都能收不到不少同学的咨询电话。作为热线的一名志愿者，请你根据当时的记录，首先描述两位同学遇到的问题，然后给一位同学提出具体建议并说明原因。
主要内容：问题、建议、原因
限制：描述两位同学的问题，给一位同学提建议
关键词：problem、suggestion、reason
注意“四定”
1.定内容。
2.定时态。
记叙文、日记常用一般过去时；
说明文、通知、布告、介绍等用一般现在时；
计划等用一般将来时。
3.定人称。
用第一人称亲近自然；用第三人称客观真实。
4.定句型、定词语。
应依据内容,先定句型后定词语。
第二步 列提纲
写文章之前列提纲可以使杂乱无章的材料变得井然有序；列提纲可以使同学们的作文紧扣主题不跑题。列提纲时不必过于详细，可以根据题目要求，考虑你的文章分几段，或者分几个层次，每段的大意是什么,计划好文章的整体结构。
第三步 写全文
写作时尽量做到一鼓作气，一气呵成。
写作时要注意语法正确、用词得当、语言地道。
书写时要多套用句型，多用短句。
考点一 应用文
应用文包括启事、通知、书信、e-mail等形式。下面举例说明其写作思路和方法。
例 假设你在一家报社工作，你的名字叫David， 请你写60-80个单词来帮助这位苦恼的爸爸。下面是这位苦恼爸爸给你的一封信。
Dear David,
My son is a middle school student. He gets home at about six o’clock and starts talking to his friend on the phone. If I don’t stop him, he will talk for three or four hours. His mum and I can’t use the phone. If I don’t let him do that, he will be angry. We’re angry too. Everyone is unhappy. What can we do with him
Mad Dad
解析
(1)审题：本题要求写一封回信
(2)定格式：
Dear ×××,（称呼）
Thank you for your letter...（正文）..............................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Best wishes! （结束语）
Yours truly,
×××(写信人姓名)
(3)定要点：回信所提出的建议要正对来信中的问题，这样才能行之有效。同儿子交谈，讲明道理；同儿子朋友的父母讨论此事；如有必要，为儿子单装一部电话，由他本人付费。
(4)定人称：第一、二、三人称
(5)定时态：一般现在时，一般将来时
【参考范文】
Dear Mad Dad,
Thank you for your letter. I think you need to talk with your son about his place in the family. You can make rules for him. If your son agrees, he’ll probably follow them. He may know it’s very important to save time. Because he’s a student, study must come first.
You may discuss that with his friend’s parent.
I also think you can get your son his own telephone and make him pay for it himself.
Best wishes!
Yours truly,
David
考点二 图表式作文
图表式作文是近几年的一种常见题型。一般说来，图表式作文都会给写作者提供一个清楚的图表材料，这个图表中包括所有的要点和提示。要求学生能抓住要点信息，理清要求和大意，用自己熟悉的语音，按一定的主题和体裁进行写作。通常此类作文不涉及故事情节，一般给出一些说明性材料，要求介绍某个人（材料会给出主人公的一些基本情况），或是写一篇发言稿介绍自己等。因为是图表式材料，一般调理清晰，一目了然，主题分类明确，因此依据表格中要点的顺序写作和分段，会使人感觉详略得当，重点突出。图表式作文多为介绍说明性质，故基本时态多为一般现在时。一般情况下，题目会给出提示句（通常为短文开头语和结束语）。
考点三 话题作文
此类题型是通过给出一个确定的主题及简单的要求，学生根据对主题及要求的理解，确定体裁和内容，自由发挥，只要抓住主题所题所体现的中心思想，不出现拼写、语法错误，语言流畅，有文采
常用连接词
类别1 表示“时序”的词或词组
first of all/at last首先 above all首要的是；尤其 then于是；然后
at the same time同时 after a while过了一会儿 later稍后；随后
since then从那以后 until now直到现在 suddenly突然
finally/in the end/at last最后；终于 soon不久，很快
类别2 表示“并列”的词或词组
as well as…也；又；和；及 neither… nor…既不……也不……
not only…but also…不但……而且……
both…and………和…… either…or…或者……或者……；要么……要么……
类别3 表示“递进”的词或词组
also也；同样；而且 (and) what’s more而且；此外 besides此外；除此之外
类别4 表示“转折”的词或词组
however然而；可是 still依然；仍然 after all毕竟
类别5 表示“因果”的词或词组
because/as因为 since因为；既然 because of因为；由于 so因此；
so…that…如此……以至于…… such… that…如此……以至于……
类别6 表示“先后次序”的词或词组
first第一 second第二 then然后 next其次；然后 finally最后
类别7 其他常用词语
if如果；即使 unless如果不；除非 as long as只要 even if即使
in fact事实上；实际上 immediately立刻 once一旦
actually事实上 although/though虽然；尽管 especially尤其(是)；特别(是)
luckily幸运的是 in order that…为了…… in order to…为了……
As the saying goes: 俗话说：
类别8 常用的结尾词组
As a result结果 In my opinion/I think…依我看；我认为；据我的观点
I hope…我希望…… It’s well-known that…众所周知……
In a/one word总之；简言之 As far as I know…据我所知……
To sum up总而言之 in short简言之；简单扼要的 Generally speaking大体而言
In a word 总之 in one’s opinion 依某人来看 what’s worse 更糟糕的是
【写作任务一】
邀请函的写作
在日常生活中我们通常会用口头或者电话方式邀请别人做客，但是如果遇到比较正式的场合，例如商业聚会、正式晚餐或婚礼等场合，就需要我们发送正式的书面邀请函了。
无论您要举行什么样的正式聚会，在书写邀请函时应注意包含以下几点：
1. Names of party hosts or sponsoring organization 聚会主人或主办单位
2. Type of event (birthday party, wedding party, etc.) 聚会活动
3. Place 地点
4. Date 日期
5. Time 时间
6. RSVP date and phone number 回复日期及联系电话
7. Any special dress requirements 聚会着装要求
假如你是张文，八年级四班的班长。你们班排练了一部英文课本剧（an English textbook play），准备本周六下午4:00在学校礼堂（the school hall）演出。请你用英语给学校的外籍教师Terry写一封80字左右的E-mail，邀请他来观看演出，并在演出结束时发言。
注意：1. 可增加细节，使文章连贯完整；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Terry,
Hi, I’m Zhang Wen, monitor of Class 4, Grade 8.
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We are all looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Zhang Wen
【参考范文】
Dear Terry,
Hi, I’m Zhang Wen, monitor of Class 4, Grade 8. I’m writing to ask if you will be free on Saturday. Our class have made an English textbook play. We are going to put it on at the school hall on Saturday. Time is 4:00 p.m. The play is about a famous English story. I’m sure you will enjoy it. We hope you can come, and we do hope you can give a speech at the end of the performance. We’d like you to give us some tips about English learning. If you can come, please let me know.
We are all looking forward to your coming.
【写作任务二】
假如你是王丽，你的英国笔友Eliza 发来电子邮件询问你最喜欢的中国传统节日。请你给她回复邮件介绍你最喜欢的中国传统节日——端午节的情况。
参考词汇：阴历的 lunar
【思路点拨】
定基调
体裁：应用文(电子邮件)；电子邮件的主体部分为说明文
时态：介绍节日用一般现在时
人称：第三人称
谋布局、写句子
3. 巧衔接
在本文中，第一次提到“端午节”时用全称the Dragon Boat Festival，再次提到时可以用it 代替；再如第一次提到“人们”时用people，再次提到时可用they 来代替。这种用代词指称前面的人或事物的方法，也是使文章保持连贯的一种衔接手段。
4. 成篇章
Dear Eliza,
I was so glad to get your e-mail. My favorite traditional Chinese festival is the Dragon Boat Festival.
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Yours truly,
Wang Li
化“平凡”为“非凡”Everybody tries their best to win the race.
→ All the teammates pull together to achieve success.　　　　
2. 谋布局、写句子
(1) It is / falls / is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year
(2) On this day people usually eat zongzi and hold dragon boat races
(3) have such great team spirit
4. 成篇章
Dear Eliza,
I was so glad to get your e-mail. My favorite traditional Chinese festival is the Dragon Boat Festival. It is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. It falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year. It’s a day to remember Qu Yuan, a great poet.
On this day people usually eat zongzi and hold dragon boat races. They also drink realgar wine, hang Chinese mugwort around the doors and wear a spice bag with them.
What makes the festival special for me is the dragon boat race. The members of the dragon boat team have such great team spirit — everybody tries their best to win the race.
Yours truly,
Wang Li
【写作任务三】
假如你叫张婷，今年暑假准备去英国的某所语言学校进行为期两周的游学，去之前你想了解一些相关信息。请你给这所学校的负责人写一封信，礼貌地询问你想知道的一些信息。
【思路点拨】
1. 定基调
体裁：应用文(书信)
时态：叙述自己的情况时用一般现在时，叙述将来发生的情况时用一般将来时
人称：第一人称
谋布局、写句子
3. 巧衔接
在本文中，要想使询问的四条信息连贯，可以使用表示列举的连接手段如first, then, next, last / finally。这种运用连接性状语连句成篇的方法，也是使文章保持连贯的一种衔接手段。
4. 成篇章
Dear Sir / Madam,
My name is Zhang Ting and I’m from Beijing, China.
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Yours,
Zhang Ting
化“平凡”为“非凡”
I’ like to know where to eat and live.
→ I’d like to know where I will eat and whether I will stay in the dorm (学生宿舍) or with a host family.　　　　
2. 谋布局、写句子
Now I’m writing to ask for some information.
I wonder about the whole plan for this study vacation.
Could you please tell me what courses I’ll take.
I wonder what activities I can do.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
4. 成篇章
Dear Sir / Madam,
My name is Zhang Ting and I’m from Beijing, China. I’ll be coming to your school for a two-week study vacation this summer. Now I’m writing to ask for some information about this study vacation.
First, I wonder about the whole plan for this study vacation. Then, could you please tell me what courses I’ll take and how long each course will last Next, I’d like to know where to eat and live. Last, I wonder what activities I can do to learn more about your culture.
I would like to thank you for your help. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Zhang Ting
【写作任务四】
最近某中学生英文报的Movies专栏正在征稿，主题为“你最喜欢的一部电影”，请你写一篇短文给该专栏投稿。
【思路点拨】
1.定基调
体裁：说明文
时态：一般现在时
人称：以第三人称为主
2.谋布局、写句子
3.巧衔接
(1) 在本文中，第一次提到“我最喜欢的电影”时用名词短语my favorite movie，再次提到时用it代替。这种用代词指称前面事物的方法，也是使文章保持连贯的一种衔接手段。
(2) 通过词汇的重复(excited, exciting)，能达到突出主题的目的，也可以起到篇章纽带的作用。
(3) 本文中的 was directed by ..., is set in ..., tells the story of ... 等表达都与描述电影有关，这是通过语义搭配使文章连贯的一种衔接手段。
4. 成篇章
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5. 化“平凡”为“非凡”
The movie was directed by Jon Watts. He is a famous American director. → The movie was directed by Jon Watts who is a famous American director.
2. 谋布局、写句子
(1) The movie is set in Europe.
(2) The movie tells the story of how Spider-Man Peter Parker saves the earth.
(3) Peter puts on his Spider-Man suit.
(4) Every time I watch the movie, I feel very excited(5) it is the most exciting movie that I have ever watched.
4. 成篇章
Spider-Man: Far From Home is my favorite movie. It was directed by Jon Watts. He is a famous American director. It is set in Europe and tells the story of how Spider-Man Peter Parker saves the earth. When Peter enjoys his life as a teenager on a European vacation with his friends, threats to the earth appear. Peter puts on his Spider-Man suit and uncovers the mystery of several elemental creature attacks. Every time I watch the movie, I feel very excited. It shows us Peter’s courage to fight against threats to the earth. I think you should watch it too because it is the most exciting movie that I have ever watched.
【写作任务五】
假如明天英语课上的duty report该你发言了，请你以“An unforgettable experience”为题写一篇英语短文为发言做准备，给大家讲述你的一次难忘的经历。
【思路点拨】
1. 定基调
体裁：记叙文
时态：一般过去时
人称：第一人称和第三人称
2. 谋布局、写句子
3. 巧衔接
在记叙一次难忘的经历时，同学们可以使用表示时间的词语at about 9:00 a.m., then和about 20 minutes later来连接上下文，这样文章的脉络会更清晰。
4. 成篇章
An unforgettable experience
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5. 化“平凡”为“非凡”
... I was taking a walk in the park near my home. Suddenly I saw a backpack lying on a bench.
→ ... I was taking a walk in the park near my home when I found there was a backpack on a bench.
【答案】
2.谋布局、写句子
(1) I picked it up and opened it.
(2) He was very glad / happy / pleased that I had found his backpack.
(3) I gave the backpack back to him and he thanked me again and again.
(4) Helping others makes me happy and proud.
4.成篇章
An unforgettable experience
Everyone has their own unforgettable experiences. So do I.
At about 9:00 a.m. last Saturday, I was taking a walk in the park near my home. Suddenly I saw a backpack lying on a bench. I picked it up and opened it. I found some cash, an ID card and a notebook with the owner’s name Wang Gang and his mobile phone number on it. Then I called the owner right away. He was very glad that I had found his backpack and asked me to wait for him for a while. About 20 minutes later, he arrived. I gave the backpack back to him and he thanked me again and again.
Helping others makes me happy and proud. I think everyone should help others.
写作训练
1书面表达
根据提示写ー封60-80字的信。Tom邀请Li Ping参加他这周日的生日宴会，但Li Ping的父母出差要到下个月回来，奶奶又卧病在床，需要人照顾。再说英语考试即将来临，因此，无法前去参加生日宴会。 L1 Ping感到很抱歉，只好写信辞谢。
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2.书面表达
在一次主题班会上,每个人畅谈自己的理想。请以“ If I Become....., I'll Be Happy”为题,写一篇不少于70词的英语短文,谈谈自己心中的理想职业。
思路点拨:
1.人称:第一人称。
2.时态:一般将来时。
3.文章结构:开头要点明观点,即要成为一名教师,接下来具体写要做什么事,最后重申观点及表态。整篇文章需要运用到本单元所学的重点句型,即“If I...,I will/won't....’’.
写作模板:
提出观点:For me, becoming a teacher is a dream job...
如何实现:I will work in a school in a poor mountain village.
I'll help open my students' eyes... I’ll teach them how to study...
希望: I hope all my students will love me...
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话题作文
周末，同学们准备开一次聚会，在聚会上，大家想自己动手制作一些喜欢吃的东西，许多同学爱吃牛肉三明治，你会做吗？
请你根据下面所给的材料，写出制作牛肉三明治的过程。
所需材料：two pieces of bread,a piece of beef,a spoon of cheese,a green pepper(辣椒),an onion,three pieces of lettuce,two spoons of salad cream ( https: / / fanyi. / src=onebox" \l "salad cream" \t "https: / / www. / _blank )(沙拉酱)
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4.书面表达
未来的人工智能将如何走进我们的生活 未来机器人将会在哪些方面帮助我们呢 假如这是本周英语口语课要讨论的话题,请展开合理想象,写一篇短文为此次发言做准备。
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5.书面表达
每个人都有自己的梦想，请以“My Dream”为题写一篇短文，文中需要阐述你的梦想，原因以及今后打算如何实现它。
要求：（1）80词左右；
（2）必须包括所有要点，可适当增加细节。
（3）文中不得出现你的真实姓名、学校名和地名。
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6.书面表达
你对你的好朋友 Allan， Helen和 Alice最喜欢的电视节目作了一次调查，以下是你的调查结果。请按照表格内所给信息，参考以下有用句式，写一篇不少于80词的文章。
Name Favorite TV shows Reasons
Allan 脱口秀 学习知识，了解世界
Helen 体育运动 喜欢运动
Alice 肥皂剧 浪漫，有趣
I 英语节目 想学好英语，提高口语
1.我和我的好朋友上周就电视节目进行了讨论
I with my friends about TV shows last week.
2.结果如下.
the results
3.Alan喜欢最脱口秀。
Allan likes talk shows
4. Allan期望从脱口秀中学到很多知识，了解世界。
Allan learn a lot from talk shows and know more about the world.
5. Helen最喜欢的节目是体育运动。
Helen's favorite shows are .
6. Helen很喜欢运动，并且希望将来能成为一名体育记者。
Helen likes doing sports and a sports reporter in the future.
7. Alice是肥皂剧的大粉丝她认为肥皂剧浪漫又有趣。
Alice is a of soap opera, and she thinks they are funny and romantic.
8.对于我而言，我喜欢看英语节目
I love watching English shows.
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7.书面表达
昨天在你回家的路上，遇到一个两年未见面的小学同学XX（不用真实姓名）。你发现他/她与两年前
有很大变化。请你描述一下他/她的变化。
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8.书面表达
假如你是校报记者,你采访了Lisa。下面是你的采访记录,请根据这些信息介绍一下她的生活习惯。
700词左右。
Acticitties How often
do homework 1. 5 hour
watch TV hardly ever
use the Intemet once a week
read English every day
exercise every week
go to the park twice or three times a month
思路点拨
1.本单元的写作话题是描述他人的日常生活,时态多用一般现在时,人称应用第三人称。
2.正确使用表示频率的副词或短语。
【写作模板】
引出话题：Lisa one of my good friends. She has some good habits.
介绍生活习惯:
She does...hardly ever watches TV.....uses the Internet.... reads English....exercise...goes to the park....
总结评价:
There good habits help her get good grades have a strong body.
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9.作文。
5月1日,你们班组织了一次郊游。请根据表格提示,发挥想象,写一篇英语日记,记述这次假期旅行。
Date：Thursday, May 1st
Place：beach
Activities：swim, play beach volleyball, eat seafood
Weather：fine
People：friendly
Feeling：great
要求:1.要点齐全,可适当发挥
2.70词左右。
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参考答案
1.【优秀范文】
Dear Tom，
Thank you very much for inviting me to your birthday party. I’d love to go. but I can’t. My parents are out on business They are coming back next month And now I have to take care of my grandma, because she is ill in bed. And I also need to study for my coming English exam. I’m very sorry,but I can't go to your party. Thank you for asking me. I hope you can have a good time.
Yours,
Li Ping
2.【优秀范文】
If I Become a teacher ,I'll Be Happy.
For me, becoming a teacher is a dream job, because I love children. If I become a teacher, I' ll be happy. I willwork in a school in a poor mountain village. I'll help open my students' eyes to the outside world and give them a goodstart in life. I'l teach them how to study and how to be
have in society. I hope all my students will love me and if they want to be teachers too, I will be happier.
3.【范文】
Do you know how to make a beef sandwich Now, let me tell you.
First,put a spoon of cheese on a piece of bread.Then cut up a green pepper and an onion.And add them to the bread.Next,put three pieces of lettuce and a piece of beef on the bread.Then put two spoons of salad cream on the beef. Finally,put the other piece of bread on the top.
Now you can enjoy it.It's very delicious.
4.【优秀范文】
Hello, everyone! I think robots will help us a lot, we can’t go to school for some reason, we’ll stay at home and the teachers will put the teaching information into a computer. Then robots will get the information from the computer and work as our personal teachers. If our parents are busy, robots will help do lots of housework; robots will even be able to look after little babies. Also, robots will know our feelings. For example, when we are sad, maybe they will play beautiful songs to make us happy.
All in all, robots will play an important part in our life.
5.【范文】
My Dream
Everyone has his own dream. Maybe some people want to be doctors. Some hope to be scientists. My dream is to become a teacher.
Teachers can not only teach us many things at school, but also they try their best to teach us how to learn. They are great in my eyes.
I hope I’ll be a teacher in the future.I know it is not easy to make my dream come true. I am going to study harder at school. I’ll try my best.I am sure my dream will come true.
6. 【优秀范文】
I had a discussion with my friends about TV shows last week, and here are the results.
Allan likes talk shows best because he expects to learn a lot from them and know more about the world. Helen’s favorite shows are sports shows. That’s because she likes doing sports very much and hopes to be a sports reporter one day. Alice is such a big fan of soap operas that she watches them almost every day. In her mind, they are funny and romantic.
As for me, I don’t mind watching talk shows, sports shows or soap operas, but I love English shows best. By watching them, I can learn English better and improve my oral English.
7.例文：
Yesterday on my way home I met a classmate of mine. We were in a primary school two years ago. Her name is Zhou Yan. I found she was much taller than before. She told me that she liked playing tennis. She was on the school team and she was very popular in her school. So she looked more athletic than before. Then she told me that she studied well in her class. All her classmates and teachers said she was very intellectual. We talked for a long time/ We talked a lot. She told me a lot of funny stories of her. I thought she was more outgoing and polite than before. At last we decided that we would play tennis together next Sunday.
8.【范文展示】
Lisa one of my good friends.She has some good habits.
She does her homework 1.5 hours a day.so she hardly watches TV.She uses the Internet once a week.She likes reading and reads English every day.She exercises every day,so she is very healthy.She goes to the park twice or three times a day.
These good habits help her get good grades and have a strong body.
9.【范文展示】
Thursday, May 1st
The weather was fine today. I went to the beach for a trip with my classmates. There were many people there on vacation They were friendly to each other. At first, we swam happily in the sea. Then we played beach volleyball. When we were tired, we lay on the beach and relaxed. At noon, we felt a little hungry, so we went to have some seafood, It was very delicious.
All of us had a great time!
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