UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
背景介绍
在2019年上映的电影《流浪地球》的票房和口碑俱佳，大受欢迎。这是首都国产硬科幻电影，堪称中国硬科幻电影的里程碑。《流浪地球》汇聚了时代热点话题，是中国梦的隐喻性、转喻性表达，特别是电影体现的那种把地球推离太阳系、带着地球流浪、堪比“女娲补天”“精卫填海”的民族精神，以及某种隐约可见的家庭伦理叙事构架，都是具有中国特色的。该部电影深刻影响了中国电影生产的格局，引发了“中国硬科幻电影元年”的说法，在中国电影类型建设上具有里程碑式的意义。
The sun is going to expand into the orbit of Mercury(水星) according to scientific calculations, which will result in the entire Earth catching fire, killing all life on the planet. In order to survive, the United Earth Government installs about 10,000 giant engines on the Earth to power it away from its initial orbit and flee to Alpha Centauri.The whole trip is expected to last 2,500 years, during which time humankind will go through about 100 generations. Yet, as the Earth approaches Jupiter, the gas giant's huge gravitational force captures the planet and threatens to tear the Earth apart within days. Who will save the world
This imaginative tale is at the heart of the science-fiction movie The Wandering Earth.The original novel was written by Liu Cixin, one of China's most remarkable science-fiction writers and a winner of the 2015 Hugo Award for his novel The Three-Body Problem. Unlike many American space-themed films where the solution to a disaster the Earth faces is always fleeing the planet, people in the film are taking the Earth with them. The film, which is the country's most successful science-fiction film of all time, has offered a different and more ambitious idea.The “ambition” doesn't come from nowhere. For thousands of years, the “homeland” has taken roots in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. One old idiom that shows a strong feeling that Chinese people have had for their homeland is “luoyeguigen”， which means returning to one's homeland at an old age, like fallen leaves returning to the roots of their tree.
More importantly，The Wandering Earth is the first “made-in-China” science-fiction movie on the big screen, as the original novel was written by a Chinese author and the director, Guo Fan, is also Chinese. That's just the point. It means domestic movie production teams have matured enough to develop new ideas on the creative basis of science-fiction writers, while the writers are willing to work together with movie productions so that the film results in the best possible performance. Liu may be a highly regarded science-fiction writer in China, but he is not the only one. There are many more writers with rich imaginations, and their works can be adapted for movies as well.
1．What's the main purpose of the opening paragraph D
A．To give a brief account of the film.
B．To warn people of the coming threat.
C．To explore ways to avoid the disaster.
D．To introduce the topic of the passage.
解析：推理判断题。由第一段的内容并结合第二段的首句“This imaginative tale is at the heart of the science-fiction movie The Wandering Earth.” 可知，第一段简单介绍了《流浪地球》的内容，目的是引出本文的话题。故选D。
2．What attitude does the author have towards the domestic science-fiction film C
A．Unconcerned. B．Doubtful.
C．Positive. D．Critical.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“It means domestic movie production teams have matured enough to develop new ideas...the film results in the best possible performance.”可知，国内电影制作团队已经足够成熟，在科幻作家的创作基础上不断创新，由此可知，作者对国内科幻电影的发展持积极态度。故选C。
词海拾贝
①survive v．生存，存活；幸存，幸免于难
②initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
③mature adj.明白事理的；成熟的；像成人似的 v．使(技能或素质)成熟，充分发展；成熟，长成
美句欣赏
One old idiom that shows a strong feeling that Chinese people have had for their homeland is “luoyeguigen”， which means returning to one's homeland at an old age, like fallen leaves returning to the roots of their tree.(Para.2)
译文：“落叶归根”这个古老的成语表达了中国人对家乡的强烈感情，它的意思是一个人年老时回到家乡，就像飘落的树叶在树木根部一样。
1．SATISFACTION GUARANTEED《包你满意》
《包你满意》是科幻作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫(lsaac Asimov)的短篇科幻小说，首次刊载美国科幻杂志《惊人的故事》1951年4月期。
艾萨克·阿西莫夫(1920—1992)，20世纪世界著名的科幻小说家之一。他是俄裔美国人，一生著述多达四五百种。使他声名远扬的是他的科幻小说，特别是《基地》系列和《机器人》系列。
2．THE TIME MACHINE《时间机器》
《时间机器》是英国作家赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯(Herbert George Wells)创作的中篇小说，首次出版于1895年。该书讲述时间旅行者发明了一种机器，能够任意驰骋于过去和未来。小说被多次改编成电影和电视剧，并衍生出许多漫画作品。《时间机器》也启发了一大批同类题材的科幻作品。
威尔斯(1866—1946)，英国作家，一生创作了许多部作品。其中，科幻小说《莫洛博士岛》《隐身人》《星际战争》等影响较大。
3．《三体》(The Three-Body Problem)是刘慈欣(Liu Cixin)创作的系列长篇科幻小说，由《三体》《三体Ⅱ·黑暗森林》《三体Ⅲ·死神永生》组成，第一部于2006年5月起在《科幻世界》杂志上连载，第二部于2008年5月首次出版，第三部则于2010年11月出版。
作品讲述了地球人类文明和三体文明的信息交流、生死搏杀及两个文明在宇宙中的兴衰历程。第一部经过刘宇昆(Ken Liu)翻译后获得了第73届雨果奖最佳长篇小说奖(Hugo Award for Best Novel)。
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
A)单词拼写
1. bonus n．意外收获；奖金；红利
2. integrity n．诚实正直；完整；完好
3. dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严
4. salary n．薪水；薪金
5. absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
6. nail n．指甲；钉子
7. saleswoman n．女售货员；女推销员
8. ladder n．梯子；阶梯
9. whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管
B) 词形转换
1. fiction n．小说；虚构的事→ fictitious adj.虚构的，编造的； 假定的，虚设的； 小说式的； 假装的
2. ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的→ ridiculously adv.可笑地，荒谬地
3. appoint vt.任命，委派；约定，指定；装设，布置→ appointed adj.指定的，约定的→ appointment n．预约；约会；委任
4. guilt n.[法律]有罪，犯罪行为， 轻罪，过失； 内疚，悔恨； 自责→ guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
5. suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→ suspended adj.暂停的，缓期的(宣判)，悬浮的→ suspender n．吊裤带； 悬挂物； 吊杆； 吊袜带
6. dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除→ dismissal n．解雇，免职； 撤退； 解雇通知；[法律]驳回，拒绝受理
7. declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→ declaration n．宣言，布告，公告，声明
8. presume vt.& vi.假定；假设→ presumption n．推测，设想； 放肆，傲慢； [法律]推定
Ⅱ.高频短语
1. test out 检验；测试
2. more like 更像是；更接近
3. on a...basis 根据；以……的方式
4．or rather 更确切地说
5．turn around 转向；回转
6. after all 毕竟；终究
7. fall off 从……掉下来
8. in time 及时；迟早
9. hold sb.in one's arms 抱着某人
10. more than 不仅仅；不止
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks...
克莱尔不想让机器人出现在家里，尤其是当她丈夫要出差三个星期的时候。
2．He seemed more like a human than a machine.
他看上去更像是一个人，而不像一台机器。
3．Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔认为她被机器人给予同情是荒谬的，但她逐渐钦佩他的智慧和正直，并开始信任他。
4．As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant .
为了帮她这个忙，托尼答应帮助克莱尔把她打扮得更漂亮，把她家布置得更雅致。
5．As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern .
她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
Ⅳ.课文解读
Step 1 Fast-reading
1．The passage mainly tells us C .
A．the robot could do everything that man can
B．that a robot can take the place of a human being
C．an experiment where a household robot was tested out
D．why a robot fell in love with a human being
2．Read the passage and match the main idea with each paragraph. CDAEBIHFG
Para.1 A．Tony made Claire feel embarrassed.
Para.2 B．Tony promised to help Claire.
Para.3 C．A household robot would be tested out by Claire.
Para.4 D．Claire first saw the robot.
Para.5 E．Claire began to trust Tony.
Para.6 F．Tony caught Claire when she fell off a ladder.
Para.7 G．Tony told Claire he didn't want to leave her.
Para.8 H．Tony planned to help Claire to attract Gladys and her friends.
Para.9 I．Tony helped Claire improve herself and her house.
Step 2 Careful reading
(Ⅰ)Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)．
1．Claire was asked to test out the household robot by the company.( F )
2．Larry would be away on business for three months.( T )
3．She felt embarrassed when Tony asked her whether she needed help dressing. ( T )
4．Claffern was one of the richest and most powerful women around.( T )
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answer.
1．What does Larry Belmont think of testing out the robot in his house A
A．It is an extra benefit.
B．It is his responsibility.
C．It helps improve his house.
D．It can make Claire happy.
2．Why did Claire feel alarmed when she saw the robot D
A．Because the robot was in fact not a machine.
B．Because she didn't like him.
C．Because she had seen the robot before.
D．Because the robot was more like a human than a machine.
3．Tony did the following things to help Claire realize her dream EXCEPT D .
A．making her home elegant
B．giving her a new hairstyle and changing the makeup she wore
C．giving her advice on her dresses
D．going into a jewellery shop to buy her a necklace
4．Which of the following is NOT Tony's characteristic A
A．Clumsy. B．Handsome.
C．Helpful. D．Smart.
重 点 单 词
1.appointment n．预约；约会；委任
D典型例句
At the time, his appointment seemed a stroke of genius.
当时，对他的任命犹如神来之笔。
She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon at 4∶15.
她在星期五下午4点15分安排了一次会面。
S思维拓展
have/make an appointment to do sth.约好去做某事
appoint v．任命；委派；指定；约定
appoint to do sth.约定好做某事
appoint sb.(to be/as) sth.任命某人某职务
appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事
Q巧学助记
appointment常指聚会、谈生意等事先安排的约定；date常指恋人之间的约会。
J即学即练
完成句子
①She has an appointment with her accountant.
她和她的会计约好了见面。
②He secured the appointment of professor of English literature in the university.
他获聘为该大学的英国文学教授。
单句语法填空
③Patients can make an appointment after registering through the hospital app or mini-programs on WeChat.
④(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Sara makes the phone call to cancel an appointment (appoint)．
⑤I am very sorry.I will not be able to keep my appointment with you on Thursday.
⑥Our visitors arrived at the appointed (appoint) time.
2.guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
D典型例句
Four men were found guilty of breach of the peace.
四名男子被判扰乱治安罪。
When we feel anger, we bury the emotion and feel guilty instead.
当我们感到愤怒时，压抑这种情绪反而会觉得内疚。
S思维拓展
feel guilty about (doing) sth.对(做)某事感到内疚/惭愧
guilty of sth.犯了罪；有过失的；有罪责的
guilt n．[法律]有罪，犯罪行为， 轻罪，过失；内疚，悔恨；自责
guiltily adv.内疚地；有罪地
I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.
我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
He pleaded guilty to murder.
他承认犯有谋杀罪。
Q巧学助记
形容词后缀-y表示“具有……性质的”
salty adj.咸的
handy adj.有用的；手边的
sleepy adj.困倦的；想睡的
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①He buried his face in his hands guiltily (guilt)．
②The man was found guilty of armed robbery, and condemned to eight years' imprisonment.
③She feels guilty about spending less time lately with her two kids.
3.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
D典型例句
I dismissed the carriage and walked the last mile.
我把马车打发走了，徒步走完最后一英里路。
At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed.
12点下课了。
S思维拓展
dismiss sb. from...让某人从……离开；解雇某人
dismiss sb. for sth.因某事解雇某人
dismiss fears/doubts from one's mind消除某人心中的恐惧/疑虑
Q巧学助记
dismiss和fire同义，dismiss/fire sb. for sth.都可表示“因……解雇某人”。
J即学即练
写出下列各句中dismiss的含义
①Though he had stolen from his employers, they did not dismiss him, out of consideration for his family. 解雇
②Dorothy was ready to dismiss the idea of making too large a hole in Mother's cheque. 摒除
③At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed. 解散
④Most ordinary doctors, however, dismiss this as complete nonsense. 不予考虑
单句语法填空
⑤The suggestion should not be dismissed (dismiss)out of hand.
⑥ Dismissing (dismiss)her fears, she climbed higher.
翻译句子
⑦委员会已决定辞退他。
The committee has decided to dismiss him.
4.declare vt.宣布；宣称；声明；表明
D典型例句
The United States declared its independence from Britain in 1776.
美国于1776年正式宣布脱离英国而独立。
It is declared that there will be no school this afternoon.
已经宣布今天下午不上课。
S思维拓展
declare that...宣布/宣称
declare for/against...声明赞成/反对……
declare war on...向……宣战
declare sb./sth.＋adj.宣布某人/某物……
declare sb./sth.(to be)...宣布某人/某物为……
It is declared that...据宣布……
declarer n．宣告者
declaration n．宣布，宣言，宣告；申报，声明(书)
Q巧学助记
The headmaster declared the sports meeting began.
校长宣布运动会开始。
Y易混辨析
declare与announce
declare 多指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，多指在公开场合对某事发表态度
announce 多指对公众或特定人群发布他们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤其是新闻之类的消息
Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.
当他宣布竞赛的获胜者时，大家都静静地听着。
The chairman declared the meeting closed.
主席宣布会议结束。
J即学即练
选词填空(declare/announce)
①(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)It was announced that my train would arrive in 10 minutes.
②On July 13,2001，Mr. Samaranch declared Beijing would host the 2008 Olympics.
单句语法填空
③The moment the military operation was declared (declare)open on August 1, 2017, the whole country cheered.
④We must declare war on/against any form of invasion, regardless of what a high price we will pay for the cruel battles to come.
⑤August 8 was declared to be (be)National Fitness Day, when various events were held to encourage people to take more physical exercise.
重 点 短 语
1.test out 试验；考验；检验；测试
D典型例句
The new product had been tested out before it was put into market.
这种新产品经过试验后才进入市场。
Have you tested out this new theory
你测试过这个新理论了吗？
S思维拓展
test out对……进行彻底检验
test on检验，测验
test with用……检验
test for为鉴定……而测试；勘探
put sb./sth. to a/the test使……经受考验(检验)
take a test in/for...参加……考试/测试
Q巧学助记
The scientist tests out the theory by experiment.
科学家通过实验来检验理论。
J即学即练
完成句子
①This round-the-world voyage will really put his sailing experience to the test .
这次环球航行将对他的航海经验进行一次考验。
②The teacher will test the class on spelling today.
今天，老师要对这个班进行一次拼写测试。
③I can't wait to test out that new mattress.
我已经等不及试试那个新床垫了。
④Tens of thousands of people take a test for government officers every year.
每年成千上万的人参加公务员考试。
2.more like更像是；更接近
D典型例句
He's more like a film star than a lifeguard, really.
真的，与其说他像救生员，不如说他更像电影明星。
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time— but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days.
迈克·柯廷一直在看我写的芝麻菜故事，但对他来说，这更像是12盒捐赠的草莓接近生命的最后一天。
S思维拓展
more likely更有可能的；更有希望的
more and more 越来越……；日益……
more often更频繁，更经常
more and more often越来越经常；越来越多
more often than not往往，多半
J即学即练
完成句子
①A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.
情绪高涨的球队更可能获胜。
②People are dying of cancer more and more often .
死于癌症的人越来越多了。
③ More often than not she misses the bus.
她经常赶不上这班公共汽车。
④Man is using up more and more natural resources.
人类正在消耗越来越多的自然资源。
单句语法填空
⑤The opening speeches sounded more like declarations of war than offerings of peace.
重 点 句 型
1.Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks...
克莱尔不想让机器人出现在家里，尤其是她丈夫要出差三个星期。
J句式分析
本句中as作为连词，引导时间状语从句。
She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page.
她惊奇地看着他的手指一页一页地翻着。
S思维拓展
as引导状语从句
状语从句的类型 意义 用法
原因状语从句 因为，由于 此时as相当于since，常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由
方式状语从句 照……方式；正如；就像 —
时间状语从句 当……时，随着 一般情况下，as后的动词所表示的动作和主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
让步状语从句 虽然，尽管 从句常用倒装语序，把表语形容词、副词、动词原形、分词或名词提前。作表语的单数可数名词位于句首时，其前不用冠词
比较状语从句 像……一样，如同 常用于“as...as...”或“not so/as...as...”结构中
Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.(as引导的原因状语从句)
人人都喜欢你，因为你既体贴又诚实。
When in Rome do as the Romans do.(as引导的方式状语从句)
[谚]入国问禁，入境随俗。
(天津高考)As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.(as引导的时间状语从句)
随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
Happy as they were, there was something missing.(as引导的让步状语从句，作表语的形容词提前，构成倒装。)
尽管他们很快乐，但缺少点儿什么。
The task is not as hard as I thought.(as引导的比较状语从句)
这项任务没有我想象的那么困难。
J即学即练
结合as的用法完成句子
① As they grow up (随着他们长大), students are likely to develop their good habits of learning.
②(天津高考阅读理解改编)Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed (当她指着) to the corner near the windows.
③Detailed surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take medicine as instructed (遵照指示)．
④ Poor as he was (他虽然贫穷), he made every effort to improve the situation.
2.He seemed more like a human than a machine.
他看上去更像是一个人，而不像一台机器。
J句式分析
在more...than...中，肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的内容，相当于“是……而不是……”。
The hat is more green than blue.
这顶帽子是绿色而不是蓝色的。
The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.
与其说这是一本语法书还不如说是一本字典。
S思维拓展
more than
no more than仅仅
not more than不超过
no＋比较级＋than与……一样不……
not＋比较级＋than不比……更……
Peace is much more than the absence of war.
和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。
You are no more careful than he is.
你和他一样不仔细。
Tom is not more diligent than Mary.
汤姆不如玛丽勤奋。
J即学即练
完成句子
①He is more a scholar than a teacher.
与其说他是教师，不如说他是学者。
②China Daily is more than a newspaper .It helps to improve our English.
《中国日报》不仅仅是一种报纸，它还有助于提高我们的英语水平。
③How disappointing！They have finished no more than 5% of the work.
多么令人失望啊！他们仅仅完成了这项工作的5%。
3.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔认为她被机器人给予同情是荒谬的，但她逐渐钦佩他的智慧和正直，并开始信任他。
J句式分析
该句是复合句。it是从句的形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。
It was clear that they had no desire for peace.
很明显他们没有对和平的渴望。
It seems that Mr Wu's idea is more practical.
看起来吴先生的意见更实际一些。
It happened that I wasn't there that day.
恰巧那天我不在那里。
S思维拓展
it作形式主语的常见结构如下：
(1)It's a pity/a shame/good news/an honour/a good thing/one's hope that...
(2)It's strange/natural/surprising/true/funny/wonderful/likely/possible/obvious that...
(3)It seems/happened/suddenly struck me that...
(4)It is said/reported/announced/expected/arranged that...
(5)It is doubtful/not decided/not made clear/to be decided/a question＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句
(6)It doesn't matter/doesn't make too much difference＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) It just happened that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen.
②It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the marketplace and, therefore, supply more jobs.
③The rain lasted about an hour and it was a pity that we had to stop our work.
4.As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant.
为了帮她这个忙，托尼答应帮助克莱尔把她打扮得更漂亮，把她家布置得更雅致。
J句式分析
本句中Tony是主语，promises是谓语，不定式短语作宾语，其中含有“make＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构，形容词为宾语补足语。
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
他们想让公众明白，他们做的是一项重要而必要的工作。
It's the choices we make that make us who we are, and we always have a choice to make things right.
我们所作出的决定造就了现在的我们，而我们也总能选择让事情朝着正确的方向发展。
——《蜘蛛侠》
S思维拓展
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
在“make＋宾语＋宾补”这一复合结构中，宾补可以由名词(短语)、形容词(短语)、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。
①“make＋宾语＋形容词(短语)”意为“使……处于某种状态”。
He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them interested in his classes.
他在学生中很受欢迎，因为他总是试图使他们对他的课感兴趣。
②“make＋宾语＋名词(短语)”意为“使/让……成为……；推选……为……”。
We made him our team leader last week.
上周我们推选他当我们的队长。
③“make＋宾语＋不带to的不定式”表示“迫使、强制某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。
My parents often make me do some extra homework.
我的父母经常让我做一些额外的家庭作业。
在主动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式不带to；而在被动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式必须带上to。
I was made to finish the work before nine.
别人让我9点前完成工作。
④“make＋宾语＋现在分词”意为“使/让某人一直处于某种状态”，宾补表示动作正在发生或进行。宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。
You shouldn't make him standing there all the time.
你不应该让他一直站在那儿。
⑤“make＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“使/让别人做某事”。宾补与宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
I speak slowly to make myself understood.
我说得很慢，以便大家都能听懂我的话。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2023·全国乙卷)TV chefs have made them much more confident (confidence) about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills.
②I'm sorry to make you waiting (wait) for me so long.
③Children should be made to understand (understand) the importance of saving water.
完成句子
④To our surprise, the film made him a superstar (让他成为一个超级巨星)．
5.As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
J句式分析
本句中there stood Gladys Claffern是倒装句式，并且是全部倒装。句子的主语是Gladys Claffern，谓语是stood，there作地点状语。正常语序应是“Gladys Claffern stood there”。
There stands an old pine tree in front of our classroom.
我们教室前有一棵老松树。
The door opened and in came Mr. Smith.
门开了，史密斯先生走了进来。
(2022· 1 月浙江卷)There is still a long way to go.
还有很长的路要走。
S思维拓展
完全倒装把谓语动词放在主语前面，常用于以下几种情况：
①表示地点的here和there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词，以及stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)。
②表示方向的副词away，down，in，off，out，over，round，up等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常是表示动态的不及物动词。
注：若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。
③表示时间或顺序的副词now，then等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常是表示动态的不及物动词。
④将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时，其后通常用倒装语序。
注：在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①All of a sudden the door opened and in came (come) a troop of children in all sorts of fancy dress.
②There lies (lie)a large field of rice in front of our village.
③In the southwest of China there lie (lie) many forests where live a great variety of plants and animals.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.As an amateur novelist, she had long assumed that fiction (小说) must come from experience, not from the study of other books.
2.I wouldn't climb to the top of that ladder (梯子) in the lawn, even if you paid me.
3.Basically, the festival boxes were holiday bonuses (红利) for the civilians in need.
4.Do you know anyone that corresponds to the ridiculous (荒唐的) standards they establish
5.He is so kind and sympathetic that I have always regarded him as a man of integrity (正直)．
6.By doing this, you can maintain your dignity (尊严) and worth as well as prepare for success in your complicated work.
7.In spite of her good salary (薪水), she dominates every dollar needed for household expenses carefully.
8.The policeman was accused of his abuse of power and he was suspended (暂停) while the case was investigated.
9.It is absurd (荒唐的) to go out in such terrible weather.
10.The secretary reminded her boss of the appointment (约会), but he didn't make any response.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.He made his statement on Sunday but it was more like a declaration (declare) of war.
2.We await your urgent reply so that we can make an appointment (appoint) with you and pick you up at your earliest convenience.
3.It is absurd to go (go) fishing in such terrible weather.
4.She was found guilty (guilt) of stealing from her employers, which made her parents very sorrowful.
5.You can often watch a scene in a film where the little mice are used to test out drugs.
6.His brother's example inspired him to try out for the football team.
7.When it comes to how to speak fluent Chinese，I suggest that you (should) learn (learn)a bunch of pronunciation rules first.
8.As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter (smart) and her home more elegant.
9.The driver declared (declare) guilt may be fined a maximum of $25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison.
10.But for the most part, I'm becoming more like my Chinese friends.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.He seems more like a military officer than a business executive.
他似乎比较像一个军官，而不像一个商业行政主管。(more like...than...)
2. It was considerate of you to visit my mother every day.
你每天都去看我母亲，想得真周到。(it作形式主语)
3.Internet makes our life easy and convenient .
互联网使我们的生活变得简单和方便。(make＋宾语＋宾补)
4. There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.
远处似乎有一个穿黑衣的人。(全倒装)
5. As my mother sang those old songs , tears ran down her cheeks.
当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。(as引导时间状语从句)
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Recently Larry's company had begun experimenting with a household robot. Larry would be away 1.on a business trip for three weeks and his wife would be at home alone. Larry wanted the robot to accompany his wife, Claire, and 2.to be tested (test) out by her. So Larry persuaded her to do so. At first sight, Claire felt 3.alarmed (alarm) that Tony, the robot, looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth hair, 4.speaking (speak) in a deep voice. When Tony asked her whether she needed help 5.dressing (dress), Claire felt embarrassed. 6.Gradually (gradual), Tony began to win Claire's trust. He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her home elegant, giving her a new hairstyle, changing her makeup and 7.giving (give) her advice on her dresses. Tony suggested that Claire 8.(should) invite (invite) some guests to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. Then they prepared for it. At last, the night of the party arrived. Just before the guests arrived, Tony took Claire in his 9.arms (arm), declaring that he didn't want to leave her and 10.that he felt more than just the desire to please her.Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
被动语态
英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词来表示被动，而英语中由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
一、各种时态的被动结构
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的被动结构是考查重点。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。以do为例：
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall /will be done 无 shall/will have been done
过去将来 should/would be done 无 should/would have been done
(2023·全国甲卷)As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
随着灰熊的活动范围扩大到一个多世纪以来从未出现过的地方，人类越来越多地看到了它们。
Everyone's pay will be increased next year by 5%.
明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。
The work will have been finished by the end of next month.
到下月底前这项工作将会完成。
The house is quite old.It was built in 1950.
这座房子很古老了。它是1950年建造的。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he was being followed (follow)．
②They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed (install)by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
③Amy, as well as her brothers, was given (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
二、被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
Rice is grown in the south of China.
中国南方种植水稻。
2．强调动作的承受者。
The tree was broken by that boy.
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
三、将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几种情况
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
(1)间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变；
(2)直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
He told us a story.
他给我们讲故事。
→We were told a story by him.
我们听(他讲)故事。
→A story was told to us by him.
故事由他给我们讲。
2．动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。
She will take good care of the children.
她将会好好照顾孩子们。
→The children will be taken good care of by her.
孩子们将由她来好好照顾。
3．复合宾语通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to必须补上。
Someone saw him swim in the lake yesterday.
昨天有人看见他在湖里游泳。
→He was seen to swim in the lake yesterday.
昨天他被看见在湖里游泳。
4．特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：一般用“By＋疑问词”开头。
Who has broken the cup
谁打碎了杯子？
→By whom has the cup been broken
杯子被谁打碎了？
J即学即练
完成句子
①My English name is Walter. It was given by my English professor when I was at the university.
我的英文名是Walter，它是我上大学时我的英语教授取的。
②(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。
③ I was made to cry by the moving movie.
我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。
四、被动语态和过去分词作表语
1．意义差别：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。
The window is broken.
窗子破了。
The window is broken by him.
窗子被他打破了。
2．用法差别：过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用 much，very much，so much, too much修饰。
He was very interested in science.
他对科学有极大的兴趣。(系表结构)
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do.
我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①I was pleased to hear (hear) you've been promoted.
②He was pleased by his teacher's praise.
③I was quite surprised with the significance of the findings.
④Everyone was surprised by the speed with which the dispute was settled.
五、常见主动表被动的情况
1．有些动词(cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等)常用主动形式表被动。
This pen writes smoothly.
这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
This car sells well.
这车很畅销。
2．在某些形容词(hard，difficult，easy, heavy，fit, good，comfortable，convenient，impossible, cheap, expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动。
(2023·全国乙卷)What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
更重要的是，室内植物很容易照顾，也不是很贵。
The box is heavy to carry.
这箱子重得搬不动。
3．“半系动词＋形容词”结构，look，smell, taste, sound, feel，prove，turn out等。
The food in this restaurant tastes good.
这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。
The news turned out (to be) true.
这消息原来是真的。
4．need, want, require, deserve，be worth 后面接动词的-ing形式，主动表被动。
The novel is worth reading.
这本小说值得一读。
The old house requires repairing.
这所旧房子需要修理。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①This kind of knife cuts (cut)well.
②Your writing is really difficult to read (read)．
③That sounds (sound)great. Deal me in!
④All the old carpets need replacing/to be replaced (replace)．
六、有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态。
如：fit, have，marry, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。
J即学即练
完成句子
①A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow.
直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
②You will be asked a lot of strange questions by them.
他们将问你许多奇怪的问题。
③By last December three ships had been built by them.
到去年十二月他们已建造了三艘船。
④I have some clothes to wash .
我有一些衣服要洗。
⑤Your idea proved to be wrong.
你的想法证实是错的。
⑥The book sells quickly.
书销售得快。
⑦Will more gas be needed
需要更多的煤气吗？
⑧The music isn't pleasant to listen to .
这音乐不好听。
语法专题练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.They are going to be sent (send)to work in Tibet for two years.
2.—Do you have any problems if you are offered (offer)this job
—Well，I'm thinking about the salary.
3.Though we don't know what was being discussed，yet we can feel the topic has been changed (change)．
4.Much progress is being made (make)in China with the help of the people's hard work.
5.Nowadays, more new technologies are being applied (apply)in the field of IT.
6.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)I was informed (inform)that I won the first prize in the writing contest.
7.You are not allowed to go into the meeting room.A secret plan is being discussed (discuss)there.
8.The surface of this table feels so smooth. I think it is well worth buying (buy)．
9.The manager was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets had been booked (book)．
10.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has been decided (decide)．
Ⅱ.句型转换
1.(2022·全国甲卷改编)In a recent experiment, the researchers presented cockatoos with a nut inside.(改为被动语态)
In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a nut inside it by the researchers.
2.(2022·全国乙卷改编)Workers are already using drones to examine high-tension electrical lines.(改为被动语态)
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines by workers.
3.This makes me feel thirsty.(改为被动语态)
I am made to feel thirsty by this.
4.Did you buy this bike from the shop？(改为被动语态)
Was this bike bought by you from the shop
5.(2022·全国新高考I卷改编)If your essay is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.(改为主动语态)
If you don't turn in your essay by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.
6.We should speak to old men politely.(改为被动语态)
Old men should be spoken to politely.
7.My watch needs repairing.(改为同义句)
My watch needs to be repaired .
8.A local advertising company has offered Maria a good job.(改为被动语态)
A good job has been offered to Maria by a local advertising company.
Ⅲ.语法主题应用
请用被动语态介绍你喜欢的一部科幻小说。
1．《弗兰肯斯坦》(Frankenstein)是玛丽·雪莱(Marry Shelley)写的一篇科幻小说；
2．这本小说被认为是英国文学史上最早的科幻小说之一；
3．这本小说出版后，受到广泛关注；
4．小说的故事基于科学、想象和自身经历；
5．这本小说已被翻译成多种语言。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Frankenstein is a science fiction which was written by Marry Shelley. It is regarded as one of the earliest science fictions in English literature.After the novel was published，it drew wide attention. The story of the novel is based on science, imagination and personal experiences. The novel has been translated into many languages.Section Ⅲ Using Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
A)单词拼写
1. blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的
2. panel n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组
3. inch n．英寸
4. grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧
5. niece n．侄女；外甥女→(反义词) nephew n．侄子，外甥
6. fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
7. handkerchief n．手帕；纸巾
8. lamp n．灯；台灯
9. pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏
10. urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
11. mud n．泥；泥浆
B)词形转换
1. superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的→ superiority n．优越(性)，优等；傲慢
2. labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作→ labourer n．(尤指户外的)体力劳动者，劳工，工人
3. leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套→ leathern adj.皮的，皮革制的，似皮革的→ leathery adj.似皮革的，坚韧的
4. backwards adv.向后；倒着；往回→(反义词) forwards adv.向前方，继续向前
5. division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→ divide vt.& vi.分开；分隔；除以；分配→ divisional adj.分割的，分开的；分区的，分部的
6. random adj.随机的；不可思议的→ randomly adv.随便地，未加计划地→ randomness n．随意，无安排；随机性
7. maximum adj.最大极限的 n．最大量；最大限度→ minimum adj.最低的；最小的；最少的 n．最低限度；最小量；最低消费
8. explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→ explosion n．爆炸，炸裂；爆发；扩张，激增；(感情，尤指愤怒的)突然爆发→ explosive adj.爆炸的；易爆炸的；突增的；暴躁的
Ⅱ.高频短语
1. pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
2. take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
3. conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
4．turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
5．fall away (逐渐)减少；消失
6．have an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
Ⅲ.重点句型
1. It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天十点，第一台时光机开始了它的职业生涯。
2．Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯被熄灭了，又过了一会儿，白天来了。
3．I saw huge buildings rise up , then disappear like a dream.
我看到巨大的建筑拔地而起，然后像梦一样消失了。
4．The whole surface of the earth was being changed, melting and flowing before my eyes.
整个地球表面正在发生变化，在我眼前融化流动。
5. So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn't matter.
只要我以最快的速度旅行，这就无关紧要了。
Ⅳ.语篇解读
(Ⅰ)Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F)．
1．The author checked the machine before he started it.( T )
2．The author's niece came in to see how he worked.( F )
3．It seemed to the author his niece travelled very fast.( T )
4．The author found the surface of the earth changed.( T )
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answer.
1．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us D
A．The fast growth of trees.
B．The disappearance of buildings.
C．The speed of his travel through time.
D．His experience of travelling through time.
2．Where did the machine land A
A．In the mud. B．On the road.
C．In the air. D．In the laboratory.
3．How did the author feel when he landed A
A．Surprised. B．Satisfied.
C．Frightened. D．Thrilled.
重 点 单 词
1.superior adj.更好的，占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n．上级，长官；优胜者
D典型例句
A few years ago it was impossible to find superior quality coffee in local shops.
几年前在当地的商店里不可能买到上好的咖啡。
Your cellphone is superior to mine in quality.
在质量上，你的手机比我的手机高级多了。
He always does what his superiors tell him.
他唯上级之命是从。
S思维拓展
superior to sb. /sth.比……(在品质上)更好；更胜一筹
superior to sb.比某人(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高
superior in...在……方面优越
superior quality优质，上等品；高级货品
superior court 高等法院；上级法院
be inferior to...低于；不如……；在……之下
be senior to...比……年长(资历深)
be junior to...比……年轻(资历浅)
M名师点津
superior的易错点
superior用作形容词时，本身含有“较”的意思，故不再有比较级或最高级形式，用“superior to”表示“两事物的比较”。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①At the meeting, experts stated this method was superior to others.
②He was valued by both his peer and his superiors (superior)．
补全句子
③This model is technically superior to (优于) its
competitors.
④There are some people junior to me (级别比我低)．
2.fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
D典型例句
He sent his driver to fetch him a strawberry shake.
他让司机去给他买一杯草莓奶昔。
I had to fetch water from the well.
我得从井里打水。
Y易混辨析
take, bring与fetch
易混词 含义 用法区别
take 带去，拿去 指从说话人所在或所说之处把某人或某物带走，侧重方向而非方式，与bring的方向正相反
bring 带来，拿来 指从别处把某人或某物带到说话人所在或所说之处
fetch (去)拿来 指去取了某物或带上某人再返回原处，即一往一返，相当于go and bring，但有时也可说go and fetch，意思和fetch并无不同
Q巧学助记
J即学即练
完成句子
①He was carrying a bucket to fetch water .
他拎着桶去打水。
②I'm expected to fetch and carry for everyone in the office.
办公室里每个人都指望我听他们差遣。
选词填空(take/bring/fetch)
③The soldiers came back and brought seven prisoners.
④ Take your raincoat with you when you go to work.
⑤The puppy fetched the stick that we had tossed.
3.pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏；踱步；缓慢而行
D典型例句
Instead of moving at his usual stately pace, he was almost running.
他没像平时那样优雅从容地走着，而是几乎跑了起来。
With four laps to go, he kept pace with the leaders.
还剩4圈的时候，他与那些领先者并驾齐驱。
As they waited, Kravis paced the room nervously.
在他们等待的时候，克拉维斯在屋里不安地踱来踱去。
It was a tough race and I had to pace myself.
这是场艰苦的比赛，我不得不控制好自己的节奏。
S思维拓展
keep pace with...(与……)齐步前进；(与……)并驾齐驱
set the pace确定速度；确立标准；领先
at a/an... pace以……的速度
at a pace of以……的速度
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①She was going too fast so I decided to keep riding at my own pace.
②He found John pacing (pace)around the flat, unable to sleep.
③A group of the world's best skiers will be going through their paces (pace)．
完成句子
④ Pacing up and down in the room, he talked endlessly about the goings-on in the city.
他在房里踱来踱去，滔滔不绝地讲着城里发生的异常情况。
⑤She found it hard to keep pace with him as he strode off.
他大步走开了，她感到很难跟上他。
4.division n．分开；分隔；分配；除(法)；差异
D典型例句
Unequal distribution of wealth may cause division in society.
财富分配不均或许会引起社会分裂。
I taught my daughter how to do division at the age of six.
女儿6岁时我就教她如何做除法了。
There are deep divisions in the party over the war.
党内对于这场战争存在着严重的分歧。
S思维拓展
divide vt.分开；分配；分隔；除，除以
divide...into...把……分成……
divide sth. between/among...在……之间分配/分享某物
divide A by B A除以B
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①There was a division (divide) of opinion on the matter.
②Thirty divided (divide) by two is fifteen.
③He divided his time between reading and writing.
④(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)To do so, I divided the book into two parts.
5.urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
D典型例句
He had an urge to open a shop of his own.
他很想自己开一家店。
Once inside her apartment she felt an urge to brush her teeth.
一回到自己的公寓，她就有一种想要刷牙的冲动。
What can we do to urge these lazy workers to greater production
我们怎样才能鼓励这些懒惰的工人去努力增产呢？
S思维拓展
(1)urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事
urge/It is urged that...(should) do sth.极力主张……做某事
(2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的
urgency n．紧急；催促
Q巧学助记
He urged the hen to lay eggs.
他敦促母鸡下蛋。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①Our teacher urges us to study (study) hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.
②I have an urge to help people out when they're in trouble.
③I make an urgent (urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
④There happens to be a particular urgency (urgent) in this case, and it would help if you could bend the rules.
6.explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破；爆裂
D典型例句
In April 1945, I heard something explode at midnight.
1945年的4月，我半夜突然听到爆炸声。
Suddenly Charles exploded with anger.
突然查尔斯勃然大怒。
India's population has exploded in the last few years.
在最近几年里，印度的人口急剧增加。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)You have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill，or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
要吃汤包，你必须决定是先咬一个小洞，冒着流出汁水的风险，还是把整个汤包放进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。
S思维拓展
explode into/with sth.勃然大怒；大发雷霆；突然发生(危险)
explosion n．爆炸
explosive adj.爆炸的；易爆炸的
Q巧学助记
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①The speaker's mistake was so funny that the audience exploded (explode) with laughter.
②How can we explain the recent population explosion (explode)
③His temper is explosive ，and he always explodes with anger at small bad things.(explode)
重 点 短 语
1.take over 接替；接任；接管；接手
D典型例句
She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job.
她认定我是接手这份工作的最佳人选。
Richard will take over as the president of the company.
理查德将接任公司总裁职位。
(2022·全国乙卷)Just see how cars have taken over our cities.
看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。
S思维拓展
take away拿走；带走，抓走
take back带回，收回
take down拆除；往下拽
take off脱下；起飞；成功
take out把……取出来
take on呈现；承担
take place发生
take in吸收；收留；领会
take up开始从事；占用
take apart拆开；拆散
take to喜欢上，喜爱
take one's place取代某人；就位
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①This kind of board will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.
②I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to take up too much of your time.
③Soldiers took away four people，one of whom was later released.
④Don't take on more responsibilities than you can handle.
⑤I'm going to take over the company one day.
2.conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
D典型例句
These results conflict with earlier findings.
这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。
He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with my own.
他持有坚定的观点，通常与我的观点相左。
S思维拓展
conflict n．冲突；争执；争论 v．(想法、信仰或陈述)冲突，抵触，相互矛盾
a conflict between A and B A和B之间的冲突
a conflict over sth.某事上的冲突
in conflict with sb.与某人有冲突
conflicting adj.冲突的；相矛盾的
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①There's always a conflict between good and evil in his plays.
②There is no conflict of fundamental interests among the third world countries.
③The scientists said their findings don't conflict with each other.
④Employees already are in conflict with management over job cuts.
⑤My husband and he held conflicting (conflict) opinions on this matter.
3.turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
D典型例句
Please turn out the lights when you leave the room.
你离开房间时，请把灯关掉。
The whole village turned out to welcome the hero.
全村人都出来欢迎这位英雄。
He got his first book published.It turned out to be a bestseller.
他的第一本书出版了，结果成了畅销书。
(2023·全国乙卷)As it turned out, Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion.
事实证明，道格拉斯做了她成为奥运会冠军所需要做的事情。
S思维拓展
turn up 调大；到场；出现；翻身，翻转；找到
turn on 打开
turn in 上交
turn down 关小；调低；拒绝
turn off关掉
turn around 转身
turn to求助于
J即学即练
用turn的短语填空
①He promised to come but hasn't turned up yet.
②The experiment turned out to be a great success.
③Don't forget to turn off the light when you leave.
④Don't worry. I'm sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or later.
⑤Students turned in their homework as usual.
⑥Whenever you are in trouble, you can turn to the police for help.
⑦(2023·1月浙江卷)I turned around to see the same hummingbird hovering in the air.
⑧She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
⑨They searched the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.
4.fall away(逐渐)减少；消失
D典型例句
His supporters fell away as his popularity declined.
随着他的名望下降，他的支持者渐渐离他而去。
All our doubts fell away.
我们的一切疑虑都烟消云散。
S思维拓展
fall apart散开，破碎；崩溃，破裂；散架
fall asleep入睡；睡着
fall back后退， (对方因被击败而)退却；回落
fall behind落后
fall off减少；下降
fall down跌倒；掉下；倒塌；失败
fall out掉落；脱落；争吵
fall over发生故障；被……绊倒
fall ill生病
fall in love with爱上，喜爱
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①He fell over a rock in his path and fell to the ground.
②The snowstorm caused traffic to fall away sharply.
③Their marriage finally fell apart and they got divorced.
④He fell behind , so he had to quicken up his pace to catch up with us.
⑤Inflation could fall back into single figures as early as this month.
重 点 句 型
1.It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天十点，第一台时光机开始了它的职业生涯。
J句式分析
本句为强调句式，at ten o'clock today 为被强调部分。
It was in the park that I met my old teacher yesterday.
我昨天在公园见到了我从前的老师。
It is Mr.Smith that thinks Tom is a clever boy.
史密斯先生认为汤姆是一个聪明的男孩。
(2022·全国甲卷)But it is the harbor that makes the city.
但正是港口造就了这座城市。
S思维拓展
强调句型是英语中常用的句子结构，其基本结构为：It＋be＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分。
①强调句型中，能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语、状语、宾语等，不能用来强调谓语动词、表语、补语、让步状语、条件状语等。
②强调句型中，连接词一般用that，如被强调的部分是人，也可用who/whom，其他一律用that，不能用which, where, when等，即使被强调的是物、时间状语或地点状语。
③强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数， be动词一律用单数is/was形式，如果原句的谓语动词是一般过去时，就用was；是一般现在时，就用is，也可以用“情态动词＋be”形式。
④强调句型也有疑问句形式，包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反义疑问句。一般疑问句的强调形式，只需将is/was提前，移至句首即可，即：Is/Was it...that...。特殊疑问句的强调形式，须将陈述句变成一般疑问句，再在句首加上疑问词，即：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余部分。
⑤not...until...结构在强调句型中的运用：until引导时间状语从句，也可以用在强调句型中，但主要是其否定形式，如用在强调句型中，必须将not前移，写成It is/was not until...that...。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the bus picks up the exchange students.
②It was when we were returning home that I realized what a kind man he was.
句型转换
③He didn't go to bed until his father came home.(强调时间状语从句)
It was not until his father came home that he went to bed .
④It was at twelve o'clock at midnight that he witnessed the murder.(就画线部分提问)
When was it that he witnessed the murder
2.Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯被熄灭了，又过了一会儿，白天来了。
J句式分析
as if＝as though“似乎，好像”，可用来引导表语从句和状语从句。
(2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
室内植物可能看起来无所事事，但在许多方面，它们是家庭的无名英雄。
I don't mean to alarm you, but it smells as though you might have dropped something.
我不是有意惊动你，但闻起来你好像掉了什么东西。
——《爱丽丝梦游仙境》
S思维拓展
(1)当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的、极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句要用陈述语气。
It looks as if it is going to snow.
看来要下雪。
(2)当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的、极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反 过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 过去完成时(had done)
与将来事实相反 would/could/might＋do
The woman loves the children as if she were their mother.
这位女士爱这些孩子，好像她就是他们的妈妈一样。(与现在事实相反)
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①Don't handle the vase as if it were (be) made of steel.
②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done (do) it
③The little boy walks as if he were (be) an old man.
④He talked a lot about America as if he had been (be) there before.
3.I saw huge buildings rise up, then disappear like a dream.
我看到巨大的建筑拔地而起，然后像梦一样消失了。
J句式分析
see＋宾语(huge buildings)＋宾补(rise up)
Around me I saw trees growing like puffs of smoke.
我看到周围的树木像一缕缕烟雾一样生长着。
Someone saw him come up the stairs.
有人看见他上楼了。
S思维拓展
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过那个小女孩的房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(被动，正在进行)
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。(被动，没有一定的时间性)
M名师点津
当see用于被动时，see sb./sth.do要变成 sb./sth.be seen to do。
He was seen to enter the room.
有人看见他进了房间。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried (carry) out next year.
②The missing boy was last seen playing (play) near the lake.
③I saw John reading (read) my private letters when I approached him.
4.The whole surface of the earth was being changed, melting and flowing before my eyes.
整个地球表面正在发生变化，在我眼前融化流动。
J句式分析
melting and flowing before my eyes是现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语。
He lowered his head, whispering, “I couldn't manage it.”
他低下头，低声说： “我做不到。”
He worked day and night to meet the deadline, sparing no time to rest.
为了赶在最后期限前完成任务，他日夜工作没时间休息。
S思维拓展
现在分词的一般式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生，与句子主语构成主动关系，表示时间、条件、方式、让步或伴随情况。
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.(作时间状语)
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
Being a League member, he is always helping others.(作原因状语)
由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.(作伴随状语)
他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.(作条件状语)
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.(作结果状语)
他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.(作让步状语)
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
① Looking around, I saw my laboratory exactly as before.
② Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.
③While waiting for the bus, I encountered one of my old friends.
5.So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn't matter.
只要我以最快的速度旅行，这就无关紧要了。
J句式分析
so long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
I'll help you so long as I have time.
只要我有时间我会帮助你的。
I don't care, so long as she let me be with her.
只要她让我和她在一起，我才不在乎呢。
S思维拓展
条件状语从句有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句(即虚拟条件句)。能引导真实条件句的连词除了so/as long as外，还有if，unless，suppose/supposing(that)，providing/provided (that)，given(that)，on condition that，only if等。
Q巧学助记
If you are tired, we will go straight home.
如果你疲倦了，我们就直接回家。
I won't go to the party unless I'm invited.
除非我被邀请，否则我不会去参加晚会的。
You can go there on condition that you don't come back late for dinner.
你可以去那儿，条件是回来吃饭不能太晚。
Supposing that there is no pure water, what shall we drink
假如没有纯净的水，我们喝什么？
I will go providing /provided that you go too.
如果你也去，我就去。
Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。
Given that he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.
如果他能再一次得到机会的话，他肯定会成功的。
M名师点津
so long as与as long as用法：
①as long as只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句。
②as long as还可译为“与……一样长，长达……”。
J即学即练
一句多译
只要虚心，就会进步
① Provided/Providing you are modest, you'll surely make progress.
② As long as/So long as/On condition that you are modest, you'll surely make progress.
③ Only if you are modest will you surely make progress.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.A few years ago it was impossible to find superior (更好的) quality cherries in local shops.
2.The issue now is to see how the complicated measures will be taken, especially those concerning the labour (劳动力) market.
3.He showed great sympathy for the poor beggar and ordered him two pairs of black leather (皮革) shoes.
4.Seen from a distance on this sunny day, however, the bright autumn light made it hazy (朦胧的) and golden, like the imagery in a fairy tale.
5.In the folk story, Ella went to fetch (取) the pumpkin which Godmother transformed into an orange carriage.
6.Before polishing the house she bound up her hair in a large handkerchief (手帕)．
7.In order to write a good composition，I urge (力劝) you to read some prose which is beneficial to you.
8.Do you fear that you'll burst into tears or explode (爆发) with anger in front of her
9.According to the complicated regulations, the maximum (最大的) height for a fence or hedge is 6 feet.
10.I knew nothing beyond a few random (随机的) facts.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The villagers have to walk a mile to fetch (fetch)water.
2.Until now, wage increases have always kept pace with inflation.
3.He has an urge to become a cinema star.
4.My phone seems to switch itself off randomly (random)．
5.Bombs were exploding (explode)all around the city.
6.Peter will take over as managing director when Bill retires.
7.Your statement is in conflict with the rest of the evidence.
8.Our photograph shows how the plants will turn out .
9.The houses fell away as we left the city.
10. So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.
Ⅲ.选词填空
feel like，have an urge to，turn out，draw a breath，push through，due to，again and again
1.The chances are that this book may turn out to be the bestseller of our time.
2.Would you feel like coming along with us to the concert this Sunday
3.My brother drew a breath ，determined that he would go on climbing.
4.The crowd in Quancheng Square was so thick that he had to push through .
5.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to the heavy snow.
6.The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel around the world.
7.Mr. Brown was careful and would go over his work again and again until he felt he had it right.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1. It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这里，我才意识到这个地方不仅以它的美丽而闻名，而且以它的天气而闻名。(强调句型)
2.He behaved as if nothing had happened .
他表现得若无其事。(as if)
3. So long as you try your best , it doesn't matter whether you win or not.
只要尽力而为，输赢无关紧要。(so long as)
4.He said it angrily, pointing at the notice on the wall .
他指着墙上的布告生气地说。(现在分词作状语)
5.When I passed the window, I saw him reading a science fiction .
当我经过窗口时，我看见他在读一本科幻小说。(see＋宾语＋宾补)
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
The first of all Time Machines began its career at ten o'clock today. 1.Giving (give) it a last check, I sat myself in the leather seat. I drew 2.a breath，gripped the lever and pushed it forwards. The laboratory 3.went (go) hazy around me. My niece came in to fetch something, maybe her handkerchief，apparently without 4.seeing (see) me. I pushed the lever further. Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. Tomorrow night came, then skipped to day, again and again, 5.faster (fast) and faster still. It is hard 6.to explain (explain) the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling. It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road. I had a strong urge to look at the random things 7.that/which were being flashed before my eyes! I had thought about the risk of stopping the Time Machine many 8.times (time)．I pulled the lever backwards hard. With a sudden jolt, the Time Machine was flipped on its side, and I 9.was thrown(throw) through the air. I was stunned for a moment, and then heard the sound of thunder. I was sitting in the rain in some mud next 10.to the machine.Section Ⅳ 单元写作
科幻故事
写作指导
写科幻故事是开放式作文的一种，一般给出一段材料，要求我们充分发挥想象力来拓展原材料内容，运用逻辑推理的方法，沿着材料的纵横方向延伸，给故事添加开头、结尾或中间过程。想象必须合理而且内容丰富，要抓住主题，运用恰当的词汇、句型与语句间的连接成分写出连贯的表达，语言要流畅、具有美感。
写科幻故事需要遵循以下步骤：
1．仔细审题，确定文章结构
科幻故事的写作一般可分为三部分：第一部分为故事的开始；第二部分为故事发展的过程及结果；最后一部分提出故事的教育意义。
2．根据需要确定时态
科幻故事通常发生在未来，因此应以一般将来时为主。
3．筛选词汇
科幻故事一般为虚构的故事，为了吸引读者，故事的语言要生动、富于虚幻性。
常用表达
1....is one of the greatest fantasy stories ever written.
……是有史以来最伟大的奇幻故事之一。
2．The hero is a boy called...and the heroine is a girl called...
男主人公一个名叫……的男孩，女主角是一个名叫……的女孩。
3．There are many extraordinary adventures.
有很多不寻常的冒险。
4．Robots play an important role in our future life.
机器人在我们未来的生活中扮演着重要的角色。
5．Both adults and children will enjoy these stories.
大人和小孩都会喜欢这些故事。
精品展示
某英文报社正在举行英文幻想故事大赛，请你根据所给出的故事的开头(不计入总词数)，续写一篇80词左右的幻想小故事参赛。
Once upon a time，a young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood，wondering and then the ring said，“Young man，a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her，you will gain happiness.Put on me and I will help you.”
审题谋篇
第一步 明确要求
1．确定体裁：幻想故事属记叙文范畴。
2．确定人称：主体人称为第三人称。
3．确定时态：以一般过去时为主。
第二步 确定段落
本文应分为三部分：
Part 1：介绍故事的开始。
Part 2：讲述故事发展的过程。
Part 3：叙述故事的结局及意义。
第三步 核心词汇
1．犹豫做…… hesitate to do...
2．把……戴上 put...on
3．看不见的 invisible
4．靠近 approach
5．在……的帮助下 with the help of...
6．和……一起 together with
第四步 连词成句
1．年轻人毫不犹豫地戴上了那枚戒指。
The young man didn't hesitate to put the ring on his finger.
2．他吃惊地发现自己消失了，其他人都看不见他。
Surprisingly，he discovered that he disappeared and was invisible to other people.
3．一靠近城堡，他就戴上了戒指，进入了城堡。
As soon as he approached the castle ，he put on the ring，and entered the castle.
4．在戒指的帮助下，他在一个金盒中找到了魔棒，并成功地将其毁掉，解除了女巫对女孩施的魔咒。
With the help of the ring，he found the magical stick in a golden box，destroyed it successfully，and thus removed the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
5．年轻人和女孩一起击败了女巫，并且他们在一起过上了幸福的生活。
The young man, together with the girl, defeated the witch, and they lived a happy life together.
第五步 句式升级
1．用含有动词-ing形式作状语、形容词短语作状语的句子合并第1句和第2句。
The young man didn't hesitate to put the ring on his finger，surprisingly discovering that he disappeared，invisible to other people.
2．用“on＋动词-ing形式”改写第3句。
On approaching the castle，he put on the ring，and entered the castle.
3．用动词-ing形式作状语改写第4句。
With the help of the ring，he found the magical stick in a golden box，and destroyed it successfully，thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
第六步 连句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Once upon a time，a young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood，wondering and then the ring said，“Young man，a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her，you will gain happiness.Put on me and I will help you.”The young man didn't hesitate to put the ring on his finger，surprisingly discovering that he disappeared，invisible to other people.On approaching the castle，he put on the ring，and entered the castle.He learned that the girl couldn't move forever unless someone destroyed the witch's magical stick.With the help of the ring，he found the magical stick in a golden box，and destroyed it successfully，thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
The young man, together with the girl, defeated the witch, and they lived a happy life together.
写作训练
你们学校校报正在向学生征稿，稿件内容是关于未来的学校。请根据表格中记录的要点写一篇标题为“未来的学校(Future Schools)”的英语文章。
注意：1.词数80左右，文章的开头已经为你写好，不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。
School life：different activities；richer and more interesting
Buildings and equipment: modern；easy to use；everything run by computers
Subjects：more subjects to choose from；most subjects offered on the Internet
Ways of learning：learn at school or at home
Future Schools
In the future, schools will be different in many ways from what they are now.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Future Schools
In the future, schools will be different in many ways from what they are now.
Firstly, with many different activities to be organized at school, the school life will be richer and more interesting.Secondly, school buildings and equipment will be much better. Everything will be run by computers, more modern, and easier for students to use.Then, there will be many more subjects for students to choose from, and most subjects will be offered on the Internet. Therefore，students will choose to learn at home on the Internet, or at school from teachers.
In conclusion, future schools will be better learning places for students.
话题佳句
1．Not only is the story stunning and thrilling but the spirit it conveys is of great significance.
不仅故事让人印象深刻、令人激动，而且它传递的精神也是极其重要的。
2．The story is set on a future basis, when disasters will happen to human beings.
故事是以未来为背景，那时灾难将发生在人类身上。
3．The film intends to convey a message that it is only cooperation that can help us beat off the future challenges.
这部电影想要传递一个信息，只有合作才能帮助我们战胜未来的挑战。
4．There are so many science fiction writers throughout the world, among whom Cixin Liu is the one I admire most.
世界上有许多的科幻作家，刘慈欣是我最钦佩的一位。
5．So wonderful is the film The Wandering Earth that it is well worth seeing a second time.
《流浪地球》这部电影如此优秀，它真的值得再看一次。
6．Interesting and instructive, the book makes a great impact on my life.
这本书既有趣又有教育意义，对我的生活产生了巨大的影响。
7．The science fiction I'd like to recommend to you is I，Robot, created by Isaac Asimov.
我想向你推荐的科幻小说是艾萨克·阿西莫夫创作的《我，机器人》。
8．The year 2019 witnessed the great success of the film The Wandering Earth in China.
2019年见证了电影《流浪地球》在中国的巨大成功。
9．Never have I read such great science fiction as The Three-Body Problem in my life.
我一生中从未读过像《三体》这样优秀的科幻小说。
10．It is through this story that I have learnt that only with cooperation with each other can our world become better and better.
正是通过这个做事我学到了只有通过彼此合作我们的世界才会变得越来越好。单元重点回顾
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．appointment n. 预约；约会；委任→ appoint v．任命；委派；指定；约定
① have/make an appointment to do sth. 约好去做某事
② appoint to do sth. 约定好做某事
③ appoint sb.(to be/as) sth. 任命某人某职务
④ appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
2．guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→ guilt n．[法律]有罪，犯罪行为， 轻罪，过失；内疚，悔恨；自责→ guiltily adv.内疚地；有罪地
① feel guilty about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事感到内疚/惭愧
② guilty of sth. 犯了罪；有过失的；有罪责的
3．dismiss vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
① dismiss sb.from... 让某人从……离开；解雇某人
② dismiss sb.for sth. 因某事解雇某人
③ dismiss fears/doubts from one's mind 消除某人心中的恐惧/疑虑
4．declare vt. 宣布；宣称；声明；表明→ declarer n．宣告者→ declaration n．宣布，宣言，宣告；申报，声明(书)
① declare that... 宣布/宣称
② declare for/against... 声明赞成/反对……
③ declare war on... 向……宣战
④ declare sb./sth.＋adj. 宣布某人/某物……
⑤ declare sb./sth.(to be)... 宣布某人/某物为……
⑥ It is declared that... 据宣布……
5．superior adj. 更好的，占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n．上级，长官；优胜者
① superior to sb./sth. 比……(在品质上)更好；更胜一筹
② superior to sb. 比某人(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高
③ superior in... 在……方面优越
④ superior quality 优质，上等品；高级货品
⑤ superior court 高等法院；上级法院
⑥ be inferior to... 低于；不如……；在……之下
⑦ be senior to... 比……年长(资历深)
⑧ be junior to... 比……年轻(资历浅)
6．fetch vt. (去)拿来；(去)请来
① take 带去，拿去。指：从说话人所在或所说之处把某人或某物带走，侧重方向而非方式，与bring的方向正相反。
② bring 带来，拿来。指：从别处把某人或某物带到说话人所在或所说之处。
③ fetch (去)拿来。指：去取了某物或带上某人再返回原处，即一往一返，相当于go and bring，但有时也可说go and fetch，意思和fetch并无不同。
7．pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi. 确定速度；调整节奏；踱步；缓慢而行
① keep pace with... (与……)齐步前进；(与……)并驾齐驱
② set the pace 确定速度；确立标准；领先
③ at a/an...pace 以……的速度
④ at a pace of 以……的速度
8．division n. 分开；分隔；分配；除(法)；差异→divide vt.分开；分配；分隔；除，除以
① divide...into... 把……分成……
② divide sth.between/among... 在……之间分配/分享某物
③ divide A by B A除以B
9．urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→ urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的→ urgency n．紧急；催促
①urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事
②urge/It is urged that...(should) do sth.极力主张……做某事
③have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事
10．explode vi.& vt. 爆炸；爆破；爆裂→ explosion n．爆炸→ explosive adj.爆炸的；易爆炸的
explode into/with sth.勃然大怒；大发雷霆；突然发生(危险)
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. test out 试验；考验；检验；测试
① test out 对……进行彻底检验
② test on 检验，测验
③ test with 用……检验
④ test for 为鉴定……而测试；勘探
⑤ put sb./sth.to a/the test 使……经受考验(检验)
⑥ take a test in/for... 参加……考试/测试
2. more like 更像是；更接近
① more likely 更有可能的；更有希望的
② more and more 越来越……；日益……
③ more often 更频繁，更经常
④ more and more often 越来越经常；越来越多
⑤ more often than not 往往，多半
3. take over 接替；接任；接管；接手
① take away 拿走；带走，抓走
② take back 带回，收回
③ take down 拆除；往下拽
④ take off 脱下；起飞；成功
⑤ take out 把……取出来
⑥ take on 呈现；承担
⑦ take place 发生
⑧ take in 吸收；收留；领会
⑨ take up 开始从事；占用
⑩ take apart 拆开；拆散
take to 喜欢上，喜爱
take one's place 取代某人；就位
4. conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
① conflict n．冲突；争执；争论 v．(想法、信仰或陈述)冲突，抵触，相互矛盾
② a conflict between A and B A和B之间的冲突
③ a conflict over sth. 某事上的冲突
④ in conflict with sb. 与某人有冲突
⑤ conflicting adj.冲突的；相矛盾的
5. turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
① turn up 调大；到场；出现；翻身，翻转；找到
② turn on 打开
③ turn in 上交
④ turn down 关小；调低；拒绝
⑤ turn off 关掉
⑥ turn around 转身
⑦ turn to 求助于
6. fall away (逐渐)减少；消失
① fall apart 散开，破碎；崩溃，破裂；散架
② fall asleep 入睡；睡着
③ fall back 后退， (对方因被击败而)退却；回落
④ fall behind 落后
⑤ fall off 减少；下降
⑥ fall down 跌倒；掉下；倒塌；失败
⑦ fall out 掉落；脱落；争吵
⑧ fall over 发生故障；被……绊倒
⑨ fall ill 生病
⑩ fall in love with 爱上，喜爱
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks...
克莱尔不想让机器人出现在家里，尤其是当她丈夫要出差三个星期的时候。(as)
2．He seemed more like a human than a machine.
他看上去更像是一个人，而不像一台机器。(more...than...)
3．Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔认为她被机器人给予同情是荒谬的，但她逐渐钦佩他的智慧和正直，并开始信任他。(it作形式主语)
4．As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant .
为了帮她这个忙，托尼答应帮助克莱尔把她打扮得更漂亮，把她家布置得更雅致。(make＋宾语＋宾补)
5．As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern .
她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。(倒装)
6. It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天十点，第一台时光机开始了它的职业生涯。(强调句式)
7．Night came as if a lamp was being turned out , and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯被熄灭了，又过了一会儿，白天来了。(as if)
8．I saw huge buildings rise up , then disappear like a dream.
我看到巨大的建筑拔地而起，然后像梦一样消失了。(see＋宾语＋宾补)
9．The whole surface of the earth was being changed, melting and flowing before my eyes .
整个地球表面正在发生变化，在我眼前融化流动。(现在分词作状语)
10. So long as I travelled at maximum speed , it didn't matter.
只要我以最快的速度旅行，这就无关紧要了。(so long as)
时文阅读
聊天机器人ChatGPT
(原文选自)
语篇导读：近期，科技圈也刮起了一股名叫“ChatGPT”的风。ChatGPT是由OpenAI公司开发的一个人工智能聊天机器人程序。它能够通过学习和理解人类的语言来进行对话互动交流，甚至能完成撰写邮件、文案、翻译、代码等任务。数据显示，截至2023年一月末，ChatGPT的月度用户数已突破1亿，成为史上消费者增长最快的应用。
There's a new AI bot: ChatGPT, and you'd better pay attention, even if you aren't into artificial intelligence.The tool is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November 2022 to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can achieve.
ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses.It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet.ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning(监督和强化学习)．
You can ask ChatGPT anything, like explaining physics, asking for birthday party ideas and getting programming(编程) help.Perhaps it's not smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative.A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT.UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years.
ChatGPT is free to use at the moment because it is still in its research phase.But when too many people hop onto the server(服务器), it overloads and can't process your request.It just means you should try visiting the site at a later time when fewer people are trying to access it.If you want to skip the wait and have reliable access, there is an option for you.As of Feb.1, 2023, OpenAI has a ChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times.This service does come at a cost of $20/month.
However, ChatGPT can not replace Google.ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence bot that provides solutions to your questions, but Google is a search engine in which you can search for as much information as possible.ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day.
1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT B
A．Its language model.
B．Its working theory.
C．Its design inspiration.
D．Its development process.
2.Why does the author list figures in Paragraph 3 A
A．To show the popularity of ChatGPT.
B．To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT.
C．To present the creativity of artificial intelligence.
D．To prove the necessity of developing tools for chatting online.
3.What is ChatGPT Plus intended for D
A．Guiding users to experience free services.
B．Allowing net surfers to skip advertisements.
C．Helping researchers detect the failure of the system.
D．Offering consumers priority access during peak hours.
4.What is a limitation of ChatGPT compared with Google A
A．It operates based on limited data.
B．It takes more time to search for solutions.
C．It can only update information at a fixed time.
D．It may provide replies unrelated to the questions.
词汇积累
1．huge volumes of 大量的
2．fine-tune v．调整，使有规则
3．search engine 搜索引擎
知识小百科
OpenAI是美国一家人工智能研究公司。其成立于2015年12月，和谷歌、苹果、IBM等知名公司创办的其他项目共同探索先进计算机技术，解决面部识别或语言翻译等问题。OpenAI的核心宗旨在于确保通用人工智能(Artificial Intelligence, AGI)，即一种高度自主且在多数具有经济价值的工作上超越人类的系统，为全人类带来福祉。
