单元重点回顾
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．extend vt. 扩展；使伸长；延长→ extension n．伸展，扩大；延长，延期→ extended adj.延长了的；扩展了的→ extensive adj.广阔的，广大的；范围广泛的
① extend into... 扩大或延长到……
② extend over sth. (使)持续，延续
③ extend(...) to sth. (使)达到，伸展到
2．negotiate vt. 商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商→ negotiation n．协商，谈判；转让；通过→ negotiator n．磋商者；交涉者；交易者
① negotiate sth. 协商某事
② negotiate a deal/contract/treaty/settlement 达成交易/确立合同/商定条约内容/商定解决措施
③ negotiate with sb.for/about sth. 与某人协商某事
④ under negotiation 在商讨之中
3．withdraw vt. 取(款)；收回(说过的话) vt.& vi. (使)撤回；撤离；撤退→ withdrawal n．收回，取回，撤回；不再参加，退出(组织)；取款
① withdraw sth./ sb.from sth. 从某事中撤离某物/某人
② withdraw sth./ sb. 撤离某物/某人
③ withdraw from 退出；撤回
④ withdraw a school/one's office 退学/辞职
4．bond n. 纽带；关系；黏合剂 vt.& vi. 增强信任关系；使牢固结合
① bond between A and B A与B的关系/纽带
② bond A and B (together) 把A和B联系在一起
③ bond A to B 把A和B联系在一起
④ bond with sb. 增强与某人的信任关系；建立与某人的互信关系
5．meanwhile adv. 与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下 n．其间；其时
① in the meanwhile(＝in the meantime) 在此期间，与此同时
② for the meanwhile 一会儿；暂时
③ at the same time 同时
6．mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→ merciful adj.仁慈的；宽大的→ merciless adj.无慈悲心的；无情的；残忍的
① have mercy on/upon 对……仁慈
② show mercy to sb. 怜悯某人
③ beg for mercy 乞求宽大
④ without mercy 无情地
⑤ at the mercy of 任……摆布，在……前毫无办法
⑥ be merciful to 对……仁慈
7．possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possess vt.拥有；具有；支配
① in possession of sth. 占有(或拥有)某物
② in the possession of sb. 为某人所有
③ in one's possession 为某人所有
④ gain/get/take/have possession of 占有；拥有；占领
⑤ be possessed of sth. 具有(某种品质或特征)
⑥ be possessed with/by... 被……控制
8．log vt. 把……载入正式记录；记录 n．正式记录；日志；原木
① log into 登录
② log in/on 登录，注册，进入(计算机系统)
③ log sb.in/on 让某人登录，使注册，使进入(计算机系统)
④ log off/out 注销； 退出 (计算机系统)
⑤ log sb.off/out 使注销；使退出(计算机系统)
9．arrest n. 逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止
① arrest sb.for... 因……而逮捕某人
② get arrested... 被逮捕
③ arrest one's attention... 引起某人的注意
④ under arrest 在关押中
⑤ make an arrest 进行拘捕
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. search for 搜索，搜寻
① search sp.for sth. 在某地搜寻某物
② search sb.for sth. 为了某物搜某人身
③ in search of＝in one's search for 搜寻
2. set sail 起航；开航
① set foot on/in 踏上；踏足；踏进
② set about doing sth. 着手做某事
③ set off 出发，动身；点燃，引爆；引发
④ set out 出发，动身；陈述；摆放
⑤ set down 放下；写下，记下
⑥ set up 创建，建立，建起
⑦ set aside 把……放一边；预留出
3. in return for 作为……的报答/交换
① in return(＝in reward) 回报；作为报答
② in turn 因此；因而；反过来；依次；轮流
③ on one's return 某人一回来
④ return sth.to sb.＝return sb.sth. 归还某人某物
⑤ return to... 回到……
4. in hand 在手头；可供使用
① shake hands 握手
② give sb.a hand 帮助某人
③ at hand 在手边；即将到来
④ by hand 用手；靠人工
⑤ hand in hand 手拉手；连在一起的；密切关联
⑥ hand down 传下去
⑦ hand out 分发
⑧ hand over 把……交给
⑨ hand in 上交
5. tell apart 辨别；区分
① take apart 拆开，拆卸
② tear apart 撕毁，撕碎；分开，分裂
③ fall apart 崩溃；散架，瓦解
④ apart from... 除……之外
6. be home to 是……的栖息地/家园；是……的产地/所在地
① at home 在家里；在国内；舒适的，不拘束的
② feel at home 感觉舒适自在
③ make oneself at home 别拘束
7. take action 采取行动；采取措施
① take immediate action 立即采取行动
② take legal action 采取法律手段
③“采取措施”的其他表达： take measures take steps
8. amounts of 许多，大量(接不可数名词)
“许多，大量”的其他表达：
(1)只修饰可数名词复数的： many, a great/good many, a great/large number of, quite a few
(2)只修饰不可数名词的： much, a great/good deal of
(3)既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰可数名词复数的： a lot of, lots of, a quantity of, quantities of, plenty of
以下短语接名词作主语时应注意谓语动词的单复数形式：
Ⅲ.重点句型
1. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.
完成世界的伟大地图是早期文明人民的一种强烈激情。(不定式作主语)
2．In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road .
在古代，中国的丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。(what引导名词性从句)
3．Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures .
来自中国和许多其他地方的商人在这里相遇，商谈贸易，这也导致了对彼此文化的更多认识。(定语从句)
4．Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
几个世纪以来，贸易的进一步发展使更多对中国西部地区的探索活动得以进行，这一点在8世纪杜环的《经行记》中有所记载。(非限制性定语从句)
5. From a scientific point of view , there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。(there is an urgent need to do...)
6．Plastic pollution is also bad, killing many birds and fish , and has even been found in our tap water.
塑料污染也很严重，杀死了许多鸟和鱼，甚至在我们的自来水中被发现。(非谓语作状语)
7. Mining for resources is very damaging, especially in the Arctic.
开采资源是非常有害的，特别是在北极。(非谓语作主语)
8. Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
虽然这在1982年就被禁止了，但一些国家仍然在毫不留情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。(although)
9．We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action .
我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。(so that)
10．Hopefully, as technology improves , we may have more options for managing this balance.
随着技术的进步，我们有望可以有更多的选择来实现这种平衡。(as引导时间状语从句)
时文阅读
新发现：地球最大海草生态系统
(选自www.goodnet.org)
语篇导读：海草床是许多海洋生物重要的育幼地和觅食地。它可以吸收和储存大量的碳，是重要的“蓝碳”资源，对缓解气候危机具有重要作用。据近期报道，在虎鲨的协助下，科学家在巴哈马海域发现了世界上最大的海草生态系统。这一发现使地球已知的海草床总面积增加了40%以上。
Seagrass meadows(海草床) are wonder plants growing beneath the sea.They feed and shelter sea life and are masterful at storing carbon.Thanks to the assistance of tiger sharks, a huge seagrass meadow in the Bahamas Banks was recently discovered, offering the world a tool to fight climate change.
Seagrass has usually been detected by Earth-orbiting satellites that identify darker patches in the blue water.In this study, tiger sharks were selected as research tools due to their highly consistent associations with seagrass ecosystems.They spend 70% of their time in seagrass meadows.The team equipped eight tiger sharks with satellite tags, seven sharks with camera tags, and used a 360-degree camera on a shark for the first time ever.
The data researchers collected was astonishing.The world's largest seagrass ecosystem, measuring at least 66,900 square kilometers, has been discovered.This reflects a 41% increase from previous estimates of global seagrass.Seagrass can capture(捕获) huge quantities of carbon by photosynthesis and stores it on the seafloor.In terms of climate change, this is excellent news; seagrass is 35 times faster at removing carbon than tropical rainforests.When referred to global seagrass carbon stock estimates, the study indicates that seagrass in the Bahamas may contain 19.2% to 26.3% of all the carbon stored in seagrass meadows on Earth.
Yet seagrass meadows are rapidly disappearing, with over 92% of meadows in the UK gone, according to the World Wildlife Fund.Scientists are collecting seeds and trying to grow new seagrass meadows through restoration projects.This new discovery offers optimism and proves the importance of the ocean for healing.
The sharks led us to the seagrass ecosystem in the Bahamas, which we now know is likely the most significant blue carbon sink on the planet.What this discovery shows us is that ocean exploration and research are essential for a healthy future.The untapped potential of the ocean is limitless.These meadows can be protected and can be replicated, offering hope for climate change around the globe.
1.Why were tiger sharks chosen as research tools D
A．They are more flexible than other sea animals.
B．They can quickly adjust themselves to the deep sea.
C．They can be easily equipped with experimental devices.
D．They have a strong connection with seagrass ecosystems.
2.What are the numbers in Paragraph 3 mainly about D
A．The decline of global seagrass meadows.
B．The impact of climate change on sea life.
C．The rapid increase in the amount of carbon on Earth.
D．The potential value of the world's largest seagrass ecosystem.
3.What are scientists doing to protect seagrass A
A．Planting more seagrass meadows.
B．Developing new technology to collect seeds.
C．Mapping the distribution of seagrass meadows.
D．Encouraging people to join in restoration projects.
4.Which could be the best title for the text C
A．The New Way of Removing Carbon
B．The Significance of Ocean Exploration
C．A New Discovery: World's Largest Seagrass Meadow
D．Tiger Sharks: Scientists' Essential Helper to Study Climate
词汇积累
1．Earth-orbiting satellites 地球轨道卫星
2．tag n．(电子)跟踪器
3．huge quantities of 大量的
4．photosynthesis n. 光合作用
5．in terms of 从……的角度；就……而言
6．tropical rainforests 热带雨林
7．refer to 涉及；参考
8．blue carbon sink 蓝色碳汇
9．replicate v. 复制；仿制
知识小百科
1．tiger sharks
虎鲨体呈纺锤形，躯干相当粗壮。其属热带和暖温带沿岸上层大型凶猛鲨，常在河口、港湾活动；夜行性，夜晚至浅水区摄食，白天至深水。性凶猛且贪婪，掠食海洋中的硬骨鱼类、其他鲨鱼、魟、海洋哺乳类、海龟、海鸟等。
2．blue carbon sink
蓝色碳汇一般指海洋碳汇，是指将海洋作为一个特定载体吸收大气中的二氧化碳，并将其固化的过程和机制。海洋是地球系统中最大的碳库，海洋碳库是大气的50倍，陆地生态系统的20倍，全球大洋每年从大气吸收二氧化碳约20亿吨，占全球每年二氧化碳排放量的1/3左右。UNIT 4 SHARING
背景介绍
志愿工作具有志愿性、无偿性、公益性、组织性四大特征。参与志愿工作是在帮助他人、服务社会，同时也是在传递爱心、传播文明。志愿服务可以有效地拉近人与人之间的心灵距离，减少疏远感，对缓解社会矛盾和促进社会稳定有一定的积极作用。
With busy lives, it can be hard to find time to do volunteer work.However, its benefits can be enormous.Volunteering offers vital help to people in need and the community, but the benefits can be even greater for you, the volunteer.
Helping others can help protect your mental and physical health.It can reduce stress, keep you mentally stimulated and provide a sense of purpose.While it is true that the more you volunteer, the more benefits you'll have, volunteering doesn't have to take a huge amount of time out of your busy day.
One of the most well-known benefits of volunteering is the impact on the community.Volunteering allows you to connect with your community and makes it a better place.Even helping out with the smallest tasks can make a real difference to the lives of people, animals, and organizations in need.And volunteering is a two-way street: it can benefit you and your family as much as the cause you choose to help.Devoting your time to volunteering helps you make new friends, expand your network, and boost your social skills.
Volunteering helps reduce the effects of stress, anger, and anxiety.Social contacts with others can have a profound effect on your overall psychological well-being.Nothing relieves stress better than a meaningful connection to another person.
Volunteering helps you stay physically health.Studies have found that those who volunteer have a lower death rate than those who do not.Older volunteers tend to walk more, so they are less likely to develop high blood pressure, and have bette thinking skills.
If you're considering a new career, volunteering can help you get experience in your area of interest and meet people in the field.Even if you're not planning on changing careers, volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice important skills used in the workplace.You might feel it more comfortable to stretch your wings at work once you've gained these skills in a volunteer position first.
Since volunteering is so good for us, for others and for the whole society, why don't we try our best to do it？If every one of us gives our love to others, the world will become much better!
1．What does the author think of volunteering？ C
A．It can make a community more convenient.
B．It can just deal with those small tasks.
C．It can be called a win-win opportunity.
D．It can take up too much of our tinte.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，志愿工作不但对社会有重大影响，而且可以让你和你的家人受益，可以帮助你结交新朋友，扩大你的人际网络，还可以提高你的社会能力，由此可知这是一个双赢的机会。故选C。
2．What are the benefits of doing volunteer work for older volunteer
He/She couldn't easily suffer from high blood pressure and has a sharp mind.
解析：根据倒数第三段中的“Older volunteers tend to walk more, so they are less likely to develop high blood pressure, and have better thinking skills.”可知答案。
词海拾贝
stimulate vt.刺激；鼓励；激励
devote...to... 把……用于……
expand v．扩大，增加；扩展
美句欣赏
While it is true that the more you volunteer, the more benefits you'll have, volunteering doesn't have to take a huge amount of time out of your busy day.(Para.2)
译文：虽然你做志愿(活动)越多就会得到越多的好处是事实，但志愿工作不必让你从忙碌的一天中抽出大量的时间。
无国界医生(Doctors without Borders，缩写是MSF)于1971年12月20日在巴黎成立，是一个由各国专业医学人员组成的国际性的医疗人道救援组织，也是全球最大的独立人道医疗救援组织之一。
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
A)单词拼写
1. parcel n．包裹 vt.裹好；打包
2. jam n．果酱；堵塞
3. mail n．邮件；信件；邮政 vt.邮寄；发电邮给
4. clay n．黏土；陶土
5. chorus n．合唱曲；合唱团 vt.合唱；齐声说
6. cotton n．棉布；棉花
7. tablet n．平板电脑；便笺本；药片
8. rubber n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶
9. washroom n．洗手间；厕所
10. rigid adj.死板的；固执的
11. tube n．管子；管状物
12. circus n．马戏团
13. chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房
14. shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗 n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
15. jaw n．颌；下巴
16. wrinkle vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n．皱纹
17. forehead n．额；前额
18. platform n．平台；站台；舞台
19. saucer n．茶碟；杯托
20. kettle n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶
21. pan n．平底锅；烤盘
22. ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的
23. drag vt.拖；拽 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移
B)词形转换
1. secondary adj.中学的；次要的→ secondarily adv.在第二，其次，在第二位
2. dust n．沙土；灰土 vi.& vt.擦灰→ dusty adj.布满灰尘的
3. weed n．杂草；野草 vi.& vt.除杂草→ weeder n.除草者
4. dust n．沙土；灰土 vi.& vt.擦灰→ dusty adj.布满灰尘的
5. housing n．住房；住宅→ house v．给……提供住房；收藏；安置
Ⅱ.高频短语
1. be greeted by 受……欢迎
2. secondary to 仅次于
3. at home and abroad 国内外
4. be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事
5. adapt to 适合
6. get the most out of 充分利用
7. a chorus of 齐声；异口同声
8. not to mention 更不用说；且不说
9．be relevant to 和……相关
10．participate in 参加
11．upside down 颠倒的
12．up to 一直到；相当于；忙于……，在做……；由……决定的
13．dry out 变干
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when ，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!
有一天，我正在给男孩子们做一个化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就冒出试管，溅了一地。
2．Last weekend I made my first visit to a remote village, home to one of our students , Tombe.
上周末，我第一次去了一个偏远的村庄，那里住着我们的一个学生，汤贝。
3．Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below.
另一个老师和我走了两个半小时到那儿——我们先爬上山，在那儿欣赏了优美的风景，然后沿一条荫蔽的小路到了下面的山谷。
4．I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language, even though I could not participate much in the conversation.
我喜欢听他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言交谈，尽管我不能过多地加入他们的谈话。
5．Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire .
后来，我注意一个罐子倒置在火上方的烤架上。
Ⅳ.课文解读
Step 1 Fast-reading
1．What's the main idea of the passage D
A．Jo went to a bush school to visit friends.
B．Introduction of a bush school.
C．Introduction of Tombe's home in the village.
D．Jo's experience as a volunteer in the bush.
2．Read the passage and match the main idea of each part. BCA
Part 1(Para.1) A．Jo and another teacher visited Tombe's home in the village.
Part 2(Paras.2－3) B．Getting mail from home made Jo feel nice.
Part 3(Paras.4－8) C．The school where Jo worked and Jo's work at school.
Step 2 Careful reading
(Ⅰ)Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)．
1．It took Jo about 5 weeks to get her mail from her home.( F )
2．All the students live very close to the school.( F )
3．Jo has to carry water from the basin in her house if she needs it to do experiment in school.( T )
4．Jo could barely understand Tombe's family talking during her visit.( T )
(Ⅱ) Choose the best answer.
1．The purpose of the author in writing the blog is A .
A．to tell us her teaching life in the bush school as a volunteer
B．to tell us her learning life in the bush school as a volunteer
C．to tell us that she couldn't get any money by teaching the poor students
D．to tell us how happy she was in the small village
2．In a chemistry experiment the boys jumped out of the windows because they A .
A．were frightened by the bubbling mixture
B．couldn't stand the terrible smell of the mixture
C．didn't like doing chemistry experiments
D．knew chemistry was not relevant to them
3．Which of the descriptions is NOT true about Tombe's house C
A．It was a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof.
B．It was dark and there was a fireplace in the centre of it.
C．It was low and round，with no windows and a big doorway.
D．There were only a few possessions in it.
4．By writing “The only possessions I could see were...”， the author wants to tell us D .
A．Tombe's family were kind-hearted
B．Tombe's family were guest-lovers
C．Tombe's family only used simple things
D．Tombe's family were very poor
5．How did Jo feel after the visit to Tombe's family A
A．Happy. B．Sad.
C．Worried. D．Upset.
重 点 单 词
1.secondary adj.中学的；次要的
D?典型例句
Raising animals was only secondary to other forms of farming.
与其他农业生产相对而言，动物饲养只是副业。
More than five thousand secondary school students have been expelled for cheating.
5 000多名中学生因为作弊被开除。
S?思维拓展
secondary to sth. 仅次于……
secondary teachers 中学教师
the secondary curriculum中学课程
secondarily adv.在第二，其次，在第二位
second adv.以第二名；以第二位；(用于列举)第二，其次；n.秒(时间单位)；片刻；瞬间；秒(角度单位)
J?即学即练
完成句子
①That is just a secondary consideration .
那只不过是次要的因素。
②Experience is what matters─age is of secondary importance .
重要的是经验——年龄是次要的。
单句语法填空
③Their clothing is primarily functional and only secondarily(secondary) decorative.
④These patients had been operated on for the primary cancer but there was evidence of secondary (second) tumours.
⑤It only takes me forty seconds (second) to finish reading this text.
⑥Appearance and style should be secondary (second) to comfort and function.
2.shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗 n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
D?典型例句
There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
那儿没有树荫，因为那些树不超过三英尺高。
She raised her body to shade her child from being hurt.
她用身体护住了孩子，使其免遭伤害。
S?思维拓展
in the shade(of...)在(……的)阴凉处
shade...from/against...为……挡住……
put sb./sth. in the shade使某人或事物黯然失色；使相形见绌
I tried hard but her work put mine in the shade.
我费了很大力气，但我的成果与她的相比就相形见绌了。
Y?易混辨析
shade与shadow
shade “阴凉处”，指光线照射不到的地方，是一个空间概念
shadow “阴暗处，影子”，指某物/人在光线照射下的投影，是一个平面概念
J?即学即练
选词填空(shade/shadow)
①Some villagers were resting themselves in the shade .
②She was frightened to death when she saw the shadow of a man in the window.
单句语法填空
③We sat in the shade and observed ants carry food in the yard.
④Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.
⑤I had to wear my sunglasses to shade my eyes from the light.
3.drag vt.拖；拽 vt.& vi. 缓慢而费力地移动
D?典型例句
The girl in low spirits dragged a big box to the station.
那个情绪低落的女孩拖着大箱子朝车站走去。
The man dragged his tired feet home.
这个男人拖着沉重的步子回家。
S?思维拓展
drag on过得很慢；拖沓地进行
drag oneself out of bed硬撑着从床上爬起来
drag sb.into doing sth.硬拉某人做某事
You'd better not drag him into climbing the mountain.
你最好别硬拉他去爬山。
Y?易混辨析
drag，pull与draw
drag 费力缓慢而艰难地拉、拖较重的物体
pull 朝一定方向拉，可指突然急速地拉，但不强调力的大小
draw 从容地拉、拖，也用于吸引注意力等
Q?巧学助记
He was dragging a heavy box.
他正吃力地拖着一个沉重的箱子。
The injured tiger dragged itself forward.
受伤的老虎缓慢前行。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①He arrived at school early in the morning, dragging (drag)his heavy instrument case across the campus.
②Once she starts playing a video game, she can't drag herself (her) away from it.
③He hated parties; we had to drag him into going (go)．
④When we are waiting for someone，the hours dragged on .
4.privilege n．优惠待遇；特权
D?典型例句
It is a privilege to work with you.
与你合作是一种殊荣。
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)I feel much privileged to invite you to our program for a live talk show.
我很荣幸邀请您参加我们的节目，参加现场脱口秀。
S?思维拓展
(1)have the privilege of doing/to do sth.有做某事的特权或荣幸
It's a/one's privilege to do sth.做某事是特权或荣幸。
(2)privilege vt.给予……特权，有特权
(3)privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的
be privileged to do sth. 荣幸地做某事
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①I'll feel privileged (privilege) to be your guide during the visit.
②It'll be our great privilege to benefit (benefit) from your expertise in health care.
完成句子
③ It's my great privilege to be here, sharing this moment with our fellow friends from Germany.
我很荣幸在这里与来自德国的朋友们分享这一时刻。
重 点 短 语
1.be dying to do极想做，渴望做
D?典型例句
We're dying to visit Hainan Island, located in the south of China.
我们非常想去位于中国南部的海南岛。
They are dying to take possession of the bakery.
他们渴望拥有那家面包店。
S?思维拓展
(1)“渴望做某事”的其他表达法：
be thirsty for.../to do...
be eager for.../to do...
be anxious for.../to do...
long for.../long to do...
be dying for...
(2)die of/from sth.死于……
die away(声、光、风)渐弱，逐渐消失
die down(火、暴风雨、光)渐弱，平息，渐息
die out完全消失，灭绝
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①After being away from home for a long time, she was dying for home.
②I'm dying to drink (drink) a glass of water.
③How many millions of years ago did this predatory dinosaur live, and when did it die out
④400 people a year die of this disease on average.
⑤I have been longing to play (play) golf with you since we last met.
补全句子
⑥The prime minister is dying/eager/anxious to (渴望) get rid of the violence in his country.
2.(be) up to做；忙于；从事于；多达；达到(数量/规格)；胜任；直到……为止；取决于，由……决定；是……的责任
D?典型例句
(2023·全国乙卷)I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.
为了在10分钟的时间内拍摄，我走了四个小时的路。
Up to now, the merchant is so occupied that he hasn't been to the monument.
到目前为止，这个商人一直很忙，还没去过纪念碑。
What are you up to this weekend if the press conference is cancelled
如果记者招待会取消了，这个周末你打算做什么？
It is up to the government to cut taxes.
削减税收取决于政府。
John is not up to the job. Meanwhile, Tom has the capacity to do it well.
约翰无法胜任这份工作。相比之下，汤姆有能力做好它。
S?思维拓展
be up to doing sth.胜任做某事；正在忙于做某事
be up to sb.由某人决定
be up to sb. to do sth.由某人决定做某事
up to now到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用)
up to date最新式的；现代的
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①Up to now, the result should have been declared.
②The news you told me was out of date but you thought it was up to date.
③It's up to you whether we accept the present or not.
④Some study rooms are for 2～3 people and others can hold up to 6～8 people.
补全句子
⑤ Up to two hundred people (达到两百人) withdrawing from the village were in danger.
⑥The statistics in this telephone directory are up to date (最新的)．
⑦ It's up to you (这取决于你) to negotiate the deal.
3.not to mention更不用说；且不说
D?典型例句
He doesn't even love his own children, not to mention others.
他连自己的孩子都不爱，更不要说别人了。
Ade is handsome and smart, not to mention being a good athlete.
艾德既英俊又聪明，而且是个好运动员。
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)It seemed that the runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a heart disease.
对于小孩子来说，跑道似乎非常长，更不用说患有心脏病的孩子了。
S?思维拓展
(1)“更不用说”的其他表达法：
to say nothing of/not to speak of/needless to say/much less/let alone
(2)其他常见的to do作插入语
to be honest/frank/brief诚实/坦率/简单地说
to tell the truth实话说
to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是
to begin with首先
to conclude总之
to sum up总之
to put it another way换种说法
to put it simply简单地说
J?即学即练
完成句子
① To be frank/To speak frankly ，I don't quite agree with you.
坦白地说，我不太同意你的意见。
② To tell the truth , you are not yet qualified for the job.
老实说，你还不能胜任这个工作。
③ To sum up/To conclude , we've achieved a lot, but we still need to work harder.
总之，我们取得了不少成绩，但还需要进一步努力。
一句多译
这种动物在世界任何地方都是罕见的更不用说在中国了。
④This kind of animal is rare anywhere in the world, let alone/much less in China.
＝This kind of animal is rare anywhere in the world, not to mention/needless to say in China.
＝This kind of animal is rare anywhere in the world, to say nothing of/not to speak of in China.
4.adapt (oneself) to (使自己)适应……
D?典型例句
As a marine biologist, he must adapt to life at sea.
作为一名海洋生物学家，他必须适应海上生活。
I have adapted myself to this profession, afraid of nothing.
我已经适应了这个职业，无所畏惧。
S?思维拓展
(1)adapt oneself to使自己适应……
adapt... to do...调整……以做……
(2)adapt...from根据……改编……
adapt...for把……改写/改编成……
be adapted from由……改编
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①What kind of difficulty will Mary and her sister have adapting to the new environment
②The new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.
补全句子
③If you're outgoing, it is very easy for you to adapt to (适应) the new environment while studying abroad.
5.be relevant to与……有关
D?典型例句
The foundation of the organization was not directly relevant to charity.
这个组织的成立与慈善事业没有直接关系。
S?思维拓展
“与……有关”的其他表达：
be related to
be linked to/with
be involved in
be associated/connected with
have something to do with
In this country near the equator, much of the crime is related to drug abuse.
在这个靠近赤道的国家，许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①In the exams, make sure that everything you write is relevant to the questions you have been asked.
②I don't think what he said is related (relate) to what we are discussing.
③Exposure to the sun too much is closely linked to/with skin cancer.
④I have nothing to do with the accident，which was caused by his carelessness.
6.make a difference有影响，起(重要)作用
D?典型例句
Tomorrow they will set sail for the United States for further study, which will make a big difference to their life.
明天他们将启程前往美国继续深造，这将对他们的人生有重大影响。
(2021·浙江卷)“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference，” David Bond says.
“仅仅在户外再待5分钟就会有所改变，”大卫·邦德说。
S?思维拓展
make a big/a lot of difference (to)(对……)有很大的影响/作用
make some/no difference (to)(对……)有些影响/没有作用
make all the difference (to)(对……)关系重大/有很大影响
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①It makes no difference to me whether you come or not.
②A few kind words at the right time make all the difference (different)．
补全句子
③Whether his charity really makes a difference (产生影响) to the world, only time will tell.
重 点 句 型
1.The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!
有一天，我正在给男孩子们做一个化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就冒出试管，溅了一地。
J?句式分析
(1)本句为“was/were doing＋when＋一般过去时”句式，意为“正在做……就在这时……”；when为并列连词，意为“正在这时”。
I was doing my homework when my mother came back home.
我正在写作业，这时妈妈回家了。
The children were playing football on the playground when it began to rain.
孩子们正在操场上踢足球，这时下起了雨。
S?思维拓展
be about to do...when...(某人)正要做……这时(突然)……
had just done...when...刚做完……正在这时……
I was about to go out when Tom came in.
我正要出去，这时汤姆进来了。
She had just washed all clothes when her son fell into a pond.
她刚洗完所有的衣服，这时她的儿子掉进了一个小池塘。
(2)本句中before用作连词，意思是“在……之前；还没来得及……就”。
Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
不要高兴得过早。(如意算盘别打得太早。)
Before she could move，she heard a great noise，which grew to a terrible roar.
她还没来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。
Before I could say a word, she had stormed out of the room.
不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。
S?思维拓展
before还可以用于：
(1)It＋be＋时间段＋before...句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”。
It will be five years before I come back.
我五年后才能回来。
(2)如果主句中用否定式，则表示“不久就……”。
It won't be long before they understand each other.
他们不久就会互相了解的。
It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.
不久之后，敌人就被赶走了。
(3)“趁……(还没有)”之意。
They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.
他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。
Do it before you forget it.
趁早动手，以免忘了。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
②The girl had hardly rung the bell before/when the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.
完成句子
③I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.
当我正想要放弃的时候，我爸爸过来鼓励我继续下去。
④I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl was knocked down by a passing car.
在去书店的路上，我正在十字路口等绿灯，突然一个小女孩被一辆过往车辆撞倒了。
⑤There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
在我们准备好长久待在月球上之前还有很多问题需要解决。
⑥She had learned/learnt about 3,000 words before she came to China.
来到中国之前，她已经学习了大约3 000个单词。
2.Last weekend I made my first visit to a remote village, home to one of our students, Tombe.
上周末，我第一次去了一个偏远的村庄，那里住着我们的一个学生，汤贝。
J?句式分析
home to one of our students作 a remote village的同位语，Tombe作one of our students的同位语。
S?思维拓展
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。
Mr.Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开；如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。
He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他告诉我他的哥哥约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr.James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。
同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动，特别是球类运动。
J?即学即练
完成句子
① We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
②Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's .
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。
3.Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below.
另一个老师和我走了两个半小时到那儿——我们先爬上山，在那儿欣赏了优美的风景，然后沿一条荫蔽的小路到了下面的山谷。
J?句式分析
(1)句子结构分析：
(2)句中的from where we had fantastic views为定语从句，引导词为from where，为“介词＋关系副词”结构。此结构中的where根据情况可换为when。该结构中的介词可用from，by，since等。
I have bought that house，from where I can enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge.
我买下了那栋房子，从房子那儿可以欣赏到杨浦大桥的美景。
Our family came to Shenzhen and settled in 1985，since when we have lived there.
我们家1985年来到深圳定居，从此我们一直住在那儿。
M?名师点津
from which中的which指的是一个地点名词；from where中的where指的是一个地点状语。
J?即学即练
完成句子
①China is the birth place of kites, from where kite-flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
中国是风筝的故乡，风筝从那里传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。
②The car stopped suddenly only a few inches from where I stood.
那辆小汽车就在离我站的地方仅几英寸处忽然停下了。
③She went to America two years ago, since when I haven't heard from her any more.
她两年前去了美国，自那以后我再也没收到她的来信。
④The baby is due in May, by when the new house will have been finished.
孩子的预产期是五月份，那时新房子应该竣工了。
4.I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language, even though I could not participate much in the conversation.
我喜欢听家人用他们的语言轻声交谈，尽管我不能过多地参与交谈。
J?句式分析
even though“即使；尽管”，在此句中引导让步状语从句，相当于even if。
S?思维拓展
(1)本句是一个主从复合句，其中even though用来引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使”，相当于even if。若主句与从句皆表示将来的情况， even if/though引导的从句中可用一般现在时代替将来时。
We have decided to visit the museum even if/though it rains tomorrow.
即使下雨，我们也决定明天去参观博物馆。
Don't quit English even if/though you are not interested in it.
即使你对它不感兴趣，也不要放弃英语。
(2)让步状语从句引导词还有：
·常用引导词：though, although, 疑问词＋ever, no matter＋疑问词
·特殊引导词：as(从句必须倒装), while(一般用在句首)
No matter how/However they slander us, we will never give in.
不管他们怎样诽谤我们，我们决不让步。
Hard as/though he studies, he makes little progress.
＝While he studies hard, he makes little progress.
尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。
J?即学即练
完成句子
①Nowadays, even if/though the travel company offers good service , tourists are more interested in self-driving tours.
现在，虽然旅游公司提供优质服务，但是游客们对自驾游更感兴趣。
② Even if/though he knows it , he'll not let out the secret.
即使知道这个秘密，他也不会泄露的。
5.Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.
后来，我注意到一个罐子倒置在火上方的烤架上。
J?句式分析
本句是一个简单句。句中含有一个感官动词的复合结构，standing upside down on the grill over the fire 为现在分词短语作宾语补足语；常用于本结构的感官动词有notice，see，hear, feel, find等。
We were so happy that we didn't notice the water rising.
我们如此高兴以至于没注意到水位在上升。
I looked over my shoulder and saw the lady holding the quilt tightly.
我越过肩头看到那个女士正紧紧地抱着棉被。
Suddenly, I found myself facing a difficult situation.
突然，我发现我自己正面临着一个困难的处境。
J?即学即练
完成句子
①From inside the store, I could see the people outside rushing by .
从商店里面，我可以看到外面的人们正匆匆走过。
②I noticed him sitting there alone in the room at that time.
那时我注意到他正独自坐在房间里。
③The driver found himself trapped in a big morass.
司机发现自己被困在一个巨大的泥潭里。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.They dragged (拖，拽) the fallen tree to clear of the road.
2.Do you want to eat this leftover (剩下的) pizza for dinner
3．The lines on her forehead (前额) had deepened.
4．He paced nervously up and down on the platform (月台)．
5．The skin on her cheeks and around her eyes was beginning to wrinkle (起皱纹)．
6．This kind of silk clothing should be dried in the shade (阴凉处)．
7．You must collect the mail (邮件) in person and take along some form of identification.
8．I am going to take the parcel (包裹) to the post office this afternoon.
9．The report deserves (值得) careful consideration.
10．I had the privilege (特权) of meeting the queen.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The famous chemist (chemistry) won the Nobel Prize.
2.We are waiting for the first crops to ripen (ripe)．
3.Clean the dusty (dust) windows before you move out.
4.Employers are being encouraged to hire disabled (disable) workers.
5.We haven't received his resignation (resign) yet.
6.Poor housing (house) and family stress can affect both physical and mental health.
7.His suggestion deserves discussing/to be discussed (discuss)．
8.Everything there is made of bamboo.
9.We have gradually adapted ourselves to the hot weather.
10.Your age shouldn't make any difference to whether you get the job or not.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.She went to see a doctor on Monday, since when she's been better .
她星期一去看了医生，从那时起她的病情好转了。(介词＋关系副词)
2. I was walking in the park when a stranger with a smile came up to me.
我正在公园里散步，这时一个微笑着的陌生人向我走来。(be doing ...when...)
3.Tombe's father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead , led us to his house, a low, round bamboo hut with no windows, with a door just big enough to get through and with grass sticking out of the roof .
汤贝的父亲穆卡普下巴结实，额头布满皱纹，他带我们去了他的房子，那是一间低矮的圆形竹屋，没有窗户，只有一扇刚好能让人通过的门，屋顶上还长着草。(同位语， with复合结构)
4. Even though the man had a smile on his face , the old lady was worried.
尽管老人脸上挂着微笑，老太太却很担心。(even though)
5. I noticed her urging him to take action .
我注意到她在催促他采取行动。(notice＋宾语＋宾补)
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
I am volunteering in a bush school and I have adapted myself 1.to the hard conditions here, though I doubt 2.whether I'm making any difference to these boys’ lives at all. Every day when I arrive at school，I 3.am greeted (greet) by a chorus of “good morning”from the students.
4.The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment 5.when the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube 6.spilling (spill) everywhere! The boys were so frightened. Last weekend I made my first visit to Tombe's house. It was dark inside and it took some time for our eyes 7.to adjust (adjust). We 8.ate (eat) inside the hut sitting round the fire and talking. 9.Luckily (luck), Tombe interpreted for us. After the meal, the leftover food was dried out in a can and thrown out.
We left the village the next morning after many good-byes and firm handshakes. My muscles were aching as we dragged 10.ourselves (we) down the mountain towards home.Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
短 语
英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如，名词短语与名词功能相似，在句中主要充当主语、宾语；介词短语主要充当定语、状语、补语。
He failed to get the first prize in the match.
他在比赛中没有获得一等奖。
在这个句子中the first prize是名词短语，in the match是介词短语。
一、名词短语(NP)
名词短语的构成： (限定词)＋(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语)。在句中当作名词用， 一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
(2022·全国甲卷) Sometime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia.(作主语)
20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)A guide led us to the strawberry field. (作宾语)
一名向导领着我们到了草莓地。
Many people including doctors，nurses and scientists are real heroes. (作表语)
很多人， 包括医生、护士和科学家是真正的英雄。
注意：名词与介词的固定搭配
名词＋to key，answer，visit，apology，introduction，attitude，monument，devotion等
名词＋in interest，expert等
名词＋on congratulations，effect等
[点津]名词短语中的限定词
在名词短语的“构成”中， 限定词包括冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this，that，these，those等)、物主代词(my，your，his，her，our，their等)和不定代词(some，no，neither，both等)。
二、动词短语(VP)
动词短语是由以实意动词为中心词，后加宾语或状语构成。其构成形式较灵活，是一种自由词组。
Experts said the vaccine has undergone proper testing and is safe.
专家说疫苗已经经过充分测试， 是安全的。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills.
她的丈夫做两份工作来还账单。
短语动词(phrasal verbs)是一种固定的词组，通常以动词为中心，由动词加副词或介词构成。英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义上来判定其释义，很多时候应根据具体语境判断它们的意义。有的短语动词相当于及物动词，有的则相当于不及物动词。
1．短语动词的构成
(1)动词＋副词
clear away清除掉 put away收起 die away消失 call back回电话 look back回顾 walk back走回 break down出故障 calm down平静下来 get down咽下 come up上来 blow up爆炸 turn up出现 show off炫耀 give off散发 take off脱下 break out发生 blow out吹灭 run out 用完
Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their new life journey.
传统上，大学生在开始他们新的人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。
Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.
无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。
[点津]“动词＋副词”搭配构成的短语，其宾语若为代词，应放在动词与副词中间。如put it on，think it over。
(2)动词＋介词
bring about引起 look about 环顾四周 seek for寻找 burst into闯入 turn into使变成 look into调查 see to处理 devote to贡献给 deal with处理 glance at匆匆一瞥 work at从事，致力于 aim at向……瞄准 differ from与……不同 result from由于
insist on坚持 rely on依靠 bring in引进 hope for希望得到 combine with联合 lead to导致，通向 set about着手
I'm so glad you've come here to see to this matter in person.
我很高兴你亲自来这里处理此事。
You look well.The air and the seafood in Sanya must agree with you，I suppose.
你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。
(3)动词＋副词＋介词
add up to总计 keep away from不靠近 look down on/upon轻视 keep up with赶上 make up for弥补 get on with相处 get close to接近 get out of逃避，避免 do away with废除 do well in在……干得好 put up with忍受 catch up with赶上 look up to仰望，尊敬 run out of用完 look forward to期望 go on with继续 get down to认真开始 break away from脱离，放弃
He will have to find some other work，for he can't put up with this loud noise any more.
他必须找其他工作，因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。
A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means.
一个好的演讲者应该让听众明白他所表达的意思。
(4)动词＋名词＋介词
catch sight of看见，瞥见 make use of利用 pay attention to注意 make sense of理解 take notice of注意到 take the place of代替 take part in参加 take pride in为……自豪 take advantage of利用 make room for为……腾出空间 keep up with与……保持联系
James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.
为给电视机腾出空间，詹姆斯把杂志从这张小桌子上拿走了。
[点津]短语动词使用时须注意的几点
(1)在短语动词中，副词可以放在动词宾语前或后。但是如果宾语是代词，则应放在动词和副词之间。
The young lovers have been trying to put some money aside for their marriage ceremony.
这对年轻的恋人一直努力存钱以备举行婚礼时用。
He has put aside a little money for a rainy day.
他存了一点钱以备不时之需。
When you do not understand a new word，you can look it up in this dictionary.
当你不理解新单词的时候，你可以查字典。
This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem.
这种方法相当新，你可以试着用它去解决那个难题。
(2)在带有介词的短语动词中，介词的宾语总是紧随其后的。
We have brought in a good harvest for three years.
我们已经连续三年获得了丰收。
We've just come across an old friend we haven't seen for ages.
我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。
Please keep away from the scene of the accident before the police come.
在警察来之前，请远离事故现场。
The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holiday.
经理要求大家国庆假期之后开始专心工作。
(3)有些短语动词后并不需要跟宾语，这时它们相当于不及物动词。
Mr Wang's new car broke down and he had to go to work by bike again.
王先生的新汽车坏了，他不得不又骑自行车去上班。
The crowd broke up after the football games.
足球比赛结束后，人们四处散开。
(4)①同一动词，后面跟不同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语动词。
break down坏了；出故障 break up拆散；解体；驱散 break in闯入；插话 break off忽然停止讲话；断绝 break out爆发；逃出 break through冲破；突破；战胜
②不同的动词，后面跟上相同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语。
make up组成；构成；弥补；编造；化妆
show up出席；露面；揭露
hold up举起来；阻塞；耽搁；抑制感情
set up创立；建立；树立；资助
put up提出；举起；建造
take up拿起；举起；开始(某)活动
(5)一些短语动词，具有多种释义，需要根据全句语境对它们作出恰当理解。
Hurry up，children！The plane will take off very soon.(起飞)
快点，孩子们！飞机很快就要起飞了。
After entering the room，he took off his coat.(脱下)
进入房间后，他脱下了外套。
The boss told him that he would take two weeks off in November.(休假)
老板告诉他，11月他会有两个星期的假。
The woman broke down when someone told her that her mother was dead.(崩溃)
当有人告诉那个女人她妈妈死了的时候，她崩溃了。
Interrupted by hackers，the computer system of that company has broken down.(瘫痪)
由于黑客的干扰，那家公司的电脑系统瘫痪了。
Negotiations between the boss and workers have broken down.(失败)
老板和工人之间的谈判失败了。
(6)短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词或副词。
It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown.
据说一个新的火车站将在我的家乡建起来。
The baby is being taken care of by his grandmother.
这个婴儿正由他祖母照顾。
Such a strange story has never been heard of.
这样奇怪的事情还从没有听说过。
注意：动词与介词的固定搭配
动词＋about speak，talk，think，worry等
动词＋for answer，call，apply，beg，care，charge，hunt，hope，wish，long，search，seek等
动词＋at aim，call，glare，glance，knock，laugh，point，stare等
动词＋from date，differ，hear，keep，stop，prevent，learn，protect，result，separate，suffer等
动词＋of approve，complain，consist，die，dream，think等
动词＋on call，carry，depend，feed，insist，pass，try，rely等
动词＋in break，call，cut，drop，fill，get，hand，join，persist，result，succeed等
动词＋into burst，change，divide等
动词＋to agree，attend，belong，compare，devote，lead，object，point，refer，reply等
三、形容词短语(AdjP)
形容词短语的构成：(副词)＋形容词＋(介词短语)。 在句中当作形容词用， 可以修饰名词或代词， 还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
(2020· 天津高考)I have found you charming and intelligent. (作宾语补足语)
我发现你很有魅力， 很聪明。
A Chinese painting show is always attractive. (作表语)
国画展总是很有吸引力。
注意：形容词与介词的固定搭配
形容词＋at angry，mad，good，bad，clever，surprised，excited，disappointed等
形容词＋of afraid，frightened，ashamed，aware，convinced，short，sick，tired，sure，certain，full，fond，proud，worthy等
形容词＋with angry，connected，content，familiar，generous，gentle，patient，pleased，popular，satisfied，strict等
形容词＋in weak，different，rich，interested，successful，absorbed，disappointed，experienced，confident等
形容词＋to good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，close，similar，familiar等
形容词＋for sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry，responsible等
形容词＋about sorry，anxious，careless，certain，curious，enthusiastic，particular，optimistic等
四、副词短语(AdvP)
副词短语的构成：(副词)＋副词。在句中当作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)He is so humorous，responsible and selfless that I respect and love him very much.
他如此幽默、负责任、无私以至于我非常尊重并喜欢他。
Equally importantly，we should develop a good habit of living.
同样重要的是， 我们应该养成一种良好的生活习惯。
五、介词短语(PreP)
介词短语的构成： 介词＋宾语。能充当介词后宾语的主要有名词、宾格代词、动词的-ing形式等。在句中作表语、定语或状语。
The world's population is likely to peak at 9.7 billion in 2064. (作状语)
世界人口可能会在2064年达到97亿的峰值。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Thanks to his efforts in epidemic prevention and control，our neighborhood has been in a good state. (作表语)
幸亏他在疫情防控方面做的努力， 才使得我们社区状况良好。
六、短语的句法功能须注意的几点
(1)介词短语作定语时要后置
The boy under the tree is Tom.
树下的那个男孩是汤姆。
The tallest boy in our class is John.
我们班最高的那个男孩是约翰。
(2)单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
A car worth $ 80,000 is not too dear for him to buy.
对他来讲，买一辆价值八万美元的车不算太贵。
At three，she was taller than playmates seven or eight years old.
她三岁时已高于一些七八岁的玩伴。
The Smiths need a car garage twice larger than this one.
史密斯夫妇需要一个比这个大两倍的车库。
He has booked the seats farthest from the door on the train for us.
他已经为我们预订了火车上离车门最远的座位。
语法专题练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. I suggest that you think about it very carefully (careful)．
2.Mary and Jane are quite different (difference)．
3.He spoke too quickly (quick) for me to understand.
4.It really (real) works very well.
5.Could you say it more slowly (slow)
6.The war killed millions (million)of people.
7.Our holidays in Hangzhou were really enjoyable (enjoy) and unforgettable.
8.The woman is working silently (silence) in the room.
Ⅱ.判断下文中黑体部分的短语类型
A well-known old man( NP ) was being interviewed( VP ) and was asked if it was really correct( AdjP ) that he had just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday( NP )．“That's very right( AdjP )，”said the old man.“Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy( NP ) in the world( PrepP ). They're all dead.” “Well, sir，” said the interviewer( NP )，“I hope very much( AdvP )to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday( NP )．”The old man looked at the young man very closely( AdvP ), and said，“I can't see( VP ) why you shouldn't. You look fit and healthy! And aren't you strong enough( AdjP )？”
Ⅲ.语法主题应用
根据提示翻译下列语段。
上周日，我们所在的志愿者小组到汽车站(PrepP)参加了一次服务活动。一到车站，我们就受到了热烈的欢迎(NP)；有的同学打扫候车室(VP)，有的为旅客提供信息、搬运行李(VP)等；虽然很累，但是我们感到很开心(AdjP)。最为重要的是(AdvP)，我们能够为他人做些事情。
参考范文：
Last Sunday, our volunteer group took part in a voluntary activity at the bus station (PrepP)．On arriving there, we were given a warm welcome(NP). Some students cleaned the waiting room(VP) while the others offered the passengers the information they needed and carried the luggage(VP) for them. Although we were tired, we felt very happy (AdjP). Most importantly(AdvP), we can do something for others.Section Ⅲ Using Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
A)单词拼写
1. input n．情况；信息；投入；输入 vt.输入
2. tune n．曲调；曲子 vt.调音；调节；调频道
3. circuit n．巡回；环形路线
4. capsule n．胶囊；太空舱
5. relay vt.转发；转播 n．接力赛；接班的人
6. pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷
B)词形转换
1. contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同；契约→ contractual adj.合同的，契约的；按合同(或契约)规定的→ contractor n．承包人；承包商；承包公司
2. disability n．缺陷；障碍→ disabled adj.残疾的，有缺陷的
3. consultation n．咨询；咨询会→ consult vt.查阅；商量；向……请教
4. criterion n．标准；准则；原则→ criteria [复数]
5. stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→ stable adj.稳定的，牢固的；稳重的，沉稳的；持久的→ stably adv.稳固地；稳定地；安定地
Ⅱ.高频短语
1. take(...) for granted 认为(……)理所当然；对(……)不予重视
2. relay to 转达给……；转发给……
3. pray that 但愿
4. be tune with 与……协调
5．in need of 需要
6．appeal to 呼吁；上诉；要求；对……有吸引力
7．be engaged in 参与；从事于；忙于
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Why help people overseas when China has many areas that are still in need of development
既然中国许多地区仍然需要发展，为什么要帮助外国人民呢？
2．And, while the country is quite beautiful and has much natural wealth, many of the people are quite poor and live without things we take for granted...
而且，虽然这个国家非常美丽，自然资源丰富，但很多人很穷，生活中没有我们认为理所当然的东西……
3．Prior to this, if a Tanzanian had a heart condition and needed surgery, they would have to go abroad.
在这之前，坦桑尼亚人若患有心脏疾病需要做手术，他们必须出国才行。
4．Now, not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital, but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.
现在，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了医院的帮助，邻国的人民也得到了帮助。
5. Now that I understand how important my mother's work is, I've decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands.
既然我明白了我母亲的工作是多么重要，我决定自己成为一名志愿者，帮助其他地区的人们。
Ⅳ.课文解读
(Ⅰ)Read the passage and match the main idea of each paragraph. EBDCA
Paras. 1－2 A．Call on others to do the same.
Para.3 B．It is a personal question for the author.
Para.4 C．How the author changed her opinion.
Para.5 D．How the author felt when her mother first left.
Para.6 E．Whether it is worthwhile to help other countries.
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answer.
1．What is the function of the second paragraph B
A．To explain how China helps other countries.
B．To introduce the topic of the speech.
C．To show where Chinese workers are.
D．To praise the contributions China has made.
2．What does the speaker use to get her message across A
A．A personal story.
B．Facts and data.
C．A hypothetical example.
D．Other people's experiences.
3．What does“singing a different tune”(Para.5) probably mean C
A．Learning a foreign song.
B．Imitating others.
C．Having a different opinion.
D．Feeling very happy.
4．What is the author most proud of as a Chinese D
A．Her love for her motherland.
B．Her hard work at school.
C．Her bond with her mother.
D．Assistance to others.
重 点 单 词
1.resign vt. & vi.辞职；辞去
D?典型例句
He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
他从这家公司辞职以便能够从事更有挑战性的工作。
He has, by submitting his resignation, expressed his unhappiness with the government's decision.
他通过递交辞呈以表明对政府决定的不满。
You have 24 hours to enter into peace talks, or I shall resign.
你有24小时的时间进入和平谈判，否则我就辞职。——《至暗时刻》
S?思维拓展
resign one's job/post/position辞去工作/职位
resign from辞职
resign oneself to(doing) sth. 顺从……；使自己安于(做)某事
resign as...辞去当……的职务
resign...to...把……托付给……
You must resign yourself to waiting a bit longer.
你只好耐心多等一会儿了。
She resigned from the committee.
→She resigned as a member of the committee.
她辞去了委员会的职务。
She resigned her baby to the care of her neighbor.
她把她的宝宝托付给了邻居照看。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①Will you resign from the company if they ask you to
②She resigned as chairperson and handed over to a younger colleague.
③His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned (resign)．
④Our teacher encourages us not to resign ourselves (us) to our fate.
2.deserve v．应受；值得；应得
D?典型例句
Being always late for class, the boy deserves punishment.
→Being always late for class, the boy deserves punishing.
→Being always late for class, the boy deserves to be punished.
这个男孩上课总是迟到，应该受到惩罚。
He deserves to win the game because he has been well prepared for it.
他应该赢得这场比赛，因为他已经做好了充分的准备。
I am happy to accept this very special award I requested, but that I absolutely deserve.
我很高兴接受我要求的这一非常特殊的奖项，但是我绝对值得。——《心灵奇旅》
S?思维拓展
deserve consideration/attention/praise值得考虑/注意/赞扬
deserve to do sth.应该做某事
deserve doing＝deserve to be done 应该/值得被……
M?名师点津
deserve用法点拨
(1)表示“很值得”，用well修饰deserve。
(2)后接动名词时，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接不定式的被动形式。有此类用法的词还有：need, want, require等。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①Maria is constantly making efforts; she deserves to achieve (achieve)the goal of entering the key university.
②All teachers deserve recognition/recognizing/to be recognized (recognize) for the contributions they make in our classrooms and in our country.
③Your suggestion deserves consideration/considering/to be considered (consider)．
句型转换
④You deserve to make full use of your free time to improve your English.
→Your free time deserves making full use of/to be made full use of to improve your English.
3.input n．情况；信息；投入；输入 vt.输入
D?典型例句
Her specialized input to the discussions has been very useful.
她在这些讨论中提供的专家建议很有帮助。
There has been a big input of resources into the project from industry.
工业界对这个项目投入了大量资源。
S?思维拓展
input into/to sth.投入资源(指时间、知识、思想等)；投入；输入
input of sth. ……的投入
output n. 产量，输出量；输出
Q?巧学助记
由动词短语转化而来的合成词
break out发生→outbreak n．爆发；发作
break down损坏→breakdown n．故障
put out生产；输出→output n．产量；输出
burst out迸发→outburst n．喷出；突发
come out出现；结果是→outcome n．结果；后果
We're gonna come out of this.Everything is gonna be fine, all right
我们会渡过难关的。一切都会好起来的，好吗？——《当幸福来敲门》
J?即学即练
完成句子
①The output should be proportional to the input .
输出应当与输入成比例。
②We listen to our employees and value their input .
我们听取员工的想法，重视他们的意见和建议。
③ Manufacturing output has increased by 8%.
工业产量增长了8%。
4.contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同；契约
D?典型例句
The player is contracted to play until August.
这位选手签约参加比赛到八月份。
Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department.
有几位计算机工程师与财务部门签订了合同。
She has contracted to work 20 hours a week.
她已签订每周工作20小时的合同。
S?思维拓展
contract with与……订立(某种协议或合同)，与……建立(某种关系)
contract for承建；承包；承办
contract in (to sth.) 订约参与
contract out (of sth.) 订约不参与；退出(或不参加)合约
contract sb. to sth. 与……订立合同(或契约)
contractual adj. 合同的，契约的；按合同(或契约)规定的
contractor n. 承包人；承包商；承包公司
Q?巧学助记
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①You can contract with us to deliver your goods.
②The Boston Museum of Fine Arts has already contracted (contract) to lease part of its collection to a museum in Japan.
③He contracted (contract)AIDS from a blood transfusion.
④Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer contracted (contract) by women.
5.consultation n．咨询；咨询会
D?典型例句
The plans were drawn up in consultation with the World Health Organisation.
这些方案是在与世界卫生组织磋商之后起草的。
They will hold a consultation about the matter.
他们将会商量这件事。
S?思维拓展
in consultation with 与……磋商
consult vt.咨询；请教；商量；查阅；查询
consult sb.about sth.向某人咨询某事
consult with sb.(about/on sth.)(就某事)与某人商量
We will consult together with advisors about her education.
我们将一起和专家商议她的教育事宜。
When in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult a dictionary.
当拿不准词义时，查查词典。
In order to improve his English quickly, he often goes to my office to consult me about the method of learning English.
为了快速提高英语，他经常去我的办公室向我咨询关于学习英语的方法。
Q?巧学助记
consult的多层含义：
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①If you have any doubts about your health，you'd better consult (consultation) your doctor at once.
②I have some questions about the problem，so I will consult him about it.
③That's why we went and consulted (consult)Xiao Yang.
④Before you make any decision，you'd better consult with your parents about it.
重 点 短 语
1.take(...) for granted 认为(……)理所当然；对(……)不予重视
D?典型例句
I just took it for granted that he'd always be around.
我想当然地以为他总能随叫随到。
Her husband was always there and she just took him for granted.
她丈夫随时都在身边，她只是认为他理应如此。
S?思维拓展
take sb./sth. for granted(因习以为常)对……不予重视；(因视为当然而)不把……当回事
take it for granted (that...) 认为……是理所当然
grant v. 承认；同意；准许；授予
grant sth. to sb./sth.＝grant sb. sth.(尤指正式地或法律上)同意，准予，允许
take...seriously认真对待……
take one's time不用急；慢慢来
take pride in以……自豪
take charge of负责；掌管
take advantage of利用
take it easy从容；不紧张；放松
The bank finally granted a ￡500 loan to me.
＝The bank finally granted me a ￡500 loan.
银行终于同意给我贷款500英镑。
He began to take science seriously only when he did some research on farming.
只有当他进行农业研究时，他才开始认真对待科学。
Take your time, and there is still ten minutes left.
不用急，还有十分钟。
She took advantage of the children's absence to tidy their rooms.
她趁孩子们不在时整理了他们的房间。
She takes pride in her son who takes charge of a big company.
她以成为一家大公司负责人的儿子自豪。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①We take having an endless supply of clean water for granted (grant)．
②There are many things I take for granted (grant) and don't even realize.
③I was granted (grant) permission to visit the palace.
完成句子
④ Take it easy and you'll get well soon.
别紧张，你很快就会好起来的。
⑤You can hand in the report in three days, so take your time .
你可以在三天后交上报告，因此可以慢慢来。
⑥You shouldn't take it for granted that I take care of your pet dog.
你不应该认为我照顾你的宠物狗是理所应当的。
⑦When I went to college，I began to take maths seriously .
上大学后，我开始认真对待数学。
2.be opposed to反对……(to是介词)
D?典型例句
My mother was very much opposed to my going abroad.
我母亲非常反对我出国。
He was opposed to withdrawing their forces from this region.
他反对把他们的部队撤出这个地区。
S?思维拓展
反对(做)某事
同意(做)某事
I object to / am opposed to making a judgement without evidence.
我反对在没有证据的情况下作出判断。
I have never subscribed to the view that females are not fit for this profession.
我向来不赞同女性不适合这个行业的观点。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①The majority of members were opposed to my proposal, which upset me greatly.
②We are strongly opposed (oppose) to racial prejudice.
③Many local people opposed building (build) the new airport.
④Some people are in favour of reform, and others have concerns.
句型转换
⑤I was against the unfair judgement.
→ I opposed the unfair judgement.
→ I was opposed to the unfair judgement.
→ I objected to the unfair judgement.
重 点 句 型
1.Why help people overseas when China has many areas that are still in need of development
既然中国许多地区仍然需要发展，为什么要帮助外国人民呢？
J?句式分析
when引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。此时可与since互换。
How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen
既然你从来不听，怎么能指望学到东西呢？
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in 5 minutes.
②Why use wood when you can use plastic
2.And, while the country is quite beautiful and has much natural wealth, many of the people are quite poor and live without things we take for granted...
而且，虽然这个国家非常美丽，自然资源丰富，但很多人很穷，生活中没有我们认为理所当然的东西……
J?句式分析
while引导让步状语从句。
(1)while可用以连接并列句，强调前后两者之间情况的对比，此时while一般可译为“而”。
(2022·全国乙卷)50% of them watch English movies while only 18% read English books.
50%的人看英文电影，只有18%的人读英文书。
(2)while可用以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，相当于although，但while引导的让步状语从句一般放在主句前。
While I am willing to help，I don't have much time.
尽管我愿意帮忙，可我没有足够的时间。
(3)while还可用以引导时间状语从句，表示“在……时候”。当while引导的时间状语从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，可以省去主语及be动词。
You must keep these points in mind while(you are) setting your goals.
在设定目标时，你必须记住这些要点。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
②Two years ago, while Cathy was watching (watch) the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer.
③ While/Though Tom is very young, he can recite many poems.
3.Prior to this, if a Tanzanian had a heart condition and needed surgery, they would have to go abroad.
在这之前，坦桑尼亚人若患有心脏疾病需要做手术，他们必须出国才行。
J?句式分析
if引导虚拟条件状语从句，对过去的事实进行假设。if a Tanzanian had a heart condition and needed surgery是从句，they would have to go abroad是主句。
If the sun rose in the west, I would believe you.
如果太阳从西边出来，我就相信你。
Look, if I were you, I'd march right up to my family and say，“Hey, I'm a musician.Deal with it！”
听好了，如果我是你，我就大步走回家，对家里人说：“嘿，我是一名音乐家。接受现实吧！”
——《寻梦环游记》
S?思维拓展
if虚拟条件句往往指不能实现或假想的情况，可以对现在、过去或将来的情况进行假设。
从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句
与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词用were) would/should/could/might＋动词原形 If I were you, I would seize the chance.如果我是你，我就会抓住这个机会。
与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词 If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会失败。
与将来事实相反 ①过去式②should＋动词原形③were to＋动词原形 would/should/could/might＋动词原形 If he souldn't come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.如果他明天不来，我们就推迟这个会议。
注意：
用法 例句
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，这种句子被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你听了我的建议，你现在就好一些了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反)
在if引导的非真实条件从句中，谓语动词含were, had, should，可将if省略，但需将were, had, should提到主语之前 If I were at school again, I would study harder.←Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①If we studied (study) in the same school, we would go to school together every day.
②If there were (be) no air or water, there would be no living things on earth.
③If I had got (get) there earlier, I would have met her.
④If there were (be) a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skiing.
4.Now, not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital, but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.
现在，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了医院的帮助，邻国的人民也得到了帮助。
J?句式分析
not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital使用的是部分倒装， not only... but(also)．..连接两个并列句，当not only位于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。
Not only does he speak English well, but he speaks Japanese more easily.
他非但英语说得好，就连日语也讲得轻松自如。
(2022·全国甲卷)Not only do they provide abundant sources and food for us, but they are also crucial for the global climate development.
它们不仅为我们提供了丰富的资源和食物，而且对全球气候发展至关重要。
S?思维拓展
常用部分倒装的几种情况：
(1)句首为否定或半否定的副词或介词短语
(2)only＋副词/介词/状语从句位于句首
(3)so/such...that句型中的so/such＋被修饰词位于句首
(4)so；neither(nor)表示“也”；“也不”
J?即学即练
完成句子
①Never will we worry about getting fake notes or having no change.
我们永远都不用担忧得到假钱或者没有零钱。
② Not only did I learn to communicate with strangers, but I also picked up some extra-curricular knowledge.
我不仅学会了与陌生人交流，我也学了一些课外知识。
③(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)She teaches us not only how to gain knowledge but also how to be a good person.
她不仅教我们如何获得知识，也教我们如何成为一个好人。
5.Now that I understand how important my mother's work is, I've decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands.
因为我明白了母亲的工作有多么重要，所以我决定自己成为一名志愿者，帮助其他国家的人。
J?句式分析
句中now that引导的是原因状语从句，意为“既然，由于”。
Now that everyone is here, let's start work.
现在人都齐了，咱们开始工作吧。
Now that we have covered the whole chapter, we may have a discussion next time we meet.
整个一章都看完了，下次见面时就可以讨论了。
S?思维拓展
now that引导原因状语从句，“既然，由于”，是连词，和since相似。它除了表示原因外，还含now的意思，意思是“既然(现在)……”“既然(当前)……”。它后面接一个句子， that可以省略。
J?即学即练
完成句子
① Now that you're settled , why don't you take up some serious study
既然你(现在)已经安顿下来了，为什么不开始正经地学点东西呢？
② Now that my sons are more independent , I have more time for myself.
既然(现在)我的儿子们更加独立了，那属于我自己的时间就更多了。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I haven't had enough sleep lately (最近)．
2.The input (投入) was larger than the output, so they lost money.
3.The violin and the piano seem to be out of tune (调子)．
4.How long ago did you sign the contract (合同)
5.The government has taken a measure to maintain the stability (稳定) of prices.
6.He thinks that the criterion (标准) of success is the ability to work joyfully.
7.I'll call you for consultation (咨询) next time I take a trip somewhere.
8.Her lack of experience is a severe disability (缺陷)．
9.The rocket did one circuit (巡回) of the earth and returned to base.
10.She prays (祈祷) to God to keep her son from harm.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.All this information had to be input (input)onto the computer.
2.Today, his change of direction seems more in tune with the times.
3.Many employees contracted (contract) out of the pension plan.
4.She chose to consult (consult)dentists.
5.The message was relayed (relay) to her boss.
6.Doctors said his condition was serious but stable (stability).
7.One can only pray that the team's manager learns something from it.
8.Never for a moment take it for granted (grant)that love would stay there forever.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in need of，relay...to， take care of，be opposed to，to be honest，in addition，contribute to，take it for granted
1.Mary was told the news first and then she relayed it to her classmates.
2.Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students in need of financial aid.
3.The little girl made the choice to withdraw from college to take care of her sick mother.
4. To be honest ，I don't think we have a chance of winning the match tomorrow.
5.I took it for granted that they had arrived at the appointed place already.
6. In addition ，when it comes to practicing our musical instruments, I have to practice more than double the time.
7.As far as I am concerned，each of us can contribute to the future of the world.
8.At first he was opposed to the idea, but later he came around.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1.Not only did they help the disabled find jobs , but they provided medical service for those in need as well.
他们不仅帮助残疾人找工作，而且还为有需要的人提供医疗服务。(not only...but ...as well)
2. While there will be live coverage of the football match tonight, I won't stay up late to watch it.
虽然今晚有足球比赛的现场报道，但我不会熬夜看。(while)
3.If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr.Li .
如果我早点到那里，我就会遇到李先生了。(if引导虚拟语气)
4.How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time playing computer games
既然他们把所有的空闲时间都用来玩电游，还能学什么东西呢？(when)
5. Now that the economic policy has got a chorus of cheers, we should keep it up.
既然经济政策得到了一致的欢呼，我们就应该坚持下去。(now that)
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
We 1.have seen (see) Chinese people on TV in far-off places in the world, 2.helping (help)other countries to develop. But why help people overseas when China has many areas that are still in need 3.of development
My mother 4.was sent (send)as well to Tanzania，Africa two years ago. To be honest, I was unhappy. But now I have learned about her work in Tanzania，a country 5.where there are many health problems and many people live without things we take for 6.granted (grant). In the past they went without medical 7.treatment (treat) and some even died. Now Chinese medical team has made 8.a big difference to their lives. My mother also does a circuit of the rural villages 9.to provide (provide) consultation and training for local doctors.
Today, I am 10.supportive (support) of my mother's work. By any criteria this work is worth it.Section Ⅳ 单元写作
有关分享的演讲稿
写作指导
演讲稿又叫演说稿，是指在公开场合发表的讲话文稿。演讲稿有规范的演讲内容和形式，人们可以通过演讲的方式针对某个具体问题来交流思想和感情、表达见解和主张、宣传某种精神或活动，也可以用来介绍自己的学习和工作经验等。
常用表达
开头句：
1．I am very glad to be here today to share my thoughts with all of you.
我很高兴今天能在这里与大家分享我的想法。
2．Today, I feel really honored to stand here and make a speech.First of all, please allow me to introduce myself.I am...
今天，站在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。首先，请允许我自我介绍一下。我是……
3．Good morning, everybody! It's my honor/privilege to speak here, and I am very glad to share my topic with you.Today I'd like to talk about...
大家早上好！我很荣幸在这里演讲，很高兴与大家分享我的主题。今天我想讲的是……
主体句：
1．I'm convinced that honesty is the best policy in most situations.
我相信在大多数情况下，诚实是最好的策略。
2．Although it seems challenging to solve the problem, it is true that...
尽管解决这个问题看起来很有挑战性，但事实是……
3．I think it important for us to play an active part in...
我认为重要的是我们要发挥积极的作用……
结尾句：
1．Finally, I'm sure through our hard work, we can have a more beautiful world.
最后，我相信通过我们的努力，我们可以有一个更美丽的世界。
2．Thank you for giving me this opportunity to deliver this speech.
谢谢大家给我这次演讲的机会。
精品展示
实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅要善于言表，更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇主题为“Being a Good Listener”的英文演讲稿。
为何倾听 表示尊重，增进理解，建立良好的人际关系
谁来倾听 家长倾听孩子 理解孩子，消除代沟
老师倾听学生 了解学生，满足需求
同学相互倾听 增进友谊，互帮互学
怎样倾听 请联系实际拟定内容
注意：
1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；
2．词数80左右；
3．演讲稿中不得提及所在学校及本人姓名。
审题谋篇
第一步 明确要求
本文要求写一篇主题为“当一个优秀的倾听者”的演讲稿，故要用一般现在时。人称使用第一人称、第三人称。
第二步 确定段落
Para.1：提出论题。
Para.2：进行论证。
Para.3：得出结论。
第三步 核心词汇
1．表示尊重 show respect/be respectful
2．改善人际关系 improve interpersonal relationship
3．消除代沟 narrow/eliminate the generation gap
4．满足需求 meet/satisfy one's needs/requirements
5．互帮互学 help and learn from each other
第四步 连词成句
1．良好的倾听能显示出对人的尊敬。
Good listening can show respect to people .
2．良好的倾听能改善人际关系。
Good listening can improve interpersonal relationship .
3．同学应该多互相倾听。
Students should listen more to their classmates .
4．多向同学们倾听不但能增进友谊，还可以互帮互学。
Listening more to their classmates can not only promote their friendship but also help and learn from each other .
5．我想强调的是我们每个人都应该多倾听他人。
I want to stress that each of us should listen more to others.
第五步 句式升级
1．用“only＋方式状语”引起的倒装句合并上面第1、2句。
Only by good listening can we show respect to people and improve interpersonal relationship .
2．用非谓语动词作状语合并上面第3、4句。
Students should listen more to their classmates, thus
promoting their friendship and helping and learning from each other .
3．用含主语从句的句子改写上面第5句。
What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.
第六步 连句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
参考范文：
Good afternoon，everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”．
What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.Only by good listening can we show respect to people and improve interpersonal relationship.Parents should listen more to their children，so they will understand them better，and find it easy to narrow the generation gap；teachers should listen more to their students；then they can meet their needs better，and place themselves in a good relationship with their students；students should listen more to their classmates，thus promoting their friendship and helping and learning from each other.
写作训练
(2023·湖北省部分重点中学高三联考改编)
今年，重庆山火和泸定地震中涌现出了很多青年榜样：00后消防员，00后志愿者等。请你写一篇以“We Should Shoulder the Responsibility”为题的演讲稿。
内容包括：
1．青年榜样的突出品质；
2．他们对你的影响；
3．呼吁年轻人向他们学习。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头已给。
We Should Shoulder the Responsibility
Good morning, boys and girls！I am Li Hua, Chairman of Students' Union of Guangming Middle School.
参考范文：
We Should Shoulder the Responsibility
Good morning, boys and girls！I am Li Hua, Chairman of Students' Union of Guangming Middle School.It is my great honor to give a speech on behalf of my school.This year, many young role models emerged in the mountain fire in Chongqing and the Luding earthquake：post-00s firefighters and post-00s volunteers, who showed their bravery and their sense of responsibility.
What they did made me think about our responsibility.As a student, we have a responsibility to complete our studies seriously and steadfastly.We have to grow up with physical and mental health, and that is inseparable from all kinds of hardship parents endured.So we should not shirk any responsibility of love and care.
In a word, all the young people should learn from them and shoulder our responsibility.Thanks for listening.
话题佳句
1．Last week saw us visiting the poor children in the mountainous area, which really set me thinking a lot.
上周我们去看望山区的贫困儿童，这真的让我思考许多。
2．Never should we take for granted what we have already possessed, but we should live with a grateful mind.
我们永远不应该认为我们已经拥有的东西是理所当然的，而是应该怀有感恩之心。
3．The experience has taught me a lot—as long as we have a heart of gold, our world will become more harmonious.
这次经历教了我很多——只要我们有一颗金子般的心，我们的世界就会变得更加和谐。
4．Last month, we took Jack, an American exchange student who fell ill, to a traditional Chinese doctor, which turned out to be an eye-widening experience for him.
上个月，我们带杰克——一个生病的美国交换生，去看了中医，这对他而言是一次大开眼界的经历。
5．In short, so impressive is the experience that it will be treasured in my heart forever.
简而言之，这次经历如此令人印象深刻，将永远珍藏在我的心中。
6．Kind-hearted and enthusiastic, he is always ready to help others.
他既善良又热情，总是乐于助人。
7．From that day on, I have treated it as my motto—Nothing is impossible as long as you try your best.
从那天起，我就把它作为我的座右铭——只要竭尽全力，没有什么事情是不可能的。
8．Bai Fangli, ordinary but unusual, donated all his money to the poor children and it was not until he was in his later years that he stopped his donation.
白方礼，普通但不平凡，把他所有的钱捐赠给了那些贫困儿童，直到晚年才停止捐赠。
