24.2024年贵州省英语中考复习 专题：动词和动词短语(共51张PPT)

(共51张PPT)
中考复习专题 动词和动词短语
第二节 动词短语
第一节 动词
知识梳理
随堂检测
课标知识导图
随堂检测
1
2
考情概览
考情概览
考情概览
1．考查题型及考频：4年17考；①完形第一节：1考；②完形第二节：16考，近4年连续考查，每年3～4道。
2．考查角度：均为实义动词词义辨析，主要考查在语境中辨析词义。
3．重复性：共考查17词，其中choose重复考查2次。
(prefer、choose(2考)、close、place、plan、achieve、follow、see、waste、get、afford、hug、move、write、learn、start)
第一节 动词
(贵州4年17考：2023年4考，贵阳往年3年13考；完形第一、二节)
课标知识导图
动词：①动词的分类 ②动词词义辨析 ③动词的基本形式
动词的分类
(1)I am Chinese.→“存在”类: be(am, is, are)
(2)We can keep healthy by exercising often.→“持续”类:keep/
stay等
(3)The grass turns yellow in autumn.→“变化”类:turn/
become/get等
(4)The music sounds relaxing.→感官动词:sound/look/taste/
smell/ feel等
1.系动词
动词的分类
(1)I bought a pen.→及物动词(需接宾语):accept,answer,buy,
finish, give, like,learn,make ,watch,write等
(2)The sun rises.→不及物动词(无需加宾语):arrive,come,go,
happen,rise,run,sit,smile,wait, walk等
注意:有些不及物动词+介词,后可跟宾语。
2.实义动词
(1)I am drinking soup.
(2)I don't want to climb.
(3)I have read for 2 hours.
3.助动词
→基本助动词be,do,have后
加分词或原形组成谓语
4.情态动词 详见本专题 第2讲
动词词义辨析
1.实义动词词义辨析(2023年4考，贵阳往年3年13考)
2.情态动词词义辨析
3.感官动词词义辨析
动词的基本形式
1.动词原形,如: grow,watch, study,go
2.第三人称单数
(1)grow→grows: 一般情况加-s
(2)pass→passes, fix→fixes, finish→finishes, watch→watches:以字母s,x,sh,ch结尾加-es
(3)study→studies:以辅音字母+-y结尾,变-y为i加-es
(4)go→goes, do→does: 部分以字母o结尾的词,加-es
动词的基本形式
3.过去式/过去分词 详见本专题 附“动词不规则变化”自测表
4.现在分词
(1)grow→growing,buy→buying: 一般情况加-ing
(2)use→using,move→moving: 以不发音的字母e
结尾,去e加-ing
(3)put→putting:以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母加-ing
(4)lie→lying:少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y,再加
-ing
随堂检测
Cloze 1
阅读下面短文，从框内7个选项中选出能分别填入6个小题空白处的最佳选项。
外文素材改编自PERSPECTIVES Reading
A. understand　B. imagine　C. staying
D. avoid　E. seem　F. means　G. feel
Everyone has many different feelings. And they 1.___ complicated(复杂的). But this may not be completely true according to some scientific studies.
人的感情
E
A. understand　B. imagine　C. staying
D. avoid　E. seem　F. means　G. feel
The scientific study shows each person only has four basic feelings: sad, happy, angry and afraid. That 2.____ if you feel worried or nervous, that's fear. If you're relaxed or excited, that's happiness.
Our faces show our feelings so clearly that even some animals know how we feel. Some scientists say that horses can tell happy or angry faces, and they enjoy 3.____ with happy people. This makes sense because horses usually live and work closely with humans. They also learn to 4._______ angry people.
F
C
D
A. understand　B. imagine　C. staying
D. avoid　E. seem　F. means　G. feel
And after researching for a long time, scientists have found that other animals also have many similar feelings to people. They 5.___ scared when they are in danger. They feel relaxed when things are good. For example, dogs and elephants can show their feelings and 6.____ the feelings of other animals. Elephants feel happy when they meet their friends and become very sad when their friends or family members die.
G
A
语篇研读
What：文章介绍了人的四种基本的情绪。
Why：引导学生正确地看待自己的不同情绪，学会自我调整。
How：写作手法：本文第2段运用了分类别的说明方法如“four basic feelings：sad，happy，angry and afraid”，条理清晰，帮助学生更好地理解不同的情绪。
Cloze 2
外文素材改编自 Highlights
足球队的团队合作精神
Kelly is the star of her soccer team. Even though she has already done well, she still ____ every day.
One day, a new girl named Selena ____ the team. “She looks like a good player,” whispered (小声说) Kelly's friend Tara. Kelly started to ______ because she's afraid that she isn't the best anymore.
( )7. A. learns B. practices C. eats
( )8. A. recorded B. left C. joined
( )9. A. worry B. think C. laugh
7
8
9
B
C
A
One day during the training time, the coach ________ everyone to run around the field and kick the ball to each other. “I can __________ her,” said Kelly.
Kelly _______ as fast as she could, but Selena was ahead in the end and she caught all the balls that other players kicked to her. Kelly felt upset. Since then, Kelly has stopped kicking the ball to Selena in the matches when they were against other teams even if she should.
( )10. A. drove B. warned C. asked
( )11. A. see B. break C. beat
( )12. A. spoke B. ran C. cried
10
12
11
C
C
B
And their team ________ many times because of this.
One day, Selena asked Kelly why she seemed so upset, and she told Kelly that she ________ Kelly as her model. Kelly was so ashamed(惭愧的) and she said sorry to Selena. In the next match against another school, Kelly got the ball and ________ it to Selena who was in a better position. Selena scored and they won!
( )13. A. prepared B. closed C. failed
( )14. A. spelt B. considered C. decided
( )15. A. lent B. sold C. passed
13
14
15
C
B
C
“Selena, you're a better player because you know the importance of teamwork,”said Kelly after the match.
“We should ________ with ourselves so that we can become our better selves,” smiled Kelly.　　　　　　　　　　
( )16. A. talk B. deal C. compare
16
C
语篇研读
What：文章讲述了Kelly解除与Selena的误解，两人合作让团队获得胜利的故事。
Why：引导学生认识到团队合作的重要性，专注于自己的进步，不盲目与他人比较。
How：语言特点：文章主要通过对话如“I can beat her”及人物心理描写如“worry、afraid、upset、ashamed”，使学生更深入地了解Kelly的内心矛盾和成长过程。
Cloze 3
After I graduated from middle school, I had a chance to ______ abroad in Italy, but my parents disagreed. They worried that I couldn't get used to the life in a foreign country. After a long discussion, they still couldn't _____ my idea.
One month later, I spent about fifteen hours arriving in Italy by air. I was eager(渴望的) to explore everything in Italy, and I ____ an interesting custom by chance.
( )17. A. play B. study C. practice
( )18. A. forget B. finish C. change
( )19. A. discovered B. invented C. remembered
17
18
19
B
C
A
One day, while I was _______ on the streets with my Italian classmates, I noticed that they all stopped for snacks in the afternoon. I was confused because I had never _______ anyone in my homeland who has snacks at a specific(特定的) time during the day. Therefore, I asked my classmates about this cultural practice, and they ______ that it was called “merenda”， a traditional Italian custom.
( )20. A. running B. walking C. driving
( )21. A. seen B. made C. offered
( )22. A. understood B. suggested C. explained
20
21
22
B
A
C
My classmates ______ me that “merenda” was a typical snack that was eaten at about four o'clock in the afternoon. It was a way to ______ feeling hungry and keep energy until the next meal. The “merenda” was also a social event that was often _______ with friends or family members.
This is a special and meaningful custom that I had never _________ of before. I'm thankful for this chance to learn more and understand how colorful our world is. 　 　 　　　　　　　　
( )23. A. showed B. told C. asked
( )24. A. avoid B. manage C. choose
( )25. A. shared B. agreed C. cared
( )26. A. dreamed B. reminded C. heard
23
24
25
26
B
A
A
C
语篇研读
What：文章讲述了作者去意大利留学，了解不同地域的文化的故事。
Why：引导学生理解和尊重文化差异。
How：1. 文体：记叙文。
2. 作者情感变化：eager→confused→understand→thankful。
第二节　动词短语
(贵州4年7考：贵阳卷2023.40，往年3年6考；完成句子、往年方框选短语；
黔南卷2023.70，其他市、州卷2023.69；完成句子)
考情概览
1. 考查题型及考频：动词短语4年7考；①完成句子：1考(贵阳卷2023.40、黔南卷2023.70、其他市、州卷2023.69)(三卷考点题型相同，题位不同)；②往年方框选短语：6考，每年1～3道。
2. 考查角度：所考短语每年有1～2道涉及动词的变形，变形角度有：
①动名词作主语(1考)；②动词单三形式(2考)；③动词过去式(1考)
3. 重复性：所考短语均不重复(learn from、take care of、look up to、belong to、feel like、come from、pull together)
知识梳理
一、同一介词/副词型
在英语中，动词短语的构成及意思受介词或副词的影响很大，故此处以介词和副词的词源意义为主线，帮助学生快速记忆动词短语。
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
about 关于 talk about谈论；讨论
care about关心；在意
complain about抱怨
dream about梦想；梦到
hear about听说
know/learn about了解
think about思考；考虑
worry about担心；烦恼
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
at 向， 朝着 look at看
laugh at嘲笑
point at 指向
shout at对……大喊
smile at对……微笑
throw at投向；朝……扔
其他 knock at敲击(门、窗)
call sb. at打电话给某人
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
away (时间或空间上)离开 keep away from远离
blow away 吹走；驱散
fly away飞走
give away赠送；捐赠；泄露
run away跑开；逃跑；躲避
throw away 扔掉；抛弃
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
back 回原处 come back回来；恢复
give back归还
回应 talk back回嘴；顶嘴
回想， 回忆 bring back归还；使想起
look back at回忆；回顾
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
down 往下， 向下 cut down砍倒；削减
fall down突然倒下；倒塌
pass down 传下来；遗传
sit down坐下
(数量等) 减少， 减弱， 降低 break down损坏；分解；出故障
calm down冷静；平静下来
die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
slow down减速
turn down调低；关小；拒绝
(写) 在纸上 take down记录；拆卸
write down写下，记下
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
from 表示 分离或 去除 run away from逃离
separate from把……分开
stay away from远离
来自， 从……来 learn from从……学习(贵阳卷2023.40；黔南卷2023.70；其他市、州卷2023.69)
come from来自(贵阳卷2021.47)
hear from收到……的来信
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
for (表示对象、 用途等) 给，对 look for 寻找
ask for 请求
care for 关心；照顾；喜欢
pay for 支付
prepare for 为……做准备
stand for 代表
wait for 等待
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
off 不工作； 休息 put off推迟
shut off关闭；停止运转
turn off关掉
除去 clean off把……擦掉
cut off切除；剪掉；切断(水源、电源等)
pay off偿清(欠款等)；成功
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
off 释放； 放出 give off发出，放出(光、热等)
go off (闹钟)发出响声；离开
离开 (某处) get off下车
set off出发；动身
take off 起飞；脱下
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
on 表示 持续性 carry on继续
go on继续；发生
move on 继续前进
work on从事于……
登上 (车) get on上车；进展
穿着； 戴着 put on穿上；上演；增加体重
try on试穿
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
on 其他 call on号召；拜访
come on快点儿；加油；来吧
decide on就……作出决定
depend on取决于；依靠，依赖
turn on打开
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
out (从……) 出来 point out指出
eat out出去吃
go out外出(娱乐)
hang out闲逛；常去某处
look out of由……往外看
take out拿出，取出
除掉； 清除 clear out清理；丢掉
leave out忽略；不包括；不提及
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
out 公开； 发行 come out开花；出现，显露；出版
没有； 缺少 die out灭绝；消失
run out用完，耗尽
揭示了的； 向外界公开的 bring out使显现；使表现出
find out查明；弄清
turn out结果是；证明是
work out算出；解决
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
out 其他 blow out 吹灭
check out查看；观察
lay out摆开；布置
look out小心；当心
sell out售完；卖光
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
up 向上； 起来 look up查(字典等)；抬头看
stand up站立
cheer up (使)振作起来；(使)高兴起来
get up起床；起来
grow up成长；长大
pick up搭载；捡起；接电话
完全， 彻底 drink/eat up喝完/吃完
use up 用完；耗尽
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
up 其他 give up放弃
show up出现；露面
come up出现；被提及
dress up打扮；乔装打扮
wake up睡醒；醒来；唤醒
set up建立；设立；开办
stay up不睡觉；熬夜
take up 占据；开始从事
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
with 和；同；跟 talk with与……谈论
agree/disagree with 同意/不同意
play with和……玩
share with和……分享
get along with和睦相处；关系良好
用，以 begin/start with以……开始
end up with 以……结束
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
with 其他 come up with想出；提出(计划、想法等)
deal with解决；处理
help out with帮忙做……
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
to 朝；向 talk to跟……说
shout to对……大声喊叫
listen to听
turn to转向；求助于
其他 belong to属于(贵阳卷2022.48)
stick to坚持；固守
get to到达
同一介词/副词 词义 常考短语
like 像 feel like感受到(贵阳卷2021.45)
look like看起来像
seem like看起来像
二、同一动词型
同一动词型动词短语需要记住动词的本源含义，介词/副词的含义可以通过对比记忆来理解，此方法主要针对具有相反意义的介词。
look look up to钦佩；仰慕(贵阳卷2022.47)
look after照顾
look back回头看
look through浏览
look forward to盼望；期望
put put down放下
put in/into插入；放进
put out扑灭；熄灭
put up搭建；举起；挂起；张贴
put to good use好好利用某物
take take care of照顾(贵阳卷2022.45)
take after (外貌或行为)像
take in吸入；吞入(体内)
take place发生
take take action采取行动
take care当心；小心
take part in参加
pull pull together齐心协力；通力合作(贵阳卷2020.92)
pull down拆下；摧毁；推倒
pull through渡过难关
随堂检测
第一节　根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
1. (2022贵阳48题改编)习近平主席说：“未来属于年轻人，我们的希望也寄托在他们身上。”
President Xi Jinping said, “The future ________ ________ the young people and our hopes also rest with them.”
2. (2020贵阳92题改编)我相信如果我们齐心协力，我们的乒乓球队下次
可以做得更好。
I believe if we ________ ________， our table tennis team can do much better next time.
belongs to
pull together
3. 不要害怕你什么都完成不了，相信你自己！
Don't be afraid there is nothing you can achieve, just ________ _____ yourself!
4. 我们无法战胜恐惧，除非我们决定改变并采取行动克服它。
We can't beat the fear unless we decide to change and take action to _____ ______ it.
5. 犯错误是学习过程中一个正常的部分，我们不应该害怕寻求帮助。
_______ ________ is a natural part of the learning process, and we shouldn't be afraid to ask for help.
believe in
over
Making mistakes
get
6. 我通常起得很早，因为我想有更多的时间晨练。
I usually ________ ________ early, because I want to have more time to do morning exercise.
7. 晚饭后，我们去公园呼吸点新鲜空气吧。
Let's go to the park and ________ ________ some fresh air after dinner.
8. 通过良好的饮食和定期的锻炼来照顾你的健康是很重要的。
It's important to ________ ________ your health by eating well and exercising regularly.
get up
take in
look after
9. 父母总是鼓励我们坚持梦想。
Parents always encourage us to ________ ________ dreams.
10. 大明总是在课堂上记下重要的单词，并在课后认真复习。
Daming always _____________ ________ the important words in class, and reviews them carefully after class.
stick to
writes/takes down
第二节　在各题空白处填入1个适当的单词。
11. (2022贵阳47题改编)Many teenagers look ________ to national heroes and hope to become like them.
12. (2022贵阳45题改编)To take care ________ the old and care for the young is a good Chinese tradition.
13. Learn to make our own decisions, because we can't depend ________ others all the time.
14. Be an honest person, and you'll find it easier to get along well ________ others.
up
of
on
with
15. The movie turned ________ to be much better than expected, with a touching story and great acting.
16. When you're angry, either taking a deep breath or doing some sports can help you calm ________．
17. It rained heavily yesterday. Many leaves on the ground were washed _______.
18. My talking with my mother suddenly broke ________ because someone was knocking at our door.
19. Pay attention, and never leave ________ any small points when you're solving problems.
out
out
down
away
off
20. Peter tried to cheer ________ his friend who lost an important match yesterday by inviting him to watch a relaxing movie.
21. Don't be afraid of being laughed ________ when making mistakes. There is no progress without trying.
at
up