中考英语二轮专题易错考点---词义辨析

中考英语易错考点---词义辨析
四川省南江县第二中学 梁显林
high, low, expensive与cheap
辨析诀窍：价格（price）有高低（high、low），物品有贵贱（expensive、cheap）
例题：
（1）---Will you buy the red coat？
---No，I won’t. It’s so _______ that I can’t afford it.
A high B low C expensive D cheap
（2）It’s a useful dic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tionary. But the price is ________. The little boy can’t afford it.
A high B low C expensive D cheap
hard ; hardly
辨析诀窍：hardly（几乎不）不是hard的副词形式。
例题：
（1） He is interested ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in English. So he studies it hard. But he doesn’t like Japanese, so he hardly studies Japanese.
（2） It’s raining so_______ that we can ______ go out.
A. hard; hard B. hard; hardly C. hardly; hard D .hardly; hardly
3. hard-working, hard work和work hard
辨析诀窍:
What hard wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k it is！He is a hard-working student, he always works hard at it.
a number of 与 the number of
辨析诀窍:
a lnumber of 相当于man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y或some，后跟名词复数作主语，谓语根据名词复数确定；the number of 后跟名词复数作主语，谓语根据the number确定用单数形式。
例题：
In our school library there _______ a number of books on science and in these years the number of them _______ growing larger and larger.
A. are; is B. is; are C. have; are D. has; is
...so ...that...; ...enough to...; ... too...to的用法
辨析诀窍:
…so ...that...表示“如此...以至于..... ; …too...to...表示“太...而不能...” ;
…enough to...;表示 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“足够....而达到...”或“不足够....而不能达到...”，即前肯后肯，前否后否。...so ...that...后接句子；...enough to...;和... too...to...后接动词原形。
例：
（1） The boy is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )six years old, so he is so old that he can go to school.(同义句）
The boy is six ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) years old, so he is old enough to go to school.
（2）The boy is only one years old,and he is so young that he can’t go to school.(同义句）
The bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y is only one years old, and he is too young to go to school.
The boy is only one years old, and he isn’t old enough to go to school.
allow/make与have的用法
辨析诀窍:
（1）allow sb. to do sth. be allowed to do sth.
allow doing sth.（表被动）
例：
His parents don’t allow him to practice running on school nights.
He isn’t allowed to practice running on school nights.
People don’t allowed smoking here.
（2） make sb. do sth. be made to do sth
let / have sb. do sth. get sb. to do sth.
例：The boss u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed to make / have / let the workers work for 12 hours a day.
The boss used to get the workers to work for 12 hours a day.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by boss.
（3） have / get sth. done
He has already had / got his hair cut.
have sth. to do
--- Would you like to go fishing with me this afternoon
--- Sorry, we have lots of homework to do.
害怕...
辨析诀窍:
be afraid to do sth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). be afraid of sth. be afraid of doing sth.
be afraid that ... I’m afraid so/not.
be terrified of sth. be terrified of doing sth.
例题：---- Are you afraid of dogs
-----Yes, I’m ____ of them.
A surprised B terrified C embarrassed D excited
besides, except 与 except for
辨析诀窍:
Besides 意思是“除…之外 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，（还包括…)，有“假除去”之意；except意思是“除…之外，有“真除去”之意；except for意思是“除…之外，强调除去不同类的。
例：
（1）Besides singing English songs, there are many other fun ways to learn English.
（2）--- All the workers went home yesterday_____ Mr. White. Why
----Because he was on duty.
except B. besides C. except for D. beside
The composition is well written_______ a few spelling mistakes.
except B. besides C. except for D. beside
kind of, a little, a bit, a little bit
辨析诀窍:
kind of/a little/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a bit/a little bit shy ( kind of/a little/a bit/a little bit + 形容词原级)
a little/a bit of milk (a little / a little bit + 不可数名词)
a few books ( a few + 可数名词复数 )
a kind of food（意思是一种食物）
例：（1）There are many different kinds of food in the restaurant.
（2）----Do you know t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat there are many different _______ animals in the zoo
----Yes, I do. And I also know that some of them are ______scaring.
kinds of; kind of B kinds of; kinds of
C kind of; kinds of D kind of; kind of
used to do sth
辨析诀窍:
used to do sth. ( 过去常常干… )
be/get used to doing sth. （习惯于干…）
be used to do sth. be used for doing sth. (被用作干…被动语态)
sb. use sth. to do sth. （某人用某物干…主动语态）
例：
（1）I used to sleep late, but now I am used to getting up early.
（2）Knives are used to cut things.
= Knives are used for cutting things.
= We use knives to cut things.
巧辨词义[三姐（借）花钱买穿戴(带)]
例1： ------How long can I _________ the book
------ For about two days.
A borrow B lend C keep
-例2：---- Can I _______ your bike
-----With pleasure. But you mustn’t ______ it to others.
A. lend;borrow B. borrow;lend C. lend; lend
三姐（借）花钱买穿戴(带)
1. 三借：borrow，lend，keep
Could I borrow your dictionary？= Could I borrow your dictionary from you？
（borrow sb. sth. = borrow sth. from sb.，向某人借某物，表示主语向别人借东西自己用。）
Could you lend me your dictionary = Could you lend your dictionary to me
( lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.，借给某人某物，表示主语将自己的东西借给别人用。)
Can I keep your dictionary for two days
（keep sth. for some time ，借某物用一段时间)
注：borrow，lend是短暂性动词，keep是延续性动词。
2. 四花费：take，pay，cost，spend
It takes me about half an hour to read English every day.
( It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人一段时间干某事，it作形式主语)
I paid 10 yuan for the book yesterday.
（pay money for sth. 某人花钱买某物，人作主语。）
The book cost me 10 yuan yesterday.
( sth. costs sb. money 某物花费某人多少钱，物作主语。)
I spend about half an hour reading English every day.
= It takes me about half an hour to read English every day.
I spent 10 yuan on the book yesterday.
= I spent 10 yuan buying the book yesterday.
= I paid 10 yuan for the book yesterday.
( spend money on sth. / spend time or money doing sth.
花钱买某物 / 某人花费时间或金钱做某事，人作主语。)
3. 二买：buy keep
My father bought a new computer for me last week.
( buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.为某人买某物，buy 是短暂性动词。)
I have had the new computer for two weeks.
（have sth. for some time. 买某物多久时间了，have是延续性动词。）
4.四穿：in wear put on dress
The girl in red is my sister. He was dressed in a suit.
( in 是介词，后跟表颜色或衣物的词。)
He often wears a suit.
（wear是动词，表“穿”的状态，跟衣物作宾语。）
It is very cold outside.Please put on your coat.
( put on 是动词短语，表“穿”的动作，跟衣物作宾语。）
The boy is too young to dress himself.
(dress 是动词，常跟人作宾语。）
四带：bring take fetch carry
Could you bring me a glass of water.
( bring强调把东西从远处带到说话人处。)
Please take these empty bottles away and bring a few bottles of orange here.
（take强调把东西从说话人处带走。）
Please wait for me here, I’ll fetch your schoolbag for you.
（fetch 强调从说话处离开取回某物，又回到说话处。）
Let me carry the heavy box for you.
（carry 指“随身携带，不说明固定方向, 有时含有“负担”的意思。）