新泰一中东校 2022 级高二上学期第二次质量检测
英语试题 2023.12.16
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。满分 150 分，考试用时 120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必用 0.5 毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写到答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2. 第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 第Ⅱ卷必须用 0.5 毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡上各题目指定区域内相应的位置;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第Ⅰ卷(共 95 分)
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How does the man probably feel
A. Annoyed. B. Sorry. C. Satisfied.
2. What does Jenny want Brant to do
A. Go shopping with her.
B. Buy something for her.
C. Cook supper with her.
3. Who will do the chores this weekend
A. Zack. B. Zack’s father. C. Zack’s brother.
4. Where is the nearest bank
A. On the left of a bookstore.
B. Opposite a hospital.
C. Next to a movie theater.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A teacher. B. A school show. C. A singing contest.
第二节
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. Who is the man probably talking to
A. His wife. B. A schoolmate. C. A tour guide.
7. Which is the last place the speakers will visit
A A lake. B. A village. C. A mountain.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。
8. What is Anne’s nationality
A. American. B. British. C. Italian.
9. What does Anne’s sister do
A. She’s a student. B. She’s an artist. C. She’s an architect.
10. What is Jack going to do next
A. Put on a hat. B. Clean the house. C. Go to his room.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。
11. What is the man doing at first
A. Running. B. Walking his dog. C. Listening to music.
12. How many pets does the woman have
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.
13. How does the man sound in the end
A. Encouraging. B. Envious. C. Scared.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 16 题。
14. Why does the woman talk to the man
A. To do him a favor. B. To look for her car. C. To ask the way.
15. How old is the woman
A. 21 years old. B. 24 years old. C. 27 years old.
16. What is the woman likely to do next
A. Buy some food. B. Make a video call. C. Visit her uncle.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。
17. When was World Book and Copyright Day created
A. In 1995. B. In 1990. C. In 1983.
18. What was the No.1 most influential environmental book
A. Soft Energy Paths. B. Silent Spring. C. State of the World.
19. What is the No.4 most influential environmental book about
A. How economic systems rely on natural systems.
B. How people can contribute to sustainable energy.
C. How to make modern public policy on the environment.
20. What do we know about Sand County Almanac
A. It was written by Amory Lovins.
B. It was first published in 1970.
C. It was not popular at first.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Science Events from New Scientist
Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll
Online | October 20, 2023 | 18:00–19:00
“Where, when and how ” are some of the most fundamental questions we can ask, and knowledge of space, time and motion has been central to the biggest discoveries in physics. Join Sean Carroll, an expert in physics, as he explores deep questions about the nature of space, time and motion, and lays out the framework of classical physics from Galileo and Euclid to Newton and Einstein.
Big Thinkers Series 2023
Online | November 10, 2023
The 2023 Big Thinkers series from New Scientist events features eight online talks streamed throughout 2023, covering a wide range of topics all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts. If you are curious about your brain, your body, our planet or the universe, then this series is your place to hear the latest research.
Memory, the Brain and Who We Are
Online | November 15, 2023 | 18:00–19:00
Psychiatrist Veronica O’Keane will draw examples of the broken memories of psychosis (精神失常) to explain the complex human brain and offer you some expertise (专业知识). How do our brains store and then conjure up (浮现) past experiences to make us who we are Are there such things as “true” and “false” memories These examples will offer a new way of thinking about our own personal experiences.
Instant Expert: Understanding Your Brain
The British Library, London | November 19, 2023
At this event, six experts will guide you on a tour of the most attractive object in the known universe. On the way you’ll learn how our brains learn languages, how they store memories and why they need to sleep. Hosted by a New Scientist journalist, our one-day masterclass offers the chance to learn all about the brain directly from the experts.
1. Which event focuses on discoveries in physics
A. Big Thinkers Series 2023. B. Memory, the Brain and Who We Are.
C. Instant Expert: Understanding Your Brain. D. Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll.
2. When can you attend lectures given by first-rate experts
A. On October 20, 2023. B. On November 19, 2023.
C. On November 10 2023. D. On November 15, 2023.
3. What do the four events have in common
A. They are held online. B. They offer expert guidance.
C. They mainly focus on memory. D. They each last for one hour.
B
What do you do at the end of the day when you’re finished with work How you spend your free time can have a big impact on your mental health. Hobbies can help you relax and ease pent-up (郁结的) stress caused by all that time in the office or in front of the computer. But, interestingly, how you spend your free time can also impact your work performance.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield’s Institute of Work Psychology in the UK found that developing hobbies can develop your confidence about how well you perform your job. But your hobby has to be significantly different from what you do from 9-to-5 work.
To study the connection between work and leisure activities, researchers employed 129 people who worked and were active in hobbies like rock climbing, musical theater and singing. They had them complete surveys to see how serious and committed they were to their hobbies and how demanding their jobs were. Then, each month for seven months, participants were asked how many hours they spent on their hobbies and how they rated their ability to perform at work.
Researchers found that if people have hobbies similar to what they do at work and that they do in an intense way, their on-the-job confidence can suffer. It’s likely because their work and leisure time have the same mental and physical demands, so they’re always feeling drained.
In contrast, people who have hobbies different from their work are happier and healthier. This is also true of those who choose a similar hobby but only participate in a light-hearted way. Those playful recreations act as a barrier between their professional and personal lives, giving them rest time to “recharge their batteries”, the researchers say.
“When we feel like we have the confidence to handle challenges in our jobs. We’re more likely to be able to build a sustainable job and remain healthy, productive, happy and employable over our lifetimes. Its important to consider how our leisure activities might play a role in that process,” lead researcher Ciara Kelly said in a statement.
4. What’s the impact of your hobby
A. It surely improves your physical strength.
B. It helps you to recover from your stress.
C. It enables you to behave more actively.
D. It increases your willingness to work hard.
5. Which of the following is proper and reasonable according to paragraph 2
A. A basketball coach plays basketball. B. A writer keeps a diary every day.
C. An e-game developer surfs the Internet. D. A doctor sometimes goes swimming.
6. What does the underlined word “drained” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Worried. B. Exhausted. C. Unconfident. D. Disappointed.
7. How can people benefit from hobbies similar to their work
A. Take them seriously. B. Set strict schedules for them.
C. Participate in them just for fun. D. Develop them into their business.
C
In valleys with thick plants, different-sized round and square buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs, tulou lie in mountainous villages in Longyan, Fujian Province. There are more than 23,000 tulou in Yongding, which became well-known after 46 were given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008. “The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of human settlement,” UNESCO said.
The giant multi-storied tulou were built with wood and mud walls. Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries, these massive communal homes were sited based on feng shui principles, which claim to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment. Tulou are also purposefully resting amid tea, tobacco, rice plantations and abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
Throughout history, tulou residents have mostly been Hakka — migrants in southern China. Population pressures created conflict between the Hakka and their neighbors, so they built their homes to double as defending. The buildings are mainly four or five stories high. The first floor serves as the kitchen, the second is used for grain storage and the upper floors act as living areas. The structures are mainly symmetrical, and their defensive features include ironclad gates, escape tunnels, narrow openings for weapons under the dark-tiled roofs, and a water well. For their defensive function, only rooms on the third floor and higher have windows, which are very small. With sufficient food, the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
Communal living is integrity to these villages, where the closed wall design boosts social interaction. Residents gather in the courtyard for ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings. Tulou is such an extraordinary piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.
8. What do we know about tulou
A. Over 23,000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B. Among 23,000 tulou, only 46 became famous globally.
C. They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
D. Tulou is the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
9. What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict
A. Escape tunnels. B. Enough food. C. Small windows. D. Defensive weapons.
10. What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou
A. Favorable. B. Unclear. C. Negative. D. Unconcerned.
11. Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. Tulou: in Harmony with Their Environments
B. Tulou: Different-Sized Round and Square Buildings
C. Tulou: Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
D. Tulou: a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending
D
Police should be allowed to use facial recognition to investigate specific crimes and to protect the public at major events, according to the first national survey of the public's attitude to the technology. However, they are opposed to unrestricted use while two thirds (65 percent) of the public believe an absolute ban on the police would be wrong, Up to 70 percent backed its use to analyse faces on CCTV (闭路电视) to catch a suspect in an investigation or in day-to-day policing to prevent crime at events such as football matches or carnivals, The technology enables police to scan crowds and pick out faces that match huge databases of suspects.
There is, however, far less tolerance of its use by private (私人的) companies, whether to monitor shoppers or workers, or in schools if it was to be used to track children's behaviour or expressions. By a majority of almost two to one, the public believes that organizations should seek the permission of people before they start using facial recognition. Most also want a pause on any further use of the technology until publicly-agreed guidelines are in place on when and where it should be used.
More than half (55 percent) of the public believe the Government should limit police use of facial recognition to criminal investigations, though half also saw it as no different to taking photographs or using CCTV. Of those who were comfortable with its use, 80 percent said it was because it was “beneficial for the security of society”,
There was also a majority in favour of the technology where there was personal benefit, with 54 percent backing its use to unlock a smartphone by recognizing an owner’s face and with passport checks at airports where it can speed up queues.
12. Why is the technology of facial recognition significant to the police
A. It helps them better investigate criminal cases.
B. It is a good way to control private companies.
C. It can recognize and catch suspects.
D It mainly gets fully support from all walks of life.
13. What can we know about the technology according to paragraph 2
A. It is believed to go against publicly-agreed guidelines.
B. It is helpful to track students’ behavior at home.
C. It is a potential threat to privacy.
D. It is popular among shoppers, workers and private companies.
14. What conclusion can we draw about the application of the technology
A. It should be banned totally.
B. It should be open to police undoubtedly.
C. It is a double-edged sword.
D. It benefits the society in every aspect.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Should the police free use facial recognition
B. Should facial recognition be applied to airports
C. Should facial recognition protect the privacy of the public
D. Should private companies use facial recognition without limit
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 25 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各小题所给的四个选项(A，B，C，D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
What does it mean to leave something better than you found it For Breon Dennis Jr. , it ___21___lots of hard work, flexibility, unity, and passion.
Breon is from Louisiana, and came to Dallas Baptist University in the late 2000s to ___22___his undergraduate degree. While at DBU, Breon began ___23___at the Rangers Baseball Club. Following this, he___24___his Master’s degree from DBU. Currently, Breon worked as the Vice President of the Roughriders Foundation. During the 6 seasons with the RoughRiders, he has already seen his ___25___in the community.
As the VP of the RoughRiders Foundation, his ultimate ___26___is to mentor (指导) others and see others mentored, both professionally and ___27___. As a leader, through the ___28___he puts on, such as food drives and environmental outreach (环保宣传), Breon ___29___to help others reach their full potential. He allows them to feel comfortable in their own skin. He also ___30___them to grow in leadership themselves.
A key part to Breon’s philosophy in helping others to ___31___is to embrace (接受) their failures. He has learned to ___32___his failures and grow from them, which he tries to ___33___along to others. Through his time at Rangers Basebal Club, and now the RoughRiders, Breon has made foundational ___34___of servant leadership and intentionality in the community. That has guided him to lead others to be the ___35___they can be—to embrace their failures, and use the growth they experience to help others do the same.
21. A. shows B. includes C. collects D. involves
22. A. obtain B. learn C. find D. make
23. A. studying B. training C. working D. living
24. A. earned B. finished C. lost D. kept
25. A. labor B. management C. influence D. project
26. A. reward B. desire C. effort D. hobby
27. A. personally B. mentally C. physically D. financially
28. A. businesses B. events C. occasions D. tasks
29. A. demands B. prefers C. seeks D. promises
30. A. expects B. teaches C. shows D. encourages
31. A. grow B. love C. succeed D. enjoy
32. A. meet with B. agree with C. live with D. begin with
33. A. bring B. take C. move D. pass
34. A. effects B. knowledge C. values D. standards
35. A. richest B. best C. smartest D. strongest
第Ⅱ卷(满分 55 分)
第三部分 英语知识运用
第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Grand Canal, the bloodline that flows through the hearts of Chinese people, has ____36____ history of more than 2,500 years. It ____37____ (consist) of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the Sui and Tang Grand Canal and the Zhedong Canal. The Grand Canal, the world’s longest man-made waterway ____38____ (shape) the culture and commerce of the country since it was built.
Before it was built, people in ancient China relied heavily ____39____ horses and oxen, or ____40____ (simple) traveled by foot to trade goods, which limited the extent to which goods could ____41____ (trade). In fact, the Grand Canal facilitated the transport of materials for the construction of the Forbidden City. The palace complex was built using materials from different parts of the country. ____42____ (resource) like the bricks fired in Shandong and Jiangsu were transported to the imperial (皇家的) city along the canal’s ____43____ (vary) sections.
The Grand Canal not only brought prosperity to cities along the route, ____44____ nourished the evolution of Chinese culture. It was an environment _____45_____ people could share their experiences, traditions and culture with others. Today, the boom of the area is a scene of the past, but the spirit of openness has become part of the local culture.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节(满分 15 分)
46. 假定你是校英语报记者，下周你校将举办迎新年校园艺术节，请你写一篇宣传稿，内容包括：
1. 活动目的;
2. 活动内容;
3. 呼吁参加。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A New Year Campus Art Festival
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分 25 分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I often go climbing with my friend Mel Olsen, whom I'd met in a Face-book group. Two years ago, on December 30, when I was 16, she and I drove to Oregon to tackle 11, 240-foot Mount Hood. My parents were happy I'd finally found a hobby.
It's safer to start winter climbs at night when there's less risk of the sun melting the snowpack. That day, we started at 3 a. m, following the paths alongside the ski runs. The temperature was about14 degrees. Along the way, we met two other climbers, and the four of us continued on together.
After about five hours we reached Devil's Kitchen, a plateau at about 10, 000 feet, just before the final push to the top. By this point, the wind was violent. My exposed skin felt as though it were burning. The other climbers decided to turn back, but Mel and I went ahead. We had ice axes, helmets, and crampons (冰爪). We were prepared for the climb.
The trail we followed grew narrower and steeper. Suddenly, I heard a crack, and a whole block of ice broke off the ice step, right under my foot.
In an instant, I fell backward. I could hear Mel calling my name as I rolled down the mountain as if I were a character in a video game. I stuck out my arms and legs, grabbing at anything. My clothes were torn into pieces, my helmet was broken, and my face was bloodied from cuts and scratches. Then I took a survey of my body to see where I was hurt, starting with my head, then my neck and arms. For the most part, I was fine, except that I was suffering from a sharp pain in my left leg.
As Mel made her way down, I shouted for help, and other climbers came to assist me. A couple of them were trained EMTs. They fixed my leg and called Portland Mountain Rescue. Mel stayed by my side while I tried not to cry from the pain.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I'd been lying on the ice shaking and aching for four hours by the time the rescuers reached me.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The fall on a mountain can change everything
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1-20 ABACB BCBAC ACBAC BABAC新泰一中东校 2022 级高二上学期第二次质量检测
英语试题 2023.12.16
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。满分 150 分，考试用时 120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必用 0.5 毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写到答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2. 第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 第Ⅱ卷必须用 0.5 毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡上各题目指定区域内相应的位置;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第Ⅰ卷(共 95 分)
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How does the man probably feel
A. Annoyed. B. Sorry. C. Satisfied.
2. What does Jenny want Brant to do
A. Go shopping with her.
B. Buy something for her.
C. Cook supper with her.
3. Who will do the chores this weekend
A. Zack. B. Zack’s father. C. Zack’s brother.
4. Where is the nearest bank
A. On the left of a bookstore.
B. Opposite a hospital.
C. Next to a movie theater.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A teacher. B. A school show. C. A singing contest.
第二节
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. Who is the man probably talking to
A. His wife. B. A schoolmate. C. A tour guide.
7. Which is the last place the speakers will visit
A. A lake. B. A village. C. A mountain.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。
8. What is Anne’s nationality
A. American. B. British. C. Italian.
9. What does Anne’s sister do
A. She’s a student. B. She’s an artist. C. She’s an architect.
10. What is Jack going to do next
A. Put on a hat. B. Clean the house. C. Go to his room.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。
11. What is the man doing at first
A. Running. B. Walking his dog. C. Listening to music.
12. How many pets does the woman have
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.
13. How does the man sound in the end
A. Encouraging. B. Envious. C. Scared.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 16 题。
14 Why does the woman talk to the man
A. To do him a favor. B. To look for her car. C. To ask the way.
15. How old is the woman
A. 21 years old. B. 24 years old. C. 27 years old.
16. What is the woman likely to do next
A. Buy some food. B. Make a video call. C. Visit her uncle.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。
17. When was World Book and Copyright Day created
A. In 1995. B. In 1990. C. In 1983.
18. What was the No.1 most influential environmental book
A. Soft Energy Paths. B. Silent Spring. C. State of the World.
19. What is the No.4 most influential environmental book about
A. How economic systems rely on natural systems.
B. How people can contribute to sustainable energy.
C. How to make modern public policy on the environment.
20. What do we know about Sand County Almanac
A. It was written by Amory Lovins.
B. It was first published in 1970.
C. It was not popular at first.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Science Events from New Scientist
Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll
Online | October 20, 2023 | 18:00–19:00
“Where, when and how ” are some of the most fundamental questions we can ask, and knowledge of space, time and motion has been central to the biggest discoveries in physics. Join Sean Carroll, an expert in physics, as he explores deep questions about the nature of space, time and motion, and lays out the framework of classical physics from Galileo and Euclid to Newton and Einstein.
Big Thinkers Series 2023
Online | November 10, 2023
The 2023 Big Thinkers series from New Scientist events features eight online talks streamed throughout 2023, covering a wide range of topics all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts. If you are curious about your brain, your body, our planet or the universe, then this series is your place to hear the latest research.
Memory, the Brain and Who We Are
Online | November 15, 2023 | 18:00–19:00
Psychiatrist Veronica O’Keane will draw examples of the broken memories of psychosis (精神失常) to explain the complex human brain and offer you some expertise (专业知识). How do our brains store and then conjure up (浮现) past experiences to make us who we are Are there such things as “true” and “false” memories These examples will offer a new way of thinking about our own personal experiences.
Instant Expert: Understanding Your Brain
The British Library, London | November 19, 2023
At this event, six experts will guide you on a tour of the most attractive object in the known universe. On the way you’ll learn how our brains learn languages, how they store memories and why they need to sleep. Hosted by a New Scientist journalist, our one-day masterclass offers the chance to learn all about the brain directly from the experts.
1. Which event focuses on discoveries in physics
A. Big Thinkers Series 2023. B. Memory, the Brain and Who We Are.
C. Instant Expert: Understanding Your Brain. D. Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll.
2. When can you attend lectures given by first-rate experts
A. On October 20, 2023. B. On November 19, 2023.
C. On November 10, 2023. D. On November 15, 2023.
3. What do the four events have in common
A. They are held online. B. They offer expert guidance.
C. They mainly focus on memory. D. They each last for one hour.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个科学活动的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll部分中““Where, when and how ” are some of the most fundamental questions we can ask, and knowledge of space, time and motion has been central to the biggest discoveries in physics.(“在哪里，什么时候，如何发现的？”是我们可以提出的一些最基本的问题，而关于空间、时间和运动的知识一直是物理学重大发现的核心)”可知，Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll活动的重点是物理学的发现。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Big Thinkers Series 2023部分中“The 2023 Big Thinkers series from New Scientist events features eight online talks streamed throughout 2023, covering a wide range of topics all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts.(《新科学家》活动的2023年大思想家系列活动包括8个在线讲座，贯穿2023年，涵盖了广泛的主题，所有这些都将由世界级专家为您带来)”可知，你在2023年11月10日能参加一流专家的讲座。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一部分“Join Sean Carroll, an expert in physics, as he explores deep questions about the nature of space, time and motion, and lays out the framework of classical physics from Galileo and Euclid to Newton and Einstein.(加入物理学专家肖恩·卡罗尔，他探索了关于空间、时间和运动本质的深刻问题，并展示了从伽利略和欧几里得到牛顿和爱因斯坦的经典物理学框架)”；第二部分“The 2023 Big Thinkers series from New Scientist events features eight online talks streamed throughout 2023, covering a wide range of topics all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts.(《新科学家》活动的2023年大思想家系列活动包括8个在线讲座，贯穿2023年，涵盖了广泛的主题，所有这些都将由世界级专家为您带来)”；第三部分“Psychiatrist Veronica O’Keane will draw examples of the broken memories of psychosis (精神失常) to explain the complex human brain and offer you some expertise (专业知识).(精神病学家维罗妮卡·奥基恩将以精神病患者的破碎记忆为例来解释复杂的人脑，并为你提供一些专业知识)”以及最后一部分“Hosted by a New Scientist journalist, our one-day masterclass offers the chance to learn all about the brain directly from the experts. (由《新科学家》记者主持，我们为期一天的大师班提供了直接从专家那里了解大脑的机会)”可知，这四个活动的共同之处是都提供专家指导。故选B。
B
What do you do at the end of the day when you’re finished with work How you spend your free time can have a big impact on your mental health. Hobbies can help you relax and ease pent-up (郁结的) stress caused by all that time in the office or in front of the computer. But, interestingly, how you spend your free time can also impact your work performance.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield’s Institute of Work Psychology in the UK found that developing hobbies can develop your confidence about how well you perform your job. But your hobby has to be significantly different from what you do from 9-to-5 work.
To study the connection between work and leisure activities, researchers employed 129 people who worked and were active in hobbies like rock climbing, musical theater and singing. They had them complete surveys to see how serious and committed they were to their hobbies and how demanding their jobs were. Then, each month for seven months, participants were asked how many hours they spent on their hobbies and how they rated their ability to perform at work.
Researchers found that if people have hobbies similar to what they do at work and that they do in an intense way, their on-the-job confidence can suffer. It’s likely because their work and leisure time have the same mental and physical demands, so they’re always feeling drained.
In contrast, people who have hobbies different from their work are happier and healthier. This is also true of those who choose a similar hobby but only participate in a light-hearted way. Those playful recreations act as a barrier between their professional and personal lives, giving them rest time to “recharge their batteries”, the researchers say.
“When we feel like we have the confidence to handle challenges in our jobs. We’re more likely to be able to build a sustainable job and remain healthy, productive, happy and employable over our lifetimes. Its important to consider how our leisure activities might play a role in that process,” lead researcher Ciara Kelly said in a statement.
4. What’s the impact of your hobby
A. It surely improves your physical strength.
B. It helps you to recover from your stress.
C. It enables you to behave more actively.
D. It increases your willingness to work hard.
5. Which of the following is proper and reasonable according to paragraph 2
A. A basketball coach plays basketball. B. A writer keeps a diary every day.
C. An e-game developer surfs the Internet. D. A doctor sometimes goes swimming.
6. What does the underlined word “drained” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Worried. B. Exhausted. C. Unconfident. D. Disappointed.
7. How can people benefit from hobbies similar to their work
A. Take them seriously. B. Set strict schedules for them.
C. Participate in them just for fun. D. Develop them into their business.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了下班后如何度过空闲时间会影响你的工作表现，对此短文进行了研究并得出了结论。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Hobbies can help you relax and ease pent-up (郁结的) stress caused by all that time in the office or in front of the computer.”（业余爱好可以帮助你放松和缓解由于在办公室或电脑前的所有时间所造成的郁结的压力。）可知，爱好能帮助你从压力中恢复过来。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Researchers at the University of Sheffield’s Institute of Work Psychology in the UK found that developing hobbies can develop your confidence about how well you perform your job. But your hobby has to be significantly different from what you do from 9-to-5 work.”（英国谢菲尔德大学工作心理学研究所的研究人员发现，培养兴趣爱好可以增强你对自己工作表现的信心。但你的爱好必须与你朝九晚五的工作有很大的不同）可知，D选项“医生有时去游泳”是适当和合理的。故选D项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词前的“Researchers found that if people have hobbies similar to what they do at work and that they do in an intense way, their on-the-job confidence can suffer. It’s likely because their work and leisure time have the same mental and physical demands”（研究人员发现，如果人们的兴趣爱好与工作相近，而且非常专注，他们的工作信心就会受到影响。这可能是因为他们的工作和休闲时间有相同的精神和身体需求）可知，所以他们总是觉得筋疲力尽。故划线词的意思是“筋疲力尽”。故选B项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“In contrast, people who have hobbies different from their work are happier and healthier. This is also true of those who choose a similar hobby but only participate in a light-hearted way.”（相比之下，爱好与工作不同的人更快乐、更健康。对于那些选择了类似爱好但只是以一种轻松的方式参与的人来说也是如此）可知，人们如何从与工作相似的爱好中获益是把参加这些活动当做玩。故选C项。
C
In valleys with thick plants, different-sized round and square buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs, tulou lie in mountainous villages in Longyan, Fujian Province. There are more than 23,000 tulou in Yongding, which became well-known after 46 were given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008. “The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of human settlement,” UNESCO said.
The giant multi-storied tulou were built with wood and mud walls. Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries, these massive communal homes were sited based on feng shui principles, which claim to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment. Tulou are also purposefully resting amid tea, tobacco, rice plantations and abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
Throughout history, tulou residents have mostly been Hakka — migrants in southern China. Population pressures created conflict between the Hakka and their neighbors, so they built their homes to double as defending. The buildings are mainly four or five stories high. The first floor serves as the kitchen, the second is used for grain storage and the upper floors act as living areas. The structures are mainly symmetrical, and their defensive features include ironclad gates, escape tunnels, narrow openings for weapons under the dark-tiled roofs, and a water well. For their defensive function, only rooms on the third floor and higher have windows, which are very small. With sufficient food, the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
Communal living is integrity to these villages, where the closed wall design boosts social interaction. Residents gather in the courtyard for ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings. Tulou is such an extraordinary piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.
8. What do we know about tulou
A. Over 23,000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B. Among 23,000 tulou, only 46 became famous globally.
C. They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
D. Tulou is the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
9. What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict
A. Escape tunnels. B. Enough food. C. Small windows. D. Defensive weapons.
10. What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou
A. Favorable. B. Unclear. C. Negative. D. Unconcerned.
11. Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. Tulou: in Harmony with Their Environments
B. Tulou: Different-Sized Round and Square Buildings
C. Tulou: Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
D. Tulou: a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的土楼建筑，介绍了其建造特点、功能等。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中““The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of human settlement,” UNESCO said.(联合国教科文组织表示：“这些建筑获奖是因为它们是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范，展示了一种特殊类型的集体生活和防御性组织，而且就其与环境的和谐关系而言，它们是人类住区的杰出典范。”)”可知，土楼是具有传统和功能的杰出建筑。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“With sufficient food, the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.(有了充足的食物，居民们可以在长期冲突中生存下来)”可知，在长期的冲突中，居民最重要的是足够的食物。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Tulou is such an extraordinary piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.(土楼是如此非凡的建筑，无愧于联合国教科文组织授予的称号)”可推知，作者对土楼保护的态度可能是支持的。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中““The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of human settlement,” UNESCO said.(联合国教科文组织表示：“这些建筑获奖是因为它们是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范，展示了一种特殊类型的集体生活和防御性组织，而且就其与环境的和谐关系而言，它们是人类住区的杰出典范。”)”结合文章主要介绍了中国的土楼建筑，介绍了其建造特点、功能等。可知，D选项“土楼：中国特色的居住与防御相结合的建筑”最符合文章标题。故选D。
D
Police should be allowed to use facial recognition to investigate specific crimes and to protect the public at major events, according to the first national survey of the public's attitude to the technology. However, they are opposed to unrestricted use while two thirds (65 percent) of the public believe an absolute ban on the police would be wrong, Up to 70 percent backed its use to analyse faces on CCTV (闭路电视) to catch a suspect in an investigation or in day-to-day policing to prevent crime at events such as football matches or carnivals, The technology enables police to scan crowds and pick out faces that match huge databases of suspects.
There is, however, far less tolerance of its use by private (私人的) companies, whether to monitor shoppers or workers, or in schools if it was to be used to track children's behaviour or expressions. By a majority of almost two to one, the public believes that organizations should seek the permission of people before they start using facial recognition. Most also want a pause on any further use of the technology until publicly-agreed guidelines are in place on when and where it should be used.
More than half (55 percent) of the public believe the Government should limit police use of facial recognition to criminal investigations, though half also saw it as no different to taking photographs or using CCTV. Of those who were comfortable with its use, 80 percent said it was because it was “beneficial for the security of society”,
There was also a majority in favour of the technology where there was personal benefit, with 54 percent backing its use to unlock a smartphone by recognizing an owner’s face and with passport checks at airports where it can speed up queues.
12. Why is the technology of facial recognition significant to the police
A. It helps them better investigate criminal cases.
B. It is a good way to control private companies.
C. It can recognize and catch suspects.
D. It mainly gets fully support from all walks of life.
13. What can we know about the technology according to paragraph 2
A. It is believed to go against publicly-agreed guidelines.
B. It is helpful to track students’ behavior at home.
C. It is a potential threat to privacy.
D. It is popular among shoppers, workers and private companies.
14. What conclusion can we draw about the application of the technology
A. It should be banned totally.
B. It should be open to police undoubtedly.
C. It is a double-edged sword.
D. It benefits the society in every aspect.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Should the police free use facial recognition
B. Should facial recognition be applied to airports
C. Should facial recognition protect the privacy of the public
D. Should private companies use facial recognition without limit
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文，短文对“警察应该自由地使用面部识别吗？”提出了不同的观点。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Police should be allowed to use facial recognition to investigate specific crimes and to protect the public at major events, according to the first national survey of the public's attitude to the technology.”（根据首次全国公众对面部识别技术态度调查，警方应被允许使用面部识别技术调查特定犯罪，并在重大事件中保护公众）由此可知，面部识别技术对警察很重要是因为这有助于他们更好地调查犯罪案件。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“There is, however, far less tolerance of its use by private (私人) companies, whether to monitor shoppers or workers, or in schools if it was to be used to track children's behaviour or expressions.”（然而，对于私营公司使用它来监控购物者或工人，或者在学校里使用它来跟踪孩子的行为或表情，人们的容忍程度要低得多）由此可知，这项技术对隐私构成潜在威胁。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题，根据倒数第二段“More than half (55 percent) of the public believe the Government should limit police use of facial recognition to criminal investigations, though half also saw it as no different to taking photographs or using CCTV. Of those who were comfortable with its use, 80 percent said it was because it was ‘beneficial for the security of society’（超过一半（55%）的公众认为政府应该限制警方在刑事调查中使用面部识别，尽管一半的人认为这与拍照或使用闭路电视没有什么区别。在那些对它的使用感到满意的人中，80%的人说这是因为它“有利于社会安全”）由此判断出，这项技术的应用是把双刃剑。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Police should be allowed to use facial recognition to investigate specific crimes and to protect the public at major events, according to the first national survey of the public's attitude to the technology. However, they are opposed to unrestricted use”（根据首次全国公众对面部识别技术态度调查，警方应被允许使用面部识别技术调查特定犯罪，并在重大事件中保护公众。然而，他们反对无限制的使用），根据倒数第二段“ More than half (55 percent) of the public believe the Government should limit police use of facial recognition to criminal investigations, though half also saw it as no different to taking photographs or using CCTV.”（超过一半（55%）的公众认为政府应该限制警方在刑事调查中使用面部识别，尽管一半的人认为这与拍照或使用闭路电视没有什么区别）由此可知，文对 “警察应该自由地使用面部识别吗？”提出了不同的观点。由此可知短文的最佳标题为“警察应该自由地使用面部识别吗？”。故选A项。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 25 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
【17题详解】
分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
【18题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
【19题详解】
分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
20题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
【点睛】
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各小题所给的四个选项(A，B，C，D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
What does it mean to leave something better than you found it For Breon Dennis Jr. , it ___21___lots of hard work, flexibility, unity, and passion.
Breon is from Louisiana, and came to Dallas Baptist University in the late 2000s to ___22___his undergraduate degree. While at DBU, Breon began ___23___at the Rangers Baseball Club. Following this, he___24___his Master’s degree from DBU. Currently, Breon worked as the Vice President of the Roughriders Foundation. During the 6 seasons with the RoughRiders, he has already seen his ___25___in the community.
As the VP of the RoughRiders Foundation, his ultimate ___26___is to mentor (指导) others and see others mentored, both professionally and ___27___. As a leader, through the ___28___he puts on, such as food drives and environmental outreach (环保宣传), Breon ___29___to help others reach their full potential. He allows them to feel comfortable in their own skin. He also ___30___them to grow in leadership themselves.
A key part to Breon’s philosophy in helping others to ___31___is to embrace (接受) their failures. He has learned to ___32___his failures and grow from them, which he tries to ___33___along to others. Through his time at Rangers Basebal Club, and now the RoughRiders, Breon has made foundational ___34___of servant leadership and intentionality in the community. That has guided him to lead others to be the ___35___they can be—to embrace their failures, and use the growth they experience to help others do the same.
21. A. shows B. includes C. collects D. involves
22. A. obtain B. learn C. find D. make
23. A. studying B. training C. working D. living
24. A. earned B. finished C. lost D. kept
25. A. labor B. management C. influence D. project
26. A. reward B. desire C. effort D. hobby
27. A. personally B. mentally C. physically D. financially
28. A. businesses B. events C. occasions D. tasks
29. A. demands B. prefers C. seeks D. promises
30. A. expects B. teaches C. shows D. encourages
31. A. grow B. love C. succeed D. enjoy
32. A. meet with B. agree with C. live with D. begin with
33. A. bring B. take C. move D. pass
34. A. effects B. knowledge C. values D. standards
35. A. richest B. best C. smartest D. strongest
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Breon Dennis Jr. 通过自己的努力，通过举办，比如食品募捐和环保宣传等活动，Breo帮助其他人发挥他们的全部潜力，让其他人成为最好的自己
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于Breon Dennis Jr. 来说，这需要大量的艰苦工作、灵活性、团结和激情。A. shows显示；B. includes包含；C. collects收集；D. involves参与。结合下文“lots of hard work, flexibility, unity, and passion”可知，Breon Dennis通过大量的艰苦工作、灵活性、团结和激情，使得自己的获得成功，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Breon来自路易斯安那州，在2000年代后期来到达拉斯浸信会大学获得本科学位。A. obtain获得；B. learn学习；C. find找到；D. make制作。根据下文“his undergraduate degree”可知，此处指获得他的学位。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在 DBU 的时候，Breon开始在Rangers Baseball Club工作。A. studying学习；B. training培训；C. working工作；D. living居住。根据下文“Breon worked as the Vice President of the Roughriders Foundation”可知，从开始在 DBU 的时候，Breon就在Rangers Baseball Club工作。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：之后，他在 DBU 获得了硕士学位。目前， Breon是骑兵基金会的副主席。A.earned挣得；B. finished结束； C. lost失去；D. kept保持。根据下文“his Master’s degree from DBU”可知，他获得了硕士学位，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在 RoughRiders 的6个赛季中，他已经看到了自己在社区中的影响力。A. labor劳动； B. management管理； C. influence影响； D. project项目。根据下文“Through his time at Rangers Basebal Club, and now the RoughRiders, Breon has made foundational 14 of servant leadership and intentionality in the community. ”可知，Breon已经在社区中建立了服务型领导和意向性的基本价值观，所以此处指他看到了自己在社区中的影响力，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为 RoughRiders 基金会的副主席，他的最终愿望是指导其他人，并看到其他人得到指导，无论是专业的还是个人的。A. reward报酬；B. desire欲望；C. effort努力；D. hobby爱好。根据下文“to mentor (指导) others and see others mentored”可知，此处指他的愿望是指导其他人。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为 RoughRiders 基金会的副主席，他的最终愿望是指导其他人，并看到其他人得到指导，无论是专业的还是个人的。A. personally就个人而言；B. mentally精神地；C. physically物质地；D. financially经济地。根据下文“ to grow in leadership themselves.”可知，此处为在个人方面指导他们。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个领导者，通过他举办的活动，比如食品募捐和环保宣传，Breon寻求帮助其他人发挥他们的全部潜力。A. businesses商业；B. events事件；C. occasions场合；D. tasks任务。根据下文“such as food drives and environmental outreach”可知，这些都是他发起的事件，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个领导者，通过他举办的活动，比如食品募捐和环保宣传，Breon寻求帮助其他人发挥他们的全部潜力。A. demands要求；B. prefers偏爱；C. seeks寻找；寻求；D. promises答应。根据下文“to help others reach their full potential”可知，此处指通过他发起的一些事件，他寻求去帮助其他人发挥他们的全部潜力。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他还鼓励他们自己成长领导者。A. expects期望；B. teaches教；教授；C. shows展示；D. encourages鼓励。结合上文“help others reach their full potential”及下文“them to grow in leadership themselves”可知，此处指他鼓励他们自己成长为领导者。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Breon帮助他人成长的哲学的一个关键部分就是接受他们的失败。A. grow成长；B. love爱；C. succeed成功；D. enjoy享受。根据上文“He also 10 them to grow in leadership themselves.”可知，此处指Breon帮助他们成长的关键，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他已经学会了与失败共存，并从中成长，他试图将失败传递给其他人。A. meet with会合；碰面；B. agree with同意；C. live with和……一起居住；学会适应；D. begin with以……开始。根据前文“ embrace (接受) their failures”可知，此处指学会和失败共存，即学会适应失败，故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. bring带来；B. take带走；C. move搬家；D. pass传递。根据前文“He has learned to 12 his failures and grow from them”及下文“along to others”可知，此处指Breon学会了与失败共存，并从中成长，所以他试图将失败传递给其他人。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过他在 Rangers Basebal Club的时间，以及现在的RoughRiders，Breon已经在社区中建立了服务型领导和意向性的基本价值观。A. effects影响；B. knowledge知识；C. values价值观；D. standards标准。结合上文“to embrace (接受) their failures”可知，这是Breon的基本的价值观。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这引导他领导其他人成为最好的自己——接受他们的失败，并利用他们的成长经历来帮助其他人做同样的事情。A. richest最富有的；B. best最好的；C. smartest最聪明的；D. strongest最强壮的。根据前文“help others reach their full potential”可知，此处指帮助他们实现他们的潜能，即让他们成为最好的自己。故选B。
第Ⅱ卷(满分 55 分)
第三部分 英语知识运用
第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Grand Canal, the bloodline that flows through the hearts of Chinese people, has ____36____ history of more than 2,500 years. It ____37____ (consist) of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the Sui and Tang Grand Canal and the Zhedong Canal. The Grand Canal, the world’s longest man-made waterway ____38____ (shape) the culture and commerce of the country since it was built.
Before it was built, people in ancient China relied heavily ____39____ horses and oxen, or ____40____ (simple) traveled by foot to trade goods, which limited the extent to which goods could ____41____ (trade). In fact, the Grand Canal facilitated the transport of materials for the construction of the Forbidden City. The palace complex was built using materials from different parts of the country. ____42____ (resource) like the bricks fired in Shandong and Jiangsu were transported to the imperial (皇家的) city along the canal’s ____43____ (vary) sections.
The Grand Canal not only brought prosperity to cities along the route, ____44____ nourished the evolution of Chinese culture. It was an environment _____45_____ people could share their experiences, traditions and culture with others. Today, the boom of the area is a scene of the past, but the spirit of openness has become part of the local culture.
【答案】36. a 37. consists
38. has shaped
39. on 40. simply
41. be traded
42. Resources
43. various
44. but 45. where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大运河的历史演变以及重要作用。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：大运河，流淌在中国人心中的血脉，已有2500多年的历史。短语have a history of表示“有……的历史”，history的发音是辅音音素开头，故填a。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：它由京杭大运河、隋唐大运河和浙江运河组成。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故填consists。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：大运河是世界上最长的人工水道，自建成以来，它就塑造了这个国家的文化和商业。根据后文since it was built可知为现在完成时，主语为the world’s longest man-made waterway，助动词用has。故填has shaped。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：在它建成之前，古代中国的人们严重依赖马和牛，或者干脆步行来交易货物，这限制了货物的交易范围。relied on“依靠，依赖”为固定短语。故填on。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：在它建成之前，古代中国的人们严重依赖马和牛，或者干脆步行来交易货物，这限制了货物的交易范围。此处为副词simply修饰动词traveled。故填simply。
【41题详解】
考查语态。句意：在它建成之前，古代中国的人们严重依赖马和牛，或者干脆步行来交易货物，这限制了货物的交易范围。主语goods与谓语trade构成被动关系，且空前有could，故此处用be traded构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填be traded。
【42题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：山东和江苏烧制的砖块等资源沿着运河的各个部分运往皇城。空处为句子主语，根据后文like the bricks fired in Shandong and Jiangsu和were可知主语为复数，首字母大写。故填Resources。
43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：山东和江苏烧制的砖块等资源沿着运河的各个部分运往皇城。修饰名词sections应用形容词various，故填various。
【44题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：大运河不仅给沿线城市带来了繁荣，也孕育了中国文化的发展。表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but (also)…。故填but。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：这是一个人们可以与他人分享经验、传统和文化的环境。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词environment在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节(满分 15 分)
46. 假定你是校英语报记者，下周你校将举办迎新年校园艺术节，请你写一篇宣传稿，内容包括：
1. 活动目的;
2. 活动内容;
3. 呼吁参加。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A New Year Campus Art Festival
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】A New Year Campus Art Festival
Aimed to arouse students’ awareness of promoting traditional Chinese culture, a New Year Campus Art Festival is to be held next week.
During the festival, our headmaster is planning to deliver a presentation about the history of the New Year Festival, which will enrich our knowledge of Chinese traditions. After that, students are expected to appreciate exhibition showing people’s love to the New Year Festival. What may attract us most is that there will be a great show given by our students at the end of the festival.
I’m firmly convinced that you’ll benefit a lot from the festival and enjoy yourself. Just participate in it!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给即将举办的迎新年校园艺术节写一篇宣传稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
目标是：aimed to do →for the purpose of
计划：plan to do → be scheduled to do
确信：convince→sure
玩得开心： enjoy yourself→ have fun/have a good time
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Aimed to arouse students’ awareness of promoting traditional Chinese culture, a New Year Campus Art Festival is to be held next week.
拓展句：In order that we can arouse students’ awareness of promoting traditional Chinese culture, a New Year Campus Art Festival is to be held next week.
【点睛】【高分句型1】During the festival, our headmaster is planning to deliver a presentation about the history of the New Year Festival, which will enrich our knowledge of Chinese traditions. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】What may attract us most is that there will be a great show given by our students at the end of the festival.（运用了what引导主语从句以及that引导的表语从句）
第二节(满分 25 分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I often go climbing with my friend Mel Olsen, whom I'd met in a Face-book group. Two years ago, on December 30, when I was 16, she and I drove to Oregon to tackle 11, 240-foot Mount Hood. My parents were happy I'd finally found a hobby.
It's safer to start winter climbs at night when there's less risk of the sun melting the snowpack. That day, we started at 3 a. m, following the paths alongside the ski runs. The temperature was about14 degrees. Along the way, we met two other climbers, and the four of us continued on together.
After about five hours, we reached Devil's Kitchen, a plateau at about 10, 000 feet, just before the final push to the top. By this point, the wind was violent. My exposed skin felt as though it were burning. The other climbers decided to turn back, but Mel and I went ahead. We had ice axes, helmets, and crampons (冰爪). We were prepared for the climb.
The trail we followed grew narrower and steeper. Suddenly, I heard a crack, and a whole block of ice broke off the ice step, right under my foot.
In an instant, I fell backward. I could hear Mel calling my name as I rolled down the mountain as if I were a character in a video game. I stuck out my arms and legs, grabbing at anything. My clothes were torn into pieces, my helmet was broken, and my face was bloodied from cuts and scratches. Then I took a survey of my body to see where I was hurt, starting with my head, then my neck and arms. For the most part, I was fine, except that I was suffering from a sharp pain in my left leg.
As Mel made her way down, I shouted for help, and other climbers came to assist me. A couple of them were trained EMTs. They fixed my leg and called Portland Mountain Rescue. Mel stayed by my side while I tried not to cry from the pain.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I'd been lying on the ice shaking and aching for four hours by the time the rescuers reached me.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The fall on a mountain can change everything.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I’d been lying on the ice shaking and aching for four hours by the time the rescuers reached me. They gave me first aid quickly and pulled me down the mountain. I screamed with each move, but still I had a pretty high pain tolerance. Step by step, with my teeth clenched ,we finally arrived at the bottom of Mount Hood where I was loaded into an ambulance and taken to a hospital. I stayed therefor four days. The doctors told me it would be a year before I could climb again, but I was determined to go back climbing as soon as I could.
The fall on a mountain can change everything. But the experience also made me grow as a person. There was a lot of media attention following the accident. Some said I should go back to India. I think handling all that at such a young age helped me grow up.Since the accident, I’ve climbed another 60 mountains. I’m not going to let one fall and its aftereffect keep me from doing my favorite thing in the world. I loved the challenge of conquering something bigger than myself. (168w)
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和好友梅尔·奥尔森爬山时突发意外，严重受伤，康复后仍坚持爬山的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“救援人员赶到我身边时，我已经躺在冰上发抖疼痛了四个小时。”可知，第一段可描写作者最终获救并入院接受治疗。
②由第二段首句内容“从山上摔下来会改变一切。”可知，第二段可描写这次意外事故引起的关注、作者坚持爬山以及感悟。
2.续写线索：最终获救——入院接受治疗——媒体关注——坚持爬山——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①尖叫、大喊：scream/shout
②.到达：arrive at /get to
③.回到：go back to/return to
情绪类
①.咬紧牙关（克服困难）：with my teeth clenched / set my teeth
②.热爱：love/ be keen on
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Step by step, with my teeth clenched ,we finally arrived at the bottom of Mount Hood where I was loaded into an ambulance and taken to a hospital.（运用了with的复合结构以及where引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]. I think handling all that at such a young age helped me grow up.（运用了动名词作主语）
听力答案：1-20 ABACB BCBAC ACBAC BABAC
