2015高考英语川渝两地阅读理解专题选练及答案【24份打包】

【由江西省吉安一中2014模拟改编】
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Historians usually j ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ust study great things that happened in the past time, but Drew Faust has made history! On February 11, 2007, Faust was named president of Harvard University. She is the first woman to hold the position in the school’s 371-year history.
“I am a historian ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),” she said. “I’ve spent a lot of time thinking about the past, and about how it shapes the future. No university in the country, perhaps the world, has as remarkable a past as Harvard’s.”
“And our common e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nterprise is to make Harvard’s future even more remarkable than its past. That will mean recognizing and building on what we already do well. It will also mean recognizing what we don’t do as well as we should, and not being satisfied until we find ways to do better.”
It is her grea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t desire for improvement and willingness to try out new ideas that have given Drew success in a world controlled by men. “This is a man’s world, my girl, and the sooner you learn that, the better off you’ll be.” Drew Faust recalls her mother telling her this when she was young, but she didn’t buy it.
Faust grew up in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a well-off family in Virginia’s Shenandoah Valley in the 1950s. Even then, she was a trailblazer(先驱). A conversation with her family’s black handyman (零工) and driver inspired her to write a letter, on school notebook paper, to President Dwight Eisenhower.
She asked that he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )help bring US citizens together in the south, a much divided part of the country at the time.
“Drew Faust is a h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )istorian with her eyes on the future,” said Susan Graham, a professor of Harvard. Many of the university’s schools said that they believe Harvard will have a brighter future under the leadership of Drew Faust.
1. Why does the writer say Drew Faust has made history
A. Because she is a historian.
B. Because she was president of Harvard University.
C. Because she wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s the first woman to be president of Harvard University.
D. Because Harvard has a remarkable past
2. What do we know about historians
A. They usually study great things that happened in the past.
B. They are usually presidents of universities.
C. They are usually born in well-off families.
D. They are usually women.
3. What does the underlined word “buy” in the fourth paragraph mean
A. accept B. expect C. purchase D. afford
4. What did her mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther mean by saying “This is a man’s world, my girl...”
A. To encourage her to do man’s work.
B. To tell her to do things as a girl should do.
C. To ask her to be well-off.
D. To expect her to be a historian.
5. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Faust was born in the north of the US.
B. She wrote a le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tter to President Eisenhower when she became president of Harvard.
C. Faust’s d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esire for improvement and willingness to try out new ideas has given her success.
D. Historians just care about great things that happened in the past.
【参考答案】1—5、CAABC
【2014高考英语湖北省襄阳市统考试题】C
It's typi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cal of parents to feel depressed when the moment comes for their child to leave home and go to university．Even parents who don't speak about the event are likely to feel a sense of sadness because it's the end of an era where you and your family were at the centre of your child's world．As a parent you'll probably continue to support your child in different ways, but the main job of raising your child is over．It's a huge change for everyone involved．
There are a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )few things that you can do to make the change easier． Plan carefully for your child's departure and think about how you can help． Many parents take their child to university for the first time． If you decide to do that, be ready to feel a real sorrow when the time comes to say goodbye．Your child will probably be as nervous as you are about the moment when you finally say goodbye-but that might not show！
Be positive a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd cheerful about the choice your child has made to continue studying, and plan to leave once you've unpacked the car and looked around your child's new living accommodations．If you can, save your tears for the car - you'll make things easier on your child and yourself．
The more you'v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e invested in being a parent, the more you'll feela sense of loss, so the sadness you feel now is a sign that you've been a good morn or dad． Remind yourself that parenting is all about raising an independent and confident child who functions well without you．If your child quickly settles and starts enjoying himself, you should congratulate yourself．
Agree on the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )best approach to staying in touch before your child leaves, and stick to your agreement．Try not to panic if your child doesn't respond immediately-remember, they're starting a new and busy life．
59． Why do parents feel sad when their child leaves home for college？
A． Because the absence of their child makes them feel lonely．
B． Because their children will start a new life in college．
C． Because it m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eans the end of love between parents and their child．
D． Because t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hey are no longer the main focus of their children's life．
60． Which is advocated by the writer to make the departure easier？
A． Let your child go to school alone．
B． Make appropriate arrangements in advance．
C． Stay calm when saying goodbye to your child．
D． Keep cheerful when parting from your child．
61． What does good parenting really mean？
A． Supporting your child in different ways all the time．
B． Congratulating yourself when your child goes to college．
C． Preparing your child to stand on their own feet in the future．
D． Investing as much as possible in the growth of your child．
62． What would be an appropriate title for the whole passage？
A． Staying in Touch with Your Child
B． Parenting——a Complex Task
C． Being Prepared for Your Child Leaving Home for University
D． Life when Your Child Has Left Home for University
【参考答案】59-62：DBCC
阅读理解-------Passage five(Meditation in Indonesian Business)
It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the inner self.’
One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.
1.What is the most important factor in their doing business
[A] Mysticism.
Religion.
[C] Meditation.
[D] Investment.
2.Whom do they consult
[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.
Wali Ullah.
[C] Old Kings.
[D] Carnegie.
3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’
[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.
To show they too focused on qualifications.
[C] To show they hired qualified persons.
[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.
4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is
[A] to gain profit from the god.
to gain peace of mind to make decision.
[C] to gain foreknowledge.
[D] to gain objective conclusion.
5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to
[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.
Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.
[C] Contact with God.
[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.
Vocabulary
file into 鱼贯而入，排队进去
Jakarta 雅加达
meditate 沉思，冥想，反省
Java 爪哇
Javanese 爪哇的
mysticism 神秘主义
boost 促进，增加，提高
devout 虔诚的，热诚的
appeal (to) 向……呼吁，求助于，魅力
legend 传说，神话
fasting 禁食，斋戒
hold onto 抓紧，保住
personnel management system 人事管理制度
perspective investment 远景投资
venture （商业）投机，风险
sharpen 使……敏锐/尖锐，磨尖
business slide 买卖/企业滑坡，下滑
turn around （生意）好转，转变
subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的
cybernetics 控制论
Carnegie 卡耐基
tap 开拓，选择
难句译注
Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.
【参考译文】在印尼神秘主义似乎涉及到印尼生活的各个方面，商业也不例外。
Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.
【参考译文】这些虔诚的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他们的祈求呼吁跟爪哇当地的神秘主义相结合。他们通过这一途径积极热情地拓展商业买卖和宗教信仰。
Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.
【参考译文】恰当的工作岗位使用合适的人选，对企业决策具有信心使形式好转的关键。它给你带来拓展和利润。（或任人唯贤，指挥若定使扭亏增盈，大展宏图的关键。）
Search for the inner self.
【参考译文】探索内心的自我。
Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.
【参考译文】类似心理控制论、卡耐基思想、增长率、或者积极思考能力等观点是西方开拓高智能的办法，而我们是通过沉思冥想来和高智能联系的。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇新闻报导，讲述印度尼西亚商人如何经营公司。主要采用一般到具体写作手法。一开始就点明他们以独特的方式――不看文件，不听汇报，而是闭上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精灵请示来经营。这种神秘主义几乎涉及印尼生活的各个领域，商业也不例外。后面每段都围绕这一主题而写。第二段写来源。第三段，应用于商业方面的具体例子，第四段，和西方管理方法对比。
答案详解
1.C 沉思。这在第一断已有说明。
A. 神秘主义。是个总的概念，笼罩生活各方面。而不是具体的做法和重要因素。 B. 宗教。 D. 投资。
2.A 爪哇古代帝王之精灵。答案在第一段。
B. Wali Ullah是指印度穆斯林商人。这些虔诚的商人叫做Wali Ullah或者成为接近主的人。传说神话也把先知的力量归功于Wali Ullah。C. 老帝王。D. 卡耐基，1835-1919是生于苏格兰的美国钢铁工业家和慈善家。他有一套管理企业的办法，称为卡耐基思想（管理法）。
3.B 他们也重视资历、才能。这在第三段中第二行起，商人 Hadisiko讲话清楚说明“如果我们要雇佣管理人员，我们就一起沉思，常常会有这种信息来临：这个人不能管理钱财或者他不可靠。也可能神灵告诉我们应当雇佣他。接着他匆忙补充说他的公司也采用现代人事管理系统，即要考虑雇佣的人员最根本的条件仍是正式资历”。
A. 他认为神秘主义不像想象中那么好。C. 表明他们雇佣人才。上下文说明，他所以补充是说明他们也重视资格。D. 表明科学管理和宗教结合的可能性。Hadisike语中没有这种意思。但不能说他们雇佣人才不管宗教。
4.B 得到冷静头脑来决策。这在第三段后半部分讲到。“远景的投资也是通过神秘的沉思加以考虑。有着放松和开放的头脑，易于客观地判断新投资的风险。沉思和过去领袖的接触会是你的洞察力和感官变得敏锐。”第一段第五行“其中一位沉思者说每星期的沉思会主要目标是带来一个平静的头脑，作出好决策。”
A. 从上帝那里得到利润。 C. 取得先知。不对，先知的能力归于Wali Ullah。D. 得到客观的结论。文内只提到，头脑放松容易客观地判断投资风险与否，并不是客观的结论。
5.B 没有沉思和斋戒的常规作生意。见第三段中，神秘的沉思帮助扭转公司生意滑坡而正常买卖步骤，这一年就损失了300万美元。这两句对比的话说明B项内容。
A. 采用西方买卖方式（交易方式）。文内没有点明正常就是西方方式。C. 和上帝接触。D. 知人善任。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Maggie was very glad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that James was not a frequent visitor to the house. So far as the children were concerned, they had a mystery about him that stirred their imagination. He stirred Maggie’s anger, however, so that she often said to her husband, “It’s mercy that brother of yours doesn’t come oftener.”
In fact James came ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) once a year, unexpectedly, around eight o’clock in the evening, and he stayed for six hours of close discussion with his brother. His arrival was a signal to the children that their bedtime would be delayed. Not that he ever spoke to them or played with them. He took no notice of them, as if he was unable to see children, at least until the time came for him to go. Instead, after his first greeting and a careless kiss, James took no notice of Maggie either, except to add, “You’ll be getting on with the supper, Maggie.” Such was his regard for her.
Maggie paid hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m back in her own way. She kept the children up, the four of them, to keep her company, she said, but of course they sang and made a noise and broke the endless sound of James’s voice. Very late, they dropped off to sleep in their chairs. Then, when James was about to go, Maggie woke them up and so more or less forced him to part with four shillings before he left. That gave her some satisfaction, for James, though rich, was mean. He always went home by the last train, just after two o’clock.
Maggie’s children sec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )retly stared at their uncle. They could not forget that he had, in their mother’s words, “lost two wives and taken a third, ” They wondered about those two unfortunate lost ladies. They asked each other what their fate had been, and if neither could ever be found again. James never brought his third wife with him nor ever mentioned her. The children decided that he must be so frightened of losing her that he never allowed her outside the door.
1. The underlined w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ord “mercy” in the text most probably means _______.
A. loss B. wonder C. lucky thing D. terrible thing
2. Maggie never prepared anything special for James because _______.
A. he was a man difficult to please
B. she never knew when he was coming
C. she was too busy looking after her children
D. he never stayed long enough for a meal
3. What do we know about James’ behavior
A. He was a kind man, with love for the family.
B. He was generous, especially towards his brother.
C. He was anxious to please the family, especially the kids.
D. He was rude to his sister-in-law.
4. Maggie felt pleased when _______.
A. she paid James the money that she owed him
B. James gave some money to the children
C. she had to wake James up to catch his train
D. James thanked her for the nice supper
5. The children did not realize that two of James’ wives _______.
A. had been dead B. suffered from loss of memory
C. had run away from him D. might appear again one day
【答案与解析】
本文讲Maggie和她的孩子们对他们的叔叔James来访的不欢迎。
1. C。词义猜测题。Maggie不喜欢James的来访, 由此可以说他不常来是一件幸运的事，所以答案为C。
2. B。事实细节题。根据 In fact James came once a year, unexpectedly可知答案为B。
3. D。推理判断题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据 except to add, “You’ll be getting on with the supper, Maggie.” Such was his regard for her可知他对Maggie的态度不是很友好，故答案为D。
4. B。推理判断题。根据 Magg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ie woke them up and so more or less forced him to part with four shillings before he left. That gave her some satisfaction可知答案为B。
5. A。推理判断题。根据 They ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wondered about those two unfortunate lost ladies可知答案为A。
【2014高考英语湖北省襄阳市统考试题】D
When asking ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w they define the American Dream and chances, most people will say,"Success．" The dream of individual opportunity has been present in America since Europeans discovered "The New World" in the Western Hemisphere． Early immigrants like Hector St． Jean de Crevecoeur highly praised the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land． His enthusiastic descriptions of a classless society where anyone could．attain success through honesty and hard work motivated the imaginations of many European readers．In Letters from an American Farmer（1782）he wrote, "We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered（无拘无束的）and unrestricted, because each person works for himself…We have no princes, for whom we work, starve, and bleed． We are the most perfect society now existing in the world．" The promise of a land where "the rewards of a man's industry_ follow the progress of his labor with equal steps" drew poor immigrants from Europe into the western lands．
Our nationa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l historical story is full of illustration of the American success story． For instance, Benjamin Franklin was the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman． In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American's best-selling author with his rags-to-riches tales, The idea of success impressed us: we spend millions every year reading about the rich and famous, leaming how to "make a fortune in real estate（房地产）with no money down," and "dressing for success．" The story of success has even affected our personal relationships: today it's as important to be "successful" in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business．
But dreams easily ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )turn into nightmares（梦魇）．Every American who hopes to "make it" also knows the fear of failure, because the story of success implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the unknown crowd．Under pressure of the story, we become lost in status symbols: we try to live in the "right" neighborhoods, wear the "right" clothes, and eat the "right" foods．These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet try as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens．
63． What is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r ature of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur？
A． People are free to develop their power of imagination．
B． People who have a good marriage can succeed．
C． People are free from being used and treated badly．
D． People can fully enjoy individual freedom．
64． By saying "the rew ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ards of a man's industry follow the progress of his labor with equal steps", the author means ．
A． the more hard-working one is, the bigger his returns are
B． hard work ensures the growth of an industry
C． a man's business should be developed step by step
D． a comp．any's success depends on its employees' hard work
65． It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ．
A． business success often contributes to a successful marriage
B． Americans wish to succeed in every aspect of life
C． good personal relationships lead to business success
D． successful business people provide good care for their children
66． Which of the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llowing is contradictory according to the American culture？
A． The American road to success is full of nightmares．
B． Status symbols are not a real symbol of a person's wealth．
C． The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream．
D． What Americans fight for often disagrees with their beliefs．
【参考答案】63-66：DABD
阅读理解课堂练学案（3）
Passage six ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Dropouts for Ph. D. s)
Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.
Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’
“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”
Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.
Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.
Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.
Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.
As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.
1.The author states that many educators feel that
[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.
the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.
[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.
[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.
2.Research has shown that
[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.
the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.
[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.
[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.
[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.
is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.
[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.
[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.
4.After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that
[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.
a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.
[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.
[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.
5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in
[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.
academic requirement too high.
[C] salary for dropouts too high.
[D] 1000 positions.
Vocabulary
dropout 辍学者，中途退学
well-rounded 全面的
attrition 缩/减员，磨损
drain 枯竭
bracket 一类人，（尤指按收入分类的）阶层
lagging behind other fields 落后于其它领域
glum 阴郁的
难句译注
Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s.
【参考译文】教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学的高比率；这对迫切需要博士生的国家是一个人才方面的严重损失。
It was base on 22,000questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
【结构分析】sent过去分词，修饰questionnaires。Who定语从句修饰students。
【参考译文】这份全面调查报告是以22000份调查表分送给以前在24所大学就读的博士生为基础的。这份全面调查报告似乎说明过去许多担心害怕是没有根据的。
Attrition at the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity.
【结构分析】被动句。To capacity满额，全力。
【参考译文】博士水平的人员的缩减被认为是宝贵的教授时间的浪费和已经被使用到极限的大学资源的枯竭。
This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
【结构分析】the fact的同位语that从句中的where是定语从句，修饰academic fields。
【参考译文】这也可能表明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍然落后于其它领域。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇论及“博士生辍学”的文章。采用对比和因果手法。文章一开始就提出教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学达50％的问题。而调查报告证明，只有31％。辍学造成不良后果，有人建议中途退学者回炉再念博士学位学业。研究表明不行。列出理由并加以分析。
答案详解
1.A. 许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。这在第三段最后一句话：“有些人建议高级专家和大学教师短缺现象可以通过劝说辍学者返回校园完成博士学位来减少。”
B. 辍学者应回到稍第几的学校去完成学业。 C. 有博士学位的人一般比辍学者具有较好的适应性。 D. 高辍学率主要原因在于教师方面缺乏刺激鼓励。这三项文内没有提。
2.D.约三分之一开始就读博士学位的人没有完成学业取得学位。第二段第一句：“辍学率为31％。大多数情况下，辍学人不能完成博士学位学业，就去从事生产性工作”。
A. 辍学者的经济收入比博士生低许多。这是错的。见倒数第二段：“作为辍学者干得真不错的证明，统计图表说明2％人文学科的辍学者年收入为20000多没劲，没有一个同样背景的博士生达到这个数字。7000至15000美元年收入水平为博士生的78％，辍学者仅为50％。” B. 在博士学习中刺激因素较小。 C. 博士预备生如果中途退学很可能改变其专业领域。
3.C. 博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分。这在第四段有所表示：“约75％的退学者说，他们决定退学并不是处于学术的原因，而处于学术原因的退学者提出：难以通过资格考试，难以完成研究，通不过外语考试”。这里看出外语是博士生课程的基本组成部分。
A. 它是退学最频繁的原因。 B. 它对理科博士生比文科博士应考生更难。 D. 它在大学中的难度并没有不同。
4.A. 读完这篇文章，人们不会有这种结论。这在第三段末和最后一段。第三段末：“我们研究的结果并不支持这些一件（包括返回校园之意见）：⑴缺乏动力是退学的主要原因。⑵大多数退学者在博士课程上已经达到和他们的能力水平和专业水平相一致的水平。⑶大多数退学者现在从事的工作和他们所受教育和动机相一致。”最后一段：“至于返回校园的可能性，前景不乐观。至少有25％的退学生可能考虑返回研究生院就读，条件是保证他们保留现有的收入水平，有些还要保留他们目前的工作。”
B. 博士生退学者，大体而论，并不具备得到学位所需要的一切。 C. 学院和大学雇佣了许多退学生。 D. 博士生在非学术岗位上没有挣到他们应得的钱。B.、C.两项文内没提。D.不对，参见难句译注4。
5.A. 博士生的工资太低。见第四题A.的译注和难句译注4。
B. 学术要求太高。这只是某些因学术原因辍学者之强调点。 C. 辍学者工资太高。不是太高而是有一部分高于博士生。见第二题D项注释。 D. 职位低。文内没有提。【由内蒙古包头市201模拟改编】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Millions of sport ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s lovers are sill thinking about one thing----the Winter Olympics in Sochi Russia. close to 2900 men and women competed in the 2014 Winter Games about a month ago.
The Olympics brought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a lot of attention to Sochi，a city on the black Sea, which is a popular area for vacation travelers. The area is known for its mild winters，with warm to summer.
At least $50 billion ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was spent on the 2014 Winter Games, making it the costliest Olympics in history. Seven billion dollars was spent on the 2010 Winter Games in Vancouver, Canada. Olympic officials chose Sochi to host the 2014 games almost seven years ago, At that time，Russian President Vladimir Putin said the games would cost about $13 billion. Yet times his estimate. So where did all the money go
Some observer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s say the high cost is partly the result of security measures. Brian Jenkins，a terrorism expert from the RAND Corporation，gave the following explanation. 'There were anywhere between 70 ,000 and 100 , 000 policemen and military troops deployed around the city.
The main threat c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ame from separatist and Islamist groups from the North Caucasus, especially from Chechnya and Dagestan. One group claimed responsibility for two suicide bombings in Volgograd last December. The attacks killed more than 30 people. The city is only about 600 kilometers away from Sochi.
Bruce Hoffman ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is a terrorism export from Georgetown University in Washington DC. He says the increased security made Sochi a difficult target for terrorists.
It is thought that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the terrorists' intention was to make life difficult for the Russians and to create some sort of incident that would take away the enjoyment.
The last Olympians fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om around the world on Russian soil was in 1980 .That was a year after Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan. More than sixty countries didn’t take part in the Moscow Summer Games to show their anger.
1. According to the pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssage, why did the Sochi Winter Olympics cost so much
A. Because it was held at an area popular for vacation travelers.
B. Becauae the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Russian government wanted to make it the best ever held.
C. Because security measures at Sochi were stricter than before.
D. Because the original plan was made 7 years before.
2. It can be known from the passage that Bruce Hoffman was
A. a terrorism expert from the USA
B.the writer who wrote this article
C. an athlete who competed in Sochi
D. a terrorism expert from RAND Corporation
3. Which of the following is false
A. Sochi Olympics cost about 4 times as estimated.
B. Next winter Olympics will be held in Vancouver.
C. Many countries refused. to attend the 1980 Olympics.
D.Security is often a problem in international sport games.
4. The terrorists might have attacked Sochi Olympics because
A. they wanted to make trouble for the Russians
B.they thought Russia shouldn't spend so much on sport
C. they thought Putin was not a nice president
D. they were not interested in winter sports
【参考答案】1--4、CABA
【2014高考英语湖北省武昌区调研试题】C
Seven spe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cies of carp（鲤鱼） native to Asia have been introduced into United States waters in recent decades, but it's four in particular－bighead, black, grass and silver－that worry ecologists, biologists, fishers and policymakers alike． Introduced in the southeast to help control weeds and parasites in aquaculture （水产养殖） operations, these fish soon spread up the Mississippi River system where they have been crowding out native fish populations not used to competing with such aggressive invaders． The carps' presence in such numbers is also harming water quality and killing off sensitive species．
Asian carp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are strong to jump over barriers such as low dams． They lay hundreds of thousands of eggs at a time and spread into new habitat quickly and easily． Also, flooding has helped the fish expand into previously unattainable water bodies． And fishers using young carp as live bait have also helped the fish's spread, as they have boats going through locks up and down the Mississippi．
The federal gov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ernment considers the Asian carps to be annoying species and encourages and supports "active control" by natural resources management agencies． Federal and state governments have spent millions in tax dollars to prevent the carp from making their way into the Great Lakes, but an underwater electric fence constructed to keep them out has not worked as well as hoped, and policymakers are reviewing other options now．
In the meantime ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), state and federal agencies are monitoring the Mississippi and its branches for Asian carp and testing various barrier technologies to prevent their further spread． For instance, the National Park Service is cooperating with the state of Minnesota's Department of Natural Resources to construct new dams that are high enough to prevent Asian carp from jumping over． The Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee has funded DNA monitoring in potentially affected water bodies whereby researchers can determine whether the troublesome fish are present just by the biological footprints they leave behind． Individuals can do their part by not transporting fish, bait or even water from one water body to another, and by emptying and washing boats before moving them between different water bodies．
59．Asian carp have been introduced to the USA in order to 。
A．improve water quality
B．help sensitive species
C．control the number of native fishes
D．control the ecosystem in aquaculture
60．How many reasons ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are mentioned for Asian carp's wide spread in America in this passage
A．One B．Two C． Three D． Four
61．The measu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re to keep Asian carp out of the Great Lake but proved not good is ____．
A．testing various barrier technologies
B．construction of an underwater electric fence
C．Emptying and washing boats before using them．
D．monitoring the Mississippi and its branches for Asian carp
62．It is suggested from the passage that
A．aquaculture operations are dangerous to the water bodies
B．scientific tec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hnology is useless in preventing Asian carp spreading
C．both the state and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the individuals can make efforts to keep out Asian carp
D．Asian carp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have successfully invaded the Mississippi and the Great Lakes
【参考答案】59-62 DDBC
阅读理解
Men have alway ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s believed that they are smarter than women. Now, a study has found that while this is certainly true, men also have to deal with the fact that they are also more stupid than the fairer sex.
In the study, s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cientists measured the IQ of 2500 brothers and sisters and they found an uneven number of men not only in the top two percent, but also in the bottom two percent.
The study's parti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cipants were tested on science, maths, English and mechanical abilities.
Though there we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re twice as many men as women in the smartest group, there were also twice as many men among the dolts.
The aggregate scores of men and women were similar.
One of the study's a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uthors, psychology professor Timothy Bates, said that the phenomenon may be because men have always been expected to be high achievers and women have been restricted to spend more time taking care of their home.
"The female developmen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tal program may be tilted more towards ensuring survival and the safety of the middle ground.," the Daily Mail quoted Professor Bates, of Edinburgh University, as saying.
The research t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )allies with past results that men were more likely than women to receive first class University degrees or thirds and women secured the seconds.
It has been said that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) men are more ready to take risk when it comes to academics. Women have always found to be steadier in their learning.
A past study ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has shown that women are securing more firsts and seconds, while men are continuing to receive more thirds.
The argument ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for the change is that the increase of coursework at the cost of exams favors women's steady approach.
16. The purpose of the passage is to tell us that ________.
A. man are smarter then women
B. man are more stupid the women
C. a new fact about the IQ of men and women has been found
D. men are more likely to receive first class university degrees
17 According to T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imothy Bates, less women are in the smartest group because _________.
A. they are born stupid
B. they have to spend more time to tale care of their home than men
C. they don’t like to take risk
D. they are not expected to be high achievers
18. The unde ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rlined word tallies with in the eighth paragraph means________.
A. agree with B. deal with C. go against D. go with
19. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A. Women are steadier in their learning.
B. men are more ready to take risk in everything
C. women are securing more firsts and seconds
D. women are doing much better in academy
20. Which of the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollowing questions has NOT been discussed in the passage
A. Why are men smarter than women
B. Why are men more stupid than women
C. How does the result go along with the past research
D. How can we help the men in the bottom
[全解全析] 男女在智力方面的差别。
C 主旨大意题。由文章第一段得知。
B 细节理解题。由文章第六段（wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )men have been restricted to spend more time taking care of their home）得知。
A 词意猜测题。由文章第一段和第八段得知。
D 推理判断题。由倒数第二段得知。
D主旨大意题。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
In the past ten yea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs, America’s National Basketball Association (NBA) has grown increasingly dependent on the rest of the world to supply players.
When Michael ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Jordan and Larry Bird won gold in Barcelona in 1992, the Americans were praised for teaching the world how to play basketball. This season, however, 20 percent of NBA rosters（花名册） will be filled by non-Americans. NBA commissioner David Stem happily embraces the trend. On a visit to Paris in October, Stern outlined his vision for the future, which is likely to see Europe hosting NBA games by 2010.
The NBA is now planning to take China by storm.
“Our experien ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce in China has been that it is going to be explosive in its growth,” said Stern. The strategy（战略，策略） in China is television. “We’ve made 14 deals in China with local and national networks on cable and satellite.” The success of Chinese centre Yao Ming has paved the way for the NBA marketing blitz in China. The NBA, which is broadcasted in more than 200 countries in 42 languages, will put that to the test in October 2004 when the Houston Rockets play two pre-season games against the Sacramento Kings in Beijing and Shanghai. The NBA knows that it needs a global market to compensate for tough times on home soil.
“It doesn’t matte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r where the players come from, all the NBA teams now know that they have to scout（寻找，觅得） internationally,” said Terry Lyons, the NBA’s vice-president of international public relations. “It has increased the level of competition here.” As Frenchman Tony Parker and Argentine Emanuel Ginobili showed in winning championship rings with the San Antonio Spurs last season, many people can earn the respect of their American peers. Others, such as the Houston Rockets’ Chinese centre Yao Ming — number one draft pick in 2002 — and the Detroit Pistons’ 18-year-old Serb Darko Milicic — number two overall in this year’s draft — are icons（偶像）in-waiting. It is the ultimate（最后的，根本的） revolution — the rest of the world teaching the US how to play basketball.
1. According to the report, .
A. Michael Jordan is still playing a very important role in NBA
B. the part played by the foreign players in NBA will be great
C. Yao Ming is to play two pre-season games in NBA
D. European countries will host the 2004 NBA games
2. The underline ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d phrase “take China by storm” has the meaning of _______ ___.
A. NBA intends to make China its “marketing center”
B. NBA is planning to set up some training centers in China
C. there’ll be a big s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )torm when NBA comes to China to play against the Sacramento Kings
D. the NBA’s live b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asket games will be broadcasted on all the TVs in China
3. What seems to be the biggest change that is happening to NBA
A. NBA is expecting more foreign players to join the league.
B. China’s rapid development in sports affects NBA.
C. Yao Ming has taken the place of Michael Jordan.
D. The NBA will stop teaching the world how to play basketball.
4 When the wr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iter talked of “home soil”, he was referring to _ _.
A. farms in the States
B. native Americans
C. the NBA training center
D. the USA
5. Which of the follow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing can be used as the best title for the passage
A. The Non-American Basketball Players
B. NBA Is Coming to China
C. The Foreign Ties That Bind the NBA
D. NBA Is Making Big Progress
[全解全析] BAADC
NBA的球员组成将发生重大改变，外国球员将占相当的比例，NBA需借助外籍球员的
力量来维持其地位。
B 推理判断题。根据第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二段20 percent of NBA rosters will be filled by non-Americans，以
及文章后半部分Terry说的话it has increased the level of competition here可判断出外国球员
将在NBA起到举足轻重的作用。
A 词义猜测题。根据文章中间Stern所说的话，及下一自然段The success of Chinese
centre Yao Mi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng has paved the way for the NBA marketing blitz in China可判断出NBA将把中
国看作是一个重要的市场。
A 推理判断题。通读全文，可得出这个结论：NBA的球员组成将发生重大改变，外国
球员将占相当的比例。
D 词义猜测题。从文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后半部The NBA knows that it needs a global market及It doesn’t
matter where the players come from可判断出home soil指的是美国本土。
C 主旨大意题。tie在这儿被用来比喻外籍球员，意思是说NBA需借助外籍球员的力量
来维持其地位。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
According to histor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ical documents, the forefathers of the Naxi people were closely related to a tribe called “Maoniu Yi” in the Han Dynasty，“Maoniu Yi” in the Jin Dynasty and “Moxie Yi” in the Tang Dynasty.
Between the early ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )10th century and the middle of the 13th century, production in the Lijiang area experienced marked changes, as agriculture replaced livestock (家畜)breeding as the main occupation of the people. Scores of agricultural, handicraft, mineral and livestock products were turned out, and the country presented a picture of prosperity. During that period, a number of slave owning groups in Ninglang，Lijiang and Weixi counties gradually grew into a feudal manorial lord caste(世袭封建庄园领主制)．
In 1278 the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Yuan Dynasty established Lijiang Prefecture(自治州)representing the imperial court in Yunnan Province. This resulted in closer links between the Lijiang area and the centre of the empire.
In the early Ming Dyna ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sty, the leader of the Naxi people，named Mude, was made chief of Lijiang Prefecture, exercising control over the Naxi and other ethnic groups nearby. Throughout the Ming Dynasty, the chiefs from the Mu family kept taxes and tribute(贡品)flowing to the Ming court in the form of silver and grain. The Ming, in turn, relied on the Mu family as the mainstay for the control of the people of various ethnic groups in northwestern Yunnan Province.
Later, with the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) development of the productive forces, buying, selling and renting of land began to take place in the Naxi areas，marking the beginning of a landlord economy.
1．In the 12th century, the main occupation probably be ________.
A．livestock breeding B．agriculture
C．fishing D．forestry
答案：B　从文章第二段第一句可知，10 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )世纪早期至13世纪中期丽江经济经历了重大变化，也就是“agriculture replaced livestock breeding”。
2．Lijiang Prefecture was set up in ________.
A. the Tang Dynasty B. the Song Dynasty
C. the Yuan Dynasty D. the Ming Dynasty
答案：C　细节题。从第三段第一句可知答案。
3．During the Ming Dyn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asty, the Mu family kept taxes and tribute flowing to the Ming court in the form of ________.
A. gold and silver B. livestock and gold
C. gold and silver D. silver and grain
答案：D　从文章第四段可知，the Mu family向明朝政府进贡物品是“silver and grain”。
4．What marked the beginning of the landlord economy
A. A feudal manorial lord caste.
B. The appearance of buying, selling and renting of land.
C. The rule of Mu family in Lijiang.
D. The establishment of Lijiang Prefecture.
答案：B　从文章最后一段可知，t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he landlord economy的开始是以“buying, selling and renting of land began to take place”为标志的。
5．What is the best title of the passage
A. The Mu family
B. The history of Lijiang Prefecture
C. The history of the Naxi Ethnic Group
D. The rulers of Naxi
答案：C　通读全文可知，文章主要讲了纳西族的历史。
【2014高考英语湖北省荆州市一模试题】B
When Marilynne Robins ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on published her first novel, Housekeeping, in 1980, she was unknown in the literary world. But an early review in The New York Times ensured that the book would be noticed. “It’s as if, in writing it, she broke through the ordinary human condition with all its dissatisfactions, and achieved a kind of transfiguration（美化）,” wrote Anatole Broyard, with an enthusiasm and amazement that was shared by many critics and readers. The book became a classic, and Robinson was recognized as one of the outstanding American writers of our time. Yet it would be more than twenty years before she wrote another novel.
During the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eriod, Robinson devoted herself to writing nonfiction. Her essays and book reviews appeared in Harper’s and The New York Times Book Review, and in 1989 she published Mother Country: Britain, the Welfare State, and Nuclear Pollution, criticizing severely the environmental and public health dangers caused by the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in England—and the political and moral corruption(腐败). In 1998, Robinson published a collection of her critical and theological writings, The Death of Adam: Essays on Modern Thought, which featured reassessments of such figures as Charles Darwin, John Calvin, and Friedrich Nietzsche. Aside from a single short story—“Connie Bronson,” published in The Paris Review in 1986—it wasn’t until 2004 that she returned to fiction with the novel Gilead, which won the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Pulitzer Prize. Her third novel, Home, came out this fall.
Her novels co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld be described as celebrations of the human—the characters in them are unforgettable creations. Housekeeping is the story of Ruth and her sister Lucille, who are cared for by their eccentric（古怪的）Aunt Sylvie after their mother commits suicide. Robinson writes a lot about how each of the three is changed by their new life together. Gilead is an even more close exploration of personality: the book centres on John Ames, a seventy-seven-year-old pastor(牧师) who is writing an account of his life and his family history to leave to his young son after he dies. Home borrows characters from Gilead but centers on Ames’s friend Reverend Robert Boughton and his troubled son Jack. Robinson returned to the same territory as Gilead because, she said, “after I write a novel or a story, I miss the characters—I feel like losing some close friends.”
55. Robinson’s second novel came out ____.
A. in 1980 B. in 1986 C. in 1998 D. in 2004
56. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Robinson’s achievements in fiction.
B. Robinson’s achievements in nonfiction.
C. Robinson’s influence on the literary world.
D. Robinson’s contributions to the environment.
57. According to Paragraph 3, who is John Ames
A. He is Robinson’s close friend.
B. He is a character in Gilead.
C. He is a figure in The Death of Adam.
D. He is a historian writing family stories.
58. From which section of a newspaper can you read this passage
A. Career. B. Lifestyle. 　 C. Music. D. Culture.
【参考答案】55、D 56--58、 BBD
【2014高考英语河南省洛阳市统考】A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Do you rememb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er we agreed to circulate our ideas for our school project this year Well, here is our suggestion and we in our school hope you will join us to develop it.
The idea came to u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s in the autumn of 2004. We were sitting in our class when our head teacher made an announcement. “There’ll be a new boy starting school tomorrow. He comes from the circus so he’ll be with us for a while.” Immediately there was whispering around the classroom. I heard remarks like “Those are dirty people”; “They eat raw meat”; and “Watch out for your bags”. The teacher must have heard them because she stopped the talking and said in a very serious voice: “Jake is our guest for as long as he stays here. Make sure you treat him well. I don’t want to hear any complaints about your behaviour to him.”
I was curious beca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )use it was the first time I had met anyone from a circus. Fortunately for me, the next morning, after being introduced to the class he sat in the only spare seat next to me. Of course I didn’t want to be nosy（管闲事的） but I couldn’t help looking at him sideways as I began my mathematics task. I noticed Jake was smaller than me and had dirty finger nails. His shirt was clean but had been repaired in many places and his trousers were helped up by a wide, leather belt. As he seemed to have no handkerchief and was sniffing loudly, I passed him one of mine. Immediately the boys began to whisper “What did you do that for Leave him be!” I concentrated on my work. From my left a slight movement showed that Jake must have heard the remarks too. He seemed to be having great difficulty with his work and was struggling to hold his pen correctly. He looked around as if for help. I looked around too. The teacher was busy so I leaned over and offered to explain the problems to him. As he listened his mouth split into a smile. His eyes lit up as if a light had been turned on and he returned to the exercises with enthusiasm. He finished them quickly and proudly presented them to the teacher. “Well done, Jake,” she approved. Jake smiled and was soon busy sorting out information and adding more of his own.
I thought about how ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Jake’s life would be. I remembered seeing the campsite and thinking how poor the facilities （设施）were. So I decided to help. As it was my turn to suggest a project for our grade, I put forward this idea. Our head teacher accepted it and so we began to prepare our plans to improve the campsite. Hope you will join us.
56. Why did the students dislike Jake even before they saw him
A. They must have heard bad stories about circus people.
B. They always judged a person by what he looks like.
C. The teacher hadn’t introduced Jake to them beforehand.
D. A newcomer was not welcome at that time.
57. What’s the author’s attitude towards Jake
A. He copied the other boys’ behavior.
B. He was distant about what Jake’s life was like.
C. He couldn’t ignore what other people said about Jake.
D. He had sympathy for the poor and disadvantaged.
58. The author mentions how Jake did maths to show that _______.
A. the teacher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was helpful and friendly B. the maths problem was too hard for him
C. Jake was c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ourageous and determined D. the author was better at maths
59. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A. To argue circus people should be treated fairly.
B. To ask the reader to join in their project.
C. To call ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on more people to help Jake. D. To show what is in need for a circus.
【参考答案】56—59、ADCB
【2014高考英语河南省洛阳市统考】B
Favorite films this week
A Tale of Two Cities ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is set in London and Paris in the 1780s. It is a dangerous time to be in France. A Frenchman returns to Paris from London to try to save his friend; and an Englishman gives his life to save them both. It’s an exciting and very sad film.
134 minutes, 9:O0 p. m. Every day except Friday.
The village ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is set in a small 19th century community near old woods full of spirits. The spirits are friendly until a young man called Phoenix goes too close to them. Then they get angry. It’s a film which makes it hard for you to sleep at night!
107 minutes, 5:30 and 7:30 p. m. Fridays only.
London Love St ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ory In a quiet street in London, a lonely boy meets a lonely girl who changes his life. But they both have a sad secret. This is about two young people who learn to love life.
92 minutes, 4:00 and 8:15 p. tn. Every day.
The Men Who Came from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Mars Set in the 22nd century, somewhere in the USA, men called Martians, from the planet Mars, have taken over the earth because humans have let it become too polluted. Now humans have to do what the Martians say. This is a good film which makes you think about the future of our world.
100 minutes, 7:45 p. m. Mondays only.
60. Which film will tell you about French history
A. A Tale of Two Cities. B. The Village.
C. London Love S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tory. D. The Men Who Came from Mars
61. Which type of film is the film London Love Story
A. Historical adventure. B. Science fiction.
C. Romantic comedy. D. Thriller.
62. Tom is a stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent major in astronomy. He may most probably want to see _______.
A. A Tale of Two Cities B. The Village
C. London Love ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Story D. The Men Who came from Mars
【参考答案】60—62、A CD【由江苏省盐城市2014模拟改编】
阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
First lady Michelle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Obama turns 50 on Friday, Jan. 17, 2014.
Michelle Obama has spent the first half-century of her life breaking barriers and checking off a series of firsts. Now, as she reaches her milestone birthday Friday, the nation will be watching to see in what other areas she will leave her mark.
Five years after moving into the White House, and without a re-election campaign to worry about, she has more room to relax in her role and, political watchers say, possibly become more vocal (声音的) on political issues in the three years left in office.
So far, critics have complained about Michelle’s silence on issues where they expected to hear her voice: Last year, at the start of her husband's second term, she disappointed advocates for tighter gun-control measures after she failed to push harder on the issue in response to the massacre (残杀) at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. She also disappointed some feminists (女权主义者) who wanted her to defend their causes instead of falling back on her self-described role as the nation’s “mom-in-chief.” Nor did she handle racial issues during her second term, as some had expected.
“The most important thing to remember is, whether you are black, white or Hispanic, you’re the first lady and the president of all the people in the United States. That’s a huge melting pot, so to reinforce (强化)that she's African American over anything else would not be wise,” said Anita McBride, who directs programming and national conferences on the legacies (遗产) of America’s first ladies and their historical influence at American University.
Valerie Jarrett, a top White House adviser and a close friend of the Obamas, said the first lady doesn't want to “spread herself too thin.”
“She really wants to have a maximum impact and to do that in fewer areas,” Jarrett told the Associated Press. “That, she said, “is better than trying to take on every single possible cause.”
But Robert Watson, a Lynn University professor, said he expects Obama to “go a little harder at issues” over the next several years. “Second-term first ladies usually feel more at ease to speak more forcefully about issues close to their heart,” he said.
Myra Gutin, a Ryder University communications professor and frequent lecturer on first ladies, said she expects Obama to continue making both of them a priority in her remaining years in the White House, given their success. Michelle launched the “Let’s Move” campaign in 2010. It in particular has gained widespread support, ranging from the National Football League to the Sesame Street franchise (特许), which even gave permission to the produce industry to use its licensed characters for free on fruits and vegetables.
“There’s no such thing as a traditional first lady, not anymore in this technology-filled world. Is Mrs. Obama cutting edge Is she an activist No. As first ladies go, I think she’s been politically careful because she does not want there to be a major flare-up that would require her husband to use his political capital to clean up,” she said. “But she’s not exactly just sitting in the White House pouring tea and having receptions, either.”
1、Critics were disappointed with Michelle because _______.
A．she didn’t put gun-control measures into effect
B．she failed some feminists to stand out to be a career woman
C．she didn’t solve some racial problems
D．she failed to voice her opinion on some issues
2、According to the pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ofessors or advisers, which of the following statements is NOT true
A．It’s not wise ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to reinforce Michelle is African American over anything else.
B．It’s better for Mic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )helle to have a maximum impact than to take on every possible cause.
C．It's expected for Michelle to go a little harder at issues.
D．It’s a tradition for first ladies to stay out of political issues.
3、What does the un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )derlined phrase “spread herself too thin” in Paragraph 6 mean
A．Try to do a lot of work at the same time.
B．Get very tired.
C．Try to improve physical fitness.
D．Move herself away from others.
4、In Paragraph 9, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )campaign “Let’s Move” might be aiming to help people _______..
a. gain widespread support
b. become more physically active
c. have access to healthier foods
d. raise awareness about gun control
A．a, c B．a, b C．b, c D．c, d
【参考答案】1---4、DDAC
阅读理解。
　　Even plant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) can run a fever, especially when they’re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3, 000 feet away straight up. A decade ago, adopting the infrared （红外线）scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide （杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don’t have pest （害虫）problems.
　　Even better, Pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ley’s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3, 000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running“fevers”. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.
　　The bad news is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that Paley’s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long - term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States, ” says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson , who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only ff Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
16．Plants will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )emit an increased amount of heat when they are______________.
A. sprayed with pesticides　　
B. facing an infrared scanner
C. in poor physical condition　　
D. exposed to excessive sun rays
17．In order to ap ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to____________.
A. estimate the damage to the crops　　
B. measure the size of the affected area
C. draw a color-coded map　　
D. locate the problem area
18．Farmers can s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave a considerable amount of pesticide by______________.
A. resorting to spot-spraying　　
B. consulting infrared scanning experts
C. transforming poisoned rain　　
D. detecting crop problems at an early stage
19．The application o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties
_______________.
A. the lack of official support　　
B. its high cost
C. the lack of financial support　
D. its failure to help increase production
20．Infrared scan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ning technology may be brought back into operation because of_____________.
　　A. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce
　　B. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
　　C. the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
　　D. full support from agricultural experts
[全解全析] 41—45 CDACB
本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了将原用于军事和卫星的红外线扫描技术运用于农业的前景，人们为此所做出的努力及遇到的困难。
16．C。细节理解题。依据文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章第二自然段第2行“．．．an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops．The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running‘fevers’”，说明植物在发“高烧”，也就是说，“身体状况”不佳时才会散发热，所以选项C符合题意。
17．D。推理判断题。本题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要求判断使用红外线扫描技术的目的。依据文章第二自然段第4行“．．．showing where plants were running ‘fevers’．Farmers could then spot spray，．．．”说明目的是确定有问题的区域，以使农民有针对性地喷杀虫剂。显然，选项D（确定有问题的地域）为最佳选项。
18．A。细节理解题。依据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二自然段最后一句“Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would”（采取点喷，农民们可以节省平时用量的50％至70％的杀虫剂），选项A符合题意。
19．C。推理判断题。依据文章第三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )自然段的第1句“The bad news is that Palely’s company closed down in 1984，　after only three years．Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find”，从中可以看出红外线扫描技术应用于农业遇到了一些问题，原因有两个：一是农民对新技术的抵制，二是难以找到长期赞助商。文章中还有一处明显的提示出现在最后一句：“But only if Palely finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago”．从该句提供的信息同样可以反推出10年前的情形，所以选项C正确。
20．B。细节理解题。依据文章第三自然段第2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行“But with the renewed concern about pesticide on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning，Palely hopes to get back into operation”，可知B项（出于对杀虫剂过度使用的担心）符合题意。
【2014高考英语四川省成都市一模试题】A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在
答题卡上将该项涂黑。(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
Once Dr. Melli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nkoff invited me to join him at the hospital to discuss interesting cases with his students. The case at hand was a Guatemalan man, aged 34, who had a fever and many other medical problems. His condition was not improving, and there was not much hope he would live.
Dr. Mellinkoff a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sked to see the patient. He introduced himself in Spanish and, in a very gentle voice, asked how he felt. The patient smiled and said everything was all right. Then the doctor asked if he was able to eat. The patient said that he had no desire to eat.
“ Are you getting food you like ”
The patient said nothing.
“ Do you get the kind of food you have at home ”
The answer was no.
The doctor put his han ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d on the man’s shoulder and his voice was very soft.
“ If , you had food that you liked , would you eat it ”
“ Yes , yes. ” the patient said.
The change in the pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tient’s appearance couldn’t have been more obvious. Nothing was said , but it was easy to tell that a message had been sent and had also been received.
Later, the doc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tor asked why the Guatemalan man wasn’t getting food he could eat. One of the students said, “ We all know how difficult it is to get the kitchen to make special meals. ”
“ Suppose, ” the docto ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r replied, “ you felt a certain medicine was absolutely necessary but that our hospital didn’t carry it, would you accept defeat or would you insist the hospital meet your request ”
“ I would probably insist, ” the student said.
“ Very well, ” the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) doctor said. “ You might want to try the same method in the kitchen. It won’t be easy, but I can help you Meanwhile, let’s get some food inside this man as fast as possible, and stay with it. Or he’ll be killed by hunger. By the way, there must be someone among you who can speak Spanish. If we want to make real progress, we need to be able to talk with him. ”
Three weeks late ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r, Dr. Mellinkoff told me that the Guatemalan man had left the hospital under his own power. It takes more than medicine to help sick people; you also have to talk to them and make them comfortable.
31. The patient had no desire to eat because __________.
A. he was not hungry B. he was seriously ill
C. he was given special meals D. he was not satisfied with the food
32. According to the passage , we can conclude that __________.
A. the patient was from another country .
B. the patient’s illness was caused by hunger
C. Dr. Mellinkoff performed an operation on the patient
D. the hospital failed to provide the right medicine for the patient
33. Which of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the following words can be used to describe Dr. Mellinkoff
A. Cold. B. Considerate.
C. Curious . D. Confident.
34. What do you t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hink Dr. Mellinkoff wanted to tell his students in this case
A. Doctors should know their patients’ real problems.
B. Doctors should be able to speak foreign languages.
C. Doctors should try to improve their medical skills.
D. Doctors should give more medicine to patients.
【参考答案】31-34：DABA
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A couple of ye ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ars ago, before a trip to China, Nicole Davis and her US women’s volleyball teammates were warned about the prominence (显著、突出) of coach “Jenny” Lang Ping in her native country.
“I was pushed over by ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Chinese journalists while I was just trying to put my luggage on the bus,” said Davis.
Known as the “Iro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Hammer” for her punishing spikes(扣球),Lang made it possible for China to dominate in the sport in the early 1980s. She was a key player on China’s 1984 Olympic gold medal winning team.
When the US team arr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ived for the Olympics, Lang, 48, who is from Beijing, had to take a different route to avoid a crowd of reporters and fans.
Then came the gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eatest moment to Lang：While the US team was playing in a packed gym, at least 8,000 Chinese fans unfurled an American flag.
“That really says i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t all,” Davis said. “They look at her as an icon(偶像)．I’m sure it’s hard for them to see her coaching another country, but they love her so 21世纪教育网ly that her success is their success.”
The loyalty o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the Chinese fans was tested on Friday, when China lost a match to the US.
“It’s a pity that C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hina lost the match, but I’m still glad that Lang Ping’s team won, since she is the pride of China’s volleyball,” said Liu Chengli, a spectator. “We also cheered for
Lang’s victory.”
Lang said she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )just tried to stay professional when the two teams meet. “It doesn’t matter if we play China or any other team. It’s the same.” Lang said.
Davis said she and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) her teammates could not have imagined the passion for volleyball among Chinese because the sport was lack of popularity in the US. The reception from Chinese fans has touched the US players, said US volleyball player Lindsey Berg.
“It’s such an honor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to be here and play for our coach here in China,” she said. “The amount of support that the Chinese give to her and us has been tremendous. The whole event has been unbelievable.”
1．What’s the passage mainly about
A．Staying professional. B．Cheering for the Iron Hammer.
C．A match between China and the US. D．Lang Ping’s career as a coach.
2．Lang Ping avoided ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )meeting the reporters and fans probably because she ________.
A．was afraid to be questioned about her strategy
B．didn’t want to be paid much attention to
C．disliked to be with her fans
D．didn’t want to disturb public order
3．What does the underlined word “unfurled” exactly mean
A．destroyed completely B．tore into pieces
C．spread out to the wind D．rolled up
4．What does Lang P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing mean by saying “It doesn’t matter if we play China or any other team.”？
A．American Volleyball Team will beat any team.
B．Chinese Volleyball Team is the same as other teams.
C．She just tried to stay professional.
D．The results of each match will be the same.
5．What impressed the US team players most
A．The tolerance of Chinese people.
B．The popularity of volleyball in China.
C．Lang Ping’s coaching skills.
D．The loyalty for volleyball of the Chinese.
[全解全析]
1．答案　B解析　本篇文章无明显的主题句,但 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )字里行间都在讲述我国著名排球运动员,现美国女排主教练郎平带队到中国参加奥运会并受到了人们的热烈欢迎,故应选B；而D项意为“郎平的教练生涯”,显然不合题意。但多数学生误选此项,是由于只注意到了局部信息,犯了以偏赅全的错误,而没有真正理解文章主旨。
2．答案　B解析　推理判断题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从文章第四段的内容可以推断出朗平希望不要太被关注。3．答案　C解析　词义猜测题。由文章第五段和第六段可以知道,这里的中国球迷应该是“打开、展开”了一面美国国旗,所以选C项。
4．答案　C解析　推理判断题。从文章内容可以知道,朗平认为不论是对阵中国队还是其他队,对她来说,这仅仅是一场比赛而已。由此推断选C项。
5．答案　B解析　细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段的内容可以知道,排球在中国非常受欢迎,所以选B项。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
A classical gu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itarist was excited to hear from New York City police that his valuable guitar had been found. It disappeared almost a year ago when he got out of a cab and forgot to take the guitar with him. Laurence Lennon, 44, said he was running late that day. He was talking to his manager on his cell phone when he dashed out of the taxi. He said that he gave the driver $ 60 and told him to keep the change. He walked through the front doors of the concert hall still talking on the phone to his manager.
Upon discovering hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s loss, Lennon used his cell phone to call the police. The policewoman asked him for the name of the cab company, the number of the cab, and the name of the driver. He said that she had to be kidding.
She told Lennon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that he could file a missing items report at the police station or online. Lennon asked for the online address. She told him that finding the guitar might take a couple of years—finding guitars was not as important as finding murderers and marijuana smokers. Then she told him to have a nice day.
“This year has been de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pressing，” said Lennon. “I had to postpone the recording of two new CDs. I've been using borrowed guitars. And I was losing hope of ever recovering my guitar.”
Lennon was re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )united with his $ 100,000 musical instrument yesterday. The case and the guitar had been discovered in the corner of a coffee house only two blocks from where Lennon had lost it in the first place. Lennon had offered a $ 10,000 reward for its return. He said he would give the reward to the coffee house owner, who had informed the police.
1．It can be inferred from this reading passage that________.
A．Lennon gave the dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iver much more money than what was actually needed
B．Lennon couldn' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t give any useful information about the driver and his cab
C．Lennon was t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oo busy talking to his friend to remember to pay the cab driver
D．Lennon used to work at the concert hall in New York City
答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二句“The policewoman asked him for the name of the cab company...and the name of the driver. He said that she had to be kidding.”说明他对出租汽车公司和司机的情况一概不知，认为警察这样问他简直是在开玩笑。
2．The policewoman told Lennon________.
A．not to worry about the guitar
B．to have a nice day in New York City
C．to find the cab driver and talk to him
D．to wait with patience
答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )..finding the guitar might take a couple of years.”说明警察认为寻找这把吉他会很难，大概需要几年时间，因此他得耐心等待。选项A“不要着急这把吉他”不符合警察的本意和事实；B“祝他在纽约市玩得愉快”，原文中这是警察对他的安慰和祝福，不是事情的最重要内容；C“去找出租车司机跟他谈一下”这显然不可能，只有D“耐心等待”符合警察的本意。
3．Which of the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollowing is the most important according to the policewoman
A．Finding a lost guitar. B．Finding the cab driver.
C．Finding murderers. D．Enjoying one's own life
答案：C　细节题。根据第三段“.. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).finding guitars was not as important as finding murderers....”说明在警察看来寻找杀人犯比寻找吉他(当然和其他任何事相比都)更重要。
4．The underlined word“depressing”can be best explained by“________”．
A．making people feel sad
B．making people unfortunate
C．making people losing money
D．making people losing good luck
答案：A　词义理解题。根据第四段第二句“I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )had to postpone the recording of two new CDs. I've been using borrowed guitars. And....”可推测出Lennon度过了一年很痛苦的日子，主要是丢掉了心爱的吉他和由于此事给他带来的种种事业中的不顺畅，因此可推测出depressing在这种的意思相当于making people feel sad。
【2014高考英语湖北省武昌区调研试题】D
"Don't put your hands in the pockets!"
Jimmy looked at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) his sister． It was just a winter coat, a used one． It was all his parents could afford．But it was his． He picked it out． Now he stood proudly before the store mirror admiring the blue denim coat with the thick, soft woolen lining that reminded him of grandma's scarf． But it was the many zippered pockets that caught his eye among the other used clothing．
He toyed with one of the pockets, "Why not "
"Because ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), silly, that's where people keep their wishes． And you're not supposed to let the wishes out．"
That winter saw en ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dless days of below freezing temperatures and long, cold nights of snowfall．The blue denim coat with the thick, soft woolen lining and many zippered pockets kept Jimmy warm on his mile long walk to and from school． It kept him dry as he sled down steep hills and built great forts and engaged in heroic snowball fights with other ten year olds．And it kept him company as he brought in firewood and performed his other daily duties．
Late one aftern ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oon, while he played alone in the woods, it began to snow．Jimmy knew he should hurry home but within minutes the snowfall became a snowstorm．
Everything turned white．
Then it gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ew dark as night folded over the forest．Try as he may． Jimmy couldn't find his way．Jimmy became frightened and cold and hungry．
Drawing himself ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) together under a fallen tree．Jimmy cupped his hands and breathed into them． "I wish I hadn't forgotten my gloves," he cried．Without thinking, he unzipped the right side pocket and inserted his hand． He felt something soft, familiar．It was the woolen gloves he left sitting on the mantle．They were warm and dry around his freezing fingers．
"I wish it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) would stop snowing," Jimmy said, idly unzipping the left side pocket． Seconds later the snowstorm stopped．
His sister' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s words came back to him: That's where people keep their wishes．
The boy smiled broadly． He understood．
Carefull ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y tugging on the zipper which sealed the breast pocket, he called out loudly, “I wish I wasn’t lost!”
As the metal t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eeth on the zipper parted, the thick cloud cover opened．Soon a bright full moon lit the snow blanketed forest．Jimmy jumped up and laughed．The old blue denim coat had saved him．
As he rushed thro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ugh the dense brush in the direction of his home, one of the coat's long pockets caught on a branch．It pulled the large zippered bottom pocket open．Jimmy fell over, landing in a deep snow bank． Digging himself out, he heard a loud growling．
He looked u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p． A huge, hungry wolf with burning red eyes and long sharp teeth stood over him．
Jimmy tried to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink． What else had his sister told him You're not supposed to let the wishes out．
The great wolf leaped．
Jimmy reache ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d for the zipper and tried to pull it closed． But it was too late．
63．Which part of the coat caught Jimmy's attention
A．The many zippered pockets．
B．The soft woolen lining．
C．The warmth of the coat．
D．The blue denim．
64．Which of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the following can be considered as a brave act by children
A．Walking to and from school．
B．Bringing in firewood．
C．Building great forts．
D．Snowball fights．
65．It is suggested tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t when the wolf stood over him．Jimmy reached for the zipper and tried to pull it closed with the wish that he could have ____ ．
A． a pair of gloves B． a bright full moon
C． a gun D．good weather
66．The passage is a story of____．
A． romance B． fantasy C． crime D．science fiction
【参考答案】63-66 ADCB
阅读理解
In bringing up ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ildren, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition (学会) of each new skill m the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Parents vary grea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe (严格的) over time of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.
As regards ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden aw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )areness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
6. Eagerly watching th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e child’s acquisition of new skills, _________________.
A. should be avoided
B. is universal among parents
C. sets up dangerous states of worry in the child
D. will make the child lose interest in learning new things
7. In the process of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) children’s learning new skills, parents _________________.
A. should encourage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B. should expect a lot of the children
C. should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
D. should create as many learning opportunities as possible
8 The second paragraph mainly tells us that _________________.
A. parents should be strict with their children
B. parental controls reflect only the values of the community
C. parental restric ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tions vary, and are not always for the benefit of the children alone
D. it’s parents’ and society’s duty to control the children
9. The word “p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )recept” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_________________”.
A. opinion ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. punishment C. behavior D. instruction
10. In terms of moral matters, parents should _____________________.
A. follow the rules themselves
B. be aware of the huge difference between adults and children
C. forbid their children to follow hook teachings
D. always ensure the security of their children
[全解全析] BCCCD
在孩子成长过程中，父母不能拔苗助长。父母对孩子的“严”与“松”之间应有一个恰
当的度。关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，带头遵循,“榜样比说教更有力”。
B 推理判断题。根据文章第一自然段开头In bringing up children，every parent watches
eagerly the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )child's acquisition of each new skill，既然是每位父母都会这样做，那么这种做法在
父母中就是普遍的，故选B。根据文章第一自然段第二句，选项C。sets up dangerous states of
worry in the c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hild是由hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate引起的，“迫不及待地要
求孩子做超出其自然成长速度的事情”和“热切地观察孩子学会每一项新技能”显然不是一
回事，作者对后者没有否定之意，所以A不对。根据文章第一自然段末句，选项取D。will
make him lose interes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t in learning new things是由a child is left alone too much, or without any
learning opportunities引起的。故D也不合文意。
C 推理判断题。文章第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )自然段第二句It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his
natural learni ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng rate，but this can set Up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the
child，说明在孩子成长过程中，父母不能拔苗助长。文章第一段末句又说：On the other hand，
though，if a chil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d is left alone too much，or without any learning opportunities，he loses his natural
enthusiasm for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )life and his desire to find out new things for himself，说明对孩子太放任自流同样
不利。根据这两方面，应选C，父母对孩子的“严”与“松”之间应有一个恰当的度。
C 主旨大意题。文章第二自然段的大意是:“父母对孩子的严格程度有很大的不同”。
D 词义推测题．四个选项的意思分别是：A. opinion (观点)；B. punishment(惩罚)；C.
bebaviour(行为)；D．instruction(说教，源于instruct)。根据文章第三段第三，四句Also，parents
should realize that “e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xample is better than precept”．If they are not sincere and do not practice
what they preach(说教)…可以推测，precept应表达与example对立的意思，且与preach是同
义词，引语的意思是“榜样比说教更有力”，故选项D为最佳选项。
35．A 推理判断题．根据文章第三自然段第四句，再根据文章最后一段，可以得出结论，
关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，带头遵循，(参见上一小题之解析)，故选A。
阅读理解---------C
Three Central T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )exas men were honored with the Texas Department of Public Safety's Director's Award in a Tuesday morning ceremony for their heroism in saving the victims of a serious two car accident.
The accident occurre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d on March 25 when a vehicle lost control while traveling on rain soaked State Highway 6 near Baylor Camp Road. It ran into an oncoming vehicle, leaving the occupants trapped inside as both vehicles burst into flames.
Bonge was the firs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t on the scene and heard children screaming. He broke through a back window and pulled Mallory Smith, 10, and her sister, Megan Smith, 9, from the wreckage.
The girl's mother, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Beckie Smith, was not with them at the time of the wreck, as they were traveling with their body sitter, Lisa Bowbin.
Beckie Smith still rem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )embers the sickening feeling she had upon receiving the call informing her of the wreck and the despair as she drove to the scene.
Bozeman and Clemmons ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) arrived shortly after Bonge and helped rescue the other victims and attempted to put out the fires.
“I was nervous，”Bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )zeman said. “I don't feel like I'm a hero. I was just doing what anyone should do in that situation. I hope someone would do the same for me.”
Everyone at the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) accident made it out alive, with the victims suffering from nonlife threatening injuries. Mallory Smith broke both femurs, and Megan had neck and back injuries. Bowbin is still recovering from a broken pelvis, ankle and foot.
The rescuers also w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere taken to the hospital and treated for cuts and smoke breathing, Bonge said.
In addition, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Bozeman got to meet accident victim Anthony Russo in the hospital after the accident, where Russo presented him with a glass frame inscribed with “Thank you”， Bozeman said. Those involved in that fateful encounter on Highway 6 credited God blessing for bringing them together.
“Whatever the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) circumstances, Tuesday's ceremony provided a time to be grateful for those who put their lives on the line for the lives of complete strangers，”Beckie Smith said，“We're calling it The Miracle on Highway 6.”
11．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Three persons were awarded for rescuing victims in a car accident.
B．Three ordinary people were regarded as great heroes.
C．Several victims were carried to safety from the burning cars.
D．A car accident occurred on rain soaked State Highway 6.
12．Who saved Megan Smith from the damaged car
A．Clemmons. B．Anthony Russo. C．Bozeman. D．Bonge.
13．Which of the following can be used to describe Bozeman
A．Kind. B．Modest. C．Excited. D．Smart.
14．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Luckily, no one received too serious injuries in the accident.
B．All the victims received slight injuries in the accident.
C．The rescuers were taken to the hospital to visit the victims.
D．The injured will soon recover from their injuries.
15．It can be inferred from what Beckie Smith said that____.
A．she regarded the accident as a wonder
B．she was frightened by the serious accident
C．she thought highly of the rescuers
D．she called on others to learn from the rescuers
[全解全析]
答案：A　主旨大意题。这是一篇新闻 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )报道。从第一段第一句“Three Central Texas men were honored with the Texas Department of Public Safety's Director's Award”及下文内容可知，A为本文大意。
答案：D　细节理解题。从第三段“Bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nge was the first on the scene and heard children screaming. He broke through a back window and pulled Mallory Smith, 10, and her sister, Megan Smith, 9, from the wreckage.”可知。
答案：B　观点态度题。从文章第七段中博兹曼(Bozeman)说的话可知，他是一个比较谦虚的人。
答案：A　正误判断题。从第八段“with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the victims suffering from nonlife threatening injuries.”可知A项符合题意。
答案：C　推理判断题。从最后一段“T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uesday's ceremony provided a time to be grateful for those who put their lives on the line for the lives of complete strangers”可知。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
A punctual person is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment.
The unpunctual man, o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the other hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact, time is life itself. The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset as well as others’. The unpunctual person is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows that he can not get through huge amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every piece of work when it has to be attended to.
Failure to be punctua ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l in keeping one’s appointments is a sign of disrespect towards others. If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the appointed time, he keeps all the other guests waiting for him. Usually this will be regarded as a great disrespect to the host and all other guests present.
Unpunctuality ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), moreover, is very harmful when it comes to doing one’s duty, whether public or private. Imagine how it would be if those who are put in charge of important tasks failed to be at their proper place at the appointed time. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow men.
1. What is an unpunctual person like
A. He always does a thing when it should be done.
B. He is always very busy.
C. He always does a thing at the wrong time.
D. He always keeps the appointments.
2. Why is unpunctuality very harmful
A. Because it makes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a man lose many chances of doing important affairs.
B. Because it makes a man lose friends.
C. Because it makes a man work quickly.
D. Because it makes a man be more respected by others.
3. According to the passage, which is right
A. The punctual person has no much work to do.
B. The unpunctual person is very rich. (from www.)
C. The unpunctual person is often respected by his friends.
D. The unpunctual person loses what can’t be regained again.
4. According to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he passage, what are good manners when you are invited to a party
A. Arriving at th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e appointed time. B. Arriving before all other guests.
C. Arriving after all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )other guests. D. Keeping all other guests waiting.
5. Why is a person always unpunctual
A. He is too busy. B. He has too much work to do.
C. He does ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re much about time. D. He doesn’t manage his time properly.
【参考答案及解析】
1. C 事实细节题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据文章第 2 段第 1 句 The unpunctual man, on the other hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time 可知，答案选 C。
2. B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow men 可知，答案选B。
3. D 推理判断题。根据文章第 2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第 3 句 A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained time is more valuable than material things 可知，答案选 D。
4. A 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第 2 段可知，答案选 A。
5. D 推理判断题。根据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2 段中间的一句 The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset as well as others’ 及下文内容可知，答案选 D。
【2014高考英语广东省华侨中学四模】A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In the fall of 1985, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I was a bright-eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere. Twenty-one years later I am still a bright-eyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell.
My grandma, an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) amazing woman, graduated from college at the age of 65. She was the first in our family to reach that goal. But one year after I started college, she developed cancer. I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.
Then I got marr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ied with another dream: building my family with a combination of adopt and biological children. In 1999, we adopted our first son. To lay eyes on him was fantastic—and very emotional. A year later came our second adopted boy. Then followed son No. 3. In 2003, I gave birth to another boy.
You can ima ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8! Our home was a complete zoo—a joyous zoo. Not surprising, I never did make it back to college full-time. But I never gave up on the dream either. I had only one choice: to find a way. That meant taking as few as one class each semester.
The hardest par ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys. They often wanted me to stay home with them. There certainly were times I wanted to quit. But I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives.
In 2007, I graduated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from the University of North Carolina. It took me over 21 years to get my college degree!
I am not speci ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al, just single-minded. It always struck me that when you’re looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge, but when you’re in the midst of it, it just seems normal. Everything you want won’t arrive in your life on one day. It’s a process. Remember: little steps add up to big dreams.
26. When the author ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) went to Howard University, her dream was to be ________.
A. a writer B. a teacher C. a judge D. a doctor
27. Why did the author quit school in her second year of college
A. She wanted to study by herself.
B. She fell in love and got married.
C. She suffered from a serious illness.
D. She decided to look after her grandma.
28. What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 and 5
She was busy yet happy with her family life.
She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons.
She wanted to remain a full-time housewife.
She was too confused to make a correct choice.
What dose the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph
Failure is the mother of success.
Little by little, one goes far.
Every coin has two sides.
Well begun, half done.
30. Which of the following can best describe the author
Caring and determined.
Honest and responsible.
Ambitious and sensitive.
Innocent and single-minded.
【参考答案】26-30. CDABA
【2014高考英语四川省凉山州一模试题】B
One of our bi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in a "sea of
technology" rather t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )han experiencing the natural world.，and computer games are leading to a
serious disconnect bet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ween kids and the great outdoors, which will change the wild places of the
world, its creatur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on child’s play
Each of us has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a place in nature to go sometimes, even if it was torn down. We cannot be，
the last generation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wondering outdoors
will not grow up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to be protectors of natural landscapes. "If the decline in park use continues
across North Ameri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ca, who will defend parks against encroachment（蚕食）？”asks Richard Louv,
author of Last Child in the Woods.
Without having ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a nature experience, kids, can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a
huge enrichmen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t of their lives. That applies to everything from their physical health and mental
health, to st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ress levels, creativity and cognitive （认知的）skills. Experts predict modern kids will
have oooner health th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an their oarents-and thev sav a lack of outside olav is surelv Dart of it.
Research suggests that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) kids do better academically in schools with a nature component and that
playing in nature fost ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers leadership by the smartest, not by the toughest. Even a tiny outdoor
experience can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) create wonder in a child. The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he
is not alone in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the world. A clump of trees on the roadside can be the whole universe in his
eyes. We really need to value that more.
Kids are not to b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lame. They are over-protected and frightened. It is dangerous out there from
time to time, but r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )epetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an min as a process of
growing up. Every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one, from developers to schools and outdoorsy citizens, should help regain for our
kids some of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) freedom and joy of exploring, taking friendship in fields and woods that
strengthen love, re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )spect and need for landscape. As parents, we should devote some of our
energies to takin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g our kids into nature. This could yet be our greatest cause.
35. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that＿＿＿＿．
A. our generation has a place to go in nature when we are young
B, parks in North America have declined a lot recently
C. Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the Woods
D. children are expected to develop into protectors of nature
36. According to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he passage, children without experiencing nature will＿＿＿＿．
A. keep a high sense of wonder
B. be over-protected by their parents
C. be less healthy both physically and mentally
D. change wild places and creatures for the better
37. What does "sea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of technoloev" mean in the first paragraph The technology of
A. catching animals in the sea 　B. TV and computer games
C. playing games 　　　　　　D. sea food
38. In writing this passage; the author mainly intends to＿＿＿＿．
A. blame children for getting lost in computer games
B. encourage children to protect parks from encroachment
C. show his concern about children's lack of experience is nature
D. inspi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re children to keep the sense of wonder about things around
35、D 36—38、CBC
Passage 1
It is not often r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ealized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (嫁妆). Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife’s right to receive a tenth of all her husband’s property. The wife had the right to with hold consent, in all transactions the husband would make, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.edited by SPt68
The wife s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hared in the management of her husband’s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro’s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.” Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic position.
51.Originally, the purpose of a dowry is to_________.
A give a woman the right to receive all her husband’s property
B help a woman to enjoy a higher position in the family
C protect a woman against the risk of desertion
D both A and C
52.According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the passage, the legal status of the wife in marriage was__________.
A higher than that of a single woman
B higher than that of her husband
C lower than that of her husband
D the same as that of her husband
53. Why does the author give us the example of Maria Vivas
A To show that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the wife shared in the management of her husband?s personal property.
B To show that the wife can defend her own inheritance.
C To prove that women have powerful position.
D To illustrate how women win her property.
54.The compensation Maria Vivas got for the field is____________.
A some of the land Miro had inherited
B a tenth of Miro’s land
C money for household expenses
D money form Miro’s inheritance
55. The author’s attitude towards Maria Vivas is_____________.
A sympathetic B disapproval C indifferent D objective
【参考答案】Passage1
欧洲南部的妇女在10和11世纪时享 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有较高的社会地位，这并未获得广泛认识。作为一个妻子，女性的地位受到其嫁妆的保护。诚然，嫁妆最初的目的是防止女性被抛弃;但是，它在当时家庭和社会现实生活中起着更重要的作用。妻子的嫁妆使她有权获得其丈夫十分之一的财物。妻子有权利拒绝丈夫所做的任何交易，但这不仅仅只是一项权利而已;文件表明她与丈夫一样平等地享有真正的决定权。文件没有表明丈夫和妻子在法律地位上有任何差别。
妻子享有管理丈夫私人财 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )产的权利，但是反之则不然。如果丈夫要越权侵犯她们的利益，女性们会时刻准备着捍卫自己的利益，有时她们还会表现出一种坚强的斗争精神。Maria Vivas就是一个典型的例子。为了家庭的需要，她同意其丈夫Miro出售一块属于她的土地，但是她坚持要求获得补偿。但是丈夫没有给她提供补偿，于是她把丈夫拖到一个文书处，起草了一份合同，成功地把他丈夫的一块私人土地划归自己。正如合同所写的，“为了和平”，这个不幸的丈夫不得不同意。要么借助嫁妆，要么通过发脾气，妻子知道如何在家庭中为自己赢得强大的经济地位。
51. 【解析】[C 推断 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题。本文介绍了欧洲南部10和11世纪嫁妆对女性在婚姻中地位的重要性。虽然嫁妆最初的目的是防止女性被抛弃，但实际上它的作用远远不止于此。它使妻子在婚姻中的地位与丈夫平等，并保障了妻子的经济利益。女性在维护自己的利益上，是很坚定果敢的，Maria Vivas就是一个例子。见第一段第三句，“Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion...”，虽然在实际生活中嫁妆有更重要的作用，但最初它的作用只是为了防范女性被丈夫抛弃，所以C为正确答案。
52.【解析】[D 细节题。根据本文，妻 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子在婚姻中的法律地位和丈夫是平等的。见第一段最后一句，“In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife”文件中并没有表明丈夫和妻子在法律地位上有任何的差别，也就是说他们的地位是平等的，所以D为正确答案。
53.【解析】[B 推断题。作者 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )举Maria Vivas的事例，是为了说明妻子是能够捍卫自己的利益的。见第二段第二句，“Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance...they showed a fine fighting spirit.”如果丈夫要侵占自己的利益，女性们就时刻准备着捍卫自己的利益，有时她们还表现出很强的斗争精神。接下来作者就举了Maria Vivas的例子，说明女性是有能力捍卫自己的利益的。所以B为正确答案。
54.【解析】[A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )细节题。Maria Vivas得到的一份作为补偿的土地，本来是属于Miro的个人财产。见第二段第五句，“None being offered, she succeeded in... assigning her a piece of land from Miro?s personal inheritance”由此知A为正确答案。
55.【解析】[D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )推断题。作者对Maria Vivas所持的态度是客观的。作者客观地介绍了Maria Vivas的事例，并没有表示出同情、不满或者是漠不关心，所以A、B、C都是错误答案。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
“Luck is a mat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter of preparation meeting opportunity，” said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. I’ve never watched her show, but when a self－made billionaire gives life advice, it’s probably worth listening to.
Her point is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If you’re a Chinese，you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump (树桩) for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.
A book written ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )by the UK psychologist Richard Wiseman, called The Luck Factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. It’s not about going to a temple to burn some incense (香) in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune；it’s practical advice you can follow each day.
Wiseman conducted an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )experiment as part of his studies. First he separated volunteers into two groups：those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why On the second page of the newspaper, a command, “Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper，” was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message.
It’s easy to comp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are “lucky”， in fact, keep an open mind and don’t go through the same routine every day.
I first came to Chi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )na in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. Like many foreigners，my plan was to teach English for one year. Seven years later, and still here, I’ve had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. I did not dream these would have been possible. I’ve also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. Coincidence After reading about Professor Wiseman’s studies I think not.
As Wiseman advis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es, I usually trust my own judgment. Your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but it’s important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. Your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem.
Finally, try t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o turn bad luck into good.Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English.
1. Which of the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llowing proverbs most agrees with the writer’s point
A．Make the best of a bad job.
B．Rome was not built in a day.
C．All that glitters is not gold.
D．A good heart conquers ill fortune.
2. What do you know about Oprah Winfrey
A．She became famous through her family background.
B．She was very lucky and seldom suffered setbacks in her life.
C．She is a British talk show host.
D．She became successful by her own effort.
3. The writer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quoted the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show________.
A. luck is in your own hand
B．bad luck can turn into good
C．you should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you
D．man can conquer nature
4. The underlined wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd “spot” is the closest in meaning to“________”.
A．recognize B．mark
C．locate D．receive
[解题导语]　本文为议论文。作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )者认为命运只垂青那些有所准备的人。身处逆境，不要怨天尤人，要想方设法化厄运为好运。每个人都可以做自己命运的主人。
1. 解析：选A。 推理判断题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Make the best of a bad job意为“身处山穷水尽，力争柳暗花明”，与最后一段作者的观点“try to turn bad luck into good(把厄运变好运)”最为接近。故答案为A。Rome was not built in a day意为“伟业非一日可成”；All that glitters is not gold意为“闪光的东西并不都是金子”；A good heart conquers ill fortune意为“善心克厄运”。
2. 解析：选D。 细节理解题。根据第一段中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的a self made billionaire可知美国talk show主持人Oprah Winfrey是从白手起家，通过自我奋斗而成功的。
3．解析：选C。 推理判断题。根据第二段的内 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )容可以判断，作者引用中国“守株待兔”的故事是为了说明“人们不应该待在家里等待机会的降临”的观点。
4．解析：选A。 词义猜测题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据上文语境及The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message. 可知spot在句中用作及物动词，是“发现，识别”之意。
【2014高考英语广东省华侨中学四模】B
　 In modern society t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ildren who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.
31. What does this passage mainly talk about
A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.
B. Opinions about competition are different among people.
C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.
32. Why do some people favor competition according to the passage
A. It pushes society forward.
B. It builds up a sense of duty.
C. It improves personal abilities.
D. It encourages individual efforts.
33. The unde ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means __________.
A. those who try their best to win
B. those who value competition most highly
C. those who are against competition most strongly
D. those who rely on others most for success
34. What is t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”
A. One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others.
B. One’s success in competition needs great efforts.
C. One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.
D. One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.
35. Which point of view may the author agree to
A. Every effort should be paid back.
B. Competition should be encouraged.
C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.
D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.
【参考答案】31-35. BACAD
【2014高考英语四川省凉山州一模试题】C
GONE WITH THE WIND
Author; Margaret Mitchell 25 (in bookstores) 18 (online)
Gone With t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he Wind is a best-seller, which tells a story that happened in the American
Civil War. S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )carlett O’Hara is a woman in the story who is full of energy. She is strong and
saves her family but is very selfish at the same time.
A LITTLE PRINCESS
Author：Frances Hodgson Burnett 18.3 (online)
Motherl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess Sara Crewe was sent home from India to school at Miss Minchin’s. Her
father was very rich ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and she lived a rich and comfortable life. Then her father died and
Sara lost every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thing. She had to learn to do with her changed life. Her strong character
made her able ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to fight successfully against her poverty and the scorn（嘲笑）of her fellows.
It's an excellent book with 4 tapes for children.
PETERPAN
Author; J. M. Barrie 15 (in bookstores) 12 (online)
It is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )children’，story full of imagination and adventures,which is about Wendy，John,
and Michael Da ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rling’s adventures in Never-Never Land with Peter Pan,the boy who would
not grow up. The children are happy and lovely. (with 2 tapes)
UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
Author; Harriet Beecher Stowe 20 (in bookstores)
The most famous ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) novel in American history, Uncle Tom’s Cabin talked about the
struggle betwe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en free states and slave states during the American Civil War and is as
powerful today as when it first came out 150 years ago.
THE SECRET GARDEN
Author; Frances Hodgson Bumett 35 (in bookstores) 30 (online)
Mary Lenno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )x, a sickly orphan（孤儿），finds herself in her uncle's dark house. Why are so
many moms locked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Why is one of the gardens locked And what is that crying she hears at
night Thmugh the powe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r of hope, friendship, and the magic of nature, the brave girl brings the
house and a long-lost garden back to life
39. All of the fol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lowing books have children as their main characters EXCEPT
A. PETER P、N B. GONE WITH THE WIND
C. ALrrrLE PRINCESS D. THE SECRET G、RDE
40. We can know from the text that
A. there are three books about American Civil War
B. we can buy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any of the above books either in bookstores or online
C. two of the above books were written by Frances Hodgson Bumett
D. THE SECRET GARDEN is 5 cheaper in bookstores than online
41．Mary brings the h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ouse and a long-lost garden back to life with the help of一一一一一．
.. the power of hope b. friendship c. her uncle d. nature's magic
A. a, b, c B. a, c, d C. b, c, d D. a, b, d
42. Which of the following about the books is mentioned in this text
A. What cause ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d his father's death. B. Why Peter Pan wouldn't grow up
C. What kind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of woman Scarlett is. D. How Marry Lennox came into her uncle’s house.
【参考答案】39—40、BC 41—42、DC
Passage 2edited by SPt68
A few common m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One' s physical assets and liabilities don' t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.
Over the las ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not- so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, the physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.
Un-American, you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) say, unfair and extremely unbelievable Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group--college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individual' s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.
Almost inva ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.
In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. on another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire (追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as who may be less attractive.
56. In "Bea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uty is only skin-deep", "skin-deep" can be replaced by______.
A. decorating B. superficial C. expressive D. demanding
57. "One's physical ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )assets and liabilities don' t count all that much in a managerial career."(paral) can be interpretated as______.
A. whether or not one looks good or bad, it doesn' t affect much one' s managerial career
B. in one ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )' s managerial career, he may deal with cases like assets and liabilities
C. in on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e' s managerial career, he may rarely deal with cases like assets and liabilities
D. whether ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or not one looks good or bad, it may affect much one' s managerial career
58. The result of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )research carried out by social scientists show that______.
A. people do not realize the importance of looking one' s best
B. women in pursui ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well
C. good -looking women aspire to managerial positions
D. attractive peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple generally have an advantage over those who are not
59. "Good looks cut both ways for women" (Para.5) means that______.
A. attra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ctive women have tremendous potential impact on public job
B. good-looking women always get the best of everything
C. being attractive is not always an advantage for women
D. attractive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions
60. It can be i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nferred from the passage that in the business world______.
A. handso ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are
B. physically attr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )active women who are in the public eye usually do quite well
C. physica ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lly attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well
D. good looks are important for women as they are for men
【参考答案】Passage 2
56．[答案 B。词汇题。skin-deep是“肤浅的，表面的”意思，与superficial意思相近。
57．[答案 A。理解题。主要是考察对“p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hysical assets and liabilities”的理解，意为“长相的优劣”，整句的意思为“长相的优劣对于一个人的事业影响不太大”
58．[答案 D。细节题。根据第四段“A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lmost invariably, the better looking... what is beautiful is good．”，可知D为正确答案。
59．[答案 C。归纳题。在文章第五段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中，作者指出，妇女一方面可以借助美貌比较容易地找到工作，另一个方面因为人们一般会觉得美丽的妇女不如长相一般的妇女有能力而使美丽的妇女不容易得到经理之类的职位，不难看出“Good looks cut both ways for women”的意思与C中内容相符。
60．[答案 A。推理题。根据文章最后一段不难推理出正确答案是A。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
What does it mean ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to say that we live in a world of persuasion It means that we live among competing interests. Your roommate’s need to study for an exam may take priority (优先) over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the object of your romantic/inter est may have other choices.
In such a world ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view. When we persuade, we want to influence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail — other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situ ation, and the merit of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.
Some people, h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owever, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives. Just the opposite, we believe that persuasion is unavoidable — to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical (合乎道义的) or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring or degrad ing. Persuaders may enlighten our mind or prey on our vulnerability. Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, the most basic part of edu cation is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.
Beyond its person ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al importance to us, persuasion is necessary to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution (美国宪法).
1. According to the passage, persuasion means ________.
A. changing others’ points of view
B. exercising power over other people
C. getting other people to consider your point of view
D. getting people to agree with you and do what you want
2. The underlined wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d in the second paragraph “prevail” means________.
A. win B. fail C. speak D. listen
3. The passage st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ates that some people object to persuasion because they think it is ________.
A. a danger to society B. difficult to do well
C. unwelcome behavior D. never successful
4. The passage mainly discusses ________.
A. how people persuade
B. why people persuade
C. that persuasion is both good and bad
D. that persuasion is important and it is all around us
【答案与解析】
1. C 细节题。将第二段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view与各选项进行比较可知。
2. A 词义题。由破折号后面的句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子other points of view may be more persuasive可知，我们不一定占上风，故选A。
3. C 细节题。由第三段中第一二句Some people…into their lives可知。
4. D 主旨题。根据第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段对we live in a world of persuasion的理解，第三段中we believe that persuasion is unavoidable-to live is to persuade 及最后一段中persuasion is necessary to society与各选项进行比较可确定选D。
Passage ten( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Antinuclear Demonstration)
Police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5,000 passively resisting protestors Friday in an attempt to break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the United States. More than 135,000 demonstrators confronted police on the construction site of a 1,000-megawatt nuclear power plant scheduled to provide power to most of southern New Hampshire. Organizers of the huge demonstration said, the protest was continuing despite the police actions. More demonstrators were arriving to keep up the pressure on state authorities to cancel the project. The demonstrator had charged that the project was unsafe in the densely populated area, would create thermal pollution in the bay, and had no acceptable means for disposing of its radioactive wasters. The demonstrations would go on until the jails and the courts were so overloaded that the state judicial system would collapse.
Governor Stanforth Thumper insisted that there would be no reconsideration of the power project and no delay in its construction set for completion in three years. “This project will begin on time and the people of this state will begin to receive its benefits on schedule. Those who break the law in misguided attempts to sabotage the project will be dealt with according to the law,” he said. And police called in reinforcements from all over the state to handle the disturbances.
The protests began before dawn Friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police lines around the cordoned-off construction site. They carried placards that read “No Nukes is Good Nukes,” “Sunpower, Not Nuclear Power,” and “Stop Private Profits from Public Peril.” They defied police order to move from the area. Tear gas canisters fired by police failed to dislodge the protestors who had come prepared with their own gas masks or facecloths. Finally gas-masked and helmeted police charged into the crowd to drag off the demonstrators one by one. The protestors did not resist police, but refused to walk away under their own power. Those arrested would be charged with unlawful assembly, trespassing, and disturbing the peace.
1.What were the demonstrators protesting about
[A] Private profits.
Nuclear Power Station.
[C] The project of nuclear power construction.
[D] Public peril.
2.Who had gas-masks
[A] Everybody.
A part of the protestors.
[C] Policemen.
[D] Both B and C.
3.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for the demonstration
[A] Public transportation.
Public peril.
[C] Pollution.
[D] Disposal of wastes.
4.With whom were the jails and courts overloaded
[A] With prisoners.
With arrested demonstrators.
[C] With criminals.
[D] With protestors.
5.What is the attitude of Governor Stanforth Thumper toward the power project and the demonstration
[A] stubborn.
insistent.
[C] insolvable.
[D] remissible.
Vocabulary
1.tear gas 瓦斯
2.passively resisting protestor 不抵抗的抗议者
3.stage 发起，举行，上演
4.break up 驱散，终止
5.cordon 警戒线，警戒
6.nuke （美俚）核武器，核电站
7.defy 公然蔑视/反抗
8.canister 罐，筒，榴霰弹筒
9.islodge 赶走
10.charge 冲锋，向前冲
11.trespass 非法侵入，扰乱
难句译注
1.Police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5,000 passively resisting protestors Friday in an attempt to break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the United States.
【结构简析】句中间用in an attempt介词短语和staged分词使句子变长。Staged修饰demonstration。
【参考译文】星期五，再制止美国举行过的最大的反核示威游行中，警方发放了催泪瓦斯，逮捕了5000多不拒捕的抗议者，企图解散游行队伍。
2. The protests began before dawn Friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police lines around the cordoned-off construction site.
【结构简析】主从句。
【参考译文】星期五拂晓之前，当好几千名示威者冲破警戒再核建设基地周围的警察封锁线时，抗议示威开始了。
写作方法与文章大意这是一则有关反对核电站的群众示威抗议的新闻导报，采用对比手法。警方镇压；群众坚决抗议。第一段就写出了尽管警方释放催泪瓦斯，逮捕了5000多人，示威组织者申明抗议要继续下去，越来越多的抗议者参与对当局加压，想迫使其废除在当地建立核电站的计划。其理由是在人口密集地区建站不安全，在海湾产生热污染，核废料处理无有效方法。
第二段叙述了州长大人坚决维护核电站的立场，不再考虑计划修改问题，三年内要完成核电站建设。届时，本州人民得益。对企图破坏计划实施而违法的人将以法处置。已集结全州警察加强对付这次捣乱。
第三段讲了双方现场交战：星期五破晓，数千示威者（高举示威牌，上写：没有核电站就是好的核电站；不要核能，要太阳能等）冲过建设基地警察警戒线，警察用催泪瓦斯无效后，开始一个一个地抓逮示威者，被捕者将被控以非法集会、侵入和扰乱治安等罪名。
答案详解
1.C 抗议建设核电站计划。不是抗议核电站。至于
B. 核电站还未建，所以不对。A. 私人利益 和 D. 公共危险，这些都是示威牌上之口号不是抗议的主攻方向。
2.D 双方。 最后一段第四行最后和第五行“抗议者准备了他们自己的防毒面具或面罩。最后，头戴防毒面具和头盔的警察冲进人群一个一个地抓逮示威者。”所以说两方面都有防毒面具。
3.A 公共交通运输。
B. 公共危险。 C. 污染。 D. 废料处理，是三个抗议的理由。
4.B 被逮捕的示威者。第一段最后一行“示威要继续下去直到州监牢和州法庭人满为患，从而使州司法体系垮台。”说明示威者准备去坐牢，决不服输的决心。而人多到监牢装不下证明州司法的问题。所以这里只能是被抓的示威者。
A. 犯人。 C. 罪犯。D.抗议者。警察不可能抓所有的抗议者。关在牢里的只能是被抓的示威者。
5.A 固执己见，冥顽不化。见第二段他坚持说核电站计划不用再考虑，三年内一定要建成，计划准时开始，本州人民到时候就能获益。对这些违法企图破坏计划的人依法惩处。并且从州内各处调集警察来处理这次“骚乱”。从语言到行动都说明，这位州长固执己见，顽固得很。
B. 坚持的。 C. 不能解决的。 D. 可宽恕的。
【2014高考英语四川省成都市一模试题】 C
You may not pay much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )attention to your daily elevator ride. Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it. But Lee Gray, PhD, of the University of North Carolina, US, has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport. He is known as the “Elevator Guy”.
“The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette (礼仪) is sort of odd (奇怪的),” Gray told the BBC. “The elevators are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”
We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in, we may have to move. And here, according to Gray, liftusers unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements. He told the BBC what he had observed.
He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift, you can do whatever you want – it’s your own little box.
If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally (对角线地) across from each other to create distance.
When a third person enters, you will unconsciously form a triangle. And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.
New entrants to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act decisively. Once in, for most people the rule is simple – look down, or look at your phone.
Why are we so awkward in lifts
“You don’t have enough space,” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin, told the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people we have about an arm’s length of distance between us. And that’s not possible in most elevators.”
In such a small, enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be understood as threatening or odd. “The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye contact,” she said.
39. According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Gray, when people enter an elevator, they usually _____.
A. turn around and greet one another
B. look around or e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xamine their phone
C. make eye contact with those in the elevator
D. try to kee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p a distance from other people
40. Which of the following describes how people usually stand when there are at least two
people in an elevator
41. Accordin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to the article, people feel awkward in lifts because of _____.
A. someone’s odd behaviors B. a lack of space
C. their unfamiliarity with one another D. their eye contact with one another
42. What’s the passage mainly about _____.
A. Bad manners in the elevator
B. Some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette
C. An interesting but awkward elevator ride
D. The strange behaviors in the elevator
【参考答案】39-42: DCBB
阅读理解
YOUR mom migh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t cook a bowl of noodles for you on your birthday. But in the US, a mom makes a cupcake for her children on their birthday.
Cupcakes are s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mall, round cakes topped with frosting (糖霜). It has been an American tradition that moms bring cupcakes to the classroom to celebrate their child’s birthday.
But recently so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me doctors have called for this to be banned. They believe cupcakes contribute to child obesity.
Despite their good ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )intentions, however, some people believe that experts are interfering (妨碍) with American culture. The cupcake is seen as American as apple pie — only prettier.
According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Marion Nestle, a professor of nutrition at New York University, the cupcake is the most democratic (民主的) of desserts. As they are small enough for one person, you don’t have to share your cupcake with anyone — it’s all yours. They are also all the same size, so there can’t be any cries of “she got the bigger piece!”
Each bite can tas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te different depending on how much icing you have. It is a lesson in self-determination. Some people eat only a little of the frosting every time, others have it all in just one bite.
In recent ye ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ars, eating a cupcake has become as trendy as having a cup of Starbucks coffee.
Democratic president ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ial candidate Hillary Clinton jokingly promised on a talk show that if she was elected president, she would give everyone a cupcake on her birthday.
Ruth Reichl, editor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-in-chief of Gourmet magazine, explains that the rise of the cupcake is very much about going back to American national identity in food, which is all about comfort. “People want to think about when they and their country were innocent,” she said.
16. According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the passage, it has been an American tradition that ___________.
A. a party for children on their birthday
B. A mom cooks a bowl of noodles for her children on their birthday
C. A mom make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a cupcake for her children on their birthday and brings it to the classroom
D. parents go travelling with their children on their birthday
17. Why do doctors ask people to ban cupcakes on children’s birthday
A. Because they themselves don’t like cupcakes.
B. Because they think cupcakes are not so delicious.
C. Because they belie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve cupcakes will cause cries of “She got the bigger piece”.
D. Because they ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) believe cupcakes are one of the causes to make children become fat.
18. Which of the following is Not true according to Marion Nestle
A. The cupcake is more democratic than any other deserts in the US.
B. The cupcake is too small to share with others.
C. The sizes of cupcakes are the same so it’s equal to everyone.
D. Cupcakes will lead to child obesity so they should be banned.
19. The underlined w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ord “trendy” in paragraph 7 probably means ________.
A. popular B. gentle C. delicious D. different
20. Why did the writer mention Hillary Clinton and Ruth Reichl
A. To arouse the readers’ attention.
B. To show that c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )upcakes are becoming a popular to show kindness and comfort.
C. To make a comparison between them.
D. To give readers a general idea of cupcakes.
[全解全析] 本文介绍了美国孩子生日吃杯型蛋糕的传统。
16. C 细节理解题。第二段第二句可知C正确。
17. D 细节理解题。题眼在第三段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二句，关健是理解obesity的意思，文中提到顶上还有糖霜，根据常识可知obesity是“肥伴”之意。
18. D 细节理解题。因第五段中，只有D不是Marion Nestle说的话。
19. A 词义猜测题。根据常识coffee在西方国家是非常流行的，故trendy意为“流行的”。
20. B 推理判断题。由最后两段可推知B最合适。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Even before my fat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her left us, my mother had to go back to work to support our family. Once I came out of the kitchen, complaining, “Mom, I can’t peel potatoes. I have only one hand.”
Mom never looked u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p from sewing. “You get yourself into that kitchen and peel those potatoes,” she told me. “And don’t ever use that as an excuse for anything again!”
In the second grade, o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur teacher lined up my class on the playground and had each of us race across the monkey bars, swinging from one high steel rod to the next. When it was my turn, I shook my head. Some kids behind me laughed, and I went home crying.
That night I told M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om about it. She hugged me, and I saw her “we’ll see about that” look. The next afternoon, she took me back to school. At the deserted playground, Mom looked carefully at the bars.
“Now, pull up w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith your right arm,” she advised. She stood by as I struggled to lift myself with my right hand until I could hook the bar with my other elbow. Day after day we practiced, and she praised me for every rung I reached. I’ll never forget the next time, crossing the rungs, I looked down at the kids who were standing with their mouths open.
One night, after a d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ance at my new junior high, I lay in bed sobbing. I could hear Mom come into my room. “Mom,” I said, weeping, “none of the boys would dance with me.”
For a long time, I di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dn’t hear anything. Then she said, “Oh, honey, someday you’ll be beating those boys off with a bat.” Her voice was faint and cracking. I peeked out from my covers to see tears running down her cheeks. Then I knew how much she suffered on my behalf. She had never let me see her tears.
1. Which of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e following expressions can be used most suitably to describe Mom’s attitude when she made the child to peel potatoes
A. Cruel. B. Serious. C. Strict. D. Cold.
2. From the passage, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we know monkey bars can help a child train ______.
A. the skill to throw and catch things
B. the speed of one’s hand movement
C. the strength and skill to hang and sway
D. the bodily skill to rotate round a bar
3. What does the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sentence “I saw her ‘we’ll see about that’ look” imply
A. Mom believed every aim could be achieved if you stuck to it.
B. The race ac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ross monkey bars was not difficult enough for a child to give up.
C. Mom was determin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to prove she herself was better than the teacher.
D. What the child had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) said brought Mom great attraction and curiosity.
4. When the child l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ooked down at the kids, they were standing with their mouths open because ______.
A. they felt sorry for what they had done before
B. they were afraid the author might fall off and get hurt
C. they wanted to see what the author would do on the bars
D. they were astonished to find the author’s progress
5. The most proba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ble conclusion we can draw after reading the passage is ______.
A. the last incident was sad enough to make Mom weep
B. the child’s experience reminded Mom of that of her own
C. Mom could solve any problem except the one in the last paragraph
D. in fact Mom suffered more in the process of the child’s growth
文章讲的是一位母亲是如何帮助自己缺一只手的儿子解决成长中的问题。
1. C。推理判断题。从他妈妈的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )话And don’t ever use that as an excuse for anything again可知他妈妈对他要求很严，即答案选C。
2. C。推理判断题。从had ea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch of us race across the monkey bars, swinging from one high steel rod to the next可知答案C正确。
3. A。推理判断题。第二天妈妈带我去学校帮助我练习monkey bars，可推知妈妈是个很有恒心的人，故答案选A。
4. D。推理判断题。从I’ll ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ver forget the next time, crossing the rungs, I looked down at the kids who were standing with their mouths open可知同学们对我的表现都很吃惊，即答案选D。
5. D。推理判断题。从Then I k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )new how much she suffered on my behalf. She had never let me see her tears可知对于我的成长中的痛苦妈妈比我承受得还要多，即答案选D。
【2014高考英语四川省成都市一模试题】 E
A mathematician ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )who goes mad is not a subject most directors consider commercially attractive, but then Ron Howard isn’t among most directors, despite an impressive list of credits, a Beautiful Mind is his most successful work to date, combining psychological drama with a moving love story to produce a film that is as interesting as it is entertaining.
The Oscar winn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing Russel Crowe has put himself in line for further honors with his acting John Nash, the Nobel Prize-winning mathematician troubled by schizophrenia(神经分裂症). A Beautiful Mind pictures Nash as an unusual hero, not just because of his academic achievements, but also because of the courage he displays while battling his illness.
In 1947, Nas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h was one of many great young minds at Princeton. “To find a truly original idea is the only way to distinguish myself.” The proud and determined student declared. His exploration of such an idea afforded him little time for the normal socializing. His shyness and straightforward approach brought him few friends.
After finally hitting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on a revolutionary new idea, Nash’s career took off and his reputation was secured. He balanced research work with teaching, which is where he met the bright and beautiful student Alicia (Jennifer Connelly). Things in his life were going well when his talent for code breaking brought him to the attention of the military who employed him during the early stages of the cold war with Russia. However, the stress of his work made Nash’s illness develop.
Crowe’s performance ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is perfect. He and Connelly ignite (make something exciting) the film’s passionate love story and Connelly’s wonderful performance makes the audience moved by Alicia, whose courage, strength and faith in her husband are the primary reasons for his recovery.
47. The passage is most probably _____.
A. a book review B. a movie review
C. a movie poster D. an advertisement
48. Which can rep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lace the underlined phrase “hit on” in the fourth paragraph
A. put up with B. come on
C. put on D. come up with
49. Which of the following statements is not true
A. John Nash did not go mad totally.
B. Ron Howard is an outstanding director.
C. The stress of the academic work caused Nash’s illness.
D. Nash didn’t have many friends.
50. We can infer form the text that _____.
A. without Ali ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cia, John Nash would not have recovered from schizophrenia.
B. John Nash gave up his career when troubled by schizophrenia.
C. Russell Crowe won another Oscar Award after this movie.
D. John Nash volunteered to serve in the army.
【参考答案】47-50: BDCA
阅读理解----Passage two ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law)
When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified Are we any less blood-thirsty Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.
It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.
Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.
1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is
A. not very high. B. high.
C. contemptuous. D. critical.
2.The main idea of this passage is
A. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.
B. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.
C. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.
D. people are bloodthirsty in sports.
3.That the author mentions the old Romans is
A. To compare the old Romans with today’s people.
B. to give an example.
C. to show human beings in the past know nothing better.
D. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.
4.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage
A. Three. B. Five.
C. Six. D. Seven.
5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is
A. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.
B. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.
C. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.
D. to show law is the main instrument of social change.
Vocabulary
relish 从……获得乐处，享受
orgy 狂欢，放纵
arena 竞技场，活动或斗争的场所
blood-thirsty 残忍的，嗜血的
bear-baiting 逗熊游戏
bull-fight 斗牛
batter 猛击，连续地猛打/捶，乱打
pulp 成纸浆，成软块
burst into flames 突然燃烧起来/着火
grim 令人窒息的，简陋的
coop up 把……关起来
难句译注
bear-baiting 逗熊游戏。这是一种十六、十七世纪流行于英国的游戏――驱狗去咬绑着的熊，很残忍，后被禁止。
…two men batter each other to pulp in the boxing ring.
【结构简析】batter one to pulp = beat one to a pulp 狠揍某人，打瘫某人
【参考译文】两个人在拳击场内彼此狠揍，知道一个人被打倒在地，爬不起来。
…unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.
【参考译文】眼见一辆或多辆赛车相互撞击，突然烧起来而无动于衷。
A world heavy weight championship match is front page news.
【参考译文】世界重量级冠军赛总是头版头条新闻。
写作方法与文章大意
作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”，前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤，法律才能施以巨大的文明影响，否则人类很难改变。
答案详解
1.A. 不太高。文章一开始就点出科技巨大进步，而其他方面进展很少。人们以轻蔑的口气谈及可怜的古罗马人，因为他们欣赏竞技场上的屠杀。我们轻视他们，因为他们把这些屠杀视为娱乐。我们可以降阶/屈尊地谅解他们，因为他们生活在2000年前，显然，对好的东西不知道。在这里作者反问，我们的优越感是否正确呢？我们的嗜血性是不是少一些？为什么拳击比赛吸引那么许多人？在场的观赏者（观众）是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢？结论是：人类和过去一样残忍。唯一的不同点在于古罗马人很诚实，他们承认他们欣赏观看饥饿的狮子把人撕碎，活生生吃掉，而我们会找出各种精辟的理由来保卫早该制止的运动。第二段举出具体例子，如斗牛、拳击中把人打瘫在地、车赛中，车子碰撞起火，人们就坐在那里观看欣赏，参赛者是为了高报酬，观众付出大笔钱财是为了看到暴力。作者指出任何体育精神的说法纯粹是虚伪。如果一场打比赛（世界重量级冠军赛），两轮而不是十五轮就告结束，成千上百万人们会感到失望――这些都证明人的卑下，不文明。这两段似乎也证明作者的观点应该是C项――蔑视的。但在第三段谈及，好几个世纪以来，人们一直试图在精神上和情感上改善自己，又得承认不怎么成功。可至少我们不再容忍疯人禁锢于笼中，当众鞭挞，以及其他许多过去普遍存在的野蛮行径。监狱也不再是过去那种令人窒息的禁锢之地，社会福利制度在全世界许多地方推行。在财富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。这些变化的出现不是因为人突然改善，而是在改变法律上采取了 积极的步骤。如果我们禁止危险的暴力体育项目，那么我们在改善人类方面又前进了一步。我们会认识暴力是人类的堕落和卑下（人类不应有的）。从这段来看，作者对人类还抱有希望，不是很蔑视。所以选A项。
2.A. 法律应禁止堕落而又危险的体育项目。见第一题注释。作者从古罗马人欣赏残忍的体育项目说起，点出现代人也是嗜血成性，喜欢暴力体育项目。这是不文明，是堕落。必须制止，而法律是我们社会改革最强大的工具，它可应用，发挥强大的文明影响（第三段倒数第三句）
B. 人们愿意支付巨大款项来观看暴力。这是作者说明“嗜血成性”的具体内容之一。C. 对比对危险体育项目不同的态度。这里没有对比。D.人类嗜血成性。这是作者认为人们为什么欣赏危险残忍体育项目的根源。
3.D. 人们在体育上习惯于“嗜血成性”，过去是，现在仍然是，不同点只是前者坦直承认，后者婉转掩饰。见第一题注释。
A. 把古罗马人和现代人对比。这项没有说明对比什么。B. 给出一个例子。太抽象。C. 说明过去人类不太知道更美好的东西，这两项都没有到位。
4.B. 5个。作者提到⑴逗熊游戏；⑵斗牛；⑶车赛；⑷拳击；⑸人狮斗。至于当众鞭挞和绞刑不能称作体育活动。
5.A. 通过制止野蛮体育项目，我们能改善人类自身。这在第三段讲的最透彻，见第一题和第二题注释。
B. 通过制止野蛮体育活动，我们能改善法律，不完全对。作者明确指出要用法律来禁止野蛮体育项目。C. 我们必须采取积极步骤来改善社会福利体制。D. 去表明法律是社会变革的主要工具。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Education in the Unite ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d States is compulsory for children up to about the age of sixteen. Most young people stay in school longer than that. Most graduate from high school at the age of 17 or 18.
Almost half of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hese high school graduates continue their education at a college or university. Education for most young people in this country is free up to the time they graduate from high school. There are private schools, but most parents send their children to public schools, where students do not pay tuition. When young people go to college, however, they must pay tuition at a public university or a private university. University costs are going up a lot：private universities have become very expensive because the government does not help them.
Who pays The paren ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts of children in college may have to pay more, or often students may have to find jobs. These students have to worry about assignments and grades and also about their jobs. If they work too much at their jobs they may be absent from class or miss assignments or make too many errors on tests. They may even fail their courses and have to leave the university.
For many students, th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e problem of getting an education is not just a problem of homework and exams. They also have to make money to pay for tuition. And professors don't teach them how to do that!
1．In the United State ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, almost half of the high school graduates________.
A．go to colleges and universities
B．need not pay any tuition
C．have to enter open universities
D．work hard to avoid errors on tests
答案：A　本题考查细节题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )由文章第二段第一句“Almost half of these high school graduates continue their education at a college or university”可知，几乎有一半的中学生毕业都在大学或学院里继续深造。
2．Which of the following statements is NOT true
A．Most parents prefe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r to send their children to public schools rather than to private schools due to tuition.
B．Education is not free until the students graduate from high school.
C．University costs are on the increase.
D．The students may be absent from class if they work overtime.
答案：B　本题考查细节理解。由文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章第二段第二句“Education for most young people in this country is free up to the time they graduate from high school.”可知，在这个国家，大多数年轻人接受的免费教育可持续到中学毕业，而这正与B的意思相反，因此B是正确答案。
3．The private unive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rsity students have to pay more money for tuition because________.
A．the government does not finance the private universities
B．none of companies support the private universities
C．the teaching ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quality of the private universities are superior to public ones
D．they have some trouble in passing the exams
答案：A　本题考查细节理解。由文章第二段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第五句“University costs are going up a lot; private universities have become very expensive because the government does not help them.”可知，私立大学学费高昂的原因是政府不资助私立学校。
4．The main idea of the passage might be________.
A．selecting a good university costs in the United States
B．the increase on university costs in the United States
C．the argument about education in the United States
D．the problem of getting an education in the United States
答案：D　本题考查主旨大意。纵观全文，一直谈论的都是在美国教育中遇到的问题，因此D项是正确答案。
【2014高考英语湖北省武昌区调研试题】E
Art robbery ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and art forgery （仿造） are both major themes in crime movies and literature．In the 2012 comedy movie Gambit, British actor Colin Firth plays an art curator who cheats his abusive boss into buying a fake Monet． In reality, art crimes are no less interesting and exciting．
According to The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )New York Times, over the past 15 years, Glafira Rosales fooled two local commercial art galleries into buying 63 false works of art for more than $30 million．She passed off fake paintings as works by 20th century modernist masters such as American artists Mark Rothko and Jackson Pollock．But in fact, these so called "newly discovered works" were all produced by a single man, a Chinese immigrant named Qian Peishen．
The art wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rld was shocked by Rosales' deception．But to the public, it was amusing and 6most satisfying to see wealthy people get tricked．
So what decides ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the value of a piece of art Is it beauty Is it the artist's talent and craftsmanship Or is it just because the artist is famous
We should take bea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uty out． If the buyers were buying paintings only for their beauty, they'll be content displaying good fakes on their walls． They wouldn't be so upset when a forgery is exposed．
The art market c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )laims that great artists are inimitable, and that this inimitability justifies the absurd price of their works． We can't deny that most famous artists are good at what they do, but forgers like Qian show that their works are imitable．Otherwise, the difference between the original and the copycats would be obvious and Rosales would not be able to fool anyone．
According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an article in the Economist, expensive paintings are what．economists call positional goods． They are valuable because other people can't have them． With other goods, a higher price reduces demand．But art turns down the laws of economics． “When the goods that is really being purchased is evidence that the buyer has paid a lot, price increases cause demand to boom," explained the article．
That's why scarcity a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd authenticity are so important in the art market． Artists sometimes forget this．Demien Hirst, the British pop artist, is famous for his spot paintings． But they dropped in value when it became clear that they had been produced in quantities so vast that nobody knew how many were out there．The art market lost faith in these paintings because no one could be sure which of them were authentic and which were fake．
67．The first paragraph is meant to tell the readers that ____ ．
A．movies and literature will be popular with art involved in them
B．art crimes are as interesting and exciting in reality as in movies
C．Gambit is a good movie with art forgery as the major theme
D．real art crime in reality can be adapted into popular films
68．Who is amused a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd satisfied to see the rich buy forged works of art
A．The public． B．Glafira Rosales．
C．Qian Peishe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n． D．Mark Rothlo and Jackson Pollock．
69．What kind of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) art buyers should not be unhappy with its high prices when a forgery is exposed according to the author
A．Those who buy only for its beauty．
B．Those who buy for its inimitability．
C．Those who 'buy for its authenticity．
D．Those who buy for its scarcity．
70．What is the law of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) economics theory behind矾 goods according to the economists
A．They are valuable goods．
B．High prices reduce the demand of art goods．
C．High prices increase the demand of art goods．
D．They are produced in quantities to satisfy people．
【参考答案】67-70 BAAC
阅读理解
A mother from Colo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rado who doctors said had died while giving birth to her son, has said it is a Christmas miracle that both she and the boy are alive.
Tracey Hermanstorfer' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s heart stopped beating and her son Coltyn appeared lifeless after the Caesarean(剖腹产术)section on Christmas Eve. However a few minutes after he was born, both began breathing again. Dr Stephanie Martin told Good Morning America she could not explain how the pair survived. Mrs Hermanstorfer and her husband Mike told the American television show that their baby was now healthy and that they were doing “good” following the drama at Colorado Springs Memorial Hospital.
The couple, wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o already had two children, had to go into the hospital seven weeks earlier than planned. Her husband, 37, said his wife was tired after receiving an epidural(硬脑膜外麻醉)during the labour(分娩)but after closing her eyes, she “wasn't waking up”．She stopped breathing and she is believed to have suffered a heart attack before her heart stopped beating entirely.
Dr Martin said she w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as called in and that the outlook was grim since in most situations like this，“despite the best efforts of the team”， the mother was often unable to be revived. In that case doctors then tried to focus on delivering the baby but when he was born he was “completely lifeless”．
Mr Hermansto ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rfer told the Associated Press news agency，“I had everything in the world taken from me, and in an hour and a half I had everything given to me.”
Dr Martin said she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) did not have a “great explanation” for why Mrs Hermanstorfer's heartbeat returned. “Somewhere between four and five minutes she had been without heart rate and had stopped breathing a minute or two prior to her heart stopping，” she said. The doctors were then able to bring the baby back to life, and the mother was alive after that.
Despite tests, s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he said doctors were still not sure about what had happened. However Mrs Hermanstorfer and her husband Mike have said they believed it was down to a miracle. She said：“I got a second chance in life.”
16．The story happened on________.
A．December, 24 B．December, 25 C．December, 31 D．January, 1
17．What might ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have happened to Tracey Hermanstorfer just before her heart stopped beating
A．She became unconscious. B．She took a nap.
C．She had a bad headache. D．She suffered a heart attack.
18．Which of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) following is the correct order of what happened to Tracey Hermanstorfer
a．suffering a heart attack
b．stopping heart beating entirely
c．stopping breathing
d．coming back to life
e．receiving an epidural
f．producing a baby
A．acfdbe
B．fcadbe
C．eacbfd
D．eabcfd
19．What feelings did Mr Hermanstorfer experience during the incident
A．Sad and delighted. B．Disappointed and depressed.
C．Sad and angry. D．Touched and regrettable.
20．Which of the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llowing words best expresses Dr Martin's attitude towards Tracey Hermanstorfer's coming back to life
A．Shocked. B．Puzzled. C．Normal. D．Curious.
[全解全析] 本文为记叙文。美国的一位产妇在分娩时可能突发心脏病，心脏停止了跳动。但在产下一个无生命迹象的男婴后，母子却奇迹般地死而复生。
答案：A　细节理解题。根据“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Tracey Hermanstorfer's heart stopped beating and her son Coltyn appeared lifeless after the Caesarean(剖腹产术)section on Christmas Eve.”可知，故事发生在圣诞节前夕，即12月24日。
答案：D　细节理解题。根据“She sto ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pped breathing and she is believed to have suffered a heart attack before her heart stopped beating entirely.”可知，在她的心脏停止跳动之前Tracey Hermanstorfer可能心脏病突发。
答案：C　细节理解题。要求 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对事件排序，可采用首尾定位法。第一个事件是receiving an epidural，最后一个事件是coming back to life。故排除A项和B项。根据had stopped breathing a minute or two prior to her heart stopping可知stopping breathing发生在前，故答案为C。
答案：A　推断题。根据“I had ever ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ything in the world taken from me, and in an hour and a half I had everything given to me.”可以判断Mr Hermanstorfer 经历了“先悲后喜”的情感体验。
答案：B　根据第二段相关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )内容“...she could not explain how the pair survived.”以及第六段第一句话“Dr Martin said she did not have a ‘great explanation’ for why Mrs Hermanstorfer's heartbeat returned.”等信息可知，Martin医生对这位产妇的“死而复生”感到“困惑”。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Kids will often igno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re your requests for them to shut off the TV, start their chores(杂事),or do their homework as a way to avoid following your directions. Before you know it, you’ve started to sound like a broken record as you repeatedly ask them to do their assignments, clean their room, or take out the trash. Rather than saying “Do your chores now.” you’ll be more effective if you set a target time for when the chores have to be completed. So instead of arguing about starting chores, just say, “If chores aren’t done by 4 pm, here are the consequences.” Then it’s up to your child to complete the chores. Put the ball back in their court. Don’t argue or fight with them, just say, “That’s the way it’s going to be.” It shouldn’t be punitive(惩罚性的)as much as it should be persuasive. “If your chores aren’t done by 4 pm, then no video game time until chores are done. And if finishing those chores runs into homework time, that’s going to be your loss.” On the other hand, when dealing with homework, keep it very simple. Have a time when homework starts, and at that time, all electronics go off and do not go back on until you see that their homework is done. If your kids say they have no homework, then they should use that time to study or read. Either way, there should be a time set aside when the electronics are off.
When a kid wears hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s iPod or headphones when you’re trying to talk to him, make no bones about it；he is not ignoring you, he is disrespecting you. At that point, everything else should stop until he takes the earplugs out of his ears. Don’t try to communicate with him when he’s wearing headphones — even if he tells you he can hear you. Wearing them while you’re talking to him is a sign of disrespect. Parents should be very tough about this kind of thing. Remember, mutual respect becomes more important as children mature.
1．According to the passage, it seldom happens that ________.
A．kids turn a deaf ear to their parents’ requests
B．parents’ directions sound like a broken record
C．children are ready to follow their parents’ directions
D．parents are unaware of what they are repeating to their kids
2．Parents will be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )able to deal with their children more effectively if they ________.
A．avoid direct ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ways of punishment B．make them do things at their request
C．argue and f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ight with their children D．allow their children to behave in their own way
3．When the kid is doing his homework, parents ________.
A．should provide him with a good learning environment
B．can do whatever they like
C．can stay aside watching TV
D．must switch off the power
4．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．parents sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould take off his headphones when trying to have a talk with their child
B．it will make no d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifference that a kid is wearing his earplugs while talking to his parents
C．parents should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n’t give in to their kid when he shows no sign of respect
D．kids’ purposel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y talking to their parents with iPod gives them a sense of power and
control
5．The main idea of the passage is ________.
A．that respecting each other is more important than anything else
B．how kids behave to ignore and disrespect their parents
C．that children should make choices and decisions on their own
D．how parents can deal with their kids’ behavior effectively
[全解全析]
1．答案　C
解析　细节理解题。注意题干中seldom表否定。从文章开头两句可知孩子们通常不理会父母的要求。
2．答案　A
解析　细节理解题。从第一段中间部分可知,作者认为“不与孩子发生正面冲突会取得更好的教育效果”。
3．答案　A
解析　细节理解题。从第一段可知“在孩子做作业时,家长要关掉所有的电器给孩子创造一个良好的学习环境”。D项“关掉电源”与文章不符。
4．答案　C
解析　推理判断题。从第二段前两句可判断选项C正确。
5．答案　D
解析　主旨大意题。本文旨在帮助父母有效应对孩子不听话的问题。【由江西省吉安一中2014模拟改编】
阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
To Whom It May Concern:
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Now it’s very calm and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) quiet here. You can notice the difference. No more loud chatter on the telephones! All we hear is the scratching of pencil on paper, the sound of pigeons, and the delivery of inter-office correspondence by paper airplane.
Wonderful! I’ve al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ways wanted to work for an insurance company ever since I was a little girl. Now it’s perfect.
Sincerely yours,
Eleanor Lightly
Spokeswoman and Company Hair Stylist
ABC Activity Insurance: insure against overdoing it
1. Which of the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llowing best describes the life the author is leading
A. A simple, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )slow-paced life. B. A life of hard work and security.
C. A religiou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, peasant-like life. D. A life away from paper and pencils.
2. Where is Eleanor’s letter sent to
A. How To Magazine.
B. ABC Activity Insurance Company.
C. Stab, Grab, Grit, and Nasty Law Firm.
D. The International Institute of Not Doing Much.
3. Which of the following is practiced in the author’s company
A. Replacing the manual work system with modern technology.
B. Turning off lights in the daytime to save electricity.
C. Recycling paper resources whenever possible.
D. Buying birds and pets as company for the staff.
4. What is true about Maggie
A. She works as a manager in the author’s company.
B. She sometimes helps fertilize the lawn outside the sauna.
C. She often helps with inter-office correspondence using e-mail.
D. Her handwriting has improved a lot after entering the company.
5. What is the purpose for the person to write this letter
A. to show his dissatisfaction with the new environment.
B. to complain about the bad working condition.
C. to persuade people to live a simple life.
D. to express his gratitude for the good advice.
【参考答案】1---5、ADCBD
【2014高考英语湖北省襄阳市统考试题】A
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was worki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng a double shift at the Southwest Airlines ticket counter． It was about 9:00 PM on Christmas Eve, and I was feeling really miserable inside． When it was time for me to call the next person to the counter,, I looked out to see the sweetest-looking old man standing with a walking stick．He walked very slowly over to the counter and in the faintest voice told me that he had to go to New Orleans． I tried to explain to him that there were no more flights that night and that he would have to go in the morning． He looked so confused and very worded． I tried to find out more information by asking if he had a reservation or if he remembered when he was supposed to travel, but he seemed to become more confused with each question． He just kept saying, "She said I have to go to New Orleans．"
After much tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, I was able to at least fmd out that this old man had been dropped off at the road on Christmas Eve by his sister-in-taw and told to go to New Orleans, where he had family． She had given him some cash and told him just to go inside and buy a ticket． When I asked if he could come back tomorrow, he said that she was gone and that he had no place to stay． He then said he would wait at the airport until tomorrow． Naturally, I felt a little ashamed． Here I was feeling very sorry for myself about being alone on Christmas, when this angel named Clarence MacDonald was sent to me to remind me of what being alone really meant． It broke my heart．
Immediat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ely, our Customer Service agent helped to book him a seat for the earliest flight the next morning． When I stepped around the counter to ask him if he was all right, I saw that his leg was wrapped in a bandage． He had been standing on it that whole time, holding a plastic bag full of clothes．I called for a wheelchair． He said that he had just had bypass surgery（分流手术）and an artery was taken from his leg． I never really had a situation like this, and I wasn't sure what I could do． I went back to ask my supervisors（主管）if we could fmd a place for him to stay． They both said yes, and they obtained a hotel voucher for Mr． MacDonald for one night and a meal ticket for dinner and breakfast．
The moment he l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eft, he said, "Thank you," bending his head and starting to cry． I cried too．When I went back to thank my supervisor, she just smiled and said, "I love stories like that． He is your Christmas Man．"
51． The writer's firs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t impression of the old man was that he was ．
A． gentle-lookin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g and weak B． tired out and worded
C． confused and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )very sick D． sad and anxious
52． On hearing the o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld man say that he would wait at the airport the whole night, the writer felt a bit ashamed because ．
A． she felt sorry that she couldn't do the old man a favor
B． she reali ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )zed that someone was even more miserable than she felt
C． it too ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k her a long time to find out how helpless the old man was
D． the old man was like an angel in the writer's eyes
53． The writer ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lled for a wheelchair for the old man because ．
A． the old ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )man had broken his leg when he was dropped off at the road
B． the old man could spend the whole night on it at the airport
C． the old man was carrying a whole lot of clothes
D． the old ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) man had had surgery just before and was very weak by then
54． By calling the o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld man the writer's Christmas Man, the writer's supervisor implied that ．
A． the old man had told the writer a love story on Christmas
B． the old man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) had caused a lot of trouble for the writer on Christmas
C． the old man was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the best gift the writer could have received on Christmas
D． the ol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d man was the only customer the writer had served on Christmas
【参考答案】51-54：ABDC
阅读理解-----Passa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ge three(Advertisers Perform a Useful Service to the Community)
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s iniquitous,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’
The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.
We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘agony’ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!
1.What is main idea of this passage
A. Advertisement.
B. The benefits of advertisement.
C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.
D. The costs of advertisement.
2.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is
A. appreciative.
B. trustworthy.
C. critical.
D. dissatisfactory.
3.Why do the critics criticize advertisers
A. Because advertisers often brag.
B. Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.
C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.
D. Because customers pay more.
4.Which of the following is Not True
A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.
B. We can buy what we want.
C. Good quality products don’t need to be advertised.
D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.
5.The passage is
A. Narration.
B. Description.
C. Criticism.
D. Argumentation.
Vocabulary
come in for ( sth. ) 是某事物的对象，吸引（某事物），获得
flair 天资，天分
iniquitous 极邪恶的，极不公正的
drab 单调的，乏味的
subsist 活下去，生存下去，维持下去
hatch 孵化（指生孩子）
match 匹配，婚姻
dispatch 派遣，发送
agony 极大痛苦，煎熬
agony column （报刊中关于个人疑难问题征询意见的）读者来信专栏
难句译注
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism.
【参考译文】广告商总是雄心勃勃（想得很大），也许这就是为什么他们老挨批评。
Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion.
【参考译文】他们的批评者似乎对他们很气愤，因为他们在自我抬高/标榜上很有天分。
No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offer such deep insight into human nature.
【参考译文】报纸任何其他栏目都难以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供对人性的内涵如此深刻的洞察。
It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is.
【参考译文】这是广告中最佳的广告。
写作方法与文章大意
文章以因果、对比的手法写出有没有广告的后果及广告的真正作用。文章首先指出广告商遭批评的原因：广告商夸大和人们认为广告浪费钱财、商品价格就搞；然后作者以有无广告的后果突出其功能，没有广告，商品价更高，生活单调、乏味。有了广告，商品价低，生活丰富多彩，人们获取各种信息。
答案详解
1.C. 广告对社会的服务很有用。作者从三方面来叙述广告作用：第二段点出如果广告不为产品开辟广大的市场，我们就得付出很多钱，正是因为大量的广告费用，消费者的商品才会那么便宜。广告除销售商品外，其重要的功能在通知/告诉信息，有关家用商品的许多只是来自广告，还有新产品的介绍。
第三段讲了美化环境功能。如果火车站的墙上和报上没有广告，那会怎么样。一幅悦人心目，机智的广告将改变一切。
第四段讲了它为我们省钱：别忘了广告对我们口袋作出积极的贡献。报纸、电台、电视台公司没有这笔收入很难生存。我们的报纸，我们付给很少，或者说，我们能享受那么多的节目完全是因为广告商花的钱。如果要我们付报纸的全价，那我们要花多少钱！
最后一段讲了各种专栏的功能。人们可以在这些栏目找工作、买卖房子、宣布婚丧嫁娶信息。这些都围着一个中心：广告对社会服务的有用性。
2.A. 广告。太笼统。B. 广告之优点。文章不是讲优点，而是讲服务于社会的功能。D. 广告费用。
3.A. 欣赏/赞赏。从上述注释也可推知是A项。最重要的，作者提出种种功能，是为了反驳第一段内提到的论点：完全是非生产企业每年吸收几百万镑，这说明这些大公司利润有多高。最重要的是消费者付的广告费等。反驳更说明了A项对。
B. 值得信任。 C. 批评。 D. 不满意。
A. 因为广告商常常爱吹，。见难句译注1.。
B. 因为批评者认为广告浪费钱。 C. 因为广告促使消费者购买不必要的东西。 D. 因为消费者支付更多。
4.C. 优质产品不需要广告。一切产品都需要广告，新产品、老产品都需要。
A. 广告对我们的口袋作出贡献。 B. 我们可以买到我们所需的。 D. 广告使我们生活丰富多彩。这三条都提到也是真实的。
5.C. 文章一开始就提到对广告的批评，然后作者以对比的手法说明其功能。
A. 叙事。B. 描写。 D. 议论。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Like many people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you may be dreaming of a career as a rock and roll star. There are two ways to go about getting one. First there is the traditional way. Find some friends and form a group. Learn to play the guitar or the drums. Write your own songs. Spend hours arguing about the band name. Then go on the road.
The next step ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is to spend a year or two touring. If you are good, the crowds will get bigger. In the end an artist from a record company may come to a show. If he or she likes you，there may be a deal. This is the route traditionally followed by bands in the music industry. Success means fame and wealth. And failure gives you some interesting stories to tell your children.
Over the last few ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )years a different path to success has become known. Boy bands like Boyzone and girl bands like the Spice Girls don't come together on their own.They are created by managers and record companies.Their image is strictly controlled. Professional song writers usually write their music. This is a convenient arrangement and the public seems to love the result.
Though boy and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )girl bands have become very popular recently，there is a long tradition of making music in this way. In the early 1960's an American businessman called Berry Gordy founded Motown Records. Motown is short for “motor town”. The record company was based in the city of Detroit, where thousands of African Americans had moved to work in the car industry. They brought with them a cultural tradition of writing and performing music. This style later became known as “soul music”. Berry Gordy was a diamond miner. He took raw talent from the street and polished it until it shone. Motown stars were not just given songs to sing. They were also taught how to dress well and speak properly.
1．In the first paragraph the writer seems to tell us ________.
A. to form a band is very hard
B. the name of the band is very important
C. newly built bands can only perform by road
D. to form a band is very simple
答案：D　推断题。依据第一段中“First...”所在的句子可看出作者认为组成一个乐队非常简单。
2．If a newborn ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd wants to succeed, as the writer tells, it must have the chance________.
A. to travel in big cities
B. to perform before an artist
C. to make an agreement with a record company
D. to experience failure again and again
答案：C　细节题。根据第二段中“In th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e end an artist from a record company may come to a show. If he or she likes you, there may be a deal.”可知C项正确。
3．From the fourth paragraph，we can conclude that ________.
A. Motown was only enjoyed by the workers in Detroit
B. Motown showed the style of the black Americans
C. Detroit used to be famous for its music industry
D. Detroit was founded by African Americans
答案：B　细节题。依据该段中“.. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) where thousands of African Americans had moved to work in the car industry.”而确定选B项。
4．From the passage, we can learn that Motown stars________.
A. used to be miners
B. used to dress poorly
C. became perfect little by little
D. came from Berry Gordy's hometown
答案：C　推理判断题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据最后一段中“He took raw talent from the street and polished it until it shone.”可知C项是最佳选项。
【2014高考英语广东省华侨中学四模】C
How could we p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ossibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful
Zoo officials ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )say they are concerned about animals. How ever, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Zoos claim to educate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range. The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.
The animals are kept ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Furthermore, most ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding (圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals
Actually, we will sav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
36. How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos
A. Dangerous. B. Unhappy. C. Natural. D. Easy.
37. In the state of zoochosis, animals _________.
A. remain in cages B. behave strangely
C. attack other animals D. enjoy moving around
38. What does the author try to argue in the passage
A. Zoos are not worth the public support.
B. Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.
C. Zoos should treat animals as human beings.
D. Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.
39. The author trie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _____.
A. discussing the advantages of natural habitats
B. using evidence he has collected at zoos
C. questioning the way animals are protected
D. pointing out the faults in what zoos do
40. Although ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he argues against zoos, the author would still agree that _______.
A. zoos have to keep animals in small cages
B. most animals in zoos are endangered species
C. some endangered animals are reproduced in zoos
D. it’s acceptable to keep animals away from their habitats
【参考答案】36－40. BBADC
【2014高考英语四川省凉山州一模试题】D
There are t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wo basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People
have general ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly viewed personal growth as an external(外部的）result or product that can easily be
identified and mea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the
foreigner who learns a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable
results to show for their efforts
By contras ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by
definition it is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is
not the road itself, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as
they go through n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ew experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never
really ends; th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges
to accept.
In order ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to be
faced with the unkn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )own, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at fist. How we see
ourselves as w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow.
These feelings ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to
change and grow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). If we do not face and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect
ourselves too much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making
43. A person is gen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erally believed to achieve personal growth when he____．
A. has been admitted into a key university
B. has made great efforts in his work
C. is interested in making anything new
D. has tried to determine where he is on his journey
44. In the a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uthor's eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would
A. judge his ability to grow from his own achievements
B. succeed in climbing up the social ladder
C. face difficulties and take up challenges
D. aim high and reach his goal each time
45. What’s the meaning of the underlined word "cease" in paragraph 4
A. continue B. stop C. promote D. adapt
46. For personal growth, the author may not support______．
A. curiosit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y and more chances B. being quick in self-adaptation
C. open- ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )minded to new experiences D. avoidance of internal fears and doubts
【参考答案】43—45、ACB
Passage 3
In 1935, the clarineti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st and bandleader Benny Goodman, aged just twenty?six, left New York with his fourteen?piece “swing” band and, traveling in a ragtag group of cars, headed for the huge Palomar Ballroom in Los Angeles. It was not an easy trip. ?There were half a dozen dismal, sparsely attended one?nighters and three weeks at a dance hall in Denver, where the band was forced to play waltzes, tangos, and novelty numbers. On the opening night at the Palomar, the band played ballad numbers in the first set, and there was little response from the dancers. Then one of the musicians said, if they were going to bomb again they might well do it in style. So Goodman called for his hot, often uptempo arrangements, many of them by the ingenious black bandleader and arranger Fletcher Henderson, and the kids stopped dancing, clustered around the bandstand, and began roaring. ?Before the weeks at the Palomar were over, it was clear that Goodman had suddenly made jazz—still a suspect and largely subliminal American folk music, despite the brilliant inventions during the previous decade of Jelly Roll Morton and others—into a popular music.
Goodman?s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) surprising ways continued. In 1936, he shook up the white entertainment establishment by hiring two black musicians—the elegant pianist Teddy Wilson and the plunging vibraphonist Lione Hampton. (To be sure, Wilson and Hampton did not play in the band; instead, they appeared with Goodman and the drummer Gene Krupa during intermissions.) A year later, when the band went into the Paramount Theater in New York for three weeks, legions of kids appeared, and a screaming, dancing riot nearly took place. ?It was the first great American show frenzy, and it prepared the way for the Sinatra frenzy of 1947, and for all the Beatles frenzies, and for all the mindless rock?borne frenzies of the Seventies and Eighties.
Then, on the nig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht of January 16, 1938, Goodman, challenging the long?hairs, took his band into a sold?out Carnegie Hall. The big band played a dozen numbers, the trio two numbers, and the quartet five numbers. ?Despite the immediate rumblings from Olin Downes, the Times?s classical music critic (“The playing last night, if noise, speed and beat, all old devices, are heat, was “hot” as it could be, but nothing came of it all, and in the long run it was decidedly monotonous”), Goodman?s concert moved jazz even further up the American popular register. ［412 words］
61. This passage is mainly
A a general review of Jazz music.
B a biography of Benny Goodman.
C about the origin of American folk music.
D about how jazz became popular in America.
62. Whic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h of the following statements is true according to the passage
A The band?s fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rst music show in Los Angles was an immediate success.
B Goodman is considered the father of Jazz music.
C Benny Goodman was unknown to public when he left New York.
D The b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and scheduled to play waltzes, tangos and novelty numbers at a dance hall in Denver.
63. It could be inferred from the passage that
A Jazz is a style of music native to America.
B Classic music had become outdated at Goodman?s time.
C Morton and Goodman were contemporaries.
D Goodman was th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e first bandleader who hired Black musicians in 1930s.
64. The phrase “sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ake up” (Line 1,Paragraph 2) in the context probably means
A to give a very unpleasant shock.
B to make changes to an organization.
B to get rid of a problem.
D to point out, designate.
65. Towards Goo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dman?s music show frenzy, Olin Downes, the classical music critic has
A approving attitude. B satirizing attitude.
C regretting mind. D exaggerated tone.
【参考答案】Passage 3
61. 【正确答案】 ［D about how jazz became popular in America.
【本题考点】主旨大意题。
【试题精解】 本文主要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )讲述音乐家Benny Goodman如何使爵士乐成为一种美国通俗音乐。选项［A “爵士乐概观”和［B “Benny Goodman传记”都涉及面太宽，所以不选。选项［C “美国民族音乐的起源”与本文大意无关。
【考点出处】
62. 【正确答案】 ［C B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enny Goodman was unknown to public when he left New York.
【本题考点】 细节判断题。
【试题精解】 此题可利用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )排除法来做。文章第一段提到在洛杉矶巴罗默演奏厅的演出是一次艰难的跋涉，因此可排除选项［A 。文中还提到在此前10年中其他人在爵士乐方面也有卓越的创作，故排除［B 项。文章还提到乐队不得已演奏了华尔兹、探戈及新奇的乐曲。由此排除［D 。而选项［C 中说Benny Goodman悄悄离开纽约恰合题意，故选［C 。
【考点出处】 文中第一段。
63. 【正确答案】 ［A Jazz is a style of music native to America.
【本题考点】 推理暗示题。
【试题精解】 根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据文章第一段末句“...still a suspect and largely subliminal American folk music...”可以推断：爵士乐是源于美国一种音乐风格。
【考点出处】 第一段末句。
64. 【正确答案】 ［B to make changes to an organization.
【本题考点】 主旨大意题。
【试题精解】 shake up在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语境中意为：大力整顿，重组，使受到变动很大的安排或组织。分析四个选项可知只有［B 项合乎题意，故选［B 。
【考点出处】 根据语境及上下文联系推断词组意思。
65. 【正确答案】 ［B satirizing attitude.
【本题考点】 语义归纳题。
【试题精解】 文章所引用的Olin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Downes 的话，显然是一段针对Goodman?s 乐队演出的讽刺性的评论。因此本题的正确答案是［B 。
【考点出处】 通过对全文的归纳总结来分析人物的态度，关键信息在最后一段。
■核心词汇
1.clarinetistn.单簧管演奏者
2.bandleadern.伴舞乐队的指挥
3.ragtagn.平民，穷人 ［例 ragtag and bobtail 下层社会
4.numbern.乐曲 ［例 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) My sister sang several numbers from the musical. 我姐姐唱了歌舞片里的几部选曲。
5.subliminala.下意识的，潜在意识的
6.legionn.大批，一大群人 ［例 a legion of admirers 一群仰慕者
7.frenzyn. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )狂暴，狂乱 ［例 In a frenzy of hate he killed the boss and revenged his friend.在一阵痛恨的狂乱中，他杀死了老板，为朋友报了仇。
8.trio三人一组，三件一套；三重奏，三重唱
■难句注释
（1）There were half a dozen dismal, … and novelty numbers.
【解析】 复合句。关系副词where 引导定语从句。
【译文】 有六、七场沉闷的夜间演出，观众寥寥无几。乐队又在丹佛的一家舞厅演出了三个星期，不得已演奏了华尔兹、探戈及一些新奇的舞曲。
（2）Before ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the weeks at the Palomar were over, … and others—into a popular music.
【解析】 注意此处make sth. into sth. 的结构表示“将……变成了……”。
【译文】 很清楚 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，在帕罗玛几个星期的演出结束之前，Goodman 突然间将爵士乐——一种尚不明确的很大程度上是潜意识的美国民间音乐，尽管有早先十年中Jelly Roll Morton 和其他人的卓越创造——变成了一种通俗音乐。
（3）It was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the first great American show frenzy, … frenzies of the Seventies and Eighties.
【解析】 句中三个介词for后接三个并列成分。
【译文】 那是美国 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一次由于演出引发的狂热现象，后来又出现了1947年的Sinatra狂热，披头士合唱队狂热及七十年代和八十年代忘我的摇滚演出狂热。
（4）Despite the imm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ediate rumblings … even further up the American popular register.
【解析】 “if nois ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, speed and beat, all old devices, are heat”是插入语。despite: 介词，意为：不管，不顾；the Times: 美国《时代》杂志；in the long run: 最后，终究；register 此处意为：记录。
【译文】 尽管美国《时代》杂志古典乐 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )评论家Olin Downes 立即发出批评怨言，（“如果噪音、快速的音乐节奏和节拍以及所有的旧乐器就意味着热烈，昨天晚上的演出很‘热’，却毫无意义，终究无疑是单调乏味”），Goodman 的音乐会推进了爵士乐在美国通俗乐中的地位。
■全文精译
爵士乐的流行
1935年，只有26岁的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )单簧管演奏者兼乐队指挥 Benny Goodman率领由14件乐器组成的“摇摆”乐队，乘坐不甚显耀的车队离开纽约，前往（head for）洛杉矶巨大的巴罗默演奏厅。这是一次艰难的跋涉（be not an easy trip）。有六、七场（half a dozen）沉闷的（dismal）夜间演出，观众寥寥无几（sparsely attend）。乐队又在丹弗的一家舞厅演出了三个星期，不得已（be forced to）演奏了华尔兹、探戈及一些新奇的乐曲。在巴罗默首场演出晚会上，乐队首先演奏了芭蕾曲，却没有得到舞友的回应。一位乐师说：要想制造爆炸性效果就制造点新花样吧！Goodman便要求（call for）乐队演奏狂热、快速的改编乐曲，其中许多曲子是这位天才的黑人乐队指挥和乐曲改编者Fletcher Henderson演奏的。年轻人们都不跳舞了，他们全欢呼着围到了演奏台周围。很清楚，在帕罗马几个星期的演出结束前，Goodman突然将爵士乐——尽管在此前10年中Jelly Roll Morton和其他人都有卓越的创作，爵士乐当时仍然没有为人们所接受、在很大程度上仍然是潜意识的美国民间音乐——变成了一种通俗音乐。
Goodman令人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )惊奇的方式继续着。1936年，他邀请两位黑人乐师——优雅的钢琴演奏家（the elegant pianist）和专注的（the plunging）电颤琴演奏家Lione Hampton——加盟，这极大地影响了（shake up）白人娱乐圈。（而事实上（to be sure），两位黑人乐师都没有在乐队中演奏，只是在演奏间歇时同Goodman和鼓手Gene Krupa一起露露面。）一年后，当乐队入驻纽约市派拉蒙剧院演奏三周，大群年轻人到场，他们尖叫着、狂舞着，几乎发生了混乱。那是美国第一次由于演出引发的狂热现象（show frenzy），它为后来出现的1947年的西纳特拉狂热、披头士合唱队狂热和70、80年代忘我的摇滚乐产生的狂热铺平了道路。
接着，1938年1月16日晚，Go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )odman率领乐队进入已卖出的卡耐基大厅，对古典音乐发起挑战。庞大的乐队演奏了十多首乐曲、两曲三重奏、五曲四重奏。尽管美国《时代》杂志古典音乐评论家Olin Downes立即提出批评（“昨天晚上的演奏，如果噪音、快速的音乐节奏和节拍以及所有的旧乐器就意味着热烈，昨天晚上的演出很“热”，却毫无意义（nothing come of it all），终究无疑是单调乏味（monotonous）”）， Goodman的音乐会进一步提高了爵士乐在美国通俗乐中的影响。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
America is growing old ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways — edu cation, medicine, and business. Quietly, the aging of America has made us a very different society — one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages.
A person’s age no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) longer tells you anything about his/ her social position, marriage or health. There’s no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop work ing isn’t as strong as it used to be. It doesn’t surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing.
Many people say, “ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I am much younger than my mother or my father was at my age.” No one says “Act your age” any more. We’ve stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.
1. It can be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) learned from the text that the aging of the popula tion in America ________.
A. has made people feel younger
B. has changed people’s social position
C. has changed people’s understanding of age
D. has slowed down the country’s social development
2. The underlined word “one” refers to ________.
A. a society B. America C. a place D. population
3. “Act your age” means people should ________.
A. be active when they are old
B. do the right thing at the right age
C. show respect to their parents young or old
D. take more physical exercises suitable to their age
4. If a’ 25-yea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r-old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer of the text would most probably consider it _________.
A. normal B. wonderful C. unbelievable D. unreasonable
【参考答案及解析】
1. C 主旨题。根据第一、二段的最后一句及第三段可判断。
2. A 细节题。one是a society的同位语且后面跟了一个定语从句，可以通过分析句子结构得出正确答案。
3. B 细节题。全文最后一句话给出了提示。
4. A 推理题。可仔细阅读第二段中倒数第二句话。
【2014高考英语湖北省襄阳市统考试题】E
A single tumor（肿 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )瘤）can be made up of many separate cancers needing different treatments, say researchers．
A team at the I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nstitute of Cancer Research, London, has developed a new technique for measuring the diversity within a cancer． They showed "extraordinary" differences between cancerous cells and say traditional drugs may fail as they may be unable to kill all the mutated （突变）tissue．Experts said the f'mdings would have "far-reaching effects" for treatments．
A tumor starts a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a single cell, which acquires mutations and eventually divides uncontrollably．But that is not the end of the process． Cancerous cells continue to mutate and become more aggressive, move round the body and resist drugs． This process is disordered and results in a "diverse" tumor containing cancerous cells that have mutated in different ways．
"This has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) huge implications for medicine," researcher Prof Mel Greaves told the BBC． His team at the Institute of Cancer Research investigated cancer diversity in five children with leukemia．They compared mutations in individual cancerous cells with a known database of mutations．Their results, published in the journal Genome Research, showed patients had between 2 and 10 genetically distinct leukemia．Prof Greaves said:"Every patient doesn't have one cancer, they have multiple cancers． This is really a technical advance to get at this extraordinary complex diversity; it helps explain why we have such difficulty with advanced diseases．"
Scientists comp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are cancer diversity to a tree． The initial mutations the trunk will be common to all cancer cells． But then the tumor branches out． It means a treatment that targets one "branch" or sub-clone of the cancer might slow the disease, but they will never stop it． Prof Charles Swanton, who researches diversity at the University College London Cancer Institute, told the BBC:"We call it pruning（修剪） the branches not cutting down the tree; treatment will remove some of the sub-clones, but cutting down the tree is hard to do． The bottom line is that we need to understand cancer diversity to limit further adaptations, reduce the pace of evolution and prolong the activity of drugs．"
67． Why do the trad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itional drugs have no effects on treatment of cancer？
A． They are worsening the condition．
B． They are unabl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to kill the constantly changing cancerous cells．
C． It takes a long time for them to have effects．
D． They are not powerful enough．
68． From paragraph 3, we can know that ．
A． mutation takes place in body in order
B． the process of mutation comes to an end soon
C． the mutations are out of control eventuaily
D． cancerous cells mutate in the same way
69． Scientists compare cancer diversity to a tree because ．
A． cancers develop quickly just like a tree
B． treating cancers is as difficult as cutting down a tree
C． tumor needs nutrition when mutating
D． new tumor will come out during the mutating process
70． The passage mainly talks about ．
A． the tumor is constantly mutating in different ways
B． cancer is impossible to treat
C． a new drug for cancer will be on sale
D． why cancers resist drugs
【参考答案】67-70：BCDA
Passage seven(Stricte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r Traffic Law can Prevent Accidents)
From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.
It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as to severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.
1.The main idea of this passage is
[A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.
Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.
[C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.
[D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.
2.What does the author think of society toward motorists
[A] Society smiles on the motorists.
Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.
[C] Victims of accidents are nothing.
[D] Society condones their rude driving.
3.Why does the author say:’ his car becomes the extension of his personality ’
[A] Driving can show his real self.
Driving can show the other part of his personality.
[C] Driving can bring out his character.
[D] His car embodies his temper.
4.Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents
[A] Build more highways.
Stricter driving tests.
[C] Test drivers every three years.
[D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.
5.The attitude of the author is
[A] ironical
critical
[C] appealing
[D] militant
Vocabulary
1.immunise 使免疫，使免除
2.expectation of life = life expectancy 平均寿命
3.versus = against 对顶，反对
4.mutilate 伤害
5.wilful 任性的，固执的
6.benign 宽厚的，仁慈的
7.condone 宽容
8.desecrate 亵渎，玷污
9.code 法规，规定，惯例
10.stringent 严格的，紧急的，迫切的
11.performance 演出，成品，这里是指
car’ s behavior such as speed,
function etc.可译成行为，
汽车行为、功能等。
难句译注
1.Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.
【参考译文】人和汽车对抗！这是一场人类永远是输家的无休止的战斗。
2.All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.
【参考译文】应当禁止所有强调力量和表现行为的广告。
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述“交通事故”，采用因果、对比手法。从人的平均寿命增加和交通事故率成正比谈起，触及事故率上升的原因，要求制定更严格的法规予以制止种种造成事故的不良行为。
答案详解
1.D 只有更严格的交通法规才能制止交通事故。这在最后一段的结论中体现的最清楚。前面几段只是讲造成事故的种种原因。其目的就是：“是制定世界交通法规以减少无谓的生命浪费的时候了。对于开车，有些国家的法规太松弛，甚至最严格的国家也不够严格。世界公认之法律只可能对交通事故率起大大降低的作用（有非常好的效果。）”这里列出几件要干的事：“驾驶测试应当标准化，比现在的要严格；所有死机每三年考核一次；年轻人驾车的允许年龄应提高到21岁；全部机动车每年都应经过严格的安全测试（测定其安全性）……这些步骤可能听起来异常严厉，可是，如果其结果事减少每年死伤人数的话，就不存在什么太严格的事了。”
A. 主要是机动车死机造成的交通事故。 B. 全世界每年有几千人丧生。 C. 有些国家的交通法规太松弛。这三道答案都是文中谈到某一点，不能作为中心目的。
2.D 社会宽容这种野蛮开车行径。答案就在第三段：“令人惊讶的是社会对司机宽厚地笑笑，似乎宽容他们的行为。一切都为他们的方便而干。人们允许城市由于交通拥挤而几乎不能居住了，大型停车场把城镇“弄得”丑陋不堪，公路网玷污了乡村，每年大量的杀伤仅仅成为统计数字，被很容易地忘记。”
A. 社会对司机笑容可掬。B. 大型停车场建在市和镇上。C. 交通死难者等于零。这三项都只是第三段的一个个具体事实。社会正是通过这一件件事来宽容司机野蛮开车，而造成事故。
3.A “他的车就是他个性的外延”这句话就体现了“开车表现他真正的自我，真实的个性”。第二段讲的很清楚：“这么说完全正确：当一个人坐在方向盘后，他的车就成为他个性的外延。毫无疑问，汽车常常表现了人之最坏的品质。平常很安详愉快的人一坐在方向盘后可能就变得难以认识。他们咒骂、行为差劲、好斗、固执、任性得就像两岁的孩子。他们所有隐藏的失落、失望和忌妒感，似乎都在开车中暴露出来”。
B. 表现他个性的另一面。 C. 表现了他的性格。 D. 他的车体现了他的脾气秉性。只是表现自我中的某个事实。
4.A 只有建更多高速公路。没有提。
B. 更难的测试。C. 每三年对司机进行一次考察。 D. 提高年龄段和制定安全条例。都提到。见第一题译注。
5.B 批评的态度。文章第一、二、三段指出了造成交通事故的原因，呼吁各国制定严格的交通法规，批评现有的交通法规松弛不严格，最后指出世界是人类的，不是摩托车的等等，都说明作者对上述种种都具批评的态度。
A. 讽刺的。 C. 哀求的、呼吁的。 D. 富有战斗性的。【由江苏省盐城市2014模拟改编】
阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Spanish explorer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s called them Las Encantadas, the Enchanted Isles, and Charles Darwin used his studies of the islands as the foundation for his theory of natural selection. The Galapagos are among the world's most important scientific treasures, a group of volcanic islands surrounded by deserted beaches and inhabited by unique varieties of giant tortoise, lizards, and birds.
Yet life on this United Nations world heritage site has turned sour. Battles have broken out between fishermen and conservationists. Ecuador, which owns the islands, has sent a naval patrol (海军巡逻队) to put down disturbances.
The controversial director of the Galapagos National Park—which controls 97 percent of Galapagos land and the reserve extending to 40 miles offshore—has been fired, while an air of uneasy tension hangs over the islands, as the islanders prepare for election when they pick their representatives in Ecuador’s national assembly.
“It’s a very tense situation,” said Leonor Stjepic, director of the London-based Galapagos Conservation Trust, which raises money to help projects on the islands. “We are watching it with concern.”
The violence has been triggered by an alarming growth in the islands’ population. Puerto Ayora, on Santa Cruz island, housed just 45 inhabitants in the 50s. Today there are more than 10,000, while the islands' total population is more than 19,000 and growing by 6 percent a year, despite recently introduced a law to limit waves of immigrants fleeing the poor areas of Ecuador for a life “in paradise (天堂)”. On top ofthis, more than 100,000 tourists visit the islands every year.
Such numbers have put the islands, special ecology under intense pressure. Conservationists backed by the Ecuador government, have replied by exercising strict controls to protect the islands* iguanas, blue-footed boobies, and giant tortoises.
These moves have angered many local people, however. They want to exploit (开发利用) the islands’ waters and catch its protected species of sharks, lobsters and sea cucumbers, which can fetch high prices in Japan and South Korea.
Angry fishermen surrounded the Charles Darwin research station on Santa Cruz last February, threatened to kill Lonesome George—the last surviving member of the Pinta Island species of the Galapagos giant tortoise.
The situation got improved after the Ecuador government made concessions (让步) by increasing fishing quotas (配额), which angered conservationists. “It is tragic, the short-term gain of a few fishermen versus the long-term survival of the Galapagos,” said John McCosker of the California Academy of Sciences. “They are killing the golden goose.”
Then, the Ecuador government appointed Fausto Cepeda as the national park's new director, a post that has become a political football for the mainland government. There have been nine directors in the past 18 months.
This appointment was particularly controversial, however. Cepeda was known to have close ties with the fishing industry, and the rangers (管理员),who run the national park and reserve, rebelled.
More than 300 staged a sit-in at the park’s headquarters and prevented Cepeda from taking up his post. A battle broke out, and at least two people suffered serious injuries. Eventually, Cepeda—with the fishermen’s help- entered the park. “I am in office, i am in control. And I am trying to lower the tension,” he announced.
The Ecuador government took no chances, and sent a patrol boat to maintain the peace. A few days later, Ecuador Environment Minister Fabian Valdivicso met representatives of rangers. After discussions, he told newspapers that he had decided to remove Cepeda from the post.
However, as the population continues to rise, the long-term pressures on the islands are serious and will not disappear that easily.
“We have to balance its special environment with the needs of local people. In that sense, it is a microcosm (缩影) for all the other threatened parts of the world. So getting it right here is going to be a very, very important trick to pull off,” said Stjepic.
1、What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to
A．The island’s swelling population.
B．The law to limit waves of immigrants.
C．A life in paradise.
D．The tourists’ visiting the islands every year.
2、How significant were the islands for Charles Darwin
A．He based his theory on his studies there.
B．He built the Charles Darwin research center there.
C．He advocated the balance between ecology and people there.
D．He found the last surviving giant tortoise there.
3、What is the primary ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) contributing factor to the conflict between conservationists and fishermen
A．The dismissal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the previous director of the Galapagos National Park.
B．The exploitation of the islands.
C．The government's support of Galapagos Conservation Trust.
D．Cepeda’s close tie with the fishing industry.
4、We can learn from the passage that _______.
A．the projects ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of Galapagos Conservation Trust on the islands are profitable
B．conservationists get angry when fishermen are killing a goose
C．politicians fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om the mainland government play football on the islands
D．the government is trying to ease the tension
5、In Paragraph 13, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )what does the author mean by “The Ecuador government took no chances”
A．The government did not seize opportunities.
B．The government made no compromises.
C．The government did not run risks.
D．The government shrank from responsibilities.
【参考答案】1---5、AABDC
阅读理解--。
We're all connected. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) You can send an e-mail message to a friend, and your friend can pass it on to one of his or her friends, and that friend can do the same, continuing the chain. Eventually, your message could reach just about anyone in the world, and it might take only five to seven e-mails for the message to get there.
Scientists rece ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntly tested that idea in a study involving 24,000 people. Participants had to try to get a message forwarded to one of 18 randomly chosen people. Each participant started by sending one e-mail to someone they knew. Recipients could then forward the e-mail once to someone they knew, and so on.
Targets, who we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re randomly assigned by researchers from Columbia University in New York, lived in 13 countries. They included an Australian police officer, a Norwegian veterinarian, and a college professor.
Out of 24,000 chains, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )only 384 reached their goal. The rest petered out, usually because one of the recipients was either too busy to forward the message or thought it was junk mail.
The links that reache ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d their goal made it in an average of 4.05 e-mails. Based on the lengths of the failed chains, the researchers estimated that two strangers could generally make contact in five to seven e-mails.
The most suc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cessful chains relied on casual acquaintances rather than close friends. That's because your close friends know each other whereas your acquaintances tend to know people you don't know. The phenomenon, known as the strength of weak ties, explains why people tend to get jobs through people they know casually but aren't that close to.
So, start networking ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and instant messaging now. As they say in show business: It's all about who you know.
6. If you want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to get into touch with a stranger in the world, how many e-mails might it take for the message to reach him/her
A. 5 to 7 B. 18 C. 13 D. 384
7. Which of the following is Not true about the test
A. 24,000 people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) took part in the study and sent e-mails to people they knew.
B. The 18 targets were chosen by chance.
C. About 98. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )4% of the mails didn’t reach their goal because some people were too busy or they mistook the message for junk mail.
D. The targets com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e from 13 countries, such as Australia, Norway and New York.
8. What does the word “estimate” mean in the passage
A. make sure B. suppose C. think over D. imagine
9. Why do people tend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to get jobs more easily through casual acquaintances than close friends
A. Because close friends don’t talk with each other so much.
B. Because casual ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )acquaintances can help you know more people and make more friends.
C. Because close friends don’t spend so much time gathering together.
D. Because casual ac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quaintances are kinder and more willing to help others.
10. In which part of a newspaper will readers read this passage
A. Culture B. Entertainment C. Information and Technology D. Health
[全解全析] 本文主要讲述电子邮件将人们的联系拉近。
6. A 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知。
7. D 细节理解题。由第二段可知，A, B, C都正确；由第三段最后一句可知，D不正确。
8. B 词义猜测题。estimate “估计”，与B选项suppose意思最接近。
9. B 细节理解题。由第六段可知。
10. C 推理判断题。因本文谈的e-mail与电脑有关，所以应与“信息和技术”相关。
【2014高考英语四川省成都市一模试题】 B
Eight Things a Burglar Won’t Tell You
Should you spend your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) money on a home security system A look inside a burglar’s(夜盗) mind might help you decide.
1. Of course ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I look familiar. I was here just last week cleaning your carpets, painting your shutters, or delivering your new refrigerator.
2. Hey, than ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ks for letting me use the bathroom when I was working in your yard last week. While I was in your home, I unlatched(拔下插销) the back window to make my return a little easier.
3. To you, leaving th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at window open just a crack during the day is a way to let in a little fresh air. To me, it’s an invitation which I am more than happy to accept.
4. If it snows ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )while you’re out of town, get a neighbor to create car and foot tracks into the house, or it will be a dead giveaway. By the way, loud dogs and nosy neighbors are the two things I hate most.
5. It’s raining, yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u’re fumbling with your umbrella, and you forget to lock your door---understandable. But understand this: I don’t take a day off because of bad weather.
6. Do you re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ally think I won’t look in your sock drawer I always check dresser drawers, the bedside table, and the medicine cabinet(柜子). Here’s a helpful hint: I almost never go into kids’ rooms.
7. You’re rig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht: I won’t have enough time to break into that safe where you keep your valuables. But if it’s not fastened, I’ll take it with me.
8. Avoid announ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cing your vacation on your page. It’s easier than you think to look up your address.
35. Money and valuables might be the safest if kept in your______.
A. kids’ room B. sock drawer
C. medicine cabinet D. safe
36. The underlin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed words “a dead giveaway” here may probably be something that______.
A. throws away useless things at home
B. warns a burglar that someone is dead
C. tells a burglar the truth
D. frightens a burglar away
37. We can draw a conclusion from the text that______.
A. burglars seldom steal in bad weather
B. if you do housework yourself, you’ll stay away from burglars
C. you yourself are sometimes to blame for a theft
D. you can always count on your neighbors when you are out
38. The main purpose of the article is to _____.
A. summarize when burglars steal most frequently
B. encourage people to spend money on home security systems
C. explain why burglars take up stealing
D. teach people how to protect their homes
【参考答案】35-38: ACCD
阅读理解-
British author JK Ro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wling was at the release of her latest Harry Potter book called “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows” at the Natural History Museum in London, Friday July 20, 2007.
J.K. Rowling has b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een spotted at cafes in Scotland working on a detective novel, a British newspaper reported Saturday.
The Sunday Tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es newspaper quoted Ian Rankin, a fellow author and neighbor of Rowling's, as saying the creator of the "Harry Potter" books is turning to crime fiction.
"My wife spotted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her writing her Edinburgh criminal detective novel," the newspaper quoted Rankin as telling a reporter at an Edinburgh literary festival.
"It is great that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) she has not abandoned writing or Edinburgh cafes," said Rankin, who is known for his own police novels set in the historic Scottish city.
Rowling famously wro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te initial drafts of the Potter story in the Scottish city's cafes. Back then, she was a struggling single mother who wrote in cafes to save on the heating bill at home.
Now she's Britain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'s richest woman - worth $1 billion, according to Forbes magazine - and her seven Potter books have sold more than 335 million copies worldwide.
In an interview with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The Associated Press last month, Rowling said she believed she was unlikely to repeat the success of the Potter series, but confirmed she had plans to work on new books.
"I'll do exactly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) what I did with Harry - I'll write what I really want to write," Rowling said.
11 What is JK Rowling famous for
A. detective novels B. crime fiction C. Harry Potter books D. love stories
12 Which of the following is Not rue about Ian Rankin
A. He is a writer famous for police novels.
B. Most of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) stories in his novels happened in the historic Scottish city.
C. It was Rank ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in himself who witnessed JK Rowing writing her Edinburgh criminal detective novels.
D. He told the B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ritish newspaper The Sunday Times about JK Rowling’s novels.
13 Why did Rowling lik ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to write the “Harry Potter stories” in the cafes
A. Because she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was a romantic woman and the atmosphere in the cafes gave her lots of inspiration.
B. Because s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he was a single mother at that time and she wanted to find a husband there.
C. Because h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er children were so naughty at home and she had to go to a quiet place for her writing.
D. Because she thought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that writing in a cafes could help her save some money.
14 What can we learn from the passage
A. The seven Harry Potter series made JK Rowling a success.
B. JK Rowling had made enough money so she decided to stop writing.
C. Rowling pla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nned to write new books because Harry Potter was not exactly what she wanted.
D. Ian Ranki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n and his wife earned money by telling reporters news about JK Rowling.
15 What is the best title for the passage
A. Harry Potter and JK Rowing B. Ian Rankin, A Neighbour of JK Rowling
C. A Successful Woman JK Rowling D. JK Rowling writing Detective Novels
[全解全析] 本文介绍了《哈利·波特》的作者JK Rowling被邻居发现改行写侦探小说的消息。
11. C 细节理解题。她的成名作就是《哈利·波特》系列。
12. C 细节理解题。由第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )五段中的“said Rankin, who is known for his own police novels set in the historic Scottish city.”可知A，B是正确的；第三段中报刊引用了Rankin的话来说明JK Rowling的新动向，所以D是正确的；第四段中可知是Rankin的妻子发现JK Rowling在写犯罪小说，而不是Rankin亲自发现的，所以C不正确。
13. D 细节理解题。 由第六段中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的“Back then, she was a struggling single mother who wrote in cafes to save on the heating bill at home.”可知。
14. A 细节理解题。 由最后两段可知选项A正确，B和C不正确，文中没提及D。
15. D 主旨大意题。本文重点在说JK Rowling想写侦探小说的事，所以D最合适。【由江西省吉安一中2014模拟改编】
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
What would it be like ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to take a walk on the surface of Mars If you could design the tallest building in the world, what would it look like Do you dream of being the next J.K.Rowling This summer, you can experience all of these things, and more. All you need is an Internet connection and your imagination.
A recent stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dy by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that kids spend an average of 1 hour and 29 minutes online each day. Many kids like to use that time to chat with friends, play games or check e-mails. But next time you get on the Web, try exploring the world instead. “With the Internet, you can go back 11,000 years in time, or go 11,000 kilometers across the planet,” said Russell, Web search expert of Google. “The whole scope of history and the world is open to you.”
There is a wealth o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f information to be found online. For example, if your family is going on vacation somewhere, do a quick online search on the area before you even get in the car. “What’s the background of the place; what’s the history ” says Russell. “I like to tell my kids, ‘Whenever you have a question, whenever you have a doubt, search it out.’”
Ready to launc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h a virtual journey of your own Here are a few starting points to get you thinking and to help you on your way. You can invite your parents along for the ride, too. Always ask for permission before downloading programs and software into your computer. And, check with a parent or adult before visiting any new website.
Navigate the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )world in 3-D with Google Earth. Begin in outer space and zoom into the streets of any city, from Hong Kong to San Francisco. Or, visit ancient monuments and watch the changing rainforests over time. With the moon in Google Earth tool, you can walk in Neil Armstrong’s famous footsteps. Take a guided tour of the moon’s surface with Armstrong’s fellow shuttle mate astronaut Buzz Aldrin.
1. According to Russell, the kids _________.
A. spend too much time on the Internet
B. should never chat and play games online
C. can solve their problems through the Internet
D. should study hard instead of chatting online
2. From the passage we know that _________.
A. we can find much information we need online
B. Neil Armstrong traveled to the moon alone
C. the kids can download programs onto the computer freely
D. the kids can v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isit the new website freely without parents’ guidance
3. According to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e passage, if you want to go to Tropical Rainforests, you can _________.
A. take the tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e shuttle B. go to the cinema to watch 3-D films
C. find a travel agency in Google D. use Google Earth
4. The passage is mainly intended for _________.
A. parents B. kids C. teachers D. adults
5. In which section of a website can we probably read this passage
A. Culture. B. Health. C. Internet World. D. Tourism.
【参考答案】1—5、CADBC
【2014高考英语湖北省武昌区调研试题】A
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选叭A、B、c和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
At a recent vis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it to the beautiful Keukenhof flower gardens in Holland, I learned about the practice of topping．As flowers grow, sometimes the growers cut off the tops of the flowers, which they believe causes the plants to invest more energy into flower growth and less into seed production．The expected result is flower buds that will produce higher quality flowers．
This is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) same with personal growth．Sometimes when we produce first results in a certain area, it can be helpful to cut them off and throw them away．This can free up energy for a stronger attempt elsewhere instead of settling into the comfort zone of satisfaction with the old results．
After running my c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omputer games business for 10 years and generating satisfying results with it, I decided to drop it and leave that field behind．This freed up my energy to focus on my personal development writing and speaking． If I'd kept running the old business, this would have meant less energy to invest in my new path．
It can be diff ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icult to choose the topping approach because you're taking something that's already reasonably satisfying and cutting it out of your life, in the hopes that something even better will grow in its place．
Do you want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to settle where you are right now If so, then topping is unnecessary． But if you'd like to do better and believe you have a good shot at improvement, just like the flower growers at Keukenhof, then topping is a sensible practice．To free up time and energy for future growth in new directions, you have to drop the merely satisfactory．This gives you a shot at the truly beautiful．
Stepping ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) outside of your comfort zone is by definition an uncomfortable experience, but it can yield a lot more growth than staying put．Though dropping satisfaction to go for more growth is not an easy path to follow, I do find it to be the more beautiful path．
51．By using metap ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hor, the author means that the tops of flowers are ____．
A．personal growth
B．his writing and speaking
C．a stronger attempt elsewhere
D．the first results we produce in a certain area
52．If you believe that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you "have a good shot at improvement", you believe that
A．you have a strong ability to improve
B．you have a good chance to improve
C．you are good at improving
D．you are fond of improving
53．The author calls on the readers through the passage to ____．
A．settle where they are
B．drop the truly beautiful
C．step out of their comfort zone
D．get rid of the uncomfortable experience
54．The best title of the passage should be ____．
A．Comfort or Growth B．Personal Development
C．The Topping Ap ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )proach D．Flower Gardens in Holland
【参考答案】51-54 DBCA
Passage Eight ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(The Development of Cities)
Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.
Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.
1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned
[A] Types of mass transportation.
Instability of urban life.
[C] How supply and demand determine land use.
[D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.
2.Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago
[A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.
To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.
[C] To show mass transportation changed many cities.
[D] To contrast their rate of growth.
3.According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion
[A] It was expensive.
It happened too slowly.
[C] It was unplanned.
[D] It created a demand for public transportation.
4.The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,
[A] that is large.
that is used as a model for land development.
[C] where the development of land exceeded population growth.
[D] with an excellent mass transportation system.
Vocabulary
1.revise 改变
2.fabric 结构
3.catalyze 催化，加速
4.sort out 把……分门别类，拣选
5.omnibus 公共汽车/马车
6.trolley （美）有轨电车，（英）无轨电车
7.periphery 周围，边缘
8.sprawl 建筑物无计划延伸，蔓延，四面八方散开
9.lot 小片土地
10.underscore 强调，在下面划横线
11.transit lines 运输线路
12.subdivision （出售的）小块土地，再划分小区
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述了“公共交通从三方面改变了城市的社会和经济结构。”采用分类写法。文章一开始就提出三方面：第一，促进城市实质性的扩展；第二，把人和土地分民别类加以利用；第三，加速了城市生活的不稳定性。然后就是三方面的具体内容。
答案详解
1.D 公共交通运输对城市扩展的影响。文章开门见山提出这一点“公共交通运输从三个根本方面改变了美国城市的社会和经济结构。”后面文章内容就是三方面的具体化。
A. 公共交通运输类型。 B. 城市生活的不稳定性。 C. 供需如何决定土地利用。这三项文中作为具体问题提到，并不是文章涉及的主要题目。
2.C 说明公共交通改变了许多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“举例说，1850年，波士顿市界离老的商业地区几乎不到2英里，到了这世纪末，其半径扩至10英里。现在供得起的人们可以住得很远，远离老的城市中心，仍然来回去那里上班、购物和娱乐”。第七句，“举例说，在1890至1920年期间，据记载，芝加哥市界内有约250，000个新的住宅楼区大多数设在郊区。经过同样这段时期，市区外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地区内，又计划建造了550，000个住宅楼区。”
A. 表示成长的正反两方面效果。B. 举有无公共交通运输的城市为例。 D. 对比两者成长率；都不是本文中举两城市例子的目的。
3.C 没有计划。见第二段第三句起“城市扩展蔓延根本无计划，好几千个小的投资商进行扩展，毫不考虑相互协调配合利用土地，也不考虑未来土地利用。”
A. 太贵 和 B.太慢，两个选项，文内没有提。D. 它创造了对公共交通运输的需求。这不是住宅扩展的一个缺点，而是三个根本改变城市的一个方面。见第一段第三句：“通过大量开发未占土地扩建住宅，公共汽车、马车、铁路、来回火车，有轨电车把已有人定居的居住区向外扩展了三四倍，比他们先现代时期的市中心更远。”
4.C（第二段中以芝加哥城市例子说明）土地开发超过人口增长速度。答案详见第二段“这些购买和置备土地建设住宅，特别是购置临近城市或就在市界外的土地，抢在交通线路和中产阶层的居民进去之前。他们这样做的目的是创造一种需求，也是响应这种需求。芝加哥就是这种过程的典型例子。那里的房地产小块土地比人口增长快得很多很多。”
A. 城市大。B. 用作土地开发的样板。 D. 具有优越的公共的交通系统。【由内蒙古包头市201模拟改编】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Hello. I’m Jan f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rom Mrs.Lake’s class. My class wants to work together to help the public. We think we have found a great way to do this. Last month we did a class project on the highways near our town. We learned about the Adopt-a-Highway Program. This program brings people together to pick up litter along the roads. We think it would be a great idea for all students in our school to join the program and adopt a highway.
Adopting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a highway is not like adopting a pet. When a highway is adopted，only part of the highway is cared for by a group of people. The group agrees to work every week to keep its part of the highway clean.Each group gets its own sign that has the name of the group printed on it. The sign is put up at the side of the road. This sign lets drivers know who is keeping that area of the road clean.
The Adopt - a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-Highway Program is a great way for people to help their environment look nicer. Also,the governwent does not have to send out as many road workers. This saves money. Finally, people may try harder to keep roads clean if they see people，especially teenagers like us， cleaning them up.
We will ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed helpers to care for our adopted highway. If you want to feel great and keep our roads clean，please come with your parents to the meeting next week. We will meet in Mrs. Lake’ room on Wednesday at 6:00 P.M. At the meeting, we will talk about which roads are the dirtiest as a result of people's unkind acts. Then we' Il try to pick an area to adopt and clean ap.
I look forward t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o seeing you at the meeting. Remember to keep our roads clean!
1.What is the Adopt-a-Highway Program about
A. Giving names to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the highways. B. Drawing pictures of highways.
C. Picking ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up litter along the roads. D. Putting up signs near the roads.
2. What should the stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents do first if they want to join the program
A. Pick a spot to care for.
B. Call Mrs.Lake next week.
C. Write a letter to their parents.
D. Go to a meeting on Wednesday.
3.What is the purpose of this speech
A. To encourage students to join the program.
B. To introduce the traffic system.
C. To show drivers how to drive safely.
D. To tell a story about adopting a pet.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. Adopt – a-Pet B. Adopt-a-Highway
C. Ways to Protect the Environment D. Volunteers on Roads
【参考答案】1—4、CDAB
【2014高考英语湖北省武昌区调研试题】B
"I will never ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )many," the future Elizabeth I declared at the age of eight, age of eight, and, to the terror of her people, the Great Queen kept her word．
For four centuries, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) historians have guessed why Elizabeth never married．In her own day, her decision to remain single was considered absurd and dangerous．A queen needed a husband to make political decisions for her and to organise and lead her military camp4gns．More important, she needed male heirs to avoid a civil war after her death．
There was no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) shortage of suitors for the Queen, both English courtiers （朝臣） and foreign princes, and it was confidently expected for the best part of 30 years that Elizabeth would eventually marry one of them．Indeed, although she insisted that she preferred the single state, she kept these suitors in a state of permanent expectation．This was a deliberate policy on the Queen's part, since by keeping foreign princes in hope, sometimes for a decade, she kept them friendly when they might otherwise have made war on her kingdom．
There wer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, indeed, good political reasons for her avoiding marriage．The disastrous union of her sister Mary I to Philip II of Spain had had an unwelcome foreign influence upon English politics．The English were generally pr0udiced against the Queen taking a foreign husband, particularly a Catholic one．Yet if she married an English, jealousy might lead to the separation of the court．
There were othe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r, deeper reasons for Elizabeth's unwillingness to marry, chief of which, I believe, was her fear of losing her autonomy as Queen． In the 16th century, a queen was regarded as holding supreme dominion（统治权）over the state, while a husband was thought to hold supreme dominion over his wife．Elizabeth knew that marriage and motherhood would bring some harm to her power．
She once p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ointed out that marriage seemed too uncertain a state for her． She had seen several unions in her immediate family break down, including that of her own parents．
Some writers, bas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed on very fragile evidence, have argued that Elizabeth was frightened or incapable of the sex act, but it is more likely that she feared childbirth． Two of her stepmothers, her grandmother and several acquaintances had died in childbed．
Elizabeth︿ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) father． Henry VIII, had had her mother, Anne Boleyn, killed; her stepmother Catherine Howard later suffered the same fate． When Elizabeth was 14 she was all but attracted by Admiral Thomas Seymour, who also went to the prison within a year． Witnessing these terrible events at an early age, it has been argued, may have put Elizabeth off marriage．
Elizabeth h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad to decide her priorities． Marriage or being single Elizabeth was far too intelligent．The choice she made was courageous and revolutionary, and, in the long run, the right one for England．
55．To the suitors ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )including English courtiers and foreign princes，Elizabeth .
A．held back the truth
B．gave a definite answer "no"
C．kept them expecting deliberately
D．said she preferred the single state
56．If Elizabeth h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad married a foreign prince, there might have been .
A．prejudice against her
B．separation of the court
C．jealousy among English courtiers
D．a negative impact on English politics
57．Which of the follo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wing implications is right according to the passage
A．Queen Elizabeth was not a Catholic．
B．Some foreign princes made war on Britain．
C．Catherine Howard was killed by Anne Boleyn．
D．Admiral Thomas Seymour was killed by Henry VIII．
58．What is the at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )titude of the author towards Queen Elizabeth never marrying in her life
A． Pitiful． B． Approving． C． Negative． D． Neutral．
【参考答案】55-58 CDAB
阅读理解课堂练学案（4）
Passage Nine(Holmes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’ Knowledge)
His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system.
“You appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man’s brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.”
“But the Solar System! ” I protested.
“What the deuce is it to me ” he interrupted impatiently.
One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.
Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man’s inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.
“From a drop of water, ”said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ”
This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.
1.What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes
[A]Praising.
Critical.
[C]Ironical.
[D]Distaste.
2.What way did the author take to stick out Holmes’ uniqueness
[A]By deduction.
By explanation.
[C]By contrast.
[D]By analysis.
3.What was the Holmes’ idea about knowledge-learning
[A]Learning what every body learned.
Learning what was useful to you.
[C]Learning whatever you came across.
[D]Learning what was different to you.
4.What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about
[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.
One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.
[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.
[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.
Vocabulary
1.Thomas Carlyle 托马斯 卡莱尔 1795-1881美国作家、历史家、哲学家
2.jumble (up) 搞乱，使混乱
3.lay hand on (upon) sth. 抓住，找到
4.at best 最好的情况下
5.elbow out (off) 用胳膊肘挤出，推出
6.deuce = devil what the deuce is it to me
这里表示福尔摩斯的厌恶心理。
义：这倒霉的词儿与我有什么关系？
7.while away the time 消磨/打发时间
8.shrewdness 机敏，敏锐，犀利
9.far-fetched 牵强附会，不自然
10.fathom 看穿/透，推测，探索
11.infallible 一贯正确
12.uninitiated 对某事无知的
13.Euclid 欧几里德（古希腊数学家）
14.necromancer 巫师
难句译注
1.A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it.
【结构简析】主从句结构，主句A fool … 后跟lumber的定从that he comes across。从句so that 中有一knowledge的定从which; or链接前后两个分词crowded out 与jumbled up;但第一个so that 从句又是后面so that 的主句。
【参考译文】蠢人把他碰到的每种木材（制家具）都拿进来。这样，可能对他有用的知识都被挤出去；最好的情况下，也是和其他种种事情混在一起，所以他就很难抓住知识。
2.Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way.
【结构简析】并列句，连词and后的句中有宾从how much…。
【参考译文】这片文章稍有炫耀的标题是“生命之书”。它想证明一个善于观察的人通过对他经历到的一切事情都进行真正地系统地考察可以学到多少东西。
3.So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.
【结构简析】复合主从句，so that句型。So句是倒装。正常句型应为：His results would appear so startling to the uninitiated that…，that句中又是主从句，从句用until连接，中插by which定语从句修饰 the processes。
【参考译文】他的结论对无知的人来说是那么惊人，所以他们很可能认为他是个巫师，除非他们学会了他用以得出结论的过程。
4.Like all other arts, the Science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it.
【结构简析】并列句，nor连接。前一句中有定语从句which修饰one，后一句nor为否定词。
【参考译文】像所有的其他艺术一样，演绎分析科学是一种通过长期默默的研究，可以习得的学问，而我们的生命并不长得足以使任何凡人都能在这一领域取得可能是臻美的成就。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇“传记”，作者采用以反衬正的对比手法写出了福尔摩斯之惊人才华。第一句话开明宗旨“他的无知和他的有知一样卓越惊人”，接着就是种种无知，达到突出其有知的成就。两方面表达，一是福尔摩斯对无知的解释：不能照单全收；二是作者的反对见解衬托福之才华超人，能一滴水见大海。
答案详解
1.A 赞扬。作者以无知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反对批评观点来证明人物的正确。否定及所谓机刺旨在铺垫。正反对比赞扬福之精明强悍，才智超人，洞察力强。
2.C 作者采用对比手法。
3.B 学习对你有用之物。第二段福之表白，他把头脑比作一个小小的空屋，不能随意选择家具（知识）塞满空间，应选择“有用之才”，免得填满了废物，把有用之才挤出去。
4.C 通过观察和分析人会变得很敏锐。最后二段都是讲福所写文章的内容。善于观察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本质，一点水能知大西洋。这种一叶知秋的本领是通过长期观察、分析研究而得。也就是说，通过观察分析，人可以变得敏感聪慧，因为万物都有联系。【由江西省吉安一中2014模拟改编】
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Few of us haven’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t read Cinderella, the story of a young woman living in poverty who meets the prince of her dreams. Some might not want to admit it, but there is a hidden Cinderella in everyone’s heart—we all wish we could achieve recognition or success after a period of obscurity (默默无闻).
Mary Santiago has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that secret dream, too. Her story is featured in Another Cinderella Story, a film set in a US high school.
Mary is shy but love ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to pared with other girls, she is invisible. However, her world changes completely when a famous teenager pop singer, Joey Parker, appears.
Joey is ever ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ything the rest of the boys in her class are not—kind, handsome and desirable. Mary and Joey’s paths cross at a ball. They meet and fall in love with each other. But when Mary has to rush back home, she leaves behind her MP3 player, which becomes the only clue Joey has to find the girl of his dreams. Of course, there is a wicked stepmother, who turns out to be Dominique Blatt and she takes in Mary after her dancer mother dies. Dominique treats Mary like a maid and does everything she can to make sure Mary doesn’t get into the top dance school. Her two daughters are equally determined to stop Joey falling for Mary, even if that means embarrassing her.
The story, th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ough it mostly follows Cinderella, does add a few modern day twists to the classic fairy tale. Refreshingly, the film, unlike many high school films, does not focus on looks, although the actors are all beautiful. There is also a lot less materialism in Another Cinderella Story than in many similar movies.
“The movie ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kes the Cinderella fairytale as its jumping off point,” writes movie critic Amber Wilkinson. “Yet the focus is firmly on following your dream.”
1. The first paragraph is mainly to _________.
A. inform us of the importance to marry a prince
B. remind us why Cinderella is popular all the years
C. build interest and lead us to Mary’s secret dream
D. tell us how interesting the fairy tale Cinderella is
2. In the movie, Mary Santiago is the main character who _________.
A. is badly treate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d by the stepmother B. is brave in expressing her love
C. has a dream of m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eeting a prince D. is embarrassed by the pop singer
3. What can we infer from the passage
A. Joey is just like other boys in Mary’s class.
B. The MP3 player helps Joey in finding Mary.
C. Not many people have a dream to be realized.
D. Mary’s mother influences her a lot in singing.
4. What does ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )movie critic Amber Wilkinson mean by his words about Another Cinderella Story
A. The movie is exactly another copy of the Cinderella fairytale.
B. The movie is as good as the story Cinderella.
C. The movie and Cinderella both focus on following your dream.
D. The movie is b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ased on the story Cinderella while a little different from it.
5. The passage is mainly about _________.
A. an introduction to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Mary Santiago B. a review about a film
C. an essay abou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t dreams D. an advertisement of Cinderella
【参考答案】1—5、CABDB
【2014高考英语湖北省襄阳市统考试题】B
It is no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) wonder the village is the coldest permanently inhabited （有人居住的）settlement in the world with the average temperature for January standing at -50℃．Known as the 'Pole of Cold', the coldest ever temperature recorded in Oymyakon was -71．2℃．This is the lowest recorded temperature for any permanently inhabited location on Earth and the lowest temperature recorded in the Northern Hemisphere．Surprisingly, Oymyakon actually means 'non-freezing water' due to a nearby hot spring．
Nothing grow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s there so people eat reindeer meat and horse meat． A single shop provides the town's bare necessities and the locals work as reindeer-breeders, hunters and ice-fisherman． Doctors say the reason the locals don't suffer from malnutrition（营养失调）is that their animals' milk contains a lot of micronutrients．
Unsurprising ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly, locals are accustomed to the weather and unlike in other countries-where heavy snow brings everything grinding to a halt, Oymyakon's school only shuts if temperatures fall below -52℃．
There are few m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )odern conveniences in the village-with many buildings still having outdoor toilets-and most people still burn coal and wood for heat．When coal deliveries are irregular, the power station starts burning wood．If the power stops, the town shuts down in about five hours, andthe pipes freeze and crack．
Daily problems th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at come with living in Oymyakon include pen ink freezing, glasses freezing to people's faces and batteries losing power．Locals are said to！cave their cars running all day for fear of not being able to restart them．Even if there was coverage for mobile phone reception, the phones themselves would not work in such cold conditions．
Another problem c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aused by the frozen temperatures is burying dead bodies, which can take
anything up to three ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )days． The earth must first have melted sufficiently in order to dig it, so a bonfire is lit for a couple of hours． Hot coals are then pushed to the side and a hole, several inches deep, is dug． The process is repeated for several days until the hole is deep enough to bury the coffin．
55． What can be implied from the first paragraph？
A． The village is the coldest place in the world．
B． No residents live permanently in the village．
C． Villagers there have to live with severe cold．
D． The average temperature stands at -50℃ all year round．
56． What does th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e underlined phrase "grinding to a halt" probably mean in this passage？
A． stopping ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B． growing C． continuing D． failing
57． Which of the following statements about this village is true？
A． Local children don't go to school because of the extreme cold．
B． People ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )there live a hard and simple life with few modem conveniences．
C． The extremely c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )old climate brings about great trouble to the daily life of the villagers．
D． The name of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) this village-Oymyakon suggests that it's extremely cold here．
58． What is the purpose of writing this passage？
A． To attract more people to visit this village．
B． To inform readers of this special village．
C． To help solve problems the villagers are facing．
D． To draw readers' attention to poor people．
【参考答案】55-58：CABB
阅读理解课堂练学案（2）
Passage four ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(preface)
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
1.According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means
[A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists.
people whose knowledge of science is very limited.
[C] the scientific community.
[D] people who make good contribution to science.
2.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because
[A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.
Science affects almost every aspect of our life.
[C] Scientists live in a specific subculture.
[D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.
3.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who
[A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.
are good at producing various gadgets.
[C] work in a storehouse of dried facts.
[D] want to have a superficial understanding of science.
4.According to this passage,
[A] English is a sexist language.
only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.
[C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.
[D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.
5.This passage most probably is
[A] a book review.
the preface of a book.
[C] the postscript of a book.
[D] the concluding part of a book.
Vocabulary
subculture 亚文化群（指在一个社会或一种文化内具有独特性的一群人）
superficial 肤浅的，浅薄的，表面的
lay person 外行，门外汉，俗人
musty 发毒的，老朽的，陈腐的
gadget 小玩意儿，小配件，新发明
pervasive 渗透的，弥漫的，遍布的
populate 居住于……中，在……中占一席之地
implicit 含蓄的，内含的
unspecified 未特别提出的
offset 抵消，补偿
难句译注
An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
【参考译文】如果一个人知道那些使科学家激动不已和灰心丧气的东西，那就比较容易了解科学的一般（普遍）特征以及特殊科学概念。
We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitude and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are and what they do.
【参考译文】我们希望这本书能引导读者对科学观念有一个更为广阔的透视；对什么是科学、科学家是些什么人以及他们在干什么有一个更为现实的观点。
In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
【参考译文】另外，读者可学会正确评价科学观点与我们文化中无处不在的某些价值观和哲学思想之间的关系。
This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions.
【参考译文】科学亚文化群中妇女作用越来越大。这不是难得一见的意外事件，而是，确切地说，在社会各部门显著潮流的一部分由于越来越多妇女进入了传统上为男子统治的领域并作出了重大的贡献。
This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of human race equally.
【参考译文】这一策略并不理想，但它至少承认了一个事实，那就是在平等对待人类另一半上，我们的语言功能还不全。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇书的序言，作者用夹叙夹议的写作方法介绍了书的涉及面及其功能。
首先提出科学是我们文化的重大主题，但人们也该了解科学家生活的亚文化群，只有懂得一些激励和挫伤科学家的种种情况，才能理解科学的一般特征及其特殊概念。
第二方面指出书的读者对象是对科学一知半解的学生及门外汉。书可作理工科课程的辅助（补充）读物，又可独立自成体系。它可开阔人们科学的视野，真正了解科学、科学家及其工作，理解科学和文化的关系，科学观点和哲学的关系。
第三方面指出亚文化群中妇女增多，贡献巨大，而我们的语言却隐含这性别的歧视，难以充分平等地反映妇女。
最后指出书信息量大又具娱乐性，寓教于乐。
答案详解
1.C 科学社区。答案在第一段第二句，人们也该了解科学家生活在其中的亚文化群以及他们是什么样的人。第三段又讲到，有关科学社区的画面以及妇女对科学亚文化的贡献。可见科学社区即亚文化。
A. 科学家所组成种种文化群体。 B. 科学知识有限的一些人。 C. 对科学作出很大贡献的人。
2.B 因为科学几乎影响到我们生活的各个方面。文章开综明旨点出：科学是我们文化中的重要主题，由于它几乎涉及到我们生活的每一方面，有知识的人至少需要熟悉一些结构和作用。
3.A. 了解激发和挫伤科学家的事情可不太容易。（比较难） C. 科学家生活在特定的亚文化群中。D. 了解科学的一般特性比较容易。
A 不太了解科学的大学生或门外汉。第二段首句就点出了这本书为对科学一知半解的大学生和门外汉所写，为某些人，一直把科学看作干巴巴的事实堆砌的发霉的石屋的人；为那种把科学的主要目的视为生产小配件的人；为那些把科学视为某种魔术的人而写。这说明主要为A项人所写，对科学了解不多的大学生和普通人。
B. 善于生产各种小配件。 C. 在干巴巴的事实堆砌的石屋中工作。 D. 相对科学有肤浅了解的人。
4.D 不应当用阳性的名词和代词去指科学家。第三段集中讲了这本书提供精确而又现代的有关科学社区（社会）和居住在其中的人的画卷。近年来，越来越多的妇女包括进来，原因是许多妇女进入传统上为男人统治的领域，并作出巨大贡献，所以妇女在科学亚文化群中的增多并不是罕见的偶然事件，而是社会各部门明显趋势的组成部分。在讨论其变化和贡献时，我们面临着隐含性别歧视的语言――用阳性名词和代词来指未指定人物，为了消除这种偏颇，我们在可能和必要时采用了复数名词和代词来取代他或她。
A. 英语是一种性别语言。 B. 只有在科学领域中，妇女的作用增长很快。 C. 妇女在晓民我们语言中的不适当性作出了巨大的贡献。根据此题注释说明这三项都不对。英语不能说成是有性别的语言，其中虽有些词性表示男性或女性。文内明确指科学界妇女增多是整个社会的趋势的组成部分。由于妇女在科学界的贡献，所以不能再用阳性名词或代词去指科学界，并不是在消灭语言……
5.B 书的前言，见文章大意。
A. 书的评论。 C. 书跋、书的附录。 D. 书的结论部分。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Good morning. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) The program today is about music.The word “music” comes from the Greek word “muse”. The Muses are the goddesses of the arts. Music is only one of the arts. It is like the spoken language, but it uses sounds. Today’s program brings together music from different corners of the world.Who invented music Who sang the first song No one knows exactly the answers to these questions. But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyone’s life. Babies and young children love to hear people singing to them. When they are a little older, they like to sing the songs they have heard.When children go to school, their world of music grows. In the middle grades students take music lessons. When they reach high school, they become more and more interested in listening to pop music.
The records w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e have chosen for you today are from American country music, Indian music, pop music and so on. Music has different meanings for everyone. It can make people happy or it can make them sad.Music is now heard everywhere, in shops and buses and at home. In this program we shall study the language of music.We shall be trying to find out more about how music works. We shall try to find out how music says what people feel. It is worth making the effort. Only then can we say why one piece of music is good and another is bad.
Now, here comes the mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sic today, I shall explain why they are all good music...
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．Some knowledge about music.
B．The origin of music.
C．Something about the announcer.
D．Some questions about music.
2. Which of the following is NOT the purpose of this music program
A．To study the language of music.
B．To learn more about music.
C．To find out how music expresses people’s feelings.
D．To tell us we should listen to music every day.
3. Why should we study music a lot according to the text
A．To tell whether a piece of music is good or not.
B．To learn about the development of music.
C．To have a talent for music.
D．To know more about the society.
4. What does the anno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uncer think about the function of music in our life
A．It is important to almost everyone.
B．It is necessary for the young.
C．It plays a great role when we are children.
D．It decides our future.
[解题导语]　本文主要讨论了一个主要涉及世界各地的音乐的节目，然后对音乐进行了阐述。
1．解析：选A。主旨大意题。第一段主要讨论了这个节目主要涉及世界各地的音乐，然后对音乐进行了阐述。故选A。
2．解析：选D。细节理解题。A、B、C三项在第二段中都提到了，文章未提及D项。故选D。
3．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段的最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一句Only then can we say why one piece of music is good and another is bad.可知。
4．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段的B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut we know that music plays an important part in almost everyone’s life.以及下文的内容可知。
【2014高考英语湖北省荆州市一模试题】A
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Fannie Cratty wasn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t really my aunt. I only referred to her as “My Aunt Fannie” because the name always made my father laugh and gave my mother cause to look angrily at both of us---at me for being disrespectful of my elder and at my father for encouraging my bad behavior.
As a young woma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n, my mother had worked in the kitchen of a large Victorian farmhouse owned by Fannie Cratty. During those years my mother helped Aunt Fannie make the best blueberry jam ever tasted by anyone in Glenfield. Aunt Fannie was well known for her jam and for never sharing the recipe with another living soul. Even though my mother knew the recipe by heart, as long as Aunt Fannie was alive (and she lived to be ninety-six!), she never made the jam without Ms. Cratty in our kitchen to direct the process and preserve the secret.
Each Augus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t, when blueberry season would roll around, my mother would prepare me for Aunt Fannie’s visit. It was vital that I should be on my best behavior. After all, the woman was old, wealthy, very strict with children. Whenever she was at the house, I didn’t need to be reminded to guard my thoughts and watch my tongue.
One year, after I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) had been particularly helpful with the jam process, Aunt Fannie gave me a quarter(25分硬币) and then made me promise that I would never spend it. “Hold onto this quarter,” she said, “and someday you will be rich. I still have my very first quarter, given to me by my grandfather.” It had obviously worked for her. So, I kept the 1938-quarter into a small box, put it in my dresser drawer, and waited to become rich.
I now have the blue ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )berry jam recipe and the quarter from Aunt Fannie. In people’s eye Aunt Fannie’s success was due to that secret recipe. But to me, it was just a common recipe. Neither has significantly contributed to my wealth, but I keep them as reminders to hold onto the valuable things in life. Money can make you feel rich for a while, but it is the relationships and the memories of time spent with friends and family that truly leave you wealthy. And that is a fortune that anyone can build.
51. Paragraph 2 implies that my mother .
A. used to forget the secret blueberry jam recipe
B. wanted to show off her excellent cooking skills
C. was unable to make the jam without Aunt Fannie’s direction
D. tried to convince Aunt Fannie that she would keep the secret
52. According to Pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ragraph 4, the author believed that Aunt Fanni was rich because .
A. she had kept her first quarter
B. she had never wasted money
C. she had worked very hard
D. she had kept her promise
53. The author thinks that we can feel wealthy if we .
A. share our wealth with others
B. have good fortune and money
C. know the secret of a jam recipe
D. own lasting love and friendship
54. Which would be the best title for this passage？
A. An old quarter B. Valuable Things
C. Blueberry Jam Recipe 　　D . Memories of old time
【参考答案】51--54 DADC
阅读理解
The China Daily new ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )spaper group is looking for English-language senior business editors,senior copy editors,copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team.We offer a competitive salary package,free accommodation with utilities paid for,90 per cent medical reimbursement,a seven-day paid leave,eleven day public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence.
Senior Business Editor
You must：
assist the busine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss editor in setting goals and working on achieving them；
be an excellent team ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) person who can generate ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite totally if needed and mentor junior staff；
ideally have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails；
have had at lea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st five years’ editing experience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software.
Senior Copy Editor
You must：
work on shif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print；
edit or rewrite copy and give snappy headlines and captions；
have had at least two ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )years’ editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software.
Copy Editor
You must：
be good at editi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng or rewriting copy and writing snappy headlines and captions；
be able to work on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )shifts for different pages,and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print；
have two years o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f editing experience working on copy desks,and be familiar with industry software.
Graphic Designer
You must：
have excellent skills in information graphics；
be good at illustrations and freehand drawings；
be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts；
have a good sense of typography；
have good news judgment；
be well-versed wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th Macintosh software, including InDesign, Illustrator and Photoshop；
be fluent in English.
For enquiries or to apply,write to job @ chinadaily..
6．What is the purpose of this passage
A．To describe the positions of the China Daily newspaper group.
B．To describe the w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orking conditions of the China Daily newspaper group.
C．To advertise for recruiting some good employees.
D．To tell you how to become part of this group.
7．What is not required about Graphic Designer
A．Be well-versed with Photoshop.
B．Have excellent skills in information graphics.
C．Having a good sense of typography.
D．Writing snappy headlines and captions.
8．How many positions need editing experience
A．2. B．1. C．3. D．4.
9．Which can be the title of the advertisement
A．China Daily：New Employees Wanted
B．China Daily：Newspaper
C．China Daily：An International Team
D．China Daily：The Best Working Condition
10．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Free accommodations are available to the workers.
B．The workers there can enjoy a seven-day leave without pay.
C．The employees have the right to enjoy eleven day public holidays.
D．The senior busin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess editor’s only job is to help the business editor to set goals.
[全解全析]
6．答案　C
解析　推理判断题。纵观全文, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )尤其是文章的第一段可以看出,这是一则广告,其目的就是向社会公开招聘English language senior business editors,senior copy editors,copy
editors and graphic designers 4个岗位上的员工。由此可以判断,答案是C项。
7．答案　D
解析　细节理解题。由Graphic Designer的招聘要求可以看出：Writing snappy headlines
and captions并非Graphic Designer所要求具备的。
8．答案　C
解析　细节理解题。前三个职 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )位的叙述中都提到了对“editing experience”的要求,只有最后一个岗位没有这方面的要求,故C项为正确答案。
9．答案　A
解析　标题判断题。文章第一段已点明了文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的主旨与目的,就是要招聘人员,所以A项所说的“中国日报社招聘员工”最能概括全文的大意,故可排除其他三项。
10．答案　C
解析　细节理解题。由第一段的叙述可以看出,员工可以“享受11天的公共假期”。
其他三项都不符合原文的叙述。故C为正确答案。
阅读理解-----------C
Cyberspace,data super ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )highway,multimedia,for those who have seen the future,and the linking of computers,televisions and telephones will change our lives for ever.Yet for all the talks of a forthcoming technological utopia,little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor.As for all the new high technology,the West concerns itself with the “how”,while the question of “for whom” is put aside once again.
Economists are only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )now realizing the full extent to which the communication revolution has affected the world economy.Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries,and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade and exchange, interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods.The electronic economy made by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets — with a destructive impact on the have-nots.
For them the r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esult is unstable. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures” are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies.
So what are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the options of regaining control？One alternative for developing countries is to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries’ economies.
Communicatio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n technology is generally exported from the US, Europe or Japan；the patents, skills and ability remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, therefore imported products and services must be bought on credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.
11. From the passage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we know that the development of high technology is in the interests of________.
A．the rich countries B．scientific development
C．the local elites D．the world economy
12．It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A．international trade should be expanded
B．the interests of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e poor countries have not been given enough consideration
C．the exports of the poor countries should be increased
D．communication ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )technology in developing countries should be modernized
13．Why does the autho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries
A．Because it enables ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the developed countries to control the international market.
B．Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.
C．Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.
D．Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.
14．The development ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of modern communication technology in developing countries may________.
A．hinder their industrial production
B．cause them to lose control of their trade
C．force them to reduce their share of exports
D．cost them their economic independence
15．The author’s attit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ude towards the communication revolution is________.
A．positive B．critical
C．indifferent D．tolerant
[全解全析]
11. 答案　A
解析　考查推理判断。文章第一段最后一句指出,西方国家关心的是自己“如何”利用
这些新技术,而这些新技术“为谁 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”的问题再一次被抛到了一边；第二段最后一句则说,电子经济让拥有这项技术的国家加强了对全球市场的控制,而对没有这一技术的国家产生了破坏性的影响。因此可以推断出这些技术代表的是西方发达国家的利益。
12．答案　B
解析　考查推理判断。文章第一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二句指出“...little attention has been given to...the poor”,即很少有人注意这些发展对穷人的意义。而由后文的论述可以看出这里的“穷人”指的就是发展中国家,因此这句话的意思实际上就是这些发展并没有顾及发展中国家的利益。
13．答案　A
解析　考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“...allows the haves to increase their control
on global markets...”以及后文的论述可以看出,这里的“the haves”指的就是西方发达
国家,因此答案为A项。
14．答案　D
解析　考查细节理解。文章第四段最后一句说“Yet this leads to long-term dependency...
economies (然而这会导致长期的依赖,也许会对发展中国家的经济产生永久性的制
约)”,也就是说会使发展中国家失去经济独立。
15．答案　B
解析　考查作者态度。本题较为简单,通过文中措辞,如第一段“little attention has...for
the poor”；第二段“Economis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts are only now realizing...”；第三段“For them the result is
unstable.”等不难看出作者 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对这种代表着发达国家利益、不顾及发展中国家利益的通讯革命是持批评态度的,故选B；误选C项和D项是由于不理解词义所造成的。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
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1. This advertisement aims at calling on people to ________.
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A. The way how you will get your degree.
B. Tuition price.
C. The hot fields you will be preparing yourself for.
D. The length of time it will take you to get a degree.
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B. To show that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the training program is fully supported by famous companies in the U. S.
C. To prove the value of their training in every area. 　
D. To show the import ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ance of getting recognized by the most famous companies.
4. It seems ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the writer that the greatest attraction for people to take their training is______.
A. its convenience
B. the degree’s nation-wide recognition
C. the economic benefit(利益) it will bring about
D. the hot fields the training will help people to enter
5. How many ways a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re mentioned in the ad for people to get in touch with the Harcourt Learning Direct
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文章是一则业余培训班的招生广告。
1. C。推理判断题。根据 With H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arcourt, you study at home, in your spare time so you don’t have to give up your present job while you train for a better one(你可以在家，业余时间接受培训…)可知答案选C。
2. B。事实细节题。文章中提到…in the low tuition price you pay，但没说具体多少学费，故答案选B。
3. C。推理判断题。从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Your education is nationally recognized 和If companies like these recognize the value of our training, you can be sure that employees in your area will, too!可知答案C正确。
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【2014高考英语四川省成都市一模试题】 D
By far the most comm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle along , doing a bit of this subject or that, as the mood takes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.
Few students work to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a set timetable. They say that if they did work out a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it, or would have to change it frequently, since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be.
No doubt some s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tudents take much more kindly to a regular routine than others. There are many who shy away from a self-controlled weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a fixed program of work. Many able students state that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it attentively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be admitted that we do not fully understand the motivation to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become used to a work routine, and the majority of really productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important areas of their work. The “ tough-minded ” school of workers doesn’t fully accept the idea that good work can only be done naturally, under the influence of inspiration.
Those who believe t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of “ freedom ”. Freedom from control and discipline leads to unhappiness rather than to “ self-expression ” or “ personality development ”. Our society insists on regular habits, timekeeping and punctuality ( being on time ), and whether we like it or not, if we mean to make our way in society, we have to meet its demands.
43 The most wide ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )spread problem in applying oneself to study is __________ .
A. changing from one subject to another
B. the failure to keep to a set timetable of work
C. the unwillingness to work out a systematic plan
D. working on a subject only when one feels like it
44. Which of the following is TRUE
A. Many stude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts are not interested in using a self-controlled timetable .
B. Many students don ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t like being told to study to a fixed timetable .
C. Most people over 25 years of age don’t work to a set timetable .
D. Tough-minded people agree that good work is done naturally .
45. The underlined part “ as the fit takes them ” means __________ .
A. when they have the energy B. when they are in the mood
C. when they feel fit D. when they find conditions suitable
46. A suitable title for the passage might be __________ .
A. Attitudes to Study B. A Study Plan
C. The Difficulties of Studying D. Study and Self-discipline
【参考答案】43-46: BABD
阅读理解课堂练学案（1）
Passage one（The onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y way to travel is on foot）
The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘ Palaeolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’. Histories of the time will go something like this: ‘in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. ’
The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world – or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: ‘I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see I saw the sea.’ The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there. ’ You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ‘I’ve been there’ – meaning, ‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ’
When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers.
1、Anthorpologists label nowaday’s men ‘Legless’ because
A people forget how to use his legs.
B people prefer cars, buses and trains.
C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.
D there are a lot of transportation devices.
2、Travelling at high speed means
A people’s focus on the future.
B a pleasure.
C satisfying drivers’ great thrill.
D a necessity of life.
3、Why does the author say ‘we are deprived of the use of our eyes’
A People won’t use their eyes.
B In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless.
C People can’t see anything on his way of travel.
D People want to sleep during travelling.
4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage
A Legs become weaker.
B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.
C There is no need to use eyes.
D The best way to travel is on foot.
5. What does ‘a bird’s-eye view’ mean
A See view with bird’s eyes.
B A bird looks at a beautiful view.
C It is a general view from a high position looking down.
D A scenic place.
VOCABULARY
Palaeolithic 旧石器时代的
Neolithic 新石器时代的
escalator 自动电梯，自动扶梯
ski-lift 载送滑雪者上坡的装置
mar 损坏，毁坏
blur 模糊不清，朦胧
smear 涂，弄脏，弄模糊（尤指画面、轮廓等）
evocative 引起回忆的，唤起感情的
El Dorado (由当时西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲)黄金国，宝山，富庶之乡
Kabul 喀布尔（阿富汗首都）
Irkutsk 伊尔库茨克（原苏联亚洲城市）
难句译注与答案详解
The only way to travel is on foot 旅游的唯一方法是走路
难句译注
Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world – or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way.
【参考译文】飞机旅行，你只可俯视世界――如果机翼碰巧挡住了你的视线，就看得更少了。
When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the country-side constantly smears the windows.
【参考译文】如果乘车或火车旅行，郊外模糊朦胧的景象不断地掠过窗口。
写作方法与文章大意
文章以因果写作方法，写出了由于种种现代化交通设施、人们不需用脚走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机……，车、机速度飞快，外边的景物难以看清，最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼成为“无脚之人”。一切都经历不到。作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步――经历现实。
答案详解
1.A 人们忘了用脚。答案在第一段：人类学家把以往年代的人们分别标上旧石器时代、新石器时代人，等等。干脆利落地总结了一个时期。当他们转向20世纪，他们肯定会标上“无脚的人”。因为在20世纪，人们忘了如何用脚走路。男人女人早年外出就坐车、公共汽车、火车。大楼里由电梯、自动扶梯，不需要人们走路。即使度假期间，他们也不用脚。他们筑有缆车道、滑雪载车和路直通山顶。所有的风景旅游区都有大型的汽车停车场。
B 人们喜欢汽车、公交车、火车等。 C 电梯、自动扶梯制止人们走路。 D 有许多交通运输工具。
2.A 人们的注意力在未来。见最后一段第一句话：当你高速旅行，现在等于零，你主要生活在未来，因为你大部分时间盯在前面到达的某个地方。真到了，又没有意义了，你还要再向前进。
B 是一种欢乐。 C 满足司机强烈的渴望。第二段中提及死机醉心于开车、不停车但不是快速前进着眼于未来。 D 生活的需要。这一条在第一段中提及这种情况是因为他们那异常的生活方法强加给时代的居民。这是指不用脚走路，而用一切代步器――交通运输工具，不是开快车。
3.C 人们在旅行途中什么都见不到。答案在第二段，由一地转向另一地，路上你什么都没有见到。乘飞机你只能俯视世界，火车，汽车，只见外界朦胧景象掠过窗子。海上旅游，只见到海。“我到过那里”此话含义就是“我以一小时一百英里在去某某地方时经过那里”。正因为如此，作者指出将来的历史书上会记录下：我们被剥夺了眼睛的应用。
A 人们不愿用眼睛。 B 在高速旅行中，眼睛没有用了。 D 旅行中，人们想睡觉。
4.D 旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分别讲述了旅行可不用脚、不用眼等情况。第三段，在讲述了人们只知向前向前，一切经历都停滞，现实不再是现实，还不如死的好。而用脚走路的旅行者总是生活再现实，对他来说旅行和到达是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，他用眼睛、耳朵，以至整个身体去体验现在时刻、旅行终点，他感到全身舒坦愉悦的疲劳，美美享受满足的酣睡；一切真正旅行者的真实报偿。这一段就是作者写文章的目的――走路是旅行的最佳方式。
A 脚变得软弱无力。 B 现代交通工具把世界变小。 C 没有必要用眼睛。
5.C 从高出向下看的景致：俯视。
A 用鸟的眼睛看景点。 B 鸟在看美景。 D 风景点。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Healthy Habits，Healthy Body
Feeling tired lately ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )？Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you？Perhaps he sent you to a hospital，but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
Then，consider this：you might be in a state of subhealth (亚健康)．
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According to the i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nvestigation (调查) by the National Health Organization，over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middle aged or elderly.The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam time.
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The key to preventing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and recovering from subhealth，according to some medical experts，is to form good living habits，alternate work and rest，exercise regularly，and take part in open air activities.
As for meals，people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should eat more fresh vegetables，fruit and fish because they are rich in nutritional (营养的) elements—vitamins and trace elements (微量元素)—that are important to the body.
Nutrition exper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract (消化道)．They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding subhealth.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了亚健康的症状及应对策略。
1．According to this passage，which of the following is right
A．When you are in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a state of subhealth，you should stay at home and keep silent.
B．When you are in a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) state of subhealth，you should go to see a doctor and buy some medicine.
C．When you are in a st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ate of subhealth，you should have yourself examined in foreign countries.
D．When you are in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a state of subhealth，you should find out the reasons and relax yourself.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第六段可知D项为正确选项。
答案：　D
2．Middle aged people may be easy to feel subhealthy because________.
A．they have used up their energy
B．they have lost their living hopes
C．they have more pressure in life and work
D．they begin to get older
解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段内容及常识可推知，中年人易处于亚健康状态是因为对他们而言来自生活和工作的压力较之其他人群更大。故选C。
答案：　C
3．The key to pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eventing you from falling into a state of subhealth is that you should________.
A．work hard B．sleep more
C．form good living habits D．take more medicine
解析：　细节理解题。根据第六 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段“The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth...is to form good living habits...”可知答案为C。
答案：　C
4．As for food，experts suggested that________.
A．we should never eat meat
B．we should have meals with less salt and sugar
C．we should eat less than usual
D．we should have meals without salt and sugar
解析：　细节理解题。根据第七段第一句可知答案选B。
答案：　B
5．The underlined word ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“alternate” in the sixth paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．arrange by turns B．take place
C．keep up D．take up
解析：　词义猜测题。 医学专家建议人们养 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成良好的生活习惯，根据这一建议并结合生活常识可推知alternate表示“轮流，交替”，故A为正确答案。
答案：　A.
【2014高考英语河南省内黄一中一模】B
If it really is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) what’s on the inside that counts, then a lot of thin people might be in trouble.
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“Being thin doesn’t su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rely mean you are not fat,” said Dr Jimmy Bell at Imperial College. Since 1994, Bell and his team have scanned nearly 800 people with MRI machines to create “fat maps” showing where people store fat.
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According to Bell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), people who are fat on the inside are actually on the edge of being fat. They eat too many fatty and sugary foods, but they are not eating enough to be fat. Scientists believe we naturally store fat around the belly first, but at some point, the body may start storing it elsewhere.
Doctors are unsure ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )about the exact dangers of internal fat, but some think it has something to do with heart disease and diabetes(糖尿病). They want to prove that internal fat damages the body’s communication systems.
The good news is that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )internal fat can be easily burned off through exercise or even by improving your diet. “If you want to be healthy, there is no shortcut. Exercise has to be an important part of your lifestyle.” Bell said.
60. What is the passage mainly about
A. Thin people may be fat inside.
B. Internal fat is of no importance.
C. Internal fat leads to many diseases.
D. Thin people don’t have diabetes.
61. According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG
A．Exercise can help to reduce the internal fat.
B．People can get rid of internal fat by improving diet.
C．Men are more likely to have too much internal fat.
D．People with heart disease all have internal fat.
62. From the last paragraph, we can find that ______.
A．internal fat leading to disease has been proved
B．exercise plays an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) important role in people’s life for keeping healthy
C．thin people usually have internal fat even if they are slim
D．it is easier to burn off internal fat than external fat
63. The underlined part in the last paragraph means ______.
A．a long road
B．a clear difference
C．an easy way
D．a short distance
【参考答案】60—63、ADBC
【2014高考英语河南省内黄一中一模】C
Scholarship Application Tips in 2014 for college students
·Before you apply
1. Work hard to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) get good grades. Don’t sweat about one bad grade, but always strive(力求)to do your best.
2. Get involve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d, and stay involved, in extracurricular(课外的)activities. Sports, clubs, drama, bands and orchestras－these often count toward a student’s overall scholarship application evaluation. The same goes for paid (or unpaid) work experience.
3. Begin your scholar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ship research early－by your sophomore(大学二年级)or junior year of high school, if possible. Make special note of application deadlines, as they can vary from late summer to late spring.
4. Apply for as many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) scholarships as you are eligible(符合条件的)for－several smaller scholarships can add up to a lot of money.
·During the application process
1. Read the sup ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )plementary materials that come with scholarship application forms to better understand the program’s focus (community service, subject interest). Try to answer the questions with the focus area in mind.
2. Answer questions as they are asked. Don’t go off the topic.
3. If there is a fina ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ncial component to the application, make sure you get accurate and complete information from all appropriate sources to ensure your eligibility.
4. Take your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )time. Write down everything you can think of for each question, then set the application aside for a day so you can look everything over again before you send it off.
5. Don’t wait unt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )il the last minute to complete your application, especially if you are applying puter systems can get clogged(阻塞的)with the large volume of applicants hoping to submit their qualifications during the last few days and hours before a deadline.
6. If a third p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arty has to complete part of your application, such as providing a letter of recommendation, make sure you ask them early on and remind them as often as necessary to ensure they provide you with the necessary materials.
7. Last but not l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )east, review your application with your parents to make sure you haven’t left out any important details.
Good luck to the students applying for the 2014 scholarship programs!
64. Before you apply for a scholarship, it’s best to .
A．pay more attention to grades than to extracurricular activities
B．focus on only one scholarship application
C．get as much work experience as possible
D．begin your preparation as early as possible
65. When answering que ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stions on the application form, you should .
A．focus on the subject you are interested in
B．answer to the point
C．list your advantages
D．prove your abilities
66. The author suggests that applicants should .
A．submit the application in the few days
B．double-check their application with their parents
C．complete and submit the application in one day
D．avoid submitting the application online
【参考答案】64—66、DBB
【2014高考英语河南省开封市一模】C
On a cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ear night, the sky is a wonderful thing. Is there life out there somewhere Is there another place like Earth where life might exist If so, where is it And how far away is it
Recently, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )American Kepler spacecraft found "22b" , a planet about six hundred light years away. It is the first planet in a " habitable zone" outside the solar system. That means the planet orbits a star like our Sun, but it is not too close to it, nor too far away. Because of this position, scientists say Kepler22b might have water, one of the main things needed for life.
The new ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly-discovered planet is about two and a half times larger than the Earth. It is closer to its star than we are to the Sun, but 22b's sun is smaller than ours, and doesn’t produce as much heat. Scientific instruments show the new planet could be made of gases, rocks or some kinds of liquids.
The Kepler ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )spacecraft was named in honor of Johannes Kepler, the seventeenth century German astronomer. It was designed to examine a small part of the Milky Way galaxy and search for places like the Earth. It was made to inspect over 150,000 stars and measure how bright they are. It looks to see if a star's brightness gets less over a short time.
If a planet pas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ses between Kepler and the star, it blocks out part of the light. That is what suggested to scientists that there is at least one planet orbiting the star. The instruments on Kepler show the new planet as a small, black dot moving across its sun. An important part of the Kepler experiment is on the Earth. After the spacecraft gathers information, scientists use the space telescopes on the ground.
Scientists ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have found over 2,300 new planets since Kepler was launched. About 200 of these are about the size of the Earth. Most are much larger, but it is the new planet's distance from its star that is important. For life to possibly exist there, the planet's temperature must not be too hot or too cold.
63. What can we learn about Kepler-22b
A. Water must have been existed on it.
B. It takes humans about 600 years to get there.
C. It is made of gases, rocks and many kinds of liquids.
D. It is the first planet in outer space where life may survive.
64. The Kepler spacecraft was sent into space to ______.
A. show honor to Johannes Kepler
B. look for Earth-like planets in the sky
C. observe the changes of a star's brightness
D. measure the brightest star among 150,000 stars
65. In Paragraph 5 the author mainly tells us______.
A. how the Kepler system works
B. if the Kepler system sees a new planet
C. how the Kepler system uses the space telescopes
D. why an import ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ant part of the Kepler system remains on the Earth
66. What can we infer from the passage
A. Life may exist on the new planet in another form.
B. It is colder on the new planet because its sun is smaller.
C. Life can't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) exist on planets which are much larger than the Earth.
D. The new pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anet's distance from its star decides on the possibilitv of life existence.
【参考答案】63—66\DBAD
【2014高考英语河南省开封市一模】D
Personal Background
Steve Jobs
Apple Computer
3-year return: 26%
Age: 42
CEO since: 1997
Here's a guy wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h enough knowledge, ability and brainpower to effectively hold down two CEO jobs at once-and do a pretty amazing job at both. We've listed him for his post at Apple, but of course Steve Jobs also runs Pixar, the animation company. Coming in after a $ I billion loss in fiscal 1997 ,Jobs turned a $ 106 million profit-38 percent above Wall Street's consensus target. A lot of credit goes to a very simple idea: Make computers in different colors. Jobs was the only one who thought to make it hap pen. The colorful mid-priced iMac has also succeeded by playing down the compatibility (蒹容性) problem. Apple positioned it as the machine for the Internet, where compatibility questions are no big deal. Behind the scenes, Jobs streamlined the product line ,and also did a whole series of work for improving and selling the production. Mean-while, over at Pixar, A Bug's Life nabbed a total $ 159 million in domestic box office ,the highest domestic animated take since Toy Story and third highest ever. after Toy Story and the leader, The Lion King.
Business ph ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ilosophy: "The technology isn't the hard part. The hard part is: who's going to buy it. How are they going to buy it How do you tell them about it "
How he got the job: The Apple board begged him to return.
Management St ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yle: At Apple, Jobs is a micromanager-some say nanomanager who changes mood suddenly and unexpectedly. Virtually every decision goes by him. At any time, 10,000 employees are wondering. " What would Steve say " not " What is the right thing to do " said a former Apple executive. At Pixar, realizing that he isn't a film visionary, he leaves the experts to their knitting.
Financial ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) reward: His Apple rewards are minimal--a salary of one dollar a year so that his family is eligible for the health plan. But his 69 percent share of Pixar is worth about $ 1. 3 billion.
— selected from a newspaper
67. Accordin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to the passage, the following adjectives can be used to describe Jobs EXCEPT______.
A. creative B. easygoing C. demanding D. distinguished
68. We can learn from the passage that______.
A. Jobs can work well in every field
B. the colorful iMac is accepted for its low price
C. Jobs makes a big difference at Apple as a designer
D. the technology is more important than business idea
69. The underlined ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) word "nabbed" in Paragraph 2 probably means " ______".
A. pulled ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up B. brought in C. went through D. handed over
70. What does the author mainly want to tell us
A. Jobs is the richest man in the world.
B. Jobs is a giant of electronic products.
C. Jobs spends most of his time at Pixar.
D. Jobs can get much money a year as his salary.
【参考答案】67—70\BCBB阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
The first Euro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )peans came to America in 1492 with Christopher Columbus. Since that time people have come to America from all over the world, from Europe, Africa, and Asia, and they have brought their music with them. This mixing of people and music has created American music.
Music is a ver ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y important part of our lives. Music is for dancing, drinking, eating, loving, and thinking. Some songs remind us of our childhood or youth.
Others remind of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )people they love. Many important occasions, like weddings and funerals have special music. Every nation has a national song like the American “The Star Spangled Banner”. In the US high schools and colleges have school songs too.
Music is a pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rt of the history of America. It expresses the problems and feelings of its people. As the years pass, the music grows and changes.
Modern science ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has also changed music. Inventions like records, radios, movies, electric instruments, tape recorders, and videos have changed the way we play and listen to music. They have helped to make music an important form of international communication.
American music ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), from the earliest folk songs to modern “pop”， is known around the world. Music is one of America's most important exports. It brings the people of the world together. Even when people cannot understand the same language, they can share the same music. Many people learn and practise English by singing song. Understanding American music can help you understand American people, their history and culture.
So, as the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ong says, “put a dime (10 cents)in the juke box (自动点唱机), baby. Let's listen to the music！”
1．The article mainly tells us about ________.
A．how American music developed
B．when American music developed
C．what American music is
D．why American music is so popular
答案：A　全文主要讲述了美国音乐的发展历程及现状，故A项最佳。
2．From the text we know that ________.
A．American music has spread all over the world
B．American music began in the 1550s
C．American music is special
D．American music has changed modern science in the US
答案：A　文章倒数第二段第一句“A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )merican music...most important exports.”可知美国音乐已被全世界的人知晓。音乐是美国最重要的出口产品。
3．The sixth paragraph probably means that ________.
A．American music is very popular
B．American music is known to people all over the world
C．American musi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )c can help us understand American people, history and culture
D．American music is important in our lives
答案：C　文章倒数第二段最后一句话“Ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny people learn and... help you understand American people, their history and culture.”可知美国音乐帮助我们了解美国人、美国历史和美国文化。
4．American music is ________.
A．for dancing, drinking, eating, loving and thinking
B．a mixture of people and music from all over the world
C．an important form of international communication
D．a part of the history of the world
答案：B　由文章第一段可知世界各地的人们移民到美国并带去了他们的音乐。这些音乐混合起来构成了美国音乐。
5．Which of the following statements is true
A．Only modern American music is world famous.
B．If people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )don't understand the same language, they don't understand the same music.
C．Many people learn English by enjoying American songs.
D．If you want to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )understand American history and culture you must understand American music.
答案：C　由文章第六段可知人们可以通过欣赏美国歌曲来学习英语，故C项最佳。同样由此段可判断B，D项是错误的。
【2014高考英语广东省华侨中学四模】D
A team of engine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely im ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )portant for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irst robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the desi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gn offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
41. The robotic fly project has been conducted __________.
A. just by accident B. within a decade
C. just by a professor D. for more than ten years
42. The difficul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________.
A. they had no model in their mind
B. they did not have sufficient time
C. they had no ready-made components
D. they could not assemble the components
43. It can be inferred ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly __________.
A. consists of a flight device and a control system
B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time
C. can collect information from many sources
D. has been put into wide application
44. Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
D. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.
45. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. Father of Robotic Fly
B. Inspiration from Engineering Science
C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect
D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study
【参考答案】41-45. DCBDC
【2014高考英语四川省凉山州一模试题】E
When I w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as a boy, my father told me that he could do anything he wanted to. Dad said that
he wanted to be the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) first to develop color prints in our city, and so he did.
When I wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s 16, Dad looked closely at the violin I played and announced that he wanted to
make one. He r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ead about violin making, and then became a violinmaker at the age of 43. He
bought the tools and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )materials, opened a small store and set Mom up as the shopkeeper, while he
worked at a loc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al company. He retired from the company 17 years later and continued to make
violins and other instruments
Dad often guesse ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d why the Stradivarius violins sound so beautiful. Some experts claimed that
it was the unique va ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rnish（油漆）that gave those instruments their beautiful sound. Dad娜ed that
chemists could analyze ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the varnish-if that were the answer. One of Dad’s friends asked him once
which kind o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f wood was used to make violins. When Dad explained that the top was made of
spruce（云杉），his fri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )end said that he had an old piece of spruce Dad might be interested in.
He worked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for the next 12 months making a violin from the wood that his friend had given
him. It proved to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be a superior violin and it would become Dad's masterpiece. He was convinced
that the secret of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e Stradivarius sound was in the wood itself. Later, the instrument was stolen
Dad's spirit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was broken by the robbery, and he stopped making instruments. But he kept the
music shop until he was 80 years old, selling guitars and violins.
My father ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s been gone for 14 years now. The violin has been missing for more than 25
years. Somewher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e a musician is playing a late 20th century violin with an excellent tone. The
owner today may never ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) understand why this ordinary -looking violin sounds so much like a
Stradivarius
47. The author mentions his father's developing color prints to．
A. show that his father's real interest was not in making violins
B. prove that his father could do anything he wanted to
C. give an example proving that his father was an inventor
D. describe th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e real thing that made the author believe his father
48. What did the author's father think about Stradivarius violins
A. The varnish w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as different from the others. B. The way of making them was special.
C. The w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ood of the violins was special. D. They could only be analyzed by chemists
49. How long di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the author's father live after the violin was stolen About years
A. 11 B. 14 C. 25 D. 80
50. After the robbery, his father's reflection shows he
A. liked the violin very much B. lost interest in instruments
C. didn't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )want to become famous D. didn't trust people any more after that
【参考答案】46、D 47—50、BCAA
Passage 4
Development of a widely accepted chronology for the arrival of humans has been equally difficult, and it was only with the development of optically stimulated luminescence dating that a human presence in Australia was confirmed at 53,000 to 60,000 years ago. Older dates for a human presence in Australia have now been shown to be erroneous .
The importance ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of Australia as a separate natural laboratory in which to test extinction theories lies in the fact that humans arrived there much earlier than they arrived in the other continental areas (the Americas and northern Eurasia) that experienced substantial megafaunal extinction. What Miller et al. have shown is that the extinction of Genyornis occurred simultaneously across southeastern Australia (indeed probably right across the continent) about 50,000 years ago. This is very close to the presently accepted time of arrival of humans in Australia. It was also a period of modest climate change, well before the dramatic climatic fluctuations of the terminal Pleistocene. The data of Miller et al., therefore, support those who see human hunting rather than climate as causing the extinction of the megafauna.
Genyorni ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100 kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary. It was an inhabitant of Australia?s inland plains and some coastal regions, but its legs were relatively short and thick, suggestion that it was a slower runner than the emu. Proponents of human?caused extinction suggest that it is just such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting.
A new scho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ol of thought has recently established itself in the extinction debate. It advocates the idea that a combination of human impact and climate change was responsible for the extinction of the world?s megafauna. The new Genyornis data also weaken that argument, for the following reason. Fifty thousand years ago, Australia was experiencing mild cooling; 11,000 to 12,000 years ago, the Americas were experiencing rapid warming. These disparate climatic conditions, all coincident with megafaunal extinction, suggest that whatever was happening with climate, it was bad for the big animals. Under these conditions, the hybrid model becomes indistinguishable from the human?caused extinction model for the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.
66. The last word “megafauna” in Paragraph 2 most probably means
A birds. B plants.
C big animals. D small animals.
67. Genyornis was vulnerable to human hunting because it was
A a delicacy. B very weak.
C very small in size. D clumsy.
68. How many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )models have been put forward for the extinction of Genyoris
A One. B Two.
C Three. D Four.
69. That Austr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )alia experienced mild cooling and the Americas rapid warming suggests that
A the climatic conditions were unfit for Genyornis to live.
B Genyorni ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s were highly adaptable to different climatic conditions.
C The two climatic conditions were both bad for Genyornis.
D The cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris.
70. The selection is mainly about
A the debate over the time of the human presence in Australia.
B the relationsh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ip between the human presence and magafaunal extinction.
C the r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elationship between human activities and climatic changes.
D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction.
Passage 4
66. 【正确答案】 ［C big animals.
【本题考点】 词语释义题。
【试题精解】 考生如果有一定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的构词法知识一眼就可看出该题的答案。 “mega”在英文中指 “big”；fauna指 “animals” ，显然［C 为正确答案。考生如果没有这方面的知识，也可以利用上下文来判断。作者在提到megafauna后紧接着提到了Genyornis,在第三段开始对其进行了描述： “Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary.” 足见其大。
【考点出处】 第二段末句，但对该词的推断却应联系上下文。
67. 【正确答案】 ［D clumsy.
【本题考点】 细节判断题。
【试题精解】 第三段中指出 “it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting” “such characteristics” 指的是其 “heavy, short and thick”, 即 “clumsy”。
【考点出处】 根据第三段第二句可知它的腿短而粗，跑得慢，［D 项clumsy“笨拙的”与句意一致。
68. 【正确答案】 ［C Three.
【本题考点】 细节判断题。
【试题精解】 文中共提到了三种 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：（1）Human hunting;（2）Climate;（3）Human impact and climate change。
【考点出处】 第二、三、四段中。
69. 【正确答案】 ［D The c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )limatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris.
【本题考点】 推理暗示题。
【试题精解】 澳大 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )利亚经历了 “mild cooling”, 美洲经历了 “rapid warming”, 而两个地方都出现了Genyornis的灭绝，说明气候对其灭绝并未产生什么影响。在文中最后一段作者也指出 “the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.”
【考点出处】 第二段和第四段。
70. 【正确答案】 ［D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction.
【本题考点】 主旨大意题。
【试题精解】 本文重点介绍了造成“magafaunal extinction”的三种原因，所以［D 为正确答案。
【考点出处】 考察对全文的理解能力，实际上从第三题的做答中我们就可得出解答该题的部分相关信息。
■核心词汇
1.chronologyn.年代学
2.luminescencen.发光
3.erroneousa.错误的 ［同义 false, incorrect, inexact
4.megafaunan.巨型动物
5.fluctuationn.变化 ［同义 oscillation, rolling
6.ponderousa.笨重的 ［同义 heavy, weighty, massive, bulky
7.cassowaryn.食火鸡
■全文精译
澳洲古代巨鸟灭绝探因
要创建人类是何时到来的、且为人们所广为接受的年代表同样也是困难的。并且只有在光学模拟发光测定年代的方法发展起来后，人们才确定53，000年到60，000年前澳洲有了人类，现在已证明更久远的年代是错误的。
之所以把澳洲称为试验种族灭绝理论 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的天然实验室，其重要性在于（lie in）：人类到达这儿的年代要远远先于到达经历过巨型动物灭亡的其他大陆（如欧洲和欧亚大陆北部）的年代。Miller等人向我们说明，“巨鸟”于50，000年前在澳洲南部同时灭绝，这和人们普遍接受的人类到达澳洲大陆的时间相当接近。这也是气候温和的时期，随后很久才发生了更新世晚期灭绝性的气候剧变。Miller的资料支撑了认为人类捕猎而非气候变化是巨兽灭绝的原因的观点。
“巨鸟”是远古时期 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一种巨型鸟类，重约80到100公斤，是鸸鹋和食火鸡的两倍重。它是澳洲内陆和沿海地区的动物，但它的腿相对短而粗，证明它不如鸸鹋跑得快。坚持人类导致这种鸟灭绝的人说，它们的这种特性使它们很容易受到（be vulnerable to ...）捕杀。
在这一“灭绝争论”中，新的学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )派又建立了。他们赞成人类及气候因素结合导致（be responsible for ...）了世界范围巨型动物的灭绝的观点。新的巨鸟资料也削弱了这种争论，原因如下：50，000年前，澳洲气候逐渐变冷；11，000到12，000年前，美洲气温迅速上升。这些完全相异的气候条件正好与巨鸟灭绝时期相吻合（be coincident with）。这说明，无论气候怎样变化，巨型动物还是难逃厄运。在这种情况下（under these conditions），这种结合两种说法的观点就变得与人类导致其灭绝的观点难以区别了。因为在他们看来，气候影响是那么微弱，只有人类的到来才预示了巨型动物的灭绝。【由内蒙古包头市201模拟改编】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
As I grew older, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) my dad and 1 grew further apart. We always had totally different opinions. He thought that college was a waste of time, but for me it was important to finish college. He wanted me to work my way to the top as he had done in his field，but I wanted a different life. There was a time when we did not talk with each other.
A few months ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ago, I heard that my 84-year-old dad was in poor health. When he called and asked whether I could move from Colorado bank to Tennessee to help him,I knew he was seriously ill. I am his only child and so it was time to meet my father's requirement.
Two weeks afte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r moving back，we bought a boat and started fishing again. Fishing was one of the few things that we did while 1 was young and that we both enjoyed. It is strange but true that as we are fishing we are able to put things that have kept us apart for so many years behind us. We are able to talk about things that we have never talked about before. Fishing has heen healing the old wounds that have kept us apart.
It is not impo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rtant how many fish we catch. It is about enjoying the relationship that we have not had for years. I' m 62 and he is 84. When we are on the lake fishing, it is like enjoying life. It is far better to find a way to put the unhappy past behind. I am so lucky to spend the happy time with my father in his last years.Now my heart is filled with love. A smile always graces my lips.
1. The author and his father became further apart because
A. they live ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d very far from each other B. they seldom went see each other
C. they only communn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icated by phone D. they had different views on things
2. Why did the author came back to Tennessee
A. Because his father invited him tg ga $shire.
B. Because he decided to live in a different city.
C. Because his father was ill and needed caring.
D. Because he regretted being rude to his father.
3.For the author, fishing with his old father
A. help cure his father’s disease
B. makes him realize the importance of relaxation
C. is a good way to get close to nature
D. provides a chance for them to communicate
4. Which of the following can be the title for the text
A.Fishing Brings Us Together B. Forgiving Is Difficult
C.Memories of Old Days D. My Beloved Father
【参考答案】1--4、DCDD
【2014高考英语湖北省荆州市一模试题】C
A towering South A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )merican plant that is believed to kill animals with its spikes(尖刺) and use their rotting bodies as fertilizer is about to bloom(开花) in England. A rare Puya chilensis was planted at a greenhouse in Surrey, a county in the southeast of England about 15 years ago. However, despite its frightening description, the tall, spiked plant is considered a threatened species.
The Royal Horticultur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al Society has been feeding the plant a diet of liquid fertilizer. “In its natural habitat in the Andes it uses its razor sharp spikes to snare and trap sheep and other animals, which slowly starve to death and rot at the base of the plant, providing it with a bag of fertilizer,” reads a description on the RHS website, which adds that the plant gives off a “gruesome scent.”
But does the plant ac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tually trap and eat sheep Other sources have simply said it is “believed” that the plant traps small animals with its spikes. After the animals die of starvation, the plant is "believed" to then use their rotting bodies as fertilizer to feed itself.
"I'm really pleased th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at we've finally persuaded our Puya chilensis into producing flower," horticulturalist Cara Smith said in a press release on the RHS site. Regardless of whether it actually traps sheep, the plant does have sharp spikes that can grow up to 12 feet high and 5 feet wide. However, it’s not all death and danger for this plant. Its flowery blooms reportedly provide nectar(花蜜) for bees and birds.
The Puya chilensis blo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oms annually in its native land of Chile, but this is the first time it has done so after more than a decade of cultivation efforts from the RHS. "We keep it well fed with liquid fertilizer as feeding it on its natural diet might prove a bit problematic,” Smith said. "It's growing in the dry section of our glasshouse with its deadly spines well out of reach of both children and sheep alike."
59. From the passag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e we learn that in England the Puya chilensis _____.
A. feeds on man-made liquid fertilezer
B. often kills sheep and other animals
C. has once bloomed 15 years before
D. uses animals' rotting bodies as fertilizer
60. The underlined ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )word “snare” in the second paragraph probably means“_________”.
A. catch B. stop C. fight D. kill
61. We can infer from the passage that _____.
A. it's dangerous to feed the plant
B. it's certain that the plant kills sheep
C. it's difficult for the plant to bloom in England
D. it's rare for the plant to bloom in South American
62. What does the writer mainly tell us
A. A new plant is discovered in Chile.
B. How a rare plant is fed in England.
C. A rare plant is going to bloom in England.
D. How a plant traps animals in South America.
【参考答案】59—60、AA 61--62 CC
【2014高考英语湖北省荆州市一模试题】D
Do people ever ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )consider the possibility that, if they’re exposed to increased reports about a social problem, it’s the reporting that has increased rather than the problem It’s increasingly clear that this is the case with school bullying（欺凌）：Only news reports about it have increased, not the behavior itself. In fact, both bullying and fear of it are down among US middle school students
The rate of students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )who reported fearing an attack or harm at school at all has dropped dramatically, from nearly 12% in 1995 to less than 4% in 2011. For black and Hispanic students, it’s an even more encouraging shift—from more than 20% of both groups of students worried about being attacked at school to less than 5% in 2011.
The decline in a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ctual physical violence in schools is even more dramatic: It was down 74% between 1992 and 2010, according to the latest US Department of Justice data.
What about cyber ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bullying Online harassment increased from 6% in 2000 to 9% in 2005 to 11% in 2010 between, and it’s interesting to note that it increased less between 2005 and ’10 than in the first 5 years tracked. Because social media is very much a reflection of school social life for young people, the peer aggression seen in social media is a lot like the peer aggression seen on school bathroom walls. So once it finds its “dead level,” it will probably decline in the same way verbal and written aggression have.
Besides education and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) crime prevention at the social level, medicine treatment and better access to mental healthcare also contribute to this downward trend in victimization of self and others.
The rise of socia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l media is what people don’t typically think of as a positive force in society. But Finkelhor, director of the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire says, “These technologies might have prevented crime and bullying by providing more ways of help, more forms of social supervision, and interesting activities that destroy forms of alienation(异化) that lead to crime”.
63. From the first paragraph we learn that __________.
A. school bullying has increased because of increased reports
B. school bullying has decreased because of increased reports
C. the number of reports on school bullying has increased
D. the number of reports on school bullying has decreased
64. The underlined word is closest in meaning to "_________".
A. crime B. aggression C. surfing D. communication
65. The cy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )berbullying is still increasing probably because ________.
A. it isn't as easy to control as the other school bullying
B. it hasn't been concerned by the governments
C. it isn't part of school social life
D. it hasn't come to its top level
66. Finkelhor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )believes that social media have a ________ influence on the falling trend of school bullying.
A. positive B. negative C. major D. slight
【参考答案】63—66、CBDA
【2014高考英语河南省洛阳市统考】C
A sick little ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gift is being kept alive thanks to her best friend--a dog who carries her oxygen tank on his back. Alida’s faithful dog companion Mr Gibbs has been specially trained to shepherd the three-year-old, who breathes through a tube most of the time. He follows her closely as she plays in her family’s ten-acre land in Louisville, uses the slide or even rides her bike.
Alida was diagnosed（ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )诊断）with neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy（NEHI）when she was just eight months old. Her rare condition has just eight hundred documented sufferers throughout the world, and causes diseased pieces of the lungs to filter（过滤）oxygen through extra layers（膜）of cells making it hard or almost impossible to breathe. For Alida and her parents, it meant that even a walk in the park was very difficult because oxygen equipment was too heavy for the youngster to be able to carry herself. As parents they wanted to do something to help their daughter survive despite having a tube following her all the time. The couple found out about “service dogs” from a TV program and realized an animal trained to help the blind could be trained to help Alida. They finally found help in the shape of golden doodle—a retriever crossed with a poodle-dog Mr Gibbs. Now--thanks to trainer Ashleigh Kinsley—Alida and Mr Gibbs love nothing more than playing and running around together with the dog acting as Alida’s life saver.
63. What is Mr Gibbs
A. A pet dog. B. A policeman. C. A doctor. D. A firefighter.
64. When did the doctor know Alicia caught the disease
A. At her birth. B. At the age of eight.
C. Before she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was one year old. D. When she was three years old.
65. The under ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lined part “the couple” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. Alida’s classmates B. Alida’s parents
C. Alida’s doctors D. Alida’s pets
66. How did Alicia keep alive
A. By training ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) her dog. B. By staying with her parents.
C. By playing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with her fellows. D. By breathing through a tube.
63—66、ACB D
【2014高考英语河南省洛阳市统考】D
My daughter wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s singing as she polished the furniture. I hadn’t asked her to polish the furniture. I never do. But while her brothers are happiest with the computer or a football or a model car, her idea of delight is a can of Spring Fresh and a duster. While the boys have to be scolded, temped or tricked into doing their share of house chores, she’s up on a chair with the washing-up liquid as if her life depended on it. Where have I gone wrong
Being a bit o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f tomboy myself, and not too hot on the household skills, I used to argue till I was blue in the face that the differences between men and women were all about upbringing and expectations. Nobody could have approached motherhood with a courageous determination that all children would be treated the same, not channeled along some predetermined path. Boys would be offered soft toys, while girls would play cars and trains. I would bring up the New Men and female engineers of the future.
Ten years ago, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as I gazed at my first-born, I fantasized about the gentle soul he would be. No guns or violence for this little peachblossom. The fantasy continued until he was about two, when he proudly presented me with his first model--a gun. Later on, at playgroup, he and his pals daily attacked each other. And what about my daughter She plays all the boys’ game because she has to. But her heart is not really in it. She would much rather be drawing or writing or cleaning the bathroom while waves of boys roar around her.
I finally faced t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he fact that boys and girls are simply born different on the day, a few years ago, when I was hanging out the washing and gave her and the next brother up a couple of clothes pegs（晒衣夹）to play with. He shot me with his. She supported it in her arms and sang it a lullaby（催眠曲）.
But I won’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )give up. I’ll continue to try and treat them equally and expect the same of them. And by the time they’re all in their teens, I imagine they’ll all be equally impossible to get to do anything. But right now nature is wearing down nurture （训练）. Equality is hard work.
67. From the text we can know that the boys ________.
A. are happy to do the chores B. like guns by nature
C. never do h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ousework D. often play with soft toys
68. How does the little girl respond to the boys’ games
A. She’s keen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on it. B. She plays with them unwillingly.
C. She cares ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) much about it. D. She only concentrates on her own business.
69. What can we learn about the author
A. She’s approval of the children’s behavior.
B. She’s very strict with her children.
C. She accepts the situation as an unchanged fact.
D. She has to make a compromise.
70. What does the author want to tell us
A. Boys and girls can be trained to do things equally.
B. Girls have to work hard to catch up with boys.
C. It is impossible for boys and girls to be equal.
D. Boys shouldn’t treat girls so violently and impolitely.
【参考答案】67—70、BBDA阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
It is difficu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lt for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework，but with one of the following suggestions，you really can get your children to help at home.
If you give your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) children the impression that they can never do anything quite right，then they will regard themselves as unfit or unable persons.Unless children believe they can succeed，they will never become totally independent.
My daughter Carla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’s fifth grade teacher made every child in her class feel special.When students received less than a prefect test score，she would point out what they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed.
You can use the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) same technique when you evaluate (评价) your child’s work at home.Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead.Talk about what he has done right，not about what he hasn’t done.If your child completes a difficult task，promise him a Sunday trip or a ball game with Dad.
Learning is a process ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of trying and failing and trying and succeeding.If you teach your children not to fear a mistake of failure，they will learn faster and achieve success at last.
1．The whole passage deals with________.
A．social education B．school education
C．family education D．pre school education
解析：　本文一开头就点明了主题。
答案：　C
2．The author thinks that________.
A．there is no way to get children to help at home
B．the more enco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uragement and praise give，the more responsible and helpful children will become
C．it is very difficult to make children responsible for housework
D．children can be forced to help with housework
解析：　本文倒数第二段可说明问题，在教育孩子问题上，表扬和鼓励是必不可少的。
答案：　B
3．The article giv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es us a good suggestion about how to evaluate your child’s work at home.That is to________.
A．praise his success B．promise him a trip
C．give him a punishment D．promise him a ball game
解析：　由倒数第二段第三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“Talk about what he has done right，not about what he hasn’t done.”可知。
答案：　A
4．The author advises readers to________.
A．learn from himself，for he has a good way of teaching
B．take pride in Carla’s fifth grade teacher
C．do as what Carla’s teacher did in educating children
D．follow Carla’s example because she never fails in the test
解析：　本文第三段肯定了C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arla老师的教学方法，由第四段第一句“You can use the same technique when you evaluate your child’s work at home.”可知。
答案：　C
5．Having read the last paragraph，we can conclude that________.
A．pride goes before a fall B．practice makes perfect
C．no pains，no gains D．failure is the mother of success
解析：　A的大意为“胜不骄、败不馁”；B为“熟能生巧”；C为“不劳、不获”；D“失败乃成功之母”。故D为答案。
答案：　D。
【2014高考英语湖北省荆州市一模试题】E
The environm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ental group 350.org has launched a new campaign called Climate Name Change that proposes to revise to how hurricanes are named: call them after policymakers who say that humans are not to blame for global warming.
This will sav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e the Katrinas and Sandys of the world from the injustice of having their names attached to major disaster, the group says. And, as a bonus, it will produce some peculiar weather reports.
“Rick Perry leave ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s trail of death,” appears under a broadcast titled “Rick Perry: The Tragedy.”
“Michelle Bachman ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is incredibly dangerous. If you value your life, please seek shelter from Michelle Bachman,” says an official while addressing a news conference.
The campaign ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is unlikely to influence the World Meteorological Organization, which has since 1954 named Atlantic tropical storms from an official list.
But the campaig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n’s goal seems less to actually name a hurricane after the speaker of the house, and more to call attention to an issue that this month has reached an alarming level of seriousness. The campaign comes just a month before the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change will release its most recent report on the state of global warming and a week after a draft（草稿）of the report was given away to Reuters.
In the draft, s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cientists concluded with near certainty – about 95 percent sure – that humans are to blame for the worldwide temperature hikes over the last few decades. That was a revision from the 2007 report, which put scientific certainty that human activities were driving global climate change at about 90 percent.
And global warming, th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e report said, is not slowing down – it, actually, is accelerating. That means that sea levels could balloon upward as much as three feet by the end of the century, if emissions(排放量) continue at their current pace.
Still, as the Washing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ton Post Climate notes, hurricanes are not the best sign of global warming. Though current data suggests that global warming will in the future stir up terrible super storms, there is still not enough evidence to support the idea that climate change strengthens the recent hurricanes that have torn at the US’s eastern coastline.
67. It can be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inferred that__________ is one of the policymakers who believe that humans are not to blame for global warming.
A. Katrina B. Rick Perry C. Flossie D. Sandy
68. 350.org has lau ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nched the campaign with the real purpose of _________________.
A. changing the ways of naming hurricanes
B. introducing the methods of naming hurricanes
C. reminding policymakers to change their attitudes
D. calling attention to the coming report on global warming
69. The draft of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e global warming report tells us that _____________.
A. global warming is speeding up at the same rate
B. it is human beings that have caused global warming
C. the new report has a more accurate data than the one in 2007
D. human beings are not the only one to blame for global warming
70. The writer of the passage seems to believe that______________.
A. policymakers should be blamed for the global warming
B. the campaign will cause the change of naming hurricanes
C. global warming has no necessary relation to terrible hurricanes
D. global warming ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )will surely cause terrible super storms in the future
【参考答案】67--70 BDBC
【2014高考英语河南省内黄一中一模】A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、 B、 C和D中。选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My horse，Trea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sure，is my hero because she helped me discover how to relate to her．In the process，she “ fixed ” my relationship with my husband and my children．
When I got her，she was 2 years old, with no handling. She was not going to accept any kind of instructions from me. In the interest of not getting myself killed，I started to read and educate myself on ways to manage a high-spirited horse．
　　I discovered natural horsemanship（马术）,a method of training that focuses on communication．In order to communicate with another person，you must be understood．The very definition（定义）of understanding is two or more persons share the same idea. This simple definition had a big influence on me．I realized that communication is a two-way street!
　　When I started to adopt horsemanship in my life，I noticed a change in the way other people related to me．My husband，when I stopped ordering him around，became happier and more helpful．My children，when I practiced being fair，firm and most of all，considerate，were motivated（激发）to act sooner，at a polite request instead of the orders from me．
I think the most valuable life skill I learned from my horse is that pressure motivates. As soon as I applied these basic skills to my daily activities, I started to notice positive changes. My children were more considerate of each other．and started to ask first，without telling．I became aware of my position as a role model．
　　Today，five years later，I have the perfect horse．I also have very polite kids and a very happy husband．There’s nothing in the world that can compare to being loved by ones you love most---even if it all started with the attitude of a very special horse．
56．What does the underlined phrase “with no handling” in Paragraph2 mean
A. Nobody cared about the horse except the author.
B. The horse could do whatever she wanted.
C. Nobody had trained the horse before.
D. The horse didn’t like anyone except the author.
57. What can we infer from the passage
A. Treasure was worth a lot of money.
B. When the author got Treasure, she was a perfect horse.
C. Before the author got Treasure, she didn’t love her husband.
D. Treasure’s coming helped the author’s family to get along better.
58. Why were t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he author’s children slow to respond to her in the past
A. She was unfair and used to order them to do things.
B. She didn’t know how to manage the female horse.
C. Her children were too naughty to listen to her.
D. She would be unhappy if they responded quickly to her.
59. Which is the best title for the passage
A. A true treasure
B. My family
C. The importance of understanding
D. An unforgettable experience
【参考答案】56—59、CDAA
【2014高考英语河南省开封市一模】A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
From the h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ealth point of view we are living in a wonderful age. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. But though the pos sibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of people on the roads. Man is opposite to the motor-car! It is a neverending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people are killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )htly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering-wheel(方向盘) , his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They are rude, ill-mannered and aggressive. All their hidden frustrations and disappointments seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng is that society smiles on the motorist and seems to forgive the behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities and towns are made ugly by huge car parks.
It is high time a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) world law were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough. A law which was universally accepted could only have a beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some things that might be done. The driving test should be made to a fixed standard and far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21 ; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Driving speed should be limited on all roads. These measures may sound extremely severe. But surely nothing should be considered difficult if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.
56. The main idea of this passage is______.
A. traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists
B. thousands of people in the world are killed each year
C. only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents
D. the laws of some countries about driving are too strict
57. Which of the following is right according to the passage
A. It is right to build huge car parks in cities and towns.
B. all the drivers must be asked to take a test every year.
C. Working by car can save time and money.
D. Society overlooks their rude driving.
58. Why does the au ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thor say" his car becomes the extension of his personality"
A. Driving can show his real self.
B. Driving can bring out his good character.
C. Driving can make a man excited and joyful.
D. Driving can make a man quiet and pleasant.
59. The attitude of the author is______.
A. approving B. critical C. sympathetic D. aggressive
【参考答案】56—59\CDAB
【2014高考英语河南省开封市一模】B
Li Du is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a 6yearold boy. But his world is far removed from his contemporaries(同龄人). His mother died of AIDS in 2009 and his father, suffering from a terrible cough and fever, went off last summer. The HIV-positive boy lives at the end of a path on top of the mountain in his windowless, furniture-less, gray-brick house. His parents moved to the top of the mountain six years ago after both being diagnosed as HIV-positive. Dressed in torn clothes, Li Du's only relief is Lao Hei , his dog.
The boy w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ashes his clothes and cooks his own food at an age when his contemporaries are still being fed by their parents. Putting some rice and green vegetables into a pot and placing it on a stove made of several blocks, he starts a fire with amazing speed. He uses no oil or salt but still eats his meal with great enjoyment and sets aside a bit for his dog.
Li Du is HIV-pos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itive but has no clue what those letters mean. All he knows is that those who were once his friends have deserted him and doctors refused to help him when he accidentally tipped boiling water on his hands.
"But my gran ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dmother always comes to see me, " the boy says. However, his 84 year-old grandmother will not say why she has not taken him to live with her and his uncles and aunts.
He often sits i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the open area in front of his home staring at the path that leads to the outside world, hugging his dog, lost in thought. He was in school but only for one term. The local primary school allowed him to take the preschool course for one term, but then they had to ask him to leave after his father was gone, considering the feeling of the other parents. He often takes out his old textbooks, touching them like little treasures.
The la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )test news is that an old couple has decided to adopt Li Du and Lao Hei, as well as the chicken he is raising. The local Red Cross Association is also talking about providing proper medical care for him. But there is still one question that troubles the little boy: "When can I go back to school "
60. Who stays with Li Du most of the time
A. His grand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ma. B. His dog. C. His friends. D. The villagers.
61. Which of the following statements is NOT true
A. Li Du ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) takes care of himself. B. Li Du's food is almost tasteless.
C. Li Du h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as no idea what AIDS is. D. Nobody is willing to help the boy.
62. What is the best title of the passage
A. A Boy And His Books B. A Capable Boy
C. A Boy Not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )To Be Forgotten D. A Boy Lacking Medical Care
【参考答案】 60—62\BCD