2024高考英语二轮复习 题型技巧解读：完形填空技巧（学案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024高考英语二轮复习 题型技巧解读：完形填空技巧（学案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 522.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-01-04 08:50:41 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
完形填空解题技巧
分析2021-2023年各地区高考各题型考向分布。
卷别 年份 题材 主题语境 主题内容 名词 动词(短语) 形容词 副词 介词短语
新课标I 2023 记叙文 人与自我 帮助受伤参赛者 8 5 2 0 0
新高考I 2022 记叙文 人与自我 难忘的家庭露营体验 5 5 3 1 1
2021 记叙文 人与自我 烘焙厂兼职工作经历 4 9 2 0 0
新课标II 2023 记叙文 人与社会 飞行员主动帮助运送小狗 3 7 4 1 0
新高考II 2022 记叙文 人与自我 新型旅游体验 7 4 3 1 0
2021 记叙文 人与自我 中国警察卧底办案 7 6 2 0 0
1．完形填空主要考查在语篇中的词汇知识。
2．完形填空的体裁多以记叙文为主，偶有议论文、夹叙夹议的文章或说明文。
3．要求选择填空的词常为实词（如名词、动词、形容词 、副词等）着重词义辨析能力的考查；代词、冠词、介词、连词（包括从句的连接词）考得较少。
4.首句不设空。
5.逻辑链上挖空（原文中有线索词提示）。
6.选项设计：同一词类、同一语法形式。
完形填空的每一个空都不是孤立存在的,解题时要通过上下文提供的线索来保证所填自主解答的唯一性。除满足词义、用法和搭配的要求外,句间乃至全文的逻辑关系也是重要线索。解题时要在整体把握文章脉络的基础上,按照行文逻辑进行合理推断,并据此找到与文中某些词语有密切关系的选项。
多数语篇有一定的“写作套路”,即挫折或困境一尝试改变一圆满结局一意义阐述。解题时,要整体把握语篇弄清故事缘由,中间经历了怎样的变化,结局是什么,揭示了什么哲理或意义等。
信息复现在完形填空中经常出现,包括原词、同/近义词、反义词、同根/同源词、概括性词汇等。了解这些信息复现现象有助于快速、准确解题。
完形填空不仅考查词汇的常用词义,还会考查常见词汇的语境化“新义”,因此要关注词汇在语境中的使用。
解答完形填空试题时,有时还需要把头脑中储存的知识和信息与文本结合起来考虑,做出符合常识的最佳选择。特别要关注中西文化的差异。
【技巧1】词汇运用
完形填空语篇一般为记叙文或者说明文。无论文本的体裁是什么,文章总有一个核心话题与该话题有关的内容会在文章中反复出现。很多情况下,我们可以利用信息复现快速确定正确答案。语篇中的信息复现包括原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、代词复现、概括词复现及同范畴词复现等。
典例
“Tomorrow will be a better day” were the words he _46_ to me hundreds of times.（2023.9 新高考研究卷四）
A. declared B. repeated C. whispered D. recited
解题思路
利用所学词汇，根据文章大意辨析词义，选出最佳选项。此题考查短语动词的区别，这四个单词的基本意义为：declare"宣告，声称"， repeat"重复"，whisper"小声说"， recite"背诵"，根据题义："这句话是他和我重复了几百遍的"。应选B。
名词辨析
When asked about the barriers she had encountered, Noreis said, “ __29__ comes from practice. Difficulties are unavoidable. Just get used to it.” (2023·湖南省九校联盟高三第二次联考)
A. Skill B. Ski C. Result D. Efficiency
动词辨析
On the night of November 25, 2011, I got into a fistfight with my best friend in our kitchen. It all started because I was trying to help him. He was drinking a lot, arguing with everyone and __22__ himself from others by keeping silent most of the time.(2023·浙江省绍兴市高三联考)
A. defending B. seperating C. protecting D. locking
形容词辨析
His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend. It was __28__ to see him put so much effort in for a stranger. ......
I arrived just in time just to jump onto the boat. I’ve never been more thankful for someone’s kindness the whole way through.(2023·河北省石家庄市高三教学质量检测二)
A. satisfying B. touching C. stressful D. awful
副词辨析
When they arrived, Mary even had a gift basket ready to give her “angel”. The officers were grateful that Mary not only noticed their small acts of service that often go unnoticed but that she went beyond to acknowledge it __32__. They thanked Mary for encouraging them with her gratitude and spirit. What a great reminder of how our heroes work behind the scenes to keep things running smoothly every day---and of how much it means to show appreciation for their efforts. A little sure goes a long way !(2023·湖南省张家界高三第二次模拟考试)
A. publicly B.casually C. quietly D. naturally
介词短语辨析
In 2012, a civil war began , due to which, over one million people were forced to flee their homes and there were many deaths and injuries. __45__ the United Nations established a peace- keeping mission in the country.(2023·江苏省无锡常镇四市高三下学期教学情况调研一)
A. In turn B. In surprise C. In response D. In addition
词汇活用
Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the __54__ of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892.The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Clasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was buried in Westminster Abbey. (2023·重庆市第一中学校高三下学期信心考试)
A. title B. name C. honor D.award
高频短语
Noreis has become a star at the resort in Lusten Mountains Ski Area, home to winter sports lovers. Dressed in her baby blue suit and white helmet, she joins the other ski enthusiasts. But fluent skier now though she is, Noreis only __23__ the sport when she was 75. Up until then, she had spent her days working the land on the farm. (2023·湖南省九校联盟高三第二次联考)
A. took up B. brought in C.gave away D. fell on
【技巧2】推理判断
我们可以从以下几方面进行推理判断：
1、运用"前置信息"与"后置信息",即语境
2、运用复现词语
3、运用同义词或近义词
4、运用反义词
5、运用上下义词
6、运用逻辑关系
7、运用生活常识及文化背景知识
典例
1、运用"前置信息"与"后置信息"
充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。例如：
Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived ____ for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a holiday.
A. alone B. next door C. at home D. abroad
2. 利用复现词汇
有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。
All of a sudden I started to feel rather _1__. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of _2_ . I felt even more hopeless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.
1. A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. hopeless D. pleased
2. A. place B. job C. advice D. help
3. 利用同义词或近义词
在英语中有时为了避免重复，常用意思相同或相近的词或解释性的语言来连接上下文。
I remember as a child I said something ____ about somebody, and my father said, "Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it's a reflection of you."
A. unkind B. unnecessary C. unimportant D. unusual
4. 利用反义词
语意的连贯有时通过对比的结构采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释。应注意分析这类概念复现，从反义的角度判断正确的选项。
Some parts of the water are very shallow(浅的). But in some places it is very ＿＿.
A. high B. deep C. cold D. dangerous
5、利用上下义词
上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体。它们是包含与被包含的关系。如：food是bread, noodle, milk, rice的上义词，反之bread, noodle, milk, rice是food的下义词。
1. He taught her how to rely on her other ____, specifically her hearing…
A. feeling B. organs C. skills D. senses
2. I…dropped all the coins into… "It proved to be a waste of _____," I thought …
A. words B. effort C. space D. money
6. 利用逻辑关系
如表示结构层次的firstly, secondly, finally等；
如表示并列关系的and, or, besides, as well (as)等；
表示因果关系的thus, therefore, so等，
表示改变话题的by the way；
表示递进关系的besides, what's more, further 等，
表示转折关系的however, but, while, on the other hand等 等。
做题时如果能充分利用这些过渡词汇，就可以迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文的关系。
① We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago. I decided to buy a car because we had sold the one we had in England before____home.
A. leaving B. making C. returning D. getting
② She was small in figure but strong in __. Through determination, she had learned to read and write.
A. brain B. wish C. will D. health
7、运用生活常识及文化背景知识
了解生活常识，确定相关知识
① It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their____. This was the beginning of another ordinary day in New York City.
A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices
② Immediately the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the ___ hospital.
A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest
【技巧2】紧抓主旨
作者往往通过首句或首段揭示文章的主旨大意，体现文章的题材、体裁。在做完形填空时，我们要理清文章思路，把握作者的态度或思想情感，这对做好一篇完形有着非常重要的作用，否则可能导致几个空格的连续选填失误。
典例
① Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. According to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, Parents should not __1___ reading to their children after they enter primary school.
A. speed up B. keep up C. give up D. hold up
做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外，还应避免几个误区。
1、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。
2、时间安排不当，做完形填空的时间应控制在12分钟左右。正确的做法是由易到难。
【真题在线】(2023/6 新课标I卷)
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41 the course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52 . “She was just crying. I couldn’t 53 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 , they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 55 of human kindness won the day.
41. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
42. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
43. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
44. A. race B. school C. town D. training
45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
48. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
49. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
50. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
51. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
52. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
53. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
54. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
55. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange
分析2021-2023年各地区高考各题型考向分布。
卷别 年份 题材 主题语境 主题内容 名词 动词(短语) 形容词 副词 介词短语
新课标I 2023 记叙文 人与自我 帮助受伤参赛者 8 5 2 0 0
新高考I 2022 记叙文 人与自我 难忘的家庭露营体验 5 5 3 1 1
2021 记叙文 人与自我 烘焙厂兼职工作经历 4 9 2 0 0
新课标II 2023 记叙文 人与社会 飞行员主动帮助运送小狗 3 7 4 1 0
新高考II 2022 记叙文 人与自我 新型旅游体验 7 4 3 1 0
2021 记叙文 人与自我 中国警察卧底办案 7 6 2 0 0
1．完形填空主要考查在语篇中的词汇知识。
2．完形填空的体裁多以记叙文为主，偶有议论文、夹叙夹议的文章或说明文。
3．要求选择填空的词常为实词（如名词、动词、形容词 、副词等）着重词义辨析能力的考查；代词、冠词、介词、连词（包括从句的连接词）考得较少。
4.首句不设空。
5.逻辑链上挖空（原文中有线索词提示）。
6.选项设计：同一词类、同一语法形式。
完形填空的每一个空都不是孤立存在的,解题时要通过上下文提供的线索来保证所填自主解答的唯一性。除满足词义、用法和搭配的要求外,句间乃至全文的逻辑关系也是重要线索。解题时要在整体把握文章脉络的基础上,按照行文逻辑进行合理推断,并据此找到与文中某些词语有密切关系的选项。
多数语篇有一定的“写作套路”,即挫折或困境一尝试改变一圆满结局一意义阐述。解题时,要整体把握语篇弄清故事缘由,中间经历了怎样的变化,结局是什么,揭示了什么哲理或意义等。
信息复现在完形填空中经常出现,包括原词、同/近义词、反义词、同根/同源词、概括性词汇等。了解这些信息复现现象有助于快速、准确解题。
完形填空不仅考查词汇的常用词义,还会考查常见词汇的语境化“新义”,因此要关注词汇在语境中的使用。
解答完形填空试题时,有时还需要把头脑中储存的知识和信息与文本结合起来考虑,做出符合常识的最佳选择。特别要关注中西文化的差异。
【技巧1】词汇运用
完形填空语篇一般为记叙文或者说明文。无论文本的体裁是什么,文章总有一个核心话题与该话题有关的内容会在文章中反复出现。很多情况下,我们可以利用信息复现快速确定正确答案。语篇中的信息复现包括原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、代词复现、概括词复现及同范畴词复现等。
典例
“Tomorrow will be a better day” were the words he _46_ to me hundreds of times.（2023.9 新高考研究卷四）
A. declared B. repeated C. whispered D. recited
解题思路
利用所学词汇，根据文章大意辨析词义，选出最佳选项。此题考查短语动词的区别，这四个单词的基本意义为：declare"宣告，声称"， repeat"重复"，whisper"小声说"， recite"背诵"，根据题义："这句话是他和我重复了几百遍的"。应选B。
名词辨析
When asked about the barriers she had encountered, Noreis said, “ __29__ comes from practice. Difficulties are unavoidable. Just get used to it.” (2023·湖南省九校联盟高三第二次联考)
A. Skill B. Ski C. Result D. Efficiency
动词辨析
On the night of November 25, 2011, I got into a fistfight with my best friend in our kitchen. It all started because I was trying to help him. He was drinking a lot, arguing with everyone and __22__ himself from others by keeping silent most of the time.(2023·浙江省绍兴市高三联考)
A. defending B. seperating C. protecting D. locking
形容词辨析
His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend. It was __28__ to see him put so much effort in for a stranger. ......
I arrived just in time just to jump onto the boat. I’ve never been more thankful for someone’s kindness the whole way through.(2023·河北省石家庄市高三教学质量检测二)
A. satisfying B. touching C. stressful D. awful
副词辨析
When they arrived, Mary even had a gift basket ready to give her “angel”. The officers were grateful that Mary not only noticed their small acts of service that often go unnoticed but that she went beyond to acknowledge it __32__. They thanked Mary for encouraging them with her gratitude and spirit. What a great reminder of how our heroes work behind the scenes to keep things running smoothly every day---and of how much it means to show appreciation for their efforts. A little sure goes a long way !(2023·湖南省张家界高三第二次模拟考试)
A. publicly B.casually C. quietly D. naturally
介词短语辨析
In 2012, a civil war began , due to which, over one million people were forced to flee their homes and there were many deaths and injuries. __45__ the United Nations established a peace- keeping mission in the country.(2023·江苏省无锡常镇四市高三下学期教学情况调研一)
A. In turn B. In surprise C. In response D. In addition
词汇活用
Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the __54__ of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892.The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Clasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was buried in Westminster Abbey. (2023·重庆市第一中学校高三下学期信心考试)
A. title B. name C. honor D.award
高频短语
Noreis has become a star at the resort in Lusten Mountains Ski Area, home to winter sports lovers. Dressed in her baby blue suit and white helmet, she joins the other ski enthusiasts. But fluent skier now though she is, Noreis only __23__ the sport when she was 75. Up until then, she had spent her days working the land on the farm. (2023·湖南省九校联盟高三第二次联考)
A. took up B. brought in C.gave away D. fell on
【技巧2】推理判断
我们可以从以下几方面进行推理判断：
1、运用"前置信息"与"后置信息",即语境
2、运用复现词语
3、运用同义词或近义词
4、运用反义词
5、运用上下义词
6、运用逻辑关系
7、运用生活常识及文化背景知识
典例
1、运用"前置信息"与"后置信息"
充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。例如：
Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived ____ for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a holiday.
A. alone B. next door C. at home D. abroad
2. 利用复现词汇
有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。
All of a sudden I started to feel rather _1__. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of _2_ . I felt even more hopeless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.
1. A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. hopeless D. pleased
2. A. place B. job C. advice D. help
3. 利用同义词或近义词
在英语中有时为了避免重复，常用意思相同或相近的词或解释性的语言来连接上下文。
I remember as a child I said something ____ about somebody, and my father said, "Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it's a reflection of you."
A. unkind B. unnecessary C. unimportant D. unusual
4. 利用反义词
语意的连贯有时通过对比的结构采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释。应注意分析这类概念复现，从反义的角度判断正确的选项。
Some parts of the water are very shallow(浅的). But in some places it is very ＿＿.
A. high B. deep C. cold D. dangerous
5、利用上下义词
上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体。它们是包含与被包含的关系。如：food是bread, noodle, milk, rice的上义词，反之bread, noodle, milk, rice是food的下义词。
1. He taught her how to rely on her other ____, specifically her hearing…
A. feeling B. organs C. skills D. senses
2. I…dropped all the coins into… "It proved to be a waste of _____," I thought …
A. words B. effort C. space D. money
6. 利用逻辑关系
如表示结构层次的firstly, secondly, finally等；
如表示并列关系的and, or, besides, as well (as)等；
表示因果关系的thus, therefore, so等，
表示改变话题的by the way；
表示递进关系的besides, what's more, further 等，
表示转折关系的however, but, while, on the other hand等 等。
做题时如果能充分利用这些过渡词汇，就可以迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文的关系。
① We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago. I decided to buy a car because we had sold the one we had in England before____home.
A. leaving B. making C. returning D. getting
② She was small in figure but strong in __. Through determination, she had learned to read and write.
A. brain B. wish C. will D. health
7、运用生活常识及文化背景知识
了解生活常识，确定相关知识
① It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their____. This was the beginning of another ordinary day in New York City.
A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices
② Immediately the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the ___ hospital.
A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest
【技巧2】紧抓主旨
作者往往通过首句或首段揭示文章的主旨大意，体现文章的题材、体裁。在做完形填空时，我们要理清文章思路，把握作者的态度或思想情感，这对做好一篇完形有着非常重要的作用，否则可能导致几个空格的连续选填失误。
典例
① Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. According to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, Parents should not __1___ reading to their children after they enter primary school.
A. speed up B. keep up C. give up D. hold up
做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外，还应避免几个误区。
1、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。
2、时间安排不当，做完形填空的时间应控制在12分钟左右。正确的做法是由易到难。
【真题在线】(2023/6 新课标I卷)
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41 the course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52 . “She was just crying. I couldn’t 53 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 , they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 55 of human kindness won the day.
41. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
42. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
43. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
44. A. race B. school C. town D. training
45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
48. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
49. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
50. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
51. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
52. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
53. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
54. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
55. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange