选择性必修 Book 1 Unit 1 People of Achievement 单元分层练习
词汇过关练
(
一、过单词
)
1. adj. 至关重要的；关键性的
2. adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
3. vt. 评价；评估
4. n. 性质；特征；财产
5. n. 提取物；摘录
6. vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行
7. vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
8. n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜
9. adv. 显而易见；看来；显然
10. n. 物质；物品；事实根据
11. adv. 主要地； 一般地
12. vi.&vt. (fled, fled)迅速离开；逃跑
13. n. [usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
14. vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在
15. vt. 推断；推定
16. adj. 众多的；许多的
17. n. 理论；学说
18. n. (pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋
19. adj. 温柔的；文静的
20. n. 酷爱；激情
21. adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
22. adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
23. n. 结果；后果
24. vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇
25. vt.&vi. 哀悼；忧伤
26. adj. 非凡的；显著的
(
二、过变形
)
mitted adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→ vt. 承诺；保证(某个人、机构
等) vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
28. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→ adj. 学业的；学术的 29. objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的→ n.物体→ adj. 主观的
30. botanical adj. 植物学的→ n. 植物学
31. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→ adj. 独特的；特别的；有特色的→
n. 清楚；清晰
32. boil vt.&vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点→ adj. 煮开的→ adj. 沸腾的
33. liquid n. 液体 adj. 液体的；液态的→ n. 固体 adj. 固体的；固态的→
n. 气体 adj. 气体的；气态的
34. analyse vt. 分析→ n. 分析师；分析家→ n. 分析 35. scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→ n. 科学→ n. 科学家
36. conclusion n. 结论；推论→ v. 下结论；得出结论
37. novelist n. 小说家→ n. (长篇)小说
38. politician n. 从政者；政治家；政客→ n. 政治→
adj. 与政治有关的
39. relativity n. 相对论；相对性→ adj. 相对的 n. 亲戚→
v. 叙述；使有联系；有关联
40. institution n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗→ n. (教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
41. professor n. 教授→ adj. 专业的；专业性的；职业的 n. 专业人士→
n. 职业；声明；行业
42. doctorate n. 博士学位→ n. 硕士学位→ n. 学士学位
43. peculiarity n. 个性；特点；怪异的性质→ adj. 怪异的；独特的；古怪的
(
三、过短语
)
44. 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
45. 坚决要求
46. _ 毕业于
47. 对……做出贡献
48. 相对论
49. _ 因此；结果
50. fight against
51. by chance
52. be/get stuck
53. draw out
54. wear and tear
55. flow chart
e to power
57. take up a position
58. sum up
语句提升练
(
一、动词的形式变化和词形转换
)
1. His (object) was to play golf and win.
2. Have you seen the exhibition at the (botany) garden
3. We should (analysis) the cause and effect of this event.
4. The dish of (boil) beef and carrot tastes good.
5. He is engaged in (science) research.
6. I think he's a true (genius) .
7. The sound of footsteps (gradual) died away.
8. My son was a quiet and (gently) man.
9. The author has settled for a more (academy) approach.
10. He was appointed (professional) in the university for life.
(
二、固定用法和常考句式
)
11. He graduated Peking University in 2000.
12. The medical community continues to make progress in the fight cancer.
13. My family insisted that I (not give) in, but stay and fight.
14. Lily likes playing a joke on her classmate, is a bad hobby.
15. I suggested (take) her out to dinner for a change.
16. I met her chance on the street.
17. I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV.
18. As consequence, he got the first place in this grade exam.
19. He left a career in teaching to take up position with the Arts Council.
20. Einstein made great contributions the world.
21. Will you please sum the main idea of this article
(
三、语篇填空
)
Tu Youyou, a committed and 1 (patience) scientist, was born in Ningbo, China. In 1967 ，the Chinese
government 2 (form) a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu was among the first researchers 3 (choose). In 1969, she became 4 head of the project in Beijing. She and her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated many 5 (plant) for their medical properties. Later, 6 (they) project got stuck. 7 ， Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. After 8 (fail) more than 190 times, the team 9 (final) succeeded in 1971. Tu made great contributions __ 10__ our
human beings, and we all admire her a lot.
篇章培优练
(
一、阅读理解
)
（2019·北京 · 高考真题） Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her
business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a
super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth, instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a
candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But
Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why
can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it ”
With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He
recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy
would contain.
With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral
bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their
first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.
As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic
about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can
have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she
founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to
help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and
determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
1 ．How did Moore react to her dad’s warning
A ．She argued with him. B ．She tried to find a way out.
C ．She paid no attention. D ．She chose to consult dentists.
2 ．What is special about CanCandy
A ．It is beneficial to dental health. B ．It is free of sweeteners.
C ．It is sweeter than other candies. D ．It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.
3 ．What does Moore expect from her business
A ．To earn more money. B ．To help others find smiles.
C ．To make herself stand out. D ．To beat other candy companies.
4 ．What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story
A ．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B ．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C ．Positive thinking and action result in success.
D ．Success means getting personal desires satisfied
(
二、七选五
)
（2022·河南安阳 · 高二期末） Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences,
especially natural science or physical science. 5 Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George
Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. 6
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time. 7 Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may
not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve
people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.
8 Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be
changed without powerful evidence.
Working habits
9 He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to
communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar
projects where he/she may discover something new.
A ．To make discoveries, you have to think differently.
B ．There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.
C ．It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D ．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
E ．One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
F ．An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.
G ．Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific
process.
(
三、完形填空
)
（2022·四川雅安 ·三模） In 1946, 23-year-old John Goodenough headed to the University of Chicago. When he arrived with a dream of studying physics, a professor 10 him that he was already too old to succeed in
the 11 .
Recently, Dr. Goodenough 12 me that story and then laughed. He 13 the professor’s
advice and at 94, caused a heated 14 in the tech industry with his strong creativity. He and his team
15 a patent(专利)on a new kind of battery that, if it 16 as promised, would be so cheap,
lightweight and safe that it would change electric cars greatly and 17 petroleum (石油)-fueled vehicles. This was not the first time Dr. Goodenough had been 18 discussed. In 1980, at age 57, he coin vented the
lithium-ion battery(锂电池). In 2019, he was 19 the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
When I asked him about his late-life 20 , he said, “Some of us are turtles(乌龟)；we crawl and
21 along, and we haven’t maybe figured it out by the time we’re 30. But the turtles have to
22 walking.”
Dr. Goodenough started in physics and got 23 with chemistry and materials science, while
24 keeping his eye on the social and political trends. “You have to draw on a fair amount of experience
in order to be able to put 25 together, ” he said, “I’m grateful for the 26 that have been
opened to me in different periods of my life. At just the 27 moment, when I was looking for something,
it walked in the door.”
We tend to assume that creativity 28 with age. However, Dr. Goodenough’s story suggests that
some people actually become more 29 as they grow older.
10 ．A ．teased B ．taught C ．threatened D ．warned
11 ．A ．region B．job C ．field D ．experiment
12 ．A ．showed B ．read C ．told D ．brought
13 ．A ．hated B ．ignored C ．valued D ．took
14 ．A ．discussion B ．disagreement C ．argument D ．quarrel
15 ．A ．looked for B ．searched for C ．applied for D ．waited for
16 ．A ．helps B ．develops C ．proves D ．works
17 ．A ．blow up B ．spread out C ．kill off D ．speed up
18 ．A ．formally B ．happily C ．widely D ．suddenly
19 ．A ．elected B ．titled C ．sent D ．awarded
20 ．A ．success B ．hobby C ．effort D ．belief
21 ．A ．hesitate B ．struggle C ．get D ．come
22 ．A ．give up B ．set about C ．keep on D ．dream of
23 ．A ．involved B ．bored C ．satisfied D ．pleased
24 ．A ．already B ．only C ．also D ．never
25 ．A ．news B ．ideas C ．chances D ．choices
26 ．A ．windows B ．roads C ．hearts D ．doors
27 ．A ．possible B ．special C ．secret D ．right
28 ．A ．fades B ．improves C ．increases D ．connects
29 ．A ．ambitious B ．creative C ．attractive D ．famous选择性必修 Book 1 Unit 1 People of Achievement 单元分层练习
词汇过关练
(
一、过单词
)
1. crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的
2. vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充
满生机的
3. evaluate vt. 评价；评估
4. property n. 性质；特征；财产
5. extract n. 提取物；摘录
6. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.
(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
7. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；
(公开)感谢
8. defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 9. apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然
10. substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据
11. mostly adv. 主要地； 一般地
12. flee vi.&vt. (fled, fled)迅速离开；逃跑
13. circumstance n. [usually pl.] 条件；环境；
状况
14. found vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在
15. infer vt. 推断；推定
16. numerous adj. 众多的；许多的
17. theory n. 理论；学说
18. genius n. (pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋
19. gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的
20. passion n. 酷爱；激情
21. extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；
意想不到的
22. gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
23. consequence n. 结果；后果
24. encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；
遭遇
25. mourn vt.&vi. 哀悼；忧伤
26. remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的
(
二、过变形
)
mitted adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commit vt. 承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)
vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
28. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj. 学业的；
学术的
29. objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的→object n.物体→subjective adj. 主观的
30. botanical adj. 植物学的→botany n. 植物学
31. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinctive adj. 独特的；特别的；有特色的
→distinction n. 清楚；清晰
32. boil vt.&vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点→boiled adj. 煮开的→boiling adj. 沸
腾的
33. liquid n. 液体 adj. 液体的；液态的→solid n. 固体 adj. 固体的；固态的→gas n. 气
体 adj. 气体的；气态的
34. analyse vt. 分析→analyst n. 分析师；分析家→analysis n. 分析
35. scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家
36. conclusion n. 结论；推论→conclude v. 下结论；得出结论
37. novelist n. 小说家→novel n. (长篇)小说
38. politician n. 从政者；政治家；政客→politics n. 政治→political adj. 与政治有关的
39. relativity n. 相对论；相对性→relative adj. 相对的 n. 亲戚→relate v. 叙述；使有联系；
有关联
40. institution n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗→institute n. (教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
41. professor n. 教授 →professional adj. 专业 的 ；专业性 的 ；职业 的 n. 专业人士
→profession n. 职业；声明；行业
42. doctorate n. 博士学位→master n. 硕士学位→bachelor n. 学士学位
43. peculiarity n. 个性；特点；怪异的性质→peculiar adj. 怪异的；独特的；古怪的
(
三、过短语
)
mit_oneself_to_do 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
45. insist_on 坚决要求
46. graduate_from 毕业于
47. make_contributions_to 对……做出贡献
48. theory_of_relativity 相对论
49. as a consequence 因此；结果
50. fight against 对抗；反抗
51. by chance 偶然地
52. be/get stuck 被困住/卡住
53. draw out 抽出，拉长；使说出实情
54. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
55. flow chart 流程图
e to power (开始)掌权；上台
57. take up a position 担任；任职
58. sum up 总结；概括
语句提升练
(
一、动词的形式变化和词形转换
)
1. His (object) was to play golf and win.
答案与解析 objective 句意：他的目标是打高尔夫球并赢得胜利。故填名词 objective。
2. Have you seen the exhibition at the (botany) garden
答案与解析 botanical 句意：你看过植物园的展览了吗？用形容词修饰 garden。故填 botanical。
3. We should (analysis) the cause and effect of this event.
答案与解析 analyse 设空在句中作谓语，且前面有情态动词 should。故填动词原形 analyse。
4. The dish of (boil) beef and carrot tastes good.
答案与解析 boiled 句意：那道清炖牛肉胡萝卜的菜味道不错。用过去分词作定语表被动和完成。故填
boiled。
5. He is engaged in (science) research.
答案与解析 scientific research 是名词，用形容词修饰。 scientific research 意思是“科学研究”。
6. I think he's a true (genius) .
答案与解析 genius 句意：我认为他是一个真正的天才。故填 genius。
7. The sound of footsteps (gradual) died away.
答案与解析 gradually 设空处在句中修饰谓语 died away。故填 gradually。
8. My son was a quiet and (gently) man.
答案与解析 gentle 根据“quiet and ”可知， and 前后形式一致，故填形容词修饰名词 man。
9. The author has settled for a more (academy) approach.
答案与解析 academic 形容词修饰名词 approach。故填 academic。
10. He was appointed (professional) in the university for life.
答案与解析 professor 句意：他被任命为那所大学的终身教授。故填 professor。
(
二、固定用法和常考句式
)
11. He graduated Peking University in 2000.
答案与解析 from 句意：他 2000 年毕业于北京大学。 graduate from “毕业于” 。故填 from。
12. The medical community continues to make progress in the fight cancer.
答案与解析 against 句意：医学界在抗癌的斗争中不断取得进步。 fight against “与……作斗争；抵抗”。
13. My family insisted that I (not give) in, but stay and fight.
答案与解析 (should) not give 句意：家里人坚持认为我不应让步，而应该留下来继续抗争。 insist 意为“坚
持认为” ，后面接宾语从句时谓语动词要用虚拟语气。故填(should) not give。
14. Lily likes playing a joke on her classmate, is a bad hobby.
答案与解析 which 句意：丽丽喜欢取笑她的同学，这是个不好的爱好。“ is a bad hobby”是非限制
性定语从句，并且引导词指代前面整句话内容。故填 which。
15. I suggested (take) her out to dinner for a change.
答案与解析 taking suggest doing sth “建议做某事”。
16. I met her chance on the street.
答案与解析 by 句意：我恰巧在街上遇到了她。by chance 意为“偶然；碰巧”。
17. I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV.
答案与解析 Although/Though/While 句意：虽然那时我只有 6 岁，我依然记得在电视上见过它。设空处应
填表示让步的连词 although/though/while 引导让步状语从句。
18. As consequence, he got the first place in this grade exam.
答案与解析 a as a consequence 是固定结构，意为“ 因此；结果”。
19. He left a career in teaching to take up position with the Arts Council.
答案与解析 a 句意：他辞去教学工作到艺术委员会任职。 take up a position “担任职位”。
20. Einstein made great contributions the world.
答案与解析 to make contributions to “对……做出贡献”。
21. Will you please sum the main idea of this article
答案与解析 up 句意：请总结一下这篇文章的大意好吗？ sum up “总结概括”。
(
三、语篇填空
)
Tu Youyou, a committed and 1 (patience) scientist, was born in Ningbo, China. In 1967 ，the Chinese government 2 (form) a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu was among the first researchers 3 (choose). In 1969, she became 4 head of the project in Beijing. She and her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated many 5 (plant) for their medical properties. Later, 6 (they) project got stuck. 7 ， Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. After 8 (fail) more than 190 times, the team 9 (final) succeeded in 1971. Tu made great contributions __ 10__ our human beings,
and we all admire her a lot.
答案与解析
1. patient 考查形容词。设空处在句子中修饰名词 scientist。故用 patient。
2. formed 考查谓语动词。根据时间状语“In 1967”可知，用一般过去时。
3. chosen 考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦在首批被选中的研究者行列。用过去分词作定语。
4. the 考查冠词。可数名词前面加冠词，表特指。故用 the。
5. plants 考查名词。 many 修饰可数名词复数。故填 plants。
6. their 考查代词。project 是名词，应用形容词修饰，所以用形容词性物主代词 their 。 7. However 考查副词。根据上下文的逻辑关系可知，前后表转折，应填副词 However。
8. failing 考查非谓语。 after 此处用作介词。故填 failing。
9. finally 考查副词。设空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词 succeeded。
10. to 考查固定结构。 make contributions to “对……做出贡献” 。 全方位提能语篇
篇章培优练
(
一、阅读理解
)
（2019·北京 · 高考真题） Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her
business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a
super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth, instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her
Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the
can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents
it ” With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy
recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a
would contain.
was offered a
teeth. But
warning, “Why can’t say no to
company. He
healthier candy
With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral
bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their
first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.
As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic
about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can
have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she
founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to
help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and
determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
1 ．How did Moore react to her dad’s warning
A ．She argued with him. B ．She tried to find a way out.
C ．She paid no attention. D ．She chose to consult dentists.
2 ．What is special about CanCandy
A ．It is beneficial to dental health. B ．It is free of sweeteners.
C ．It is sweeter than other candies. D ．It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.
3 ．What does Moore expect from her business
A ．To earn more money. B ．To help others find smiles.
C ．To make herself stand out. D ．To beat other candy companies.
4 ．What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story
A ．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B ．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C ．Positive thinking and action result in success.
D ．Success means getting personal desires satisfied
【答案】 1 ．B 2 ．A 3 ．B 4 ．C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Alice Moore ，一个年轻有为的创业者的故事，故事告诉我们：
积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
1 ．推理判断题。根据第二段的 But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the
warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it ”及下文
她想方设法最终制作出了叫 CanCandy 的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反应是：她试图找到一条出路，解决
问题。故选 B。
2 ．细节理解题。根据第三段的 Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural
sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.可知，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，因此它对牙
齿有利。故选 A。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的 Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.可知，Moore
想用她独特的才能帮助其他人找到自己的笑容。故选 B。
4 ．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了 Moor 的创业故事，她之所以能成功，源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观地 看待问题，积极地想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
故选 C。
(
二、七选五
)
（2022·河南安阳 · 高二期末） Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences,
especially natural science or physical science. 5 Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George
Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. 6
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time. 7 Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may
not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve
people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.
8 Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be
changed without powerful evidence.
Working habits
9 He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to
communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar
projects where he/she may discover something new.
A ．To make discoveries, you have to think differently.
B ．There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.
C ．It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D ．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
E ．One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
F ．An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.
G ．Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific
process.
【答案】5 ．C 6 ．G 7 ．B 8 ．D 9 ．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。成功绝非偶然， 一定是一些特别的品质和性格才造就了那么多的伟人和成功人
士。学习本文，让我们一起来欣赏这些成功科学家们的性格特点吧。
5 ．C 选项“它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人。 ”承接上文“The dictionary defines a scientist as a person
having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.
(字典将科学家定义为在一门或多门科学， 特别是自然科学或物理科学方面具有专业知识的人)”讲字典对科
学家这一名词的解释和理解，故选 C 项。
6．G 选项“如果科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动力， 就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段。 ”承接小标题“Curiosity (好奇心)”和上文“An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. (一个优秀的科学家必须对事物非常好
奇)”讲科学家要具备的一个特征就是有好奇心，故选 G 项。
7．B 选项“很少有工作比这一项需要更长时间。 ”承接小标题“Patience (耐心)”和上文“Becoming a scientist takes
a long time. (成为一名科学家需要很长时间)”讲成为科学家时间很长，需要一定的耐心，故选 B 项。
8．D 选项“科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果， 而不考虑个人利益或公众舆论。 ”和下文“Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. (坚 持与证据相矛盾的旧信念是不诚实的。然而， 没有强有力的证据， 这种信念不应该改变)”一起表明科学家要
诚实，坚持真理，这是科学家特征“Ethical (道德的) qualities (道德素质)”的体现，故选 D 项。
9．由小标题“Working habits (工作习惯)”可知，下面一段主要谈到工作习惯， 且下文“He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. (他/她可 以单独或在团队中很好地工作， 这取决于需要什么， 还需要在纸上和口头上交流想法)”就是在讲科学家的工 作习惯，F 选项“一个优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并牢记在心。 ”也是一种工作习惯和方式。
故选 F 项。
(
三、完形填空
)
（2022·四川雅安 ·三模） In 1946, 23-year-old John Goodenough headed to the University of Chicago. When he arrived with a dream of studying physics, a professor 10 him that he was already too old to succeed in
the 11 .
Recently, Dr. Goodenough 12 me that story and then laughed. He 13 the professor’s
advice and at 94, caused a heated 14 in the tech industry with his strong creativity. He and his team
15 a patent(专利)on a new kind of battery that, if it 16 as promised, would be so cheap,
lightweight and safe that it would change electric cars greatly and 17 petroleum (石油)-fueled vehicles. This was not the first time Dr. Goodenough had been 18 discussed. In 1980, at age 57, he coin vented the
lithium-ion battery(锂电池). In 2019, he was 19 the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
When I asked him about his late-life 20 , he said, “Some of us are turtles(乌龟)；we crawl and
21 along, and we haven’t maybe figured it out by the time we’re 30. But the turtles have to
22 walking.”
Dr. Goodenough started in physics and got 23 with chemistry and materials science, while
24 keeping his eye on the social and political trends. “You have to draw on a fair amount of experience
in order to be able to put 25 together, ” he said, “I’m grateful for the 26 that have been
opened to me in different periods of my life. At just the 27 moment, when I was looking for something,
it walked in the door.”
We tend to assume that creativity 28 with age. However, Dr. Goodenough’s story suggests that
some people actually become more 29 as they grow older.
10 ．A . teased B ．taught C ．threatened D ．warned
11 ．A . region B．job C ．field D ．experiment
12 ．A . showed B ．read C ．told D ．brought
13 ．A . hated B ．ignored C ．valued D ．took
14 ．A . discussion B ．disagreement C ．argument D ．quarrel
15 ．A . looked for B ．searched for C ．applied for D ．waited for
16 ．A . helps B ．develops C ．proves D ．works
17 ．A . blow up B ．spread out C ．kill off D ．speed up
18 ．A . formally B ．happily C ．widely D ．suddenly
19 ．A . elected B ．titled C ．sent D ．awarded
20 ．A . success B ．hobby C ．effort D ．belief
21 ．A . hesitate B ．struggle C ．get D ．come
22 ．A . give up B ．set about C ．keep on D ．dream of
23 ．A . involved B ．bored C ．satisfied D ．pleased
24 ．A . already B ．only C ．also D ．never
25 ．A . news B ．ideas C ．chances D ．choices
26 ．A . windows B ．roads C ．hearts D ．doors
27 ．A . possible B ．special C ．secret D ．right
28 ．A . fades B ．improves C ．increases D ．connects
29 ．A . ambitious B ．creative C ．attractive D ．famous
【答案】 10 ．D 11 ．C 12 ．C 13 ．B 14 ．A 15 ．C 16 ．D 17 ．C
18 ．C 19 ．D 20 ．A 21 ．B 22 ．C 23 ．A 24 ．C 25 ．B 26 ．D
27 ．D 28 ．A 29 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了古迪纳夫博士大器晚成的故事。
10 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他怀着学习物理的梦想来到这里时， 一位教授警告他，他已经太老了，
不能在这个领域取得成功。 A. teased 取笑；B. taught 教授；C. threatened 威胁；D. warned 警告。根据下文“that
he was already too old to succeed in the 2 .”可知，这是教授对他的警告。故选 D。
11 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他怀着学习物理的梦想来到这里时， 一位教授警告他，他已经太老了， 不能在这个领域取得成功。 A. region 地区、区域； B. job 工作； C. field 领域； D. experiment 实验。根据上 文“When he arrived with a dream of studying physics”可知，教授认为他无法在物理这个领域有所作为。故选
C。
12 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，古迪纳夫博士给我讲了这个故事，然后大笑起来。A. showed 展示； B. read 阅读； C. told 告诉； D. brought 带来。根据空后的“that story”以及“then laughed”可知，博士给我讲了
这个故事。故选 C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他无视教授的建议， 以其强大的创造力在科技行业引发了热烈的讨论。A. hated 讨厌；B. ignored 忽视；C. valued 重视；D. took 带走。根据下文“In 1980, at age 57, he coin vented the lithium-ion battery(锂电池). In 2019, he was 10 the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. ” 可知，他在很多领域取得了成功。
所以，他根本没有理会教授的建议。故选 B。
14 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他无视教授的建议，以其强大的创造力在科技行业引发了热烈的讨论。 A. discussion 讨论；B. disagreement 分歧；C. argument 争论；D. quarrel 吵架。根据下文“This was not the first time
Dr. Goodenough had been 9 discussed.”可知，他经常是人们讨论的焦点。故选 A。
15 ．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他和他的团队申请了一种新型电池的专利，如果它像承诺那样有用，
它将是如此便宜、轻便和安全， 并极大地改变电动汽车， 淘汰石油燃料汽车。A. looked for 寻找；B. searched for 寻求； C. applied for 申请； D. waited for 等待。根据空后的“a patent(专利)on a new kind of battery”可知是
申请专利。故选 C。
16 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他和他的团队申请了一种新型电池的专利，如果它像承诺的那样有用，它 将是如此便宜、轻便和安全，并极大地改变电动汽车，淘汰石油燃料汽车。 A. helps 帮助；B. develops 发展； C. proves 证明；D. works 起作用、奏效。根据空后的“as promised”以及“would be so cheap, lightweight and safe
that it would change electric cars greatly”可知，是像承诺那样有用的话。故选 D。
17 ．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他和他的团队申请了一种新型电池的专利，如果它像承诺的那样有用，
它将是如此便宜、轻便和安全，并极大地改变电动汽车，淘汰石油燃料汽车。 A. blow up 爆炸； B. spread
out 伸展； C. kill off 消灭；淘汰； D. speed up 加速。根据空后的“petroleum (石 油)-fueled vehicles.”以及上
文出现的电动汽车大为改良，那么应该是淘汰石油燃料汽车。故选 C。
18 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这不是古迪纳夫博士第一次被广泛讨论。 A. formally 正式地； B. happily 开 心地； C. widely 广泛地； D. suddenly 突然。根据上文“He 4 the professor’s advice and at 94, caused a heated 5 in the tech industry with his strong creativity.”可知，他在很多领域都是讨论的焦点，所以这
里指的是被广泛讨论。故选 C。
19 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2019 年，他被授予诺贝尔化学奖。 A. elected 选举；B. titled 冠以头衔；C. sent
发送； D. awarded 授予。根据空后的“the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.”可知，他是被授予诺贝尔奖。故选 D。
20 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我问他晚年的成功时，他说， “我们中的一些人就像是乌龟，走得慢， 一 路挣扎， 到了而立之年还找不到出路。但乌龟知道， 他必须走下去。 ”A. success 成功；B. hobby 爱好；C. effort 努力；D. belief 信念。根据上文“In 1980, at age 57, he coin vented the lithium-ion battery(锂电池). In 2019, he was
10 the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.”可知，他在很多领域取得成功。故选 A。
21 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我问他晚年的成功时，他说， “我们中的一些人就像是乌龟，走得慢， 一 路挣扎，到了而立之年还找不到出路。但乌龟知道，他必须走下去。 ”A. hesitate 犹豫；B. struggle 挣扎；C. get 获得；D. come 来。根据下文“we haven’t maybe figured it out by the time we’re 30.” 可知， 一路走来， 一直
在挣扎。故选 B。
22 ．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我问他晚年的成功时，他说，“我们中的一些人是乌龟，我们爬行、 挣扎， 到 30 岁的时候可能还没有弄明白。但乌龟必须继续走。 ”A. give up 放弃；B. set about 开始做；C. keep on 继续；D. dream of 梦想。根据连词“but”可知，下文存在转折。上文说乌龟一路爬行、挣扎，却没有目标；
下文既然是转折，说明乌龟还得继续爬下去。故选 C。
23 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：古迪纳夫博士从物理学起步，后来涉足化学和材料科学，同时也关注社 会和政治趋势。 A. involved 涉及；B. bored 无聊；C. satisfied 满意的；D. pleased 满足的。短语 get involved in 涉及、参与， 根据上文“Dr. Goodenough started in physics”可知， 他开始研究的是物理， 后来又涉足化学和材
料科学。故选 A。
24 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：古迪纳夫博士从物理学起步，后来涉足化学和材料科学，同时也关注社会 和政治趋势。 A. already 已经；B. only 只有；C. also 也；D. never 从不。根据“keeping his eye on the social and
political trends.”可知，这些都是他所涉足的领域。故选 C。
25 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意： “你必须吸取相当多的经验，才能把各种想法整合起来， ”他说， “我很感激
在我生命的不同时期向我敞开的大门。就在我寻找某样东西时，它就正好走了进来。 ”A. news 新闻； B.
ideas 想法； C. chances 机会； D. choices 选择。根据上文“You have to draw on a fair amount of experience”可
知，需要有很多经验，才能将想法进行整合。故选 B。
26 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意： “你必须吸取相当多的经验，才能把各种想法整合起来， ”他说， “我很感激 在我生命的不同时期向我敞开的大门。就在我寻找某样东西时，它就在恰当的时间走了进来。 ”A. windows 窗户； B. roads 道路； C. hearts 心； D. doors 门。根据下文“it walked in the door”可知，空处为原词重现，指
大门对古迪纳夫博敞开。故选 D。
27 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意： “你必须吸取相当多的经验，才能把各种想法整合起来， ”他说， “我很感 激在我生命的不同时期向我敞开的大门。就在我寻找某样东西时， 它就在恰当的时间走了进来。 ”A. possible 可能的；B. special 特别的；C. secret 秘密的；D. right 恰当的。根据下文“when I was looking for something”可
知，是在“我”寻找的时候出现，所以是在恰当的时间。故选 D。
28 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们倾向于认为创造力会随着年龄的增长而消失。 A. fades 褪色、消失；B. improves 提高；C. increases 增加；D. connects 连接。根据“with age.”和常识可知，人们通常认为创造力年纪
越大越会消失。故选 A。
29 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，古迪纳夫博士的故事表明，有些人实际上会随着年龄的增长而变 得更有创造力。 A. ambitious 有野心的； B. creative 有创造力的； C. attractive 有吸引力的； D. famous 著名 的。根据“Goodenough’s story s”和全文可知， 文章主要讲述了古迪纳夫博士大器晚成的故事。人们通常认为
创造力年纪越大越会消失。而古迪纳夫博士却告诉我们有的人年纪越大，反而更具创造力。故选 B。
