Unit 6 Electricity

Unit 6 Electricity
【学习目标】 本单元核心词汇及语法情态动词的用法。
【学习内容】
重点词汇
electricity, n.电力；电 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学----electrical adj 电的, 有关电的--- adj .electric电的, 导电的,----electron电子 ----electronic n.电子的
辨析：electronic/electric/electrical
2.foolish=silly=stupi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d，adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的，可笑的---fool (n.) 傻瓜 ----fool V.愚弄
辨析：foolish /Silly/Stupid
reply, n.答复、报复（行动）；---- vi.[法律]（原告对被告）答辩、作答；---vt.回应，作出
反应 reply to =answer
4.tidy，adj.整洁的---tidier---tidiest tidy v.----tidiness，n. 整洁
vt.& vi.使整洁； 弄整齐----tidied---tidied---tidied---tidying
tidy away 收拾起来 tidy up 整理，收拾
5.identify, vt.识别、确定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )----identical adj 同样的------n. identification . 辨认
6.lock n. 锁；一把，一撮 ----vt. 锁上；使固定；隐藏 ----vi. 卡住，不动
7.touch, vt.使某物与…轻轻接触---- n.触摸，-触觉，-痕迹-----vi.接触；联系
辨析：get in touch with 和...取得联系;keep in touch with 和…保持联系。
rule v.=control 支配，统治------ n. 规则，条例；直尺
rule ---rules---ruled----ruled---ruling
By rule --按规矩，循规蹈矩
connect v.--- connects----connected----connected---connecting--- n.connection
be connect to某物被连接到 connect sth to sth 把某物和某物连接起来
connect sb with sth 把某人和某事连接起来
cook v.煮饭--cooks---cooked----cooked----cooking
cook n.厨师-----cooker n.厨具---cookers
11.test v.=examine 试验，测试 test sb for sth 对某人进行测试
test n.=examination
辨析：examination /test /examine/quiz
重点短语
moment=a short time一会儿 2.be like=look like看起来像
3.reply to =answer回答，回复 4.a packet of 一袋
5.in a way在某种程度上 6.(be) connected to 与……连接
7.power station 发电站 8.washing machine 洗衣机
9.switch off 关 10.tidy up收拾，整理
11.air conditioner 空调 12.have a bath 洗澡
13.wait for 等待 14. At least 至少
15.make sure 确信 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 16.foolish=stupid=silly愚蠢的
17.connect=join连接 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 18..test=examination测验
19..tidy=neat and in good order整洁的 20.by rules 按规定
重点句型
1.What do you know about .....
2.be connected to
3.In a way /on the way /in this way
4.Who look foolish now =who look silly
5.a moment later =after a while
同步检测（1）
一．同义词
1.----Can I ask you a question ---Wait for a moment. I'm coming.
A. a long time B. a short time C. at once D. in time
2.He will return in two days.
A. leave B. come back C. arrive D. get
3. They connect the computer to the printer.
A.join B.carry C．take D.join in
4. He made a foolish mistake.
A. harmful B. silly C. dangerous D.fool
5. The boy is like his father.
A. likes B. sounds like C. looks like D.look like
6. He didn't reply to my question.
A. answer B. bring C. give D. save
7. We will have a test tomorrow.
A. examine B. examination C. rest D. rule
8. Keeping their rooms tidy was her pleasure.
A. nice B. Valuable C. neat and in good order D. successful
9. Rule a line at the end of every piece of works.
A. Touch B. Lock C. Control D. Draw
10. Do you take me for a fool
A. cheat B. silly person C. cooker D. Ruler
词汇单选
1. Electricity_____a wire and it is like water.
A. comes from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. runs from C. comes through D. goes across
2. Stand____I 1 meter away from the machine when it is on.
A. at last B. at least C. at most D. at times
3.She_____because she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) wants to buy electricity in packets like sweets.
A. smells ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )well B. feels worse C. looks foolish D. finds out
4. We can't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) see electricity, but we can___ it____ different forms of energy.
A. translate... ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )into B. change...into C. flow...into D. run...into
5. Please don't ____, it is bad for your teeth.
A. stay up B. flow across C. come from D. eat too many sweets
6. These wires ___cables under the street.
A. are connect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to B. are made up of C. consist of D.make from
7. What does electricity really___
A.likes B.look like C.like D.looks like
8. Our head teacher is kind to us and she is like our mother, ____
A. on the way B. by the way C.in a way D.in the way
9. ---Electricity ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) can help us ___ many kinds of jobs. ----Yes,it helps us ___ a servant（仆人).
A. with, with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. do; likes C. to do; like D. with, likes
10.Can you help me buy__sweets, please
A. a piece o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f B. a packet of C. a copy of D. a cake of
三．正确形式填空
1. It’s _____________ of you to buy such a dress. It looks so ugly (fool )
2. The remote control ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) doesn’t work now. I think we need to change the two _____ in it (battery )
3.Your room is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) dirty and _____________. I think you know what you need to do now ( tidy )
4. Electricity is v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ery helpful, but we must remember the _____(safe) rules.
5.The TV set couldn't work without_____(electrical).
6.The film was so _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____(fun)that people in the cinema laughed all the time.
7.The desk is_____ (make)of wood.
8.Remember_____(take)the keys when you go out.
9.His dream is to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a _____(cooker)when he grows up. He likes eating.
10.He____(reply) to my letter last night. I am writing back to him.
Unit 6 Electricity
重点语法：情态动词的用法
1、情态动词的定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
　　We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。
　　May I have your name 我能知道你的名字吗？
　　Shall we begin now 我们现在就开始吗？
You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
2、情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
　can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .
3、情态动词的位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
　I can see e here. 我能看见你，过来吧。
　He must have been away.他一定走了。
　What can I do for you 你要什么？
　How dare you treat us like that！你怎能那样对待我们！
4、情态动词的特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。
He could be here soon. 他很快就来。
　We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。
　I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。
5、情态动词的用法:
A: 1.) can (could) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 表示说话人能力,可以,同意,准许,以及
客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。
Can you pass me the books 你能给我递一下书吗
Could you help me, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )please 请问,你能帮助我吗
What can you do 你能干点什么呢
Can you be sure 你有把握吗
2)can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态.将来时态用 be able to 来表示。
He could help us at all. 他完全可以帮助我们。
With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly. 　
由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。
表示可能： He can be at h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome.
B: 1）may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可，比can语气委婉。
You may take the book home. 　你可以把书带回家去.
May I come in 我可以进来吗
May I use your dictionary 我可以用你的词典吗
You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿点衣服.
He said he might lend us some money. 　他说他可以借给我们一些钱。
(2) .表示推测，谈论可能性， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢.
表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。May you be happy!祝你幸福！May you succeed！祝你成功！
4）may 否定式为 may not, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 缩写形式是 mayn't.
might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。
He told me he might be here on time. 他说他能按时间来。
Might I borrow some money now. 　我可以借点钱吗
　He might be alive. 　他可能还活着。
7、Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。 2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes, …must. No,…don’t have to.
I must finish my work today.我今天必须完成我的工作。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
You mustn't work all the time. 你不能老是工作　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Must I return the book tomorrow 我必须明天还书吗
After such a l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ong walk, you must be tired. 走了这么长的路,你一定困了。
He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。
He had to go because of somebody's calling him that day. 那天他要走是因为有人叫他。
在否定结构中表示：禁止，不允许
You mustn’t leave here.!
You mustn’t t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ake photos here!
must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。
He must have told my parents about it.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
He must have received my letter now. 他现在一定收到我的信了
It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again.已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。　
You must do it now. 你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)
I have to go now. 我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)
need 需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中.
Need I attend the meeting tomorrow 我需要明天参加会议吗
You need not hand in the paper this week. 这一周你不必交论文。
【情态动词易混点归纳】
易混点一: can和be able to:
两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如：Jim can’t speak English.吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5.他五岁时就会说英语。We’ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive.他已经会开车了。I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。
易混点二:can和may
1. can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。如：Can/ May I help you 我能帮助你吗？　
2. can和may表示可能性时的区别：
1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can
2)在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might，may，must
3)在否定句中用can’t（不可能），不用m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now 他们现在可能在哪儿？That can’t be true.那不可能是真的。
易混点三: may be和maybe
may be may为情态动词，be为动词原形 句中，作谓语
maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语
例如：He may be wrong , but I’m not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。
易混点四：can’t和
1. can’t根据其基本用法可译为：
（1）不会。如：I can’t speak English .我不会说英语。
（2）不能。如：We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.天太黑了，我们现在干不了。
（3）否定句中表示推测。“不可能”，如：Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher..那个人不可能是咱们老师，他年轻得多。
易混点五：must和have to
1.must侧重于个人意志和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主观上的必要。have to侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如：I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。
2. have to可以用于多种 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时态；而must只用于一般现在或将来。如：The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
同步检测（2）
一．语法单选
1.----_______ I swim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here ----I’m sorry. Children _____ swim alone here.
A. Must; can’t B. May; must C. Can; mustn’t D. Can’t; can
2.You _____ jump on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to a bus while it is still moving. It is too dangerous.
A. can B. must C. can’t D. mustn’t
3.They ____do well in the exam.
A.Can be able to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B.be able to C.am able to D.are able to
4.May I borrow your books -- Yes,you______.
A. may B. can C. must D. need
5.---Look at that man over there. he be our teacher Mr.Luo
--He be him. He has gone to Beijing.
A.May;must B.Can;may C.Can;can’t D.May;can’t
6. -–My brother won the first prize in the speech competition.
-–Congratulations! You ______ be excited about that!
A.need B.must C. would D. can
7.Some warm-hearted animals ___ hibernate (冬眠)
A.needn’t B.does not need to C.needn’t to D.don’t need
8.____I go and apologize to my teacher for my mistake
A. Should B.Need C.Can D. May
9.Parents must take good care of their children, _____they
A.mustn’t B.don’t C.needn’t D.aren’t
10.--May I stop my car here,sir --No,you .
A.may not B.mustn’t C.can’t D.needn’t
11. --- I chang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e the bulb now --No,you may not. You switch off the electricity.
A.Can;need B.May;must C.Must;must D.Can;must
12.John____ come to see us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A.may B.can C.has to D.must
13.Is Tom at home now
--He be at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) home,now.Because I his room just now,and he answered.
A.must;called ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B.can’t;phone C.may;called D.must;phoned
14.Shall I tell Tom something about it --No,you .
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.won’t
15.My mother is ill.So I to look after my little brother.
A.must B.may C.have to D.should
短文填空
Jane’s mother was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bout seventy, so Jane and her husband wanted to give the old lady a nice present for her ______（birth）. She liked drinking tea, so Jane bought a small _____(electricity) machine for her. It could make tea and then wake people up in the morning.
She brought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it ____ her mother on her birthday,and showed her how_____(use) it.Before you go to bed,_____ tea and water in it,”she explained to her mother,”and _____(do) forget to turn____the electricity.When you wake ____ in the morning, your tea will be ready.”After a few days, the old lady______( telephone) her daughter and said,”Jane,there is one thing I don’t understand. Why do I have to go to bed to make tea Can’t I have tea in the afternoon ____ in the evening ”
三．完型填空
We are lucky to l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ive in a rich country where we have many things. However, most of us usually 1 some things.
Electricity ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is one thing that we waste most. Lights, TVS, 2 and other things are often kept on even when
no one is using t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hem. We should turn them off when we do not need them. It takes less than a second to do it. Anyhow, not wasting electricity save money, because we do not have to care for the electricity we do not use. The second thing that we often waste is water. Fresh water is precious, 3 it shouldn't be wasted. It is only a simple matter of turning off a tap*. I am sure 4 can do this easily if he wants to. 5 big waste is food. My mother 6 cook so much food that much of it was thrown away. I told her we had wasted so much 7 . She thought I was right and now cooks mainly what we can eat.
It is not 8 to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be wasteful. I find there is a simple way of not wasting things. That is to use only what
we 9 . Do not t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ouch what we do not need. 10 this way we can stop being wasteful.
1. A. use B. wash C.waste D.forget
2 A. radios B. apples C.bikes D.doors
3. A. though B. because C. so D.but
4. A. nobody B. something C.everybody D.nothing
5. A. Others B. Other C.Another D.the other
6. A. planned to B. used to C.was able to D.was afraid to
7. A. electricity B. water C. food D.money
8. A. right B. fine C.bad D. necessary
9. A. buy B. need C.bring D.get
10.. A. On B. In C.For D.At
阅读理解
Light and s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hadow are friends. They usually go together. We receive light every day. At the same time, we produce shadow.
Light cannot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )shine through you. Your body stops it from passing. There is a dark spot on the ground
next to you. The light ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cannot reach the dark spot. This is your shadow.
At noon the sun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )shines over your head. Your body stops very little light from reaching the ground.
We love li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ght, especially sunlight. Without sunlight, life on earth is impossible. Most of us like to stand
in the shado ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w of a tree in summer. But some people are afraid of their own shadow at night. They do not want to walk in a dark street. They do not want to see the shadow, either. But still light and shadow usually go together.
1. The sentence "Light and shadow are friends" means ____.
A. the shadow produce light
B. the light usually follows the shadow
C. they usually get on well with each other
D. when we get light, we can get shadow. They are always together.
2. Light cannot shine through you because ___.
A. it is too weak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. your body stops it from traveling on
C. your body is ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll and strong D. there is a dark spot on the ground next to you
3. Your body's shadow is long because ____.
A. the sun is low in the sky in the morning or late afternoon
B. the sun is over your head
C. the sunlight is very strong at noon
D. your body stops very little light reaching the ground
4. It is ___ in the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )shadow of a tree in summer; so many people like to stay there.
A. hot B. warm C. cool D. cold
5. Which of the following is not true
A. There will be no shadow without light.
B. Shadow is produced when something stops the light from passing.
C. We produce light when we receive it.
D. Man, animals and plants have to live on sunlight.