北京市中国人民大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中英语试卷（无答案）
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| 名称 | 北京市中国人民大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中英语试卷（无答案） |  | |
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2023北京人大附中高一（下）期中
英 语
说明：本试卷共四部分，共10页，满分120分，考试间110分钟
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One of my first international trips as an adult was traveling around the Caribbean.I ___1___ my hotel in Jamaica and asked for a recommendation for a local place to eat. The receptionist told me that under no circumstances should I go into the town because it was unsanitary and posed a significant risk to safety.
I __2__ my opinions: Did I really want to spend all my time on the beach without getting to local I was a very __3__ traveler and very young, but there was only one answer to my question: Absolutely not. So out I went.
The poverty hit me in the face. After only seeing fancy resorts, the reality was __4__ to swallow. A few locals __5__ me and were super curious as to what I was doing there alone, since most tourists did not go there.! I told them I was I was interested in meeting them and experiencing their __6__ . And just like that, I was __7__ . After meeting more natives, __8__ home-made food, and dancing the night away, I realized how they wanted to make me feel welcome and they undeniably did, With having so little, they still shared it with me in a gesture of __9__.
I could not resist thinking about how tourist income __10__ sharply for big companies every year, while the local people have to be thankful if they manage to get a job that pays minimum wage. From then on, I always looked for locally owned hotels, restaurants, and shops. Sustainable development,with everything it involves, has become a motto for me and changed the very way I travel.
A.checked on B.checked into C.checked out D.checked off
A.considered B.interpreted C.perceived D.marked
A.unqualified B.impatient C.inexperienced D.disrespectful
A.difficult B.mysterious C.frightening D.confusing
A.recognized B.approached C.identified D.forgave
A.pain B.careers C.culture D.hobbies
A.visited B.respected C.praised D.embraced
A.wasting B.tasting C.stuffing D.packing
A.generosity B.integrity C.loyalty D.creativity
A.adjusts B.limits C.varies D.rises
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Recently, researchers announced that they had found tiny pieces of plastic in water samples from around the world.These pieces of plastic have been found in drinking water across the world, __11__means that we are drinking plastic every day. It is not yet clear what level of harm this __12__(cause) us in the future. Some scientists are now appealing to the governments and corporations to consider spending money __13__ the equipment and other resources that help deal with the problem.
At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-old Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage. The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist __14__ (award) a Noble Prize for her work. Since the discovery of artemisinin, millions of __15__ (life) have been saved.When thanking the Committee for the honor Tu Youyou said, "This is not only an honor for myself,but also recognition and __16__ (encourage) for all scientists in China."In 2019, she __17__(select)by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century.
The Starry Night is among Vincent van Gogh's most famous works. It was painted in June 1889 __18__ he was staying at a home for the mentally ill. __19__ makes this painting special is that Vincent did not just painted the massive circles of white and yellow __20__(race) across the sky. The stars and the moon hang bright in the night sky. Beneath this amazing sky, we see sleeping village and a dark, lonely tree.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题：每小题2分，共28分
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
When I was growing up, my family kept chickens. We always had about a dozen of them at any given time and whenever one died—taken away by hawks or foxes or by some obscure chicken illness—my father would replace the lost chicken.
He'd drive to a nearby poultry farm and return with a new chicken in a bag. The thing is, you must be very careful when introducing a new chicken to the general flock. You can't just throw it in there with the old chickens, or they will see it as an invader. What you must do instead is to slip the new bird into the chicken house in the middle of the night while the others are asleep. Place her beside the flock and walked away quietly. In the morning, when the chickens wake up, they don't notice the newcomer,thinking only,"She must have been here all the time since I didn't see her arrive."The clincher of it is,awaking within this flock, the newcomer herself doesn't even remember that she's a newcomer,thinking only,"I must have been here the whole time...”
My arrival in India does likewise.
My plane landed in Mumbai around 1:30 AM. It was December 30. I found my luggage, and then found the taxi that would take me hours hours out of the city to the Ashram, located in a remote rural village. I fell asleep on the drive through nighttime India, sometimes waking up to look out the window, where I could see thin women in saris walking alongside the road with bundles of firewood on their heads. Buses with no headlights passed us, and we passed cattle carts.The banyan trees spread their elegant roots throughout the ditches.
21.The author writes Paragraph 1 to __________ .
A.make a summary of his childhood B.tell readers about his family members
C.arouse readers' interest in the passage D.explain his purpose in writing this passage
22.What does the underlined word"flock"in Paragraph 2 mean
A.house B.group C.farm D.chicken
23.What is the author most probably going to talk about next
A.His working plans in the new place B.The uniqueness of the village culture.
C.How he quickly adjusted to local life. D.Why he traveled to Ashram in India.
B
About a quarter of the world drives on the left, and the countries that do so are mostly old British colonies(殖民地)like Australia, and Ireland. But Thailand, Indonesia and Japan have also developed this habit.
This strange phenomenon puzzles the rest of the world; however, there is a perfectly good reason. Up to the late 1700s, everybody travelled on the left side of the road because it was the sensible option for violent, feudal societies of mostly right-handed people. Soldiers with their swords under their right arms naturally passed on each other's right, and if you passed a stranger on the road, you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between you and him.
Revolutionary France, however, got rid of this practice as part of its sweeping social rethink, and thanks to Napoleon, this change was carried out all over continental Europe. Since he was left-handed, his armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent. From then on, any country colonized by the French took to driving on the right.
After the American Revolutionary War(1775-1783), the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cut all remaining links to its British colonial past. Once America became the center of the car industry, if you wanted a good reliable vehicle, you bought an American car with right-hand drive. From then on, many countries changed out of necessity.
Today, the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe, but this It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round. The last European country to convert to driving on the right was Sweden in 1967. This ironically caused a reduction in car accidents because everyone drove carefully while getting used to the new system.
24.Why did people travel on the left before the late 18th century
A.They were required to do so. B.They were mostly left-landed.
C.It was easier to cross the street. D.They could feel safer from attacks.
25.What was Napoleon's attitude about walking on the left
A.Supportive. B.Indifferent. C.Doubtful. D.Disapproving.
26.For Americans,driving on the right was a way to show _________ .
A.the connection with France was broken B.the US was no longer ruled by the UK
C.the American Revolution War had ended D.America was the center of the car industry
27.What is the main reason for UK's resistance to the European system
A.It would cost too much to change. B.Its increasing traffic accidents.
C.Its influence on the colonies D.Its fast-developing car industry.
C
In a natural disaster—a hurricane, flood, volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warming can make the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained.
On September 29, 1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall in Bilxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, Dominic Repubic, PueroRico, and several islands of the Caribbean badly with per hour. Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean.
This was a very different outcome from 1900, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct hit on Galveston, Texas, killing at east 6,000 people.
Vastly improved hurricane warnings explain the different circumstances at either end of the 20th century-residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching, while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance, allowing for extensive safety precautions.
At the same time that people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning, some residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were less satisfied.A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were predicting that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans. Because much of New Orleans lies below sea level, the city is at risk for flooding. Emergency management officials must begin evacuations well before a storm strikes. But evacuation costs money: businesses close, tourists leave, and citizens take precautionary measures.The mayor of New Orleans estimated that his city's preparations for Georges cost more than 50 million. After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs.
The different views on the early warnings for Hurricane Georges show some of the complexities related to predicting disasters. Disaster prediction is a process of providing scientific information to the government officials and other decision makers who must respond to those predictions.
28.What is the purpose of disaster prediction according to the passage
A.To identify the cause of disasters.
B.To save people's lives and property.
C.To prevent natural disasters from happening.
D.To apply advanced technology to disaster prediction.
29.The city residents of New Orleans were unsatisfied because ________ .
A.their preparations were made in vain
B.the hurricane warning arrived rather late
C.the forecast hurricane did not hit the city
D.they suffered from a heavy hurricane attack
30.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.The different ways of disaster prediction.
B.Technological advances in disaster prediction.
C.The benefits and preparations of disaster prediction.
D.The importance and uncertainty of disaster prediction.
D
Enlightening, challenging, stimulating, fun. These were some of the words that Nature readers used to describe their experiences of art-science collaborations in a series of articles on partnerships between artists and researchers... Nearly 40％of the roughly 350 people who responded to an accompanying poll (民意调查) said, they had collaborated with artists; and almost all said they would consider doing so in future.
Such an encouraging result is not surprising. Scientists are increasingly seeking out visual artists to help them to communicate their work to new audiences. “Artists help scientists reach a broader audience and make emotional connections that enhance learning,” one respondent said.
One example of how artists and scientists have together rocked the senses came last month when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra performed a reworked version of Antonio Vivaldi's The Four Seasons.They reimagined the 300-year-old score (乐谱总谱）by integrating the latest climate prediction data for each season—provided by Monash University's Climate Change Communication Research Hub. The performance was a creative call to action ahead of November's United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, UK.
But a genuine partnership must be a two-way street.Fewer artists than scientists responded to the Nature poll. However, several respondents noted that artists do not simply assist scientists with their communication requirements; nor should their work be considered only as an object of study. The alliances are most valuable when scientists and artists have a shared stake in a project, are able to jointly design it and can critique each other’s work. Such an approach can both prompt new research as well as result powerful art.
More than half a century ago, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology opened its Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS) to explore the role of technology in culture.The founders deliberately focused their projects around light—hence the "visual studies" in the name. Light was something that both artists and scientists had an interest in, and therefore could form the basis of collaboration. As science and technology progressed, and divided into more sub-disciplines, the center was simultaneously looking to a time when leading researchers could also be artists, writers and poets, and vice versa.
Nature’s poll findings suggest that this trend is as strong as ever,but to make a collaboration work,both sides need to invest time and embrace surprise and challenge.The reach of art-science collaborations needs to go beyond the necessary purpose of research communication, and participants must not fall into the trap of stereotyping each other. Artists and scientists alike are immersed in discovery and invention; challenge and critique are essential to both, too.
31.According to Paragraph 1, art-science collaborations have __________ .
A.caught the attention of critics B.received favorable responses
C.promoted academic publishing D.sparked heated public disputes
32.The reworked version of The Four Seasons is mentioned to show that __________ .
A.art can offer audiences easy access to science
B.science can help with the expression of emotions
C.art is effective in facilitating scientific innovations
D.public participation in science has a promising future
33.Some artists seem to worry about the possibility that in the art-science partnership, _________
A.their role may be underestimated B.their reputation may be damaged
C.their creativity may be restricted D.their work may misguided
34.As for CAVS, which would the author agree with
A.Its projects aimed at advancing visual studies.
B.Its founders sought to raise the status of artists.
C.It demonstrates valuable art-science cooperation.
D.It was headed alternately by artists and scientists.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people don't treat themselves very well.They break promises to themselves, eat poorly, don't get enough sleep, are self-critical or fail to take good care of their bodies.
A great technique for treating yourself better is by developing your Inner Nurturing Parent. Imagine you had a little child.You'd make every effort to keep her healthy and safe; to love and support her, to be forgiving her mistakes and her inevitable slips; and to let her know how precious and important she is.__35__ Only, in this case, you're the parent and the child.
__36__ Tell yourself, "I love you and appreciate who you are."When you do something well, give yourself a pat on the back. Say, Great job! I'm so proud of you. " When you're struggling or feeling low, be supportive by saying,"I'm here for you.You're not alone."
Take good care of yourself. A loving parent would make sure you eat right and get plenty of rest, sleep, fresh air and exercise.__37__ Practicing good self-care is an essential part of this process.
Set healthy boundaries with others.Let people know what you want and don't want.Tell them what's okay for you and what's not. If you have a friend who's always late and you end up waiting for her and feeling annoyed,tell her how you feel. __38__
Be concerned about yourself.__39__You're human and you're going to make mistakes.Don't punish or blame yourself. Reassure fort yourself. Accept yourself unconditionally.
A Cheer yourself up constantly.
B.Keep yourself healthy and fit.
C.That's what a loving parent does.
D.Send loving messages to yourself.
E.You should always regard yourself as a child.
F.A nurturing parent wouldn't let someone treat you badly.
G.Have sympathy for your humanity and your weaknesses
第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题：第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
At the 2020 Grammy Award Show, 20-year-old Lil Nas X took the stage to perform his mega-hit," Old Town Road Wearing a cowboy outfit, he was joined by some top artists. Together, they created a show-stealing moment. As he danced across the stage to thunderous applause, it was hard to believe that just a year before, few people had even heard of Lil Nas X. It had been quite the year.
Lil Nas X was born in 1999 near Atlanta,Georgia. His parents divorced when he was young, and he spent his lonely teenage years on the Internet, especially Twitter. He was always into music, but he never saw himself doing music.
That changed after high school. At 19, Lil Nas was a college dropout working at a fast-food restaurant.One night, he found a beat online that made him think of a "loner cowboy runaway" He bought the beat for $30 and built a song around it.Soon after, he released"Old Town Road". It was a strange song-a mix of hip-hop and country-and it was about to take the world by storm.
Thanks to Lil Nas's social-media promotion, Old Town Road"went viral on TikTok, racked up massive streams, and started climbing the charts. Within a few months, Lil Nas X had a great number of fans, and a deal with Columbia Records.
The spotlight brought challenges, though. Billboard pulled "Old Town Road" from the country charts. arguing that it didn't sound enough like country, a move that some criticized as having racial overtones.Then Lil Nas came out as gay-a difficult and brave decision considering that country music and hip-hop hadn't always been welcoming to gay artists.
But Lil Nas emerged stronger from the hurdles. He recruited a country singer to join him in a remix of "Old Town Road" that shot to the top of the Billboard Hot 100 and stayed there for a record-breaking 19 weeks.
Lil Nas X's unusual path to superstardom has inspired a new generation of musicians. Other rappers have since landed major record deals after promoting their music on social media. As Billy Ray Cyrus put it, think a lot of artists out there can look at this and say, "Hey man, this is a green light."
As for Lil Nas himself, he shows no signs of slowing down. He has more music on the way, and he says although his newfound fame can be overwhelming, he's enjoying the ride. "Everything lined up for this moment to take me to this place.
40.What inspired Lil Nas to create the song"Old Town Road"
41.How did Lil Nas overcome the challenges brought by the spotlight
42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.
Lil Nas says his newfound fame is so overwhelming that he wishes he had done things quite differently.
43.What personal quality do you see in Lil Nas Support your point with evidence from the text.(In about 40 words)
第二节(20分)
44.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你所在年级将于五月份组织一次赴西安的游学活动(go on cultural tour to Xi’an)。你对此很感兴趣。请给活动负责人写一封邮件，咨询更多信息，内容包括：
(1)北京到西安的交通方式：
(2)西安游学的主要内容；
(3)其它想要咨询的信息。
注意： (1)词数100左右：
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir or Madam,
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第四部分：阅读理解。（每小题2分，共20分）
A
Humans are uniquely smart among all the other species on the planet. We are capable of outstanding feats of technology and engineering. Then why are we so prone to making mistakes And why do we tend to make the same ones time and time again When Primate Psychologist Laurie Santos from the Comparative Cognition Lab at Yale University posed this question to her team, they were thinking in particular of the errors judgement which led to the recent collapse of the financial markets. Santos came to two possible answers to this question. Either humans have designed environments which are too complex for us to fully understand, or we are biologically prone to making bad decisions.
In order to test these theories, the team selected a group of Brown Capuchin monkeys. Monkeys were selected for the test because, as distant relatives of humans, they are intelligent and have the capacity to learn. However, they are not influenced by any of the technological or cultural environments which affect human decision-making. The team wanted to test whether the capuchin monkeys, when put into similar situations as humans, would make the same mistakes.
[A]Of particular interest to the scientists was whether monkeys would make the same mistakes when making financial decisions. [B]In order to find out, they had to introduce the monkeys to money. [C]The monkeys soon cottoned on, and as well as learning simple exchange techniques, were soon able to distinguish "bargains" —If one team-member offered two grapes in exchange for a metal disc and another team-member offered one grape, the monkeys chose the two-grape option.[D]Interestingly, when the data about the monkey's purchasing strategies was compared with economist's data on human behavior,there was a perfect match.
So,after establishing that the monkey market was operating effectively,the team decided to introduce some problems which humans generally get wrong. One of these issues is risk-taking. Imagine that someone gave you $1000. In addition to this$1000, you can receive either A) an additional $500 or B)someone tosses a coin and if it lands"heads"you receive an additional $1000, but if it lands"tails"you receive no more money. Of these options,most people tend to choose option A.They prefer guaranteed earnings, rather than running the risk of receiving nothing. Now imagine a second situation in which you are given $2000. Now, you can choose to either A) lose $500, leaving you with a total of $1500, or B) toss a coin; if it lands"heads"you lose nothing, but if it lands"tails"you lose $1000,leaving you with only $1000. Interestingly, when we stand to lose money, we tend to choose the more risky choice, option B. And as we know from the experience of financial investors and gamblers, it is unwise to take risks when we are on a losing streak.
So would the monkeys make the same basic error of judgement The team put them to the test by giving them similar options. In the first test, monkeys had the option of exchanging their disc for one grape and receiving one bonus grape, or exchanging the disc for one grape and sometimes receiving two bonus grapes and sometimes receiving no bonus. It turned out that monkeys, like humans, chose the less risky option in times of plenty. Then the experiment was reversed. Monkeys were offered three grapes, but in option A were only actually given two grapes. In option B, they had a fifty-fifty chance of receiving all three grapes or one grape only. The results were that monkeys, like humans, take more risks in times of loss.
The implications of this experiment are that because monkeys make the same irrational judgements that humans do, maybe human error is not a result of the complexity of our financial institutions, but is imbedded in our evolutionary history. If this is the case, our errors of judgement will be very difficult to overcome.On a more optimistic note however humans are fully capable of overcoming limitations once we have identified them . By recognizing them,we can design technologies which will help us to make better choices in future.
What was the aim of the experiment outlined above
A.To investigate where human mistakes come from.
B.To study whether monkeys could learn to use money
C.To find out whether it is better to take risks in times of loss.
D.To determine whether monkeys make more mistakes than humans
46.Where in Paragraph 3 could the sentence below be best placed
The team distributed metal discs to the monkeys,and taught them that the discs could be exchanged with team-members for food.
[A] [B] [C] [D]
47.The underlined words"cottoned on"are closest in meaning to __________ .
A.learnt B.knew C.completed D.concluded
48.Which of the following statements is the best paraphrase of the underlined sentence
On a more optimistic note however, humans are fully capable of overcoming limitations once we have identified them.
A.Hopefully,humans will soon be able to solve these problems.
B.Fortunately,humans can solve problems that we know about.
C.Luckily,humans do not have many limitations which have been identified.
D.We are happy to note that we can solve the problem which we've identified.
49.What can we learn from the passage
A.Monkeys were chosen for the test as they adapted to new surroundings quickly
B.The purchasing strategies of humans and those of the monkeys vary greatly.
C.The complexity of financial institutions causes humans to make mistakes.
D.Humans opt for the less risky alternative when resources are abundant.
B
The personal grievance provisions(个人申诉条款)of New Zealand’s Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause. Instead, dismissals must be justified.Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way.
Personal grievance procedures were designed to protect the jobs of ordinary workers from "unjustified dismissals". The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient protection for workers against arbitrary (随意的) conduct by management. Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.
But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly-paid managers and executives. As countless boards and business owners will confirm, constraining (限制) firms from firing poorly performing, high-earning managers puts a brake on productivity and overall performance. The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure, between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them. Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal.
Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary worker may be placing those jobs at risk.
If not placing jobs at risk,to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers, those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers' wages. Indeed, in a 2014 article, the Productivity Commission single out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country's poor productivity growth record.
Nor are highly-paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures.Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee,employers are more cautious about hiring new staff. This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment.And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.
Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified "high-income threshold" from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand, a 2016 Bill tried to permit firms and high-income employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime. However, the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.
50.The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to __________ .
A.free employers from certain duties B.improve traditional hiring procedures
C.protect the rights of ordinary workers D.punish questionable corporate practices
51. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that the provisions may ___________ .
A.slow down business development B.weaken managers' authority
C.affect the firms' public image D.worsen labor-management relations
52.Which of the following measures would the Productivity Commission support
A.Imposing reasonable wage restraints. B.Enforcing employment protection laws.
C.Limiting the powers of business owners. D.Dismissing poorly performing managers
53.What might be an effect of ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures
A.Highly paid managers lose their jobs. B.Employees suffer from salary cuts
C.Society sees a rise in overall well-being D.Employers need to hire new staff.
54.It can be inferred that the"high-income threshold" in Australia __________ .
A.has secured managers' earnings B.has produced undesired results
C.is beneficial to business owners D.is difficult to put into practice
英 语
说明：本试卷共四部分，共10页，满分120分，考试间110分钟
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One of my first international trips as an adult was traveling around the Caribbean.I ___1___ my hotel in Jamaica and asked for a recommendation for a local place to eat. The receptionist told me that under no circumstances should I go into the town because it was unsanitary and posed a significant risk to safety.
I __2__ my opinions: Did I really want to spend all my time on the beach without getting to local I was a very __3__ traveler and very young, but there was only one answer to my question: Absolutely not. So out I went.
The poverty hit me in the face. After only seeing fancy resorts, the reality was __4__ to swallow. A few locals __5__ me and were super curious as to what I was doing there alone, since most tourists did not go there.! I told them I was I was interested in meeting them and experiencing their __6__ . And just like that, I was __7__ . After meeting more natives, __8__ home-made food, and dancing the night away, I realized how they wanted to make me feel welcome and they undeniably did, With having so little, they still shared it with me in a gesture of __9__.
I could not resist thinking about how tourist income __10__ sharply for big companies every year, while the local people have to be thankful if they manage to get a job that pays minimum wage. From then on, I always looked for locally owned hotels, restaurants, and shops. Sustainable development,with everything it involves, has become a motto for me and changed the very way I travel.
A.checked on B.checked into C.checked out D.checked off
A.considered B.interpreted C.perceived D.marked
A.unqualified B.impatient C.inexperienced D.disrespectful
A.difficult B.mysterious C.frightening D.confusing
A.recognized B.approached C.identified D.forgave
A.pain B.careers C.culture D.hobbies
A.visited B.respected C.praised D.embraced
A.wasting B.tasting C.stuffing D.packing
A.generosity B.integrity C.loyalty D.creativity
A.adjusts B.limits C.varies D.rises
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Recently, researchers announced that they had found tiny pieces of plastic in water samples from around the world.These pieces of plastic have been found in drinking water across the world, __11__means that we are drinking plastic every day. It is not yet clear what level of harm this __12__(cause) us in the future. Some scientists are now appealing to the governments and corporations to consider spending money __13__ the equipment and other resources that help deal with the problem.
At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-old Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage. The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist __14__ (award) a Noble Prize for her work. Since the discovery of artemisinin, millions of __15__ (life) have been saved.When thanking the Committee for the honor Tu Youyou said, "This is not only an honor for myself,but also recognition and __16__ (encourage) for all scientists in China."In 2019, she __17__(select)by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century.
The Starry Night is among Vincent van Gogh's most famous works. It was painted in June 1889 __18__ he was staying at a home for the mentally ill. __19__ makes this painting special is that Vincent did not just painted the massive circles of white and yellow __20__(race) across the sky. The stars and the moon hang bright in the night sky. Beneath this amazing sky, we see sleeping village and a dark, lonely tree.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题：每小题2分，共28分
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
When I was growing up, my family kept chickens. We always had about a dozen of them at any given time and whenever one died—taken away by hawks or foxes or by some obscure chicken illness—my father would replace the lost chicken.
He'd drive to a nearby poultry farm and return with a new chicken in a bag. The thing is, you must be very careful when introducing a new chicken to the general flock. You can't just throw it in there with the old chickens, or they will see it as an invader. What you must do instead is to slip the new bird into the chicken house in the middle of the night while the others are asleep. Place her beside the flock and walked away quietly. In the morning, when the chickens wake up, they don't notice the newcomer,thinking only,"She must have been here all the time since I didn't see her arrive."The clincher of it is,awaking within this flock, the newcomer herself doesn't even remember that she's a newcomer,thinking only,"I must have been here the whole time...”
My arrival in India does likewise.
My plane landed in Mumbai around 1:30 AM. It was December 30. I found my luggage, and then found the taxi that would take me hours hours out of the city to the Ashram, located in a remote rural village. I fell asleep on the drive through nighttime India, sometimes waking up to look out the window, where I could see thin women in saris walking alongside the road with bundles of firewood on their heads. Buses with no headlights passed us, and we passed cattle carts.The banyan trees spread their elegant roots throughout the ditches.
21.The author writes Paragraph 1 to __________ .
A.make a summary of his childhood B.tell readers about his family members
C.arouse readers' interest in the passage D.explain his purpose in writing this passage
22.What does the underlined word"flock"in Paragraph 2 mean
A.house B.group C.farm D.chicken
23.What is the author most probably going to talk about next
A.His working plans in the new place B.The uniqueness of the village culture.
C.How he quickly adjusted to local life. D.Why he traveled to Ashram in India.
B
About a quarter of the world drives on the left, and the countries that do so are mostly old British colonies(殖民地)like Australia, and Ireland. But Thailand, Indonesia and Japan have also developed this habit.
This strange phenomenon puzzles the rest of the world; however, there is a perfectly good reason. Up to the late 1700s, everybody travelled on the left side of the road because it was the sensible option for violent, feudal societies of mostly right-handed people. Soldiers with their swords under their right arms naturally passed on each other's right, and if you passed a stranger on the road, you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between you and him.
Revolutionary France, however, got rid of this practice as part of its sweeping social rethink, and thanks to Napoleon, this change was carried out all over continental Europe. Since he was left-handed, his armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent. From then on, any country colonized by the French took to driving on the right.
After the American Revolutionary War(1775-1783), the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cut all remaining links to its British colonial past. Once America became the center of the car industry, if you wanted a good reliable vehicle, you bought an American car with right-hand drive. From then on, many countries changed out of necessity.
Today, the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe, but this It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round. The last European country to convert to driving on the right was Sweden in 1967. This ironically caused a reduction in car accidents because everyone drove carefully while getting used to the new system.
24.Why did people travel on the left before the late 18th century
A.They were required to do so. B.They were mostly left-landed.
C.It was easier to cross the street. D.They could feel safer from attacks.
25.What was Napoleon's attitude about walking on the left
A.Supportive. B.Indifferent. C.Doubtful. D.Disapproving.
26.For Americans,driving on the right was a way to show _________ .
A.the connection with France was broken B.the US was no longer ruled by the UK
C.the American Revolution War had ended D.America was the center of the car industry
27.What is the main reason for UK's resistance to the European system
A.It would cost too much to change. B.Its increasing traffic accidents.
C.Its influence on the colonies D.Its fast-developing car industry.
C
In a natural disaster—a hurricane, flood, volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warming can make the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained.
On September 29, 1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall in Bilxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, Dominic Repubic, PueroRico, and several islands of the Caribbean badly with per hour. Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean.
This was a very different outcome from 1900, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct hit on Galveston, Texas, killing at east 6,000 people.
Vastly improved hurricane warnings explain the different circumstances at either end of the 20th century-residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching, while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance, allowing for extensive safety precautions.
At the same time that people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning, some residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were less satisfied.A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were predicting that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans. Because much of New Orleans lies below sea level, the city is at risk for flooding. Emergency management officials must begin evacuations well before a storm strikes. But evacuation costs money: businesses close, tourists leave, and citizens take precautionary measures.The mayor of New Orleans estimated that his city's preparations for Georges cost more than 50 million. After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs.
The different views on the early warnings for Hurricane Georges show some of the complexities related to predicting disasters. Disaster prediction is a process of providing scientific information to the government officials and other decision makers who must respond to those predictions.
28.What is the purpose of disaster prediction according to the passage
A.To identify the cause of disasters.
B.To save people's lives and property.
C.To prevent natural disasters from happening.
D.To apply advanced technology to disaster prediction.
29.The city residents of New Orleans were unsatisfied because ________ .
A.their preparations were made in vain
B.the hurricane warning arrived rather late
C.the forecast hurricane did not hit the city
D.they suffered from a heavy hurricane attack
30.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.The different ways of disaster prediction.
B.Technological advances in disaster prediction.
C.The benefits and preparations of disaster prediction.
D.The importance and uncertainty of disaster prediction.
D
Enlightening, challenging, stimulating, fun. These were some of the words that Nature readers used to describe their experiences of art-science collaborations in a series of articles on partnerships between artists and researchers... Nearly 40％of the roughly 350 people who responded to an accompanying poll (民意调查) said, they had collaborated with artists; and almost all said they would consider doing so in future.
Such an encouraging result is not surprising. Scientists are increasingly seeking out visual artists to help them to communicate their work to new audiences. “Artists help scientists reach a broader audience and make emotional connections that enhance learning,” one respondent said.
One example of how artists and scientists have together rocked the senses came last month when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra performed a reworked version of Antonio Vivaldi's The Four Seasons.They reimagined the 300-year-old score (乐谱总谱）by integrating the latest climate prediction data for each season—provided by Monash University's Climate Change Communication Research Hub. The performance was a creative call to action ahead of November's United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, UK.
But a genuine partnership must be a two-way street.Fewer artists than scientists responded to the Nature poll. However, several respondents noted that artists do not simply assist scientists with their communication requirements; nor should their work be considered only as an object of study. The alliances are most valuable when scientists and artists have a shared stake in a project, are able to jointly design it and can critique each other’s work. Such an approach can both prompt new research as well as result powerful art.
More than half a century ago, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology opened its Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS) to explore the role of technology in culture.The founders deliberately focused their projects around light—hence the "visual studies" in the name. Light was something that both artists and scientists had an interest in, and therefore could form the basis of collaboration. As science and technology progressed, and divided into more sub-disciplines, the center was simultaneously looking to a time when leading researchers could also be artists, writers and poets, and vice versa.
Nature’s poll findings suggest that this trend is as strong as ever,but to make a collaboration work,both sides need to invest time and embrace surprise and challenge.The reach of art-science collaborations needs to go beyond the necessary purpose of research communication, and participants must not fall into the trap of stereotyping each other. Artists and scientists alike are immersed in discovery and invention; challenge and critique are essential to both, too.
31.According to Paragraph 1, art-science collaborations have __________ .
A.caught the attention of critics B.received favorable responses
C.promoted academic publishing D.sparked heated public disputes
32.The reworked version of The Four Seasons is mentioned to show that __________ .
A.art can offer audiences easy access to science
B.science can help with the expression of emotions
C.art is effective in facilitating scientific innovations
D.public participation in science has a promising future
33.Some artists seem to worry about the possibility that in the art-science partnership, _________
A.their role may be underestimated B.their reputation may be damaged
C.their creativity may be restricted D.their work may misguided
34.As for CAVS, which would the author agree with
A.Its projects aimed at advancing visual studies.
B.Its founders sought to raise the status of artists.
C.It demonstrates valuable art-science cooperation.
D.It was headed alternately by artists and scientists.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people don't treat themselves very well.They break promises to themselves, eat poorly, don't get enough sleep, are self-critical or fail to take good care of their bodies.
A great technique for treating yourself better is by developing your Inner Nurturing Parent. Imagine you had a little child.You'd make every effort to keep her healthy and safe; to love and support her, to be forgiving her mistakes and her inevitable slips; and to let her know how precious and important she is.__35__ Only, in this case, you're the parent and the child.
__36__ Tell yourself, "I love you and appreciate who you are."When you do something well, give yourself a pat on the back. Say, Great job! I'm so proud of you. " When you're struggling or feeling low, be supportive by saying,"I'm here for you.You're not alone."
Take good care of yourself. A loving parent would make sure you eat right and get plenty of rest, sleep, fresh air and exercise.__37__ Practicing good self-care is an essential part of this process.
Set healthy boundaries with others.Let people know what you want and don't want.Tell them what's okay for you and what's not. If you have a friend who's always late and you end up waiting for her and feeling annoyed,tell her how you feel. __38__
Be concerned about yourself.__39__You're human and you're going to make mistakes.Don't punish or blame yourself. Reassure fort yourself. Accept yourself unconditionally.
A Cheer yourself up constantly.
B.Keep yourself healthy and fit.
C.That's what a loving parent does.
D.Send loving messages to yourself.
E.You should always regard yourself as a child.
F.A nurturing parent wouldn't let someone treat you badly.
G.Have sympathy for your humanity and your weaknesses
第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题：第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
At the 2020 Grammy Award Show, 20-year-old Lil Nas X took the stage to perform his mega-hit," Old Town Road Wearing a cowboy outfit, he was joined by some top artists. Together, they created a show-stealing moment. As he danced across the stage to thunderous applause, it was hard to believe that just a year before, few people had even heard of Lil Nas X. It had been quite the year.
Lil Nas X was born in 1999 near Atlanta,Georgia. His parents divorced when he was young, and he spent his lonely teenage years on the Internet, especially Twitter. He was always into music, but he never saw himself doing music.
That changed after high school. At 19, Lil Nas was a college dropout working at a fast-food restaurant.One night, he found a beat online that made him think of a "loner cowboy runaway" He bought the beat for $30 and built a song around it.Soon after, he released"Old Town Road". It was a strange song-a mix of hip-hop and country-and it was about to take the world by storm.
Thanks to Lil Nas's social-media promotion, Old Town Road"went viral on TikTok, racked up massive streams, and started climbing the charts. Within a few months, Lil Nas X had a great number of fans, and a deal with Columbia Records.
The spotlight brought challenges, though. Billboard pulled "Old Town Road" from the country charts. arguing that it didn't sound enough like country, a move that some criticized as having racial overtones.Then Lil Nas came out as gay-a difficult and brave decision considering that country music and hip-hop hadn't always been welcoming to gay artists.
But Lil Nas emerged stronger from the hurdles. He recruited a country singer to join him in a remix of "Old Town Road" that shot to the top of the Billboard Hot 100 and stayed there for a record-breaking 19 weeks.
Lil Nas X's unusual path to superstardom has inspired a new generation of musicians. Other rappers have since landed major record deals after promoting their music on social media. As Billy Ray Cyrus put it, think a lot of artists out there can look at this and say, "Hey man, this is a green light."
As for Lil Nas himself, he shows no signs of slowing down. He has more music on the way, and he says although his newfound fame can be overwhelming, he's enjoying the ride. "Everything lined up for this moment to take me to this place.
40.What inspired Lil Nas to create the song"Old Town Road"
41.How did Lil Nas overcome the challenges brought by the spotlight
42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.
Lil Nas says his newfound fame is so overwhelming that he wishes he had done things quite differently.
43.What personal quality do you see in Lil Nas Support your point with evidence from the text.(In about 40 words)
第二节(20分)
44.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你所在年级将于五月份组织一次赴西安的游学活动(go on cultural tour to Xi’an)。你对此很感兴趣。请给活动负责人写一封邮件，咨询更多信息，内容包括：
(1)北京到西安的交通方式：
(2)西安游学的主要内容；
(3)其它想要咨询的信息。
注意： (1)词数100左右：
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir or Madam,
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第四部分：阅读理解。（每小题2分，共20分）
A
Humans are uniquely smart among all the other species on the planet. We are capable of outstanding feats of technology and engineering. Then why are we so prone to making mistakes And why do we tend to make the same ones time and time again When Primate Psychologist Laurie Santos from the Comparative Cognition Lab at Yale University posed this question to her team, they were thinking in particular of the errors judgement which led to the recent collapse of the financial markets. Santos came to two possible answers to this question. Either humans have designed environments which are too complex for us to fully understand, or we are biologically prone to making bad decisions.
In order to test these theories, the team selected a group of Brown Capuchin monkeys. Monkeys were selected for the test because, as distant relatives of humans, they are intelligent and have the capacity to learn. However, they are not influenced by any of the technological or cultural environments which affect human decision-making. The team wanted to test whether the capuchin monkeys, when put into similar situations as humans, would make the same mistakes.
[A]Of particular interest to the scientists was whether monkeys would make the same mistakes when making financial decisions. [B]In order to find out, they had to introduce the monkeys to money. [C]The monkeys soon cottoned on, and as well as learning simple exchange techniques, were soon able to distinguish "bargains" —If one team-member offered two grapes in exchange for a metal disc and another team-member offered one grape, the monkeys chose the two-grape option.[D]Interestingly, when the data about the monkey's purchasing strategies was compared with economist's data on human behavior,there was a perfect match.
So,after establishing that the monkey market was operating effectively,the team decided to introduce some problems which humans generally get wrong. One of these issues is risk-taking. Imagine that someone gave you $1000. In addition to this$1000, you can receive either A) an additional $500 or B)someone tosses a coin and if it lands"heads"you receive an additional $1000, but if it lands"tails"you receive no more money. Of these options,most people tend to choose option A.They prefer guaranteed earnings, rather than running the risk of receiving nothing. Now imagine a second situation in which you are given $2000. Now, you can choose to either A) lose $500, leaving you with a total of $1500, or B) toss a coin; if it lands"heads"you lose nothing, but if it lands"tails"you lose $1000,leaving you with only $1000. Interestingly, when we stand to lose money, we tend to choose the more risky choice, option B. And as we know from the experience of financial investors and gamblers, it is unwise to take risks when we are on a losing streak.
So would the monkeys make the same basic error of judgement The team put them to the test by giving them similar options. In the first test, monkeys had the option of exchanging their disc for one grape and receiving one bonus grape, or exchanging the disc for one grape and sometimes receiving two bonus grapes and sometimes receiving no bonus. It turned out that monkeys, like humans, chose the less risky option in times of plenty. Then the experiment was reversed. Monkeys were offered three grapes, but in option A were only actually given two grapes. In option B, they had a fifty-fifty chance of receiving all three grapes or one grape only. The results were that monkeys, like humans, take more risks in times of loss.
The implications of this experiment are that because monkeys make the same irrational judgements that humans do, maybe human error is not a result of the complexity of our financial institutions, but is imbedded in our evolutionary history. If this is the case, our errors of judgement will be very difficult to overcome.On a more optimistic note however humans are fully capable of overcoming limitations once we have identified them . By recognizing them,we can design technologies which will help us to make better choices in future.
What was the aim of the experiment outlined above
A.To investigate where human mistakes come from.
B.To study whether monkeys could learn to use money
C.To find out whether it is better to take risks in times of loss.
D.To determine whether monkeys make more mistakes than humans
46.Where in Paragraph 3 could the sentence below be best placed
The team distributed metal discs to the monkeys,and taught them that the discs could be exchanged with team-members for food.
[A] [B] [C] [D]
47.The underlined words"cottoned on"are closest in meaning to __________ .
A.learnt B.knew C.completed D.concluded
48.Which of the following statements is the best paraphrase of the underlined sentence
On a more optimistic note however, humans are fully capable of overcoming limitations once we have identified them.
A.Hopefully,humans will soon be able to solve these problems.
B.Fortunately,humans can solve problems that we know about.
C.Luckily,humans do not have many limitations which have been identified.
D.We are happy to note that we can solve the problem which we've identified.
49.What can we learn from the passage
A.Monkeys were chosen for the test as they adapted to new surroundings quickly
B.The purchasing strategies of humans and those of the monkeys vary greatly.
C.The complexity of financial institutions causes humans to make mistakes.
D.Humans opt for the less risky alternative when resources are abundant.
B
The personal grievance provisions(个人申诉条款)of New Zealand’s Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause. Instead, dismissals must be justified.Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way.
Personal grievance procedures were designed to protect the jobs of ordinary workers from "unjustified dismissals". The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient protection for workers against arbitrary (随意的) conduct by management. Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.
But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly-paid managers and executives. As countless boards and business owners will confirm, constraining (限制) firms from firing poorly performing, high-earning managers puts a brake on productivity and overall performance. The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure, between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them. Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal.
Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary worker may be placing those jobs at risk.
If not placing jobs at risk,to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers, those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers' wages. Indeed, in a 2014 article, the Productivity Commission single out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country's poor productivity growth record.
Nor are highly-paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures.Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee,employers are more cautious about hiring new staff. This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment.And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.
Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified "high-income threshold" from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand, a 2016 Bill tried to permit firms and high-income employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime. However, the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.
50.The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to __________ .
A.free employers from certain duties B.improve traditional hiring procedures
C.protect the rights of ordinary workers D.punish questionable corporate practices
51. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that the provisions may ___________ .
A.slow down business development B.weaken managers' authority
C.affect the firms' public image D.worsen labor-management relations
52.Which of the following measures would the Productivity Commission support
A.Imposing reasonable wage restraints. B.Enforcing employment protection laws.
C.Limiting the powers of business owners. D.Dismissing poorly performing managers
53.What might be an effect of ERA's unjustified dismissal procedures
A.Highly paid managers lose their jobs. B.Employees suffer from salary cuts
C.Society sees a rise in overall well-being D.Employers need to hire new staff.
54.It can be inferred that the"high-income threshold" in Australia __________ .
A.has secured managers' earnings B.has produced undesired results
C.is beneficial to business owners D.is difficult to put into practice
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