2023北京首都师大附中高一（上）期中英语（含解析 无听力音频 无听力原文）
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| 名称 | 2023北京首都师大附中高一（上）期中英语（含解析 无听力音频 无听力原文） |  | |
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2023北京首都师大附中高一（上）期中
英 语
第一部分：听力理解第一节听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1． What is the man's attitude towards the plan？
A.He doesn't care.
B.He thinks it's reasonable.
C.He is against it.
2． When did The Lion King become a prize winner？
A.In the mid 1990s
B.In the early 1990s
C.In the late 1990s
3． What does the man want the guy in apartment 4 B o do？
A.Turn off the music after 10：00 p.m.
B.Turn down the music volume.
C.Keep quiet after midnight.
4． What does the woman mean？
A.Cathy will be at the party.
B.Cathy is too busy to come.
C.Cathy isn't going to be invited.
第二节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。
5．（2分）（1）What do the two speakers intend to do first？
A.Go to a play
B.Go to an exhibition
C.Go to a movie
（2）Why doesn't Fred want to go to the concert？
A.Because the tickets are hard to get.
B.Because he isn't into that kind of music.
C.Because there is a bad review.
6．（2分）（1）Why does the woman talk to the man？
A.Because she cannot find her necklace.
B.Because she isn't satisfied with the service.
C.Because she wants to make a complaint.
（2）What will the man do next？
A.Report to the manager
B.Report to the police
C.Investigate the case
7．（2分）（1）What does the woman say about the science book？
A.It's of little value.
B.It's in bad condition.
C.It's an old edition.
（2）Why is the woman unwilling to buy more textbooks？
A.Because she isn't sure what textbooks will be used.
B.Because she doesn't have enough money to buy more.
C.Because she doesn't like books marked with notes.
8．（2分）（1）How old is the woman？
A.23
B.27
C.28
（2）What will the two speakers do tonight？
A.Have dinner together
B.Go to a movie together
C.Go to the library together
9．（2分）（1）Which of the following shows good time management？
A.Including everything in the timetable.
B.Spending more time on exercise.
C.Devoting all the time to a particular activity.
（2）What is the speaker mainly talking about？
A.The ways to manage time
B.The benefits of time management
C.The difficulty of time management
第三节听下面一段独白，完成第1至4四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置。
10．（4分）
Reading tips
Try to read at the right level ● Read something that you can understand.
Try to increase the number of your new words ● Write the new words in your notebooks when... ● Try to （1） their meanings while reading.
Try to read （2） ● Read for fifteen minutes every day.
Read what（3） you ● Choose a book or a magazine about a（4） that you like.
第二部分：知识运用第一节完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
11．（10分）
One Bite at a Time
Stephen was on campus to register when I first met him.
One summer day when I was heading for the administration building，I heard someone call my name.I （1） around and saw Philip，one of my colleagues standing with another young man.As Philip introduced me to the young man，named Stephen，he reminded him that he would be taking one of my classes，Introduction to Literature.With a somewhat （2） expression，Stephen asked if my class was going to be "hard".Would he be able to pass？I （3） he was concerned about failing before the opening day of classes.We talked about what the class would （4） and I saw Stephen's eyes getting big with fear.
Then I remembered a bit of classical dialog：
Question： "How do you eat an elephant？"
Answer： "One bite at a time."
I told him to （5） his work that way.To do his assignment，all of them，and to get them in on time.I added that most successful students I knew made a timetable of all the assignment so they could plan their workload.
As time went on，I learned more of Stephen's story.He had （6） in middle school.It had taken him longer to finish than most young people.Family members，including his mother，kept reminding him that he was a failure.Now，in the face of their negative﹣saying he had been admitted into college.He told me that before coming to our campus no one had believed he had much （7） .
Stephen didn't become an "A" student.He didn't make any honor rolls.Still，he managed to pass most of his courses by being in class every day，turning in all of his assignment on time and breaking down his studying into （8） digestible parts.By passing course after course he began to gain a measure of self﹣respect.He was a great singer and he was on the school's cross﹣country team.
Every time I saw him on campus，he would brighten up and say， "One bite at a time." Whenever he introduced me to his friends，he would tell them that he was （9） when he was supposed to be failing.His secret，he said，was that he was （10） what I taught him before classes ever started： "Take it one bite at a time."
（1） A．turned B．sat C．moved D．went
（2） A．innocent B．angry C．inspired D．pained
（3） A．sensed B．imagined C．heard D．admitted
（4） A．change B．adjust C．cover D．produce
（5） A．avoid B．continue C．present D．approach
（6） A．fitted B．hesitated C．struggled D．progressed
（7） A．experience B．information C．potential D．honor
（8） A．full﹣sized B．bite﹣sized C．pocket﹣sized D．medium﹣sized
（9） A．changing B．recovering C．concentrating D．succeeding
（10） A．spreading B．considering C．practicing D．expressing
第二节 语法填空
12．（10分）
A
It was the final sprint of a cyclo﹣cross race in Spain.Esteban，in third place，was just ahead of his competitor，Navarro，（1） only 300 meters to the end.Suddenly Esteban got a puncture，so he threw his bike over his shoulders and raced towards the finishing line.Just a few seconds later，fourth﹣placed Navarro（2） （catch） up with him.Surely，he could simply overtake Esteban and come third.But Navarro slowed down and let Esteban run ahead of him.The two cyclists reached the end with Esteban ahead on foot in third place， （3） Navarro came fourth.The audience was（4） （amaze） at his show of sportsmanship and cheered and clapped.
B
White Fang spent the first month of his life（5） （stay）in the warmth of his mother.Never moving far from her side，his whole world was the shadowy（6） （safe）of the cave.Then one day，he noticed that one wall of the cave was different.This was the cave entrance that let in a little light.As time passed，he longed（7） （go）towards that wall of light.But when he tried，his mother gave him a sharp whack on his nose.She knew he was too young to go outside.This was his first lesson—that taking risks can be painful.
C
More than just（8） visual feast，an appealing opening ceremony wowed the world on Saturday September 23rd，as President Xi Jinping declared the 19th Asian Games open.With the giant floor screen lighting the way，the athletes' parade proceeded to the melody of Our Asia，（9） was played to the pounding beat of drums built in the shape of osmanthus，the city flower of Hangzhou.During the parade，images of iconic scenic spots at Hangzhou's famous West Lake（10） （project） onto the oval﹣shaped floor screen，allowing marching athletes and spectators to enjoy the city's picturesque scenery in an immersive way.
第三部分：阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
13．（6分）
Tips for Writing a Cover Letter
If you are applying for an internship，you will likely have to submit a cover letter as part of your application.Read below for tips on writing an internship cover letter.
Use Business Letter Format
Use proper business letter format when sending a cover letter by mail.Include your contact information at the top，the date，and the contact information for the employer.Be sure to provide a proper salutation，and sign your name at the bottom.
Individualize Your Cover Letter
Make sure to write a unique cover letter for each internship for which you apply.Highlight skills and abilities you have that relate to the specific internship listing.The main emphasis of your cover letter should be convincing the reader that you will be a qualified intern.
Emphasize Your Academic Experience
In the letter，you can mention academic experience，if applicable.Especially if you have limited work experience，you might use examples from school to demonstrate that you have particular skills.For example，if the internship requires you to work as part of a team，provide an example of an assistant at the library or a successful team project you worked on during one of your college courses.
Include Extra Classroom Experiences
You can also include details about your relevant experience form extra classroom activities or volunteer work.For example，a reporter for a college newspaper can point to interviewing and writing skills；a history of volunteering at a shelter can provide an example of strong interpersonal and organizational skills.
Proofread and Edit
Be sure to thoroughly proofread your cover letter for spelling and grammar errors.Many internships are very competitive，and any error can hurt your chances of getting an interview.Also，avoid using too many words to convey your information and intention.
（1）What can you do to personalize your internship cover letter？
A．Use proper business letter format.
B．Employ more convincing expressions.
C．Promise a good performance in the internship.
D．Stress my own abilities related to the requirements.
（2）Academic experience included in the cover letter can .
A．make up for the lack of work experience
B．prove you'll be an outstanding organizer
C．show you have a good academic performance
D．multiply the chance of working on a team project
（3）According to the text，a cover letter should be .
A．emotional and simplified
B．informal and detailed
C．brief and targeted
D．academic and qualified
14．（6分）My morning routine varies little from day to day.I walk the dog，eat breakfast at the kitchen counter with Katie and Matt，and then settle in for a day at the computer.And because I work mostly from home，I have learned that little walks into the outside world are important for psychological well﹣being.So before I begin attempting to put sentences together，I walk over to a little coffee shop in my neighborhood，and chat with the folks behind the counter.
The coffee shop is on the other side of the historic Chesapeaker & Ohio Canal from my house.Whenever in season，tourists line up to take a slow boat，if not to India，at least into the 19th century.
One warm day last fall，I turned the corner to see one of the boatmen sitting alone on the boat，bathed in early﹣morning light.He was playing the violin.The scene stopped me in my tracks.What I witnessed could only be described as a perfect moment.Ten seconds at most.But months later I still remember just standing there，watching，listening，and taking it all in.
We all have such moments put before us.Little surprises.Whether we're wise enough to see them is another thing.
I thought of the violin man one Sunday afternoon while reading the biographies of those killed in the Columbia incident.The specialist Laurel Clark，talking from the shuttle a few days before it was to land，said it was blissful to see the simple unexpected wonders of space，like a sunset. "There's a flash；the whole payload bay（有效载重舱） turns this rosy pink，" she said. "It only lasts about 15 seconds，and then it's gone."
I once had a friend who had a strange habit that never stopped to amuse me，maybe because I never quite knew when she was going to spring it on me.It could come in the middle of a particularly lively dinner with old friends.Suddenly，she'd say， "Stop!I want to remember this moment." I realize now，after her death，what wise advice that is.
（1）The author goes out for a walk every day in the morning mainly because .
A．she needs to walk the dog and enjoy the fresh air
B．she considers that it is good for her physical health
C．she hates to be left alone at home when others are out
D．she benefits psychologically from contacting the outside world
（2）The underlined word "blissful" in Paragraph 5 probably means .
A．enjoyable
B．valuable
C．sensible
D．reasonable
（3）The main purpose of the passage is to tell people to .
A．develop a good habit
B．enjoy life to the fullest
C．catch the valuable moments in life
D．be willing to follow friends' advice
（4）"I" in the passage is probably a .
A．violinist
B．writer
C．tourist
D．waiter
15．（6分） Children often learn new languages more easily than adults do，but it's unclear why.Some theorize that grasping a language requires absorbing subtle patterns unconsciously and that adults' superior conscious reasoning is to blame.New research suggests that，indeed，grown﹣ups might just be too smart for their own good.
For a recent study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology：General，a group of Belgian adults at the same time read and heard strings of four made﹣up words（such as "kieng nief siet hiem"）.Specific consonants （辅音） always appeared at the beginning or end of a word if the word contained a certain vowel （元音）.Participants next read the sequences aloud quickly.Their ability to avoid mistakes doing so indicated how well they absorbed the consonant﹣vowel patterns.
But before exposure to the new words，the participants had carried out a separate test：pressing keys to react to letters and numbers.Some got a much faster，more mentally draining version of this test.Those who did the difficult version claimed greater mental exhaustion afterward—but performed better on the following language task.The researchers assume that tired learners used less conscious analysis on the word rules：they were free to learn like a child.
For a related paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA，the research team had English﹣speaking adults listen to streams of syllables （音节） secretly grouped into three﹣syllable "words." Later，they played pairs of three﹣syllable units；one word in the pair came from the stream，and one was a new combination.The participants guessed which word was familiar，then rated their confidence.
In one participant group，some had first done the original mentally draining test.In another，some had received magnetic pulses to interrupt activity in a brain area that previous research has linked to executive control.In both groups，these measures improved participants' performance on the syllable task when they were unsure about their answers，indicating unconscious analysis of speech.
Neuroscientist Michael Ullman，who was not involved in either paper，likes that both the studies added to mental burden differently and measured different skills.That's really good in science because you've got evidences pointing to the same direction，" he says，adding that he would like to see higher language skills such as grammar studied this way.
（1）The reason why some Belgians were given a more difficult test before the language task was that .
A．they would have no time to prepare for the upcoming task.
B．they would be too tired mentally to consciously analyze the rules.
C．they could have something to refer to in the following task.
D．they might compare the difficulty level of the two tasks.
（2）What can be inferred from Michael Ullman's remark？
A．The research result is not solid until grammar is included.
B．Subconscious mind remains to be explored in science.
C．The outcomes of the two researches back each other up.
D．More evidence is needed to back the claim of the two papers.
（3）Which of the following conclusions will the research team agree with？
A．Human brain processes languages in multiple ways.
B．Conscious analysis is the key to mastering a language.
C．Increasing mental health improves one's language.
D．Reducing reasoning may help to learn a language.
16．（8分） Casting blame is natural：it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself.But blame is also harmful.It makes it less likely that people will admit mistakes，and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them.Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture asks， "who dropped the ball？" instead of "where did our systems and processes fail？" The focus is on the individuals，not the processes.It's much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder，but the more beneficial，exercise of fixing the root cause，so the problem does not happen again.
The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies（缺陷）were highlighted by employees as early as possible.It originated in organizations like﹣hospitals，submarines and airlines.Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations，it's dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don't feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns that deficiencies may turn into future errors.The No Blame Culture maximizes responsibility because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement.
The National Transportation Safety Board （NTSB），which supervises air traffic across the United States，makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or legal responsibility but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat.The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no﹣blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls.The motive to learn from errors also exists when the risks are lower.That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down.
There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness.What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault？Sometimes，after all，blame is deserved.The "just culture" developed by James Reason，addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent（恶意的）will be let off the hook.The line that Britain's aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting﹣point.It promises a culture in which people "are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that go with their experience and training".That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely.
（1）According to the research published in 2015，companies that had better performance.
A．blamed external factors
B．admitted mistakes
C．conducted investigations
D．accepted failures
（2）According to the passage，the No Blame Culture .
A．encourages the early disclosure of errors
B．only exists in high reliability organizations
C．enables people to shift the blame onto others
D．prevents organizations from learning from errors
（3）What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage？
A．Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees.
B．The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear.
C．Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure.
D．People won't learn their lessons if they aren't blamed for failures.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the passage？
A．How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in Organizations
B．Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own Mistakes
C．Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at Work
D．How to Deal with Workplace Blame Culture
第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
17．（10分）
How to Turn Your Goals into Habits
First we make our habits，then our habits make us．It's such a simple concept，yet it's something we don't always do．
I believe that having ONE goal to focus on is much more powerful than having many goals．By putting the belief into practice，I have achieved a lot of personal goals over time． （1） My answer takes a little explaining．I try to turn my goals into habits，and in doing so，I put my goals on autopilot．Turning a goal into a habit means really focusing on it for at least a month．The more you can focus，the more it'll be on autopilot． （2） You'll still do it，but you only have to use minimal force to maintain it，and you can focus on your next goal or habit．
Take my marathon goal as an example．I was just starting running and had the brilliant idea to run a marathon within a year．So that was my goal． （3） First，I had to make running a daily habit．Second，I had to report to people in order to have accountability （负责） so that I could not quit easily．I focused on the daily running habit for about a month，and didn't have any other goals or habits．When the running habit stuck，I started reporting to people I knew and blogging about my running every day．
（4） I could focus on new goals without having to worry about the marathon．I still had to do the running，of course，but it didn't require constant focus． （5） I was able to achieve this because，all year long，I had daily running and accountability habits．I put my marathon goal into autopilot，so instead of struggling with it daily for an entire year，I focused on it for one month and was able to accomplish it while focusing on new habits and goals．
A．And eventually，I ran the first marathon in my life．
B．At the beginning，it was very difficult for me to achieve this goal．
C．But in order to achieve it，I broke it down into two habits．
D．With this accountability，there's no way I could stop running．
E．Once you put it on autopilot，you don't have to focus on it much．
F．My readers asked me how I was able to achieve them while working on different projects．
G．Once those two habits were established，my marathon goal was pretty much on autopilot．
第四部分：书面表达第一节阅读表达阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
18．（11分）From the cheeky sound of a whoopee cushion to a spring﹣loaded spider rocketing from a glass，pranks（恶作剧） are a popular way of making fun of others and getting a laugh.While some experts point out potential negatives，pranking can also decrease stress，raise a smile，and strengthen relationships.
It's little wonder that best﹣selling children's author Matt Stanton has shaped his latest book around pranks for young jokesters.Part of his Funny Kid book series，Prank Aliens，is about a boy named Max who is searching for the greatest prank of all time.Stanton said that pranking in the home can build strong relationships between parents and kids.
"Some of the best relationship﹣building moments I have with my own kids are when I enter into their space，" Stanton said. "An adult joining in their games can be surprising for kids and bring wonderful moments of joy.It's a great way to demonstrate to our kids that we can laugh at ourselves and still feel loved and secure，" he added.
But playing tricks can come with unintended consequences，said psychiatrist Mark Cross.Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship.However，Cross also added "Pranking can be good when the outcome is laughter for everyone，including the pranked person.It can be a great release of stress.When you laugh，you breathe deeper，which helps ease anxiety."
So why not try some pranks？Wrapping vegetables and shoes up as presents for kids on their birthdays always gets a great reaction.Putting plastic spiders in guests' drinks or placing a whoopee cushion on an unsuspecting person's chair is sure to cause a belly laugh.All these might just be good for you and everyone involved.
（1）What are the benefits of pranking？
（2）When can pranks anger the target or even ruin a relationship？
（3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
Pranking is good when everyone laughs at the pranked person，since laughter releases stress.
（4）In addition to pranking，what other ways can you use to strengthen relationships with family members？ （In about 40 words）
第二节 书面表达
19．（15分）假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim升入高中后，学业压力大，感到疲倦，你建议他通过体育锻炼来缓解压力。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
（1）推荐一项运动并说明理由；
（2）提示该项运动需做的准备。
注意：（1）词数100词左右；
（2）开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，______
Yours，
Li Hua
参考答案
第二部分：知识运用第一节完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
11．【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的"一次吃一口"的学习方法，使得一个刚入学、害怕自己课程不能合格的不自信的学生，最终取得了成功的故事。
【解答】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.turned （around）转身；B.sat坐；C.moved （around）走来走去；D.went （around）四处走动。句意：我转过身，看见我的同事菲利普和另一个年轻人站在一起。根据前文"One summer day when I was heading for the administration building，I heard someone call my name."和本句中"and saw Phillip"可知，作者听到有人叫他的名字，应该是转身过来后看到了叫他的人。故选A。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.innocent天真的；B.angry生气的；C.inspired能力卓越的；D.pained痛苦的。句意：斯蒂芬带着有点痛苦的表情问我的课会不会"难"。根据句中"Stephen asked if my class was going to be "hard""和下一句"Would he be able to pass？"可知，斯蒂芬担心课程会很难，怕自己会挂科，因此表情是有点痛苦的。故选D。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.sensed感觉到；B.imagined想象；C.heard听到；D.admitted承认。句意：我感觉到他在担心开学前会不会挂科。根据前文"With a somewhat（2）expression，Stephen asked if my class was going to be "hard".Would he be able to pass？"可知，斯蒂芬是担心课程很难，自己会挂科，所以作者也从他的话语和痛苦的表情中感觉到了他在担心。故选A。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.change改变；B.adjust调整；C.cover涉及；D.produce生产。句意：我们讨论了课程内容，我看到斯蒂芬的眼睛因恐惧而睁大。根据前文"Stephen asked if my class was going to be "hard""和本句中"I saw Stephen's eyes getting big with fear."可知，斯蒂芬担心课程会很难，所以他的眼睛因恐惧而睁大，应该是因为听到作者在和菲利普讨论课程所涉及的内容。故选C。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.avoid避免；B.continue继续；C.present呈现；D.approach应对。句意：我告诉他要这样做他的工作。根据下文"To do his assignment，all of them，and to get them in on time."可知，作者是在告诉斯蒂芬如何去应对自己的功课任务。故选D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.fitted适应；B.hesitated犹豫；C.struggled艰难行进；D.progressed进步。句意：他在中学时学得很吃力。根据下文"It had taken him longer to finish than most young people. "可知，斯蒂芬在中学的学习也是很吃力的，完成得比较艰难。故选C。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.experience经验；B.information信息；C.potential潜力；D.honor荣誉。句意：他告诉我，在来我们学校之前，没有人相信他有很大的潜力。根据前文"He had（6）in middle school."和"Family members，including his mother，kept reminding him that he was a failure."可知，他在考入这所学校之前，学习一直很吃力，家人也都认为他是个失败者，因此没人相信他有潜力。故选C。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.full﹣sized全尺寸的；B.bite﹣sized一口大小的，小块的；C.pocket﹣sized袖珍的；D.medium﹣sized中等大小的。句意：尽管如此，他还是通过了每天上课、按时交作业、把学习分成小块、容易消化的方法，通过了大部分课程。根据前文提到的作者教给他的"One bite at a time"和下文"His secret，he said，was that he was（10）what I taught him before classes ever started： "Take it one bite at a time.""可知，斯蒂芬一直坚持用作者教给他的"一次吃一口"的方法，把学习分成一口大小的、容易消化的部分，一点一点学习。故选B。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.changing变化；B.recovering康复；C.concentrating聚精会神；D.succeeding成功。句意：每当他把我介绍给他的朋友们时，他都会告诉他们，当人们以为他会失败的时候，他成功了。根据前文"By passing course after course he began to gain a measure of self﹣respect."可知，虽然很多人都以为他会失败，但他最终通过了一门又一门的考试，获得了成功。故选D。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.spreading传播；B.considering考虑；C.practicing练习；D.expressing表达。句意：他说，他的秘诀在于，他一直在练习我在开课前教他的东西："一次吃一口"。根据前文"I told him to（5）his work that way. "可知，作者教给斯蒂芬"一次吃一口"的方法是一种学习方法，是要加以练习和实践才可以取得效果的，所以斯蒂芬最终成功的秘诀就是不断练习运用这种方法。故选C。
【点评】近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
第二节 语法填空
12．【分析】这是三个片段。A 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了西班牙自行车越野赛中，排名第三的埃斯特班在距离终点仅剩下300米的时候车轮爆胎不得不跑步冲向终点，排名第四的纳瓦罗没有趁机超越，而是跟在埃斯特班之后到达终点线，展示了高尚的体育精神。B 这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述出生在寒冷多雪的阿拉斯加北国的白牙，他出生后就和母亲生活在安全的洞穴里。随着他长大，他渴望到外面的世界，但是他的母亲知道现在对于他来说，外面的世界非常的危险。C 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了19届亚运会在中国举办，介绍了亚运会开幕式上的盛况。
【解答】（1）考查介词。句意：排名第三的埃斯特班领先于他的竞争对手纳瓦罗，现在距离终点仅剩300米。空格处及其下文在句子中做伴随状语，应使用表示伴随含义的介词，with为介词，可做伴随状语，故填with。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：几秒钟后，排名第四的纳瓦罗追上了他。空格处在句子中作谓语，因句子表达的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填caught。
（3）考查让步状语从句。句意：两名自行车手到达终点，埃斯特巴以步行的方式领先，获得第三名，而纳瓦罗获得第四名。根据上文"Surely，he could simply overtake Esteban and come third. （当然，他完全可以超越埃斯特巴，获得第三名。）"可知，纳瓦罗没有趁机超越，而是跟在埃斯特班之后到达终点线，让埃斯特班拿到了第三名，而自己拿到了第四名，展示了高尚的体育精神，可推理出空格处应填表示转折和让步关系的连词，故填while。
（4）考查形容词。句意：观众对他的体育精神表现感到惊讶，欢呼鼓掌。空白处在句子中做表语表示属性，使用形容词，因修饰主语the audience，指人，使用v﹣ed形式的形容词，故填amazed。
（5）考查动名词。句意：白牙在母亲的温暖中度过了他生命的第一个月。spend time/money （in） doing sth."花费时间/金钱做某事"，用动名词作宾语。故填staying。
（6）考查不可数名词。句意：他从来没有离开过她的身边，他的整个世界都是洞穴里阴暗的安全地带。根据空前的形容词以及空后的of可知，空处需要名词。safe为形容词，其名词为safety，此处的意思为"安全处所"，为不可数名词。故填safety。
（7）考查动词不定式。句意：随着时间的流逝，他渴望走向那道光明之墙。long to do sth."渴望做某事"，动词不定式作宾语。故填to go。
（8）考查冠词。句意：9月23日星期六，当习近平主席宣布第19届亚运会开幕时，一场吸引人的开幕式不仅仅是一场视觉盛宴，还震惊了世界。此处表示亚运会的开幕式不仅仅是"一场视觉的盛宴"，所以空处需要不定冠词。空后的单词为辅音音素开始的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
（9）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在巨大的落地大屏幕的照明下，运动员的入场式在"我们的亚洲"的旋律下进行，"我们的亚洲"伴随着以杭州市花桂树形状建造的鼓点的敲击声而进行。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Our Asia，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（10）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：入场式期间，著名的杭州西湖景点的图像被投射到椭圆形的地板屏幕上，让行进的运动员和观众以身临其境的方式欣赏城市如画的风景。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处是在介绍亚运会开幕式的场景，所以时态为一般过去时。主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系。综上所述，该句话用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词使用were。故填were projected。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的词汇和语法知识。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握语言点及一些语法知识。
第三部分：阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
13．【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了写求职信的小建议。
【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第三段Hightlight skills and abilities you have that relate to the specific internship listing.突出你所拥有的与实习相关的技能和能力。可知，如果想要个性化你的实习求职信，你应该突出自己的技能和能力，故选D.
（2）A.推理判断题。根据第四段Especially if you have limited work experience，you might use examples from school to demonstrate that you have particular skills.特别是如果你的工作经验有限，你可以用学校里的例子来证明你有特殊的技能。可知，学术经历的罗列能够弥补工作经验的缺少，故选A.
（3）C.推理判断题。根据第五、六段You can also include details about your relevant experience form extra classroom activities or volunteer work.你的经历能够显示你所具有的技能，暗示了写求职信应该有针对性；第六段Be sure to thoroughly proofread（校对） your cover letter for spelling and grammar errors.要对你的求职信进行校对和修改，并且尽量简洁明了。可知，一份好的求职信应该简洁且有针对性，A.emotional and simplified情感化和简单化；B.informal and detailed非正式和详细的；C.brief and targeted简短而有针对性的；D.academic and qualified学术和合格的，故选C.
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
14．【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的切身经历告诉人们要抓住生命中有价值的时刻。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段的And because I work mostly from home，I have learned that little walks into the outside world are important for psychological well﹣being（因为我大部分时间都在家工作，我了解到去外面的世界散一会儿步对心理健康很重要），可知作者每天早上出去散步，主要是因为她可以从心理上受益于与外界的接触，故选D。
（2）词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的…to see the simple unexpected wonders of space，like a sunset（看到太空中意想不到的简单奇观，就像日落一样）可猜测blissful为"幸福的；令人愉快的"意思，A．enjoyable令人愉快的；B．valuable有价值的；C．sensible明智的；D．reasonable合理的，故选A。
（3）推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段的Suddenly，she'd say， "Stop!I want to remember this moment." I realize now，after her death，what wise advice that is（突然，她会说："停！我要记住这一刻。"她死后，我才意识到这是多么明智的建议），可知这篇文章的主要目的是告诉人们要抓住生命中有价值的时刻。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据第一段的So before I begin attempting to put sentences together，I walk over to a little coffee shop in my neighborhood，and chat with the folks behind the counter（因此，在我开始尝试把句子组合起来之前，我会走到我家附近的一家小咖啡店，和柜台后面的人聊天），可推断，文章中的"我"可能是一个作家。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
15．【分析】本文是一篇说明文。儿童通常比成人更容易学习新语言，但原因尚不清楚。一些理论认为，掌握一门语言需要无意识地吸收微妙的模式，而成年人优越的有意识推理能力是罪魁祸首。新的研究表明，事实上成年人可能只是太聪明了。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段The researchers assume that tired learners used less conscious analysis on the word rules：they were free to learn like a child. （研究人员认为，疲惫的学习者对单词规则的有意识分析较少：他们可以像孩子一样自由地学习）可知，一些比利时人在语言测试前要做一个难度更高的测试，原因是成年人在精神上太累了，无法有意识地分析规则，所以可以像孩子一样自由学习。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据最后一段Neuroscientist Michael Ullman，who was not involved in either paper，likes that both the studies added to mental burden differently and measured different skills. "That's really good in science because you've got evidences pointing to the same direction，" he says， （没有参与这两篇论文的神经学家迈克尔 乌尔曼（Michael Ullman）认为，他喜欢这两项研究以不同的方式增加了精神负担，并测量了不同的技能。"这在科学上真的很好，因为你有证据指向同一个方向，"他说）可知，根据Michael Ullman的评论，可以推断出这两项研究的结果相互支持。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第一段Some theorize that grasping a language requires absorbing subtle patterns unconsciously and that adults' superior conscious reasoning is to blame.（一些理论认为，掌握一门语言需要无意识地吸收微妙的模式，而成年人的超意识推理是罪魁祸首）以及第三段The researchers assume that tired learners used less conscious analysis on the word rules：they were free to learn like a child. （研究人员认为，疲惫的学习者对单词规则的有意识分析较少：他们可以像孩子一样自由地学习）可知，推理会导致人们对单词规则进行有意识地分析，不利于语言学习，即减少推理可能有助于学习一门语言。选项D．Reducing reasoning may help to learn a language.（减少推理可能有助于学习一门语言）符合题意。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16．【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了职场中"责怪文化"的弊端及引进"无过错文化"的好处及担忧。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段"Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.（2015年发表的一项研究表明，那些经理人把失败归咎于外部因素的公司，其表现不如那些把失败归咎于自己的公司。）"可知，进行自我责备、承认自己失误的公司有更好的业绩，故选B项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段"The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies （缺陷） were highlighted by employees as early as possible.（引入"无过错文化"是为了确保员工尽早强调错误和不足。）"可知，引入"无过错文化"的目的是为了确保早发现错误，故选A项。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段"There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness.What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault？（人们显然对接受无可指责感到担忧。如果网站一直崩溃，而罪魁祸首是同一个人，该怎么办？）"可知，对无可指责感到担忧是因为人们担心如果不把失败归咎于人们，他们就不会吸取教训，A．Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees.因错误而受到指责会破坏对员工的信任；B．The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear.诚实的错误和其他类型的错误之间的界限并不明确；C．Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure.无辜的人可能会承认自己的失败而承担责任；D．People won't learn their lessons if they aren't blamed for failures.如果人们不因失败而受到责备，他们就不会吸取教训。故选D项。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段第二句"But blame is also harmful.It makes it less likely that people will admit mistakes，and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them.（但是责备也是有害的，这使得人们不太可能承认错误，因此组织也不太可能从中吸取教训）"及第二段第一句"Blame culture asks， "who dropped the ball？" instead of "where did our systems and processes fail？" The focus is on the individuals，not the processes.（责备文化问，"谁丢了球？"而不是"我们的系统和流程在哪里失败了？"重点是个人，而不是流程。）"以及第三段"The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies（缺陷）were highlighted by employees as early as possible.（引入"无过错文化"是为了确保员工尽早强调错误和不足。）"可知文章前两段主要论述了职场中"责怪文化"的弊端，并结合下文对"无过错文化"好处的论述可知，文章主要分析了职场中应该停止"责怪文化"的原因，并引进"无过错文化"，C项"为什么我们应该停止工作中的指责文化"适合做文章标题，故选C项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
17．【分析】本文为夹叙夹议文．作者通过自己跑马拉松的经历介绍怎样将目标变成习惯．
【解答】（1）F．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据上文"My answer takes a little explaining．" 我的回答需要一点解释．说明上文和ask有关，F项My readers asked me how I was able to achieve them while working on different projects．我的读者问我如何能够在完成不同的项目时实现这些目标．和下文衔接．故选F．
（2）E．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据上文"The more you can focus，the more it'll be on autopilot．"你关注投入得越多，它就越能接近于自动驾驶仪．这句话中的focus和autopilot都可以说明下文我Once you put it on autopilot，you don't have to focus on it much．一旦你把它放在自动驾驶仪上，你就不必太关注它了．故选E．
（3）C．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据下文"First，I had to make running a daily habit．Second，I h ad to report to people in order to have accountability （负责） so that I could not quit easily．"首先，我必须养成每天跑步的习惯．第二，为了有责任感，我不得不向别人报告，这样我就不会轻易放弃．说明作者将目标分解成两个：But in order to achieve it，I broke it down into two habits．故选C．
（4）G．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据下文"I could focus on new goals without having to worry about the marathon．" 我可以专注于新的目标，而不用担心马拉松．说明上文是：Once those two habits were established，my marathon goal was pretty much on autopilot．一旦养成了这两种习惯，我的马拉松目标就几乎是自动驾驶了．故选G．
（5）A．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据下文"I was able to achieve this because，all year long，I had daily running and accountability habits．"我能够做到这一点是因为，一年到头我都有日常跑步和负责制的习惯．说明上文是And eventually，I ran the first marathon in my life．最终我跑了人生第一个马拉松．故选A．
【点评】本题为七选五阅读理解．通读全文，了解七个选项的意思，并分析上下文，注意干扰项．
第四部分：书面表达第一节阅读表达阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
18．【分析】本文讲述了恶作剧是一种取笑他人并获得笑声的流行方式。虽然一些专家指出了潜在的负面影响，但恶作剧也可以减轻压力，微笑，加强人际关系。
【解答】（1）Pranking can decrease stress，raise a smile，and strengthen relationships.细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句"While some experts point out potential negatives，pranking can also decrease stress，raise a smile，and strengthen relationships."（虽然一些专家指出了潜在的负面影响，但恶作剧也可以减轻压力，微笑，加强人际关系。）可知，虽然恶作剧有负面影响，但也有很多好处。故答案为Pranking can decrease stress，raise a smile，and strengthen relationships。
（2）Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship.细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句"Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship"（旨在伤害或尴尬的恶作剧会激怒目标，甚至毁掉一段关系。）结合本题问题When can pranks anger the target or even ruin a relationship？（什么时候恶作剧会激怒目标，甚至毁掉一段感情？），故答案为Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship。
（3）This part"when everyone laughs at the pranked person"is false.Because Prankng is good when the pranked person also thought that the outcome is laughter.细节理解题。根据第四段的第三句"However，Cross also added "Pranking can be good when the outcome is laughter for everyone，including the pranked person."（然而，克罗斯还补充道："恶作剧可能是好事，因为恶作剧的结果是每个人都会笑，包括被恶作剧的人。"）可知，题中所给的句子：Pranking is good whn everyone laughs at the pranked person，since laughter releases stress.（当每个人都嘲笑恶作剧的人时，恶作剧是好的，因为笑可以释放压力。）原文中讲述的是连被恶搞的人也会笑，这才能体现恶作剧的积极好处，而不是题中所说的每一个人都去笑被恶搞的人，不去顾及被恶搞人的感受，故填This part"when everyone laughs at the pranked person"is false.Because Prankng is good when the pranked person also thought that the outcome is laughter。
（4）1.Communicating effectively is the most important tool in a good relationship；2 For any healthy relationship it is important to take time to celebrate the occasions in your life.思维开放题。参考本文所给出的放松方式，合情合理地给出两条建议，故填Communicating effectively is the most important tool in a good relationship；2 For any healthy relationship it is important to take time to celebrate the occasions in your life。
【点评】阅读表达，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，根据短文后的题目，在文中找到相关的内容，并用简洁、准确的句子，将理解的内容，书面表达出来。做题时，注意表达的内容不要超出规定的字数。
第二节 书面表达
19．【分析】高分句型一：So you don't have to worry too much as long as you can deal with it in a proper way.
译文：所以你不必太担心，只要你能以适当的方式处理它。
分析：这句话使用了as long as引导的条件状语从句。
高分句型二：The last is that you had better swim with some friends.
译文：最后，你最好和一些朋友一起游泳。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的表语从句。
【解答】Dear Jim，
I'm sorry to hear that you're having such a hard time at present.As senior high school students，it's normal for us to feel anxious and worn out once in a while because we are under great pressure with our studies.So you don't have to worry too much as long as you can deal with it in a proper way.【高分句型一】（写信目的）
Personally，I think the best way to relieve stress is physical exercise and swimming is one of the best sports，which can not only make me feel relaxed，but also stay healthy and strong，so I advise you to swim regularly.（推荐一项运动并说明理由）
Before going to swim，we should pay attention to three points.The first is to make your body in a better state.The second is that do not eat too much.The last is that you had better swim with some friends.【高分句型二】These can help you stay safe and enjoy yourself.（提示该项运动需做的准备）
I hope you can get better soon.（希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
英 语
第一部分：听力理解第一节听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1． What is the man's attitude towards the plan？
A.He doesn't care.
B.He thinks it's reasonable.
C.He is against it.
2． When did The Lion King become a prize winner？
A.In the mid 1990s
B.In the early 1990s
C.In the late 1990s
3． What does the man want the guy in apartment 4 B o do？
A.Turn off the music after 10：00 p.m.
B.Turn down the music volume.
C.Keep quiet after midnight.
4． What does the woman mean？
A.Cathy will be at the party.
B.Cathy is too busy to come.
C.Cathy isn't going to be invited.
第二节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。
5．（2分）（1）What do the two speakers intend to do first？
A.Go to a play
B.Go to an exhibition
C.Go to a movie
（2）Why doesn't Fred want to go to the concert？
A.Because the tickets are hard to get.
B.Because he isn't into that kind of music.
C.Because there is a bad review.
6．（2分）（1）Why does the woman talk to the man？
A.Because she cannot find her necklace.
B.Because she isn't satisfied with the service.
C.Because she wants to make a complaint.
（2）What will the man do next？
A.Report to the manager
B.Report to the police
C.Investigate the case
7．（2分）（1）What does the woman say about the science book？
A.It's of little value.
B.It's in bad condition.
C.It's an old edition.
（2）Why is the woman unwilling to buy more textbooks？
A.Because she isn't sure what textbooks will be used.
B.Because she doesn't have enough money to buy more.
C.Because she doesn't like books marked with notes.
8．（2分）（1）How old is the woman？
A.23
B.27
C.28
（2）What will the two speakers do tonight？
A.Have dinner together
B.Go to a movie together
C.Go to the library together
9．（2分）（1）Which of the following shows good time management？
A.Including everything in the timetable.
B.Spending more time on exercise.
C.Devoting all the time to a particular activity.
（2）What is the speaker mainly talking about？
A.The ways to manage time
B.The benefits of time management
C.The difficulty of time management
第三节听下面一段独白，完成第1至4四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置。
10．（4分）
Reading tips
Try to read at the right level ● Read something that you can understand.
Try to increase the number of your new words ● Write the new words in your notebooks when... ● Try to （1） their meanings while reading.
Try to read （2） ● Read for fifteen minutes every day.
Read what（3） you ● Choose a book or a magazine about a（4） that you like.
第二部分：知识运用第一节完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
11．（10分）
One Bite at a Time
Stephen was on campus to register when I first met him.
One summer day when I was heading for the administration building，I heard someone call my name.I （1） around and saw Philip，one of my colleagues standing with another young man.As Philip introduced me to the young man，named Stephen，he reminded him that he would be taking one of my classes，Introduction to Literature.With a somewhat （2） expression，Stephen asked if my class was going to be "hard".Would he be able to pass？I （3） he was concerned about failing before the opening day of classes.We talked about what the class would （4） and I saw Stephen's eyes getting big with fear.
Then I remembered a bit of classical dialog：
Question： "How do you eat an elephant？"
Answer： "One bite at a time."
I told him to （5） his work that way.To do his assignment，all of them，and to get them in on time.I added that most successful students I knew made a timetable of all the assignment so they could plan their workload.
As time went on，I learned more of Stephen's story.He had （6） in middle school.It had taken him longer to finish than most young people.Family members，including his mother，kept reminding him that he was a failure.Now，in the face of their negative﹣saying he had been admitted into college.He told me that before coming to our campus no one had believed he had much （7） .
Stephen didn't become an "A" student.He didn't make any honor rolls.Still，he managed to pass most of his courses by being in class every day，turning in all of his assignment on time and breaking down his studying into （8） digestible parts.By passing course after course he began to gain a measure of self﹣respect.He was a great singer and he was on the school's cross﹣country team.
Every time I saw him on campus，he would brighten up and say， "One bite at a time." Whenever he introduced me to his friends，he would tell them that he was （9） when he was supposed to be failing.His secret，he said，was that he was （10） what I taught him before classes ever started： "Take it one bite at a time."
（1） A．turned B．sat C．moved D．went
（2） A．innocent B．angry C．inspired D．pained
（3） A．sensed B．imagined C．heard D．admitted
（4） A．change B．adjust C．cover D．produce
（5） A．avoid B．continue C．present D．approach
（6） A．fitted B．hesitated C．struggled D．progressed
（7） A．experience B．information C．potential D．honor
（8） A．full﹣sized B．bite﹣sized C．pocket﹣sized D．medium﹣sized
（9） A．changing B．recovering C．concentrating D．succeeding
（10） A．spreading B．considering C．practicing D．expressing
第二节 语法填空
12．（10分）
A
It was the final sprint of a cyclo﹣cross race in Spain.Esteban，in third place，was just ahead of his competitor，Navarro，（1） only 300 meters to the end.Suddenly Esteban got a puncture，so he threw his bike over his shoulders and raced towards the finishing line.Just a few seconds later，fourth﹣placed Navarro（2） （catch） up with him.Surely，he could simply overtake Esteban and come third.But Navarro slowed down and let Esteban run ahead of him.The two cyclists reached the end with Esteban ahead on foot in third place， （3） Navarro came fourth.The audience was（4） （amaze） at his show of sportsmanship and cheered and clapped.
B
White Fang spent the first month of his life（5） （stay）in the warmth of his mother.Never moving far from her side，his whole world was the shadowy（6） （safe）of the cave.Then one day，he noticed that one wall of the cave was different.This was the cave entrance that let in a little light.As time passed，he longed（7） （go）towards that wall of light.But when he tried，his mother gave him a sharp whack on his nose.She knew he was too young to go outside.This was his first lesson—that taking risks can be painful.
C
More than just（8） visual feast，an appealing opening ceremony wowed the world on Saturday September 23rd，as President Xi Jinping declared the 19th Asian Games open.With the giant floor screen lighting the way，the athletes' parade proceeded to the melody of Our Asia，（9） was played to the pounding beat of drums built in the shape of osmanthus，the city flower of Hangzhou.During the parade，images of iconic scenic spots at Hangzhou's famous West Lake（10） （project） onto the oval﹣shaped floor screen，allowing marching athletes and spectators to enjoy the city's picturesque scenery in an immersive way.
第三部分：阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
13．（6分）
Tips for Writing a Cover Letter
If you are applying for an internship，you will likely have to submit a cover letter as part of your application.Read below for tips on writing an internship cover letter.
Use Business Letter Format
Use proper business letter format when sending a cover letter by mail.Include your contact information at the top，the date，and the contact information for the employer.Be sure to provide a proper salutation，and sign your name at the bottom.
Individualize Your Cover Letter
Make sure to write a unique cover letter for each internship for which you apply.Highlight skills and abilities you have that relate to the specific internship listing.The main emphasis of your cover letter should be convincing the reader that you will be a qualified intern.
Emphasize Your Academic Experience
In the letter，you can mention academic experience，if applicable.Especially if you have limited work experience，you might use examples from school to demonstrate that you have particular skills.For example，if the internship requires you to work as part of a team，provide an example of an assistant at the library or a successful team project you worked on during one of your college courses.
Include Extra Classroom Experiences
You can also include details about your relevant experience form extra classroom activities or volunteer work.For example，a reporter for a college newspaper can point to interviewing and writing skills；a history of volunteering at a shelter can provide an example of strong interpersonal and organizational skills.
Proofread and Edit
Be sure to thoroughly proofread your cover letter for spelling and grammar errors.Many internships are very competitive，and any error can hurt your chances of getting an interview.Also，avoid using too many words to convey your information and intention.
（1）What can you do to personalize your internship cover letter？
A．Use proper business letter format.
B．Employ more convincing expressions.
C．Promise a good performance in the internship.
D．Stress my own abilities related to the requirements.
（2）Academic experience included in the cover letter can .
A．make up for the lack of work experience
B．prove you'll be an outstanding organizer
C．show you have a good academic performance
D．multiply the chance of working on a team project
（3）According to the text，a cover letter should be .
A．emotional and simplified
B．informal and detailed
C．brief and targeted
D．academic and qualified
14．（6分）My morning routine varies little from day to day.I walk the dog，eat breakfast at the kitchen counter with Katie and Matt，and then settle in for a day at the computer.And because I work mostly from home，I have learned that little walks into the outside world are important for psychological well﹣being.So before I begin attempting to put sentences together，I walk over to a little coffee shop in my neighborhood，and chat with the folks behind the counter.
The coffee shop is on the other side of the historic Chesapeaker & Ohio Canal from my house.Whenever in season，tourists line up to take a slow boat，if not to India，at least into the 19th century.
One warm day last fall，I turned the corner to see one of the boatmen sitting alone on the boat，bathed in early﹣morning light.He was playing the violin.The scene stopped me in my tracks.What I witnessed could only be described as a perfect moment.Ten seconds at most.But months later I still remember just standing there，watching，listening，and taking it all in.
We all have such moments put before us.Little surprises.Whether we're wise enough to see them is another thing.
I thought of the violin man one Sunday afternoon while reading the biographies of those killed in the Columbia incident.The specialist Laurel Clark，talking from the shuttle a few days before it was to land，said it was blissful to see the simple unexpected wonders of space，like a sunset. "There's a flash；the whole payload bay（有效载重舱） turns this rosy pink，" she said. "It only lasts about 15 seconds，and then it's gone."
I once had a friend who had a strange habit that never stopped to amuse me，maybe because I never quite knew when she was going to spring it on me.It could come in the middle of a particularly lively dinner with old friends.Suddenly，she'd say， "Stop!I want to remember this moment." I realize now，after her death，what wise advice that is.
（1）The author goes out for a walk every day in the morning mainly because .
A．she needs to walk the dog and enjoy the fresh air
B．she considers that it is good for her physical health
C．she hates to be left alone at home when others are out
D．she benefits psychologically from contacting the outside world
（2）The underlined word "blissful" in Paragraph 5 probably means .
A．enjoyable
B．valuable
C．sensible
D．reasonable
（3）The main purpose of the passage is to tell people to .
A．develop a good habit
B．enjoy life to the fullest
C．catch the valuable moments in life
D．be willing to follow friends' advice
（4）"I" in the passage is probably a .
A．violinist
B．writer
C．tourist
D．waiter
15．（6分） Children often learn new languages more easily than adults do，but it's unclear why.Some theorize that grasping a language requires absorbing subtle patterns unconsciously and that adults' superior conscious reasoning is to blame.New research suggests that，indeed，grown﹣ups might just be too smart for their own good.
For a recent study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology：General，a group of Belgian adults at the same time read and heard strings of four made﹣up words（such as "kieng nief siet hiem"）.Specific consonants （辅音） always appeared at the beginning or end of a word if the word contained a certain vowel （元音）.Participants next read the sequences aloud quickly.Their ability to avoid mistakes doing so indicated how well they absorbed the consonant﹣vowel patterns.
But before exposure to the new words，the participants had carried out a separate test：pressing keys to react to letters and numbers.Some got a much faster，more mentally draining version of this test.Those who did the difficult version claimed greater mental exhaustion afterward—but performed better on the following language task.The researchers assume that tired learners used less conscious analysis on the word rules：they were free to learn like a child.
For a related paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA，the research team had English﹣speaking adults listen to streams of syllables （音节） secretly grouped into three﹣syllable "words." Later，they played pairs of three﹣syllable units；one word in the pair came from the stream，and one was a new combination.The participants guessed which word was familiar，then rated their confidence.
In one participant group，some had first done the original mentally draining test.In another，some had received magnetic pulses to interrupt activity in a brain area that previous research has linked to executive control.In both groups，these measures improved participants' performance on the syllable task when they were unsure about their answers，indicating unconscious analysis of speech.
Neuroscientist Michael Ullman，who was not involved in either paper，likes that both the studies added to mental burden differently and measured different skills.That's really good in science because you've got evidences pointing to the same direction，" he says，adding that he would like to see higher language skills such as grammar studied this way.
（1）The reason why some Belgians were given a more difficult test before the language task was that .
A．they would have no time to prepare for the upcoming task.
B．they would be too tired mentally to consciously analyze the rules.
C．they could have something to refer to in the following task.
D．they might compare the difficulty level of the two tasks.
（2）What can be inferred from Michael Ullman's remark？
A．The research result is not solid until grammar is included.
B．Subconscious mind remains to be explored in science.
C．The outcomes of the two researches back each other up.
D．More evidence is needed to back the claim of the two papers.
（3）Which of the following conclusions will the research team agree with？
A．Human brain processes languages in multiple ways.
B．Conscious analysis is the key to mastering a language.
C．Increasing mental health improves one's language.
D．Reducing reasoning may help to learn a language.
16．（8分） Casting blame is natural：it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself.But blame is also harmful.It makes it less likely that people will admit mistakes，and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them.Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture asks， "who dropped the ball？" instead of "where did our systems and processes fail？" The focus is on the individuals，not the processes.It's much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder，but the more beneficial，exercise of fixing the root cause，so the problem does not happen again.
The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies（缺陷）were highlighted by employees as early as possible.It originated in organizations like﹣hospitals，submarines and airlines.Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations，it's dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don't feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns that deficiencies may turn into future errors.The No Blame Culture maximizes responsibility because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement.
The National Transportation Safety Board （NTSB），which supervises air traffic across the United States，makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or legal responsibility but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat.The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no﹣blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls.The motive to learn from errors also exists when the risks are lower.That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down.
There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness.What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault？Sometimes，after all，blame is deserved.The "just culture" developed by James Reason，addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent（恶意的）will be let off the hook.The line that Britain's aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting﹣point.It promises a culture in which people "are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that go with their experience and training".That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely.
（1）According to the research published in 2015，companies that had better performance.
A．blamed external factors
B．admitted mistakes
C．conducted investigations
D．accepted failures
（2）According to the passage，the No Blame Culture .
A．encourages the early disclosure of errors
B．only exists in high reliability organizations
C．enables people to shift the blame onto others
D．prevents organizations from learning from errors
（3）What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage？
A．Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees.
B．The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear.
C．Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure.
D．People won't learn their lessons if they aren't blamed for failures.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the passage？
A．How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in Organizations
B．Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own Mistakes
C．Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at Work
D．How to Deal with Workplace Blame Culture
第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
17．（10分）
How to Turn Your Goals into Habits
First we make our habits，then our habits make us．It's such a simple concept，yet it's something we don't always do．
I believe that having ONE goal to focus on is much more powerful than having many goals．By putting the belief into practice，I have achieved a lot of personal goals over time． （1） My answer takes a little explaining．I try to turn my goals into habits，and in doing so，I put my goals on autopilot．Turning a goal into a habit means really focusing on it for at least a month．The more you can focus，the more it'll be on autopilot． （2） You'll still do it，but you only have to use minimal force to maintain it，and you can focus on your next goal or habit．
Take my marathon goal as an example．I was just starting running and had the brilliant idea to run a marathon within a year．So that was my goal． （3） First，I had to make running a daily habit．Second，I had to report to people in order to have accountability （负责） so that I could not quit easily．I focused on the daily running habit for about a month，and didn't have any other goals or habits．When the running habit stuck，I started reporting to people I knew and blogging about my running every day．
（4） I could focus on new goals without having to worry about the marathon．I still had to do the running，of course，but it didn't require constant focus． （5） I was able to achieve this because，all year long，I had daily running and accountability habits．I put my marathon goal into autopilot，so instead of struggling with it daily for an entire year，I focused on it for one month and was able to accomplish it while focusing on new habits and goals．
A．And eventually，I ran the first marathon in my life．
B．At the beginning，it was very difficult for me to achieve this goal．
C．But in order to achieve it，I broke it down into two habits．
D．With this accountability，there's no way I could stop running．
E．Once you put it on autopilot，you don't have to focus on it much．
F．My readers asked me how I was able to achieve them while working on different projects．
G．Once those two habits were established，my marathon goal was pretty much on autopilot．
第四部分：书面表达第一节阅读表达阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
18．（11分）From the cheeky sound of a whoopee cushion to a spring﹣loaded spider rocketing from a glass，pranks（恶作剧） are a popular way of making fun of others and getting a laugh.While some experts point out potential negatives，pranking can also decrease stress，raise a smile，and strengthen relationships.
It's little wonder that best﹣selling children's author Matt Stanton has shaped his latest book around pranks for young jokesters.Part of his Funny Kid book series，Prank Aliens，is about a boy named Max who is searching for the greatest prank of all time.Stanton said that pranking in the home can build strong relationships between parents and kids.
"Some of the best relationship﹣building moments I have with my own kids are when I enter into their space，" Stanton said. "An adult joining in their games can be surprising for kids and bring wonderful moments of joy.It's a great way to demonstrate to our kids that we can laugh at ourselves and still feel loved and secure，" he added.
But playing tricks can come with unintended consequences，said psychiatrist Mark Cross.Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship.However，Cross also added "Pranking can be good when the outcome is laughter for everyone，including the pranked person.It can be a great release of stress.When you laugh，you breathe deeper，which helps ease anxiety."
So why not try some pranks？Wrapping vegetables and shoes up as presents for kids on their birthdays always gets a great reaction.Putting plastic spiders in guests' drinks or placing a whoopee cushion on an unsuspecting person's chair is sure to cause a belly laugh.All these might just be good for you and everyone involved.
（1）What are the benefits of pranking？
（2）When can pranks anger the target or even ruin a relationship？
（3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
Pranking is good when everyone laughs at the pranked person，since laughter releases stress.
（4）In addition to pranking，what other ways can you use to strengthen relationships with family members？ （In about 40 words）
第二节 书面表达
19．（15分）假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim升入高中后，学业压力大，感到疲倦，你建议他通过体育锻炼来缓解压力。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
（1）推荐一项运动并说明理由；
（2）提示该项运动需做的准备。
注意：（1）词数100词左右；
（2）开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，______
Yours，
Li Hua
参考答案
第二部分：知识运用第一节完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
11．【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的"一次吃一口"的学习方法，使得一个刚入学、害怕自己课程不能合格的不自信的学生，最终取得了成功的故事。
【解答】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.turned （around）转身；B.sat坐；C.moved （around）走来走去；D.went （around）四处走动。句意：我转过身，看见我的同事菲利普和另一个年轻人站在一起。根据前文"One summer day when I was heading for the administration building，I heard someone call my name."和本句中"and saw Phillip"可知，作者听到有人叫他的名字，应该是转身过来后看到了叫他的人。故选A。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.innocent天真的；B.angry生气的；C.inspired能力卓越的；D.pained痛苦的。句意：斯蒂芬带着有点痛苦的表情问我的课会不会"难"。根据句中"Stephen asked if my class was going to be "hard""和下一句"Would he be able to pass？"可知，斯蒂芬担心课程会很难，怕自己会挂科，因此表情是有点痛苦的。故选D。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.sensed感觉到；B.imagined想象；C.heard听到；D.admitted承认。句意：我感觉到他在担心开学前会不会挂科。根据前文"With a somewhat（2）expression，Stephen asked if my class was going to be "hard".Would he be able to pass？"可知，斯蒂芬是担心课程很难，自己会挂科，所以作者也从他的话语和痛苦的表情中感觉到了他在担心。故选A。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.change改变；B.adjust调整；C.cover涉及；D.produce生产。句意：我们讨论了课程内容，我看到斯蒂芬的眼睛因恐惧而睁大。根据前文"Stephen asked if my class was going to be "hard""和本句中"I saw Stephen's eyes getting big with fear."可知，斯蒂芬担心课程会很难，所以他的眼睛因恐惧而睁大，应该是因为听到作者在和菲利普讨论课程所涉及的内容。故选C。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.avoid避免；B.continue继续；C.present呈现；D.approach应对。句意：我告诉他要这样做他的工作。根据下文"To do his assignment，all of them，and to get them in on time."可知，作者是在告诉斯蒂芬如何去应对自己的功课任务。故选D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.fitted适应；B.hesitated犹豫；C.struggled艰难行进；D.progressed进步。句意：他在中学时学得很吃力。根据下文"It had taken him longer to finish than most young people. "可知，斯蒂芬在中学的学习也是很吃力的，完成得比较艰难。故选C。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.experience经验；B.information信息；C.potential潜力；D.honor荣誉。句意：他告诉我，在来我们学校之前，没有人相信他有很大的潜力。根据前文"He had（6）in middle school."和"Family members，including his mother，kept reminding him that he was a failure."可知，他在考入这所学校之前，学习一直很吃力，家人也都认为他是个失败者，因此没人相信他有潜力。故选C。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.full﹣sized全尺寸的；B.bite﹣sized一口大小的，小块的；C.pocket﹣sized袖珍的；D.medium﹣sized中等大小的。句意：尽管如此，他还是通过了每天上课、按时交作业、把学习分成小块、容易消化的方法，通过了大部分课程。根据前文提到的作者教给他的"One bite at a time"和下文"His secret，he said，was that he was（10）what I taught him before classes ever started： "Take it one bite at a time.""可知，斯蒂芬一直坚持用作者教给他的"一次吃一口"的方法，把学习分成一口大小的、容易消化的部分，一点一点学习。故选B。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.changing变化；B.recovering康复；C.concentrating聚精会神；D.succeeding成功。句意：每当他把我介绍给他的朋友们时，他都会告诉他们，当人们以为他会失败的时候，他成功了。根据前文"By passing course after course he began to gain a measure of self﹣respect."可知，虽然很多人都以为他会失败，但他最终通过了一门又一门的考试，获得了成功。故选D。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.spreading传播；B.considering考虑；C.practicing练习；D.expressing表达。句意：他说，他的秘诀在于，他一直在练习我在开课前教他的东西："一次吃一口"。根据前文"I told him to（5）his work that way. "可知，作者教给斯蒂芬"一次吃一口"的方法是一种学习方法，是要加以练习和实践才可以取得效果的，所以斯蒂芬最终成功的秘诀就是不断练习运用这种方法。故选C。
【点评】近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
第二节 语法填空
12．【分析】这是三个片段。A 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了西班牙自行车越野赛中，排名第三的埃斯特班在距离终点仅剩下300米的时候车轮爆胎不得不跑步冲向终点，排名第四的纳瓦罗没有趁机超越，而是跟在埃斯特班之后到达终点线，展示了高尚的体育精神。B 这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述出生在寒冷多雪的阿拉斯加北国的白牙，他出生后就和母亲生活在安全的洞穴里。随着他长大，他渴望到外面的世界，但是他的母亲知道现在对于他来说，外面的世界非常的危险。C 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了19届亚运会在中国举办，介绍了亚运会开幕式上的盛况。
【解答】（1）考查介词。句意：排名第三的埃斯特班领先于他的竞争对手纳瓦罗，现在距离终点仅剩300米。空格处及其下文在句子中做伴随状语，应使用表示伴随含义的介词，with为介词，可做伴随状语，故填with。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：几秒钟后，排名第四的纳瓦罗追上了他。空格处在句子中作谓语，因句子表达的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填caught。
（3）考查让步状语从句。句意：两名自行车手到达终点，埃斯特巴以步行的方式领先，获得第三名，而纳瓦罗获得第四名。根据上文"Surely，he could simply overtake Esteban and come third. （当然，他完全可以超越埃斯特巴，获得第三名。）"可知，纳瓦罗没有趁机超越，而是跟在埃斯特班之后到达终点线，让埃斯特班拿到了第三名，而自己拿到了第四名，展示了高尚的体育精神，可推理出空格处应填表示转折和让步关系的连词，故填while。
（4）考查形容词。句意：观众对他的体育精神表现感到惊讶，欢呼鼓掌。空白处在句子中做表语表示属性，使用形容词，因修饰主语the audience，指人，使用v﹣ed形式的形容词，故填amazed。
（5）考查动名词。句意：白牙在母亲的温暖中度过了他生命的第一个月。spend time/money （in） doing sth."花费时间/金钱做某事"，用动名词作宾语。故填staying。
（6）考查不可数名词。句意：他从来没有离开过她的身边，他的整个世界都是洞穴里阴暗的安全地带。根据空前的形容词以及空后的of可知，空处需要名词。safe为形容词，其名词为safety，此处的意思为"安全处所"，为不可数名词。故填safety。
（7）考查动词不定式。句意：随着时间的流逝，他渴望走向那道光明之墙。long to do sth."渴望做某事"，动词不定式作宾语。故填to go。
（8）考查冠词。句意：9月23日星期六，当习近平主席宣布第19届亚运会开幕时，一场吸引人的开幕式不仅仅是一场视觉盛宴，还震惊了世界。此处表示亚运会的开幕式不仅仅是"一场视觉的盛宴"，所以空处需要不定冠词。空后的单词为辅音音素开始的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
（9）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在巨大的落地大屏幕的照明下，运动员的入场式在"我们的亚洲"的旋律下进行，"我们的亚洲"伴随着以杭州市花桂树形状建造的鼓点的敲击声而进行。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Our Asia，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（10）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：入场式期间，著名的杭州西湖景点的图像被投射到椭圆形的地板屏幕上，让行进的运动员和观众以身临其境的方式欣赏城市如画的风景。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处是在介绍亚运会开幕式的场景，所以时态为一般过去时。主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系。综上所述，该句话用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词使用were。故填were projected。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的词汇和语法知识。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握语言点及一些语法知识。
第三部分：阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
13．【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了写求职信的小建议。
【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第三段Hightlight skills and abilities you have that relate to the specific internship listing.突出你所拥有的与实习相关的技能和能力。可知，如果想要个性化你的实习求职信，你应该突出自己的技能和能力，故选D.
（2）A.推理判断题。根据第四段Especially if you have limited work experience，you might use examples from school to demonstrate that you have particular skills.特别是如果你的工作经验有限，你可以用学校里的例子来证明你有特殊的技能。可知，学术经历的罗列能够弥补工作经验的缺少，故选A.
（3）C.推理判断题。根据第五、六段You can also include details about your relevant experience form extra classroom activities or volunteer work.你的经历能够显示你所具有的技能，暗示了写求职信应该有针对性；第六段Be sure to thoroughly proofread（校对） your cover letter for spelling and grammar errors.要对你的求职信进行校对和修改，并且尽量简洁明了。可知，一份好的求职信应该简洁且有针对性，A.emotional and simplified情感化和简单化；B.informal and detailed非正式和详细的；C.brief and targeted简短而有针对性的；D.academic and qualified学术和合格的，故选C.
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
14．【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的切身经历告诉人们要抓住生命中有价值的时刻。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段的And because I work mostly from home，I have learned that little walks into the outside world are important for psychological well﹣being（因为我大部分时间都在家工作，我了解到去外面的世界散一会儿步对心理健康很重要），可知作者每天早上出去散步，主要是因为她可以从心理上受益于与外界的接触，故选D。
（2）词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的…to see the simple unexpected wonders of space，like a sunset（看到太空中意想不到的简单奇观，就像日落一样）可猜测blissful为"幸福的；令人愉快的"意思，A．enjoyable令人愉快的；B．valuable有价值的；C．sensible明智的；D．reasonable合理的，故选A。
（3）推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段的Suddenly，she'd say， "Stop!I want to remember this moment." I realize now，after her death，what wise advice that is（突然，她会说："停！我要记住这一刻。"她死后，我才意识到这是多么明智的建议），可知这篇文章的主要目的是告诉人们要抓住生命中有价值的时刻。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据第一段的So before I begin attempting to put sentences together，I walk over to a little coffee shop in my neighborhood，and chat with the folks behind the counter（因此，在我开始尝试把句子组合起来之前，我会走到我家附近的一家小咖啡店，和柜台后面的人聊天），可推断，文章中的"我"可能是一个作家。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
15．【分析】本文是一篇说明文。儿童通常比成人更容易学习新语言，但原因尚不清楚。一些理论认为，掌握一门语言需要无意识地吸收微妙的模式，而成年人优越的有意识推理能力是罪魁祸首。新的研究表明，事实上成年人可能只是太聪明了。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段The researchers assume that tired learners used less conscious analysis on the word rules：they were free to learn like a child. （研究人员认为，疲惫的学习者对单词规则的有意识分析较少：他们可以像孩子一样自由地学习）可知，一些比利时人在语言测试前要做一个难度更高的测试，原因是成年人在精神上太累了，无法有意识地分析规则，所以可以像孩子一样自由学习。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据最后一段Neuroscientist Michael Ullman，who was not involved in either paper，likes that both the studies added to mental burden differently and measured different skills. "That's really good in science because you've got evidences pointing to the same direction，" he says， （没有参与这两篇论文的神经学家迈克尔 乌尔曼（Michael Ullman）认为，他喜欢这两项研究以不同的方式增加了精神负担，并测量了不同的技能。"这在科学上真的很好，因为你有证据指向同一个方向，"他说）可知，根据Michael Ullman的评论，可以推断出这两项研究的结果相互支持。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第一段Some theorize that grasping a language requires absorbing subtle patterns unconsciously and that adults' superior conscious reasoning is to blame.（一些理论认为，掌握一门语言需要无意识地吸收微妙的模式，而成年人的超意识推理是罪魁祸首）以及第三段The researchers assume that tired learners used less conscious analysis on the word rules：they were free to learn like a child. （研究人员认为，疲惫的学习者对单词规则的有意识分析较少：他们可以像孩子一样自由地学习）可知，推理会导致人们对单词规则进行有意识地分析，不利于语言学习，即减少推理可能有助于学习一门语言。选项D．Reducing reasoning may help to learn a language.（减少推理可能有助于学习一门语言）符合题意。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16．【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了职场中"责怪文化"的弊端及引进"无过错文化"的好处及担忧。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段"Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.（2015年发表的一项研究表明，那些经理人把失败归咎于外部因素的公司，其表现不如那些把失败归咎于自己的公司。）"可知，进行自我责备、承认自己失误的公司有更好的业绩，故选B项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段"The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies （缺陷） were highlighted by employees as early as possible.（引入"无过错文化"是为了确保员工尽早强调错误和不足。）"可知，引入"无过错文化"的目的是为了确保早发现错误，故选A项。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段"There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness.What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault？（人们显然对接受无可指责感到担忧。如果网站一直崩溃，而罪魁祸首是同一个人，该怎么办？）"可知，对无可指责感到担忧是因为人们担心如果不把失败归咎于人们，他们就不会吸取教训，A．Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees.因错误而受到指责会破坏对员工的信任；B．The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear.诚实的错误和其他类型的错误之间的界限并不明确；C．Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure.无辜的人可能会承认自己的失败而承担责任；D．People won't learn their lessons if they aren't blamed for failures.如果人们不因失败而受到责备，他们就不会吸取教训。故选D项。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段第二句"But blame is also harmful.It makes it less likely that people will admit mistakes，and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them.（但是责备也是有害的，这使得人们不太可能承认错误，因此组织也不太可能从中吸取教训）"及第二段第一句"Blame culture asks， "who dropped the ball？" instead of "where did our systems and processes fail？" The focus is on the individuals，not the processes.（责备文化问，"谁丢了球？"而不是"我们的系统和流程在哪里失败了？"重点是个人，而不是流程。）"以及第三段"The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies（缺陷）were highlighted by employees as early as possible.（引入"无过错文化"是为了确保员工尽早强调错误和不足。）"可知文章前两段主要论述了职场中"责怪文化"的弊端，并结合下文对"无过错文化"好处的论述可知，文章主要分析了职场中应该停止"责怪文化"的原因，并引进"无过错文化"，C项"为什么我们应该停止工作中的指责文化"适合做文章标题，故选C项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
17．【分析】本文为夹叙夹议文．作者通过自己跑马拉松的经历介绍怎样将目标变成习惯．
【解答】（1）F．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据上文"My answer takes a little explaining．" 我的回答需要一点解释．说明上文和ask有关，F项My readers asked me how I was able to achieve them while working on different projects．我的读者问我如何能够在完成不同的项目时实现这些目标．和下文衔接．故选F．
（2）E．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据上文"The more you can focus，the more it'll be on autopilot．"你关注投入得越多，它就越能接近于自动驾驶仪．这句话中的focus和autopilot都可以说明下文我Once you put it on autopilot，you don't have to focus on it much．一旦你把它放在自动驾驶仪上，你就不必太关注它了．故选E．
（3）C．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据下文"First，I had to make running a daily habit．Second，I h ad to report to people in order to have accountability （负责） so that I could not quit easily．"首先，我必须养成每天跑步的习惯．第二，为了有责任感，我不得不向别人报告，这样我就不会轻易放弃．说明作者将目标分解成两个：But in order to achieve it，I broke it down into two habits．故选C．
（4）G．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据下文"I could focus on new goals without having to worry about the marathon．" 我可以专注于新的目标，而不用担心马拉松．说明上文是：Once those two habits were established，my marathon goal was pretty much on autopilot．一旦养成了这两种习惯，我的马拉松目标就几乎是自动驾驶了．故选G．
（5）A．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据下文"I was able to achieve this because，all year long，I had daily running and accountability habits．"我能够做到这一点是因为，一年到头我都有日常跑步和负责制的习惯．说明上文是And eventually，I ran the first marathon in my life．最终我跑了人生第一个马拉松．故选A．
【点评】本题为七选五阅读理解．通读全文，了解七个选项的意思，并分析上下文，注意干扰项．
第四部分：书面表达第一节阅读表达阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
18．【分析】本文讲述了恶作剧是一种取笑他人并获得笑声的流行方式。虽然一些专家指出了潜在的负面影响，但恶作剧也可以减轻压力，微笑，加强人际关系。
【解答】（1）Pranking can decrease stress，raise a smile，and strengthen relationships.细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句"While some experts point out potential negatives，pranking can also decrease stress，raise a smile，and strengthen relationships."（虽然一些专家指出了潜在的负面影响，但恶作剧也可以减轻压力，微笑，加强人际关系。）可知，虽然恶作剧有负面影响，但也有很多好处。故答案为Pranking can decrease stress，raise a smile，and strengthen relationships。
（2）Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship.细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句"Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship"（旨在伤害或尴尬的恶作剧会激怒目标，甚至毁掉一段关系。）结合本题问题When can pranks anger the target or even ruin a relationship？（什么时候恶作剧会激怒目标，甚至毁掉一段感情？），故答案为Pranks that are intended to harm or embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relationship。
（3）This part"when everyone laughs at the pranked person"is false.Because Prankng is good when the pranked person also thought that the outcome is laughter.细节理解题。根据第四段的第三句"However，Cross also added "Pranking can be good when the outcome is laughter for everyone，including the pranked person."（然而，克罗斯还补充道："恶作剧可能是好事，因为恶作剧的结果是每个人都会笑，包括被恶作剧的人。"）可知，题中所给的句子：Pranking is good whn everyone laughs at the pranked person，since laughter releases stress.（当每个人都嘲笑恶作剧的人时，恶作剧是好的，因为笑可以释放压力。）原文中讲述的是连被恶搞的人也会笑，这才能体现恶作剧的积极好处，而不是题中所说的每一个人都去笑被恶搞的人，不去顾及被恶搞人的感受，故填This part"when everyone laughs at the pranked person"is false.Because Prankng is good when the pranked person also thought that the outcome is laughter。
（4）1.Communicating effectively is the most important tool in a good relationship；2 For any healthy relationship it is important to take time to celebrate the occasions in your life.思维开放题。参考本文所给出的放松方式，合情合理地给出两条建议，故填Communicating effectively is the most important tool in a good relationship；2 For any healthy relationship it is important to take time to celebrate the occasions in your life。
【点评】阅读表达，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，根据短文后的题目，在文中找到相关的内容，并用简洁、准确的句子，将理解的内容，书面表达出来。做题时，注意表达的内容不要超出规定的字数。
第二节 书面表达
19．【分析】高分句型一：So you don't have to worry too much as long as you can deal with it in a proper way.
译文：所以你不必太担心，只要你能以适当的方式处理它。
分析：这句话使用了as long as引导的条件状语从句。
高分句型二：The last is that you had better swim with some friends.
译文：最后，你最好和一些朋友一起游泳。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的表语从句。
【解答】Dear Jim，
I'm sorry to hear that you're having such a hard time at present.As senior high school students，it's normal for us to feel anxious and worn out once in a while because we are under great pressure with our studies.So you don't have to worry too much as long as you can deal with it in a proper way.【高分句型一】（写信目的）
Personally，I think the best way to relieve stress is physical exercise and swimming is one of the best sports，which can not only make me feel relaxed，but also stay healthy and strong，so I advise you to swim regularly.（推荐一项运动并说明理由）
Before going to swim，we should pay attention to three points.The first is to make your body in a better state.The second is that do not eat too much.The last is that you had better swim with some friends.【高分句型二】These can help you stay safe and enjoy yourself.（提示该项运动需做的准备）
I hope you can get better soon.（希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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