2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第二册人教版（2019）易错专项训练：语法填空（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第二册人教版（2019）易错专项训练：语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wenchang, a city in Hainan, is the birthplace of Hainanese chicken rice. Boiled chicken, rice 1 (cook) with chicken oil and dip (调味酱) make up the simple but delicious Hainanese chicken rice, 2 has provided lasting homesickness for overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia.
Over a century ago, 3 large number of Hainan people spread across Southeast Asia, 4 (take) their native dish Hainanese chicken rice with them. As time went by, Hainanese chicken rice 5 (gradual) became a popular dish in Southeast Asian countries, including Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia.
Hainanese chicken rice satisfies the diners 6 represents the taste of home for overseas Chinese from Hainan. It is a vivid reflection of the cultural exchange between people in countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative, from history 7 reality.
Michael Heng Yee Boon is a second-generation Malaysian. When he was young, chicken rice 8 (serve) during the Spring Festival, and his mother would make it into rice 9 (ball), which stand for “reunion” in Chinese. “It’s a 10 (touch) moment whenever we have Hainanese chicken rice. For us, it’s indeed a part of our cultural roots, and we will continue to pass it on,” Heng says.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, even for the most accomplished chefs, cooking 11 (involve) improvising with the ingredients (原料) on hand: feel and taste. For the Chinese, the idea of exact time and amounts in cooking is an alien concept. In fact, times and measuring cups won’t 12 (find) in a traditional Chinese kitchen. Nor will a Chinese cook asked 13 he or she makes a particular dish respond with clear 14 (quantity) of ingredients and an exact cooking time, for such concrete instructions are almost nonexistent in the world of Chinese cuisine.
15 (make) Chinese food can be very time consuming. One reason is 16 the preparation before the actual cooking takes time, as ingredients for the same dish are 17 (typical) cut into uniform shapes, and preferably into bite-sized pieces. Chinese cooking employs different methods according to the nature of the ingredients, the 18 (long) of cooking time, and the degree of heat. The major emphasis, though, is on enhancing the natural flavor of ingredients, as well as retaining nutrients.
Almost every Chinese kitchen has 19 bamboo steamer. In this method, food s are put in the steamer above boiling water. This technique preserves the colors, flavors, and nutrients of the food. A good cook knows which techniques to use 20 (combine) the natural flavors of the ingredients for the best taste and nutrition.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Popularity of learning Chinese language has been growing rapidly in Cameroon, Western and Central Africa. The number of students who speak Chinese in Cameroon 21 (increase) greatly in recent years. Many Cameroonian students are 22 (interest) in learning Chinese to develop better career skills.
“We have nearly 20,000 Chinese learners, whether in primary, secondary or higher education. In all of Africa, Cameroon is the country with the 23 (high) number of Chinese language learners. We have nearly 200 secondary schools 24 can provide Chinese courses,” a Cameroonian official told Xinhua News Agency recently.
“Now four other state universities have 25 (formal) applied to offer Chinese courses. In 2008, only one state university awarded (授予) the Chinese language degree in the country,” 26 official said. He stressed that nearly 300 Cameroonians co-trained by the University of Maroua and the Confucius Institute (孔子学院) now choose 27 (teach) the Chinese language in schools nationwide.
Demand for the Chinese language is growing because Cameroonian trade with China has been skyrocketing. 28 is difficult to find someone who has learned the Chinese language is still unemployed in Cameroon, which is not the situation for other 29 (language).
After their 30 (graduate) in China, Cameroonian students choose to continue studying in China or work in Chinese-related areas in Cameroon.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As one of the three traditional dyeing (染色) 31 (technique), batik (蜡染) is a folk art 32 has been passed from generation to generation by the ethnic groups in the southwest of China. Today, it is still popular 33 some ethnic groups, such as the Buyi, the Miao and the Tujia, who 34 (be) fond of using the technique for decorating coats, dresses, skirts, quilts, blankets, sheets, handbags 35 so on.
A batik craftsman uses a wax knife 36 (make) of copper to apply hot liquid wax on a white piece of cloth for 37 (draw) geometric patterns or symbolic flowers, birds, fish, insects, etc. Next the cloth is soaked in a vat (缸) of indigo dye (blue as the major color). After that, the dyed cloth 38 (put) into boiling water to remove the wax and then it is rinsed to get the final product with patterns on it. Batik 39 (general) involves two colors only—blue and white. Nevertheless, it has a vivid, simple and layered look, 40 (display) a distinctive ethnic style.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I walk into Prince’s Hot Chicken, and order hot fried chicken legs. “Oh, enjoy it,” says the hostess. Her reply is a commonly 41 (hear) Southern expression.
My chicken arrives and is too hot 42 (touch), but I don’t care about it. As I take a bite, the taste hits my mouth. It’s 43 (horrible) spicy. There’s sweetness before the heat hits. The taste is surprisingly amazing, as the spices dance inside my mouth. Although I’m sweating (出汗), I can’t stop 44 (eat).
How does a dish so challengingly hot become well-received Like so many Southern foods, fried chicken has a long history. Hot chicken first appeared in the 1930s, when a man 45 is named James Thornton Prince 46 (begin) serving it at his BBQ Chicken Shack.
After a few years, 47 restaurant moved close to the Ryman Auditorium, where it became popular 48 the city’s country music stars. In the following years, Prince relocated his restaurant several times around the city, eventually changing 49 (it) name to Prince’s Hot Chicken in 1980, when André Prince Jeffries, his great-niece (侄女), took over.
These days, you’ll find hot chicken all over the city. I feel at home with the 50 (taste) food as it is a symbol of the city’s culture.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Anhui, an ancient and beautiful region, began to prosper during the Tang (618—907) and Song (960—1279) dynasties. In the times 51 the Grand Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage site, directly connected Beijing in the north and Hangzhou in the south, Anhui traders 52 (fan) out across China. That’s why Anhui food is now among China’s eight great cuisines.
Anhui cuisine offers plenty of other options and many dishes have interesting stories, for example, chouguiyu. It is said that a certain businessman had made 53 fortune in Hangzhou, where he had first tasted a kind of fish that was sweet, fresh and had few tiny bones. He 54 (immediate) thought of his elderly parents. He bought some to bring to them. However, the long journey took its toll (毁坏) on the fish and when he finally reached home, they were all 55 (smell). His mother, an economical woman, decided to cook the fish nevertheless. To everyone’s surprise, the fish smelled bad 56 tasted very good. These days, Anhui chefs deliberately allow the fish to reach certain 57 (ripe) before cooking it.
Anhui cuisine 58 (characterise) by its heavy use of oil, deeply flavored sauces, and superior soups and stock. The main cooking style is to braise (炖) or roast. Its chefs specialize 59 ingredients available locally, such as fish, pigeons, bamboo shoots, etc. Anhui folk also like to salt their own meats like ham and pork, which goes into the pot with chicken and duck to produce very deeply flavored soups. A popular dish is salted meat on a bed of bamboo shoots 60 (steam) on a wooden cutting board. Unlike some other regional cuisines, this is one cooking style that is very heavy on animal protein and relatively light on the greens.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an 61 (entire) soft robot -- the “Octobot”.
62 (describe) in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more intelligent robots that could be used in search, rescue and exploration than the traditional ones. “The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve 63 a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots,” the study’s authors wrote.
Researchers 64 (work) on building soft robots for decades. They’ve taken 65 (inspire) from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.
However, creating a completely soft robot 66 (remain) a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, 67 is still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.
“ 68 soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds a great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and explorations,” Barbara Mazzolai of Technology, Center for Micro-Bio Robotics, wrote in 69 comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to 70 (improve) wellness and quality of life.”
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A leaf fell into the water and changed the taste of it. Therefore tea was born.
China is known 71 the home of tea. Since ancient times, tea 72 (enter) the Chinese culture, leaving this aroma (芳香) in poetry, etiquette (礼仪), and customs. Many tea lovers enjoy tea, not just a voice flavor, but also for the beauty of tea 73 (ceremony).
74 (pick)tea leaves is an important spring activity in the Yangtze River basin in South China. The earliest batch of tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming, an important traditional festival, which 75 (observe) in early April when the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases. This precious small output of tea 76 (wide) sought after with outstanding quality is called Mingqian tea.
In spring, local hillsides are filled with tea workers, 77 are sowing seeds on their land. In the peak seasons, many tourists will visit tea gardens 78 (witness) the beautiful scenery of tea farms while enjoying 79 (they) with a freshly brewed (冲泡，沏) cup of tea.
Thousands of years ago, by the hands of the Chinese people, a leaf was brewed into 80 delicious drink. It has traveled a long way and continues to bloom even today.
参考答案：
1．cooked 2．which 3．a 4．taking 5．gradually 6．and 7．to 8．was served 9．balls 10．touching
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了海南鸡米饭是海南文昌的一道美食，然而对于东南亚的华裔来说，它具有特殊意义。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：煮熟的鸡肉、鸡油米饭和蘸酱组成了简单而美味的海南鸡饭，这道菜让东南亚的华侨永远怀念家乡。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语成分，过去分词短语作后置定语修饰rice并与其构成被动关系。故填cooked。
2．考查定语从句。句意：煮熟的鸡肉、鸡油米饭和蘸酱组成了简单而美味的海南鸡饭，这道菜让东南亚的华侨永远怀念家乡。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Hainanese chicken rice，故用which引导并在从句中作主语。故填which。
3．考查冠词。句意：一个多世纪以前，大批海南人带着他们的家乡菜海南鸡饭传遍了东南亚。此处是固定搭配：a large number of 意为“许多，大量”。故填a。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个多世纪以前，大批海南人带着他们的家乡菜海南鸡饭传遍了东南亚。分析句子结构可知，此处take为非谓语成分，和逻辑主语Hainan people间是主动关系，用现在分词短语作伴随状语。故填taking。
5．考查副词。句意：随着时间的推移，海南鸡饭逐渐成为东南亚国家的一道受欢迎的菜肴，包括新加坡、泰国和马来西亚。分析句子知，空处修饰空后的动词became，用副词修饰。故填gradually。
6．考查连词。句意：海南鸡饭满足了食客，代表了海南华侨的家味。分析句子知，“satisfies the diners”和“represents the taste of home for overseas Chinese from Hainan”两句是并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
7．考查介词。句意：它生动地反映了"一带一路"沿线国家人民从历史到现实的文化交流。此处是固定搭配：from ...to…意为“从……到……”。故填to。
8．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在他小的时候，鸡饭只在春节吃，他的母亲会把它做成饭团，在中文里代表“团圆”。根据前文的“When he was young”和后文中的“his mother would make it into…”可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主语chicken rice和动词serve构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was served。
9．考查名词。句意：在他小的时候，鸡饭只在春节吃，他的母亲会把它做成饭团，在中文里代表“团圆”。ball在此处为可数名词，表示“球状物”，此处无范围限制，表示复数概念。故填balls。
10．考查形容词。句意：每当他们吃到海南鸡饭时，这都是一个感人的时刻。分析句子知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，修饰moment，为物，用-ing形式修饰。故填touching。
11．involves 12．be found 13．how 14．quantities 15．Making 16．that 17．typically 18．length 19．a 20．to combine
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国人做饭的方法及与西方人之间的区别。
11．考查谓语动词。句意：在中国，即使对最有成就的厨师来说，烹饪也需要用手头的食材即兴发挥：感觉和味道。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为cooking，谓语动词应用单数的形式，故填involves。
12．考查动词语态。句意：事实上，在传统的中国厨房里是找不到计时器和量杯的。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，空前为won’t，设空处为一般将来时的被动语态，故填be found。
13．考查宾语从句。句意：中国厨师也不会问他或她如何做一道菜时，给出明确的食材数量和确切的烹饪时间，因为在中国烹饪界，几乎不存在这样具体的指示。设空处引导宾语从句且在句中作方式状语，应用how“如何。故填how。
14．考查名词复数。句意见上题解析。设空处应用名词的形式作介词的宾语，前无限定词，应用复数的形式，表泛指。故填quantities。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：做中餐很费时间。设空处为非谓语动词在句中作主语，doing主要用来表示经常性、习惯性、抽象性发生的行为，设空处应用动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Making。
16．考查表语从句。句意：原因之一是，烹饪前的准备工作需要时间，因为同一道菜的食材通常被切成均匀的形状，最好是切成一口大小的块。设空处引导表语从句，从句句意完整不缺成分，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
17．考查副词。句意见上题解析。设空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词typically“通常”，作状语。故填typically。
18．考查名词。句意：中国烹饪根据食材的性质、烹饪时间的长短和热度的不同，采用不同的方法。设空处作介词的宾语，应用名词length，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填length。
19．考查冠词。句意：几乎每个中国厨房都有蒸笼。设空处后为名词单数，表泛指“一个蒸笼”，应用不定冠词，空后bamboo为辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个好的厨师知道使用哪些技术来将食材的自然风味结合起来，以达到最好的口感和营养。设空处在句中作非谓语，固定短语use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”。故填to combine。
21．has increased/has been increasing 22．interested 23．highest 24．which/that 25．formally 26．the 27．to teach 28．It 29．languages 30．graduation
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是许多喀麦隆学生有兴趣学习汉语，以提高自己的职业技能。
21．考查谓语动词。句意：近年来，喀麦隆讲汉语的学生人数大幅增加。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据该句中的时间状语in recent years可知，该句应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，同时，当the number of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填has increased/has been increasing。
22．考查形容词。句意：许多喀麦隆学生有兴趣学习汉语，以提高自己的职业技能。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作表语，根据固定短语be interested in... 意为“对……感兴趣”可知，此处应为interested。故填interested。
23．考查形容词最高级。句意：在整个非洲，喀麦隆是学习汉语人数最多的国家。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，根据句中提到的范围In all of Africa以及定冠词the可知，此处应该用形容词的最高级形式。故填highest。
24．考查关系代词。句意：我们有近200所中学可以提供汉语课程，”一位喀麦隆官员最近告诉新华社。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词schools指的是事物，所以使用关系代词which或者that。故填which/that。
25．考查副词。句意：这位官员说，“现在，又有四所州立大学正式申请开设中文课程。2008年，全国只有一所州立大学授予汉语学位。”分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语来修饰动词applied，formal的副词为formally意为“正式地”符合句意。故填formally。
26．考查冠词。句意：这位官员说，“现在，又有四所州立大学正式申请开设中文课程。2008年，全国只有一所州立大学授予汉语学位。”分析句子结构可知，official为可数名词单数，结合句意可知，此处的official指的是上文中提到的同一人，所以此处使用定冠词the。故填the。
27．考查动词不定式。句意：他强调，由马鲁阿大学和孔子学院共同培养的近300名喀麦隆人现在选择在全国的学校教授汉语。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据固定用法choose to do sth意为“选择去做某事”可知，此处应使用动词不定式形式，且表示主动意义。故填to teach。
28．考查代词。句意：在喀麦隆，很难找到学过汉语的人仍然失业，而其他语言的情况就不一样了。分析句子结构可知，此处为it作形式主语，动词不定式为该句真正的主语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填It。
29．考查名词复数。句意：在喀麦隆，很难找到学过汉语的人仍然失业，而其他语言的情况就不一样了。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，根据空前的other可知，此处应为名词复数形式。故填languages。
30．考查词性转换。句意：在中国毕业后，喀麦隆学生选择继续在中国学习或在喀麦隆从事与中国有关的工作。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，graduate的名词为graduation意为“毕业”，且为不可数名词。故填graduation。
31．techniques 32．which/that 33．with/among 34．are 35．and 36．made 37．drawing 38．is put 39．generally 40．displaying
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国三大传统染色技术之一——蜡染。
31．考查名词复数。句意：蜡染是中国三大传统染色技术之一，是中国西南各民族世代相传的民间艺术。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，根据three以及“one of+名词复数”可知，此处应使用名词复数形式techniques意为“技术”。故填techniques。
32．考查定语从句。句意：蜡染是中国三大传统染色技术之一，是中国西南各民族世代相传的民间艺术。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词a folk art指的是物，所以此处使用关系代词which或者that。故填which/that。
33．考查介词。句意：今天，它仍然流行于一些民族，如布依族、苗族和土家族，他们喜欢用这种技术来装饰外套、连衣裙、裙子、被子、毯子、床单、手提包等。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语be popular with/among意为“在……中受欢迎”符合句意，所以此处使用介词with或者among。故填with/among。
34．考查谓语动词。句意：今天，它仍然流行于一些民族，如布依族、苗族和土家族，他们喜欢用这种技术来装饰外套、连衣裙、裙子、被子、毯子、床单、手提包等。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据句意和主句的谓语动词is可知，此处应为一般现在时，主语who指代的先行词ethnic groups为名词复数，所以谓语动词应为are。故填are。
35．考查连词。句意：今天，它仍然流行于一些民族，如布依族、苗族和土家族，他们喜欢用这种技术来装饰外套、连衣裙、裙子、被子、毯子、床单、手提包等。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语and so on意为“等等”符合句意。故填and。
36．考查过去分词。句意：蜡染工匠用铜制的蜡刀在白布上涂上热的液体蜡，画出几何图案或象征性的花鸟鱼虫等。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词wax knife，make与wax knife之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填made。
37．考查动名词。句意：蜡染工匠用铜制的蜡刀在白布上涂上热的液体蜡，画出几何图案或象征性的花鸟鱼虫等。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据介词for可知，此处应使用动名词形式作宾语，且表示主动意义。故填drawing。
38．考查谓语动词。句意：之后，将染色的布放入沸水中去蜡，然后漂洗，最终得到带有图案的产品。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据并列句的谓语动词is rinsed可知，此处应为一般现在时，且put句子主语the dyed cloth之间为被动关系，主语为第三人称单数。故填is put。
39．考查副词。句意：蜡染通常只涉及两种颜色——蓝色和白色。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词involves，general的副词为generally意为“通常”。故填generally。
40．考查现在分词。句意：然而，它的外观生动、简洁、层次分明，显示出鲜明的民族风格。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，display与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填displaying。
41．heard 42．to touch 43．horribly 44．eating 45．that/who 46．began 47．the 48．with/among 49．its 50．tasty
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在Prince的炸鸡店点了炸鸡腿，并且讲述了炸鸡的历史。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的回答是南方人常用的表达方式。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰expression，expression和hear为被动关系，所以为过去分词作定语，意为“被听到的表达方式”。故填heard。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：我的鸡肉上桌了，太烫了，不能碰，但我不在乎。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语too…to…“太……而不能……”，满足句意要求。故填to touch。
43．考查副词。句意：它太辣了。此处修饰形容词spicy，英语副词horribly，作状语修饰。故填horribly。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然我在出汗，但我还是停不下来。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语stop doing sth“停止正在做的某事”，动名词作宾语。故填eating。
45．考查定语从句。句意：炸鸡最早出现在20世纪30年代，当时一个名叫詹姆斯·桑顿·普林斯(James Thornton Prince)的人开始在他的BBQ chicken Shack餐厅供应炸鸡。分析句子可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是a man，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或who引导。故填that或who。
46．考查动词时态。句意：炸鸡最早出现在20世纪30年代，当时一个名叫詹姆斯·桑顿·普林斯(James Thornton Prince)的人开始在他的BBQ chicken Shack餐厅供应炸鸡。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由该句时间状语in the 1930s可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填began。
47．考查冠词。句意：几年后，这家餐厅搬到了莱曼礼堂附近，在那里它受到了城市乡村音乐明星的欢迎。分析句子可知，此处特指前文提到的BBQ chicken Shack餐厅，应用定冠词the。故填the。
48．考查介词。句意：几年后，这家餐厅搬到了莱曼礼堂附近，在那里它受到了城市乡村音乐明星的欢迎。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be popular with/among“受……欢迎”，所以此处为介词with/among的填入。故填with或among。
49．考查代词。句意：在接下来的几年里，普林斯将他的餐厅在城市里搬了几次，最终在1980年更名为“王子炸鸡”，当时他的侄孙女安德鲁·普林斯·杰弗里斯接手了他的餐厅。由空后name为名词可知，此处应为形容词性物主代词形式。故填its。
50．考查形容词。句意：美味的食物让我感觉很自在，因为它是这座城市文化的象征。此处修饰名词food，应用形容词tasty“美味的”，作定语。故填tasty。
51．when 52．fanned 53．a/his 54．immediately 55．smelly 56．but 57．ripeness 58．is characterized/is characterised 59．in 60．steamed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了徽菜，包括徽菜的历史渊源、特色风味和文化内涵。
51．考查定语从句。句意：在被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产的大运河北连北京、南连杭州的时代，安徽商人遍布中国各地。这就是为什么徽菜现在是中国八大菜系之一。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the times”，在定语从句中担当时间状语，用when引导。故填when。
52．考查时态。句意：在被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产的大运河北连北京、南连杭州的时代，安徽商人遍布中国各地。这就是为什么徽菜现在是中国八大菜系之一。考查本句谓语动词，根据定语从句的时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填fanned。
53．考查冠词或代词。句意：据说，有一个商人在杭州发了财，在那里他第一次尝到了一种鱼，又甜又鲜，而且骨头很少。短语：make a/one’s fortune，意为“发财”，符合句意。故填a或his。
54．考查副词。句意：他立刻想到了年迈的父母。修饰动词短语 thought of担当句子的时间状语，用副词形式。故填immediately。
55．考查形容词。句意：然而，长途旅行使鱼受到了伤害，当他终于回到家时，鱼都臭了。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当本句表语。故填smelly。
56．考查连词。句意：令大家吃惊的是，鱼闻起来很难闻，但吃起来却很好吃。空前“smelled bad”和空后的“tasted very good”之间为转折关系。故填but。
57．考查名词。句意：如今，安徽的厨师们故意让鱼在烹饪前达到一定的成熟度。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式担当宾语。故填ripeness。
58．考查谓语动词。句意：徽菜的特点是用油多，酱料浓，汤和高汤上乘。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“Anhui cuisine”，第三人称单数，和动词“characterize”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is characterized/is characterised。
59．考查固定搭配。句意：它的厨师专门使用当地可用的食材，如鱼、鸽子、竹笋等。固定搭配：specialize in，意为“专门……”，符合句意。故填in。
60．考查非谓语动词。句意：一道很受欢迎的菜是把咸肉放在竹笋床上，竹笋在木制砧板上蒸熟。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a bed of bamboo shoots”和动词“steam”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填steamed。
61．entirely 62．Described 63．as 64．have been working/have worked 65．inspiration 66．remains 67．it 68．Although/Though/While 69．a 70．improving
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用柔软材料制作的机器人Octobot及其前景。
61．考查副词。句意：但美国哈佛大学的一组科学家已经成功制造出了一个完全软性的机器人——“章鱼机器人”。分析句子结构可知，空处需填副词作状语修饰之后的形容词“soft”，所给词为形容词entire，表示“完全的”。故填entirely。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：据《自然》科学杂志报道，“章鱼机器人”可能会为研发出比传统机器人更智能的搜索、救援和探索机器人铺平道路。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“could pave”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“describe”和“the “Octobot””之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填Described。
63．考查介词。句意：该研究的作者写道:“章鱼机器人是一个最小的系统，它可以作为新一代完全柔软的，自动机器人的基础。”serve as sth, 固定结构，意为“作为某物使用”。故填as。
64．考查时态。句意：几十年来，研究人员一直致力于制造软机器人。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，根据时间状语“for decades”可知，应是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have been working或have worked。
65．考查名词。句意：他们从大自然中获得灵感，研究动物，从水母到蟑螂，这些动物通常是由更灵活的物质构成的。分析句子结构可知，空处需填名词作宾语，inspiration作名词，表示“灵感”，是不可数名词。故填inspiration。
66．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，创造一个完全柔软的机器人仍然是一个挑战。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，文章为一般现在时，主语为“creating a completely soft robot”，动名词作主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填remains。
67．考查代词。句意：即使工程师们建造了一个硅树脂的身体，构建灵活版本的重要部分，如电源，仍然是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知，所填空为句中主语位置，且句中真正主语为“to construct flexible versions of essential parts”动词不定式结构，因此所填空应是it作形式主语。故填it。
68．考查状语从句。句意：尽管软机器人技术仍处于早期阶段，它在很多方面都有很好的应用前景，比如搜救行动和探索。分析句意可知，前后句为转折关系，“___9____ soft robotics is still in its early stage”应是让步状语从句，可由although/though/while引导，表示“尽管，虽然”。故填Although或Though或While。
69．考查冠词。句意：微型生物机器人技术中心的芭芭拉·马佐莱在评论中写道：“软体机器人也可能为改善健康和生活质量开辟新的途径。”根据“comment”可知，空处需填冠词修饰名词，此处泛指一个评论，故用不定冠词。故填a。
70．考查非谓语动词。句意：微型生物机器人技术中心的芭芭拉·马佐莱在评论中写道：“软体机器人也可能为改善健康和生活质量开辟新的途径。”根据“ to”可知，空处需填动名词作介词宾语。故填improving。
71．as 72．has entered 73．ceremonies 74．Picking 75．is observed 76．widely 77．who 78．to witness 79．themselves 80．a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的茶叶文化的相关知识，包括茶叶的起源、采茶时间、茶叶主产区等。
71．考查介词。句意：中国被称为茶之乡。结合空前的is known和句意可知，本空填介词as，be known as意为“被称为，被认为是”为固定短语。故填as。
72．考查动词时态。句意：自古以来，茶就进入了中国文化，在诗歌、礼仪和习俗中留下了这种香气。动词enter意为“进入”。结合空前的Since ancient times和句意可知，本句用现在完成时，主语为tea，故助动词用has。故填has entered。
73．考查名词。句意：许多饮茶爱好者饮茶，不只是为了喉舌之味，更是为了茶道之美。ceremony“典礼，仪式”为可数名词，无冠词修饰，故用复数形式。tea ceremonies意为“茶道”。故填ceremonies。
74．考查非谓语动词。句意：摘茶叶是中国南方长江流域一项重要的春季活动。本句系动词为is，此处应用非谓语动词作主语，陈述经常发生的动作，用pick“摘”的动名词，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Picking。
75．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：最早的一批茶叶通常在清明(一个重要的传统节日)之前准备好采摘，清明是在四月初，当时气温开始上升，降雨量增加。分析句子结构可知，which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Qingming，与动词observe“庆祝”为被动关系，结合句意可知定语从句陈述事实，故定语从句用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is observed。
76．考查副词。句意：这种珍贵的小产量茶叶，因其卓越的品质而广受追捧，被称为明前茶。分析句子可知，此处应为副词widely“广泛地”，作状语，修饰动词sought。故填widely。
77．考查定语从句。句意：春天，当地山坡上到处都是茶农，他们在自己的土地上播种。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是tea workers，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
78．考查非谓语动词。句意：在旺季，许多游客会参观茶园，一边欣赏茶园的美景，一边享受一杯新鲜沏好的茶。本句谓语为will visit，此处应用非谓语动词，且many tourists与witness“看到，目击”为主动关系，应用不定式主动形式，作目的状语。故填to witness。
79．考查代词。句意：在旺季，许多游客会参观茶园，一边欣赏茶园的美景，一边享受一杯新鲜沏好的茶。enjoy oneself“尽情享受”。结合主语many tourists可知，本空填反身代词themselves“他们自己”，作enjoying的宾语。故填themselves。
80．考查冠词。句意：几千年前，中国人用手将一片叶子酿造成一种美味的饮料。此处泛指“一种美味的饮料”，且delicious以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
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