高一年级12月月考英语试卷
时间：120分钟 分值：150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is probably Sue now
A. At home. B. At Bill’s home. C. At the office.
2. What does the woman mean
A. The course will be challenging.
B. The poetry class is very popular.
C. Dr. Wilson is easy to get along with.
3. What did the man do last weekend
A. He played basketball. B. He took a trip. C. He watched a game.
4. When was the fire put out
A. At 5:00 a.m. B. At 3:00 a.m. C. At 2:00 a.m.
5. What does the woman ask the man to do
A. Start a fire.
B. Look out of the window.
C. Put his cigarette in the ashtray.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6.7题。
6. What does Jack have to do at 10:00 a.m.
A. Attend a lecture. B. Catch a bus. C. Repair his bike.
7. How does the boy usually go to school
A. By bus. B. By bike. C. By car.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why will the woman go downtown
A. To have lunch. B. To see her sister. C. To go shopping.
9. What is the woman’s sister
A. A student. B. A teacher. C. A shop assistant.
10. What gift does the man recommend
A. Some books. B. Some flowers. C. Some clothes.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Where does the conversation most probably take place
A. In a hospital. B. In the man’s office. C. In the woman’s home.
12. What day is it today
A. Tuesday. B. Thursday. C. Saturday.
13. What will the woman probably do next
A. Hand her job over to Joe. B. Look for a babysitter. C. Go home at once.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. Where did the robbery happen
A. In a store. B. Outside a bank. C. At the woman’s house.
15. What did the man who asked the time look like
A He was tall and strong. B. He was old and fat. C. He was short and thin.
16. What color was the jacket the man who asked the time wore
A. Brown. B. Gray. C. Black.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When will Answer That be on TV
A. On Mondays. B. On Thursdays. C. On Saturdays.
18. How many teenagers are there on the program every week
A. 6. B. 8. C. 48.
19. What prize will the winners get this week
A. A camera. B. A laptop. C. A TV.
20. What is the speaker doing
A. Answering teenagers’ questions.
B. Advertising a new TV quiz show.
C. Explaining the rules of a new game.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four Free Mobile Apps to Help You Learn English Faster
Have you realised that you can put your smartphone to really good use for learning English Here are 4 free mobile apps that will help you do just that.
Hello English
It covers all the aspects of language learning, including vocabulary, translation, grammar, spelling, speaking and reading skills. It uses interactive games to teach different English lessons and offers new audiobooks, the latest news, and books. However, you should already understand basic English structures and the alphabet, for the app can't help you learn English from scratch（从零开始）.
Duolingo
If you want to learn English from scratch, then this is the app you are looking for, Duolingo uses interactive games to help you learn English. For beginners, the app focuses on helping you learn verbs, phrases and sentences.
Lingbe
If you are ready to practise your spoken skills in the real-world communication, you'll need Lingbe. It's a community-based app where people help each other and share their native languages. It connects you with real people on call who are native English speakers.
HelloTalk
HelloTalk is similar to Lingbe as it connects you with native speakers to help improve your language skills. However, it adds a few extra functions that might interest you. You can view the information about users to find a match that interests you. Additionally, you can also send text and audio messages, and even make video calls with other people.
If you are a beginner, start from Duolingo and then use Hello English to have a good command of the language. For fluent spoken English learners, you can try out Lingbe or HelloTalk.
1. What should you already understand to use Hello English
A Good reading and writing skills.
B. Basic listening and speaking tips.
C. Different English lessons and books.
D. English letters and basic structures.
2. Which app is the best choice for an English beginner at first
A. Hello English. B. Duolingo.
C. Lingbe. D. HelloTalk.
3. What can you do on Lingbe
A. Read the latest news.
B. Enjoy the interactive games.
C. Practise your spoken English.
D. Talk with native speakers face-to-face.
B
Holly Cooke wasn’t a fan of weekends. Whenever Friday rolled around, it was a reminder that she had no one to spend her spare time with.
“I was lonely,” said Cooke, who relocated from Stoke-on-Trent — a city in central England — to London when she was 22. “I moved here knowing no one.” She had high hopes of going to restaurants, bars and the theater as she had done before, but she didn’t want to do those activities alone. “I was desiring community: people who wanted to hang out and have fun,” said Cooke, now 26.
She grew so eager for company, she said that she eventually found herself Googling: “How to make friends in London.” The search proved futile, though she found a few other women who were also lonely in London on some social media apps.
Cooke decided to create a Facebook group called “The London Lonely Girls Club,” and invited the people she connected with on the apps to join. She then asked everyone to meet for brunch (早午餐). “It was so difficult,” she said, adding that she asked a friend from out of town to come in for the brunch, in case no one else showed up. “Saying that you’re lonely and you don’t have people around, admitting to that was really scary.”
Cooke was pleasantly surprised when five women showed up and they all got along well. This proved she was not alone in her loneliness, and that she could help others in the same situation. She decided to start planning meetups every few weeks, and word slowly spread about the Facebook group. Now, five years later, the London Lonely Girls Club has more than 35,000 members.
Cooke said she lost count of how many women have made lasting friendships through her group. “It’s beautiful and rewarding, and it’s the reason I’ve carried on,” she said. “As long as there is a need, we will be here.”
4. What can we learn about Holly Cooke
A. She was alone because of being addicted to social media apps.
B. She got used to the lifestyle of being alone on weekends.
C. She had little time to make friends after moving to London.
D. She used to meet friends on weekends when in Stoke-on-Trent.
5. What does the underlined word “futile” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Unsuccessful. B. Unstoppable.
C. Unusual. D. Unclear.
6. Why did Holly Cooke ask a friend from out of town to come to the brunch
A. She wanted to have an optional plan in case it didn’t work.
B. She wanted to introduce her friend to the other women.
C. She needed someone to help her to organize the meetup.
D. She was afraid that no one else would come as planned.
7. What do we know about the London Lonely Girls Club
A. It is well received. B. It is not rewarding.
C. It is less creative. D. It is not fruitful.
C
It’s often said that we human beings can dream in a foreign language. Could dreaming in a foreign language improve our memory Does dreaming in a foreign language mean we are making progress in learning that language
Before we look at multilingual (多语言) dreams, first we need to look at sleep. The connection between sleep and language can be applied to how we learn any language, including our native language. Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their first language. But, if we are going to remember that new word better, what matters is that we need to connect it with what we have learned. And in order to do that, we “need to have some sleep”, says Gareth Gaskell, a professor at the University of York.
It’s during sleep that the integration (整合) of old and new knowledge happens. At might, one part of our brain — the hippocampus — takes whatever new information it receives during the day and passes it on to other parts of the brain to be stored. The role that dreams play in this night-time learning process is still being studied, but “it’s entirely possible that during multilingual dreams, the brain is trying to connect the two languages”, says Marc, a researcher at a university in Bern, Switzerland.
So having multilingual dreams could mean that our brain is trying to remember a new word or phrase. However, it could also have an emotional (情感) significance. Danuta, a professor of psycholinguistics at the University of Silesia in Poland, suggests that multilingual dreams can express “fears or wishes” around learning a foreign language, including the wish to be a local speaker or to be accepted within a certain community.
We clearly still have a lot to learn about multilingual dreams, but one thing seems certain: if you’re trying to learn a new language, you can sleep on it.
8. Why does the author mention questions in paragraph 1
A. To compare different ideas. B. To introduce the main topic.
C. To present different types of dreams. D. To discuss the human language ability.
9. What is the key element in memorizing a new word according to the text
A The other new words. B. The native language.
C. The gained knowledge. D. The speaking practice.
10. What can we learn about multilingual dreams
A. They may influence people’s sleep quality. B. They can reflect language-learning feelings.
C. They are the best option to learn a language. D. They help to clear up the useless information.
11. Where is the text most likely from
A. A novel. B. A diary. C. A guidebook. D. A magazine.
D
Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to know when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to tell that lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge(电荷), it can be destructive and deadly. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
The researchers test-ran the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. “It can now be used anywhere,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, taking lightning charges from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather.
12. Why was the system developed
A. To protect people from lightning.
B. To show the power of lightning.
C. To keep track of lightning deaths.
D. To meet kids’ curiosity about lightning.
13. What is special about the system
A. It was based on a number of samples worldwide.
B. It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.
C. It used an effective method of collecting data.
D. It required low cost of predicting lightning.
14. What will the researchers do next with the laser technology
A. Monitor lightning activity. B. Prevent the occurrence of lightning.
C. Produce electricity with lightning. D. Direct energy from lightning.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. A System of Controlling Lightning.
B. A Theory of Explaining Lightning.
C. A Method of Predicting Lightning.
D. A Model of Creating Lightning.
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Survive a Tsunami
A tsunami is a series of destructive and dangerous waves that are typically caused by earthquakes. If you live in a tsunami hazard region, make sure you know what to do in the unfortunate event of a tsunami. ____16____
1. Evacuate on foot if possible.
Bridges and roads might be damaged or blocked after an earthquake. Whether there is an official tsunami warning or you live in a tsunami hazard zone and an earthquake just happened, immediately start moving on foot. ____17____This helps you avoid getting stuck in a car in a dangerous location.
2. ____18____
In some cases, you might not have time to evacuate. If you don’t have time to get away, go up to a third floor or higher in a strong building. Even better, try to get on the roof of the tallest, strongest building you can find. If you’re right on the coast, there might be a tall tsunami evacuation tower nearby. Look for evacuation route signs and follow them to the tower, then climb to the top.
3. Grab something floating if you’re in the water.
This can help keep you safe if you get caught by a tsunami’s waves. ____19____ Grab the object and hold on tightly while you get carried by the waves.
4 ____20____
Tsunami activity can continue for up to 8 hours or longer. Stay away from the coast and on high ground for this period to play it safe. Listen to announcements from officials and only move when they say it’s safe to do so.
You may be stressed out and worried about loved ones, but you must stay where you are and try to remain calm. Don’t put your life at risk to try to meet up with someone in another area.
A. Look for a boat to stay on.
B. Walk or run towards safety quickly.
C. Stay in your safe spot for at least 8 hours.
D. Climb to the top of a building if you are trapped.
E. Here are some ways to react and survive a tsunami.
F. Look for something strong like a tree, a door or a life raft.
G. Join the rescue team in order to search for your loved ones.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
At age 83, Barbara Humbert dreams of taking part in next year’s “Marathon for All” race at the Paris Olympic Games. It is the first ___21___ of its kind, allowing amateur(业余)athletes to run the same race path as the Olympic marathon athletes. Humbert has a history of success suggesting she could ___22___ some runners half her age.
Unlike your ___23___ great-grandmother, the German-born Frenchwoman runs 50 kilometers a week. She has ___24___ in many marathons and has the medals to show for it. “It's ___25___ to have the Olympics in my homeland,” said Humbert, “It would be a ___26___ for my 60th marathon.”
However, Humbert is ___27___ whether she will receive the paper for admission to the race, as the number for the Marathon for All will be ___28___ to 20,024. Humbert's husband Jacques is a big supporter, helping where he can. He is waiting to hear from the sports ministry about the ___29___ to reserve a piece of admission paper for his wife.
Many ___30___ hang in the entrance of Barbara and Jacques’s home. They ___31___ Barbara of all the races she has taken part in, from Athens to Boston and many other cities. She figures out that she has ___32___
about 8,000 kilometers in those races.
Humbert wants others to ___33___ in her footsteps. She said of running, “It gives you balance. You run, you empty your head, you feel ___34___ relaxed afterwards.” Barbara is planning for more races ___35___ just staying on what has been achieved.
21. A. goal B. test C. event D. reward
22. A. choose B. beat C. respect D. welcome
23. A. usual B. kind C. special D. serious
24. A. served B. competed C. volunteered D. travelled
25. A. relaxing B. confusing C. worrying D. amazing
26. A. gift B. win C. practice D. lesson
27. A. confident B. happy C. unsure D. fortunate
28. A. reached B. recognized C. increased D. limited
29. A. honour B. complaint C. request D. command
30. A. races B. medals C. flags D. T-shirts
31. A. remind B. warn C. tell D. praise
32. A. hiked B. tracked C. led D. covered
33. A. get over B. stand up C. run out D. come along
34. A. formally B. extremely C. hardly D. secretly
35. A. but for B. ahead of C. rather than D. other than
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
语法填空
The Grand Canal is the longest and ____36____ (old) canal in the world. It forms ____37____ huge inland waterway system in China, running from the capital Beijing in the north to Zhejiang Province in the south.
____38____ (build) in sections from the 5th century BC and completed and maintained (维持) by several ____39____ (dynasty), it formed the backbone of China’s inland communications system, which enabled the supply of rice ____40____ (feed) the population. The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the 13th century, providing an inland shipping network consisting of more than 2, 000 km of artificial waterways, ____41____ linked five of the most important river basins in China, including the Huanghe River and the Changjiang River. Still ____42____ major means of internal communication today, it ____43____ (play) an important role in ensuring the prosperity (繁荣) and stability of China over the ages.
The Grand Canal bears witness to a remarkable and early development of hydraulic engineering (水利工程) . It is an important technological achievement ____44____ (date) from before the Industrial Revolution (工业革命). It is a perfect example of dealing with difficult natural conditions, as is reflected in the many constructions that are ____45____ (full) adapted to the diversity and complexity of circumstances. It best demonstrates the technical capabilities of Eastern civilizations.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 2023年即将过去，你们班准备举行庆新年演讲比赛，要求同学们介绍自己学习或生活中的变化。请你以“A New Me.”为题写一篇演讲稿，向大家展示自己的变化。
要求：
1. 自己的变化是什么
2. 变化是如何产生的
3. 变化对自己产生的影响。
A New Me
Hello, everyone!
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your listening.
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I have already forgotten the name of an old lady who was a customer on my paper-delivery route when I was a twelve-year-old boy. Yet it seems like just yesterday that she taught me a lesson in forgiveness that I can only hope to pass on to someone else someday.
On a mindless Saturday afternoon, a friend and I were throwing rocks onto the roof of the old lady’s house. We just wanted to observe how the rocks changed to missiles (导弹) as they rolled to the roof’s edge and shot out into her yard.
I found myself a perfectly smooth rock and sent it for a ride. The stone was too smooth, however, so it slipped from my hand as I let it go and headed straight for a small window on the old lady’s back door. At the sound of broken glass, we took off from the old lady’s yard faster than any of our missiles flew off her roof.
I was too much scared! However, a few days later, when I was sure that I hadn’t been discovered, I started to feel guilty. She still greeted me with a smile each day when I gave her the paper, but I was no longer able to act comfortable in her presence.
I made up my mind that I would save my paper delivery money and in three weeks I had the ten dollars that I thought would cover the cost of her window.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按照如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
I put the money in an envelope with a letter in it.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The next day, after receiving the paper, she thanked me and said, “I have something for you.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1-5 CABAC 6-10 ABCBA 11-15 BAABC 16-20 CBCAB高一年级12月月考英语试卷
时间：120分钟 分值：150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is probably Sue now
A. At home. B. At Bill’s home. C. At the office.
2. What does the woman mean
A. The course will be challenging.
B. The poetry class is very popular.
C. Dr. Wilson is easy to get along with.
3. What did the man do last weekend
A. He played basketball. B. He took a trip. C. He watched a game.
4. When was the fire put out
A. At 5:00 a.m. B. At 3:00 a.m. C. At 2:00 a.m.
5. What does the woman ask the man to do
A. Start a fire.
B Look out of the window.
C. Put his cigarette in the ashtray.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6.7题。
6. What does Jack have to do at 10:00 a.m.
A. Attend a lecture. B. Catch a bus. C. Repair his bike.
7. How does the boy usually go to school
A. By bus. B. By bike. C. By car.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why will the woman go downtown
A. To have lunch. B. To see her sister. C. To go shopping.
9. What is the woman’s sister
A. A student. B. A teacher. C. A shop assistant.
10. What gift does the man recommend
A. Some books. B. Some flowers. C. Some clothes.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Where does the conversation most probably take place
A. In a hospital. B. In the man’s office. C. In the woman’s home.
12. What day is it today
A Tuesday. B. Thursday. C. Saturday.
13. What will the woman probably do next
A. Hand her job over to Joe. B. Look for a babysitter. C. Go home at once.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. Where did the robbery happen
A. In a store. B. Outside a bank. C. At the woman’s house.
15. What did the man who asked the time look like
A. He was tall and strong. B. He was old and fat. C. He was short and thin.
16. What color was the jacket the man who asked the time wore
A. Brown. B. Gray. C. Black.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When will Answer That be on TV
A. On Mondays. B. On Thursdays. C. On Saturdays.
18. How many teenagers are there on the program every week
A. 6. B. 8. C. 48.
19. What prize will the winners get this week
A. A camera. B. A laptop. C. A TV.
20. What is the speaker doing
A. Answering teenagers’ questions.
B. Advertising a new TV quiz show.
C. Explaining the rules of a new game.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four Free Mobile Apps to Help You Learn English Faster
Have you realised that you can put your smartphone to really good use for learning English Here are 4 free mobile apps that will help you do just that.
Hello English
It covers all the aspects of language learning, including vocabulary, translation, grammar, spelling, speaking and reading skills. It uses interactive games to teach different English lessons and offers new audiobooks, the latest news, and books. However, you should already understand basic English structures and the alphabet, for the app can't help you learn English from scratch（从零开始）.
Duolingo
If you want to learn English from scratch, then this is the app you are looking for, Duolingo uses interactive games to help you learn English. For beginners, the app focuses on helping you learn verbs, phrases and sentences.
Lingbe
If you are ready to practise your spoken skills in the real-world communication, you'll need Lingbe. It's a community-based app where people help each other and share their native languages. It connects you with real people on call who are native English speakers.
HelloTalk
HelloTalk is similar to Lingbe as it connects you with native speakers to help improve your language skills. However, it adds a few extra functions that might interest you. You can view the information about users to find a match that interests you. Additionally, you can also send text and audio messages, and even make video calls with other people.
If you are a beginner, start from Duolingo and then use Hello English to have a good command of the language. For fluent spoken English learners, you can try out Lingbe or HelloTalk.
1. What should you already understand to use Hello English
A. Good reading and writing skills.
B. Basic listening and speaking tips.
C. Different English lessons and books.
D. English letters and basic structures.
2. Which app is the best choice for an English beginner at first
A. Hello English. B. Duolingo.
C. Lingbe. D. HelloTalk.
3. What can you do on Lingbe
A. Read the latest news.
B. Enjoy the interactive games.
C. Practise your spoken English.
D. Talk with native speakers face-to-face.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款免费学习英语的手机应用程序。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hello English标题下的“However, you should already understand basic English structures and the alphabet, for the app can't help you learn English from scratch.(然而，你应该已经了解了基本的英语结构和字母表，因为该应用程序不能帮助你从头开始学习英语)”可知，使用Hello English的人需要已理解基本的英语结构和英语字母，故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Duolingo标题下的“If you want to learn English from scratch, then this is the app you are looking for.(如果你想从头开始学习英语，那么这就是你正在寻找的应用程序)”和“For beginners, the app focuses on helping you learn verbs, phrases and sentences.(对于初学者，该应用程序重点帮助您学习动词、短语和句子)”和文章最后一段中的“If you are a beginner, start from Duolingo(如果你是初学者，从Duolingo开始)”可知，Duolingo最适合英语初学者在刚开始学习英语的时候使用，故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Lingbe标题下的“If you are ready to practise your spoken skills in the real-world communication, you'll need Lingbe.(如果你已经准备好在现实世界中练习口语技能，你就需要Lingbe)”可知，你可以在Lingbe上练习英语口语，故选C项。
B
Holly Cooke wasn’t a fan of weekends. Whenever Friday rolled around, it was a reminder that she had no one to spend her spare time with.
“I was lonely,” said Cooke, who relocated from Stoke-on-Trent — a city in central England — to London when she was 22. “I moved here knowing no one.” She had high hopes of going to restaurants, bars and the theater as she had done before, but she didn’t want to do those activities alone. “I was desiring community: people who wanted to hang out and have fun,” said Cooke, now 26.
She grew so eager for company, she said that she eventually found herself Googling: “How to make friends in London.” The search proved futile, though she found a few other women who were also lonely in London on some social media apps.
Cooke decided to create a Facebook group called “The London Lonely Girls Club,” and invited the people she connected with on the apps to join. She then asked everyone to meet for brunch (早午餐). “It was so difficult,” she said, adding that she asked a friend from out of town to come in for the brunch, in case no one else showed up. “Saying that you’re lonely and you don’t have people around, admitting to that was really scary.”
Cooke was pleasantly surprised when five women showed up and they all got along well. This proved she was not alone in her loneliness, and that she could help others in the same situation. She decided to start planning meetups every few weeks, and word slowly spread about the Facebook group. Now, five years later, the London Lonely Girls Club has more than 35,000 members.
Cooke said she lost count of how many women have made lasting friendships through her group. “It’s beautiful and rewarding, and it’s the reason I’ve carried on,” she said. “As long as there is a need, we will be here.”
4. What can we learn about Holly Cooke
A She was alone because of being addicted to social media apps.
B. She got used to the lifestyle of being alone on weekends.
C. She had little time to make friends after moving to London.
D. She used to meet friends on weekends when in Stoke-on-Trent.
5. What does the underlined word “futile” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Unsuccessful. B. Unstoppable.
C. Unusual. D. Unclear.
6. Why did Holly Cooke ask a friend from out of town to come to the brunch
A. She wanted to have an optional plan in case it didn’t work.
B. She wanted to introduce her friend to the other women.
C. She needed someone to help her to organize the meetup.
D. She was afraid that no one else would come as planned.
7. What do we know about the London Lonely Girls Club
A. It is well received. B. It is not rewarding.
C. It is less creative. D. It is not fruitful.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。在伦敦定居的霍莉·库克（Holly Cooke），由于没有朋友而感到孤单，于是她创立了“伦敦孤独女孩俱乐部”帮助自己和其他女性找朋友，并取得了成功。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的““I was lonely,” said Cooke, who relocated from Stoke-on-Trent — a city in central England — to London when she was 22. “I moved here knowing no one.” She had high hopes of going to restaurants, bars and the theater as she had done before, but she didn’t want to do those activities alone. (“我很孤独，”库克说，她22岁时从英格兰中部城市特伦特河畔斯托克搬到了伦敦。“我搬到这里时不认识任何人。”她对像以前一样去餐馆、酒吧和剧院寄予厚望，但她不想一个人做这些活动)”可推知，库克在英格兰中部城市特伦特河畔斯托克的时候经常和朋友们出去聚会。故选D。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“She grew so eager for company, she said that she eventually found herself Googling: “How to make friends in London.” The search proved futile, though she found a few other women who were also lonely in London on some social media apps.(她说，她越来越渴望有人陪伴，最终发现自己在谷歌上搜索：“如何在伦敦交朋友。”事实证明，搜索大多是futile，尽管她在一些社交媒体应用程序上发现了其他一些在伦敦也很孤独的女性)”可知，库克想要通过网上搜索找朋友的结果并不成功，所以futile的意思应该是“不成功的，徒劳的”。A. Unsuccessful不成功的；B. Unstoppable不可阻挡的；C. Unusual不寻常的；D. Unclear不清楚的。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的““It was so difficult,” she said, adding that she asked a friend from out of town to come in for the brunch, in case no one else showed up. (“这太难了，”她说，并补充说，她请一位外地朋友来吃早午餐，以防没有其他人出现)”可知，库克请一位外地朋友来吃早午餐，以防没有其他人出现。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Now, five years later, the London Lonely Girls Club has more than 35,000 members. (如今，五年过去了，伦敦孤独女孩俱乐部拥有35000多名会员)”可推知，伦敦孤独女孩俱乐部很受大家的欢迎。故选A。
C
It’s often said that we human beings can dream in a foreign language. Could dreaming in a foreign language improve our memory Does dreaming in a foreign language mean we are making progress in learning that language
Before we look at multilingual (多语言) dreams, first we need to look at sleep. The connection between sleep and language can be applied to how we learn any language, including our native language. Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their first language. But, if we are going to remember that new word better, what matters is that we need to connect it with what we have learned. And in order to do that, we “need to have some sleep”, says Gareth Gaskell, a professor at the University of York.
It’s during sleep that the integration (整合) of old and new knowledge happens. At might, one part of our brain — the hippocampus — takes whatever new information it receives during the day and passes it on to other parts of the brain to be stored. The role that dreams play in this night-time learning process is still being studied, but “it’s entirely possible that during multilingual dreams, the brain is trying to connect the two languages”, says Marc, a researcher at a university in Bern, Switzerland.
So having multilingual dreams could mean that our brain is trying to remember a new word or phrase. However, it could also have an emotional (情感) significance. Danuta, a professor of psycholinguistics at the University of Silesia in Poland, suggests that multilingual dreams can express “fears or wishes” around learning a foreign language, including the wish to be a local speaker or to be accepted within a certain community.
We clearly still have a lot to learn about multilingual dreams, but one thing seems certain: if you’re trying to learn a new language, you can sleep on it.
8. Why does the author mention questions in paragraph 1
A. To compare different ideas. B. To introduce the main topic.
C. To present different types of dreams. D. To discuss the human language ability.
9. What is the key element in memorizing a new word according to the text
A. The other new words. B. The native language.
C. The gained knowledge. D. The speaking practice.
10. What can we learn about multilingual dreams
A. They may influence people’s sleep quality. B. They can reflect language-learning feelings.
C. They are the best option to learn a language. D. They help to clear up the useless information.
11. Where is the text most likely from
A. A novel. B. A diary. C. A guidebook. D. A magazine.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡眠和语言之间的联系可以应用于如何学习任何语言，包括我们的母语。多语梦境中，大脑试图将两种语言联系起来，这有助于学习一门新的语言。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Could dreaming in a foreign language improve our memory Does dreaming in a foreign language mean we are making progress in learning that language (用外语做梦能提高我们的记忆力吗？梦见一门外语是否意味着我们在学习这门语言方面取得了进步？)”和第二段“The connection between sleep and language can be applied to how we learn any language, including our native language. (睡眠和语言之间的联系可以应用于我们如何学习任何语言，包括我们的母语。)”以及下文的内容可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了介绍主题：睡眠和语言之间的联系可以应用于如何学习任何语言。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But, if we are going to remember that new word better, what matters is that we need to connect it with what we have learned.(但是，如果我们要更好地记住新词，重要的是我们需要把它和我们学过的东西联系起来)”和第三段“At might, one part of our brain — the hippocampus — takes whatever new information it receives during the day and passes it on to other parts of the brain to be stored. (或许，我们大脑的一部分———海马体———接受白天接收到的任何新信息，并将其传递给大脑的其他部分进行存储。)”可知，根据文章记忆新单词的关键要素是已经获得的知识，把新单词和所学过的东西联系起来就能计得更好。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Danuta, a professor of psycholinguistics at the University of Silesia in Poland, suggests that multilingual dreams can express “fears or wishes” around learning a foreign language, including the wish to be a local speaker or to be accepted within a certain community.(波兰西里西亚大学心理语言学教授达努塔认为，多语言梦可以表达围绕学习外语的‘恐惧或愿望’，包括希望成为本地人或被某个社区接受)”可知，关于多语梦，我们能了解到它们能反映语言学习的感受。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要介绍了睡眠和语言之间的联系可以应用于如何学习任何语言，包括我们的母语。多语梦境中，大脑试图将两种语言联系起来，这有助于学习一门新的语言。根据倒数第二段讲到“Danuta, a professor of psycholinguistics at the University of Silesia in Poland, suggests that multilingual dreams can express “fears or wishes” around learning a foreign language, including the wish to be a local speaker or to be accepted within a certain community.(波兰西里西亚大学心理语言学教授达努塔认为，多语言梦可以表达围绕学习外语的‘恐惧或愿望’，包括希望成为本地人或被某个社区接受)”可知，本文是一篇有关于多语种梦境和语言学习之间的关系的文章，因此这篇文章最有可能来自一本杂志。故选D。
D
Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to know when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to tell that lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge(电荷), it can be destructive and deadly. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
The researchers test-ran the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. “It can now be used anywhere,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, taking lightning charges from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather.
12. Why was the system developed
A. To protect people from lightning.
B. To show the power of lightning.
C. To keep track of lightning deaths.
D. To meet kids’ curiosity about lightning.
13. What is special about the system
A. It was based on a number of samples worldwide.
B. It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.
C. It used an effective method of collecting data.
D. It required low cost of predicting lightning.
14. What will the researchers do next with the laser technology
A. Monitor lightning activity. B. Prevent the occurrence of lightning.
C. Produce electricity with lightning. D. Direct energy from lightning.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. A System of Controlling Lightning.
B. A Theory of Explaining Lightning.
C. A Method of Predicting Lightning.
D. A Model of Creating Lightning.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家们开发的一种能预测闪电的系统。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.(欧洲研究人员估计，全球每年有6000到24000人死于雷击。由于这个原因，气候科学家一直在寻找预测闪电的方法。)”可知，研究人员一直在寻找预测闪电的方法是因为每年都有很多人死于雷击；结合文章最后一段的“They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather. (他们希望这样的技术有一天能被用于防止雷击。可能的用途可能是在车站、机场或大量人群聚集的地方。)”可推知，研究人员开发这一系统的目的在于保护人们免受雷击。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes.(这些数据与四种主要地表条件有关：气压、空气温度、相对湿度和风速，这些数据被放入一个独特的机器学习算法中，并与雷击记录进行比较。)”可知，气压、空气温度、相对湿度和风速等数据会放入到一种独特的机器学习算法中，并与雷击记录进行比较。由此可知，系统特殊在采用了一种独特的机器学习算法。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, taking lightning charges from clouds to the ground.(从事该项目的科学家们正在试验一种激光技术，该技术有朝一日可以控制闪电活动，将闪电电荷从云层带到地面。)”可知，科学家们正在研究一种激光技术，这种技术能控制闪电活动，将云层的闪电电荷带到地面上。由此可推知，有了激光技术后，科学家们下一步可能会把目标放在闪电产生的能量上。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，文章首段首句“Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to know when and where lightning will strike.(科学家们表示，他们已经开发出一种使用机器来了解闪电何时何地会发生的系统。)”提出科学家们已经开发出一种用机器来了解闪电会在何时何地发生的系统；第二段介绍了开发该系统的原因；第三、四、五段介绍了该系统的工作原理和研究过程；最后一段介绍了该系统的研究现状。由此可知，本文主要介绍了这种能预测闪电的系统。C项“A Method of Predicting Lightning.”最能概括本文主旨。故选C项。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Survive a Tsunami
A tsunami is a series of destructive and dangerous waves that are typically caused by earthquakes. If you live in a tsunami hazard region, make sure you know what to do in the unfortunate event of a tsunami. ____16____
1. Evacuate on foot if possible.
Bridges and roads might be damaged or blocked after an earthquake. Whether there is an official tsunami warning or you live in a tsunami hazard zone and an earthquake just happened, immediately start moving on foot. ____17____This helps you avoid getting stuck in a car in a dangerous location.
2. ____18____
In some cases, you might not have time to evacuate. If you don’t have time to get away, go up to a third floor or higher in a strong building. Even better, try to get on the roof of the tallest, strongest building you can find. If you’re right on the coast, there might be a tall tsunami evacuation tower nearby. Look for evacuation route signs and follow them to the tower, then climb to the top.
3 Grab something floating if you’re in the water.
This can help keep you safe if you get caught by a tsunami’s waves. ____19____ Grab the object and hold on tightly while you get carried by the waves.
4. ____20____
Tsunami activity can continue for up to 8 hours or longer. Stay away from the coast and on high ground for this period to play it safe. Listen to announcements from officials and only move when they say it’s safe to do so.
You may be stressed out and worried about loved ones, but you must stay where you are and try to remain calm. Don’t put your life at risk to try to meet up with someone in another area.
A. Look for a boat to stay on.
B. Walk or run towards safety quickly.
C. Stay in your safe spot for at least 8 hours.
D. Climb to the top of a building if you are trapped.
E. Here are some ways to react and survive a tsunami.
F. Look for something strong like a tree, a door or a life raft.
G. Join the rescue team in order to search for your loved ones.
【答案】16. E 17. B 18. D 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在海啸中生存的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“If you live in a tsunami hazard region, make sure you know what to do in the unfortunate event of a tsunami.(如果你生活在海啸危险地区，一定要知道万一发生海啸该怎么办)”说明你应该知道应对海啸的方法，E项“以下是一些应对海啸并在海啸中幸存下来的方法。”承接上文，并引出下文各个段落的内容，符合题意。故选E。
【17题详解】
上文“Whether there is an official tsunami warning or you live in a tsunami hazard zone and an earthquake just happened, immediately start moving on foot.(无论是有官方海啸警报，还是你生活在海啸危险区，刚刚发生地震，都要立即开始步行移动)”说明当海啸来临时，你应该采用步行的方式，B项“快速走或跑向安全地带。”进一步介绍应该步行前往安全地带，引出下文“这有助于你避免在危险的地方被困在车里。”，B项承上启下，符合题意。故选B。
【18题详解】
下文“If you don’t have time to get away, go up to a third floor or higher in a strong building. Even better, try to get on the roof of the tallest, strongest building you can find. If you’re right on the coast, there might be a tall tsunami evacuation tower nearby. Look for evacuation route signs and follow them to the tower, then climb to the top.(如果你没有时间离开，就去一栋坚固的建筑的三楼或更高的地方。更好的是，试着爬上你能找到的最高、最坚固的建筑的屋顶。如果你正好在海岸边，附近可能有一座很高的海啸疏散塔。寻找疏散路线标志，并跟随它们到达塔楼，然后爬到顶部)”说明被困时，要爬到高的地方或者建筑物的顶部，D项“如果你被困了，就爬到建筑物的顶部。”引出下文内容，可以作为段落标题句。故选D。
【19题详解】
上文“Grab something floating if you’re in the water.(如果你在水里，抓一些漂浮的东西)”说明如果已经在水里，你应该抓着一些漂浮的东西，F项“寻找像树、门或救生筏这样坚固的东西。”举例说明可以抓住的漂浮的东西有什么，承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
【20题详解】
下文“Tsunami activity can continue for up to 8 hours or longer. Stay away from the coast and on high ground for this period to play it safe.(海啸活动可能持续长达8小时或更长时间。在此期间，请远离海岸，待在高地以确保安全)”说明海啸持续的时长，你应该在此期间远离海岸，待在高地以确保安全，C项“在你的安全地点至少待8个小时。”引出下文内容，可以作为段落标题句，符合题意。故选C。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
At age 83, Barbara Humbert dreams of taking part in next year’s “Marathon for All” race at the Paris Olympic Games. It is the first ___21___ of its kind, allowing amateur(业余)athletes to run the same race path as the Olympic marathon athletes. Humbert has a history of success suggesting she could ___22___ some runners half her age.
Unlike your ___23___ great-grandmother, the German-born Frenchwoman runs 50 kilometers a week. She has ___24___ in many marathons and has the medals to show for it. “It's ___25___ to have the Olympics in my homeland,” said Humbert, “It would be a ___26___ for my 60th marathon.”
However, Humbert is ___27___ whether she will receive the paper for admission to the race, as the number for the Marathon for All will be ___28___ to 20,024. Humbert's husband Jacques is a big supporter, helping where he can. He is waiting to hear from the sports ministry about the ___29___ to reserve a piece of admission paper for his wife.
Many ___30___ hang in the entrance of Barbara and Jacques’s home. They ___31___ Barbara of all the races she has taken part in, from Athens to Boston and many other cities. She figures out that she has ___32___
about 8,000 kilometers in those races.
Humbert wants others to ___33___ in her footsteps. She said of running, “It gives you balance. You run, you empty your head, you feel ___34___ relaxed afterwards.” Barbara is planning for more races ___35___ just staying on what has been achieved.
21. A. goal B. test C. event D. reward
22. A. choose B. beat C. respect D. welcome
23. A. usual B. kind C. special D. serious
24. A. served B. competed C. volunteered D. travelled
25. A. relaxing B. confusing C. worrying D. amazing
26. A. gift B. win C. practice D. lesson
27. A. confident B. happy C. unsure D. fortunate
28. A. reached B. recognized C. increased D. limited
29. A. honour B. complaint C. request D. command
30. A. races B. medals C. flags D. T-shirts
31. A. remind B. warn C. tell D. praise
32. A. hiked B. tracked C. led D. covered
33. A. get over B. stand up C. run out D. come along
34. A. formally B. extremely C. hardly D. secretly
35. A. but for B. ahead of C. rather than D. other than
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了83岁的Barbara Humbert梦想着参加明年巴黎奥运会的“全民马拉松”比赛。她参加过许多马拉松比赛，并获得了奖牌，同时亨伯特也希望其他人跟随她的脚步。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是第一次允许业余运动员与奥运会马拉松运动员在同一条赛道上比赛。A. goal目标；B. test测验；C. event大事；D. reward奖励。根据后文“allowing amateur athletes to run the same race path as the Olympic marathon athletes”可知允许业余运动员和奥运会马拉松运动员跑同一条赛道是这项比赛的一件大事。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨伯特有成功的历史，这表明她可以击败一些年龄只有她一半的运动员。A. choose选择；B. beat打；C. respect尊重；D. welcome欢迎。根据上文“Humbert has a history of success”可知，亨伯特有成功的历史，这表明她可以击败一些年龄只有她一半的运动员。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不像你平常的曾祖母，这位德国出生的法国女人每周跑50公里。A. usual寻常的；B. kind善良的；C. special特别的；D. serious严肃的。根据后文“great-grandmother, the German-born Frenchwoman runs 50 kilometers a week”可知，亨伯特与寻常曾祖母相比，这位德国出生的法国女人每周跑50公里。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她参加过许多马拉松比赛，并获得了奖牌。A. served服务；B. competed比赛；C. volunteered志愿做；D. travelled旅行。根据后文“and has the medals to show for it”可知，她参加过许多马拉松比赛，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亨伯特说：“在我的祖国举办奥运会真是太棒了”A. relaxing令人放松的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. worrying令人担心的；D. amazing令人惊讶的，棒的。根据后文“have the Olympics in my homeland”以及常识，在自己祖国举办奥运会是很棒的事情。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这将是我第60次参加马拉松的礼物。”A. gift礼物；B. win获胜；C. practice实践；D. lesson课程。此处指亨伯特认为在自己祖国举办奥运会是自己参加马拉松的礼物，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，亨伯特不确定她是否会收到参加比赛的证件，因为参加全民马拉松的人数将限制在20024人。A. confident自信的；B. happy快乐的；C. unsure不确定的；D. fortunate幸运的。后文“as the number for the Marathon for All will be”提到了有人数限制，所以她不确定是否会收到参加比赛的证件，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，亨伯特不确定她是否会收到参加比赛的证件，因为参加全民马拉松的人数将限制在20024人。A. reached到达；B. recognized识别；C. increased增加；D. limited限制。根据后文“to 20,024”指参加全民马拉松的人数将限制在20024人。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他正在等待体育部关于为他妻子保留一张入场券的请求。A. honour荣誉；B. complaint投诉；C. request请求；D. command命令。根据后文“to reserve a piece of admission paper for his wife”指请求体育部为他妻子保留一张入场券。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多奖牌挂在芭芭拉和雅克家的门口。A. races比赛；B. medals奖章；C. flags旗帜；D. T-shirtsT恤。呼应上文“has the medals to show for it”此处指许多奖牌挂在芭芭拉和雅克家的门口。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们让芭芭拉想起了她参加过的所有比赛，从雅典到波士顿和许多其他城市。A. remind提醒；B. warn警告；C. tell告诉；D. praise赞美。根据后文“Barbara of all the races she has taken part in”可知，这些奖牌提醒芭芭拉她参加过的所有比赛，remind sb. of sth.表示“提醒某人某事”。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她计算出她在这些比赛中已经跑了大约8000公里。A. hiked远足；B. tracked追踪；C. led带领；D. covered覆盖。根据后文“about 8,000 kilometers”指走过多长的距离，应用动词cover。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：亨伯特希望其他人跟随她的脚步。A. get over克服；B. stand up站立；C. run out用完；D. come along前往，跟随。根据后文她描述了跑步的好处，可知是希望其他人跟随她的脚步。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：你跑步，清空大脑，之后你会感到极度放松。A. formally正式地；B. extremely非常；C. hardly几乎不；D. secretly秘密地。根据上文“You run, you empty your head, you feel”指跑步之后非常放松。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：芭芭拉正在计划更多的比赛，而不仅仅是停留在已经取得的成就上。A. but for除了……之外；B. ahead of在……之前；C. rather than而不是；D. other than除了……之外。根据上文“Barbara is planning for more races”可知，前后为转折含义，表示芭芭拉正在计划更多的比赛，而不仅仅是停留在已经取得的成就上。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
语法填空
The Grand Canal is the longest and ____36____ (old) canal in the world. It forms ____37____ huge inland waterway system in China, running from the capital Beijing in the north to Zhejiang Province in the south.
____38____ (build) in sections from the 5th century BC and completed and maintained (维持) by several ____39____ (dynasty), it formed the backbone of China’s inland communications system, which enabled the supply of rice ____40____ (feed) the population. The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the 13th century, providing an inland shipping network consisting of more than 2, 000 km of artificial waterways, ____41____ linked five of the most important river basins in China, including the Huanghe River and the Changjiang River. Still ____42____ major means of internal communication today, it ____43____ (play) an important role in ensuring the prosperity (繁荣) and stability of China over the ages.
The Grand Canal bears witness to a remarkable and early development of hydraulic engineering (水利工程) . It is an important technological achievement ____44____ (date) from before the Industrial Revolution (工业革命). It is a perfect example of dealing with difficult natural conditions, as is reflected in the many constructions that are ____45____ (full) adapted to the diversity and complexity of circumstances. It best demonstrates the technical capabilities of Eastern civilizations.
【答案】36. oldest
37. a 38. Built
39. dynasties
40. to feed
41. which 42. as
43. has played
44. dating 45. fully
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了京杭大运河。
【36题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：大运河是世界上最长、最古老的运河。根据空前的the longest可知，空处需要形容词的最高级，表示“世界长最长最古老的大运河”。故填oldest。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：它在中国形成了一个庞大的内陆水道系统，北起首都北京，南至浙江省。system为可数名词“系统”，空处需要不定冠词表示泛指，此处表示“一个庞大的内陆水道系统”。空后为辅音音素开始的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，并由几个王朝完成和维护，形成了中国内陆交通系统的支柱，使大米供应能够养活人口。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语，和其逻辑主语it之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填Built。
【39题详解】
考查可数名词的复数形式。句意：它从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，并由几个王朝完成和维护，形成了中国内陆交通系统的支柱，使大米供应能够养活人口。 dynasty为可数名词“朝代”。根据空前的several可知，空处需要该名词的复数形式。故填dynasties。
【40题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：它从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，并由几个王朝完成和维护，形成了中国内陆交通系统的支柱，使大米供应能够养活人口。 enable sb./sth. to do sth.“使某人/某物能够做某事”。故填to feed。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：大运河在13世纪达到了一个新的高峰，提供了一个由2000多公里的人工水道组成的内陆航运网络，连接了中国五个最重要的流域，包括黄河和长江。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词network。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：它仍然是今天的主要内部沟通手段，多年来为确保中国的繁荣与稳定发挥了重要作用。根据句意可知，此处表示“作为当今主要的内部沟通手段”。as为介词“作为”，符合语境。故填as。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：它仍然是今天的主要内部沟通手段，多年来为确保中国的繁荣与稳定发挥了重要作用。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语over the ages可知，句子的时态为现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数形式。故填has played。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这是工业革命前的一项重要技术成果。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词的形式作定语。该动词和修饰的名词之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填dating。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：这是一个处理困难自然条件的完美例子，正如许多建筑完全适应环境的多样性和复杂性所反映的那样。空处需要副词修饰动词作状语。故填fully。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 2023年即将过去，你们班准备举行庆新年演讲比赛，要求同学们介绍自己学习或生活中的变化。请你以“A New Me.”为题写一篇演讲稿，向大家展示自己的变化。
要求：
1. 自己的变化是什么
2. 变化是如何产生的
3. 变化对自己产生的影响。
A New Me
Hello, everyone!
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your listening.
【答案】 I always felt anxious and stressful at senior high school at first because I was afraid of being left behind. I was worried about so many things that I couldn’t sleep well and focus on my study.
Then, I read a book called “Who Moved Your Cheese” which made me realize that making changes can make a difference to life. Instead of just worrying about my study, I would make a schedule for my study and finish the to-do list. Rather than being anxious the whole day, I would do some exercises regularly and listen to music to relieve my stress and tiredness after studying, which also helped me feel more energetic.
Now, I stopped feeling upset about something new. Instead, I would also always remind myself to smile as often as possible and stay positive about everything that is going to happen.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表属于应用文。要求考生以“A New Me.”为题，写一篇演讲稿，为庆新年演讲比赛做准备。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对……感到担忧的：be worried about→be concerned about
专注于：focus on→concentrate on
定期地：regularly→on a regular basis
帮助某人：help sb.→give sb. a hand
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Now, I stopped feeling upset about something new.
拓展句：Now, I stopped feeling upset about something new, which makes me feel relaxed.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I was worried about so many things that I couldn’t sleep well and focus on my study.（运用了that引导的结果状语从句）
【高分句型2】Rather than being anxious the whole day, I would do some exercises regularly and listen to music to relieve my stress and tiredness after studying, which also helped me feel more energetic.（运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I have already forgotten the name of an old lady who was a customer on my paper-delivery route when I was a twelve-year-old boy. Yet it seems like just yesterday that she taught me a lesson in forgiveness that I can only hope to pass on to someone else someday.
On a mindless Saturday afternoon, a friend and I were throwing rocks onto the roof of the old lady’s house. We just wanted to observe how the rocks changed to missiles (导弹) as they rolled to the roof’s edge and shot out into her yard.
I found myself a perfectly smooth rock and sent it for a ride. The stone was too smooth, however, so it slipped from my hand as I let it go and headed straight for a small window on the old lady’s back door. At the sound of broken glass, we took off from the old lady’s yard faster than any of our missiles flew off her roof.
I was too much scared! However, a few days later, when I was sure that I hadn’t been discovered, I started to feel guilty. She still greeted me with a smile each day when I gave her the paper, but I was no longer able to act comfortable in her presence.
I made up my mind that I would save my paper delivery money, and in three weeks I had the ten dollars that I thought would cover the cost of her window.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按照如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
I put the money in an envelope with a letter in it.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The next day, after receiving the paper, she thanked me and said, “I have something for you.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I put the money in an envelope with a letter in it. I explained in the letter that I was terribly sorry for breaking her window and hoped that the ten dollars would cover the cost of repairing it. Then I sneaked up to the old lady’s house and put the envelope through the letter slot in her door. At that time, I felt a great sense of relief and I couldn’t wait for the freedom of, once again, looking straight into the old lady’s eyes.
The next day, after receiving the paper, she thanked me and said, “I have something for you.” It was a bag of cookies. I thanked her and ate the cookies as I continued my route. After several cookies, I felt an envelope and pulled it out of the bag. When I opened the envelope, I was shocked. Inside was the 10 dollars and a short note that said, “I’m proud of you.” She knew it was me. But instead of blaming and punishing me, she chose to forgive me. Even so many years later, she is still deeply engraved in my mind, who taught me a valuable lesson in my life.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是读后续写。本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者小时候不小心用石头打碎了一位老妇人的窗户，和同伴们落荒而逃。但是作者感到很愧疚，每天给老妇人送报纸时看到她和蔼的笑容和眼神都觉得羞愧。于是作者存了三个星期的工资，把这些钱悄悄送给老妇人想要赔偿修理窗户的钱。但是第二天作者再去送报纸时，老妇人送给他的饼干里有一个信封，里面是他的钱和老妇人写的一张便条，上面说为他感到骄傲。这教会了作者宽恕。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我把钱放在一个信封里，信封里面有一封信。”可知，第一段可描写作者把装有信和钱的信封悄悄放进老妇人家门上的信箱里，以及作者当时的心情。
②由第二段首句内容“第二天，收到报纸后，她感谢我说：‘我有东西要给你。’”可知，第二段可描写作者从老妇人送东西中发现被退回的钱，并得知老妇人很高兴作者能够主动承认错误并原谅了作者。
2. 续写线索：写信道歉送钱赔偿——感到放松——像往常一样送报纸——收到饼干——发现退回的钱和便条——得到原谅与赞赏
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①修理：repair/fix
②直视某人：look straight into one’s eyes/look sb in the face
③打开：open/unfold
情绪类
①感到如释重负：feel a great sense of relief/feel greatly relieved
②感谢：thank sb./express one’s gratitude to sb
②为……感到骄傲：be proud of/take pride in
【点睛】【高分句型1】I explained in the letter that I was terribly sorry for breaking her window and hoped that the ten dollars would cover the cost of repairing it. (运用了that引导的宾语从句 ）
【高分句型2】 I thanked her and ate the cookies as I continued my route. (运用了as引导的状语从句)
【高分句型3】Inside was the 10 dollars and a short note that said, “I’m proud of you.” (运用了倒装句以及that的限制性定语从句)
听力答案：1-5 CABAC 6-10 ABCBA 11-15 BAABC 16-20 CBCAB
