2023-2024学年仁爱版英语八年级上册Unit 4 Topic 2 How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake?同步练习（含解析）

Unit 4 Topic 2同步练习
一、阅读理解
阅读下面三篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题
A
What should you do if there’s an earthquake at school How can you protect yourself when you are caught in a stampede (踩踏) March 28 this year provides you with a good chance to learn about safety.
This day is called NDESEMSS (the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students, 全国中小学生安全教育日). The theme (主题) of the day this year is to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe.
A survey (调查) showed that school accidents kill more students than anything else. The main accidents come from stampedes, earthquakes, fires and so on.
What can we do to keep ourselves safe Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents. But different accidents have different self-protection (自我保护) advice.
A stampede is possible anywhere. On 29th October, 2022, stampedes in Korea killed at least (至少) 120 people. The larger a human crowd gets, the more likely stampedes become. When students around you begin to push, stand still and try to hold onto something, or stay in a corner until the crowd leaves. If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands, lean one side, curl (蜷缩) up your body and bend (弯曲) your legs.
Earthquakes are common natural disasters (灾难). When you feel the ground shake, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold onto something. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don’t stay near buildings, trees or power lines.
When there’s a fire, follow the teachers’ advice, leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth to cover your mouth and nose so that you don’t breathe (呼吸) in smoke.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．What’s the theme of NDESEMSS this year
A．To give students more knowledge about science and make their study better.
B．To give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe.
C．To give students more knowledge about sports and make them keep healthy.
D．To give students more knowledge about health and make sure they eat healthily.
2．What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage
A．Keep calm. B．Run away. C．Cry loudly. D．Stand still.
3．What can we get according to Paragraph 5
A．A stampede most happened in a crowded place.
B．Stampedes in Korea killed 120 people on 29th October, 2022.
C．When there is a stampede, you should shout to others.
D．If you fall down in a moving crowd, you should stand still.
4．According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE
A．The main accidents at school only come from earthquakes.
B．Car accidents kill the most school students of all accidents.
C．When an earthquake happens, you should stay near buildings or trees.
D．When there’s a fire, you should use cloth to cover your mouth and nose.
5．What’s the best title for this passage
A．How to Be Away from a Stampede B．What to Do in an Earthquake
C．How to Protect Yourself D．What to Do in a Fire
B
At least one child dies in a house fire every day. Every day, 293 children are injured by fire.
House fires are the reasons for about 90% of all fire-related deaths.
77% of families don’t have a house fire escape (逃离) plan. Creating and following such a plan can help you escape a house fire.
Fire can spread (蔓延) quickly through a house, leaving a family as little as 2 minutes to escape safely once the alarm sounds.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
6．How many children die in house fires every day
A．At least 1. B．At least 293.
C．At least 90. D．At least 77.
7．Which of the following fires cause the most deaths
A．Forest fires. B．School fires.
C．House fires. D．Wildfires.
8．What is necessary for a family to escape a house fire according to the text
A．A clock. B．A window.
C．A house fire escape plan. D．A map of the house.
9．How much time does a family have to escape a house fire once the alarm sounds
A．1 minute. B．2 minutes.
C．5 minutes. D．10 minutes.
10．What can you learn from the text
A．What can cause a fire.
B．How to make a house fire escape plan.
C．What we should do to escape a house fire.
D．Who we should ask for help when there is a house fire.
C
Hurricanes (飓风) are storms. They can cause terrible waves, wind and rain. They happen in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean most of the time
Category (类别) Scientists divide (划分) them into five categories according to the wind speed. A Category 5 hurricane can destroy (摧毁) all the buildings.
Characteristic (特征) Hurricane Season usually comes on June 1st and ends on November 30th in the Atlantic Ocean, from May 15th to November 30th in the Pacific Ocean.
Danger It can cause flood when a hurricane comes with heavy rain. A hurricane has an eye. The eye means the center of a hurricane. After the eye passes, the wind and rain comes again.
Safety advice Stay inside during the hurricane, or you’ll be injured.
根据材料内容，选择正确答案。
11．How long does Hurricane Season usually last in the Atlantic Ocean
A．About 3 months. B．About 4 months. C．About 5 months. D．About 6 months.
12．What can be used to divide hurricanes according to the passage
A．By wind speed. B．By the degree of damage (破坏程度).
C．By the places of hurricanes. D．By the time of hurricanes happening.
13．What is called the eye
A．The speed of a hurricane. B．The center of a hurricane.
C．The damage of a hurricane. D．The height of a hurricane.
14．When a hurricane comes with heavy rains, ________ will happen.
A．a tsunami (海啸) B．a strong wind C．an earthquake D．a flood
15．What should we do when a hurricane happens
A．Call the police. B．Walk outside. C．Stay inside. D．Run after it.
二、完形填空
先通读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从短文后面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Chongqing People Got Together to Fight the Fire
Chongqing, a city of more than 32 million people, faced a terrible test in the summer of 2022. In August, Chongqing kept 16 the fire caused by the hot and dry weather. People from all works of life volunteered to 17 the terrible fire together.
Some people cut down trees to make fire barriers (屏障). Others 18 motor bikes on newly formed (形成) roads to take firefighters and supplies (补给) up the mountain, while some volunteers carried food and drinks 19 their backs on foot. Women and children helped organize supplies, cleaned the ground and finished other 20 tasks.
On Thursday night, as the fire got close to a man-made barrier on Jinyun Mountain, more than 1, 000 firefighters and 21 stood along-side the barrier with fire extinguishers (灭火器). Seen from over-head, 22 lights formed a wall against the fire line.
The stories of these people have 23 many people. Du Hailang, head of the Beijing Emergency Rescue Association (应急救援协会), was one of them. He and 10 other people of the association joined the life-saving team in Chongqing. He said, “Chongqing people are really amazing. The man-made wall was unbelievable, 24 it was really surprising. It really showed Chinese people’s 25 will to protect their homeland.”
16．A．fighting B．starting C．making
17．A．care for B．find out C．put out (熄灭)
18．A．bought B．rode C．sold
19．A．in B．at C．on
20．A．important B．impossible C．difficult
21．A．farmers B．workers C．volunteers
22．A．her B．their C．his
23．A．refused B．chosen C．touched
24．A．because B．but C．and
25．A．weak B．happy C．strong
三、语篇填空
第一节阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
short happen warn outside learn light shake sudden be careful
Earthquakes always happen 26 , so it is difficult to 27 people about them. When an earthquake 28 , you should keep calm. If you 29 inside, don’t jump out of high buildings and stay away from windows. When the ground stops 30 , you should leave the building quickly. If you are 31 , move away from buildings and don’t stand near street 32 or under power lines. Stay away from bridges and trees. If you are in the mountains, be 33 of rocks. In 34 , follow what you 35 in school to help yourself and others.
第二节 根据短文内容，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使用短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Do you have any idea about what to do before, during and after an earthquake To keep you safe, here is some 36 / d'va s/.
An earthquake can be very serious, so 37 is necessary to prepare yourself and your family for it. All family members (成员) should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity (电). They should also know some important telephone 38 (number), such as 120, 119 and so on.
During an earthquake, keeping calm is 39 (use) for you. If you are indoors, move to a safe place in the room 40 (quick), for example, under a strong desk or table. By doing this, you can 41 /pr 'tekt/ yourself from falling things. Remember to stay away from windows, tall furniture, heavy pictures and so on. If you are 42 (cook), turn off the gas at once. If you are outdoors, move to a 43 /kl / area like a playground. Get away from buildings, bridges and trees. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible 44 then find a safe place to park.
After an earthquake, don’t run out 45 the building when the shaking stops. You had better stay in your safe place until the shaking stops for 1 or 2 minutes. Check around you, then help the people who are injured.
四、补全对话
根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
A: Hello, Linda! 46
B: Sure, go ahead.
A: 47
B: Yes. Many earthquakes happen every year in some places.
A: 48
B: Yes. I think we should stay under a table when we are indoors. And we shouldn’t stand near buildings when we are outdoors.
A: Do you think we should sit on the floor close to a wall if we are in the room
B: 49 . And we should use our arms to protect our head.
A: What should we do if we feel afraid
B: 50 . It is important to stay calm if we are in the earthquake.
A: Thanks very much.
B: You’re welcome.
五、书面表达
近几年来，校园安全事故时有发生。因此，我们中学生必须具备自我保护的意识和能力。假如你是李华，你的学校将以“How to protect ourselves”为主题的小视频录制比赛，请你写一篇英语演说稿。内容包括：
（1）谈谈同学们在生活中遇到的问题
（2）对如何保护自身安全提出三点建议
要求：字数80字左右，开头已给出。
These years, the safety of students is becoming a serious problem.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys
1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中小学生在校期间遇到踩踏、地震、火灾等危险时应该如何保护自己。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The theme of the day this year is to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe.”可知今年的主题是给学生更多的安全知识，确保他们的生命安全，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents.”可知，当意外发生时，首先应该保持镇静。故选A。
3．判断推理题。根据第五段“The larger a human crowd gets, the more likely stampedes become.”可知，踩踏事故最可能发生在拥挤的地方。故选A。
4．判断推理题。根据最后一段可知，当发生火灾时，你应该用布来遮住口鼻，所以选项D符合。故选D。
5．最佳标题题。根据全文，这篇文章介绍了中小学生在校期间遇到踩踏、地震、火灾等危险时应该如何保护自己，所以C最符合。故选C。
6．A 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．C
【解析】本文讲述了房屋火灾的危害性及家庭应该如何逃离房屋火灾。
6．细节理解题。根据“At least one child dies in a house fire every day.”可知，每天至少有一名儿童死于房屋火灾。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据“House fires are the reasons for about 90% of all fire-related deaths.”可知，大约90%的火灾相关死亡是由房屋火灾造成的。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据“77% of families don’t have a house fire escape (逃离) plan. Creating and following such a plan can help you escape a house fire.”可知，房屋火灾逃离计划是必需的。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据“Fire can spread (蔓延) quickly through a house, leaving a family as little as 2 minutes to escape safely once the alarm sounds.”可知，只有2分钟，故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据表格最后两排可知，讲了家庭应该如何逃离房屋火灾，故选C。
11．D 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C
【解析】本文主要介绍了飓风的类别、特征、危害和安全措施。
11．细节理解题。根据“Hurricane Season usually comes on June 1st and ends on November 30th in the Atlantic Ocean”可知，大西洋的飓风季节通常从6月1日开始，11月30日结束，大约6个月。故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据“Scientists divide (划分) them into five categories according to the wind speed.”可知，科学家根据风速将它们分为五类。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据“A hurricane has an eye. The eye means the center of a hurricane.”可知，飓风有眼。风眼指飓风的中心。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据“It can cause flood when a hurricane comes with heavy rain.”可知，当飓风伴随着大雨来袭时，它会引起洪水。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据“Stay inside during the hurricane, or you’ll be injured.”可知，飓风来的时候待在室内，不然你会受伤的。故选C。
16．A 17．C 18．B 19．C 20．A 21．C 22．B 23．C 24．C 25．C
【解析】本文讲述了重庆的山火，大家众志成城，齐心合力，终于扑灭了山火。
16．句意：八月，重庆一直与高温干燥的天气引发的火灾作斗争。
fighting斗争；starting开始；making制造。根据“the fire caused by the hot and dry weather.”可知，是指重庆一直与高温干燥引发的火灾作斗争。故选A。
17．句意：各行各业的人们自愿一起来扑灭这场可怕的大火。
care for关心；find out找出；put out熄灭。根据“the terrible fire together.”可知，是指一起扑灭大火。故选C。
18．句意：其他人骑摩托车在新形成的道路上送消防队员和补给上山，而一些志愿者则携带食物和饮料步行。
bought买；rode骑；sold卖。根据“motor bikes on newly formed (形成) roads to take firefighters and supplies (补给) up the mountain”可知，是“骑着”摩托车送消防员和补给上山。故选B。
19．句意：其他人骑摩托车在新形成的道路上送消防队员和补给上山，而一些志愿者则携带食物和饮料步行。
in在……里面；at在；on在……上面。根据“carried food and drinks ... their backs”可知，是把食物和饮料背在背上。故选C。
20．句意：妇女和儿童帮助组织供应品，清洁地面和完成其它重要任务。
important重要的；impossible不可能的；difficult困难的。根据“Women and children helped organize supplies, cleaned the ground and finished other”可知，妇女和儿童做的一些相对简单但又很重要的任务。故选A。
21．句意：1000多名消防员和志愿者拿着灭火器沿着隔离墙站着。
farmers农民；workers工人；volunteers志愿者。根据“People from all works of life volunteered to ... the terrible fire together.”可知，此处是指消防员和志愿者拿着灭火器沿着隔离墙站着。故选C。
22．句意：从头顶上看去，他们的灯光形成了抗击火线的一堵墙。
her她的；their他们的；his他的。根据“more than 1, 000 firefighters and ... stood along-side the barrier with fire extinguishers”可知，是指消防员和志愿者们头上的灯光，用their指代。故选B。
23．句意：这些人的故事感动了很多人。
refused拒绝；chosen选择；touched感动。根据“The stories of these people have ... many people.”及前文介绍重庆人民与火灾作斗争的过程可知，他们的事迹感动了很多人。故选C。
24．句意：这堵人造墙是令人难以置信的，它确实令人惊讶。
because因为；but但是；and和。空前后句是并列关系，用and连接。故选C。
25．句意：它真正显示了中国人民保护家园的坚强意志。
weak虚弱的；happy高兴的；strong坚强的。根据“will to protect their homeland.”可知，是指保护家园的坚强意志。故选C。
26．suddenly 27．warn 28．happens 29．are 30．shaking 31．outside 32．lights 33．careful 34．short 35．learned/learnt
【解析】本文主要讲述了在地震发生时应该怎么做。
26．句意：地震总是突然发生，所以很难警告人们。根据“Earthquakes always happen”可知，地震是突然发生的。suddenly“突然地”，副词修饰动词happen，故填suddenly。
27．句意：地震总是突然发生，所以很难警告人们。根据“so it is difficult to...people about them.”结合选词可知，地震发生得很突然，所以很难警告人们。warn“警告”，空前有动词不定式符号，动词用原形，故填warn。
28．句意：当地震发生时，你应该保持冷静。根据“When an earthquake..., you should keep calm.”可知，指的是地震发生的时候。happen“发生”，本句是一般现在时，主语是单数，动词用三单形式，故填happens。
29．句意：如果你在室内，不要从高楼上跳下来，远离窗户。此处应填be动词，if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主语是you，be动词用are，故填are。
30．句意：当地面停止震动时，你应该迅速离开大楼。根据“When the ground stops..., you should leave the building quickly”结合备选词汇可知，此处是指地面停止震动。shake“震动”，stop doing sth“停止正在做的事情”，故填shaking。
31．句意：如果你在室外，远离建筑物，不要站在路灯附近或电线下面。前面提到了在室内，此处是指在室外，outside“外面的”，故填outside。
32．句意：如果你在室外，远离建筑物，不要站在路灯附近或电线下面。根据“don’t stand near street...or under power lines”结合备选词汇可知，在室外不要站在路灯附近，应用street light，名词应用复数表泛指，故填lights。
33．句意：如果你在山里，小心岩石。根据“If you are in the mountains”可知，在山里要小心岩石。be careful of“小心”，故填careful。
34．句意：简而言之，遵循你在学校学到的东西来帮助自己和他人。根据“In”和选词可知，此处是固定短语in short“简而言之”，故填short。
35．句意：简而言之，遵循你在学校学到的东西来帮助自己和他人。根据“follow what you...in school to help yourself and others.”可知，用在学校学到的东西来帮助自己和他人。learn“学习”，东西是过去学习到的，时态用一般过去时，动词应用过去式，故填learned/learnt。
36．advice 37．it 38．numbers 39．useful 40．quickly 41．protect 42．cooking 43．clear 44．and 45．of
【解析】本文主要讲述了在地震之前、期间和之后该做什么。
36．句意：为了保证你的安全，这里有一些建议。根据音标提示可知，此处应是advice“建议”，为不可数名词。故填advice。
37．句意：地震可能是非常严重的，所以为自己和家人做好准备是有必要的。根据“... is necessary to prepare yourself and your family for it.”可知，此处为“it+be+形容词+to do sth.”结构，表示“做某事是……的”，it作形式主语。故填it。
38．句意：他们还应该知道一些重要的电话号码，如120、119等。telephone number“电话号码”，根据“such as 120, 119 and so on”可知，此处应用可数名词复数numbers表泛指。故填numbers。
39．句意：在地震中，保持冷静对你很有用。use“使用”，动词，此处应用形容词useful“有用的”作表语。故填useful。
40．句意：如果你在室内，迅速移动到房间内安全的地方。quick“快速的”，形容词，此处应用副词quickly修饰动词move。故填quickly。
41．句意：通过这样做，你可以保护自己免受坠落物的的伤害。根据音标提示可知，此处应是动词protect“保护”，protect sb. fom sth.“保护某人免受某事伤害”，情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填protect。
42．句意：如果你正在做饭，马上关掉煤气。根据“If you are... turn off the gas at once.”及语境可知，此处if引导的从句时态用现在进行时，结构为”are doing“，cook“做饭”现在分词为cooking。故填cooking。
43．句意：如果你在户外，移动到一个空旷的地方，比如操场。根据音标提示可知，此处应是形容词clear“畅通的，无阻碍的”，修饰名词area。故填clear。
44．句意：如果你正在开车，请尽快停车，然后找一个安全的地方停车。根据“stop the car as soon as possible”和“then find a safe place to park”可知，前后者为顺承关系，应用and连接。故填and。
45．句意：地震发生后，不要在地震停止时跑出建筑物。根据下文“You had better stay in your safe place until the shaking stops for 1 or 2 minutes.”可知，此处是指不要跑出建筑物，run out of“从……跑出”。故填of。
46．May I ask some questions 47．Do you know anything about the earthquake 48．Do you know how to protect ourselves in the earthquake 49．Yes, I think so 50．We should try to keep calm
【解析】本文是一则对话。A和琳达谈论了在地震发生时如何保护自己。
46．根据答语“Sure, go ahead.”以及下面的询问的内容可知，此处表示想问几个问题。故填May I ask some questions。
47．根据答语“Yes. Many earthquakes happen every year in some places.”可知， 此处是询问对方是否了解地震的事情。故填Do you know anything about the earthquake。
48．根据“Yes. I think we should stay under a table when we are indoors. And we shouldn’t stand near buildings when we are outdoors.”可知，为了保护自己，在室内时我们应该躲在桌子下面；在户外时，我们不应该站在建筑物附近；那么此处应该询问对方是否知道在地震中如何保护自己。故填Do you know how to protect ourselves in the earthquake。
49．根据“Do you think we should sit on the floor close to a wall if we are in the room ”和“And we should use our arms to protect our head.”可知，此处是对上文一般疑问的肯定回答，表示认可对方的观点。故填Yes, I think so。
50．根据“What should we do if we feel afraid ”和“It is important to stay calm if we are in the earthquake.”可知，此处是指当我们害怕时，应该尽量保持冷静。故填We should try to keep calm。
五．
How to protect ourselves
These years, the safety of students is becoming a serious problem. I think it’s necessary for us to know how to protect ourselves from danger.
When the earthquake happens, we should hide under a strong desk or a table. Don’t stand near the window which may hurt you. Stay away from traffic accidents. We should follow traffic rules. Be careful while crossing the road. It’s also dangerous to play in the street. If you find house on fire, don’t be nervous. Just call 119 for help and try to get out of the burning house as quickly as possible.
All in all, we need to learn how to protect ourselves and stay away from danger.
【解析】
① 题材：本文是一篇演讲稿；
② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③ 提示：根据所给提示完成写作，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。
第一步，总体介绍演说稿的目的；
第二步，介绍生活中常见的问题以及针对该问题提出一些建议；
第三步，总结全文 。
①follow traffic rules遵守交通规则
②stay away from远离
③all in all总而言之
①If you find house on fire, don’t be nervous.（if引导的条件状语从句）
②All in all, we need to learn how to protect ourselves and stay away from danger.（疑问词+不定式）