2023全国高考真题英语汇编
写作
一、建议信
1．（2023·北京·统考高考真题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
(1)活动形式；
(2)活动内容。
注意：(1)词数100左右；
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
2．（2023·全国·高考真题） 假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明问题；
2. 提出建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
二、其他应用文
3．（2023·全国·高考真题）假设你是明启中学高一学生李明，你在The Evening News这份报纸上看到一篇关于改造你所在的城市的文章，文中提到了将河边的一块空地改造成自然保护区(nature reserve)。你认为这个改造方案的提议不受年轻人欢迎，请写一封信给该报的编辑，谈谈你的看法，你的文章必须包括：
1. 你不赞同建自然保护区的原因;
2. 提出一个替代的方案并说明原因。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．（2023·全国·高考真题）假定你是李华，最近一直在使用ChatGPT辅助自己的学习，颇有收获和感受，现请你在班级发言，内容要点包括：
1. 使用体验和评价；2. 使用建议和希望。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you!
5．（2023·全国·高考真题）你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。
内容包括：
1. 海洋的重要性；
2. 保护海洋的倡议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6．（2023·全国·高考真题）假定你是李华。你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会，并在英文网站展示。请你写一封邮件给外国朋友Chris，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人。邮件内容包括：
1．阐明写信事由；
2．征求建议；
3．表示感谢。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7．（2023·全国·高考真题）你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：
1. 分析优势与不足；
2. 提出学习建议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右;
2. 题目和首句已为你写好。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
三、邀请信
8．（2023·全国·高考真题）假定你是高三学生李华，下周六晚上6:00-8:00你校将在礼堂举办一场融合中西文化元素的音乐会。你的外籍老师Linda非常喜欢音乐，请你写一封信邀请她参加此次活动。
内容包括：
1.发出邀请；
2.活动时间和地点；
3.活动内容和意义。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节使行文流畅。
Dear Linda,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
9．（2023·全国·高考真题）假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：
1. 节目介绍；
2. 访谈的时间和话题。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Caroline,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
参考答案
1．Dear Jim,
Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions.
I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through getting involved in different activities by themselves. You can showcase garbage classification on site, plant trees and publicize sharing economy, which will all fit into the theme of “Green Beijing”.
Hopefully, you will get some inspiration from my suggestions. Wish you success.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Jim策划的“绿色北京”社团活动给出一些建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion→tip
提供：offer→provide
开展：carry out→conduct
主题：theme→topic
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my d help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions.
拓展句：Since you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through getting involved in different activities by themselves. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
2．Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3. I think it’s not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.
My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together.
Thank you for considering my suggestion.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇是应用文写作，要求考生给外教写一封邮件，告诉他将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
首先：to begin with → first of all
提高：improve → progress
建议：suggestion → advice
选择：choose → select
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
拓展句：My suggestion is that we are supposed to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]
Besides, Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.（运用了省略句和who引导定语从句）
3．One possible version:
Dear editor,
I am Li Ming from Mingqi High School. Here I am writing to respond to your article about establishing a nature reserve by the river.
Actually, I don’t think it popular among young people. Although a nature reserve can be beneficial in providing habitats for wild animals and plants and protecting our environment, it should be acknowledged that a city with such a large population cannot afford to spare a vast space to function simply as a nature reserve. There may be a more feasible and beneficial plan, which can take into account both the wild lives and the citizens.
A recreational wetland park, I believe, is an alternative for you to consider. In this park, for one thing, the wild lives, especially those birds, can seek shelter and the water quality can be improved. For another, the citizens, as they appreciate the natural ecology and gain relief, can have more options to have various activities. To illustrate, teenagers can go biking or hiking and the family with children can go camping.
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Ming
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是明启中学高一学生李明，你在The Evening News这份报纸上看到一篇关于改造你所在的城市的文章，文中提到了将河边的一块空地改造成自然保护区(nature reserve)。你认为这个改造方案的提议不受年轻人欢迎，请写一封信给该报的编辑，谈谈你的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建立：establish→set up
考虑：take into account→take into consideration
各种各样的：various→a variety of
可行的：feasible→possible
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Here I am writing to respond to your article about establishing a nature reserve by the river.
拓展句：The reason why I am writing is that I would like to respond to your article about establishing a nature reserve by the river.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Although a nature reserve can be beneficial in providing habitats for wild animals and plants and protecting our environment, it should be acknowledged that a city with such a large population cannot afford to spare a vast space to function simply as a nature reserve. (运用了Although引导让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] There may be a more feasible and beneficial plan, which can take into account both the wild lives and the citizens. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
4．One possible version:
Dear fellow students,
Have you been using ChatGPT I have been since it was released. As a fan of it, I interact with it a lot, seeking better ideas, different solutions and various learning materials. Frankly speaking, ChatGPT, this powerful and interesting chatbot, makes for my study. It provides support, guidance and even motivation, enabling me to work autonomously and efficiently. But however intelligent ChatGPT is, it is just a tool developed to serve us. As students, we should never depend too much on it, let alone be replaced or dominated by it in our study. We should use it wisely. Hopefully, we all will embrace such AI technology as ChatGPT, use them properly and get the most out of them.
That’s all. Thank you!
【导语】本文是应用文。假定你是李华，最近一直在使用ChatGPT辅助自己的学习，颇有收获和感受，现请你在班级发言，内容要点包括：使用体验和评价；使用建议和希望。
【详解】1.词汇积累
寻找：seek→look for
各种各样的：various→a variety of
提供： provide→offer
明智地：wisely→advisably
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Frankly speaking, ChatGPT, this powerful and interesting chatbot, makes for my study.
拓展句：Frankly speaking, ChatGPT, which is a powerful and interesting chatbot, makes for my study.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I interact with it a lot, seeking better ideas, different solutions and various learning materials. (运用了非谓语动词作状语)
[高分句型2] But however intelligent ChatGPT is, it is just a tool developed to serve us.(运用了however引导的状语从句)
5．When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious. World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation.
Ocean plays a key role in our world. Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. Thus, it is imperative to protect ocean. First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions. For example, garbage can’t be thrown into ocean. What’s more, we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is.
All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean. To protect ocean is to protect ourselves.
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，就世界海洋日为主题向英文征文比赛投稿，阐述海洋的重要性并提出一些建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
越来越：more and more→increasingly
重视：place importance on→attach importance to
重要的：key→significant
此外：what’s more→furthermore
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation.
拓展句：World Ocean Day, which falls on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature.(运用了部分倒装结构)
[高分句型2]When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious.(使用了固定句型)
[高分句型3]First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.(使用了主语从句)
6．Dear Chris，
How are you doing these days I’m writing to ask you some advice.
In order to promote Chinese traditional culture and post some class meetings on English websites, our school is going to organise class meetings, the theme of which is traditional Chinese culture. We can choose a variety of themes, such as calligraphy, martial arts, oil paintings, papercutting and so on. I’m wondering if you could let me know which of them you like best and which of them people from outside of China are more likely to be interested in.
Thank you for your help. I’d appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.
Yours，
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定考生是李华。你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会，并在英文网站展示。请你写一封邮件给外国朋友Chris，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
建议：suggestion→ advice
提高：heighten→ promote
各种各样： all kinds of→ a variety of
选择：select→ choose
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We can choose a variety of themes, such as calligraphy, martial arts, oil paintings, papercutting and so on.
拓展句：We can choose a variety of themes, which include calligraphy, martial arts, oil paintings, papercutting and so on.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In order to promote Chinese traditional culture and post some class meetings on English websites, our school is going to organise class meetings, the theme of which is traditional Chinese culture..（介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] I’m wondering if you could let me know which of them you like best and which of them people from outside of China are more likely to be interested in.（if引导的宾语从句）
7．one possible version:
Be smart online learners
Network learning has increasingly become an important means for people to acquire knowledge and solve problems. But being smart online learners has its advantages and disadvantages.
First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizon. Besides, we can take the initiative in our study by ourselves without time and space limit.
Of course, these disadvantages are as follows. Faced with all kinds of information on the internet, we can’t tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful to our study and life. On the other hand, online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be affected.
In conclusion, we should have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿，参加学校举办的英语演讲比赛。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
充分利用：make full use of→ make the most of
扩宽，丰富：broaden→ enrich
各种各样的：all kinds of→ varieties of
影响：affect→ influence
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizon.
拓展句：First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources in order that we can broaden the horizon.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Faced with all kinds of information on the internet, we can’t tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful to our study and life.（运用了形容词短语作状语，which引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】On the other hand, online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be affected.（运用了现在分词短语作结果状语，it作形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语）
8．Dear Linda,
Our school will hold a musical concert next Saturday. Knowing that we have great interest in music, I’m writing this letter to invite you to attend it.
The concert will be scheduled in our school hall from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm this Friday, lasting 2 hours. During this concert, not only can we appreciate classical folk songs of China and western countries, but we can also have a chance to listen to the music originally composed by gifted students as well. It is guaranteed that you will be deeply impressed by the combination of Chinese folk music with western musical instruments.
I am sure you will enjoy yourself and have fun.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外籍老师Linda写一封信，邀请她参加下周六晚上6:00-8:00你校将在礼堂举办一场融合中西文化元素的音乐会活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：attend →join in
感兴趣：have great interest in →show great interest in
欣赏：appreciate →enjoy
过得愉快：enjoy yourself →have a good time
2.简单句变为复合句
原句：The concert will be scheduled in our school hall from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm this Friday, lasting 2 hours.
拓展句：The concert will be scheduled in our school hall from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm this Friday, which will last 2 hours.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that we have great interest in music, I’m writing this letter to invite you to attend it. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] During this concert, not only can we appreciate classical folk songs of China and western countries, but we can also have a chance to listen to the music originally composed by gifted students as well..(运用了not only ……but also句型、部分倒装结构和过去分词作后置定语)
9．Dear Caroline,
This is my first time that I have invited you to attend our program —Talk and Talk. It is ten years since Talk and Talk was established. This is an amazing program where you can share your ideas with students. Now, when having trouble in learning English well, plenty of students urge to know how to deal with it. As our distinguished foreign language teacher, your aid can help us a lot. If you are available on this Sunday, I together with the whole Talk and Talk staff am waiting for your coming. I’d appreciate it if you take my invitation into consideration.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件邀请你的外教Caroline来你校的广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”做一次访谈。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：attend→participate in
建立：establish→set up
帮助：aid→assistance
许多：plenty of→a lot of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As our distinguished foreign language teacher, your aid can help us a lot.
拓展句：You are our distinguished foreign language teacher, whose aid can help us a lot.
【点睛】[高分句型1]This is an amazing program where you can share your ideas with students.(运用了where引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Now, when having trouble in learning English well, plenty of students urge to know how to deal with it.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句的省略结构)2023全国高考真题英语汇编
用单词的适当形式完成短文1
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mixing traditional Chinese tea with coffee has 1 (recent) become a new trend for both suppliers of both drinks. They are making every effort 2 (open) the market. Mixing tea and coffee is not a new thing as yuenyeung or yuanyang, which generally consists 3 brewed coffee and black tea with sugar and milk. Yuenyeung 4 (be) a popular refreshment option in Hong Kong over the past few years. Yuenyeung refers to a pair of mandarin ducks, one male and one female. The drink usually combines a harmonious mix of equal parts of coffee and milk tea.
As China’s coffee and tea markets are both developing quickly, the new drinks have become a window through 5 young customers can understand and learn about traditional tea culture, 6 (break) the stereotype (成见) that only the middle-aged and elderly drink tea. Domestic and international coffee brands have expanded in the past couple of years, with new products continuously being 7 (launch) that feature Chinese tea or other Chinese cultural 8 (element).
Lu Yongchen, CEO of Tim Hortons China, says, “We have seen the rise of China’s coffee consumption market 9 personally experienced the continuous improvement of the business environment and the 10 (strength) support from the government for business development.”
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A leaf fell into the water and changed the taste of it. Henceforth, tea was born.
China is known as the home of tea. Since ancient times, tea 11 (influence) Chinese culture, leaving its pleasant smell in poetry, etiquette and customs. Many tea lovers enjoy tea not just for its flavor, but for 12 beauty of tea ceremonies.
Picking tea 13 (leaf) is an important spring activity in the Yangtze River basin in South China. The earliest batch of tea is often ready 14 (pick) before Qingming, which is observed in early April 15 the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases. This precious small output of tea, widely 16 (seek) after for its outstanding quality, is called Mingqian tea.
East China’s Zhejiang province is acknowledged 17 a major producer of tea. White Tea in Anji county and West Lake Longjing Tea in Hangzhou are two renowned teas in both China and abroad. In spring, local hillsides are filled with tea workers 18 (sow) seeds on their land. In the peak seasons, many tourists flock to witness the beautiful scenery of tea farms for 19 (they), while enjoying a 20 (fresh) brewed cup of tea.
In 2022, traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China were inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The leaf has traveled a long way and continues to bloom, even today.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I arrived in Beijing three weeks ago; a native Iowan of the United States far from the land-locked Midwestern state I call home. I was eager 21 (experience) all the differences life back home never gave me. Yet soon after 22 (I) arrival I noticed some similarities, although it was laughable at first to try and compare Iowa City, where I live, 23 a population of 70,000people, and Beijing, which has about 20 million people.
I soon recognized our common love for noodles. In Beijing noodles 24 (be) a part of the traditional everyday diet and an essential part of northern Chinese 25 (dish). I’m happy to report that noodles continue to be a part of my meals and are just as affordable.
Iowans know a lot about rural life as an 26 (agriculture) state and depend on it, like China, for jobs. Iowa is also known for raising quality pigs, 27 we love to eat and so do people in China. It is reported that pork makes up nearly three-fourths of the total meat 28 (consume) annually in China and Iowa is the 29 (large) pork producer in the US.
I suppose 30 a Beijinger sat down next to an Iowan on the subway, it would turn to be an interesting conversation.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Straw weaving (草编) is a method of manufacturing daily items or artworks. It 31 (list) as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008. The earliest straw-weaving products were discovered at Hemudu Cultural Ruins (河姆渡文化遗址), 32 Neolithic cultural site located in eastern China’s Zhejiang province. One such intangible cultural inheritor, Wu Cui, can turn the straw left over from harvested wheat 33 beautiful and eye-catching artworks.
Wu explains the process of straw weaving: 34 (select) of materials is the first step of a complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive process 35 can take weeks, or even months, to complete. You need to sketch (素描) the piece on paper, which requires drawing skills. Next 36 (come) weaving, shaping and preserving of the work. Even by finishing that process, it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work, and the hardest part is to make 37 lifelike.
There are only about 100 individuals 38 (involve) in the work across the country. “The world has changed, and 39 (craftsman) need to transcend practicality and pursue the beauty and artistry of straw culture to help the craft survive and thrive,” Wu says. When asked about her plans in the future, Wu says she will systematically study the local traditional culture 40 create cultural creative products by developing the straw-weaving technique.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals
Since June 2017, right before the 41 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 42 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 43
Not the pandas, even though 44 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 45 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 46 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 47 they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning 48 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 49 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 50 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Chinese high school principal Zhang Guimei has been honored 51 the title “Role Model of the Times” in recognition of her dedication to education for girls.
With the support of the Party and the government, she helped establish the country’s first senior high school to offer free education for girls from poor families. Since it opened in 2008, it 52 (see) more than 1,800 students progress to universities and colleges.
About 20 years ago, while on the way to visit a student’s house, Zhang Guimei, then a rural teacher in Huaping county, Lijiang, Yunnan province, noticed a girl 53 (sit) on the hillside. She was staring 54 (blank) into space. The girl, 13, told Zhang she was about to get married and it was arranged by her parents.
That fateful encounter(邂逅) persuaded Zhang 55 (build) a free high school for girls, aiming to help break the spell (魔咒) 56 women drop out of education, marry early and spend 57 (they) whole life in the remote mountain.
After years of trying to raise funds, in 2008, Huaping High School for Girls, a free public high school, 58 (found) at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping, where Zhang is the principal. Over the decades, More than 1,800 59 (graduate) have been admitted to college, 60 is regarded a “miracle” in the remote area, as most students didn’t perform well in academic study before the school was established.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 61 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 62 (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 64 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 65 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 66 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 68 (record) everything I discovered.
The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 70 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 71 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 72 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 73 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 74 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 75 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 76 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 77 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 78 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 79 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 80 (want) more next time.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 81 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 82 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 83 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 84 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 85 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 86 (intend) for everyone.
87 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 88 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 89 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 90 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 91 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 92 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 93 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 94 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 95 (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 96 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 97 global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 98 thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action 99 (address)the struggles of people around the world 100 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
参考答案
1．recently 2．to open 3．of 4．has been 5．which 6．breaking 7．launched 8．elements 9．and 10．strong
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是最近，将中国传统茶与咖啡混合成为两种饮料供应商的新趋势。
1．考查副词。句意：最近，将中国传统茶与咖啡混合成为两种饮料供应商的新趋势。空格处要用副词recently修饰动词become，故填recently。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们正在尽一切努力打开市场。make every effort to do是固定短语，意为“尽一切努力做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to open。故填to open。
3．考查介词。句意：把茶和咖啡混在一起并不是什么新鲜事，比如鸳鸯茶，通常是由煮好的咖啡和加糖和牛奶的红茶组成。consist of是固定短语，意为“由……组成”，因此空格处是介词of，故填of。
4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，Yuenyeung在香港一直是一种受欢迎的茶点选择。由over the past few years可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语Yuenyeung是不可数名词，因此空格处是has been。故填has been。
5．考查定语从句。句意：随着中国咖啡和茶市场的快速发展，新饮料成为年轻顾客了解和学习传统茶文化的窗口，打破了只有中老年人才喝茶的刻板印象。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句，先行词window是物，因此空格处用which，故填which。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着中国咖啡和茶市场的快速发展，新饮料成为年轻顾客了解和学习传统茶文化的窗口，打破了只有中老年人才喝茶的刻板印象。句中谓语是have become，空格处用非谓语动词，the new drinks和break之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词，表主动，故填breaking。
7．考查动词语态。句意：过去几年，国内外咖啡品牌不断扩张，以中国茶或其他中国文化元素为特色的新产品不断推出。空格处是with复合结构，产品是被推出，因此用being done作宾语补足语，因此空格处是过去分词launched，故填launched。
8．考查名词复数。句意：过去几年，国内外咖啡品牌不断扩张，以中国茶或其他中国文化元素为特色的新产品不断推出。element是可数名词，other后跟复数，故填elements。
9．考查连词。句意：Tim Hortons中国区首席执行官Lu Yongchen表示：“我们已经看到了中国咖啡消费市场的崛起，并亲身体验了商业环境的不断改善和政府对商业发展的大力支持。”seen和experienced之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。
10．考查形容词。句意：Tim Hortons中国区首席执行官Lu Yongchen表示：“我们已经看到了中国咖啡消费市场的崛起，并亲身体验了商业环境的不断改善和政府对商业发展的大力支持。”空格处要用形容词strong作定语，修饰名词support，故填strong。
11．has influenced 12．the 13．leaves 14．to be picked 15．when 16．sought 17．as 18．sowing 19．themselves 20．freshly
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国的茶文化。
11．考查时态。句意：自古以来，茶影响了中国文化，在诗歌、礼仪和习俗中留下了怡人的气味。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做谓语，根据时间状语Since ancient times可知句子表达的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，使用现在完成时，故填has influenced。
12．考查冠词。句意：许多茶爱好者不仅喜欢茶的味道，还喜欢茶道的美丽。根据名词的用法，名词前需使用冠词，因空白处后面的名词beauty被后面的介词短语修饰表示特指，空白处使用定冠词，故填the。
13．考查名词。句意：采茶是我国南方长江流域春季的一项重要活动。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语使用名词，根据常识，茶叶应为复数，空白处应填名词复数，故填leaves。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：最早的一批茶通常在清明之前就可以采摘了，清明是在四月初气温开始上升，降雨量增加的时候。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用非谓语动词，因空白处表示的是一个尚未发生的不确定的动作，使用动词不定式，因与其逻辑主语tea之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用动词不定式的被动式，故填to be picked。
15．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词April，关系词在句子中作状语表示时间，使用when引导，故填when。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种产量很少的珍贵茶叶，因其卓越的品质而广受欢迎，被称为名前茶。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语This precious small output of tea之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填sought。
17．考查介词。句意：中国东部的浙江省被公认为茶叶的主要生产地。分析句子结构，be acknowledged as为固定句型，含义为“被公认为……”，符合句意，故填as。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：春天，当地的山坡上挤满了茶农，他们在地上播种。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语补足语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语tea workers之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填sowing。
19．考查代词。句意：在旺季，许多游客蜂拥而至，一边品尝一杯刚泡好的茶，一边亲眼目睹茶园的美景。根据句意以及空白处前面的介词for可推理出句子表达的是“为……自己”含义，空白处使用反身代词，故填themselves。
20．考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语使用副词，故填freshly。
21．to experience 22．my 23．with 24．are 25．dishes 26．agricultural 27．which 28．consumed 29．largest 30．if
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在爱荷华市体验与家乡生活不同的事情。
21．考查动词不定式。句意：我渴望体验家乡生活从未给我的所有不同。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be eager to do“渴望做某事”，满足句意要求。故填to experience。
22．考查代词。句意：然而，在我到达后不久，我就注意到了一些相似之处，尽管一开始试图将我居住的爱荷华市(拥有7万人口)与拥有约2000万人口的北京进行比较是可笑的。由空后arrival为名词可知，此处为形容词性物主代词。故填my。
23．考查介词。句意：然而，在我到达后不久，我就注意到了一些相似之处，尽管一开始试图将我居住的爱荷华市(拥有7万人口)与拥有约2000万人口的北京进行比较是可笑的。根据句意以及空后a population of 70,000people为名词短语可知，此处为介词with表示“伴随”的意思，满足句意要求。故填with。
24．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在北京，面条是传统日常饮食的一部分，也是中国北方菜的重要组成部分。主语noodles为复数意义名词，结合该句为陈述客观事实，所以为一般现在时。故填are。
25．考查名词复数形式。句意：在北京，面条是传统日常饮食的一部分，也是中国北方菜的重要组成部分。根据句意可知，此处为名词复数形式填dishes“菜肴”，满足句意要求。故填dishes。
26．考查形容词。句意：爱荷华州作为一个农业州，对农村生活非常了解，也像中国一样依赖农村来获得工作。由空前为冠词an以及空后为名词state可知，此处应为形容词形式修饰该名词。故填agricultural。
27．考查定语从句。句意：爱荷华州也以养猪而闻名，我们和中国人都爱吃猪。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词pigs在从句中作宾语成分。故填which。
28．考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，猪肉占中国每年肉类消费总量的近四分之三，而爱荷华州是美国最大的猪肉生产地。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰meat，meat和consume为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填consumed。
29．考查形容词最高级。句意：据报道，猪肉占中国每年肉类消费总量的近四分之三，而爱荷华州是美国最大的猪肉生产地。根据句意以及空前定冠词the可知，此处为形容词最高级形式largest“最大的”，满足句意要求。故填largest。
30．考查宾语从句。句意：我想，如果一个北京人在地铁上坐在一个爱荷华人旁边，那将是一段有趣的对话。分析句子可知，此处为连词if引导的宾语从句，表示“如果”，满足句意要求。故填if。
31．was listed 32．a 33．into 34．selection 35．that 36．comes 37．it 38．involved 39．craftsmen 40．and
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了草编工艺的历史和现状。
31．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2008年被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。主语It指代“Straw weaving”，和动词list之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“in 2008”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词用was，故填was listed。
32．考查不定冠词。句意：最早的草编产品是在河姆渡文化遗址发现的，河姆渡文化遗址是位于中国东部浙江省的新石器时代文化遗址。site是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且Neolithic的发音是辅音音素开头，故填a。
33．考查介词。句意：其中一位非物质文化传承人Wu Cui就能将收割小麦后剩下的稻草变成美丽而引人注目的艺术品。结合“from harvested wheat”及空后的“beautiful and eye-catching artworks”可知，此处指“从收割后的小麦变成引人注目的艺术品”，用动词短语turn…into…，故填into。
34．考查名词。句意：Wu解释了稻草编织的过程：选择材料是一个复杂、耗时和劳动密集型的过程的第一步，可能需要数周甚至数月才能完成。分析句子可知，空处应填名词作主语，selection选择，不可数名词，故填selection。
35．考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是step，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词被序数词the first修饰，关系代词只能用that。故填that。
36．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：接下来是编织、塑形和保存。句子描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，本句是完全倒装，主语“weaving, shaping and preserving of the work”不可数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填comes。
37．考查代词。句意：即使完成了这个过程，也并不意味着你总能创造出一件好的作品，最难的部分是让它栩栩如生。结合句意可知，此处指上文“a good piece of work”，表示单数意义，用代词it指代，故填it。
38．考查过去分词。句意：全国只有大约100个人参与这项工作。动词involve和individuals之间是动宾关系，故用过去分作后置定语，故填involved。
39．考查名词复数。句意：“世界已经变了，工匠们需要超越实用性，追求稻草文化的美和艺术性，以帮助这项工艺生存和发展，”Wu说。craftsman是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用复数形式表示泛指，故填craftsmen。
40．考查连词。句意：当被问及未来的计划时，吴说她将系统地学习当地的传统文化，并通过发展稻草编织技术来创造文化创意产品。结合句意可知，空前后是并列关系，应用and连接并列的谓语动词，故填and。
41．arrival 42．confident 43．with 44．the 45．visiting 46．interviews 47．why 48．Basically 49．and 50．wished
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语，大家都很疑惑，作者对此做出了解答。
41．考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
42．考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
43．考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，这道题的语序可以看成they speak English who，句子中有主语they，speak后有宾语，而who缺少一个介词，who做介词的宾语，又根据句意可推知，此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
44．考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
45．考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
46．考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。
47．考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
48．考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。
49．考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。
50．考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
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51．with 52．has seen 53．sitting/was sitting 54．blankly 55．to build 56．that 57．their 58．was founded 59．graduates 60．which
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍中国中学校长张桂梅的故事。
51．考查固定搭配。句意：中国中学校长张桂梅被授予“时代楷模”称号，以表彰她对女童教育的奉献精神。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配be honored with，意为“获得荣誉”。故填with。
52．考查谓语动词。句意：自2008年开办以来，它已经见证了1800多名学生升入大学和学院。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里有Since it opened in 2008作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，主语是it，助动词用has。故填has seen。
53．考查非谓语动词/时态。句意：大约20年前，时任云南丽江华坪县乡村教师的张桂梅在去一个学生家的路上，注意到一个女孩坐在山坡上。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词sit是被修饰的名词girl主动发出的动作，所以用现在分词形式，表示主动，作补语。也可以理解为noticed后面跟宾语从句，需要从句的谓语动词，用过去进行时，表示当时正在发生的动作，主语是girl，be动词用was。故填(was) sitting。
54．考查副词。句意：她茫然地凝视着太空。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，修饰动词staring。故填blankly。
55．考查动词短语。句意：那场灾难性的邂逅说服了张桂梅建造一所免费的女子高中，目的是帮助打破女孩辍学、早婚和在偏远山区度过一生的魔咒。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语persuade sb. to do sth.，意为“说服某人做某事”。故填to build。
56．考查同位语从句。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，“women drop out of education, marry early and spend 7 (they) whole life in the remote mountain.”是解释前面名词spell的内容，是同位语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，用连词that引导。故填that。
57．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词性物主代词，作定语，修饰后面的名词短语whole life。故填their。
58．考查谓语动词。句意：经过多年的筹资，2008年，在华坪狮子山脚下，一所免费的公立高中——华坪女子中学成立，张桂梅是该校的校长。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，动词found和主语a free public high school是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态结构，主语是a free public high school，be动词用was。故填was founded。
59．考查名词的数。句意：几十年来，共有1800余名毕业生被大学录取，这被视为偏远地区的“奇迹”，因为在学校成立之前，大多数学生的学业表现不佳。分析句子结构和意思可知，名词graduate前面有More than 1,800修饰，所以用复数形式。故填graduates。
60．考查定语从句。句意：见第9题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
61．to 62．built 63．which/that 64．wonders 65．but 66．Having visited 67．was amazed 68．recording 69．remarkable 70．means
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变化，并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。
61．考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
63．考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
64．考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
65．考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
67．考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。
69．考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
70．考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
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71．tasty 72．to bite 73．or 74．recognized 75．by 76．to be lifted 77．their 78．a 79．rarely 80．wanting
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。
71．考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。
72．考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
73．考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。
74．考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。
75．考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
76．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。
77．考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。
78．考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。
79．考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。
80．考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。
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81．to teach 82．sixth 83．as 84．where 85．borrowing 86．intended 87．Different 88．for 89．warning 90．be employed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
81．考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
82．考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
83．考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
84．考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
85．考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
86．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
87．考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
88．考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。
89．考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
90．考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
【点睛】
91．would throw
92．exactly 93．had arrived
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在瑞士和法国体验到的不同的守时习俗。
91．考查时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填would throw。
92．考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。修饰介词短语on time应用副词exactly，故填exactly。
93．考查时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。从句中表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
【点睛】
94．seen 95．cities 96．has established
【导语】本文是说明文。红树林，生长在陆地和海洋之间，有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭，到目前为止，中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。
94．考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。
95．考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。
96．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。
【点睛】
97．to 98．where 99．to address 100．facing
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。尼娜在32个国家跑过马拉松。她所有的跑步活动都有一个目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。她的努力鼓励其他人参与到一场名为“蓝色奔跑”的全球运动中来。
97．考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示“关注”短语为call attention to。故填to。
98．考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
99．考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。
100．考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。
【点睛】2023全国高考真题英语汇编
阅读理解A篇
一、阅读理解
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City ToursThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount. B．It offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours. D．It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A．?15.75. B．?19.50. C．?22.75. D．?29.50.
3．Where does the guided city tour start
A．The Gooyer, Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square.
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
4．Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A．Photography Workshops. B．Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C．Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D．Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
5．What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A．Works of famous artists. B．Protection of wild animals.
C．Basic photography skills. D．History of the canyon area.
6．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A．Artist Point. B．Washburn Trailhead.
C．Canyon Village Store. D．Visitor Education Center.
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.
To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.
Requirements for the Applicants
You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.
You have completed your high school studies.
You have at least one year of work experience.
You have strong public speaking skills.
You are self-motivated and committed.
You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.
You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.
7．In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A．create change in their community B．attend a virtual learning programme
C．meet people from different backgrounds D．promote the IOC Young Leaders project
8．If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.
A．complete a reflection task each week B．watch sports on the IOC channel
C．work on a sport-based project D．coach and advise their peers
9．Which is a requirement for the applicants
A．Spreading the message of sport for good. B．Having at least one-year work experience.
C．Showing great passion for project planning. D．Committing themselves to becoming an expert.
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues (场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
10．What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A．They adopt modern cooking methods. B．They have branches in London.
C．They have top-class chefs. D．They are based in hotels.
11．Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A．Gaggan. B．Bo. lan. C．Issaya Siamese Club. D．Nahm.
12．What is special about Gaggan
A．It hires staff from India. B．It puts on a play every day.
C．It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D．It shows the cooking process to guests.
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
13．What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A．Doing teaching jobs. B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery. D．Being banned from medicine.
14．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A．She wrote a book. B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist. D．She had formal education.
15．Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry. D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
参考答案
1．B 2．C 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
【点睛】
4．D 5．D 6．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。
4．细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) (在黄石体验野生动物（5月26日至9月2日）)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) (少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6月5日至8月21日）)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. (从一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史)”可知，在Artist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. (7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance：在奇滕登停车场的Washburn Trailhead举行)”可知，7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。
【点睛】
7．B 8．C 9．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求。
7．细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. (为期4周的学习冲刺是一个虚拟学习计划，将于2023年11月进行。这些会议可以现场观看，也可以在IOC频道播出后观看)”可知，在为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将参加虚拟学习课程。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader. (在成功完成为期4周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目计划，如果您被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与其中)”可知，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，需要做一个以运动为基础的项目。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据Requirements for the Applicants部分中“You have at least one year of work experience. (你至少有一年的工作经验)”可知，对申请人的要求是至少一年工作经验。故选B。
【点睛】
10．C 11．B 12．D
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。
10．细节理解题。根据小标题Nahm下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. (主厨大卫·汤普森(David Thompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店)”以及小标题Issays Stamese Club下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is intematoionally know Thai chef lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师lan Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C项。
11．细节理解题。根据小标题Bo. tan下的段落中“For those extremely hungry there’s a large set menu. (对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo. tan提供大型套餐。故选B项。
12．细节理解题。根据小标题Gaggan下的段落中“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. (在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D项。
【点睛】
13．C 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。
13．细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. (她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813 (她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. (Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业)”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。
14．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. (Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活)”可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。
15．细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. (四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
【点睛】2023全国高考真题英语汇编
完形填空2
一、完形填空
（2023·全国·高考真题）Recently I was very busy and I needed a timeout. So I decided to drive to the supermarket and pick up dinner instead of doing my usual 1 .
In the supermarket, I took fat and juicy chicken and some warm cornbread. As the cashier began processing my items, I 2 my bag for my credit card. However, I realized my wallet was not there. In 3 , I told the cashier I had left my money at home and apologized sincerely, offering to 4 my items to where I 5 them. Just at that moment the supermarket owner appeared, saying “Please, take everything home and 6 the dinner. It’s on the house tonight!” I tried to 7 the lovely offer but he 8 a dark chocolate bar near the counter and said, “Here! Take this, too!” His act of 9 lifted everybody present. I thanked him 10 for making my day.
When I approached home, as I 11 into my driveway, I saw my next-door neighbor had just mowed my lawn (草坪). He was putting on the finishing touches, clearing the cut grass. Feeling 12 , I jumped out of my car and asked him how much he wanted for his 13 , to which he replied,“Nothing at all. The lawn needed doing.” He 14 me off summarily as he returned to his home. A second scoop of good 15 had landed in my lap, which again reminded me kindness is everywhere in the world.
1．A．walking B．cooking C．shopping D．teaching
2．A．reached into B．stared at C．put aside D．watched over
3．A．anger B．amazement C．satisfaction D．embarrassment
4．A．clear B．show C．pack D．return
5．A．bought B．put C．took D．ate
6．A．enjoy B．prepare C．donate D．deliver
7．A．appreciate B．withdraw C．decline D．ensure
8．A．looked at B．picked up C．showed off D．put away
9．A．courage B．generosity C．faith D．bravery
10．A．hurriedly B．curiously C．hesitantly D．sincerely
11．A．searched B．dug C．crashed D．pulled
12．A．regretful B．excited C．nervous D．energetic
13．A．efforts B．talent C．guidance D．goods
14．A．sent B．drove C．waved D．turned
15．A．appetite B．deal C．fortune D．reputation
（2023·全国·高考真题）The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 16 a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 17 . Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 18 .
I 19 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 20 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 21 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 22 . He stopped every few minutes to move the 23 higher up the tree trunk.
24 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 25 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d 26 the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too 27 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 28 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were 29 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the right 30 to go back up.
16．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness
17．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves
18．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless
19．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited
20．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked
21．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated
22．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing
23．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey
24．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately
25．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched
26．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto
27．A．high B．early C．fast D．close
28．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading
29．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry
30．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order
（2023·全国·高考真题）Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it 31 . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive 32 , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel 33 .
They’re part of a new form of the 34 economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in 35 homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s 36 .
It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully 37 their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to 38 . But house sitting also offers a level of 39 they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like 40 at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
The couple has a high 41 rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s 42 . For Jessica, that means 43 plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house 44 and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right 45 ,” she says.
31．A．indoors B．online C．single-handed D．full-time
32．A．game B．service C．vacation D．procedure
33．A．safe B．busy C．helpful D．affordable
34．A．local B．private C．sharing D．agricultural
35．A．strangers’ B．parents’ C．co-workers’ D．neighbors’
36．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence
37．A．plan B．explain C．compare D．complete
38．A．buy B．transport C．choose D．please
39．A．support B．comfort C．control D．attention
40．A．cooking B．staying C．waiting D．studying
41．A．success B．survival C．growth D．unemployment
42．A．budget B．abilities C．expectations D．understanding
43．A．admiring B．donating C．sending D．borrowing
44．A．clean B．open C．simple D．empty
45．A．guess B．decision C．response D．impression
（2023·全国·高考真题）My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 46 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 47 along Chalk Creek. I was 48 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 49 , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 50 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 51 — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 52 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 53 our peaceful morning trip. The 54 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 55 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 56 . We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 57 , a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were 58 .
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 59 , wondering what camping fun and 60 we will experience next.
46．A．ideas B．jokes C．memories D．discoveries
47．A．camped B．drove C．walked D．cycled
48．A．annoyed B．surprised C．disappointed D．worried
49．A．unhurt B．unfortunate C．uncomfortable D．unafraid
50．A．due to B．instead of C．apart from D．as for
51．A．worked B．happened C．mattered D．changed
52．A．signed up B．calmed down C．checked out D．headed off
53．A．arranged B．interrupted C．completed D．recorded
54．A．wind B．noise C．temperature D．speed
55．A．find B．hide C．start D．fix
56．A．luck B．answer C．wonder D．signal
57．A．patiently B．tirelessly C．doubtfully D．helplessly
58．A．sorry B．brave C．safe D．right
59．A．relief B．duty C．pride D．excitement
60．A．failure B．adventure C．performance D．conflict
（2023·全国·高考真题）You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 61 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with 62 . When I first dated Steve, I 63 he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 64 that he was an animal lover, I 65 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 66 , the cat.
The next week we 67 our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 68 , Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 69 He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 70 , I began to fall for him.
We 71 to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her 72 . I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly 73 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 74 his house. All worked 75 . The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, 76 Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team 77 for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my 78 , this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 79 him to. That’s only for giving 80 to the dogs that brought us together.
61．A．ownership B．membership C．companionship D．leadership
62．A．reservations B．expectations C．confidence D．prejudice
63．A．feared B．doubted C．hoped D．learned
64．A．unsatisfied B．amused C．terrified D．thrilled
65．A．predicted B．worried C．regretted D．insisted
66．A．Flora B．Chance C．Molly D．Tilly
67．A．tied B．walked C．bathed D．fed
68．A．breath B．balance C．attention D．imagination
69．A．calm B．sure C．soon D．real
70．A．By the way B．In that case C．By all means D．In that moment
71．A．continued B．decided C．intended D．pretended
72．A．eye B．tail C．ear D．leg
73．A．secretly B．constantly C．eventually D．unwillingly
74．A．left B．sold C．suggested D．searched
75．A．late B．hard C．fine D．free
76．A．emptied B．respected C．occupied D．discovered
77．A．looking B．caring C．waiting D．calling
78．A．delight B．credit C．interest D．disadvantage
79．A．beg B．trust C．need D．aid
80．A．toys B．awards C．food D．water
（2023·全国·高考真题）Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times,and has even learned to 81 different dialects（方言），leading to him being described as an “Oscar-winning actor".
The 60-year-old is not an actor, but a 82 However,he is more devoted to his “ 83 "than any real actor.
In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. To look into the 84 ，Wang disguised（伪装）himself and 85 the beggars. Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the 86 of a real beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the 87 of the beggars.
“I often 88 them to drink alcohol. Once they were 89 ,they began to talk a lot,"Wang said. “I'd then 90 myself to use the toilet, 91 what the beggars said, and send the 92 to my teammates.”
Wang，who is often in 93 situations， is also a judo （柔道） master. “As long as I get close enough, no criminal can 94 from me," he said.
Wang's 95 won him several honors, including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.
81．A．teach B．compare C．assess D．speak
82．A．lawyer B．doctor C．policeman D．businessman
83．A．role B．study C．family D．audience
84．A．minor B．case C．future D．question
85．A．interviewed B．joined C．arrested D．assisted
86．A．challenge B．experience C．appearance D．freedom
87．A．vote B．sympathy C．permission D．trust
88．A．invited B．forced C．helped D．expected
89．A．drunk B．deserted C．bored D．lost
90．A．guide B．persuade C．excuse D．allow
91．A．refer to B．note down C．ask about D．miss out
92．A．plan B．agreement C．direction D．information
93．A．awkward B．dangerous C．unfortunate D．strange
94．A．separate B．recover C．escape D．hear
95．A．courage B．honesty C．kindness D．optimism
（2023·全国·高考真题）My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 96 little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 97 throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 98 help during our spring break, for which I had no 99 beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d 100 minimum wage. I’d see how a factory 101 . My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their 102 .
Our 103 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 104 bunny from the belt. This was 105 than it sounds. 106 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d 107 .
Dad 108 . The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood 109 food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 110 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
96．A．sold B．ordered C．made D．reserved
97．A．stores B．families C．schools D．citizens
98．A．generous B．financial C．technical D．temporary
99．A．plans B．problems C．excuses D．hobbies
100．A．offer B．earn C．set D．suggest
101．A．worked B．closed C．developed D．survived
102．A．ambition B．permission C．experience D．invitation
103．A．joys B．ideas C．roles D．choices
104．A．Save B．Keep C．Stop D．Remove
105．A．harder B．better C．longer D．cheaper
106．A．Calm down B．Slow down C．Stay on D．Move on
107．A．indicated B．witnessed C．expected D．remembered
108．A．cried B．smiled C．hesitated D．refused
109．A．tasting B．finding C．sharing D．delivering
110．A．withdraw B．donate C．receive D．appreciate
（2023·全国·高考真题）Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 111 just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 112 of gratitude (感谢).
My thoughts were soon 113 . We had a woman patient who was 114 from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 115 to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was 116 discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 117 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 118 , and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
She was 119 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her 120 at her recovery. As she was 121 she was eager to say 122 to each of us in the nursing team. When she 123 one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague 124 to accept it, saying that we were all just 125 our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 126 :“Oh this isn’t for the 127 I had. I take that as a 128 . No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
And there you have it. To many people, 129 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 130 and should be rewarded.
111．A．cleaner B．chemist C．nurse D．doctor
112．A．grades B．meanings C．needs D．expectations
113．A．brushed aside B．put to the test C．brought under discussion D．taken into account
114．A．departing B．escaping C．retiring D．recovering
115．A．attempting B．choosing C．pausing D．promising
116．A．eventually B．fortunately C．casually D．secretly
117．A．assessing B．requiring C．forming D．proving
118．A．slightly B．accidentally C．slowly D．happily
119．A．grateful B．thoughtful C．sorrowful D．fearful
120．A．surprise B．delight C．curiosity D．disappointment
121．A．operating B．thinking C．hesitating D．leaving
122．A．sorry B．hello C．goodbye D．yes
123．A．reached B．consulted C．introduced D．persuaded
124．A．wished B．pretended C．failed D．refused
125．A．enjoying B．doing C．securing D．starting
126．A．repeated B．recited C．replied D．reported
127．A．courage B．patience C．duty D．care
128．A．goal B．given C．push D．greeting
129．A．risking B．changing C．saving D．building
130．A．honour B．ability C．opening D．extra
参考答案
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．D 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者开车到超市去买晚饭，结账时作者发现自己没有带钱。超市的老板让作者把东西带走，不让作者付钱。当作者回到家，作者又看到邻居刚刚修剪了他的草坪。这一切让作者知道善良无处不在。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我决定开车去超市买晚饭，而不是像往常一样做饭。A. walking行走；B. cooking烹饪；C. shopping购物；D. teaching教学。根据空格前的“So I decided to drive to the supermarket ”可知，作者决定开车去超市买晚饭，而不再像往常一样做饭。故选B项。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当收银员开始处理我的物品时，我把手伸进包里拿信用卡。A. reached into把手伸进……；B. stared at凝视；C. put aside放在一边；D. watched over监视。根据空格后的“my bag for my credit card”可知，作者一定是把手伸进包里拿信用卡。故选A项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尴尬中，我告诉收银员我把钱落在家里了，并真诚地道歉，提出要把我拿的东西放回到原来的地方。A. anger愤怒；B. amazement惊愕；C. satisfaction满意；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据上一句“However, I realized my wallet was not there. ”可知，作者没有带钱包，所以，作者一定感到尴尬。故选D项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尴尬中，我告诉收银员我把钱落在家里了，并真诚地道歉，提出要把我拿的东西放回到原来的地方。A. clear清除；B. show显示；C. pack包装；D. return放回。根据句意和下文的“my items to where I…”可知，因为没带卡作者一定是提出把自己拿的商品放回原处。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尴尬中，我告诉收银员我把钱落在家里了，并真诚地道歉，提出要把我拿的东西放回到原来的地方。A. bought购买；B. put放；C. took拿；D. ate吃。根据空格前的“offering to 4 my items to where I…”可知，作者一定是提出把自己拿的商品放回远处。故选C项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：请把东西带回家，好好享用晚餐。A. enjoy享受；B. prepare准备；C. donate捐赠；D. deliver交付。根据第一段的“So I decided to drive to the supermarket and pick up dinner”和空格前的“Please, take everything home”可知，作者在超市买的就是晚餐，所以，超市老板一定是让作者把东西带回家，好好享用晚餐。故选A项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试图拒绝这个美好的提议，但他拿起柜台附近的一块黑巧克力说：“给! 把这个也拿去!”A. appreciate感谢；B. withdraw撤回；C. decline拒绝；D. ensure确保。根据空格前的tried to和空格后的but可知，作者一定是想拒绝老板的好意。故选C项。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我试图拒绝这个美好的提议，但他拿起柜台附近的一块黑巧克力说：“给! 把这个也拿去!”A. looked at看着；B. picked up捡起，拿起；C. showed off炫耀；D. put away收起。根据下文的“Here! Take this, too!”可知，老板一定是把巧克力拿起来递给作者。故选B项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的慷慨之举使在场的每个人都感到高兴。A. courage勇气；B. generosity慷慨；C. faith信仰；D. bravery勇敢。根据上文的内容可知，作者没有带钱包，老板不让作者付钱就带走商品，所以，老板很慷慨。故选B项。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我真诚地感谢他让我开心。A. hurriedly匆匆忙忙地；B. curiously好奇地；C. hesitantly犹豫不决地；D. sincerely真诚地。根据空格后的“making my day”可知，老板的慷慨让作者很开心，作者真诚地感谢老板。故选D项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，把车开进车道时，我看到我隔壁的邻居刚刚修剪了我的草坪。A. searched搜索；B. dug挖；C. crashed碰撞；D. pulled（使车辆）转向。根据空格后的“into my driveway”可知，作者把车开进车道。故选D项。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很兴奋，从车里下来，问他要多少钱。A. regretful遗憾的；B. excited兴奋的；C. nervous紧张的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据上文的句子“I saw my next-door neighbor had just mowed my lawn”可知，作者的邻居帮助作者修剪了草坪，作者肯定为此感到兴奋。故选B项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很兴奋，从车里下来，问他要多少钱。A. efforts努力；B. talent才能；C. guidance指导；D. goods货物。根据上文的句子“I saw my next-door neighbor had just mowed my lawn”可知，作者的邻居帮助作者修剪了草坪，所以，作者想为邻居付出的努力付钱。故选A项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回家时匆匆挥手告别我。A. sent发送；B. drove开车；C. waved挥手；D. turned转身。根据空格后的off和“as he returned to his home”可知，邻居和作者挥手告别。故选C项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：又一好运落在我身上，这再次提醒我，善良无处不在。A. appetite食欲；B. deal交易；C. fortune好运；D. reputation声誉。根据上文的内容可知，作者接连遇到了两件好事——超市老板让他免费把食物带回家，邻居无偿为他修剪草坪。故选C项。
16．D 17．C 18．B 19．C 20．A 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．A
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者跟随埃塞俄比亚坚持传统养蜂技艺的Ziyad，进行的一次独特的采蜜经历。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我此行是见证一次独特的采蜜行动。A. share分享；B. collect收集；C. celebrate庆祝；D. witness见证；目睹。根据下文“I ____4____ beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.”可知，作者是跟随经验丰富的养蜂人Ziyad见证埃塞俄比亚传统的采蜜方式。故选D项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在埃塞俄比亚东南部，手工制作的蜂箱被放在树顶。A. courtyards庭院；B. fields田野；领域；C. treetops树顶；D. caves洞穴。根据下文“higher up the tree trunk.”可知，手工制作的蜂箱是放在树顶高处。故选C项。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：靠近树顶的蜂箱采蜜是很困难的，而且相当危险。A. urgent紧急的；B. dangerous危险的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. pointless毫无意义的。根据“The adult bees were ____14____ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.”可知，采摘蜂蜜可能会招致蜂群持续不断的攻击，这是很危险的。故选B项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跟随着养蜂人走过一片广阔的草地，进入茂密的丛林。A. searched搜索；B. recognised认出；C. followed跟随；D. invited邀请。根据前文“I was on my way to ____1____ a unique honey harvest.”可知，作者此行是为了跟随经验丰富的养蜂人，近距离观察Ziyad如何采蜜。故选C项。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用细绳把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. gathered聚集、采集；B. cleaned清除；C. dropped掉落；D. checked检查。根据下文“handfuls of damp tree leaves”可知，此处指Ziyad从丛林各处，收集一些潮湿的树叶。故选A项。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用线把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. shook摇晃；B. lit点燃；点亮；C. measured测量；D. decorated装饰。根据后文“to create a torch”可知，此空格处指点燃用细绳捆扎的树叶当火把。故选B项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，将绳子的一头拴在腰间，另一头则缠绕在一棵大树的树干上。然后Ziyad开始向上攀爬。A. jumping跳；B. talking谈话；C. testing测试；D. climbing攀爬。根据“higher up the tree trunk”可知，Ziyad要向上爬到树顶，才能采集到蜂蜜。故选D项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他每过一会儿就停下调整绳索位置，继续向上攀爬。A. hives蜂房；B. leaves树叶；C. rope绳索；D. honey蜂蜜。根据“Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree,”可知，Ziyad是通过不断调整绳索的位置，保证自己安全灵活地向上攀爬。故选C项。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad最终到达了蜂巢。那儿距离地面大概有20米高。A. Finally最终；B. Surprisingly令人意外地；C. Naturally自然地；D. Immediately立刻。根据上文“He stopped every few minutes to move the ____8____ higher up the tree trunk.”可知，身手矫健的Ziyad借助绳索不断向上攀爬，终于到达树顶放置蜂巢的位置。故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad坐在一节树枝上，小心翼翼地将火把靠近蜂巢，对准火把，将烟吹入蜂巢的一个小孔里。A. backed支持；B. dived跳水；C. shouted对……大声喊叫；D. inched缓慢移动。根据上文“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often ____3____”可知，采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作，这要求采蜜的人经验丰富，动作快慢节奏快慢结合，此处指Ziyad小心翼翼地将火把凑近蜂巢，将烟吹入蜂巢中。故选D项。
26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几秒钟过后，他就从树干滑下，重新回到地面。A. cut off切除；B. gone up上升；C. slid down滑下；D. held onto抓牢。根据前文“Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.”和后文“was back on the ground”可知，Ziyad是从树顶滑下，回到地面。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在采集蜂蜜还为时尚早。A. high高的；B. early早的；C. fast快速的；D. close亲近的。根据下文“A cool summer had delayed ____13____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，现在蜜蜂幼虫尚未成年，蜂蜜酿造完成还需要一段时日。故选B项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：夏天凉爽的温度延误了幼虫孵化。A. hatching孵化；B. training培训；C. sowing播种；D. trading与……作交易；交换。根据“Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，此时蜜蜂宝宝较以往孵化时间更晚，尚未成年。故选A项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad从树上逃离之时，成年蜂群被激怒了，持续不断地攻击他。A. curious好奇的；B. hungry饥饿的；C. bored无聊的；D. angry生气的。根据下文“kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，蜜蜂被外来侵入者激怒，不停地攻击Ziyad。故选D项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他需要等待合适的时刻，再次爬上树顶采摘蜂蜜。A. moment时刻；B. equipment设备；C. person个人；D. order点餐；命令。根据上文“A cool summer had delayed ____13____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，蜂蜜尚未形成，Ziyad只好另待时机，等幼虫变成成年蜂后，再来采蜜。故选A项。
31．D 32．C 33．D 34．C 35．A 36．D 37．A 38．D 39．B 40．B 41．A 42．C 43．C 44．A 45．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jessica和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的事情。在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indoors室内；B. online在线的；C. single-handed单手的；D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.(在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. safe安全的；B. busy忙碌的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. affordable买的起的。对应上文“It might sound like one long, expensive”指听起来昂贵，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。故选D。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是共享经济新形式的一部分：在线看房者。A. local当地的；B. private私人的；C. sharing分享；D. agricultural农业的。根据后文“economy: an online group of house sitters”以及提到他们免费住在陌生人家里，可见是共享经济，故选C。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的；B. parents’父母的；C. co-workers’同事的；D. neighbors’邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. plan计划；B. explain解释；C. compare比较；D. complete完成。根据宾语“their trips”指计划旅行，应用plan。故选A。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. buy购买；B. transport运输；C. choose选择；D. please取悦。根据上文“the pets that are sometimes difficult to”指某些宠物很难照管，故选D。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持；B. comfort舒适，安慰；C. control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就像住在朋友家一样，”Jessica说。A. cooking烹饪；B. staying停留；C. waiting等待；D. studying学习。根据后文“at a friend’s house”指像呆在朋友家，应用stay at。故选B。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. success成功；B. survival存活；C. growth生长；D. unemployment失业。根据后文“rate in getting accepted as house sitters”可知此处指他们被接受为看房人的成功率，应用success。故选A。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. budget预算；B. abilities能力；C. expectations期待；D. understanding理解。上文提到这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，是因为他们总是超出房主的预期，所以成功率才高。故选C。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. admiring钦佩；B. donating捐赠；C. sending发送；D. borrowing借来。根据后文“plenty of pictures of happy pets”指给房主发送宠物的照片。故选C。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. clean干净的；B. open开放的；C. simple简单的；D. empty空的。根据上文可知，他们的职责就是照看房子，所以要保持房子的清洁。故选A。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你要让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定，”她说。A. guess猜测；B. decision决定；C. response反应；D. impression印象。是房主选择了他们当看房人，所以是房主做了正确的决定，故选B。
46．C 47．A 48．D 49．C 50．B 51．A 52．D 53．B 54．A 55．C 56．A 57．D 58．C 59．D 60．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人在旅行过程中经历过的趣事与冒险，并且作者和家人都十分期待即将经历的冒险。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas想法；B. jokes笑话；C. memories记忆；D. discoveries发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可知，作者在讲述以前一些经历，这些经历回想起来很有趣，因此作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开车；C. walked散步；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知，作者与家人在过去的十年来有着美妙的露营经历，而此处作者讲述的是其中的一次经历，他们一起在溪边露营。故选A项。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我担心我们15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. surprised惊讶的C. disappointed失望的；D. worried担心的。根据下文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”可知，作者把一根绳子系在儿子的腰上就是怕自己的孩子会掉进小溪里，所以可知作者对此是很担心的。故选D项。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的；B. unfortunate不幸的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可知，孩子之所以哭是因为身上被绑绳子而感觉不舒服。故选C项。
50．考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以我没有把他绑起来，而是密切关注着他。A. due to由于；B. instead of代替，而不是；C. apart from除了；D. as for至于。根据上文“He was___4___, and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可知，因为孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以作者换了另一种方式，选择密切关注他，而不是在他身上绑绳子。故选B项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它起作用了，他最终没有掉进小溪里。A. worked起作用；B. happened发生；C. mattered事关紧要；D. changed改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek.”可知，孩子没有掉进小溪里是因为作者在密切关注着他，以防他掉下去，因此可知作者采取的这种关注小孩而不是用绳子把他绑起来的方式起作用了。故选A项。
52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册，报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房，结账离开；D. headed off启程，出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可知，天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可知，因为风暴来临，所以作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B项。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”以及下文的“thunder rolled.”可知，天气变得很糟糕，大风刮了起来。故选A项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。A. find找到；B. hide隐藏；C. start启动；D. fix修理。根据下文“Nothing. He tried again.”以及“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知，作者他们被困在湖中央，是因为马达坏了，发动不起来，因此可知作者的丈夫尝试将船启动。故选C项。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有好运。A. luck好运；B. answer回答；C. wonder惊奇；D. signal信号。根据下文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知，作者的丈夫再次尝试启动，船依然无法启动，因此可知他们运气很差，没有好运。故选A项。
57．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知，在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D项。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们安全了。A. sorry抱歉的；B. brave勇敢的；C. safe安全的；D. right正确的。根据上文“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back”可知，作者他们得到了渔夫的帮助，因此作者和家人安全了。故选C项。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. relief救济；B. duty职责；C. pride自豪；D. excitement兴奋。根据上文的“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage”以及下文的“wondering what camping fun”可知，作者他们一看到丈夫把露营车拉出来时，他们就会想知道接下来露营的乐趣是怎么样的，因此可知作者他们是期待接下来的露营，对此充满兴奋之情。故选D项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. failure失败；B. adventure冒险；C. performance表现；D. conflict冲突。根据上文“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of___14___, wondering what camping fun and”以及下文“we will experience next”可知，作者与家人想知道下一次露营的乐趣是什么，因此也十分期待即将经历的冒险。故选B项。
【点睛】
61．C 62．A 63．D 64．D 65．B 66．A 67．B 68．A 69．C 70．D 71．A 72．D 73．B 74．C 75．C 76．B 77．B 78．A 79．C 80．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多，作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有所保留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生爱意，在之后的接触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪伴；D. leadership领导。根据“keep my loneliness at bay”可知，此处是指它们的陪伴。故选C。
62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A. reservations保留；B. expectations期望；C. confidence信心；D. prejudice偏见。根据后文“three dogs were perhaps too many”(三条狗可能太多了)可知，此处是指“我”一开始有所顾忌和保留。故选A。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned了解到。根据“he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora”可知，此处是指了解到这一情况。故选D。
64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. unsatisfied不满意的；B. amused愉快的；C. terrified害怕的；D. thrilled非常开心的。根据前文“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance.”(多年来，我喜欢和我的狗——蒂莉和吉斯——一起生活。)可知，“我”很高兴他是一个动物爱好者。故选D。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. predicted预测；B. worried担心；C. regretted后悔；D. insisted坚持。根据“three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack”可知，此处是指“我”很担心。故选B。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. Flora弗洛拉；B. Chance查恩斯；C. Molly莫莉；D. Tilly蒂莉。根据前文“he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora”可知，此处是指担心“我”的狗攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二周，我们一起遛狗。A. tied系；B. walked牵着（动物）走；C. bathed沐浴；D. fed喂养。根据后文“When we paused”可知，此处是指一起遛狗。故选B。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们停下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。A. breath呼吸；B. balance平衡；C. attention注意力；D. imagination想象。根据“Steve got down on one knee”可知，此处是指停下来休息。 故选A。
69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢他，但这么快？A. calm冷静的；B. sure确定的；C. soon很快的；D real真正的。根据前文“Was he proposing (求婚) ”(他是在求婚吗？)可知，此处是指约会的第二周就求婚太快了。故选C。
70．考查介词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我开始爱上他。A. By the way顺便说一句；B. In that case那样的话；C. By all means务必；D. In that moment那一刻。根据前文“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.”(他从瓶子里把水倒在手里，递给我的狗。)可知，此处是指就在那一刻“我”开始爱上他。故选D。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们继续约会，虽然我们都没有提到未来。A. continued继续；B. decided决定；C. intended打算；D. pretended假装。根据“though neither of us brought up the future”可知，此处是指“我”们继续约会。故选A。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月下旬，Tilly的腿做了一次手术。A. eye眼睛；B. tail尾巴；C. ear耳朵；D. leg腿。根据后文“climbing the stairs could reopen the wound”(爬楼梯会让伤口重新裂开)可知，此处是指Tilly的腿做了一次手术。故选D。
73．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开。A. secretly秘密地；B. constantly不断地；C. eventually最终；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据前文“I took the dogs out four times a day”(我每天带狗出去四次)可知，此处是指不断地爬楼梯。故选B。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后史蒂夫建议去他家。A. left离开；B. sold卖；C. suggested建议，推荐；D. searched搜寻。根据后文“We made good housemates.”(我们成了很好的室友。)可知，此处是指史蒂夫建议去他家。故选C。
75．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很好。A. late晚的；B. hard困难的；C. fine好的；D. free自由的。根据后文“We made good housemates.”(我们成了很好的室友。)可知，此处是指一切都很好。故选C。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. emptied清空；B. respected尊重；C. occupied占据；D. discovered发现。根据后文“We made good housemates.”(我们成了很好的室友。)可知，此处是指狗狗们会尊重猫咪的空间。故选B。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. looking看；B. caring照顾；C. waiting等待；D. calling打电话。根据前文“Tilly had an operation”可知，此处是指史蒂夫和“我”一起照顾Tilly。故选B。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。A. delight高兴；B. credit信用；C. interest兴趣；D. disadvantage缺点。根据“this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me”可知，此处是指“我”很高兴。故选A。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A. beg乞求；B. trust信任；C. need需要；D. aid帮助。根据nor和“He did not kneel (跪) down”可知，此处是指“我”也不需要他跪下。故选C。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具；B. awards奖励；C. food食物；D. water水。根据“brought us together”和前文“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.”可知，此处是指给爱犬喝水的举动。故选D。
【点睛】
81．D 82．C 83．A 84．B 85．B 86．C 87．D 88．A 89．A 90．C 91．B 92．D 93．B 94．C 95．A
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了警察王先生在过去的38年里，多次假扮别人，甚至学会了说不同的方言，不顾危险混入犯罪团伙，成功破案的故事。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的38年里，王先生多次假扮别人，甚至学会了说不同的方言，这让他被称为“奥斯卡获奖演员”。A.teach 教授；B.compare 比较；C.assess评估； D.speak讲话 。根据“Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times”可知，能扮成别人，还会讲不同的方言。故填D。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位60岁的老人不是演员，而是警察 。A.lawyer 律师；B.doctor医生； C.policeman 警察；D.businessman 商人。根据“To look into the ，Wang disguised（伪装）himself”以及“including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.”可知，王先生是一名警察。故填C。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他比任何真正的演员都更专注于他的“角色”。A.role 角色；B.study学习； C.family 家庭；D.audience观众 。根据“than any real actor.”可知，王投身于演员的角色中。故填A。
84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了调查这个案子,王伪装自己并加入了乞丐中。A.minor 未成年人，辅修；B.case 情况,案件；C.future 未来；D.question问题 。根据“In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. ”可知，这是一起犯罪案件。故填B。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了调查这个案子,王伪装自己并加入了乞丐中。A.interviewed采访； B.joined 加入；C.arrested 逮捕；D.assisted协助。根据“To look into the”可知，他混入乞丐中。故填B。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：肮脏的短裤和旧鞋子使他看起来像一个真正的乞丐，他那令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。A.challenge 挑战；B.experience 经历；C.appearance出现，外表； D.freedom自由 。根据“ Dirty shorts and old shoes”可知，这是描述外表。故填C。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：肮脏的短裤和旧鞋子使他看起来像一个真正的乞丐，他那令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。A.vote 投票；B.sympathy 同情；C.permission 批准；D.trust 信任。根据“ his convincing dialect soon won him the”可知，他的方言讲得好，赢得乞丐们信任。故填D。
88．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了，他们就开始说很多话。A.invited 邀请；B.forced 强迫；C.helped 帮助；D.expected期待。根据“them to drink alcohol”可知，为了套话，王先生请他们喝酒。故填A。
89．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了，他们就开始说很多话。A.drunk喝醉的； B.deserted抛弃的； C.bored 无聊的；D.lost失去的 。根据“them to drink alcohol”可知，话多是在喝醉后。故填A。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.guide 引导；B.persuade劝说； C.excuse 找借口；D.allow允许 。根据“and send the to my teammates.”可知，为了发送出信息，王借口去厕所。故填C。
91．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.refer to 指的是；B.note down作记录; C.ask about 询问；D.miss out 错过，遗漏。根据“what the beggars said, ”可知，王把乞丐醉后真言记下来。故填B。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.plan 计划；B.agreement 同意；C.direction 指导；D.information 信息。根据“what the beggars said, ”可知，这是重要信息。故填D。
93．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：王是经常在危险的情况下,也是一个柔道大师。A.awkward 尴尬的；B.dangerous危险的； C.unfortunate 不幸的；D.strange奇怪的 。根据“ no criminal can from me,"”可知，经常处于犯罪分子中，这是很危险的情况。故填B。
94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只要我离得够近，任何罪犯都逃不掉，”他说。A.separate 分离；B.recover恢复； C.escape 逃避；D.hear 听到。根据“ is also a judo （柔道） master. ”可知，身为柔道大师，他不放过罪犯。故填C。
95．考查名词词义辨析。句意：王的勇气为他赢得了许多荣誉，包括一枚全国五一劳动奖章和11项嘉奖。A.courage 勇气；B.honesty 诚实；C.kindness 善良；D.optimism 乐观。根据“Wang disguised（伪装）himself”可知，王乔装打扮混入罪犯团伙，勇气可嘉。故填A。
【点睛】
96．C 97．A 98．D 99．A 100．B 101．A 102．B 103．C 104．D 105．A 106．B 107．C 108．B 109．D 110．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在一次春假时，作者去工厂打工赚钱，感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让孩子感谢得到的报酬，而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。
96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered命令；C. made制作；D. reserved预定。根据下文“Our ____8____ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. ____9____ bunny from the belt.”可知，这家面包店是制作兔子蛋糕的。故选C。
97．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭；C. schools学校；D. citizens市民。根据下文“throughout Cleveland”以及常识可知，此处表示这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作兔子蛋糕。故选A。
98．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，这段时间我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generous慷慨的；B. financial金融的；C. technical技术的；D. temporary暂时的。根据下文“during our spring break”可知，这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。
99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，这段时间我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. plans计划；B. problems问题；C. excuses借口；D. hobbies爱好。根据下文“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知，此处表示作者没有其他计划。故选A。
100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会挣最低工资。A. offer提供；B. earn挣得；C. set放置；D. suggest建议。根据下文“minimum wage”可知，作者会挣最低工资。故选B。
101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会看到工厂是如何运作的。A. worked运作；B. closed关闭；C. developed发展；D. survived幸存。根据上文“I’d see how a factory”可知，此处表示作者可以看到工厂是如何运作的。故选A。
102．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意，并打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的允许。A. ambition抱负；B. permission允许；C. experience经历；D. invitation邀请。根据上文“My parents thought all of this was a grand idea”可知，作者的父母认为这个主意很好，所以他们打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的允许。故选B。
103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。A. joys欢乐；B. ideas观点；C. roles任务；D. choices选择。根据下文“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. ____9____ bunny from the belt.”可知，此处表示作者在工厂的任务。故选C。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把兔子蛋糕从传送带上拿下来。A. Save节省；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止；D. Remove移动。根据下文“bunny from the belt.”可知，此处表示把兔子蛋糕从传送带上拿下来。故选D。
105．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。A. harder更难的；B. better更好的；C. longer更长的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据下文“_____11_____ a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知，这项工作比听起来更难。故选A。
106．考查动词短语辨析。句意：慢一点，蛋糕就堆起来了。A. Calm down平静下来；B. Slow down慢一点；C. Stay on继续停留；D. Move on往前走。根据下文“and the cakes pile up”以及常识可知，速度慢一点，传送带上的蛋糕就会堆积起来。故选B。
107．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我在第一晚的晚餐时告诉父母的那样，压力比我预想的要大一点。A. indicated表明；B. witnessed目击；C. expected预料；D. remembered记得。根据上文“This was _____10_____ than it sounds. _____11_____ a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知，工作的实际情况比作者预料的压力更大。故选C。
108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭；B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫；D. refused拒绝。根据下文“This was the sort of work that made you _____15_____ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”可知，作者的父亲看到作者在挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，父亲笑了。故选B。
109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送食物。A. tasting品尝；B. finding找到；C. sharing分享；D. delivering递送。根据上文“The son of a grocer”可知，作为一个杂货商的儿子，作者的父亲夏天会去送食物。故选D。
110．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐赠；C. receive收到；D. appreciate感激。根据下文“the dollars you earned”以及常识可知，此处表示感激自己劳动所得的报酬。故选D。
111．C 112．A 113．B 114．D 115．A 116．A 117．B 118．C 119．A 120．B 121．D 122．C 123．A 124．D 125．B 126．C 127．D 128．B 129．C 130．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人的故事，表达了我们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢，即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。
111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A. cleaner清洁工；B. chemist化学家；C. nurse护士；D. doctor医生。根据下文“As she was ___11___ she was eager to say ___12___ to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，当时作者是一名护士。故选C。
112．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语，那会容易得多。A. grades等级；B. meanings意思；C. needs需求；D. expectations期待。根据上文“Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.”可知，作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词，那么感谢就容易得多了。故选A。
113．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside不理会；B. put to the test接受考验；C. brought under discussion在讨论中；D. taken into account考虑。根据下文“She was ___9___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.”以及语境可知，女病人对护士们的做法使得作者的想法很快进行了测验。故选B。
114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing离开；B. escaping逃跑；C. retiring退休；D. recovering恢复。根据下文“from a knee replacement operation”可知，此处表示病人正在恢复中。故选D。
115．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病发作摔倒了。A. attempting试图；B. choosing选择；C. pausing暂停；D. promising承诺。根据上文“We had a woman patient who was ___4___ from a knee replacement operation.”可知，她是膝盖有问题的病人，此处表示她试图上床睡觉。故选A。
116．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病发作摔倒了。A. eventually最后；B. fortunately幸运地；C. casually随意地；D. secretly秘密地。根据上文“We had a woman patient who was ___4___ from a knee replacement operation.”以及下文“discovered to be a heart attack”可知，此处表示最终发现病人摔倒是因为心脏病。故选A。
117．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次摔倒是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A. assessing评估；B. requiring需要；C. forming形成；D. proving证明。根据上文“The collapse was disastrous”可知，此处表示需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。故选B。
118．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然很慢，但她恢复了，四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly轻微地；B. accidently意外地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. happily幸福地。根据上文“the collapse was disastrous”以及“But she recovered, though”可知，此处表示她恢复得很慢。故选C。
119．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful感激的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. sorrowful伤心的，悲伤的；D. fearful恐惧的。根据下文“As she was ___11___ she was eager to say ___12___ to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，她对大家的付出表示感激。故选A。
120．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她出院那天，我们分享了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise惊喜；B. delight喜悦；C. curiosity好奇心；D. disappointment失望。根据下文“her recovery”可知，此处表示分享她康复的喜悦。故选B。
121．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她渴望和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. operating手术；B. thinking思考；C. hesitating犹豫；D. leaving离开。根据上文“On her day of discharge,”可知，女病人要出院了，此处表示当她即将离开医院时。故选D。
122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她渴望和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. sorry抱歉；B. hello你好；C. goodbye再见；D. yes同意。根据下文“to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，此处表示女病人要出院时，渴望和护理团队的人说再见，say goodbye to sb.表示“和某人说再见”，符合语境。故选C。
123．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她走到一个护士身边时，她试图塞一张五英镑的钞票在她手里。A. reached到达；B. consulted咨询；C. introduced介绍；D. persuaded说服。根据下文“one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand.”可知，此处表示她走到护士的身边。故选A。
124．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished希望；B. pretended假装；C. failed失败；D. refused拒绝。根据下文“saying that we were all just ___15___ our job.”可知，作者的同事拒绝收下女病人给的钱。故选D。
125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. enjoying享受；B. doing做；C. securing获得；D. starting开始。根据上文“My colleague ___14___ to accept it, saying that we were all just”可知，此处表示作者的同事告诉女病人，她照顾病人只是做了自己应该做的事情。故选B。
126．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个病人看起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是为了昨天为我整理头发的。”A. repeated重复；B. recited背诵；C. replied回答，回应；D. reported报道。根据下文““Oh this isn’t for the ___17___ I had. I take that as a ___18___. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.””可知，此处表示女病人对同事说的话的回应。故选C。
127．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人看起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是为了昨天为我整理头发的。”A. courage勇气；B. patience耐心；C. duty职责；D. care照顾。根据下文“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知，女病人并不是因为护士的照顾才给的五英镑。故选D。
128．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人看起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是为了昨天为我整理头发的。”A. goal目标；B. given该给的东西；C. push推力；D. greeting招呼。根据下文“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知，此处表示女病人说她得到的照顾是护士们应该给她的（东西）。故选B。
129．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但发型是额外的，应该得到奖励。A. risking冒险；B. changing改变；C. saving拯救；D. building建设。根据上文“But she recovered, though ___8___ , and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.”以及常识可知，医生和护理团队拯救了女病人的生命，此处表示很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。故选C。
130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是额外的事情，应该得到奖励。A. honour荣誉；B. ability能力；C. opening开口处；D. extra额外的东西。根据上文“To many people, ___19___ lives is part of the job but styling hair is an”可知，此处表示做发型是本职工作以外的事情，即额外做的事情，应该得到奖励。故选D。2023全国高考真题英语汇编
阅读表达
一、阅读表达
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
1．How are habits built
2．In what way is a routine different from a habit
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
4．What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits (In about 40 words)
参考答案
1．Habits are built through learning and repetition. 2．A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge. 3．Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months. 4．I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built through learning and repetition.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built through learning and repetition.。
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.。
3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.”中“a shorter time”错误，应该为many months，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.。
4．开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.。2023全国高考真题英语汇编
语法填空2
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you ever imagine that one day we could enjoy the benefits of Traditional Chinese Medicine in a cup of coffee
Traditional Chinese Medicine, or TCM, is 1 approach used to help people re-balance their health and mind. A typical way of making a TCM formula (配方) is to get a prescription from a 2 (license) doctor, shop for all the medicinal materials, and then brew(煎) them with water in a pot. These materials 3 (say) to have a restorative effect by re-balancing one’s natural energy, or Qi, 4 runs through series of invisible meridians (经脉) throughout the body.
But if you ask younger generations of Chinese, few visit TCM shops nowadays, let alone brew these time-tested remedies for 5 (they). However, social media has recently seen a type of coffee 6 (feature) goji berry juice get popular.
The concept of combining TCM herbs 7 popular drinks could make young people access TCM more easily. The key of TCM is 8 (prevent). By trying such drinks, young people can take more care of their health, and nip sicknesses in the bud. Most people, attracted in such a cafe by the”new TCM drinks“ at first, would also be offered other TCM products like dried herbs and teas, after which they stay 9 (learn) more about TCM.
As Traditional Chinese Medicine becomes more 10 (access) to young people, many are integrating these ancient drinks into their daily wellness routines.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is well known that aero(航空) sports have been popular in the US, New Zealand and other countries for years. China’s Hainan is famous for its natural 11 (beautiful) of endless sea, and golden beaches. 12 a warm climate and over 300 sunny days each year also provide favorable conditions for aero sports here.
Aero sports, including items such as skydiving and hot air ballooning, 13 (be) in rapid growth in China, and Hainan has seen the combination of such sports and tourism thriving over recent years. A great many frequent visitors 14 China’s southernmost island province choose to admire Hainan’s fantastic scenery not just at the beach, but also from high above with the help of 15 (professional) qualified skydiving coaches. Visitors can give full expression to their feelings and personalities, and liberate 16 (they) from their sometimes boring everyday life by participating in aero sports. What is shown in statistics is 17 a skydiving club saw a record-breaking single-day reception of 166 customers during this year’s Spring Festival holiday.
With the 18 (rise) popularity of aero sports, as well as advantageous policies in building the Hainan Free Trade Port, 19 increasing number of people from home and abroad have settled in Hainan. The province 20 (host) several national-level aero sports events in the past few years and is striving to build a national sports tourism demonstration zone by 2025.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 21 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 22 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 23 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 24 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 25 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 26 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 27 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 28 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 29 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 30 culture of grassroots Beijingers.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 31 (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
32 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 33 (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 34 (see) them. When he looked down, he 35 (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 36 screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry 37 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 38 (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my 39 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 40 to thank him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 41 (cover)an area about three times 42 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 43 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 44 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 45 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 46 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 47 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 48 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 49 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 50 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 51 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 52 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 53 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 54 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 55 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 56 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao 57 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 58 (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 59 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 60 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64 (large) tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66 (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
68 (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 70 (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always loved the ocean. In the 71 (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 72 (think)it is food.
I decided to do something 73 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 74 used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company 75 emailed its president. I told him how 76 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 77 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 78 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 79 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 80 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It 81 (build) originally to protect the city 82 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 83 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 84 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 85 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 86 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 87 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 88 way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 89 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 90 (day) routines.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 91 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 92 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 93 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 94 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 95 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 96 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 97 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 98 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 99 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 100 must to visit!
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 101 (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 102 (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 103 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 104 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 105 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 106 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of 107 (visit) the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide 108 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 109 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 110 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
参考答案
1．an 2．licensed 3．are said 4．which 5．themselves 6．featuring 7．with/and 8．prevention 9．to learn 10．accessible
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了传统中医，现在许多年轻人正在将中医药融入到日常健康生活中。
1．考查冠词。句意：中医（TCM）是一种用来帮助人们重新平衡健康和心理的方法。结合语意可知，此处表示“一种方法”，空处应用不定冠词表示泛指，approach是元音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词an。故填an。
2．考查形容词。句意：制作中药配方的典型方法是从有执照的医生那里获得处方，购买所有的药材，然后在锅里用水煮。空处修饰名词doctor，应用形容词licensed，表示“得到正式许可的”，作定语，符合题意。故填licensed。
3．考查时态和语态。句意：据说，通过重新平衡人体的自然能量（即气），这些药材具有恢复作用，气流经全身一系列不可见的经络。根据句中runs可知，句子使用一般现在时，say与主语these materials之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语these materials是复数，be动词应用are。故填are said。
4．考查定语从句。句意：据说，通过重新平衡人体的自然能量（即气），这些药材具有恢复作用，气流经全身一系列不可见的经络。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Qi，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
5．考查代词。句意：但如果你问年轻一代的中国人，现在很少有人光顾中医店，更不用说为自己煮这些经过时间考验的药物了。结合语意可知，此处表示“年轻一代的中国人为他们自己煮中药”，空处应用反身代词themselves，表示“他们自己”，作介词for的宾语。故填themselves。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，社交媒体最近看到一种以枸杞汁为特色的咖啡变得受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，feature与逻辑主语coffee之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式featuring作后置定语。故填featuring。
7．考查固定短语。句意：将中药和流行饮料相结合的概念可以让年轻人更容易地接触到中药。combine sth. with/and sth.为固定搭配，表示“把某物和某物相结合”。故填with/and。
8．考查名词。句意：中医的关键是预防。结合语意以及常识可知，空处应用名词prevention，表示“预防”，作句子表语，符合题意。故填prevention。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：一开始被“新型中药饮料”吸引到这样的咖啡馆的大多数人，还会得到其他中药产品，如干草药和茶，之后他们会留下来了解更多关于中药的信息。结合语意可知，“他们留下来是为了了解更多关于中药的信心”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to learn。
10．考查形容词。句意：随着年轻人更容易接触到中医药，许多人正在将这些古老的饮料融入他们的日常健康生活。空处在as引导的时间状语从句中作表语，应用形容词accessible，表示“可接近的，易接近的”，符合题意。故填accessible。
11．beauty 12．And/But 13．are 14．to 15．professionally 16．themselves 17．that 18．rising 19．an 20．has hosted
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍海南省的航空运动活动。
11．考查名词。句意：中国的海南以其无尽的大海和金色海滩的自然美景而闻名。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词beauty，作宾语，是不可数名词。故填beauty。
12．考查连词。句意：并且，温暖的气候和每年300多个晴天也为这里的航空运动提供了有利的条件。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要连词and，连贯上下文，表示并列关系或转折关系，应用but。故填And/But。
13．考查谓语动词。句意：航空运动，包括跳伞和热气球等项目，在中国正迅速发展，近年来，海南的此类运动和旅游业蓬勃发展。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是现在的事实，谓语用一般现在时，主语是sports，be动词用are。故填are。
14．考查介词。句意：许多经常来到中国最南端岛屿省份的游客不仅选择在海滩上欣赏海南的美景，还选择在专业的合格跳伞教练的帮助下从高空欣赏海南的壮丽景色。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词to，意为“到某地”。故填to。
15．考查副词。句意：见第4题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，形式形容词qualified。故填professionally。
16．考查反身代词。句意：游客可以通过参加航空运动来充分表达自己的感受和个性，并将自己从有时无聊的日常生活中解放出来。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里的宾语和句子主语Visitors一致，所以用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
17．考查表语从句。句意：统计数据显示，今年春节假期，一家跳伞俱乐部单日接待166名顾客，创下历史新高。分析句子结构和意思可知， 7 a skydiving club saw a record-breaking single-day reception of 166 customers during this year’s Spring Festival holiday.是表语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，用连词that引导。故填that。
18．考查形容词。句意：随着航空运动越来越普及，以及海南自由贸易港建设的有利政策，越来越多的大量海内外人士定居海南。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，修饰后面的名词popularity。故填rising。
19．考查冠词。句意：见第8题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配a number of，意为“大量的”，空格后面increasing的第一个音素是元音音素，所以用an。故填an。
20．考查谓语动词。句意：该省在过去几年中已经举办了好几场国家级航空体育赛事，并力争到2025年建成国家体育旅游示范区。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里有in the past few years作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，主语是The province，助动词用has。故填has hosted。
21．and 22．originally 23．surrounded 24．were permitted 25．featured 26．spacious 27．simpler 28．as 29．events 30．the
【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。
21．考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
22．考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
24．考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
25．考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
26．考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
27．考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
28．考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
29．考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。
30．考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
【点睛】
31．falling 32．The 33．asleep 34．to see 35．accidentally 36．and 37．was fixing 38．threw 39．son's 40．how
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
32．考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。
33．考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
35．考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
36．考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。
37．考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
38．考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并列结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
39．考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
40．考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
41．Covering 42．the 43．were 44．to increase 45．is designed 46．and 47．populations 48．eventually 49．as 50．that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
42．考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。
43．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。
45．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
46．考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
47．考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。
48．考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。
49．考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。
50．考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。
【点睛】
51．to journey 52．who 53．held 54．A 55．protection 56．meaningful 57．has walked 58．highest 59．from 60．planning
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个有视力障碍的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
52．考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the man，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
53．考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。动词hold意为“举行”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。
54．考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。此处名词friend第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，且friend是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填A。
55．考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
56．考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
57．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
58．考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处是指三者或三者以上的比较，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
59．考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
60．考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填planning。
【点睛】
61．by 62．the 63．addressed 64．largest 65．responsibility 66．shared 67．and 68．To strengthen 69．inviting 70．its
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
61．考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
62．考查冠词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。分析句意可知，特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
63．考查动词的时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。分析句意可知，本句是陈述过去事情，所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。
64．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
65．考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。因为动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
67．考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。分析句式结构可知,名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
69．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语,表主动关系。故填inviting。
70．考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。分析句式结构可知,名词exhibition前应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填its。
【点睛】
71．seventh 72．thinking 73．to educate 74．which/that 75．and 76．harmful 77．excited 78．was 79．representative 80．from
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
71．考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。
72．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构， 2 (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
73．考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构， 3 (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
74．考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， 4 used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
75．考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
76．考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
77．考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
78．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
79．考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
80．考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
81．was built 82．in/during 83．to walk 84．spending 85．better 86．hired 87．but 88．the 89．watchtowers 90．daily
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者游览西安长城的过程。
81．考查动词语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。build和主语it之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，应用一般过去时。故填was built。
82．考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。表示“在某个朝代”，应用介词in或during。故填in或during。
83．考查非谓语动词。句意：骑行或者走完全程的14公里是可能的。固定句型It +be+adj+to do sth.，it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
84．考查非谓语动词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。此处After为介词，应用动名词，作介词宾语。故填spending。
85．考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级better。故填better。
86．考查动词时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。根据语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填hired。
87．考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。
88．考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙一路走了大约3个小时。固定短语all the way“一直，完全地”。故填the。
89．考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。watchtower是可数名词，由different修饰，应用复数形式。故填watchtowers。
90．考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines，应用形容词daily，作定语。故填daily。
91．What 92．humans 93．undoubtedly 94．hotter 95．astonished 96．was 97．and 98．aching 99．mine 100．a
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
91．考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
92．考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
93．考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！此处修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
94．考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和！此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
95．考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词astonished，表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填astonished。
96．考查动词时态。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
97．考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，应用并列连词and。故填and。
98．考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”，修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
99．考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句的does替代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine，指代my memory。故填mine。
100．考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
101．educated 102．development 103．its 104．until 105．the 106．of 107．visiting 108．financial 109．Activities 110．to have
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生态旅游通常被认为是到未受干扰地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
101．考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
102．考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development，表示“发展”，作动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
103．考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。结合语意，此处表示生态旅游有它的起源，空处应用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”，符合句意。故填its。
104．考查介词。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，应用短语not…until…，表示“直到……才……”，符合句意。故填until。
105．考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。结合语意，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，空处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
106．考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配，表示“各种各样的”，所以空处应填介词of。故填of。
107．考查非谓语动词。句意：最大限度地减少参观这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
108．考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。空格修饰名词aid，应用形容词形式作定语，financial是形容词，表示“财政的”，符合句意。故填financial。
109．考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。分析句子结构，空处应用名词作句子主语，应用名词的复数形式表示泛指，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Activities。
110．考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。aim to do为固定短语，表示“旨在，目的是”，符合句意，所以空处应用不定式形式。故填to have。2023全国高考真题英语汇编
语法填空1
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mixing traditional Chinese tea with coffee has 1 (recent) become a new trend for both suppliers of both drinks. They are making every effort 2 (open) the market. Mixing tea and coffee is not a new thing as yuenyeung or yuanyang, which generally consists 3 brewed coffee and black tea with sugar and milk. Yuenyeung 4 (be) a popular refreshment option in Hong Kong over the past few years. Yuenyeung refers to a pair of mandarin ducks, one male and one female. The drink usually combines a harmonious mix of equal parts of coffee and milk tea.
As China’s coffee and tea markets are both developing quickly, the new drinks have become a window through 5 young customers can understand and learn about traditional tea culture, 6 (break) the stereotype (成见) that only the middle-aged and elderly drink tea. Domestic and international coffee brands have expanded in the past couple of years, with new products continuously being 7 (launch) that feature Chinese tea or other Chinese cultural 8 (element).
Lu Yongchen, CEO of Tim Hortons China, says, “We have seen the rise of China’s coffee consumption market 9 personally experienced the continuous improvement of the business environment and the 10 (strength) support from the government for business development.”
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A leaf fell into the water and changed the taste of it. Henceforth, tea was born.
China is known as the home of tea. Since ancient times, tea 11 (influence) Chinese culture, leaving its pleasant smell in poetry, etiquette and customs. Many tea lovers enjoy tea not just for its flavor, but for 12 beauty of tea ceremonies.
Picking tea 13 (leaf) is an important spring activity in the Yangtze River basin in South China. The earliest batch of tea is often ready 14 (pick) before Qingming, which is observed in early April 15 the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases. This precious small output of tea, widely 16 (seek) after for its outstanding quality, is called Mingqian tea.
East China’s Zhejiang province is acknowledged 17 a major producer of tea. White Tea in Anji county and West Lake Longjing Tea in Hangzhou are two renowned teas in both China and abroad. In spring, local hillsides are filled with tea workers 18 (sow) seeds on their land. In the peak seasons, many tourists flock to witness the beautiful scenery of tea farms for 19 (they), while enjoying a 20 (fresh) brewed cup of tea.
In 2022, traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China were inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The leaf has traveled a long way and continues to bloom, even today.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I arrived in Beijing three weeks ago; a native Iowan of the United States far from the land-locked Midwestern state I call home. I was eager 21 (experience) all the differences life back home never gave me. Yet soon after 22 (I) arrival I noticed some similarities, although it was laughable at first to try and compare Iowa City, where I live, 23 a population of 70,000people, and Beijing, which has about 20 million people.
I soon recognized our common love for noodles. In Beijing noodles 24 (be) a part of the traditional everyday diet and an essential part of northern Chinese 25 (dish). I’m happy to report that noodles continue to be a part of my meals and are just as affordable.
Iowans know a lot about rural life as an 26 (agriculture) state and depend on it, like China, for jobs. Iowa is also known for raising quality pigs, 27 we love to eat and so do people in China. It is reported that pork makes up nearly three-fourths of the total meat 28 (consume) annually in China and Iowa is the 29 (large) pork producer in the US.
I suppose 30 a Beijinger sat down next to an Iowan on the subway, it would turn to be an interesting conversation.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Straw weaving (草编) is a method of manufacturing daily items or artworks. It 31 (list) as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008. The earliest straw-weaving products were discovered at Hemudu Cultural Ruins (河姆渡文化遗址), 32 Neolithic cultural site located in eastern China’s Zhejiang province. One such intangible cultural inheritor, Wu Cui, can turn the straw left over from harvested wheat 33 beautiful and eye-catching artworks.
Wu explains the process of straw weaving: 34 (select) of materials is the first step of a complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive process 35 can take weeks, or even months, to complete. You need to sketch (素描) the piece on paper, which requires drawing skills. Next 36 (come) weaving, shaping and preserving of the work. Even by finishing that process, it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work, and the hardest part is to make 37 lifelike.
There are only about 100 individuals 38 (involve) in the work across the country. “The world has changed, and 39 (craftsman) need to transcend practicality and pursue the beauty and artistry of straw culture to help the craft survive and thrive,” Wu says. When asked about her plans in the future, Wu says she will systematically study the local traditional culture 40 create cultural creative products by developing the straw-weaving technique.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals
Since June 2017, right before the 41 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 42 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 43
Not the pandas, even though 44 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 45 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 46 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 47 they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning 48 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 49 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 50 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Chinese high school principal Zhang Guimei has been honored 51 the title “Role Model of the Times” in recognition of her dedication to education for girls.
With the support of the Party and the government, she helped establish the country’s first senior high school to offer free education for girls from poor families. Since it opened in 2008, it 52 (see) more than 1,800 students progress to universities and colleges.
About 20 years ago, while on the way to visit a student’s house, Zhang Guimei, then a rural teacher in Huaping county, Lijiang, Yunnan province, noticed a girl 53 (sit) on the hillside. She was staring 54 (blank) into space. The girl, 13, told Zhang she was about to get married and it was arranged by her parents.
That fateful encounter(邂逅) persuaded Zhang 55 (build) a free high school for girls, aiming to help break the spell (魔咒) 56 women drop out of education, marry early and spend 57 (they) whole life in the remote mountain.
After years of trying to raise funds, in 2008, Huaping High School for Girls, a free public high school, 58 (found) at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping, where Zhang is the principal. Over the decades, More than 1,800 59 (graduate) have been admitted to college, 60 is regarded a “miracle” in the remote area, as most students didn’t perform well in academic study before the school was established.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 61 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 62 (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 64 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 65 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 66 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 68 (record) everything I discovered.
The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 70 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 71 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 72 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 73 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 74 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 75 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 76 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 77 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 78 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 79 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 80 (want) more next time.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 81 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 82 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 83 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 84 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 85 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 86 (intend) for everyone.
87 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 88 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 89 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 90 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 91 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 92 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 93 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 94 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 95 (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 96 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 97 global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 98 thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action 99 (address)the struggles of people around the world 100 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
参考答案
1．recently 2．to open 3．of 4．has been 5．which 6．breaking 7．launched 8．elements 9．and 10．strong
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是最近，将中国传统茶与咖啡混合成为两种饮料供应商的新趋势。
1．考查副词。句意：最近，将中国传统茶与咖啡混合成为两种饮料供应商的新趋势。空格处要用副词recently修饰动词become，故填recently。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们正在尽一切努力打开市场。make every effort to do是固定短语，意为“尽一切努力做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to open。故填to open。
3．考查介词。句意：把茶和咖啡混在一起并不是什么新鲜事，比如鸳鸯茶，通常是由煮好的咖啡和加糖和牛奶的红茶组成。consist of是固定短语，意为“由……组成”，因此空格处是介词of，故填of。
4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，Yuenyeung在香港一直是一种受欢迎的茶点选择。由over the past few years可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语Yuenyeung是不可数名词，因此空格处是has been。故填has been。
5．考查定语从句。句意：随着中国咖啡和茶市场的快速发展，新饮料成为年轻顾客了解和学习传统茶文化的窗口，打破了只有中老年人才喝茶的刻板印象。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句，先行词window是物，因此空格处用which，故填which。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着中国咖啡和茶市场的快速发展，新饮料成为年轻顾客了解和学习传统茶文化的窗口，打破了只有中老年人才喝茶的刻板印象。句中谓语是have become，空格处用非谓语动词，the new drinks和break之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词，表主动，故填breaking。
7．考查动词语态。句意：过去几年，国内外咖啡品牌不断扩张，以中国茶或其他中国文化元素为特色的新产品不断推出。空格处是with复合结构，产品是被推出，因此用being done作宾语补足语，因此空格处是过去分词launched，故填launched。
8．考查名词复数。句意：过去几年，国内外咖啡品牌不断扩张，以中国茶或其他中国文化元素为特色的新产品不断推出。element是可数名词，other后跟复数，故填elements。
9．考查连词。句意：Tim Hortons中国区首席执行官Lu Yongchen表示：“我们已经看到了中国咖啡消费市场的崛起，并亲身体验了商业环境的不断改善和政府对商业发展的大力支持。”seen和experienced之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。
10．考查形容词。句意：Tim Hortons中国区首席执行官Lu Yongchen表示：“我们已经看到了中国咖啡消费市场的崛起，并亲身体验了商业环境的不断改善和政府对商业发展的大力支持。”空格处要用形容词strong作定语，修饰名词support，故填strong。
11．has influenced 12．the 13．leaves 14．to be picked 15．when 16．sought 17．as 18．sowing 19．themselves 20．freshly
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国的茶文化。
11．考查时态。句意：自古以来，茶影响了中国文化，在诗歌、礼仪和习俗中留下了怡人的气味。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做谓语，根据时间状语Since ancient times可知句子表达的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，使用现在完成时，故填has influenced。
12．考查冠词。句意：许多茶爱好者不仅喜欢茶的味道，还喜欢茶道的美丽。根据名词的用法，名词前需使用冠词，因空白处后面的名词beauty被后面的介词短语修饰表示特指，空白处使用定冠词，故填the。
13．考查名词。句意：采茶是我国南方长江流域春季的一项重要活动。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语使用名词，根据常识，茶叶应为复数，空白处应填名词复数，故填leaves。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：最早的一批茶通常在清明之前就可以采摘了，清明是在四月初气温开始上升，降雨量增加的时候。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用非谓语动词，因空白处表示的是一个尚未发生的不确定的动作，使用动词不定式，因与其逻辑主语tea之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用动词不定式的被动式，故填to be picked。
15．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词April，关系词在句子中作状语表示时间，使用when引导，故填when。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种产量很少的珍贵茶叶，因其卓越的品质而广受欢迎，被称为名前茶。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语This precious small output of tea之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填sought。
17．考查介词。句意：中国东部的浙江省被公认为茶叶的主要生产地。分析句子结构，be acknowledged as为固定句型，含义为“被公认为……”，符合句意，故填as。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：春天，当地的山坡上挤满了茶农，他们在地上播种。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语补足语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语tea workers之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填sowing。
19．考查代词。句意：在旺季，许多游客蜂拥而至，一边品尝一杯刚泡好的茶，一边亲眼目睹茶园的美景。根据句意以及空白处前面的介词for可推理出句子表达的是“为……自己”含义，空白处使用反身代词，故填themselves。
20．考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语使用副词，故填freshly。
21．to experience 22．my 23．with 24．are 25．dishes 26．agricultural 27．which 28．consumed 29．largest 30．if
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在爱荷华市体验与家乡生活不同的事情。
21．考查动词不定式。句意：我渴望体验家乡生活从未给我的所有不同。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be eager to do“渴望做某事”，满足句意要求。故填to experience。
22．考查代词。句意：然而，在我到达后不久，我就注意到了一些相似之处，尽管一开始试图将我居住的爱荷华市(拥有7万人口)与拥有约2000万人口的北京进行比较是可笑的。由空后arrival为名词可知，此处为形容词性物主代词。故填my。
23．考查介词。句意：然而，在我到达后不久，我就注意到了一些相似之处，尽管一开始试图将我居住的爱荷华市(拥有7万人口)与拥有约2000万人口的北京进行比较是可笑的。根据句意以及空后a population of 70,000people为名词短语可知，此处为介词with表示“伴随”的意思，满足句意要求。故填with。
24．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在北京，面条是传统日常饮食的一部分，也是中国北方菜的重要组成部分。主语noodles为复数意义名词，结合该句为陈述客观事实，所以为一般现在时。故填are。
25．考查名词复数形式。句意：在北京，面条是传统日常饮食的一部分，也是中国北方菜的重要组成部分。根据句意可知，此处为名词复数形式填dishes“菜肴”，满足句意要求。故填dishes。
26．考查形容词。句意：爱荷华州作为一个农业州，对农村生活非常了解，也像中国一样依赖农村来获得工作。由空前为冠词an以及空后为名词state可知，此处应为形容词形式修饰该名词。故填agricultural。
27．考查定语从句。句意：爱荷华州也以养猪而闻名，我们和中国人都爱吃猪。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词pigs在从句中作宾语成分。故填which。
28．考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，猪肉占中国每年肉类消费总量的近四分之三，而爱荷华州是美国最大的猪肉生产地。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰meat，meat和consume为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填consumed。
29．考查形容词最高级。句意：据报道，猪肉占中国每年肉类消费总量的近四分之三，而爱荷华州是美国最大的猪肉生产地。根据句意以及空前定冠词the可知，此处为形容词最高级形式largest“最大的”，满足句意要求。故填largest。
30．考查宾语从句。句意：我想，如果一个北京人在地铁上坐在一个爱荷华人旁边，那将是一段有趣的对话。分析句子可知，此处为连词if引导的宾语从句，表示“如果”，满足句意要求。故填if。
31．was listed 32．a 33．into 34．selection 35．that 36．comes 37．it 38．involved 39．craftsmen 40．and
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了草编工艺的历史和现状。
31．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2008年被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。主语It指代“Straw weaving”，和动词list之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“in 2008”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词用was，故填was listed。
32．考查不定冠词。句意：最早的草编产品是在河姆渡文化遗址发现的，河姆渡文化遗址是位于中国东部浙江省的新石器时代文化遗址。site是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且Neolithic的发音是辅音音素开头，故填a。
33．考查介词。句意：其中一位非物质文化传承人Wu Cui就能将收割小麦后剩下的稻草变成美丽而引人注目的艺术品。结合“from harvested wheat”及空后的“beautiful and eye-catching artworks”可知，此处指“从收割后的小麦变成引人注目的艺术品”，用动词短语turn…into…，故填into。
34．考查名词。句意：Wu解释了稻草编织的过程：选择材料是一个复杂、耗时和劳动密集型的过程的第一步，可能需要数周甚至数月才能完成。分析句子可知，空处应填名词作主语，selection选择，不可数名词，故填selection。
35．考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是step，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词被序数词the first修饰，关系代词只能用that。故填that。
36．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：接下来是编织、塑形和保存。句子描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，本句是完全倒装，主语“weaving, shaping and preserving of the work”不可数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填comes。
37．考查代词。句意：即使完成了这个过程，也并不意味着你总能创造出一件好的作品，最难的部分是让它栩栩如生。结合句意可知，此处指上文“a good piece of work”，表示单数意义，用代词it指代，故填it。
38．考查过去分词。句意：全国只有大约100个人参与这项工作。动词involve和individuals之间是动宾关系，故用过去分作后置定语，故填involved。
39．考查名词复数。句意：“世界已经变了，工匠们需要超越实用性，追求稻草文化的美和艺术性，以帮助这项工艺生存和发展，”Wu说。craftsman是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用复数形式表示泛指，故填craftsmen。
40．考查连词。句意：当被问及未来的计划时，吴说她将系统地学习当地的传统文化，并通过发展稻草编织技术来创造文化创意产品。结合句意可知，空前后是并列关系，应用and连接并列的谓语动词，故填and。
41．arrival 42．confident 43．with 44．the 45．visiting 46．interviews 47．why 48．Basically 49．and 50．wished
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语，大家都很疑惑，作者对此做出了解答。
41．考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
42．考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
43．考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，这道题的语序可以看成they speak English who，句子中有主语they，speak后有宾语，而who缺少一个介词，who做介词的宾语，又根据句意可推知，此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
44．考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
45．考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
46．考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。
47．考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
48．考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。
49．考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。
50．考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
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51．with 52．has seen 53．sitting/was sitting 54．blankly 55．to build 56．that 57．their 58．was founded 59．graduates 60．which
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍中国中学校长张桂梅的故事。
51．考查固定搭配。句意：中国中学校长张桂梅被授予“时代楷模”称号，以表彰她对女童教育的奉献精神。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配be honored with，意为“获得荣誉”。故填with。
52．考查谓语动词。句意：自2008年开办以来，它已经见证了1800多名学生升入大学和学院。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里有Since it opened in 2008作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，主语是it，助动词用has。故填has seen。
53．考查非谓语动词/时态。句意：大约20年前，时任云南丽江华坪县乡村教师的张桂梅在去一个学生家的路上，注意到一个女孩坐在山坡上。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词sit是被修饰的名词girl主动发出的动作，所以用现在分词形式，表示主动，作补语。也可以理解为noticed后面跟宾语从句，需要从句的谓语动词，用过去进行时，表示当时正在发生的动作，主语是girl，be动词用was。故填(was) sitting。
54．考查副词。句意：她茫然地凝视着太空。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，修饰动词staring。故填blankly。
55．考查动词短语。句意：那场灾难性的邂逅说服了张桂梅建造一所免费的女子高中，目的是帮助打破女孩辍学、早婚和在偏远山区度过一生的魔咒。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语persuade sb. to do sth.，意为“说服某人做某事”。故填to build。
56．考查同位语从句。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，“women drop out of education, marry early and spend 7 (they) whole life in the remote mountain.”是解释前面名词spell的内容，是同位语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，用连词that引导。故填that。
57．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词性物主代词，作定语，修饰后面的名词短语whole life。故填their。
58．考查谓语动词。句意：经过多年的筹资，2008年，在华坪狮子山脚下，一所免费的公立高中——华坪女子中学成立，张桂梅是该校的校长。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，动词found和主语a free public high school是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态结构，主语是a free public high school，be动词用was。故填was founded。
59．考查名词的数。句意：几十年来，共有1800余名毕业生被大学录取，这被视为偏远地区的“奇迹”，因为在学校成立之前，大多数学生的学业表现不佳。分析句子结构和意思可知，名词graduate前面有More than 1,800修饰，所以用复数形式。故填graduates。
60．考查定语从句。句意：见第9题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
61．to 62．built 63．which/that 64．wonders 65．but 66．Having visited 67．was amazed 68．recording 69．remarkable 70．means
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变化，并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。
61．考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
63．考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
64．考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
65．考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
67．考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。
69．考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
70．考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
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71．tasty 72．to bite 73．or 74．recognized 75．by 76．to be lifted 77．their 78．a 79．rarely 80．wanting
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。
71．考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。
72．考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
73．考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。
74．考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。
75．考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
76．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。
77．考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。
78．考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。
79．考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。
80．考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。
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81．to teach 82．sixth 83．as 84．where 85．borrowing 86．intended 87．Different 88．for 89．warning 90．be employed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
81．考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
82．考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
83．考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
84．考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
85．考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
86．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
87．考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
88．考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。
89．考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
90．考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
【点睛】
91．would throw
92．exactly 93．had arrived
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在瑞士和法国体验到的不同的守时习俗。
91．考查时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填would throw。
92．考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。修饰介词短语on time应用副词exactly，故填exactly。
93．考查时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。从句中表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
【点睛】
94．seen 95．cities 96．has established
【导语】本文是说明文。红树林，生长在陆地和海洋之间，有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭，到目前为止，中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。
94．考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。
95．考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。
96．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。
【点睛】
97．to 98．where 99．to address 100．facing
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。尼娜在32个国家跑过马拉松。她所有的跑步活动都有一个目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。她的努力鼓励其他人参与到一场名为“蓝色奔跑”的全球运动中来。
97．考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示“关注”短语为call attention to。故填to。
98．考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
99．考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。
100．考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。
【点睛】2023全国高考真题英语汇编
用单词的适当形式完成短文2
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you ever imagine that one day we could enjoy the benefits of Traditional Chinese Medicine in a cup of coffee
Traditional Chinese Medicine, or TCM, is 1 approach used to help people re-balance their health and mind. A typical way of making a TCM formula (配方) is to get a prescription from a 2 (license) doctor, shop for all the medicinal materials, and then brew(煎) them with water in a pot. These materials 3 (say) to have a restorative effect by re-balancing one’s natural energy, or Qi, 4 runs through series of invisible meridians (经脉) throughout the body.
But if you ask younger generations of Chinese, few visit TCM shops nowadays, let alone brew these time-tested remedies for 5 (they). However, social media has recently seen a type of coffee 6 (feature) goji berry juice get popular.
The concept of combining TCM herbs 7 popular drinks could make young people access TCM more easily. The key of TCM is 8 (prevent). By trying such drinks, young people can take more care of their health, and nip sicknesses in the bud. Most people, attracted in such a cafe by the”new TCM drinks“ at first, would also be offered other TCM products like dried herbs and teas, after which they stay 9 (learn) more about TCM.
As Traditional Chinese Medicine becomes more 10 (access) to young people, many are integrating these ancient drinks into their daily wellness routines.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is well known that aero(航空) sports have been popular in the US, New Zealand and other countries for years. China’s Hainan is famous for its natural 11 (beautiful) of endless sea, and golden beaches. 12 a warm climate and over 300 sunny days each year also provide favorable conditions for aero sports here.
Aero sports, including items such as skydiving and hot air ballooning, 13 (be) in rapid growth in China, and Hainan has seen the combination of such sports and tourism thriving over recent years. A great many frequent visitors 14 China’s southernmost island province choose to admire Hainan’s fantastic scenery not just at the beach, but also from high above with the help of 15 (professional) qualified skydiving coaches. Visitors can give full expression to their feelings and personalities, and liberate 16 (they) from their sometimes boring everyday life by participating in aero sports. What is shown in statistics is 17 a skydiving club saw a record-breaking single-day reception of 166 customers during this year’s Spring Festival holiday.
With the 18 (rise) popularity of aero sports, as well as advantageous policies in building the Hainan Free Trade Port, 19 increasing number of people from home and abroad have settled in Hainan. The province 20 (host) several national-level aero sports events in the past few years and is striving to build a national sports tourism demonstration zone by 2025.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 21 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 22 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 23 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 24 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 25 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 26 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 27 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 28 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 29 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 30 culture of grassroots Beijingers.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 31 (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
32 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 33 (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 34 (see) them. When he looked down, he 35 (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 36 screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry 37 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 38 (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my 39 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 40 to thank him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 41 (cover)an area about three times 42 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 43 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 44 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 45 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 46 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 47 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 48 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 49 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 50 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 51 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 52 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 53 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 54 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 55 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 56 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao 57 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 58 (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 59 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 60 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64 (large) tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66 (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
68 (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 70 (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always loved the ocean. In the 71 (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 72 (think)it is food.
I decided to do something 73 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 74 used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company 75 emailed its president. I told him how 76 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 77 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 78 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 79 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 80 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It 81 (build) originally to protect the city 82 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 83 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 84 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 85 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 86 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 87 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 88 way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 89 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 90 (day) routines.
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 91 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 92 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 93 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 94 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 95 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 96 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 97 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 98 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 99 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 100 must to visit!
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 101 (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 102 (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 103 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 104 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 105 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 106 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of 107 (visit) the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide 108 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 109 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 110 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
参考答案
1．an 2．licensed 3．are said 4．which 5．themselves 6．featuring 7．with/and 8．prevention 9．to learn 10．accessible
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了传统中医，现在许多年轻人正在将中医药融入到日常健康生活中。
1．考查冠词。句意：中医（TCM）是一种用来帮助人们重新平衡健康和心理的方法。结合语意可知，此处表示“一种方法”，空处应用不定冠词表示泛指，approach是元音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词an。故填an。
2．考查形容词。句意：制作中药配方的典型方法是从有执照的医生那里获得处方，购买所有的药材，然后在锅里用水煮。空处修饰名词doctor，应用形容词licensed，表示“得到正式许可的”，作定语，符合题意。故填licensed。
3．考查时态和语态。句意：据说，通过重新平衡人体的自然能量（即气），这些药材具有恢复作用，气流经全身一系列不可见的经络。根据句中runs可知，句子使用一般现在时，say与主语these materials之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语these materials是复数，be动词应用are。故填are said。
4．考查定语从句。句意：据说，通过重新平衡人体的自然能量（即气），这些药材具有恢复作用，气流经全身一系列不可见的经络。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Qi，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
5．考查代词。句意：但如果你问年轻一代的中国人，现在很少有人光顾中医店，更不用说为自己煮这些经过时间考验的药物了。结合语意可知，此处表示“年轻一代的中国人为他们自己煮中药”，空处应用反身代词themselves，表示“他们自己”，作介词for的宾语。故填themselves。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，社交媒体最近看到一种以枸杞汁为特色的咖啡变得受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，feature与逻辑主语coffee之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式featuring作后置定语。故填featuring。
7．考查固定短语。句意：将中药和流行饮料相结合的概念可以让年轻人更容易地接触到中药。combine sth. with/and sth.为固定搭配，表示“把某物和某物相结合”。故填with/and。
8．考查名词。句意：中医的关键是预防。结合语意以及常识可知，空处应用名词prevention，表示“预防”，作句子表语，符合题意。故填prevention。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：一开始被“新型中药饮料”吸引到这样的咖啡馆的大多数人，还会得到其他中药产品，如干草药和茶，之后他们会留下来了解更多关于中药的信息。结合语意可知，“他们留下来是为了了解更多关于中药的信心”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to learn。
10．考查形容词。句意：随着年轻人更容易接触到中医药，许多人正在将这些古老的饮料融入他们的日常健康生活。空处在as引导的时间状语从句中作表语，应用形容词accessible，表示“可接近的，易接近的”，符合题意。故填accessible。
11．beauty 12．And/But 13．are 14．to 15．professionally 16．themselves 17．that 18．rising 19．an 20．has hosted
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍海南省的航空运动活动。
11．考查名词。句意：中国的海南以其无尽的大海和金色海滩的自然美景而闻名。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词beauty，作宾语，是不可数名词。故填beauty。
12．考查连词。句意：并且，温暖的气候和每年300多个晴天也为这里的航空运动提供了有利的条件。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要连词and，连贯上下文，表示并列关系或转折关系，应用but。故填And/But。
13．考查谓语动词。句意：航空运动，包括跳伞和热气球等项目，在中国正迅速发展，近年来，海南的此类运动和旅游业蓬勃发展。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是现在的事实，谓语用一般现在时，主语是sports，be动词用are。故填are。
14．考查介词。句意：许多经常来到中国最南端岛屿省份的游客不仅选择在海滩上欣赏海南的美景，还选择在专业的合格跳伞教练的帮助下从高空欣赏海南的壮丽景色。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词to，意为“到某地”。故填to。
15．考查副词。句意：见第4题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，形式形容词qualified。故填professionally。
16．考查反身代词。句意：游客可以通过参加航空运动来充分表达自己的感受和个性，并将自己从有时无聊的日常生活中解放出来。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里的宾语和句子主语Visitors一致，所以用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
17．考查表语从句。句意：统计数据显示，今年春节假期，一家跳伞俱乐部单日接待166名顾客，创下历史新高。分析句子结构和意思可知， 7 a skydiving club saw a record-breaking single-day reception of 166 customers during this year’s Spring Festival holiday.是表语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，用连词that引导。故填that。
18．考查形容词。句意：随着航空运动越来越普及，以及海南自由贸易港建设的有利政策，越来越多的大量海内外人士定居海南。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，修饰后面的名词popularity。故填rising。
19．考查冠词。句意：见第8题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配a number of，意为“大量的”，空格后面increasing的第一个音素是元音音素，所以用an。故填an。
20．考查谓语动词。句意：该省在过去几年中已经举办了好几场国家级航空体育赛事，并力争到2025年建成国家体育旅游示范区。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里有in the past few years作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，主语是The province，助动词用has。故填has hosted。
21．and 22．originally 23．surrounded 24．were permitted 25．featured 26．spacious 27．simpler 28．as 29．events 30．the
【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。
21．考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
22．考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
24．考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
25．考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
26．考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
27．考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
28．考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
29．考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。
30．考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
【点睛】
31．falling 32．The 33．asleep 34．to see 35．accidentally 36．and 37．was fixing 38．threw 39．son's 40．how
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
32．考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。
33．考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
35．考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
36．考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。
37．考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
38．考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并列结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
39．考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
40．考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
41．Covering 42．the 43．were 44．to increase 45．is designed 46．and 47．populations 48．eventually 49．as 50．that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
42．考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。
43．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。
45．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
46．考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
47．考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。
48．考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。
49．考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。
50．考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。
【点睛】
51．to journey 52．who 53．held 54．A 55．protection 56．meaningful 57．has walked 58．highest 59．from 60．planning
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个有视力障碍的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
52．考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the man，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
53．考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。动词hold意为“举行”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。
54．考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。此处名词friend第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，且friend是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填A。
55．考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
56．考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
57．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
58．考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处是指三者或三者以上的比较，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
59．考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
60．考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填planning。
【点睛】
61．by 62．the 63．addressed 64．largest 65．responsibility 66．shared 67．and 68．To strengthen 69．inviting 70．its
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
61．考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
62．考查冠词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。分析句意可知，特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
63．考查动词的时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。分析句意可知，本句是陈述过去事情，所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。
64．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
65．考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。因为动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
67．考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。分析句式结构可知,名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
69．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语,表主动关系。故填inviting。
70．考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。分析句式结构可知,名词exhibition前应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填its。
【点睛】
71．seventh 72．thinking 73．to educate 74．which/that 75．and 76．harmful 77．excited 78．was 79．representative 80．from
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
71．考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。
72．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构， 2 (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
73．考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构， 3 (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
74．考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， 4 used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
75．考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
76．考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
77．考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
78．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
79．考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
80．考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
81．was built 82．in/during 83．to walk 84．spending 85．better 86．hired 87．but 88．the 89．watchtowers 90．daily
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者游览西安长城的过程。
81．考查动词语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。build和主语it之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，应用一般过去时。故填was built。
82．考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。表示“在某个朝代”，应用介词in或during。故填in或during。
83．考查非谓语动词。句意：骑行或者走完全程的14公里是可能的。固定句型It +be+adj+to do sth.，it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
84．考查非谓语动词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。此处After为介词，应用动名词，作介词宾语。故填spending。
85．考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级better。故填better。
86．考查动词时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。根据语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填hired。
87．考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。
88．考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙一路走了大约3个小时。固定短语all the way“一直，完全地”。故填the。
89．考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。watchtower是可数名词，由different修饰，应用复数形式。故填watchtowers。
90．考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines，应用形容词daily，作定语。故填daily。
91．What 92．humans 93．undoubtedly 94．hotter 95．astonished 96．was 97．and 98．aching 99．mine 100．a
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
91．考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
92．考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
93．考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！此处修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
94．考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和！此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
95．考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词astonished，表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填astonished。
96．考查动词时态。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
97．考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，应用并列连词and。故填and。
98．考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”，修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
99．考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句的does替代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine，指代my memory。故填mine。
100．考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
101．educated 102．development 103．its 104．until 105．the 106．of 107．visiting 108．financial 109．Activities 110．to have
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生态旅游通常被认为是到未受干扰地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
101．考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
102．考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development，表示“发展”，作动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
103．考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。结合语意，此处表示生态旅游有它的起源，空处应用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”，符合句意。故填its。
104．考查介词。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，应用短语not…until…，表示“直到……才……”，符合句意。故填until。
105．考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。结合语意，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，空处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
106．考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配，表示“各种各样的”，所以空处应填介词of。故填of。
107．考查非谓语动词。句意：最大限度地减少参观这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
108．考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。空格修饰名词aid，应用形容词形式作定语，financial是形容词，表示“财政的”，符合句意。故填financial。
109．考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。分析句子结构，空处应用名词作句子主语，应用名词的复数形式表示泛指，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Activities。
110．考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。aim to do为固定短语，表示“旨在，目的是”，符合句意，所以空处应用不定式形式。故填to have。2023全国高考真题英语汇编
完形填空1
一、完形填空
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）I was always timid (羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even 1 , so it was surprising I’d 2 to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price — to write a five-page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!
After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat-postponing the pain.
When I finally sat down to 3 , I began with the reasons Ms. Black would want to hear.
Talking kept me and my neighbours from 4 . One paragraph down; now what I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began 5 .
But when mum got home from work, I was still 6 , “Five pages! That’s impossible!”
“Well, you’d better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when you’re through.”
Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to mum. I half expected a 7 — at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”. 8 , mum laughed and laughed as she read.
The next day, when Ms. Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could 9 they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My 10 still needed some nudging (激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.
1．A．freer B．shyer C．calmer D．happier
2．A．nod B．point C．listen D．chat
3．A．weep B．rest C．write D．read
4．A．learning B．playing C．planning D．laughing
5．A．standing out B．flying by C．breaking up D．checking in
6．A．celebrating B．longing C．complaining D．warning
7．A．lecture B．reason C．reward D．solution
8．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Meanwhile D．Instead
9．A．hope B．imagine C．tell D．predict
10．A．patience B．confidence C．tolerance D．independence
（2023·全国·高考真题）Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 11 there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 12 its way down the hill toward us. It was 13 called Mario, coming to 14 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 15 for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 16 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 17 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any 18 , we thought. But we were 19 his kindness, so we 20 them.
What we discovered is that it’s 21 to judge what you eat only by its 22 . Those tomatoes had 23 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 24 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 25 memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 26 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 27 .
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 28 , and as close as possible to where they were 29 . What Mario had 30 us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
11．A．waited B．met C．camped D．stayed
12．A．making B．searching C．squeezing D．feeling
13．A．customer B．neighbor C．relative D．passenger
14．A．lend B．send C．bring D．show
15．A．choice B．comment C．promise D．gesture
16．A．worried B．moved C．thrilled D．bored
17．A．simple B．real C．shiny D．fun
18．A．more B．good C．new D．easy
19．A．sympathetic to B．thankful for C．cautious about D．interested in
20．A．tried B．sold C．returned D．mixed
21．A．unnecessary B．uncertain C．unwise D．unusual
22．A．appearance B．quality C．origin D．price
23．A．size B．shape C．color D．taste
24．A．smell B．look C．become D．work
25．A．happy B．vivid C．short D．vague
26．A．clean B．check C．count D．pack
27．A．perfect B．useful C．convenient D．familiar
28．A．on view B．on sale C．in season D．in need
29．A．finished B．stored C．found D．grown
30．A．cooked B．given C．bought D．told
（2023·全国·高考真题）On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 31 the course earlier than she did. Her 32 came because she was carrying a 33 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 34 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 35 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 36 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 37 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 38 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 39 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 40 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more 41 about why her act is considered a big 42 . “She was just crying. I couldn’t 43 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 44 , they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 45 of human kindness won the day.
31．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
32．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
33．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
34．A．race B．school C．town D．training
35．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised
36．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice
37．A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down
38．A．medical B．public C．constant D．equal
39．A．interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated
40．A．hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness
41．A．worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged
42．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal
43．A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand
44．A．ride B．test C．meet D．show
45．A．secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange
（2023·全国·高考真题）To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 46 best. She had to 47 her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 48 to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 49 waves on her board. But it was 50 to take the leap (飞跃), however 51 it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she 52 about 1,200 miles away from home, to 53 with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 54 and everything was new to her.
As it turned out, Douglas did 55 what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 56 two Russians. The Chinese coach 57 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 58 , helping her skyrocket from an 59 member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 60 the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She 61 the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 62 all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karolyl the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it 63 to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought 64 that she could make the London Games — and win.
“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to 65 .” And shine she did.
46．A．tried B．thought C．judged D．knew
47．A．take up B．pack up C．clean up D．do up
48．A．goodbye B．hello C．thanks D．no
49．A．cause B．observe C．ride D．strike
50．A．common B．time C．fun D．tough
51．A．breathtaking B．heartbreaking C．eye-catching D．head-spinning
52．A．dropped out B．moved on C．pulled over D．went off
53．A．reason B．talk C．compete D．train
54．A．met B．helped C．understood D．needed
55．A．approximately B．gradually C．exactly D．possibly
56．A．defeated B．pleased C．respected D．assisted
57．A．forced B．transformed C．persuaded D．put
58．A．world B．city C．team D．state
59．A．amateur B．elected C．average D．enthusiastic
60．A．clarifying B．defending C．winning D．demanding
61．A．followed B．organized C．watched D．led
62．A．confident B．nervous C．excited D．uneasy
63．A．viewed B．appeared C．mattered D．took
64．A．now and then B．more and more C．far and wide D．on and on
65．A．shine B．fly C．dance D．score
（2023·全国·高考真题）In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 66 . They could not afford to pay for 67 for their dog, Tiffy, and 68 wanted to take her with them.
It just 69 that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who 70 to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 71 Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very 72 . George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was 73 for him, having to leave his dog to a 74 and trust that everything would 75 .
After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me 76 Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and 77 them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was 78 , and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she 79 with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so 80 and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
66．A．turn B．budget C．schedule D．connection
67．A．food B．shelter C．medicine D．transportation
68．A．desperately B．temporarily C．secretly D．originally
69．A．appeared B．proved C．happened D．showed
70．A．waited B．offered C．hurried D．failed
71．A．see off B．look for C．hand over D．pick up
72．A．confused B．nervous C．annoyed D．curious
73．A．hard B．fine C．common D．lucky
74．A．coworker B．passenger C．stranger D．neighbor
75．A．speed up B．work out C．come back D．take off
76．A．feed B．follow C．change D．load
77．A．call B．join C．leave D．serve
78．A．unnecessary B．unexpected C．unavoidable D．uneventful
79．A．returned B．fought C．flew D．agreed
80．A．thankful B．generous C．proud D．sympathetic
（2023·全国·高考真题）Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table (绿松石桌), a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards. Ten years ago, Kristin and her family 81 to a new home in Texas.
One day. Kristin needed some backyard furniture for a party and 82 a few picnic tables from a grocery store. One table was laid in her front yard 83 . After the party, she painted the table turquoise—her 84 color—and put it in the front yard gladly. 85 , that turquoise table became the place where Kristin and her kids hung out. Neighbors began to stop by to 86 themselves and sit down for a chat. Kristin 87 people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea. Construction workers on jobs in the 88 took their lunch breaks at the table. A tired babysitter walking by sat down for 89 . Then neighbors asked Kristin if their family could put a picnic table in their front yard, too. A(n) 90 was born.
“People often 91 to invite others into their homes. They think their house is too 92 or they don’t have enough time.” Kristin says. Her picnic table takes away the 93 and the pressure.
“Hospitality (好客) doesn’t always mean 94 people with a meal or a big party. At the picnic table, all I have to do is 95 ,” she says. She likes how it 96 her to take a small step toward easing 97 and building relationships in her community.
A decade after their Texas beginnings, thousands of Turquoise Tables 98 in all states and in 13 countries around the world. Not all of them are 99 turquoise. No matter what color it is, it’s a 100 table.
81．A．cycled B．returned C．moved D．traveled
82．A．exchanged B．accepted C．discovered D．purchased
83．A．in advance B．by mistake C．in time D．on purpose
84．A．favorite B．original C．strange D．new
85．A．Hopefully B．Similarly C．Unexpectedly D．Fortunately
86．A．defend B．prepare C．express D．introduce
87．A．allowed B．invited C．advised D．encouraged
88．A．company B．countryside C．city D．neighborhood
89．A．shelter B．relaxation C．safety D．pleasure
90．A．movement B．miracle C．organization D．business
91．A．hesitate B．pretend C．prefer D．offer
92．A．distant B．quiet C．messy D．beautiful
93．A．doubts B．excuses C．results D．topics
94．A．attracting B．cheating C．surprising D．entertaining
95．A．show up B．dress up C．ring up D．cheer up
96．A．trains B．instructs C．enables D．forces
97．A．poverty B．loneliness C．disappointment D．failure
98．A．change B．melt C．disappear D．exist
99．A．actually B．probably C．specially D．obviously
100．A．dream B．family C．friendship D．schoolwork
（2023·全国·高考真题）I’m a bird lover. I’ve 101 a lot of photographs of birds, among which is a photograph of a hawk (鹰) that I really like. I know when you 102 a photograph of a hawk, your first thoughts are not of 103 . But without it, this photograph would not 104 .
Early one morning, I drove to Dacula to 105 the birds at Little Mulberry Park. I arrived well before sunrise, so I waited in my car until finally it started to get 106 . I got out of my car and immediately heard the geese making all kinds of noise from the 107 .
As I 108 around a bend, I stopped in 109 . There before me was a beautiful red-shouldered hawk sitting on a post. I started photographing him, and then heard the 110 of joggers behind me. I turned and asked if they would 111 waiting or walking on the other side of the road so they would not 112 the hawk off. I was deeply 113 when they said they could go in the other direction.
The road is 2.2 miles around the lake, and they 114 and ran in the other direction! Another 115 came up, and I said I was sorry. When I turned to thank him for 116 , he had already started to run in the other direction too.
Because the joggers were kind enough to 117 that for me, I was able to photograph the hawk for 20 minutes. The first two joggers had actually jogged the whole road and were 118 to where I first met them. I thanked them again.
I am thankful that the joggers showed kindness to me. It was something so 119 , but it meant getting my shot. They were willing to put me before 120 .
101．A．bought B．found C．taken D．checked
102．A．search for B．look at C．send out D．prepare for
103．A．kindness B．weakness C．confidence D．wisdom
104．A．develop B．exist C．help D．continue
105．A．compare B．train C．protect D．photograph
106．A．warmer B．colder C．lighter D．darker
107．A．sea B．street C．outside D．lake
108．A．walked B．drove C．stood D．rode
109．A．amazement B．puzzlement C．trouble D．peace
110．A．complaints B．footsteps C．suggestions D．departure
111．A．avoid B．delay C．enjoy D．mind
112．A．see B．keep C．scare D．fight
113．A．inspired B．touched C．embarrassed D．astonished
114．A．stepped forward B．turned left C．stepped out D．turned around
115．A．jogger B．driver C．bird lover D．photographer
116．A．coming B．returning C．waiting D．running
117．A．say B．do C．leave D．hold
118．A．up B．inside C．away D．back
119．A．small B．unique C．brilliant D．practical
120．A．others B．everything C．themselves D．everybody
（2023·全国·高考真题）“Hey!’ You have a hairless spot on the back of your head!” Mom’s alarmed cry hit me like a shock.
I tried to shrug it off. “It’ll grow back.” I worked to sound 121 .
At first, the loss was minimal. 122 the spot with my fingers became the top priority every day. No new hair, smooth as an egg. Weeks later, the spot was a little larger, and there was still no 123 of any hair poking through the skin. I began to 124 , but continued to try to be cool about it.
As days went by, my hair started to fall faster and more. 125 my fingers through it, I would stare at the alarming quantity of hair in my hands, willing this to 126 happening to me.
We went to see a doctor, who diagnosed my condition as alopecia (脱发症). He recommended an injection to try, which would be 127 to the head skin. I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain.
128 the injection began to trouble my sleep, and we finally had to stop the 129 . My hair still didn’t grow back.
I had to wear a wig (假发) to school every day, worried it might slip one day and that everything would 130 . Though aware that I should 131 the fact to my friends, I was scared, not knowing how they would handle the information. 132 , hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle. To my surprise, they all thought nothing of it. This was a(n) 133 for me.
I came to realize that what had happened was not my fault, and not something I should feel 134 of. I am learning that being bald doesn’t change who I am, and if I don’t let it affect my self 135 then other people are much more likely to accept me as I am, too.
121．A．mild B．calm C．upset D．relieved
122．A．Checking B．Polishing C．Clearing D．Covering
123．A．sense B．chance C．sign D．way
124．A．wonder B．panic C．swing D．withdraw
125．A．Reaching B．Shifting C．Feeling D．Running
126．A．delay B．avoid C．cease D．keep
127．A．attached B．connected C．guided D．applied
128．A．After all B．Worse still C．In brief D．By contrast
129．A．motion B．procedure C．routine D．mission
130．A．break out B．draw to a close C．fade away D．come to light
131．A．reveal B．restrict C．distribute D．highlight
132．A．Instead B．Furthermore C．Anyway D．Thus
133．A．blow B．credit C．exception D．miracle
134．A．proud B．ashamed C．fond D．guilty
135．A．evaluation B．introduction C．acceptance D．dependence
（2023·全国·高考真题）With nothing but her small boat for company, British lawyer Victoria Evans succeeded in crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
The 35-year-old 136 4,740 kilometers in 40 days and 19 hours, 137 against high winds, big waves and lack of sleep to 138 the fastest female solo (单人) row across the Atlantic Ocean. Despite experiencing terrible 139 and extreme conditions along the way, Evans 140 broke the previous world record by over eight days. “It was much 141 than I expected,” she told CNN Sport, “I got probably the strongest wind and the adaptation you need to keep going through was 142 .”
Evans had spent four years preparing for this 143 of a lifetime but nothing could have readied her for the 144 of an ocean crossing. Even just before setting off, the trip was 145 by issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic which forced the challenge to be 146 by a year. As soon as the challenge was 147 , difficulties came on the heels — High winds made rowing and sleeping extremely difficult, causing Evans to float off 148 at times. At one point she was even 149 outside of her cabin (舱) after a wave locked the 150 from the inside. It took her three hours to open the 151 . Evans often unavoidably got sunburnt, but she managed to 152 in extreme conditions.
“It’s a very 153 sport for me because you can’t get off when you’re there and you have to 154 it. So it was so, so inviting,” said Evans, who was 155 to cross the Atlantic after climbing Mont Blanc in 2017.
136．A．flew B．drove C．measured D．covered
137．A．avoiding B．battling C．facing D．surviving
138．A．aid B．match C．record D．meet
139．A．problems B．tricks C．successes D．surprises
140．A．casually B．magically C．naturally D．eventually
141．A．tougher B．stranger C．busier D．funnier
142．A．smooth B．huge C．surprising D．common
143．A．expectation B．destination C．journey D．discovery
144．A．wisdom B．discouragement C．reality D．flag
145．A．troubled B．destroyed C．guided D．monitored
146．A．motivated B．postponed C．accumulated D．shortened
147．A．halfway B．nearby C．overhead D．underway
148．A．bay B．port C．track D．island
149．A．stored B．stuck C．fixed D．discovered
150．A．drawer B．cupboard C．shelter D．door
151．A．lock B．chain C．wheel D．zipper
152．A．rescue B．escape C．lose D．recover
153．A．easy B．attractive C．mild D．basic
154．A．deal with B．break into C．take up D．come across
155．A．forced B．ordered C．inspired D．asked
参考答案
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者很害羞，刚来到新学校后更加害羞，不爱说话。于是老师让作者写一篇五页的“我为什么不应该在课上讲话”的文章。作者写的文章很搞笑，第二天当老师在课堂上读作者的文章时，同学们都笑了起来。
1．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的。A. freer更自由的；B. shyer更害羞的；C. calmer更冷静的；D. happier更高兴的。由上文“I was always timid(羞怯的)”和“even”可知，前后是程度的加深，我很害羞，所以刚到新学校更加害羞了，故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的。A. nod点头；B. point指；C. listen听；D. chat闲聊。由下文“Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”.(现在我在付出代价——就“我为什么不应该在班里说话”写一篇五页的文章)”和“I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.”可知，布莱克老师想知道我为什么不在班里说话的原因，由此可知，当老师想让我和同学们说话时，我认为要我和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的，故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我终于坐下来开始写作时，我首先说出了布莱克老师想听的理由。A. weep哭泣；B. rest休息；C. write写；D. read读。由上文“to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class””可知，此处write是同词复现，我开始写这篇五页的文章，故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈话使我和我的邻桌不能学习。A. learning学习；B. playing玩；C. planning计划；D. laughing笑。由上文“Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!”和“I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.”可知，现在我要写一篇五页的文章，那要花费我一晚上，所以说和邻桌谈话会阻止我和邻居学习，且以谈话会妨碍学习来解释，说明自己爱学习，这也是老师愿意听到的，故选A。
5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：书页开始飞逝。A. standing out突出；B. flying by飞越；飞逝；C. breaking up分手；D. checking in登记。由上文“Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.””可知，我开始写出很多内容，所以此处用fly by来说明我很快写出了很多页，故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当妈妈下班回家的时候，我仍然在抱怨，“五页！这不可能！”A. celebrating庆祝；B. longing渴望；C. complaining抱怨；D. warning警告。由下文““Five pages! That’s impossible!””可知，我认为我不可能写完这五页的内容，所以在抱怨，故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有点期待得到一种说教——至少一句“我希望你已经吸取了教训”。A. lecture说教；B. reason原因；C. reward奖励；D. solution解决办法。由下文“at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”.”可知，“我希望你已经吸取了教训”这是一种说教，故选A。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，妈妈一边读一边笑。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Instead代替；反而。前后句子“I half expected a______7____﹣at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”.”和“mum laughed and laughed as she read.”内容相反，应用instead，我本期待得到妈妈的奖励，然而妈妈非但没有奖励，反而在读我的文章时一边读一边笑，故选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能判断出他们不是在取笑我：他们笑是因为我有能力讲一个有趣的故事。A. hope希望；B. imagine想象；C. tell告诉；看出，判断出；区分；D. predict预计。由下文“they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story.”可知，我能判断出来，他们笑是因为我讲的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的自信心仍然需要一些推动，但我确实学到了我在写作的时候并不害羞。A. patience耐心；B. confidence自信；C. tolerance忍受；D. independence独立。由下文“still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.”和第一段提到的我很害羞可知，我的自信心不足，需要一些推动，故选B。
11．D 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 16．A 17．C 18．B 19．B 20．A 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的邻居马里奥给作者一家送了一个盒子，盒子里是自己种的西红柿和酿的酒，刚开始作者一家因为西红柿畸形的外表，和酒的浑浊感到不是很好，但是尝试过后，发现比超市的好，让作者明白仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. waited等待；B. met遇见；C. camped露营；D. stayed暂住。根据前文“Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.”可知，作者在当地买了房子，所以是第一次住在那里。故选D项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. making使；让；B. searching搜索；C. squeezing挤压；D. feeling感觉。根据后文“coming to 4 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，摩托车是开过来给我们送东西的，所以make one’s way复合语境，为固定搭配，意为“前往”。故选A项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. customer顾客；B. neighbor邻居；C. relative亲戚；D. passenger乘客。根据前文“we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 2 its way down the hill toward us.”以及最后一句“What Mario had 20 us was the taste of the Garfagnana”可知，马里奥是从山上下来的，送来了当地的食物，可推测是作者的邻居。故选B项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. lend借出；B. send发送；C. bring带来；D. show展示。根据后文“It was a very nice 5 for him to make.”可知，马里奥很友好，所以是给作者一家带来一个盒子。故选C项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他这么做真是太好了。A. choice选择；B. comment议论；C. promise诺言；D. gesture姿态。根据前文“coming to 4 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，马里奥给作者一家带来一盒子的西红柿和酒，所以是好的姿态。故选D项。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的样子。A. worried担心的；B. moved感动的；C. thrilled兴奋的；D. bored感到厌倦的。根据后文“because they were so misshapen”可知，西红柿是畸形的，所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。故选A项。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的样子。A. simple简单的；B. real真实的；C. shiny闪亮的；D. fun有趣的。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round”可知，空处是在形容超市里的西红柿，和前文的“nice, round”并列，结合选项，应是“shiny闪亮的”符合实际。故选C项。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们想，这些肯定不好。A. more更多的；B. good好的；C. new新的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 6 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 7 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.”可知，马里奥带来的西红柿和酒都不好，因此作者一家认为这些都不可能好。故选B项。
19．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. sympathetic to同情；B. thankful for对……表示感谢；C. cautious about谨慎对待；D. interested in对……感兴趣。根据前文“It was 3 called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，西红柿和酒是邻居送的，所以应该是很感谢他。故选B项。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. tried尝试；B. sold出售；C. returned回来；D. mixed混合。根据后文“Those tomatoes had 13 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.”可知，马里奥送的西红柿让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿，所以推知，他们是尝试了。故选A项。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. unnecessary不需要的；B. uncertain无把握；C. unwise不明智的；D. unusual特别的。结合前后文，可知，作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的，对其感到担心，但是后来发现，它的味道，比超市的西红柿要好，所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。故选C项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你的吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. appearance外观；B. quality质量；C. origin源头；D. price价格。根据前文“we were 6 because they were so misshapen”可知，此处应是通过外观来评判。故选A项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些西红柿的味道让我想起了我小时候叔叔种的西红柿。A. size尺寸；B. shape形状；C. color颜色；D. taste味道。根据后文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 14 perfect but taste of water.”可知，此处应是用马里奥送的西红柿和超市的西红柿作对比，马里奥送的西红柿外观差，但是味道好，让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿。故选D项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在超市里的西红柿看起来很好，但味道像水。A. smell闻起来；B. look看起来；C. become变成；D. work工作。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round, 7 things you get in a supermarket.”可知，超市的西红柿看起来很完美。故选B项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人会对那些有快乐的记忆。A. happy快乐的；B. vivid清晰的；C. short短的；D. vague模糊的。根据前文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 14 perfect but taste of water.”可知，超市的西红柿，看起来很好，但是吃起来像水，因此没有将会有快乐的记忆。故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他们没有设法种植方形的，这样他们就可以方便地包装它们。A. clean打扫；B. check检查；C. count计数；D. pack打包。根据前文“It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones”结合实际，可知方形的易包装。故选D项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的。A. perfect完美的；B. useful有用的；C. convenient便利的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据前文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知，此处表转折，结合选项，此处应是“马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的”之意，符合实际。故选A项。
28．考查介词短语辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，并且尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. on view在展出；B. on sale出售；C. in season当令的；D. in need困难中的。根据前文“It’s good to eat things at the correct time”可知，在合适的时间，也就是食物应季，当令的时候吃该食物口感是最好的。故选C项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. finished完成；B. stored贮存；C. found找到；D. grown成长。根据前文“It’s good to eat things”以及“as close as possible to where”可知，此处在讲在合适的时间吃东西是好的，根据where推断涉及地点，结合实际，应是在靠近它们生长的地方，摘下来吃，能保持新鲜，是好的，符合题意。故选D项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：马里奥给我们的是Garfagnana的味道。A. cooked烹饪；B. given给；C. bought买；D. told告诉。根据前文“It was 3 called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，应该是马里奥给作者一家的。故选B项。
31．D 32．A 33．D 34．A 35．C 36．B 37．D 38．A 39．B 40．B 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．C 45．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。
37．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课；D. deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test测试；C. meet体育比赛；D. show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。
【点睛】
46．D 47．B 48．A 49．C 50．B 51．B 52．D 53．D 54．A 55．C 56．A 57．B 58．A 59．C 60．C 61．D 62．A 63．D 64．B 65．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国体操运动员Gabby Douglas为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，不得不远离家乡，去离家1200英里的地方，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。最终在教练的训练下，Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。A. tried尝试；B. thought思考；C. judged判断；D. knew知道、熟悉。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“1,200 miles away from home”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas放弃她最熟悉的一切，来到一个陌生的地方，故选D。
47．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚的卧室。A. take up从事；B. pack up整理、收拾行李；C. clean up清理；D. do up装修。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“her bedroom in Virginia”可知，整理好她的卧室，准备离开这里，故选B。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. goodbye再见；B. hello你好；C. thanks感谢；D. no没有、否定的回答。由上“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”可知，Gabby Douglas要离开自己的家，所以与家里的狗说再见，故选A。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. cause引起；B. observe观察；C. ride骑、漂浮；D. strike打击。由下文“waves on her board.”可知，此处表示冲浪，ride the waves意为“冲浪”，故选C。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. common平民、普通；B. time时间；C. fun乐趣；D. tough暴徒。由下文“to take the leap (飞跃)”可知，虽然离开自己所熟悉的一切很难，但是是时候该迈出这一步了，故选B。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. breathtaking激动人心的；B. heartbreaking令人心碎的、令人伤心的；C. eye-catching引人注目的；D. head-spinning头晕的。上文提到的Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知，放弃自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心，故选B。
52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。A. dropped out退出；B. moved on继续；C. pulled over靠边停车；D. went off离开。由下文“about 1,200 miles away from home,”可知，Gabby Douglas到了一个离家1200英里的地方，故选D。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一位来自中国的教练一起训练。A. reason推理；B. talk谈话；C. compete竞争；D. train培训。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event”和下文“with a coach from China”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas离开家，由此可知，她来到这里是为了和一位来自中国的教练一起训练，故选D。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是全新的。A. met遇到、见过；B. helped帮助；C. understood理解；D. needed需要。由下文“everything was new to her.”可知，一切对她来说都是全新的，所以此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，故选A。
55．考查副词词义辨析。句意： 事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. approximately大约；B.gradually逐渐地；C. exactly准确地、完全；D. possibly可能地。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Gabby Douglas获得了奥运会全能冠军，由此可知，Gabby Douglas完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切，故选C。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. defeated打败；B. pleased使高兴；C. respected尊敬；D. assisted帮助。由上文“what she needed to do to become Olympic champion”和下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，成为了奥运冠军，故选A。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. forced强迫；B. transformed转换、改造；C. persuaded劝说；D. put放。由下文“Douglas into one of the best gymnasts”可知，这位中国教练让Douglas变成世界上最好的体操运动员之一，transform...into固定搭配，意为“使……变成……”，故选B。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. world世界；B. city城市；C. team团队；D. state国家。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，所以说她是世界最好的体操运动员之一，故选A。
59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。 A. amateur业余爱好的；B. elected当选的；C. average平均的、普通的；D. enthusiastic热情的。由下文“member of the national team to the top of the sport”可知，这位中国教练帮助Douglas从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。故选C。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过赢得奥运会全能冠军，她成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。A. clarifying 澄清；B. defending打败；C. winning赢得；D. demanding要求。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so.”可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，故选C。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她自始至终领先于竞争对手。A. followed跟随；B. organized组织；C. watched观看；D. led带领、领先。由下文“the competition from beginning to end”可知，比赛过程中，Douglas一直领先于竞争对手，故选D。
62．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说她一直坚信自己会赢。A. confident自信的、坚信的；B. nervous紧张的；C. excited兴奋的；D. uneasy不安的。由下文“all along that she would win.”可知，Douglas一直坚信自己会赢，故选A。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在不久前，女子国家队联络人Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件。A. viewed看待；B. appeared出现；C. mattered重要；D. took需要。由下文“to be an Olympian”可知，此处表示Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件，空处表示“需要”，故选D。
64．考查短语辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，她越来越相信自己能够在伦敦奥运会上获胜。A. now and then时不时地；B. more and more越来越多；C. far and wide广泛地；D. on and on不断地。由上文“As time went by”和下文“that she could make the London Games — and win.”可知，随着时间的推移，Douglas越来越相信自己能够赢得伦敦奥运会，故选B。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我准备好发光了”。A. shine照耀、发光；B. fly飞行；C. dance跳舞；D. score得分。由上文“I’m going to inspire so many people”和“And shine she did.”可知，Douglas认为自己将会激励很多人，即自己会发光，影响到很多人，故选A。
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66．B 67．D 68．A 69．C 70．B 71．D 72．B 73．A 74．C 75．B 76．D 77．A 78．D 79．C 80．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过Pilots N Paws网站帮助一家搬家的人将他们的狗接到另一个城市的过程。作者和另一位飞行员一起完成了这次任务，最终成功将这只狗带回到了它的主人身边。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，但他们的预算非常紧张。A. turn转折点；B. budget预算；C. schedule时间表；D. connection联系。根据“They could not afford to pay for ___2___ for their dog, Tiffy,”可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张。故选B。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。A. food食物；B. shelter庇护；C. medicine药；D. transportation交通。根据“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___1___ .”及下文可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张，所以付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费。故选D。
68．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。 A. desperately非常、拼命地；B. temporarily暂时地；C. secretly秘密地；D. originally起初。根据“wanted to take her with them.”可知，这家人非常想把狗一起带走。故选A。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. appeared出现；B. proved证明；C. happened碰巧；D. showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。故选C。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. waited等待；B. offered提供、主动提出；C. hurried匆忙；D. failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B。
71．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A. see off为……送行；B. look for寻找；C. hand over移交；D. pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来很紧张。A. confused困惑的；B. nervous紧张的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. curious好奇的。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him, having to leave his dog to a ___9___ and trust that everything would ___10___ .”可知，这家人看起来有点紧张和不安。故选B。
73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. hard困难的；B. fine好的；C. common常见的；D. lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a ___9___ and trust that everything would ___10___ .”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. coworker合作者；B. passenger乘客；C. stranger陌生人；D. neighbor邻居。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him,”可知，要把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C。
75．考查动词短语辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. speed up加速；B. work out解决；C. come back回来；D. take off起飞。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him,”可知，让狗的主人George相信一个陌生人一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：道别之后，我让George和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy送上飞机。A. feed喂养；B. follow跟随；C. change改变；D. load装载。load into装入。根据“Tiffy into the plane.”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机。故选D。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A. call打电话；B. join加入；C. leave离开；D. serve服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。故选A。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy是个很棒的乘客。A. unnecessary没有必要的；B. unexpected意想不到的；C. unavoidable不可避免的；D. uneventful太平无事的。根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事。故选D。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她和Karen一起坐飞机，几天后就回到了弗吉尼亚州的George那里。 A. returned返回；B. fought打仗；C. flew飞；D. agreed同意。根据“It just ___4___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___5___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen带狗Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。故选C。
80．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他非常感激，给我发了一封很漂亮的电子邮件，并附上了照片。A. thankful感激的；B. generous慷慨的；C. proud骄傲的；D. sympathetic同情的。通读全文，再根据“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.”可推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，George非常感激。故选A。
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81．C 82．D 83．B 84．A 85．C 86．D 87．B 88．D 89．B 90．A 91．A 92．C 93．B 94．D 95．A 96．C 97．B 98．D 99．A 100．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了绿松石桌运动在得克萨斯州兴起并传播至其他各州以及世界上13个国家。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：十年前，Kristin和她的家人搬到了德克萨斯州的新家。A. cycled骑自行车；B. returned返回；C. moved搬家；D. traveled旅行。根据下文“new home in Texas(德克萨斯州的新家)”可推理出空白处应填表示“搬家”含义的动词，故选C项。
82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，Kristin需要一些后院家具来举办派对，于是从杂货店买了几张野餐桌。A. exchanged交换；B. accepted接受；C. discovered发现；D. purchased购买。根据上文“Kristin needed some backyard furniture for a party(Kristin需要一些后院家具来举办派对)”以及下文“a few picnic tables from a grocery store(从杂货店……了几张野餐桌)”可推理出空白处应填表示“购买”含义的动词，故选D项。
83．考查介词短语辨析。句意：有一张桌子错放在她的前院。A. in advance提前；B. by mistake错误地；C. in time及时；D. on purpose故意。根据上文“Kristin needed some backyard furniture for a party(Kristin需要一些后院家具来举办派对)”以及“One table was laid in her front yard(一张桌子……被放在了前院)”可知，原本是要放在后院，却放在了前院，可推理出是放错地方了，故选B项。
84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：派对结束后，她把桌子漆成她最喜欢的绿松石色，高兴地放在前院。A. favorite最喜爱的；B. original原始的；C. strange奇怪的；D. new新的。根据下文“put it in the front yard gladly(高兴地把它放在前院)”可推理出那是她最喜爱的颜色，故选A项。
85．考查副词词义辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，那张绿松石色的桌子成了Kristin和她的孩子们休闲的地方。A. Hopefully有希望地；B. Similarly同样；C. Unexpectedly出乎意料地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据下文“that turquoise table became the place where Kristin and her kids hung out(那张绿松石色的桌子成了Kristin和她的孩子们闲逛的地方)”可知，桌子原本是用于派对的，现在却变成了Kristin和她的孩子们休闲的地方，出乎意料，故选C项。
86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们开始过来做自我介绍，然后坐下来聊天。A. defend保卫；B. prepare准备；C. express表达；D. introduce介绍。根据上文“new home in Texas(德克萨斯州的新家)”可知Kristin刚搬来，邻居们都不熟悉，所以邻居们过来先要做自我介绍，然后聊天，故选D项。
87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kristin邀请人们和她一起坐在桌子旁喝咖啡或冰茶。A. allowed允许；B. invited邀请；C. advised建议；D. encouraged鼓励。根据下文“to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea(和她一起坐在桌子旁喝咖啡或冰茶)”可知，Kristin邀请邻居们来喝咖啡或冰茶，故选B项。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在附近工作的建筑工人在餐桌旁午休。A. company公司；B. countryside农村；C. city城市；D. neighborhood邻近地区。根据下文“took their lunch breaks at the table(在餐桌旁午休)”可推理出建筑工人在邻近地区，故选D项。
89．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个疲惫的保姆走过，坐下来放松一下。A. shelter避难所； B. relaxation放松；C. safety安全；D. pleasure快乐。根据上文“A tired babysitter walking by sat down(一个疲惫的保姆走过，坐下来)”可推理出疲惫的保姆走过来坐下是要休息放松一下，故选B项。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项运动诞生了。A. movement运动；B. miracle奇迹；C. organization组织；D. business生意。根据第一段“Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table (绿松石桌), a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards.( Kristin Schell是the Turquoise Table的创始人，这是一个普通人的运动，他们希望在自己的前院创造社区权利)”以及“Then neighbors asked Kristin if their family could put a picnic table in their front yard, too(然后邻居们问Kristin，他们家是否也可以在前院放一张野餐桌)”可知，Kristin Schell发起的是一项运动，此处上下文在解释这项运动的由来，故选A项。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们常常在邀请别人到家里做客这一问题上犹豫不决。A. hesitate犹豫不决；B. pretend假装；C. prefer喜欢；D. offer提供。根据下文“They think their house is too ____12____ or they don’t have enough time. (他们认为他们的房子……或者他们没有足够的时间)”可知此处上下文说的是人们在邀请别人到家里做客这一问题上犹豫不决的原因，故选A项。
92．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们认为他们的房子太乱或者他们没有足够的时间。A. distant遥远的；B. quiet安静的；C. messy凌乱的；D. beautiful漂亮的。根据下文“they don’t have enough time(他们没有足够的时间)”可知此处上下文说的是人们不邀请别人到家里做客的理由，分析四个选项，C项“messy(凌乱的)”表达的含义符合语境，故选C项。
93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的野餐桌消除了借口和压力。A. doubts疑问；B. excuses借口；C. results结果；D. topics话题。根据上文“They think their house is too…or they don’t have enough time(他们认为他们的房子太乱或者他们没有足够的时间)”可知这些都是人们不邀请别人到家里做客的借口，故选B项。
94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“待客之道并不总是意味着用一顿饭或一个盛大的派对招待别人。”A. attracting吸引；B. cheating欺骗；C. surprising使惊讶；D. entertaining请客、招待。根据后文“people with a meal or a big party”指用一顿饭或一个盛大的派对招待别人。故选D。
95．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“在野餐桌上，我所要做的就是露面，”她说。A. show up出现；B. dress up打扮；C. ring up拨打；D. cheer up使高兴。上文提到待客之道不需要很复杂，即在野餐桌上要做的只是露面、来了就好。故选A。
96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她喜欢它能让她在缓解孤独感和建立社区关系方面迈出一小步。A. trains训练；B. instructs命令；C. enables使能够；D. forces迫使。根据后文“her to take a small step”可知，指野餐桌可以让她建立社区关系，从而缓解孤独感。短语enable sb. to do sth.表示“使某人能够……”。故选C。
97．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她喜欢它能让她在缓解孤独感和建立社区关系方面迈出一小步。A. poverty贫穷；B. loneliness寂寞、孤独；C. disappointment失望；D. failure失败。根据后文“building relationships in her community”可知，建立社区关系意味着可以缓解孤独感。故选B。
98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在得克萨斯州成立十年后，全球50个州和13个国家都有数千张绿松石餐桌。A. change改变；B. melt融化；C. disappear消失；D. exist存在。根据上文“thousands of Turquoise Tables(数千张绿松石餐桌)”以及下文“in all 50 states and in 13 countries around the world(50个州和全球13个国家)”可知此处上下文说的是数千张绿松石餐桌在50个州和全球13个国家存在，故选D项。
99．考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，并不是所有的都是绿松石的。A. actually实际上；B. probably可能；C. specially专门；D. obviously显然。根据后文“No matter what color it is”可知，指实际上，并不是所有的桌子都是绿松石的。故选A。
100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管是什么颜色，这都是一张友谊桌。A. dream梦想；B. family家庭；C. friendship友谊；D. schoolwork功课。根据上文“Neighbors began to stop by to ____6____ themselves and sit down for a chat.”可知，邻居、路人都可以在绿松石桌旁边坐下来休息、放松、聊天，可推理出这是一张友谊桌，故选C项。
101．C 102．B 103．A 104．B 105．D 106．C 107．D 108．A 109．A 110．B 111．D 112．C 113．B 114．D 115．A 116．C 117．B 118．D 119．A 120．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是作者在一群善良的跑步者的支持下拍摄鹰的照片的故事，这张照片中展示了跑步者们的善良和友好。
101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我拍了很多鸟的照片，其中有一张我很喜欢的鹰的照片。A. bought买；B. found发现；C. taken带走，拍照；D. checked检查。根据下文中的“I know when you ____2____ a photograph of a hawk your first thoughts are not of ____3____ .”可知，作者拍摄了很多鸟的照片，其中有一张是一只鹰，take photographs意为“拍照”符合语境。故选C项。
102．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我知道当你看到鹰的照片时你的第一个想法不是善良。A. search for搜寻；B. look at看；C. send out发出；D. prepare for准备。根据下文中的“your first thoughts are not of ____3____ .”可推断，应该是首先“看到”照片时才会产生对照片的第一想法。故选B项。
103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道当你看到鹰的照片时你首先想到的不是善良。A. kindness善良；B. weakness缺点；C. confidence信心；D. wisdom智慧。根据下文讲述的故事以及下文中的“I am thankful that the joggers showed kindness to me.”可知，人们看到鹰的照片不会想到背后那个“善良的”故事。故选A项。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但如果没有它，这张照片就不会存在。A. develop开发；B. exist存在；C. help帮助；D. continue继续。根据下文中讲述的故事和“Because the joggers were kind enough to ____17____ that for me, I was able to photograph the hawk for 20 minutes.”可知，作者担心跑步者会把鸟吓跑，都绕行才有了作者拍摄这只鹰20分钟，由此可推断，此处指的是没有这些人的善良，就不会有这张照片的“存在”。故选B项。
105．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天清晨，我开车去达库拉，在小桑树公园拍摄鸟类。A. compare比较；B. train训练；C. protect保护；D. photograph照片。根据下文中的“I started photographing him”可知，此处指的是“拍摄”照片。故选D项。
106．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在日出前到达，所以我在车里等着，直到最后天开始亮起来。A. warmer更温暖；B. colder较冷；C. lighter更亮；D. darker更暗。根据上文中的“I arrived well before sunrise”可知，作者在太阳升起前就到了，由此可推断，此处指的是在车上等到天开始“变亮”。故选C项。
107．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下了车，立刻听到大雁从湖上发出各种各样的声音。A. sea海洋；B. street街道；C. outside外边；D. lake湖。根据上文中的“I got out of my car and immediately heard the geese making all kinds of noise”以及下文中的“The road is 2.2 miles around the lake”可知，作者听到大雁的叫声，声音应该是来自于“湖”上符合语境。故选D项。
108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走过一个弯道时，我惊奇地停了下来。A. walked散步；B. drove驾车；C. stood站立；D. rode骑行。根据上文中的“I got out of my car”可知，作者从车上走下来，此处应指的是“走”过一个弯道符合语境。故选A项。
109．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我走过一个弯道时，我惊奇地停了下来。A. amazement惊讶；B. puzzlement迷茫；C. trouble麻烦；D. peace和平。根据上文中的“There before me was a beautiful red-shouldered hawk sitting on a post.”可知，一只红肩鹰坐在一根柱子上，由此可知，作者“惊讶地”见到这个情景。故选A项。
110．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始给他拍照，然后听到身后慢跑者的脚步声。A. complaints抱怨；B. footsteps脚步；C. suggestions建议；D. departure出发。根据下文中的“joggers behind me”可知，此处指的是跑步者的“脚步声”符合语境。故选B项。
111．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我转过身来，问他们是否介意在路的另一边等着或者走着，这样他们就不会把鹰吓跑了。A. avoid避免；B. delay推迟；C. enjoy享受；D. mind介意。根据上文中的“I started photographing him, and then heard the ____10____ of joggers behind me.”可知，作者要拍摄时听到有跑步者到来，由此可推断，此处作者应是问一下跑步者是否“介意”等等或者走路的另一边。故选D项。
112．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我转过身来，问他们是否介意在路的另一边等着或者走着，这样他们就不会把鹰吓跑了。A. see看见；B. keep维持；C. scare使害怕；D. fight战斗。根据上文中的“I turned and asked if they would ____11____ waiting or walking on the other side of the road”可知，作者问跑步者等等或者走路的另一边，由此可推断是担心把鹰“吓”跑，符合语境。故选C项。
113．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们说他们可以走另一个方向时，我深受感动。A. inspired受鼓舞的；B. touched感动的；C. embarrassed 尴尬的；D. astonished惊讶的。根据语境和下文中的“when they said they could go in the other direction.”可知，此处指的是作者被这些跑步者的举动所“感动”。故选B项。
114．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这条路绕着湖有2.2英里长，他们转身朝另一个方向跑去了!A. stepped forward向前进；B. turned left向左；C. stepped out走出；D. turned around转身，好转。根据下文中的“ran in the other direction”可知，他们向反方向跑去，由此可知，此处指的是“转身”。故选D项。
115．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个慢跑者走过来，我向他道歉。A. jogger慢跑者；B. driver司机；C. bird lover爱鸟者；D. photographer摄影师。根据another以及上文中的“I started photographing him, and then heard the ____10____ of joggers behind me.”可知，此处指的是“慢跑者”符合语境。故选A项。
116．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我转身感谢他的等待时，他也已经开始朝另一个方向跑去了。A. coming来；B. returning回来；C. waiting等待；D. running跑步。根据上文中的“I turned and asked if they would ____11____ waiting or walking on the other side of the road”以及下文中的“he had already started to run in the other direction too.”可知，作者问询跑步者可否等等或者走另外一条路，该跑步者也向相反的方向跑去，所以此处指的是作者感谢跑步者的“等待”。故选C项。
117．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为慢跑者很友好地为我做了这件事，所以我能够拍摄这只鹰20分钟。A. say说；B. do做；C. leave离开；D. hold举行，紧握。根据下文中的“I was able to photograph the hawk for 20 minutes.”可知，作者可以有20分钟时间拍摄鹰的原因是这些跑步者都这样“做”，do that指的是“向相反的方向跑”这件事。故选B项。
118．考查副词词义辨析。句意：前两名慢跑者实际上已经跑完了整条路，回到了我第一次见到他们的地方。A. up向上；B. inside在里面；C. away离开；D. back向后。根据上文“The road is 2.2 miles around the lake”可知，跑步者绕湖跑步，20分钟后又“回”到第一次见到他们的地方。故选D项。
119．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这件事虽然很小，但这意味着我得到了机会。A. small小的；B. unique独特的；C. brilliant杰出的；D. practical实用的。根据上文中的故事可知，作者认为虽然跑步者“向相反的方向跑”这是一件“小的”事情，但是对作者来说意味着能拍摄鹰。故选A项。
120．考查代词词义辨析。句意：这是一件很古老的事情，但这意味着我要得到我的机会。A. others其他；B. everything切；C. themselves他们自己；D. everybody大家。根据上文故事可知，为了让作者拍照，跑步者们向相反的方向跑，由此可以推断，跑步者们应该是首先考虑作者而不是“他们自己”。故选C项。
121．B 122．A 123．C 124．B 125．D 126．C 127．D 128．B 129．B 130．D 131．A 132．C 133．D 134．B 135．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者深受秃顶的困扰，去看了医生也于事无补，犹豫再三，作者还是告诉了朋友实情，结果朋友都没把它当回事。这让作者意识到不要为自己感到羞耻，要接受真实的自己。
121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我努力使自己听起来平静。A. mild不严重的；B. calm平静的；C. upset沮丧的；D. relieved放心的。根据上文“Mom’s alarmed cry hit me like a shock.(妈妈惊恐的哭声像电击一样击中了我)”以及“I tried to shrug it off. “It’ll grow back.”(我试图耸耸肩。“它会再长出来的。”)”可知，作者听到妈妈的话努力让自己听起来平静。故选B。
122．考查动词词义辨析。句意：用我的手指检查斑点成为每天的首要任务。A. Checking检查；B. Polishing抛光；C. Clearing清理；D. Covering覆盖。根据后文“the spot with my fingers”指用手指检查头上的斑点。故选A。
123．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周后，斑点变大了一些，仍然没有任何毛发从皮肤中长出来的迹象。A. sense感觉；B. chance机会；C. sign迹象；D. way方法。根据上文“the spot was a little larger”可知，斑点变大了一些，仍然没有任何毛发从皮肤中长出来的迹象。故选C。
124．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始恐慌起来，但还是尽量保持冷静。A. wonder想知道；B. panic恐慌；C. swing摆动；D. withdraw撤回。根据后文but表示转折，可知，作者开始恐慌起来，但还是尽量保持冷静。故选B。
125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会用手指拨弄头发，凝视着我手中惊人的毛发，希望这种情况不要再发生在我身上。A. Reaching研究；B. Shifting转换；C. Feeling感觉；D. Running奔跑；移动（某物）。根据后文“my fingers through it”指作者用手指拨弄头发，此处run one’s fingers through the hair意为“用手指摩挲着头发”。故选D。
126．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会用手指拨弄头发，凝视着我手中惊人的毛发，希望这种情况不要再发生在我身上。A. delay延迟；B. avoid避免；C. cease终止；D. keep保持。根据后文“happening to me”可知，作者的头发掉了很多，所以是希望这种情况可以停止。故选C。
127．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他建议尝试一种注射，将其用于头部皮肤。A. attached附上；B. connected连接；C. guided指导；D. applied应用；用。根据后文“to the head skin”可知，医生建议把这种注射用到头部皮肤上。故选D。
128．考查介词短语辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，注射开始影响我的睡眠，我们最终不得不停止这一程序。A. After all毕竟；B. Worse still更糟的是；C. In brief简言之；D. By contrast相比之下。根据后文“the injection began to trouble my sleep”可知，头发没有长回来，更糟糕的是，注射开始影响作者的睡眠，故选B。
129．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，注射开始影响我的睡眠，我们最终不得不停止这一程序。A. motion运动；B. procedure过程；C. routine常规；D. mission任务。根据上文“I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain.(我在几个月里接受了几次昂贵的注射，但都无济于事)”可知，注射影响了睡眠，所以最终不得不停止往头部皮肤注射药物这一过程。故选B。
130．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不得不每天戴着假发上学，担心有一天假发会掉下来，一切都会暴露出来。A. break out爆发；B. draw to a close接近尾声；C. fade away褪色；D. come to light暴露。根据上文“worried it might slip one day and that everything would”可知，作者担心有一天假发会掉下来，将没有头发的部分暴露出来。故选D。
131．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我知道我应该把事实告诉我的朋友，但我很害怕，不知道他们会如何处理这个信息。A. reveal揭示；B. restrict限制；C. distribute分配；D. highlight突出。根据后文“the fact to my friends”此处指把事实揭示给朋友，应用动词reveal。故选A。
132．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，经过几天的挣扎，我犹豫地告诉他们发生了什么。A. Instead反而；B. Furthermore此外；C. Anyway不管怎样；D. Thus因此。根据后文“hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle”可知，不管怎样，经过几天的挣扎，作者还是犹豫地告诉他们发生了什么。故选C。
133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是个奇迹。A. blow吹；B. credit信用；C. exception例外；D. miracle奇迹。根据上文“hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle. To my surprise, they all thought nothing of it”可知，作者一开始很担心朋友知道后的反应，结果朋友不在意这件事，所以是个奇迹。故选D。
134．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始意识到发生的一切不是我的错，也不应该感到羞耻。A. proud骄傲的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. fond喜欢的；D. guilty内疚的。根据倒数第二段可知，作者不敢告诉朋友，是因为觉得秃头很羞耻。故选B。
135．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道秃顶不会改变我是谁，如果我不让它影响我的自我接受，那么其他人也更有可能接受真实的我。A. evaluation评价；B. introduction介绍；C. acceptance接受；D. dependence依赖。根据后文“other people are much more like2023全国高考真题英语汇编
阅读理解D篇
一、阅读理解
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
1．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment.
2．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent
3．What did the follow-up study focus on
A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates.
4．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
5．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A．Pocket parks are now popular. B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C．Many cities are overpopulated. D．People enjoy living close to nature.
6．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A．To compare different types of park-goers. B．To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C．To analyze the main features of the park. D．To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
7．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B．Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C．The same nature experience takes different forms.
D．The nature language enhances work performance.
8．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A．Language study. B．Environmental conservation.
C．Public education. D．Intercultural communication.
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）What is life Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.
So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life ’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother ’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.
Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.
Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.
9．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .
A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful
10．What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged.
11．What can we learn from this passage
A．ALife holds the key to human future. B．ALife and AI share a common feature.
C．AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D．AI speeds up the process of human evolution.
12．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out
B．Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too
C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day
D．Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
13．How do Americans look at grizzlies
A．They cause mixed feelings in people.
B．They should be kept in national parks.
C．They are of high scientific value.
D．They are a symbol of American culture.
14．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A．The European settlers’ behavior.
B．The expansion of bears’ range.
C．The protection by law since 1975.
D．The support of Native Americans.
15．What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies
A．The opposition of conservation groups.
B．The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C．The voice of the biologists.
D．The local farmers’ advocates.
16．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
17．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．How past events should be presented. B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words. D．Why written language is reliable.
18．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A．His report was scientific. B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay. D．His record was one-sided.
19．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Problem. B．History. C．Voice. D．Society.
20．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A． How Maps Tell Stories of the World B． A Short History of Australia
C． A History of the World in 100 Objects D． How Art Works Tell Stories
参考答案
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
1．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
9．A 10．C 11．B 12．D
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life ’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother ’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦 史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故选B。
12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something: perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。
13．A 14．C 15．A 16．B
【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
【点睛】
17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
17．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
19．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。2023全国高考真题英语汇编
阅读理解B篇
一、阅读理解
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor.
2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine.
3．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John’s research plans. B．To show an application of John’s idea.
C．To compare John’s different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John’s invention.
4．What is the basis for John’s work
A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
5．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A．She used to be a health worker. B．She grew up in a low-income family.
C．She owns a fast food restaurant. D．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
6．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A．The kids’ parents distrusted her. B．Students had little time for her classes.
C．Some kids disliked garden work. D．There was no space for school gardens.
7．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A．Far-reaching. B．Predictable.
C．Short-lived. D．Unidentifiable.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Rescuing School Gardens B．Experiencing Country Life
C．Growing Vegetable Lovers D．Changing Local Landscape
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
9．How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name
A．Anxious. B．Angry. C．Surprised. D．Settled.
10．After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.
A．criticise the review process B．stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C．apply to the original project again D．put his heart and soul into the lab work
11．According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.
A．demanding B．inspiring C．misleading D．amusing
12．What can we learn from this passage
A．An invitation is a reputation. B．An innovation is a resolution.
C．A rejection can be a redirection. D．A reflection can be a restriction.
（2023·全国·统考高考真题） Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifths wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
13．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
14．Why did Terri’s grandfather give her 5 a day
A．For a birthday gift. B．As a treat for her work.
C．To support her DIY projects. D．To encourage her to take up a hobby.
15．How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A．By making it look like before. B．By furnishing it herself.
C．By splitting the rent with a roommate. D．By cancelling the rental agreement.
16．What trend in DIY does the research show
A．It is becoming more costly. B．It is getting more time-consuming.
C．It is turning into a seasonal industry. D．It is gaining popularity among females.
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
17．How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A．By teaming up with other photographers. B．By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C．By studying the geographical conditions. D．By creating settings in the corn fields.
18．What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A．Proper time management. B．Good shooting techniques.
C．Adventurous spirit. D．Distinctive styles.
19．What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B．They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C．They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D．They had problems with their equipment.
20．How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A．Amusing. B．Satisfying.
C．Encouraging. D．Comforting.
参考答案
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
【点睛】
5．D 6．C 7．A 8．C
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C。
【点睛】
9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). (当我看到邮件发件人的名字时，我的心跳加速了。这封邮件是这样开头的：“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注”，“审核过程比预期的要长。”信的结尾是“我们很抱歉地通知你……”，我的视线模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒绝的邮件，所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all. (因此，当我收到这封邮件后不久，负责这个项目的玛丽·德文教授邀请我去她的实验室观察正在进行的工作时，我感到非常震惊。我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她邀请我和她谈谈我可以在她的实验室里从事的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊——同时也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建议似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋，但我打算全力以赴)”可知，与德文教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段“I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue. (我发现自己和一个机器人教授一起研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术。我可以在沙发上完成这个项目，而不是在沙漠的酷热中完成，它不仅在封锁期间幸存下来，而且在传统方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科学兴趣去追求)”可推知，机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them. (我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不变地制定计划)”结合文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。故C选项“拒绝可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故选C。
13．C 14．B 15．A 16．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了一位DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能以及DIY项目可能会在女性群体中变成一种潮流趋势。
13．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. (她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年26岁的Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故选A。
16．细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“the research shows it is women now leading the charge (研究表明，现在是女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。
【点睛】
17．B 18．A 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。
17．细节理解题。通过文章第二段“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. (我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。
18．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。
19．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。
20．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。
【点睛】2023全国高考真题英语汇编
七选五
一、七选五
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A．Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
（2023·全国·高考真题）Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There is one answer. 6 .
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 7 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 8 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
● 9 .
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 10 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
（2023·全国·高考真题）How to learn a new language as an adult
Learning a new language can be a tough challenge at any age. However, it seems to be exceptionally difficult to get the hang of a foreign tongue as we age. 11 Yet, you can still master a foreign tongue as an adult with these tips:
It’s about connection.
It’s important to remember that learning a language is not really about learning a language. 12 Try to connect with people you may know by sharing your experience, or listen to podcasts and music in your target language, or read about the country’s history.
13
Watching TV shows in another language is an excellent way to get used to hearing a foreign tongue spoken in real-time. 14 TV shows, films, podcasts and even video games are all great forms of entertainment for learning a new language. Not only will these forms of entertainment lend added cultural and regional insights, but they’ll help you have fun while doing it.
Patience is key.
While you are learning, be patient with yourself. Learn to love your progress and celebrate your successes. Did you know the word “piano” means “piano”, “slow” and “quiet” in Italian Adding a single new word to your vocabulary can be so beautiful and rewarding. 15 .
A．Make it fun.
B．Listen to it spoken frequently.
C．Anything entertaining that exposes you to the language is great.
D．What you’ re actually learning is to communicate in a new way with others
E．It is contradictory to the popular belief: an adult can acquire a new language easily.
F．Drive slow so that you will be rewarded the amazing view along the hard road to fluency.
G．This is because human brains become less proficient in processing new information about language learning.
（2023·全国·高考真题）Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 16 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 17 Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 20 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
（2023·全国·高考真题）Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 21 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 22 .
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ 23 . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 24 .
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 25 ,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
（2023·全国·高考真题）As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 26 You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 27
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 28 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
· 29 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 30 Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A．Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E．You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F．Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G．You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
（2023·全国·高考真题）Have you ever complained that there just aren’t enough hours in a day Do you usually find yourself falling short on time in completing assigned tasks 31 No matter how hard I tried, tasks just kept piling up towards the end every day and it became extremely difficult to stay productive. In spite of trying all kinds of free and paid to-do apps, nothing helped.
That didn’t change until I discovered the time management technique called Time Blocking. Since then, I have been able to transform my daily schedule for the better with the help of Time Blocking. 32
It is a simple time management technique where you schedule your day such that it is divided into time blocks that are dedicated to specific tasks or groups of tasks. 33 Imagine that you have a dozen or so tasks that you want to finish working on tomorrow. You open your to-do app of choice and neatly list down everything that you plan to do, and then plot some important meetings and reminders in your calendar app. 34 The more specific you are about the task, the more focused and productive you will be and thus, more productive.
35 It not only makes your to-do list more manageable, but also it gives you more control over your day and helps you prioritize your tasks. It also improves your focus and helps get rid of procrastination(拖延症), as it allows you to focus on one project at a time.
A．So what is it exactly
B．Is everyone interested in it
C．I used to be in the same boat.
D．The benefits of Time Blocking are substantial.
E．Let’s further explain the concept in another way.
F．You’ll encounter countless questions like these in your life.
G．You’ll need to be very specific about the time and what you’re planning to do.
（2023·全国·高考真题）How to Make a Difference in Your Career
Making a meaningful career choice is a crucial decision in life. 36 , such as being a doctor, teacher or charity worker. However, you don’t have to limit yourself to just those choices. To have a lasting and meaningful impact, it’s important to consider the problem you expect to overcome.
Define what’s personally satisfying
37 . To ensure success, remember that your career is a marathon and not a short running. Most people reach peak productivity between the ages of 40 and 60, so it’s important to choose something that you can stick with for the long term. When looking for meaningful work, consider what is satisfied with you.
Define your career impact
To maximize your career’s impact, consider the importance of the problem you are addressing, how effective your job is at dealing with it, and your personal fit. Your personal fit depends on your abilities and career capital-skills, connections, and reputation, 38 , and you can ensure that you have a long term improvement in the lives of others.
39
Before thinking about specific career paths, it’s valuable to consider what kinds of careers tend to have the highest impact. Remember many career categories can enable you to make a big contribution to whichever global problems you think are most pressing.
Have a plan B and a plan Z
List promising alternatives you can switch to if your plan A doesn’t work out. If you’re ambitious enough, your plan A probably has a good chance of not working out. 40 To avoid unacceptable risks, write a plan Z — how you’ll get back on your feet if things go wrong.
A．So you should be ready to try again
B．Take all these factors into consideration
C．Explore the key categories of meaningful careers
D．Have a better understanding of the career categories
E．Finding work that is personally satisfying can be a challenge
F．People who show their interest in challenge get satisfying careers
G．There are many paths that you can take to contribute positively to the world
（2023·全国·高考真题）Traveling itself is an experience hard to be described in words. 41 Especially the solo (独自) traveling experience is so transforming that it lives with you forever. Here I am sharing some lessons.
42 Thinking how I would manage my entire day among strangers on campus, I pretended to be sick. Then I had the same feeling when I was planning to travel alone. Exploring a city on my own was a big fear for me but I successfully managed it all and now, I seek out new opportunities and experiences. I love to push myself. 43
Having grown up and lived all my life in a single place, I had a small set of friends since my school days which continued till my college days. 44 I met a few very interesting people with whom I could feel an instant connect and got some new friends for life.
I totally agree that traveling with family and friends is fun and enjoying. But traveling alone is satisfying too. It’s among those few things that you do for yourself and nobody else. 45 During my solo travels I have explored my inner self and have expanded my boundaries which people around me have acknowledged at times.
A．I want to experience more.
B．But all this changed with my first solo trip.
C．I never thought I would travel alone in my life.
D．I was so scared when I went to school first time.
E．Every journey prepares you for the journey of life.
F．The farther you travel, the more independent you become.
G．After all you need to take care of yourself a bit too at times.
（2023·全国·高考真题）As AI grows more sophisticated and widespread, the voices warming against the potential dangers of artificial intelligence grow louder. “The development of artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race,” according to Stephen Hawking. 46 “AI scares the hell out of me,” Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk once said. Below we take a closer look the possible dangers of artificial intelligence.
Job losses due to AI automation
AI-powered job automation is a pressing concern as the technology is adopted in industries like marketing, manufacturing and healthcare. Eighty-five million jobs are expected to be lost to automation between 2020 and 2025. 47 And while it’s true that AI will create new jobs, many employees who won’t have the skills could get left behind.
Social control through AI algorithms (算法)
TikTok runs on an AI algorithm that fill a user’s feed with content related to previous media they’ve viewed on the platform. Criticism of the app targets this process and the algorithm’s failure to filter out harmful and inaccurate content, raising doubts over Tik Tok, ability to protect its users from dangerous and misleading media. 48 So it really leads to a situation where you literally cannot believe your own eyes and ears.
49
Blue-collar workers have experienced wage declines as high as 70 percent because of automation. On the other hand, white-collar workers have remained largely untouched. From this sense, if the trend continues, the existing social and economic gaps between different races and classes will be further widened. Weakening ethics and goodwill If mankind’s so-called technological progress were to become an enemy of the common good, this would lead to a heavy blow to modern civilization. The rapid rise of the conversational AI tool ChatGPT gives these concerns more substance. Many users have applied the technology to get out of writing assignments. 50
A．This fear has become a reality
B．Widening socioeconomic inequality
C．Financial crisis brought about by AI
D．No one knows what’s real and what’s not
E．It threatens academic integrity and creativity
F．The famous theoretical physicist isn’t alone with this thought
G．As AI robots become smarter, the same tasks will require fewer humans
（2023·全国·高考真题）With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. 51 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 52 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 53 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. 54 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 55 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
（2023·全国·高考真题）Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
56 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 57 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 58 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 59 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 60 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A．Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B．Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C．The second draft of the essay should be better.
D．First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F．Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G．Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
（2023·全国·高考真题）Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “ 61 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 62 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 63 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 64
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 65 Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C．You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
（2023·全国·高考真题）Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 66 .
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 67 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
68 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· 69
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
70 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A．Remember important dates
B．Compensate by writing letters
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
（2023·全国·高考真题）Nowadays, in many places of the world, kids play soccer less than before. 71 Besides, many parents don’t know soccer’s real help to kids. Here are some reasons why kids should play the beautiful game.
Soccer is a team sport.
Teamwork is a life skill that kids need to learn. Being part of a team isn’t just about learning how to work together and share talents. It’s also about teaching kids how to face failure. It doesn’t end there, either. Being part of a team lets kids know how to take responsibility for their behavior. 72
Soccer shapes motor skills (运动技能).
Nowadays, many kids prefer to stay in their rooms to have fun through TV, video games and smartphones. 73 It can cause them to lose out on valuable motor skills. By playing youth soccer, kids get a chance to develop their physical strength and motor skills.
74
Soccer can improve students’ concentration (专注) in the classroom. Besides, soccer is a fast-paced game, so kids can learn how to solve problems quickly. Plus, soccer is a sport which involves getting the ball from point A to point B．So kids’ visual-spatial (视觉空间) ability can be improved when they play the game, which can help them learn subjects like Physics.
Soccer improves the personal character.
The World Health Organization recommends kid get at least 60 minutes of exercises daily. This isn’t only for the physical benefits but also for the benefits to the personal character. 75 And these kids often have more self-confidence.
A．Youth soccer helps improve family relationships.
B．So they have less time outdoors for sports.
C．Soccer plays a part in school performance.
D．Being part of a team can help you make many friends.
E．One cause is that many kids are busy with their studies.
F．Usually kids who like sports such as soccer are more outgoing.
G．After all, if one player performs badly, the rest of the team will suffer for it.
（2023·全国·高考真题）If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. 76
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. 77
78 Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. 79 A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. 80 Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder .
A．Stop to have a rest now and then.
B．Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C．This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D．Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E．Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F．You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.
G．Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
（2023·全国·高考真题）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 81 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 82 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 83 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
84 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 85 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A．Not all the customers are tourists.
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G．The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
（2023·全国·高考真题）According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
86 , if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living ”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 87 , it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
88 If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 89 .
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). 90 . Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A．How do you know the host
B．The first step is to go exploring
C．If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E．Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F．What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
参考答案
1．D 2．F 3．G 4．B 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
1．根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻， 因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
2．根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
3．空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
4．根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
5．根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项C“Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)”强调了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处。故选C。
6．G 7．E 8．B 9．C 10．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
6．根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
7．根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
8．根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
9．根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
10．根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
【点睛】
11．G 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作为一个成年人，如何学习一门新的语言。
11．根据前文“However, it seems to be exceptionally difficult to get the hang of a foreign tongue as we age. (然而，随着年龄的增长，掌握一门外语似乎格外困难。)”可知，此处指出随着年龄增长，掌握一门外语似乎格外困难，后文应该指出原因。G选项“This is because human brains become less proficient in processing new information about language learning.(这是因为人类的大脑在处理语言学习的新信息时变得不那么熟练了。)”解释了前文的原因，符合语境。故选G。
12．根据前文“It’s important to remember that learning a language is not really about learning a language.(重要的是要记住，学习一门语言并不是真正地学习一门语言。)”指出，学习一门语言不仅仅是真正的学习语言，后文提出学习一门语言的真谛是什么。D选项“What you’ re actually learning is to communicate in a new way with others.(你真正在学习的是用一种新的方式与他人交流。)”指出，学习一门语言实际上使用一种新的方式与他人交流，指出了学习一门语言的真谛。故选D。
13．根据后文“TV shows, films, podcasts and even video games are all great forms of entertainment for learning a new language. Not only will these forms of entertainment lend added cultural and regional insights, but they’ll help you have fun while doing it.(电视节目、电影、播客甚至电子游戏都是学习一门新语言的很好的娱乐形式。这些娱乐形式不仅能增加你对文化和地域的了解，还能让你在娱乐的同时获得乐趣。)”可知，学习语言可以通过愉快的方式来学习，如看电视节目、电影、播客甚至电子游戏，这些都是学习一门新语言的很好的娱乐形式。A选项“Make it fun.(让它变得有趣。)”概括本段段旨。故选A。
14．根据后文“ TV shows, films, podcasts and even video games are all great forms of entertainment for learning a new language. (电视节目、电影、播客甚至电子游戏都是学习一门新语言的很好的娱乐形式。)”指出，任何一种娱乐都可以是学习一门新语言的形式。C选项“Anything entertaining that exposes you to the language is great.(任何能让你接触到这门语言的娱乐活动都是很棒的。)”中的Anything entertaining与下文的TV shows, films, podcasts and even video games相呼应，指出任何能让你接触到这门语言的娱乐活动都是很棒的。故选C。
15．根据本段段旨“Patience is key.( 耐心是关键。)”以及设空处前句“Adding a single new word to your vocabulary can be so beautiful and rewarding.(在你的词汇表中增加一个新单词是如此美好和值得的。)”可知，此处强调的是在学习新的语言的过程中要有耐心，这是关键，在自己的词汇库中增加的每个单词都是美好和值得的。F选项“Drive slow so that you will be rewarded the amazing view along the hard road to fluency.(慢慢前行，这样你就能欣赏到沿途的美景。)”承接前文，指出慢慢前行，学习的过程中要有耐心，这样才能感受到增添的每个单词的美好即欣赏到沿途的美景。故选F。
16．D 17．B 18．F 19．C 20．G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
16．根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
17．根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
18．根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
19．根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
20．根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
【点睛】
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．E 25．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
21．根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
22．根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
23．根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
24．根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。
25．根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
【点睛】
26．C 27．G 28．A 29．D 30．E
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
26．根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
27．分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
28．分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
29．分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
30．分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
【点睛】
31．C 32．A 33．E 34．G 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种时间管理技巧——时间保护法（Time Blocking）。
31．前文“Have you ever complained that there just aren’t enough hours in a day Do you usually find yourself falling short on time in completing assigned tasks （你是否曾经抱怨过一天的时间不够用？你是否经常发现自己不能按时完成分配给你的任务？）”向读者提出两个关于时间分配方面的问题，后文“No matter how hard I tried, tasks just kept piling up towards the end every day and it became extremely difficult to stay productive.（无论我多么努力，每天的任务总是堆积如山，要保持高效率变得极其困难。）”讲述作者自己在时间分配上的处境，C项“I used to be in the same boat.（我以前也是这样。）”符合语境，承上启下，从前文过渡到后文。故选C。
32．前文“That didn’t change until I discovered the time management technique called Time Blocking. Since then, I have been able to transform my daily schedule for the better with the help of Time Blocking.（直到我发现了一种叫做“时间保护”的时间管理技巧，这种情况才有所改变。从那以后，我已经能够在时间保护的帮助下更好地改变我的日常计划。）”引入时间保护“Time Blocking”这一概念，后文的段落开始具体介绍这一概念，A项“So what is it exactly （那么它到底是什么呢？）”符合语境，承上启下，自然引出后文内容，其中的“it”指代前文的“Time Blocking”。故选A。
33．前文“It is a simple time management technique where you schedule your day such that it is divided into time blocks that are dedicated to specific tasks or groups of tasks.（这是一种简单的时间管理技巧，你可以把你的一天安排成专门用于特定任务或任务组的时间段。）”解释了Time Blocking这一概念，后文“Imagine that you have a dozen or so tasks that you want to finish working on tomorrow. You open your to-do app of choice and neatly list down everything that you plan to do, and then plot some important meetings and reminders in your calendar app.（想象一下，你有一打左右的任务，你想在明天完成。你打开你选择的待办事项应用程序，整齐地列出你计划做的所有事情，然后在你的日历应用程序中安排一些重要的会议和提醒。）”设想了具体应用该概念的情景，E项“Let’s further explain the concept in another way.（让我们以另一种方式进一步解释这个概念。）”符合语境，承上启下，自然过渡到后文的具体解释。故选E。
34．后文“The more specific you are about the task, the more focused and productive you will be and thus, more productive.（你的任务越具体，你的注意力就越集中，效率也就越高。）”说明了任务的具体程度和注意力、效率的关系，G项“You’ll need to be very specific about the time and what you’re planning to do.（你需要非常具体地说明时间和你计划做什么。）”符合语境，自然引出后文，其中的“specific”与后文内容呼应。故选G。
35．空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需概括段落内容。后文“It not only makes your to-do list more manageable, but also it gives you more control over your day and helps you prioritize your tasks. It also improves your focus and helps get rid of procrastination(拖延症), as it allows you to focus on one project at a time.（它不仅使你的待办事项清单更易于管理，而且还能让你更好地控制你的一天，帮助你优先考虑你的任务。它还能提高你的注意力，帮助你摆脱拖延症，因为它能让你一次专注于一个项目。）”具体介绍了时间保护这一策略的好处，D项“The benefits of Time Blocking are substantial.（时间保护的好处是巨大的。）”符合语境，可概括段落内容。故选D。
36．G 37．E 38．B 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何选择自己一生的职业并且如何在职业中做得出色。
36．空格处承上启下。上文“Making a meaningful career choice is a crucial decision in life.(做出一个有意义的职业选择是人生中至关重要的决定)”说明的是职业选择的重要性。下文“such as being a doctor, teacher or charity worker(比如成为一名医生、教师或慈善工作者)”说明的是选择哪些职业。由此可知，G项“有很多途径可以让你对世界做出积极的贡献。”承接上文，引出下文，符合文意。故选G。
37．空格处引出下文。根据下文“ To ensure success, remember that your career is a marathon and not a short running.(为了确保成功，请记住你的职业生涯是一场马拉松，而不是短跑)”可知，E项“找到个人满意的工作可能是一个挑战。”能够引起下文，说明了找到满意的工作具有挑战性，职业生涯是一场马拉松，符合文意。故选E。
38．空格处承上启下。上文“Your personal fit depends on your abilities and career capital-skills, connections, and reputation.(你的个人适合度取决于你的能力和职业资本技能、人脉和声誉)”说明影响适合度的因素。由此可知，B项“把所有这些因素都考虑进去。”承接上文，并引出下文；这些因素指的是“能力、职业基本技能、人脉和声誉”。故选B。
39．设空处为本段主旨句。下文“Before thinking about specific career paths, it’s valuable to consider what kinds of careers tend to have the highest impact.(在考虑具体的职业道路之前，考虑一下什么样的职业最有影响力是很有价值的)”说明的是“寻找最有影响力的职业”。由此可知，C项“探索有意义的职业的关键类别”起着总结本段作用，引出下文，说明的是探索有意义的职业，C项中的“explore”与下文中的“consider”相呼应。故选C。
40．空格处承上启下。上文“If you’re ambitious enough, your plan A probably has a good chance of not working out.(如果你有足够的野心，你的A计划很可能不会成功)”说明的是“如果野心太大，A计划就不会成功”；下文“To avoid unacceptable risks, write a plan Z — how you’ll get back on your feet if things go wrong.(为了避免不可接受的风险，写一份Z计划——如果出现问题，你将如何重新站起来)”说明的是A计划不成功怎么做。由此可知，A项“所以你应该准备好再试一次”承接上文不成功怎么办，引出下文再写一份计划。故选A。
41．E 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．G
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的经历介绍了独自旅行的好处。
41．根据上文“Traveling itself is an experience hard to be described in words.(旅行本身就是一种难以用语言描述的体验)”和下文“Especially the solo (独自) traveling experience is so transforming that it lives with you forever. (尤其是独自旅行的经历能给人带来巨大的改变，它永远与你同在)”可知，上下文都陈述了旅行对人的好处。由此可知，空处内容应与上下文一致，讲旅行的好处。E项“Every journey prepares you for the journey of life.(每一次旅行都会让你为人生的旅程做好准备)”符合语境。故选E。
42．根据下文“Thinking how I would manage my entire day among strangers on campus, I pretended to be sick. (想着如何在校园里与陌生人相处一整天，我假装生病了)”推知，作者上学第一天非常害怕。D项“I was so scared when I went to school first time.(我第一次上学的时候非常害怕)”符合语境。故选D。
43．空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Exploring a city on my own was a big fear for me but I successfully managed it all and now, I seek out new opportunities and experiences. I love to push myself.(独自探索一座城市对我来说是一大恐惧，但我成功地完成了这一切，现在，我寻求新的机会和经验。我喜欢鞭策自己)”可知，经历挑战后，作者寻求新的机会和经验。由此推知，作者想更多的类似体验。A项“I want to experience more.(我想体验更多)”符合语境。故选A。
44．根据上文“Having grown up and lived all my life in a single place, I had a small set of friends since my school days which continued till my college days.(我在一个地方长大并生活了一辈子，从上学到大学，我一直有一小群朋友)”和下文“I met a few very interesting people with whom I could feel an instant connect and got some new friends for life.(我遇到了一些非常有趣的人，我可以立即与他们建立联系，并结交了一些终身新朋友)”可知，作者从前只有一小群固定的朋友，没有走出自己出生和长大的地方，但后来他遇到了一些有趣的人，并和他们成为朋友。结合本文讲述独自旅行的好处推知，空处应陈述一次独自旅行改变了作者。B项“But all this changed with my first solo trip.(但这一切随着我第一次独自旅行而改变)”符合语境，承上启下。故选B。
45．根据上文“I totally agree that traveling with family and friends is fun and enjoying. But traveling alone is satisfying too. It’s among those few things that you do for yourself and nobody else.(我完全同意与家人和朋友一起旅行是有趣和享受的。但独自旅行也令人满意。这是你为自己而不是为别人做的少数几件事之一)”可知，相较于和家人朋友一起旅行，独自旅行是为自己做的事情。由此推知，空处应陈述独自旅行的好处。G项“After all you need to take care of yourself a bit too at times.(毕竟你有时也需要照顾好自己)”符合语境。故选G。
46．F 47．G 48．D 49．B 50．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能可能带来的危险。
46．根据上文“As AI grows more sophisticated and widespread, the voices warming against the potential dangers of artificial intelligence grow louder. “The development of artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race,” according to Stephen Hawking.(随着人工智能变得越来越复杂和广泛，反对人工智能潜在危险的声音也越来越大。斯蒂芬·霍金说：“人工智能的发展可能意味着人类的终结。”)”以及后文““AI scares the hell out of me,” Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk once said. Below we take a closer look the possible dangers of artificial intelligence.(“人工智能把我吓坏了，”特斯拉和SpaceX的创始人埃隆·马斯克曾经说过。下面我们来仔细看看人工智能可能带来的危险)”可知，后文提到了马斯克也有和霍金一样的看法，故F选项“这位著名的理论物理学家并不是唯一有这种想法的人”符合语境，故选F。
47．根据上文“AI-powered job automation is a pressing concern as the technology is adopted in industries like marketing, manufacturing and healthcare. Eighty-five million jobs are expected to be lost to automation between 2020 and 2025.(随着人工智能技术在营销、制造和医疗保健等行业的应用，人工智能驱动的工作自动化是一个迫切需要关注的问题。2020年至2025年间，预计将有8500万个工作岗位被自动化取代)”可知，上文提到“有8500万个工作岗位被自动化取代”，说明需要的人力变少了，故G选项“随着人工智能机器人变得更加智能，同样的任务将需要更少的人力”符合语境，故选G。
48．根据上文“TikTok runs on an AI algorithm that fill a user’s feed with content related to previous media they’ve viewed on the platform. Criticism of the app targets this process and the algorithm’s failure to filter out harmful and inaccurate content, raising doubts over Tik Tok, ability to protect its users from dangerous and misleading media.(TikTok运行在一种人工智能算法上，该算法将用户在该平台上看过的与之前媒体相关的内容填充到用户的feed中。对该应用程序的批评针对这一过程，以及该算法未能过滤掉有害和不准确的内容，这引发了对Tik Tok保护其用户免受危险和误导性媒体影响的能力的质疑)”可知，本段提到AI算法无法为用户过滤掉无害或不精准的内容，因此受到TikTok批判者的质疑。在此情况下，用户无法分辨眼前信息的真假，因此也造成了用户无法相信所见所闻的情况。故D选项“没有人知道什么是真的，什么是假的”符合语境，故选D。
49．根据后文“Blue-collar workers have experienced wage declines as high as 70 percent because of automation. On the other hand, white-collar workers have remained largely untouched. From this sense, if the trend continues, the existing social and economic gaps between different races and classes will be further widened.(由于自动化，蓝领工人的工资下降幅度高达70%。另一方面，白领基本上没有受到影响。从这个意义上说，如果这种趋势继续下去，不同种族和阶级之间现有的社会和经济差距将进一步扩大)”可知，本段的主要内容是在讲述AI带来的日益扩大的社会经济不平等。故B选项“社会经济不平等加剧”符合语境，故选B。
50．根据上文“Many users have applied the technology to get out of writing assignments.(许多用户使用这项技术来逃避写作作业)”可知，用AI摆脱写作任务，这会给学术诚信和创造性带来威胁。故E选项“威胁学术诚信和创造力”符合语境，承接上文，故选E。
51．D 52．G 53．C 54．E 55．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
51．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。
52．根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打折的票。)”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。故选G项。
53．根据上文“When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. (特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与前后文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。
54．根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“You might have to wait longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。
55．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。
【点睛】
56．D 57．B 58．E 59．F 60．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
56．空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“W2023全国高考真题英语汇编
阅读理解C篇
一、阅读理解
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
1．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills. B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems. D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
2．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over.
3．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
4．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them.
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
5．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings.
6．What are the selected artworks about
A．Wealth and intellect. B．Home and school.
C．Books and reading. D．Work and leisure.
7．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Understand. B．Paint.
C．Seize. D．Transform.
8．What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A．The printed book is not totally out of date.
B．Technology has changed the way we read.
C．Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D．People now rarely have the patience to read.
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.
It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others. One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline.
As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.
9．The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________.
A．draw a comparison
B．introduce a topic
C．evaluate a statement
D．highlight a problem
10．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Climate change has been forgotten.
B．Lessons of history are highly valued.
C．The human mind is bad at noting slow change.
D．Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.
11．What does the author intend to tell us
A．Far-sighted thinking matters to humans.
B．Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices.
C．Current policies facilitate future decision-making.
D．Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
12．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A．Foucault. B．Eric Weiner.
C．Jostein Gaarder. D．A college teacher.
13．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A．To compare Weiner with them.
B．To give examples of great works.
C．To praise their writing skills.
D．To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
14．What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A．Its views on history are well-presented.
B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C．It includes comments from readers.
D．It leaves an open ending.
15．What does the author think of Weiner’s book
A．Objective and plain.
B．Daring and ambitious.
C．Serious and hard to follow.
D．Humorous and straightforward.
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
16．What do people usually think of British food
A．It is simple and plain. B．It is rich in nutrition.
C．It lacks authentic tastes. D．It deserves a high reputation.
17．Which best describes cookery programme on British TV
A．Authoritative. B．Creative. C．Profitable. D．Influential.
18．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A．20%. B．24%. C．25%. D．33%.
19．What might the author continue talking about
A．The art of cooking in other countries. B．Male chefs on TV programmes.
C．Table manners in the UK. D．Studies of big eaters.
参考答案
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
3．推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
4．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
5．A 6．C 7．A 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章是对一本书的介绍，主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
5．推理判断题。In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. (在这本“书之书”中，艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系)”以及第三段“Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect, wealth or faith of the subject. (书籍本身可以在绘画中象征性地用来展示智慧，主体的财富或信仰)”和最后一段“From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. (从21世纪的角度来看，这本印刷书无疑是古老的，但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一本印刷书的扉页，即对该书的介绍。故选A。
6．细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
7．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
8．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
【点睛】
9．D 10．C 11．A
【导语】本文是说明文。近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。事实证明，人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，专注于当下有吸引力的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定。
9．推理判断题。第一段首句“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，接着下文“The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.(历史学家弗朗西斯 科尔（Francis Cole）认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有现在存在的时代，现在的特点是瞬间的残酷和无休止的现在的无聊”。)”引用历史学家Francis Cole的话来强调只注重现在的这种短期主义的危害，由此可推知，文章引用Francis Col的话是为了强调一个问题，故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary.(一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想削弱人类，他们不会派出飞船；他们会发明气候变化。的确，在环境变化的问题上，我们可以形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，每一代人都会认为他们所遇到的情况并没有什么不同寻常的)”可知，一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想要削弱人类，他们会发明气候变化，通过这种方式来削弱人类，因为人们对于气候变化形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，认为他们所遇到的情况没什么异常的，由此可推知人们不擅长察觉出缓慢的变化，故选C。
11．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，和第二段“It has been proved that people have a bias(偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices(牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow.(事实证明人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，只专注于当下引人注目的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和稳定。在商业中，这种偏见表现为短视决策。在气候变化等缓慢燃烧的问题上，这意味着不愿意今天做出小的牺牲，而这些牺牲可能会在明天产生重大影响。)”可知，文章主要讲述了短视决策的危害，呼吁我们要做出有远见的思考。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性，故选A。
12．C 13．D 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about undestanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosopical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
16．A 17．D 18．D 19．B
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting ”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
