2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编（10份打包）

2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编
阅读理解A篇
一、阅读理解
（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）Are you a recent graduate Do you have passion for helping others Are you looking for a solid work experience in a multicultural environment If so, you may be interested in the World Bank’s Junior Professional Associate (JPA) program.
The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of international development. In your JPA assignment, you’ll work with more senior workmates and project teams on reducing poverty.
What are we looking for
You should be 28 years of age or younger. Your academic achievements are superior. Your analytical and research skills extend to areas of specialization such as: economics, finance, human development, social sciences, agriculture, environment, etc. An equivalent of a bachelor’s(学士)degree is the minimum.
You are fluent in English and, preferably, in at least one other bank language (Chinese, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, or Portuguese). You love technology and integrate it in your work.
What are we offering you
We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits. Since this program is highly competitive, applicants may be asked to submit academic records as well as references. The World Bank will contact only those whom hiring managers wish to interview. Positions may be located in any of the World Bank’s offices across the world.
How to apply
Interested candidates may apply online. Please note that applications will be kept active in our database for a period of six months. Should you still be interested in JPA program after six months, you will need to re-apply.
1．The JPA program helps the young ______.
A．graduate with high honors
B．find solid and well-paid jobs
C．get entry-level work experience
D．challenge their senior workmates
2．What is necessary to be qualified for the JPA program
A．Age 28 or under.
B．Superb technology skills.
C．Having a master’s degree.
D．Fluency in English and Latin.
3．What will the World Bank offer
A．A two-year contract with welfare.
B．Interviews with general managers.
C．Positions in applicants’ hometowns.
D．Analytical and research skills training.
（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）With many Chicken Soup for the Soul books in development, we are always looking for new talent. So whether you are a regular contributor or new to our family, please share your stories with us.
Here is the recipe for submission.
Story Guidelines
·Tell a heartwarming story about something that has happened to you or someone you know.
·The story should start “in the action” and draw in the reader. Do not start your story with an introduction about what you are going to say.
·Don’t try fancy moves with tenses. Writing in the present tense about something that happened in the past rarely works.
·Keep your story within 1200 words. Tighten!
Tips about submitting
The only way to submit your stories is to do it on our website. A message, “Thank you! Your information has been received”, is the only confirmation of your submission. There is no email from us. If you have any problems, please write to: webmaster@.
There are many topics in each of our books. If you have a story that you think fits two of the topics, you may submit it to both. Also, there is no limit to the number of stories you may submit for each book.
After publication
If your story is selected to be published, you will be asked to sign our standard permission release agreement. This means that you maintain ownership of your story but you give us the rights to publish it and use it again in any future book or our other products.
After your story is published, you will receive ten free copies of the book your story appears in. You will be entitled to buy cases of your books at half price. You will also receive our monthly newsletter with advance notice of new books.
4．What kind of story is likely to be accepted by Chicken Soup for the Soul
A．A story with an introduction. B．A story of one’s own experience.
C．A story with more than 1200 words. D．A story written in the present tense.
5．What can we learn about story submission
A．You can submit your stories by email.
B．A story can just be submitted to one topic.
C．You can submit many stories to the same book.
D．An email will be sent for a successful submission.
6．If your story is published, you will ________.
A．lose its official ownership B．obtain future books in advance
C．get free cases of your books D．approve of its future publication
（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）One of the best ways to improve our communities is through volunteer work. According to a report from United Nations Volunteers, it is estimated that 140 million people volunteer in every nation and in a variety of settings. Forbes reports that research has shown that volunteering can greatly benefit volunteers. These benefits include an increased sense of productivity, the development of new skills, resume-building experience, improved physical health, and the emotional rewards that come with others appreciating you and your efforts. Here are some types for you to join in local communities.
Sports volunteering
You don’t need to be good at the sport in which you wish to volunteer. Some of the most important characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. Your sports organisation should put you through any qualifications that you need to carry out your role. Most people volunteer on average two or three hours a week, but there are also opportunities to volunteer more or less often.
Support the Red Cross
Red Cross is an organization that helps with disaster relief, blood donations, and more. Being a Red Cross volunteer provides experience in the medical field and allows you to help those in need. The Red Cross responds to disasters nationwide and helps communities recover. It may be difficult to see damaged communities, but you could have a part in assisting them to recover. In addition, you may meet new friends along the way.
Organize a Summer Reading Program
Summer reading programs are one way to keep children’s reading skills active and their mind fresh during the whole summer vacation. Organizing a summer reading program is an excellent way to get kids to read a book, broaden their vocabulary, and learn something new. You can share your favorite books, offer prizes to children who meet their goals, and turn the program into a friendly competition, all while teaching children the importance of reading.
7．What requirements do you need to meet if you want to volunteer for sports
A．Be fond of sports. B．Follow the fixed schedule.
C．Have past the qualification tests. D．Be good at various kinds of sports.
8．The summer reading program can help kids to .
A．share their favorite books
B．organize book reading competitions
C．review what they have learned in school
D．enrich their reading experience in summer
9．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To help manage the local community.
B．To introduce the communities in need.
C．To introduce different volunteer programs.
D．To show the benefits of doing volunteer work.
（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）Some libraries use unique architecture to encourage visitors to explore the bookshelves and settle down with a new book, or use roving libraries to bring books to hard-to-reach populations. No matter how they achieve it, these novel libraries are keeping the magic of reading alive.
Bishan Library (Singapore)
Built in 2006, this library with skylights and trellises, is meant to invoke a modern glass treehouse. Glass pods of varying colors stick out of the building randomly to create cozy yet airy corners for reading throughout the building. At the same time, a more open-plan children’s room on the basement level invites interaction while preventing noise from filtering upward and disturbing those concentrating in the lofty perches above.
Stuttgart City Library (Stuttgart, Germany)
Opened in 2011, this nine-story public library is characterized by its attractive white color scheme (lit by blue light at night), its bold cubic shape. This cultural center for the city, designed to feel open and full of light, can be entered from any of its four sides, and people can borrow artwork as well as books.
The Camel Library Service (North Eastern Province, Kenya)
To combat low literacy rates in the desert of Kenya, the government created a roaming library composed of nine camels bringing books to villages. The library travels four days a week serving the region’s nomadic people. With more funding, they plan to increase their reach both in distance and the books they carry.
Macquarie University Library (Sydney, Australia)
A wonderful combination of cutting-edge and sustainable ideas, this building was made from recycled materials, features a green roof, and was designed to look like the shape of a eucalyptus tree. It is also state of the art, using robot cranes to bring requested books to the front desk.
10．Which of the following can offer the service of lending artwork
A．Bishan Library. B．Stuttgart City Library.
C．The Camel Library Service. D．Macquarie University Library.
11．What can we know about the Macquarie University Library
A．It is intelligent and environmentally-friendly.
B．It has a green roof and a eucalyptus tree outside.
C．It is like a modern glass treehouse with skylights.
D．It opens four days a week serving the local people.
12．According to the passage, the four libraries are all designed to ________.
A．prevent noise
B．recycle old books
C．encourage reading
D．present beautiful appearances
（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）Explore your world — Mirthy
Online events to help you discover, learn and connect
Who is Mirthy
Mirthy is one of the most popular websites for online events and already loved and trusted by more than 45,000 people. It was designed to create an inclusive community where people can learn share and connect with others through a variety of events that are active, sociable, and uplifting. It’s all about fulfilment and wellbeing.
There are some online events each month to try, from craft workshops (手工工坊) to fitness sessions. For example, according to our event calendar, this week you can attend gardening classes and singing lessons. So whether you have a desire to get fitter or to pick up a new skill — signing up for classes and events with Mirthy could be just what you have been looking for.
How does it work
Sign up via the online registration form at Mirthy.com. Then you can take a look through the calendar of upcoming events and see what takes your fancy.
Once you register for an event you will then receive a link on email ready for you to join the live event. If your plans change and you can’t make it, you will receive a link for a 7-day replay that you can watch at a time that is convenient for you!
Best of all, it’s completely FREE to join
Join Mirthy for free today and you can enjoy any 4 events every month, for free! If you’re up for more, then you can either select and book additional events on a pay-as-you-go basis, normally for 2.99 each, or you can upgrade to the Premium membership giving you full free access to all events for only 4.99 per month.
If you choose to go for the Premium membership, there’s no contract. You simply upgrade your membership and you can cancel anytime.
13．What can people do at Mirthy this week
A．Make art crafts. B．Talk about fitness experience.
C．Learn songs. D．Study wild plants and animals.
14．Which of the following is true about Mirthy
A．People can sign up for the events online.
B．The events can be watched again at any time.
C．People can upgrade their membership for free.
D．No more than 4 events are offered each month.
15．What’s the main purpose of this passage
A．To share a lifestyle. B．To recommend a website.
C．To introduce online events. D．To explain a registration process.
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）Best Gifts for Every Type of Mom
Do you want to reward Mom with New Year gifts Millions of products are offered online, but don’t get scared away. We have done the work for you by selecting best gift ideas for every type of mom. Just click “Add to cart” to shower Mom with love.
Dainty Earrings-Best for the Jewelry Lover
Made from sterling silver, the earrings are lightweight and perfect for everyday wear. They’re also ideal for anyone with sensitive ears. Among the 8,000 plus five-star reviewers, April Farmer confirm: this, saying, “Just about every material irritates (刺激) my ears, but I have had these in for three months now-and no irritation, no color changing, or fading of silver. I can’t even tell they are in!”
KS Lunch Bag-Best for the Working Mom
This in-disguise cooler bag will put a smile on mom’s face during lunch hour. With thousands of five-star reviewers, the fashionable and functional KS bag has an insulated lining (隔热的内衬) that helps keep food and beverages fresh, and an inside pocket that holds utensils. Plus, the soft, lightweight design makes it easy to bring anywhere.
Breville Express-Best for the Coffee Lover
Talk about a morning boost! If Mom is a true coffee lover, she’s dreamed of owning a high-end espresso machine. Now you can make that dream a reality. The Breville Express, which has more than 14,000 five-star reviews, comes in either black or stainless steel surfaces and offers the same dose-controlled grinding (研磨) that’s normally reserved for fancy coffee shops.
Beckham Pillows--Best for the One Who Needs a Good Night’s Sleep
She deserves a peaceful night’s rest after all the hard work she does every day, and she’ll get just that with these Beckham pillows. The set of two affordable cooling gel pillows is ideal for back, stomach and side sleepers. It offers much-needed temperature regulation that will keep her more comfortable than ever. It’s a best seller with more than 126,000 five-star reviews, so it’s pretty much a hit.
16．April Farmer’s review indicates that the Dainty Earrings are .
A．durable and fancy B．simple and unique
C．stylish and valuable D．light and skin-friendly
17．From the passage, we can know that .
A．Dainty Earrings are best for formal occasions
B．KS Lunch Bag is silver, portable and insulated
C．Breville Express features fine and quick grinding
D．Beckham Pillows suit different sleeping positions
18．Who is the passage intended for
A．Agencies selling products to moms.
B．People seeking gifts for their moms.
C．Moms planning to reward themselves.
D．Salesmen studying moms’ preferences.
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）
The Southwest Museum
The collections of the Southwest Museum represent Native American cultures from Alaska to South America. The museum contains some of the finest examples of Indian art and artifacts in the Unites States.
EXHIBITIONS
In its permanent exhibitions, the Southwest Museum presents the remarkable cultural diversity of America’s earliest residents. The museum’s four main exhibit halls focus on the native people of the Southwest, California, the Great Plains, and the Northwest Coast. Visitors may survey prehistoric Southwest painted earthenware, and enjoy temporary exhibitions and exhibitions that are moved between museums.
PROGRAMS
Throughout the year the museum offers a wide range of programs including: performances, classes, lectures, festivals, films and demonstrations by noted artists and other educational programs for members and the general public. Guided gallery tours are offered by reservation, for student and adult groups.
MEMBERSHIP
Museum membership provides individuals and families with many chances to participate in the active and exciting Southwest Museum community. The membership benefits include: free admission to the Museum; invitations to exhibition openings and special events; reduced rates on programs and classes; discounts in the Museum Store; calendars of events;members’ newsletter and subscription to the museum’s magazine, Masterkey.
MUSEUM STORE
The museum store offers beautifully made Southwest silver jewelry, Pueblo earthenware, and kachina dolls. It also offers folk art from Mexico and Peru. The store carries a large selection of publications on Native American history, and on several famous Native American and Western artists. Museum members receive a 10% discount on all in-store purchases and a 20% discount on all museum publications.
Museum Hours:
Tuesday——Sunday
11:00 a.m.to 5:00p.m.
Telephone: 213-221-2164
Museum Location:
234 Museum Drive
Los Angeles, CA 90065
19．The collections of the Southwest Museum focus on _______.
A．lifestyles of American residents
B．native cultures of the Americas
C．diversity of American festivals
D．development of American arts
20．What can a visitor do at the Southwest Museum
A．Interview noted artists.
B．Try painting earthenware.
C．Appreciate traveling exhibitions.
D．Survey modern American folk art.
21．Which benefit can a museum member enjoy
A．Free classes and programs.
B．A 10% discount on kachina dolls.
C．The priority to reserve guided tours.
D．The right to invite friends to exhibition openings.
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）THE A RCHAEOLOGY (考古学) OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Spring 2023
Instructor: Dr. Jean Smith
Office: No, 280
Tel: 170-735-6511
E-mail: jean-smith@ un.edu
Office Hours: Tuesday 9-11 am. If you prefer, I am happy to set up a meeting online. If you have questions, please email me. I check my emails at least once a day, 5 days per week and will respond to all questions within 24 hours, except on weekends and holidays.
“Environmental change” has become one of the most debated topics of our time. But is environmental change a new phenomenon Or have humans been faced with climate change and been active agents of environmental change over longer periods of time You will find answers in this course.
Learning Outcomes
In this course, students will analyze a range of issues related to human-environment interactions. For example， students will analyze how different human economic motivations have affected their environments through time.
Students will examine how human actions can affect the environment, and how global environmental change can affect human societies and cultural heritage resources locally in different ways.
Students will compare and contrast modern responses to climate change with those of past societies.
By the end of the term, students should be able to demonstrate a basic understanding of the approaches to environmental reconstruction and archaeological analysis.
Course Plan
This is a Web Course delivered completely online, which means you work on the materials and turn assignments in on or before the due date. You will access online video lectures, readings, films, assignments, quizzes, and resources. Accordingly, you must have access to a functional computer and a reliable Internet connection.
Required Readings
Because of the vastness of the topic matter for this class, there is no required textbook. Instead, reading assignments will come from research articles. You may purchase or borrow books from the library after you get the book list.
Note: This document is a course plan, not a legal contract. If you have questions, talk to me during my office hour.
22．What do we know about Dr. Smith’s work schedule
A．She replies to students’ emails every day.
B．She arranges online meetings on weekends.
C．She is available in her office two hours a week.
D．She meets students face to face five days a week.
23．One of the learning focuses of the course is _____.
A．how cultural heritage has affected local society
B．how humans have adjusted to historical changes
C．how human actions have influenced the environment
D．how present climate is different from that in the past
24．What should students do before the course
A．Prepare devices. B．Buy textbooks. C．Pick a book list. D．Do some research.
参考答案
1．C 2．A 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍JPA项目的招聘要求，项目提供的内容和如何申请加入JPA项目。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of international development. (JPA项目是一个独特的机会，可以获得入门级的专业经验，并直接接触国际开发的挑战和回报。)”可知，JPA项目可以帮助年轻人获得入门级工作经验。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据What are we looking for 中的“You should be 28 years of age or younger.(你的年龄应该在28岁或以下。)” 可知获得JPA项目资格的必要条件是年龄要在28岁或以下，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据What are we offering you 中的“We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits.(我们将为您提供在一流开发机构获得入门级专业经验的机会，合同为期两年，并附带福利。)”可知世界银行将提供一份为期两年的合同并附带福利。故选A。
4．B 5．C 6．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。一家出版商正在寻找心灵鸡汤故事，文章也介绍了递交内容、递交方法以及出版事宜。
4．细节理解题。根据“Story Guidelines”中的第一句“Tell a heartwarming story about something that has happened to you or someone you know. (讲述一个发生在你或你认识的人身上的感人故事。)”可知，关于自己和朋友的故事更有可能被《心灵鸡汤》接受。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据“Tips about submitting”中第二段最后一句“Also, there is no limit to the number of stories you may submit for each book.(此外，你可以为每本书提交的故事数量没有限制。)”可知，你可以递交许多故事给同一本书。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据“After publication”中第一段 “If your story is selected to be published, you will be asked to sign our standard permission release agreement. This means that you maintain ownership of your story but you give us the rights to publish it and use it again in any future book or our other products.( 如果您的故事被选中发表，您将被要求签署我们的标准许可发布协议。这意味着你保留你的故事的所有权，但你给了我们出版它的权利，并在未来的任何书籍或我们的其他产品中再次使用它。)”可知，当你同意出版你的故事后，你也就同意了你的故事未来被出版。故选D项。
7．A 8．D 9．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。
7．细节理解题。根据“Sports volunteering”部分中“You don’t need to be good at the sport in which you wish to volunteer. Some of the most important characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. (你不需要擅长你想做志愿者的运动。一些最重要的特征包括热情和兴趣。)”可知，如果你想成为体育志愿者，一些最重要的特征包括对运动充满热情和兴趣。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据Organize a Summer Reading Program部分中“Organizing a summer reading program is an excellent way to get kids to read a book, broaden their vocabulary, and learn something new.(组织一个暑期阅读项目是让孩子们读书、扩大词汇量、学习新东西的好方法。)”可知，组织一个暑期阅读项目能够丰富他们的夏季阅读体验。故选D。
9．推理判断题。通读全文，向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。文章的目的是介绍不同的志愿者项目。故选C。
10．B 11．A 12．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个不同地方的创意图书馆，其目的是鼓励人们阅读。
10．细节理解题。根据Stuttgart City Library (Stuttgart, Germany)中的“This cultural center for the city, designed to feel open and full of light, can be entered from any of its four sides, and people can borrow artwork as well as books.(这座城市的文化中心设计得很开放，光线充足，可以从四面进入，人们可以借阅艺术品和书籍。)”可知，人们可以从这个图书馆借艺术作品和书。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据Macquarie University Library (Sydney, Australia)中的“A wonderful combination of cutting-edge and sustainable ideas, this building was made from recycled materials, features a green roof, and was designed to look like the shape of a eucalyptus tree. It is also state of the art, using robot cranes to bring requested books to the front desk.(这座建筑是尖端技术和可持续理念的完美结合，由回收材料建造，有绿色屋顶，设计模仿桉树的外观。它也是最先进的，使用机器人起重机将所需的书籍送到前台。)”可知，Macquarie University Library将尖端技术与可持续理念完美结合，由机器人起重机将所需书籍送到前台。由此可知，该图书馆非常智能，对环境也很友好。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Some libraries use unique architecture to encourage visitors to explore the bookshelves and settle down with a new book, or use roving libraries to bring books to hard-to-reach populations. No matter how they achieve it, these novel libraries are keeping the magic of reading alive.(有些图书馆以独特的建筑外观吸引游客在书架间探索、专心阅读一本新书，或通过流动图书馆服务，将书籍带给不便于到馆的读者。无论方式如何，这些别具一格的图书馆都让阅读的魔力经久不衰。)”可知，文章介绍的这些图书馆归根结底都有一个目的，就是吸引读者阅读、鼓励读者阅读。故选C项。
13．C 14．A 15．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任。文章对这个网站进行了推广和宣传。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“For example, according to our event calendar, this week you can attend gardening classes and singing lessons. (例如，根据我们的活动日历，本周你可以参加园艺课和歌唱课。)”可知，本周人们可以在Mirthy学习歌曲。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Sign up via the online registration form at Mirthy.com. (通过Mirthy.com的在线注册表注册。)”可知，人们可以在线报名参加Mirthy的活动，所以选项A正确。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据标题“Explore your world — Mirthy (探索你的世界——Mirthy)”和第一段第一句“Mirthy is one of the most popular websites for online events and already loved and trusted by more than 45,000 people. (Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一个网站。故选B。
16．D 17．D 18．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了给不同类型的妈妈选择最佳礼物的一些小贴士。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段中“no irritation, no color changing, or fading of silver. I can’t even tell they are in!”（没有刺激，没有变色，没有银色的褪色。我都不知道我戴着耳环！）可知，耳环比较轻，而且也对皮肤没有刺激。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Made from sterling silver, the earrings are lightweight and perfect for everyday wear. ”（这款耳环由纯银制成，重量轻，非常适合日常佩戴。）可知，这款耳环适合日常佩戴。选项A错误；第三段中“the fashionable and functional KS bag has an insulated lining (隔热的内衬) that helps keep food and beverages fresh, and an inside pocket that holds utensils. Plus, the soft, lightweight design makes it easy to bring anywhere.”（时尚和功能性的 KS 袋有一个绝缘衬里，有助于保持食品和饮料的新鲜，和一个内口袋，容纳器具。此外，软，轻便的设计使它很容易带到任何地方。）可知，KS 袋有一个绝缘衬里，轻便的设计使得它易于携带，但并没有说它是银质的。选项B错误；根据倒数第二段中“The Breville Express, which has more than 14,000 five-star reviews, comes in either black or stainless steel surfaces and offers the same dose-controlled grinding (研磨) that’s normally reserved for fancy coffee shops.”（Breville Express 有超过14,000条五星级评论，它有黑色或不锈钢表面，并提供通常只有高档咖啡店才有的剂量控制研磨服务。）可知，The Breville Express可以提供剂量控制研磨服务，没有提及它可以快速研磨，选项C错误；根据最后一段中“ideal for back, stomach and side sleepers.”（对平睡，趴着睡和侧面睡的人而言是合适的。）可知，Beckham Pillows适合不同睡姿的人士。与文意一致，故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Best Gifts for Every Type of Mom”（最适合各种类型妈妈的礼物）可知，文章主要是面向给妈妈选礼物的顾客。故选B。
19．B 20．C 21．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了西南博物馆的展品，项目以及会员福利。
19．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The collections of the Southwest Museum represent Native American cultures from Alaska to South America.(西南博物馆的藏品代表了从阿拉斯加到南美洲的美洲土著文化)”以及第二段中“In its permanent exhibitions, the Southwest Museum presents the remarkable cultural diversity of America’s earliest residents.(在其常设展览中，西南博物馆展示了美国最早居民的显著文化多样性)”可知，西南博物馆的藏品集中在美洲的本土文化。故选B项。
20．细节理解题。根据小标题PROGRAMS下的段落中“The museum’s four main exhibit halls focus on the native people of the Southwest, California, the Great Plains, and the Northwest Coast. Visitors may survey prehistoric Southwest painted earthenware, and enjoy temporary exhibitions and exhibitions that are moved between museums.(博物馆的四个主要展厅集中于西南部、加利福尼亚州、大平原和西北海岸的原住民。游客可以参观史前西南地区的彩绘陶器，欣赏临时展览和博物馆之间的展览。)”可知，游客在西南博物馆可以欣赏博物馆之间的巡回展览。故选C项。
21．细节理解题。根据小标题MUSEUM STORE下的段落中“The museum store offers beautifully made Southwest silver jewelry, Pueblo earthenware, and kachina dolls. It also offers folk art from Mexico and Peru. The store carries a large selection of publications on Native American history, and on several famous Native American and Western artists. Museum members receive a 10% discount on all in-store purchases and a 20% discount on all museum publications.(博物馆商店提供精美的西南银饰，普韦布洛陶器，和克奇纳娃娃。它还提供来自墨西哥和秘鲁的民间艺术。这家商店有大量关于美国原住民历史的出版物，以及一些著名的美国原住民和西部艺术家的出版物。博物馆会员在店内购物可享受9折优惠，购买所有博物馆出版物可享受8折优惠)”可知，博物馆会员可享受卡奇纳娃娃打九折的福利。故选B项。
22．C 23．C 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇通知。文章主要介绍了一个大学课程“环境变化的考古学”的课程信息以及上这门课的注意事项。
22．细节理解题。根据文章“Office Hours(坐班时间）”段落中第一句“Office Hours: Tuesday 9-11 am.(办公时间是每星期二上午九点至十一点。)”可知，史密斯博士每周只有周二上午九点至十一点两个小时在办公室，其余时间都是网上办公。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据文章“Learning Outcomes(学习成果)”部分第一段中的“In this course, students will analyze a range of issues related to human-environment interactions.(在本课程中，学生将分析一系列与人与环境相互作用有关的问题。)”和第二段中“Students will examine how human actions can affect the environment,(学生将研究人类行为如何影响环境，)”可知，本课程的重点在于研究人类行为是如何影响环境的。故选C项。
24．细节理解题。根据文章“Course Plan(课程计划)”部分中的“Accordingly, you must have access to a functional computer and a reliable Internet connection.(因此，你必须有一台功能正常的电脑和可靠的互联网连接。)”可知，学生在开课前必须要把电脑和网络等电子设备准备好。故选A项。2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编
用单词的适当形式完成短文
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Usually, stress is seen as being bad, but this is not always true. Eustress(积极压力)is the positive term for stress. It 1 (relate) to well-being and positive attitudes. Eustress occurs when the gap between what one has and what one wants is 2 (slight) pushed. Eustress creates a better environment for people, which 3 (make) them perform better and cost less. Therefore, Eustress is necessary 4 achievement.
（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Research shows that individuals who sit all day, even if they go to the gym for an hour, are at 5 (great) disease risk than those who are more active during the day. Informal activity such as 6 (walk) is beneficial to overall health. While there is no 7 (publish) recommendation for “safe” sitting time yet, a good rule of thumb is to move for at least 1 to 2 minutes each hour of sitting.
（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On May 17, a young girl 8 (take) a pack of snacks to a self-service counter at a new concept convenience store. The concept store is part of the “know your food” campaign of the UNICEF, 9 aims to empower people to make healthy and informed choices about their diet. After scanning her item, the girl realized she would have to climb 70 floors 10 (burn) off the calories. Though unwillingly, she gave up the snacks.
（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Grandma Xu is a seventy-year-old rural woman 11 did not graduate from primary school, but her ability to speak 11 foreign languages surprised many. She sold water at a scenic spot during the day. She learned foreign languages by persistent asking, frequent talking with, and 12 (help) foreign tourists. With her hard work, diligence, and warm heart, she learned different languages. She 13 (win) the recognition of friends from all over the world and made her life better.
（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station returned in the middle of April. 14 (live) in space for about six months, they completed more than 20 scientific tasks and brought back samples 15 them. Besides, they also delivered two live lectures from the space station, 16 showed the students their living and working areas. In addition to the lectures, they also demonstrated several scientific 17 (experiment) under zero-gravity conditions.
（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
According to China Daily, the summer of 2022 became the hottest since China’s meteorological (气象学的) records 18 (begin). The weather forecast reported that the high temperature in some areas could reach 40℃, 19 (possible) breaking records. 20 (affect) by the high temperatures, some areas experienced drought and a decrease in agricultural production. People and governments should be prepared to do more to tackle climate change.
（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Possessing more bamboo than any other country in the world, China is known as the Kingdom of Bamboo. To the Chinese people, bamboo is the symbol of virtue. It has the title of “the gentleman of plants”. It is always 21 (close) related to people of positive spirit. For example, 22 (it) deep root symbolizes determination, and the straight and hollow stem represents straightness and modesty. Bamboo culture always plays a positive role in encouraging Chinese people to hold on when 23 (face) tough situations.
（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Chinese 24 (researcher) have deployed an in-situ scientific experiment station on the seabed that will enable long-term uncrewed scientific research in the deep sea. The in-situ scientific experiment station is a new deep-sea system 25 (suggest) by China in recent years. Usually, 26 (tradition) marine surveys take samples from the seabed and get them tested in the land labs. For in-situ testing in the deep sea, damage or loss of sample data due to environmental changes can 27 (avoid).
（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Last weekend, I participated in a clean-up activity. It was organized by an organization 28 aimed to protect natural parks. Our team leader, Joe, 29 (take) us to a park outside the city. He divided us into two groups and we worked for several hours. 30 made us happy was that the park looked cleaner than it had looked before. It was absolutely worth our effort! There’ll be another clean-up activity in the green belt next Saturday. I’ll join too.
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
With the popularity of cycling, many cities have combined their tourism characteristics to launch themed routes. From indoor exhibitions 31 outdoor concerts and night cycling along the South Central Axis (轴), a series of activities 32 (introduce) next month so that urban residents can enjoy themselves. An official of the China Tourism Academy said, “As mass tourism grows in popularity, only high-quality outdoor tourism products can attract visitors and the integration of micro-vacation products with outdoor sports products 33 (have) a broad space for development.”
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Governments at all levels have made continuous efforts to reduce the financial burden on house renters, especially those 34 are new college graduates. A report by the Meadin Academy says that college graduates 35 (survey) prefer to live in apartments near the companies or railway stations to facilitate their commute (通勤). As to house rents, most college graduates still need 36 (assistant) from their parents and only about 20 percent of them pay the rent themselves. 37 (help) lower the financial burdens of young people, many governments and companies have given their support in house rentals.
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After earning a master’s degree in 2016, Huang Wenxiu returned to Baise, her hometown, instead of seeking a career in Beijing. “I come from 38 remote mountainous village. Quite a number of folks 39 (struggle) with poverty there, so all I wish is to do my part to improve their lives,” she once said. Huang volunteered to join the grassroots poverty alleviation (扶贫) effort. She invited experts to tell the villagers 40 they could improve production. She persuaded the villagers to expand the planting area and encouraged e-commerce sales. 418 people from 88 households were lifted out of poverty thanks to her efforts.
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When were you born For most people, this is an easy question. Even those who don’t know their exact birthday can usually figure out when they were born to within a few years. Yet the Internet is full of quizzes 41 (make) to help you determine in which decade you were born. These are usually based on what 42 (happen) in American pop culture at the time you first became aware of it. It sounds foolish. But many people, though 43 (complain) about the stupid quizzes, still take them, wondering 44 their answers generate their correct birth year.
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When I was in Singapore six years ago, I gave a taxi driver a card 45 a specific address on it and asked him to take me there as quickly as possible. When we had almost reached the destination, he circled around the block. His meter read $11, but he took only $10. He explained that he wasn’t so familiar with this area. Before getting out of the taxi, I 46 (tell) that the ride with the taxi driver is always an important experience 47 creates the first impression about this country for a person.
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Gratitude is more than just saying “thank you”. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something. Expressing gratitude makes us feel a positive emotion. Over the past thirty years, there 48 (be) many studies showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person offers us an opportunity 49 (escape) from negative emotions. Even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and 50 (satisfied) with life. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel.
（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Gary is a children’s book author. He first became 51 (interest) in cartoon art when he was a child. He enjoyed writing stories about his characters and sharing 52 (they) with others. However, he was quite disappointed when the adults praised his cartoon works just out of politeness. 53 (improve) this awkward situation, Gary started writing funny stories. He 54 (know) even polite adults could not pretend a laugh.
（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Schloss and her partner set out to find out 55 people like certain colors more than others. Their studies suggest that color preference 56 (cause) by how someone feels about objects of that color. For example, people often like blue 57 it reminds them of clear skies and clean water. On the other hand, people tend to shy away from brown because they are reminded of the food that has gone bad.
（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On October 12th, Shenzhou-14 crew members gave a live class to the students on Earth. During the class, the crew showed the students a science glove-box, 58 the plants experiments are performed. Then, the astronauts had real-time interactions with students 59 video calls and they answered students’ questions like “What kinds of plants 60 (bring) to space in future spaceflights ” At the end of the class, the crew said, “We expect you guys 61 (build) our space home better in the future.”
（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Research on the relationship between gratitude (感恩) and physical health is still exploring. The evidence of existing studies 62 (suggest) that there may be a connection. It appears that more grateful people report sleeping better and feeling 63 (healthy). Besides, gratitude may lead people to engage in behaviors that help keep them healthy, like not smoking. Now researchers still need to make it clear 64 gratitude is so good for our health.
（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Edward O. Wilson, the “modern-day Charles Darwin”, damaged his right eye when he 65 (catch) a fish in the river near his home at seven. The poor eyesight only allowed him to observe small 66 (creature) like ants. Interested in the selflessness of ants, which would sacrifice themselves for their colony (群体), Wilson developed a theory, 67 (confirm) the existence of altruistic(利他的) behavior in a wide range of species. It made him influential as both a close observer and a pioneering theorist.
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Self-discipline is essential for every person, regardless of 68 (he) age, class or profession. It shows a person’s character and helps him build relationships with those around him. It also helps in making good use of the available time. And this 69 (result) in increased productivity and enhanced efficiency. People who practice self-discipline are always respected 70 society.
It is proved 71 small changes in routine life such as sleeping and waking up at the same time each day, eating healthy food, exercising and setting goals can help in achieving self-discipline.
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Language Days at the United Nations seek 72 (celebrate) cultural diversity and promote equal usage of the official languages. There are six days for each of the six official languages.
The Chinese language is one of the six official languages chosen by the United Nations, and UN Chinese Language Day 73 (hold) on April 20 every year. The date was selected from Guyu, 74 is the 6th of 24 solar terms in the traditional Chinese calendar.
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sharon Brown 75 (win) a Women in Innovation award in 2021 for her work in developing a blood test that can help to identify cancer quicker and more accurately. The award was given by an organisation 76 (call) Innovate UK for International Women’s Day celebrations. Sharon is one of 38 women from the UK to have received the award. The award aims to support brilliant women to 77 (full) achieve their visions and change the world in future.
参考答案
1．is related 2．slightly 3．makes 4．for
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是积极压力的重要性。
1．考查动词。句意：它与幸福和积极的态度有关。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句中be related to为固定短语，意为“与……有关”。故填is related。
2．考查副词。句意：当一个人所拥有的和想要的之间的差距被略微拉大时，就会出现“良性压力”。分析句子，设空处使用slight的副词slightly作状语，意为“稍微地”。故填slightly。
3．考查动词。句意：良性压力为人们创造了一个更好的环境，使他们表现得更好，成本更低。分析句子，设空处使用动词作which引导定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。which指代前文的environment，为单数。故填makes。
4．考查介词。句意：因此，积极压力对于取得成就是必要的。句中be necessary for为固定短语，意为“对……是有必要的”。故填for。
5．greater 6．walking 7．published
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是久坐不利于健康，好的方法是每坐一小时至少运动1到2分钟。
5．考查形容词。句意：研究表明，那些整天坐着的人，即使他们去健身房锻炼一个小时，也比那些白天更活跃的人有更高的疾病风险。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，句中than为比较级的标志，故使用great的比较级greater。故填greater。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：散步等非正式的活动对整体健康有益。分析句子，设空处使用walk的动名词walking作such as 的宾语。故填walking。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然目前还没有发表过关于“安全”坐着时间的建议，但一个好的经验法则是每坐一小时至少运动1到2分钟。分析句子，设空处使用过去分词作定语修饰recommendation，此处publish意为“发表”，其过去分词为published，其与recommendation之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填published。
8．took/was taking 9．which 10．to burn
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了一个女孩联合国儿童基金会“了解你的食物”运动的一家商店购物的经历。
8．考查动词时态语态。句意：5月17日，一个小女孩拿着一包零食来到一家新概念便利店的自助服务台。分析句子可知，take是谓语动词，由时间状语On May 17可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，也可以表示过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填took/was taking。
9．考查定语从句。句意：这家概念店是联合国儿童基金会“了解你的食物”运动的一部分，该运动旨在使人们能够对自己的饮食做出健康和知情的选择。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰campaign，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which，故填which。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：扫描完她的商品后，女孩意识到她必须爬70层楼才能燃烧掉卡路里。尽管不情愿，她还是放弃了零食。分析句子可知，此处为目的状语，用不定式形式，故填to burn。
11．who/that 12．helping 13．has won/won
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位70岁的农村妇女，小学都没毕业，但能说11门外语的徐奶奶。
11．考查限制性定语从句。句意：徐奶奶是一位70岁的农村妇女，小学都没毕业，但她能说11门外语的能力让很多人感到惊讶。分析句子可知，空处引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词woman，指人，并在从句中充当主语，所以应填关系代词who/that。故填who/ that。
12．考查动名词。句意：她通过不断地询问、经常与外国游客交谈、帮助外国游客来学习外语。空处作介词by的宾语，应填其动名词形式helping，表示“帮助”，与前面的asking和talking并列。故填helping。
13．考查时态。句意：她赢得了来自世界各地朋友的认可，使她的生活变得更好。分析句子可知，空处谓语动词与后面的谓语动词made并列，所以可填动词过去式won，同时根据句意可知，空处也可表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，或对现在造成的影响，并可能持续发生下去，所以此处也可填现在完成式has won，谓语动词与主语She保持主谓一致，用单数。故填has won /won。
14．Living/Having lived 15．with 16．which 17．experiments
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲驻扎在中国天宫空间站的三名宇航员于4月中旬返回。
14．考查非谓语。句意：他们在太空生活了大约六个月，完成了20多项科学任务，并带回了样本。分析句子可知，这里应填非谓语，they 和live是主动关系，再根据句意可知，这里应用现在分词一般式或者现在分词完成式作状语。用于句首，首字母大写。故填Living/Having lived。
15．考查介词。句意：他们在太空生活了大约六个月，完成了20多项科学任务，并带回了样本。分析句子可知，这里考查bring sth with sb表“随身携带某东西” ，为固定搭配。故填with。
16．考查定语从句。句意：此外，他们还在空间站进行了两场现场讲座，向学生展示了他们的生活和工作区域。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子，在从句中作主语。故填which。
17．考查名词复数。句意：除了讲座，他们还演示了几项零重力条件下的科学实验。空处填名词作宾语，experiment为可数名字且由 several可知，此空应填可数名词复数。故填experiments。
18．began 19．possibly 20．Affected
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是据《中国日报》报道，2022年夏天成为中国有气象记录以来最热的夏天。
18．考查时态。句意：据《中国日报》报道，2022年夏天成为中国有气象记录以来最热的夏天。since引导的时间状语从句中时态用一般过去时，因此空格处用过去式began，故填began。
19．考查副词。句意：天气预报说，一些地区的高温可能达到40℃，可能会打破纪录。空格处用副词修饰动词breaking，possible的副词是possibly，意为“可能”，故填possibly。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：受高温影响，一些地区出现干旱，农业减产。句中谓语是experienced，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Affected。
21．closely 22．its 23．facing
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竹子在中国所象征的意义。
21．考查副词。句意：它总是与人的积极精神密切相关。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰后面的形容词related，故应用副词形式，结合句意可知，此处表示“密切相关”，应用closely，表示“紧密地、密切地”。故填closely。
22．考查代词。句意：例如，它的深根象征决心，而直而中空的茎代表正直和谦虚。分析句子可知，设空处在句中限定后面的deep root，结合句意及提示词可知，此处表示“它的深根”，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：竹文化一直在鼓励中国人面对困难时坚持不懈地发挥着积极的作用。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为Chinese people，二者之间为主动关系，应用现在分词doing；此处是一个when引导的时间状语从句的省略，原句应为when they are facing tough situations，此处将主语和be动词省略了。故填facing。
24．researchers 25．suggested 26．traditional 27．be avoided
【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国研究人员在海底部署了原位科学实验站，使得深海科学研究成为可能，文章介绍了实验站的工作原理。
24．考查名词。句意：中国研究人员已经在海底部署了一个原位科学实验站，这将使长期无人在深海进行科学研究成为可能。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作主语，应用名词，结合谓语动词have deployed可知，谓语为复数形式，故主语也需用复数形式。故填researchers。
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：原位科学实验站是近年来中国提出的一种新型深海系统。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为a new deep-sea system，和动词suggest二者之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，此处整个分词短语作后置定语。故填suggested。
26．考查形容词。句意：通常，传统的海洋调查从海底采集样本，然后在陆地实验室进行测试。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰后面的marine surveys，此处应填形容词，tradition的形容词形式为traditional，表示“传统的”。故填traditional。
27．考查动词语态。句意：在深海进行原位测试，可以避免由于环境变化造成样品数据的损坏或丢失。分析句子可知，设空处在句中和前面的can一起构成谓语，主语为damage or loss of sample data，与avoid之间为被动关系，故此处应用被动语态be done结构。故填be avoided。
28．which/that 29．took 30．What
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者参与清扫活动的经历。
28．考查定语从句。句意：它是由一个旨在保护自然公园的组织组织的。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的名词organization，这是一个定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词表示物，故可用which或that引导。故填which或that。
29．考查动词时态。句意：我们的领队乔带我们去城外的一个公园。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词，其主语为our team leader，二者之间为主动关系，用主动语态，结合上下文动词时态可知，本文通篇都在描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填took。
30．考查名词性从句。句意：使我们高兴的是公园看起来比以前干净多了。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，整个从句作was的主语，这是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示物，应用what引导，设空处位于句首，需首字母大写。故填What。
31．to 32．will be introduced 33．has / will have
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着自行车运动的普及，许多城市结合自己的旅游特色开辟了主题路线。文章讲述了下个月即将要举行一系列活动，让市民可以尽情享受。
31．考查介词。句意：从室内展览到户外音乐会，以及沿中南轴的夜间自行车活动，下个月将推出一系列活动，让市民可以尽情享受。固定结构：from...to...“从……到……”，结合句意，此处指从室内展览到户外音乐会，以及沿中南轴的夜间自行车活动，表示活动种类多。故填to。
32．考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：同上。空处在句中为谓语，结合空后“next month”可知，时态为一般将来时；句子主语“a series of activities”和动词“introduce”为动宾关系，所以此处用被动语态。故填will be introduced。
33．考查时态。句意：“随着大众旅游的普及，只有高质量的户外旅游产品才能吸引游客，且将微型度假产品与户外运动产品相结合，（将会）具有广阔的发展空间。”分析句子可知，空处为and后的并列句中的谓语，结合句意，这里可以表示一般性事实，用一般现在时，也可以表示将来的情况，用一般将来时，主语是单数，所以空处可以用has/will have，故填has/will have。
34．who 35．surveyed 36．assistance 37．To help
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了各级政府不断努力减轻租房者的经济负担，特别是刚毕业的大学生。
34．考查定语从句。句意：各级政府不断努力减轻租房者的经济负担，特别是刚毕业的大学生。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在从句中作主语，所以此处用关系代词who，故填who。
35．考查非谓语动词。句意：Meadin Academy的一份报告称，接受调查的大学毕业生更喜欢住在公司或火车站附近的公寓里，以方便他们上下班。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的宾语从句中作定语，修饰主语college graduates，从句的谓语prefer，动词survey和句子主语为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词surveyed，故填surveyed。
36．考查名词。句意：至于房租，大多数大学毕业生仍然需要父母的帮助，只有20% 左右的大学毕业生自己付房租。空处在句中作动词need的宾语，所以用名词assistance，为不可数名词，故填assistance。
37．考查非谓语。句意：为了帮助减轻年轻人的经济负担，许多政府和公司在房屋租赁方面给予了支持。分析句子可知，逗号前的所有内容在句中为目的状语，表示“政府和公司在房屋租赁方面给予支持”的目的，所有用不定式。因处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填To help。
38．a 39．are struggling/have been struggling 40．how
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了黄文绣（音译）回到自己的家乡百色，帮助家乡摆脱贫困的故事。
38．考查冠词。句意：我来自一个偏远的山村。village“村庄”为可数名词，此处使用了单数，空后形容词remote的首个音素为辅音，所以此处用不定冠词a，表示泛指。故填a。
39．考查时态。句意：在那里很多人与贫困作斗争，所以我希望的所有的就是尽自己的一份力量来改善他们的生活。空处在句中为谓语，本句话为直接引语，所以时态可以用现在进行时，也可以表示动作一直以来都在发生，且还将继续持续，所以用现在完成进行时。句子主语“a number of folks”为复数含义，所以助动词也用复数。故填are struggling/ have been struggling。
40．考查宾语从句。句意：她邀请专家告诉村民们如何提高产量。分析句子可知，空处及之后的内容为动词tell的宾语从句，空处作从句中的方式状语，所以用连接副词how，故填how。
41．made 42．was happening 43．complaining 44．if/whether
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了互联网上充满了帮助你确定你出生在哪个年代的测验，这些测试是基于你第一次意识到美国流行文化时所发生的事情，尽管许多人感觉这些测试很愚蠢，但是他们还是会做测试，因为他们想知道测试的答案是否符合他们正确的出生年份。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，互联网上充满了帮助你确定你出生在哪个年代的测验。句中有谓语动词is，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词quizzes，动词make和quizzes是被动关系，因为make quizzes意为“做测试”，此处“测试是被做”，所以此处应用过去分词made作后置定语，故填made。
42．考查时态。句意：这些通常是基于你第一次意识到美国流行文化时所发生的事情。what引导宾语从句，空处在从句中作谓语，由at the time you first became aware of it可知，句子描述过去当下时间点发生的事，应用过去进行时，故填was happening。
43．考查状语从句的省略。句意：但是许多人，虽然一边抱怨愚蠢的测验，但一边却仍然做测试，因为他们想知道测试的答案是否产生正确的出生年份。此处是though引导的状语从句的省略，从句主语和主句主语是同一主语，所以从句省略主语和系动词，从句主语many people和动词complain是主动关系，应用现在分词形式和系动词are构成现在进行时，即完整句子为though many people are complaining about the stupid quizzes，省略句为：though complaining about the stupid quizzes，故填complaining。
44．考查宾语从句。句意：但是许多人，虽然一边抱怨愚蠢的测验，但一边却仍然做测试，因为他们想知道测试的答案是否产生正确的出生年份。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，根据句意可知，此处表示“是否”，应用不做成分，只起连接作用的if/whether来引导，故填if/whether。
45．with 46．was told 47．that/which
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了六年前作者去新加坡时，打了一辆出租车去目的地。到达目的地后，车上的计费表显示11美元，但是司机只收了10美元，司机告诉作者，乘坐出租车是重要的经历，因为它会给人们留下对这个国家的第一印象。
45．考查介词。句意：六年前我在新加坡的时候，我给了一个出租车司机一张写有具体地址的卡片，让他尽快带我去那里。分析句子结构可知，and前后连接两个句子，此处表示“有”，应用介词with，构成with复合结构：with+名词+介词短语，故填with。
46．考查时态语态。句意：在下出租车之前，我被告知，乘坐出租车一直是一个重要的经历，因为它会给一个人留下对这个国家的第一印象。此处在主句中作谓语，主句描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，根据句意可知，此处表示“司机告诉我，即我被告知”，主语I和tell是被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是I，故填was told。
47．考查定语从句。句意：在下出租车之前，我被告知，乘坐出租车一直是一个重要的经历，它会给一个人留下对这个国家的第一印象。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为experience，指物，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which来引导，故填that/which。
48．have been 49．to escape 50．more satisfied
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究发现：感恩不仅仅是给人道一声“谢谢”，感恩是对某人或某事的更深层次的欣赏，同时也对我们的健康有好处，尤其是以写感谢信来表达感恩的这个方式，能使我们逃离负面情绪的影响。
48．考查时态。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一个逃离负面情绪的机会。根据时间状语Over the past thirty years，句子谓语用现在完成时态，此处为there be结构，主语为many studies，为复数，故助动词用have。故填have been。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一个逃离负面情绪的机会。此处考查名词opportunity，后接动词不定式作后置定语，故填to escape。
50．考查形容词比较等级。句意：即使我们不与任何人分享我们写的内容，完成练习的行为本身就会让我们更快乐、对生活更满意。设空处与形容词happier并列，也用比较等级，作us的宾补，故填more satisfied。
51．interested 52．them 53．To improve 54．knew
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加里是一名儿童图书作家，他喜欢写关于他笔下人物的故事，并与他人分享。但是，有时候人们却是处于礼貌对其作品进行称赞，于是，他开始写一些真正有趣的故事以改变这种尴尬的局面。
51．考查形容词。句意：他第一次对漫画艺术产生兴趣是在他还是个孩子的时候。分析可知，所填词在句中作表语，应是形容词，结合主语为“He”，表人物，应是-ed结尾的形容词“interested”，“become interested in”，“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。
52．考查人称代词宾格。句意：他喜欢写关于他笔下人物的故事，并与他人分享。分析可知，所填词在句中作宾语，应是用人称代词宾格形式。故填them。
53．考查动词不定式。句意：为了改善这种尴尬的局面，加里开始写一些有趣的故事。分析可知，所填词在句中作目的状语，用动词不定式。故填To improve。
54．考查时态。句意：他知道即使是有礼貌的成年人也不会假装笑。分析可知，所填词在句中作谓语动词，结合前文语境可知用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填knew。
55．why
56．is caused 57．because
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明人们会偏爱某些颜色，并介绍了这种现象产生的原因。
55．考查宾语从句。句意：施洛斯和她的搭档着手研究为什么人们更喜欢某些颜色。根据下文内容可知，下文解释的是人们为什么对颜色有偏好的原因。故填why。
56．考查动词语态。句意：他们的研究表明，颜色偏好是由某人对这种颜色的物体的感觉造成的。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；color preference和cause之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，preference为不可数名词。故填is caused。
57．考查原因状语从句。句意：例如，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水。根据句意可知，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水，应用because引导从句，意为“因为”。故填because。
58．where 59．through 60．will be brought 61．to build
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述神舟14号机组人员给地球上的学生们上的一堂直播课。
58．考查定语从句。句意：在课堂上，工作人员向学生们展示了一个科学手套箱，在那里进行植物实验。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a science glove-box，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
59．考查介词。句意：然后，宇航员通过视频通话与学生进行实时互动，并回答学生的问题，如“未来的太空飞行将把什么样的植物带到太空？”结合句意和句子结构可知，此处填介词through“通过”，through video calls“通过视频电话”。故填through。
60．考查时态语态。句意同上。空处为句子谓语动词，根据in future spaceflights可知此处描述将来发生的事情，且主语plants和bring之间为被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be brought。
61．考查不定式。句意：在课程结束时，神舟全体人员说：“我们希望你们将来能把我们的太空家园建得更好。”结合句意表达“期待某人做某事”用expect sb. to do sth.，不定式作宾补。故填to build。
62．suggests 63．healthier 64．why
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有证据表明感恩与身体健康之间可能存在关系。
62．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现有研究的证据表明可能存在关联。分析句子可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“evidence”意为“证据”，为不可数名词，故空格处应用“suggest”的三单形式“suggests”。故填suggests。
63．考查形容词比较级。句意：似乎更多感恩的人表示自己睡得更好，感觉更健康。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作表语，根据句意和句中“better”可知，句中把感恩的人和其他人进行比较，感恩的人睡得更好，感觉更健康，故空格处应用“healthy”的比较级“healthier”。故填healthier。
64．考查宾语从句。句意：现在，研究人员仍然需要弄清楚感恩对我们的健康是否如此有益。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，“it”作形式宾语，空格处单词引导从句，作真正的宾语，根据上文“ gratitude may lead people to engage in behaviors that help keep them healthy, like not smoking”可知：感恩能让人们做帮助保持健康的行为。所以想弄清楚“为什么感恩对于健康有好处”。故填写why.
65．was catching
66．creatures 67．confirming
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，介绍了Edward Wilson虽然小时候右眼受损，但是这使他成为一位密切的观察者和一位开拓性的理论家。
65．考查动词时态。句意：七岁时在家附近的河里抓鱼时，右眼受损。分析句子可知，空格处为时间状语从句的谓语部分，根据下文“at seven”可知从句谓语动词应使用一般过去时。又因为强调过去某个时刻动作的进行（在七岁时，抓鱼的时刻），所以应用过去进行时。故填was catching。
66．考查名词复数形式。句意：视力差只能让他观察蚂蚁这样的小生物。分析句子可知，空格处为句子宾语，名词creature是可数名词，此处应使用复数形式，故填creatures。
67．考查非谓语动词。句意：威尔逊对蚂蚁的无私感兴趣，因为蚂蚁会为自己的殖民地牺牲自己，他提出了一个理论，证实了在广泛的物种中存在利他行为。分析句子可知，空格处为非谓语动词，和它的逻辑主语之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填confirming。
68．his 69．results 70．in 71．that
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了自律对每个人来说都是必要的。它展示了一个人的性格，并帮助他与他周围的人建立关系。它还有助于充分利用可用的时间。自律是有益的。日常生活中的小改变都有助于实现自律。
68．考查代词。句意：自律对每个人来说都是必要的，无论他的年龄、阶级或职业。修饰名词age，class or profession用形容词性物主代词作定语，故填his。
69．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这导致提高生产力和增长效率。分析句子可知，result in作谓语，文章讲述事实用一般现在时，主语this是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填results。
70．考查介词。句意：自律的人总是受到社会的尊重。in society“在社会上”，是固定短语，根据句意，故填in。
71．考查主语从句。句意：据证明，日常生活中的小改变，比如每天在同一时间睡觉和起床，吃健康的食物，锻炼和设定目标，都有助于实现自律。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，it是形式主语，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that引导主语从句，故填that。
72．to celebrate 73．is held 74．which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了联合国的语言日。联合国汉语日是在每年的4月20日。
72．考查非谓语动词。句意：联合国的语言日旨在庆祝文化多样性，促进官方语言的平等使用。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：seek to do sth意为“企图、试图干某事”。故填to celebrate。
73．考查主谓一致和语态。句意：汉语是联合国选定的六种官方语言之一，每年的4月20日为“联合国汉语日”。分析句子结构可知，本句是and连接的并列句，后句缺少谓语动词，所以hold做本句谓语，和主语UN Chinese Language Day之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，根据标志词every year可知，应该用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故填is held。
74．考查定语从句关系词。句意：这一天选自谷雨，是24节气中的第6个节气。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，现行词是Guyu，指物，应该用which引导。故填which。
75．won 76．called 77．fully
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了莎伦·布朗于2021年获得了女性创新奖。
75．考查动词时态。句意：莎伦·布朗于2021年获得了女性创新奖，因为她开发了一种血液测试，可以帮助更快、更准确地识别癌症。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以win做本句谓语，和主语Sharon Brown之间是主动关系，根据时间状语in 2021可知应该用一般过去时。故填won。
76．考查非谓语动词。句意：该奖项是由一个名为Innovate UK的组织为庆祝国际妇女节而颁发的。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语was given，所以call应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是organisation，两者间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填called。
77．考查副词。句意：该奖项旨在支持杰出女性充分实现自己的愿景，并在未来改变世界。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词achieve，所以应该用副词作状语，full的副词形式是fully。故填fully。2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编
阅读表达
一、阅读表达
（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Ghanim Al-Muftah, 2022 Qatar World Cup Ambassador(大使), was born on May 5, 2002, with a rare condition known as Caudal Regression Syndrome, which causes its patients to be born without the lower half of the body.
Naturally, one would expect him to use a wheelchair, but he insists on moving around on his hands because he believes that he should make use of everything with which he is blessed rather than focus on what he doesn’t have.
While Ghanim was growing up, he found it difficult to attend school initially because his classmates played jokes on him. Nevertheless, his mom encouraged him to speak to these classmates, teach them about his condition, and raise awareness for the community. Ghanim has gone further at accepting his condition.
Ghanim has overcome all kinds of difficulties in his life, yet, there is still one issue Ghanim must continually deal with-many medical treatments and surgery. Despite these routine medical treatments, he knows that with faith, commitment and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions. Ghanim refused to let his condition stop his thirst for life and took on various sports-tackling everything from scuba diving, rock climbing to skateboarding. It is this exemplary take and attitudes towards life that have earned him the love, respect, and admiration of millions of people in Qatar and across the globe.
Currently in university studying political science, Al Muftah hopes to become a diplomat one day. He is also a major social media star, with millions of followers on social media. And he spoke about his future ambitions on the university’s website, saying, “I hope to help raise public awareness on disability rights; foster respect for disabled persons and through the process promote more inclusive and tolerant societies.”
1．Why does Ghanim insist on walking with his hands instead of using a wheelchair
2．What problem does Ghanim have to handle continually
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions through taking on a range of sports and speaking out on social media.
4．While Ghanim has earned respect of people across the globe, how do you earn respect of people around you (In about 40 words)
（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Building relationships and working successfully with different cultural backgrounds can seem like a major challenge. But you can enjoy the rewards, while keeping dissatisfaction to a minimum. The key to making them work is cultural competence. Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures.
Cultural competence is critical for everyone in today’s modern world. Living and working in a culturally diverse environment sometimes comes with differences of opinion and tension. People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other.
Cultural competence can be improved through training, education, and experience. Here are some simple tips to help you improve your cultural competence.
Assess yourself
The starting point is to understand your own cultural values and world view. Assess the current level of cultural competence in yourself and identify the knowledge, skills and resources that you want to acquire. This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future.
Practice good manners
No matter whom you are dealing with, make sure that you are respecting others’ backgrounds, boundaries and customs. Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way.
Ask questions
When you don’t understand something or want to know why someone has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questions stops you making unnecessary assumptions, and shows the questions you did not understand to them.
Keep in mind that developing cultural competence is not a one-shot enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether you are in a classroom or on campus, cultural competence plays an important role in your daily environment. Recognizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting for everyone.
5．What is cultural competence according to the passage
6．Why is cultural competence important for people in intercultural environment
7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way.
8．Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can you think of to develop your cultural competence (In about 40 words)
（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The Grand Canal is a vast waterway system in China, running from Beijing in the north to Zhejiang province in the south. It stretches for nearly 3,200 kilometers and passes through eight of the country’s provinces and municipalities.
Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, the canal is the longest and oldest artificial river in the world. It has played an important role in ensuring China’s economic prosperity and stability, and is in use today as a major means of transportation.
The Beijing section of the Grand Canal is 82 km long. Along it, cultural relics and sites on both banks are important symbols of culture and are considered a top priority for protection by the local government.
The city government has unveiled two development plans: the first is an implementation plan for the protection, inheritance and utilization of the canal’s cultural values; the second is a construction plan for building a Grand Canal-themed national cultural park.
The plan sets up three implementation milestones in the next five years. In 2020, efforts have been made to lay a firm foundation for the construction of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park, with the Tongzhou section of the canal open to navigation and a management mechanism of the park established. By 2023, significant progress is expected to be made in coordinating the protection and utilization of cultural resources along the canal, with the national cultural park basically set up. By 2025, the park will become a new cultural landmark in Beijing. The Grand Canal, with its cultural resources put under protection and ecological conservation along its banks significantly improved, will embrace improved cultural and tourism development. Cities along the canal by then will welcome further coordinated or integrated development.
The Beijing section of the Grand Canal, a valued asset for the capital, is marked out as a river boasting rich cultural resources, ecological value, social benefits and economic potential. The capital is set to roll out more measures to bring out the best in the canal.
9．According to the passage, what roles has the Grand Canal played
10．What does the Beijing government consider a top priority for protection along the Grand Canal
11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
With its protected cultural resources and improved ecological conservation along its banks, the Grand Canal will embrace improved cultural and industrial development.
12．There are many UNESCO World Heritage sites in China. What can we do to protect them (In about 40 words)
（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Before ending upon a supermarket shelf, an avocado(牛油果) has produced 1.3 kilograms of carbon into the atmosphere. Its production alone consumes 60 gallons of water. Despite this, the fruit will often be thrown away as household waste.
Household food waste is the result of mismanagement. Much of the waste is avoidable and the food may have been eaten had it been better managed. To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers decide to remove date labelling(标签), such as the “use-by” or “best-before” date, from some fresh food items.
Past studies have confirmed the importance of date labelling. Almost 60% of western European consumers surveyed said they “always” check date labels while purchasing. But date labelling has long come under criticism because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making. Indeed, consumers commonly don’t accept edible(可食用的), but date-expired(过期的) food.
The removal of date labelling is therefore a promising start. Without date labels, information that may affect consumers’ understanding of what is edible, is removed. Instead, consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items.
In the case of an avocado, the advice given to consumers is that when ripe, it should have a “pleasant and slightly sweet aroma(气味)”, while the skin should be “dark green or brown”. Information is also provided on how an avocado should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to an expiration date.
13．What do food retailers decide to do to reduce household food waste
14．Why has date labelling long been criticized
15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food.
16．Once date labels are removed from some fresh food items, what problem(s) might be caused (In about 40 words)
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Engaging in meaningful conversations with others strengthens social bonds and boosts well—being far more than small talk does. Yet many people fear or even actively avoid intimate (亲密的) conversations, especially with those they don’t know well. Why are we so unwilling to engage in an activity that could benefit us so acutely According to new research, it may be due to miscalculated expectations, and changing them could foster deeper connections.
In a series of studies published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, participants either engaged in “shallow” conversations (speaking, for example, about their sleep schedule or how often they get haircuts) or “deep” discussions (covering embarrassing moments or what they’re grateful for). Before chatting, they predicted how awkward and uncomfortable the conversation would be, how close they would feel to their conversation partner afterward, and how much they would enjoy the interaction. Participants who consistently overestimated the awkwardness of the conversations also greatly underestimated how much they’d enjoy the more intimate conversations, as well as how close they’d feel to their partner.
The noticeable difference between participants’ expectations and their actual experience seemed rooted in the assumption that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives. “We underestimate, essentially, how social others are,” explains study author Nicholas Epley, a psychologist at the University of Chicago.
Such an assumption could be a barrier to forming deeper connections with others, Epley believes. Yet participants appeared able to course-correct. When they were told ahead of time that it’s common to underestimate how much strangers care about each other, they voluntarily steered the talks into deeper directions, potentially reaping the benefits of doing so.
A single reminder likely isn’t enough to permanently change miscalculated assumptions, Epley warns. But making the effort to engage in just a few positive interactions could help someone mentally reset. “After having a meaningful conversation, people usually want to have another one,” he says. “But you can learn only from experiences that you have,” he adds. “If you think it will be unpleasant to talk to someone and therefore never try, you’ll never find out that you were wrong.”
17．Why are people unwilling to get involved in intimate conversations
18．What could stop people forming deeper connections with others
19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
A single reminder can permanently change our assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset.
20．Do you prefer to have a “shallow” conversation or a “deep” discussion with strangers And give your reasons. (In about 40 words)
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The other day I was having coffee and catching up with Brian, a friend I hadn’t seen in over a year, when he asked me this question: “Do you regret leaving Google ” “Of course, I don’t regret it,” I answered. But when I reflected more deeply on his question, I arrived at this realization: We cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life.
Truth is, not every decision we make will be the right choice for us. I learned later that quitting my one and only source of income to start an e-commerce business from nothing was a recipe for financial disaster. No, that decision was not the right one at the time. Perhaps I should’ve followed the advice I give today: Build your business while working a full-time job so that you can work from a place of stability. But then again, I wouldn’t have learned such a valuable lesson had I not acted upon what was truly important to me at the time—the freedom of pursuing my own dream, on my own terms.
We regret what’s in the past and can’t be changed. We compare the choices we made yesterday to an ideal path that we think we should have taken—we simply imagine it to be a better path. What is worse is when stuck in regret, we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today.
There’s a much better way to look at regret—a more mindful way—and it can be seen at a place where action, reflection, and gratitude meet.
So whenever you find yourself caught in regret, stop and ask yourself these two questions: “What have I learned from this And how have I grown because of it ” Perhaps you might just shift your viewpoint from that of being upset and regretful to being appreciative and grateful.
21．What did Brian’s question make the writer realize
22．List the two words the author uses to describe the viewpoint people should take when facing regret.
23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed.
24．What has been your biggest regret during your high school life What have you learned from this (In about 40 words)
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Crystal breathed in the sweet January air. It was a cold, sunny day. Sunlight shone between the branches and fell onto the street.
It was so quiet, this neighborhood. Wandering down the road at a leisurely pace, Crystal noticed an open curtain in the window of one neighbor. They were busily typing on their home network. Remote workers, obviously.
Crystal’s glance shifted to a kid who had just come home from school. He looked down to the cell phone in his hand.
“Hey，kid!” Crystal waved.
The boy didn’t raise head, some game keeping his attention.
Crystal sighed and closed her eyes. It took her back to when she was a little girl back in the late 1980s. Neighbors knew each other by name then. Crystal’s best friend Anne was the next door neighbor. They often played for hours using imaginary names for far-off places, pretending to be or do something they hoped someday they could be or do.
Nowadays, to pretend to be somewhere else, you could just click on some random program for a virtual reality video of Italy or Australia, and your wish was instantly satisfied. You could do that alone. And if you needed a person to chat with, you could pick a random person in your interest group online.
“You don’t need neighbors anymore,” Crystal commented to herself.
And yet, there is so much that can be missed for the simpler times. Those who grow up not knowing the invisible person-to-person simplicity of being a good neighbor, have missed an entire piece in their maturity. It’s not about personal space. It’s about being there for another person. How could a metal chip replace a life Crystal could never understand.
As she turned onto her home sidewalk, she noticed a little girl about 5 years old looking confused and afraid. There was no coat on her thin arms. Must be some neighbor’s girl. Crystal was very concerned. W here were her parents
“Are you alright, honey ” Crystal asked.
25．Why did the boy give no response to Crystal
26．What did Crystal do with her next door neighbor in her childhood
27．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Crystal believed that technology advanced and the relationship with neighbors mattered less than before.
28．What do you think the relationship between neighbors should be like nowadays (In about 40 words)
参考答案
1．Because he believes that he should make use of what he is blessed with instead of what he lacks. 2．Many medical treatments and surgery. 3．Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions through taking on a range of sports and speaking out on social media. Because Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions with faith, commitment and hard work./ Ghanim knows that with faith, commitment and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions. 4．Honest with others, never telling lies , knowing how to care for others and be modest to others are important. As long as we abide by the above mentioned, we will find it easy to be respected by others.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是2022年卡塔尔世界杯形象大使Ghanim Al-Muftah的个人故事。
1．考查细节理解题。根据第二段中“Naturally, one would expect him to use a wheelchair, but he insists on moving around on his hands because he believes that he should make use of everything with which he is blessed rather than focus on what he doesn’t have.(自然地，人们会认为他使用轮椅，但他坚持用手走动，因为他认为他应该利用他有幸拥有的一切，而不是专注于他没有的东西。)”可知，他之所以坚持用手走动，是因为他认为他应该利用他所拥有的一切，而不是专注于他没有的东西。故答案为Because he believes that he should make use of what he is blessed with instead of what he lacks。
2．考查细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ghanim has overcome all kinds of difficulties in his life, yet, there is still one issue Ghanim must continually deal with-many medical treatments and surgery. (Ghanim已经克服了生活中的各种困难，但仍有一个问题是Ghanim必须不断面对的——多次治疗和手术。)”可知，Ghanim必须不断面对多次的治疗和手术。故答案为Many medical treatments and surgery。
3．考查细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Despite these routine medical treatments, he knows that with faith, commitment and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions. (尽管有这些常规的医疗治疗，他知道只要有信念、承诺和努力工作，他就可以自由地实现他的雄心壮志。)”可知，题干中“Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions through taking on a range of sports and speaking out on social media.( Ghanim相信，他将通过参与一系列运动并在社交媒体上发表言论来实现自己的雄心。)”中的“他将通过参与一系列运动并在社交媒体上发表言论来实现自己的雄心”为错误部分，他认为只要有信念、承诺和努力工作，他就可以自由地实现他的雄心壮志。原文要求对错误句子进行下划线标注，故答案为Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions through taking on a range of sports and speaking out on social media. Because Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions with faith, commitment and hard work. / Ghanim knows that with faith, commitment and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions。
4．开放式题目考查。根据题干要求“While Ghanim has earned respect of people across the globe, how do you earn respect of people around you ( Ghanim赢得了全世界人民的尊重，你如何赢得周围人的尊重呢？)”可知，题干根据实际要求回答如何赢得周围人的尊敬，回答合理即可。在日常生活中，获得他人尊重需要做到诚实、谦虚和体贴他人。故参考答案为：Honest with others, never telling lies , knowing how to care for others and be modest to others are important. As long as we abide by the above mentioned, we will find it easy to be respected by others。
5．It is the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. 6．Because people can resolve issues creatively and build trust between each other. 7．To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. Because according to the passage, we have to make sure that we’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way.
8．To develop cultural competence, we should learn about different cultures by reading relevant books and searching for information online to equip ourselves with knowledge. It is advisable to join an intercultural communication workshop to interact with people from diverse backgrounds to improve our intercultural communication skills.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍是什么是“文化能力”，它的重要性，以及提高这种能力的方法。
5．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures.(从本质上讲，文化能力被定义为理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力)”可知，文化能力是理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力。故答案为：It is the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures.
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other.(具有强大文化能力的人可以创造性地解决这些问题，即使一开始似乎不可能解决。更重要的是，思考和关心有不同经历的人可以带来一种理解感。这有助于在彼此之间建立信任)”可知，在跨文化环境中文化能力对人们来说很重要是因为，有了它人们可以创造性地解决问题，并建立彼此之间的信任。故答案为：Because people can resolve issues creatively and build trust between each other.
7．考查细节理解。根据Assess yourself部分的“This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future.(这可以让你对自己在该领域的优势和劣势有一个大致的了解，这样你就可以在未来提高自己)”和Practice good manners部分的“Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way.(密切关注你的交流，确保你以一种友好和礼貌的方式与他人交谈)”可知，为了提高我们的文化能力，我们应该了解我们在这方面的优势和劣势，当我们不理解他人的行为时，我们应该礼貌地提出问题。因此错误部分是“even if we may speak in an impolite way”，因为根据原文所述，我们应该确保以友好和礼貌的方式与他人交流。故答案为：To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. Because according to the passage, we have to make sure that we’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way.
8．开放性问题。结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：为了培养文化能力，我们应该通过阅读相关书籍和在线搜索信息来了解不同的文化，从而获得知识。建议参加跨文化交流研讨会，与来自不同背景的人互动，以提高我们的跨文化交流技能。故答案为：To develop cultural competence, we should learn about different cultures by reading relevant books and searching for information online to equip ourselves with knowledge. It is advisable to join an intercultural communication workshop to interact with people from diverse backgrounds to improve our intercultural communication skills.
9．The Grand Canal has played an important role in ensuring China’s economic prosperity and stability. 10．Cultural relics and sites on both banks are considered a top priority for protection by the local government. 11．The part “the Grand Canal will embrace improved cultural and industrial development.” is wrong. According to the content of the development plan, The Grand Canal, with its cultural resources put under protection and ecological conservation along its banks significantly improved, will embrace improved cultural and tourism development. 12．To protect UNESCO World Heritage sites , we can not only use the news media to arouse people’s awareness of preservation but also enforce laws to intensify the protection. Besides, the school should implant the education of protecting cultural heritages.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了京杭大运河在国内外的重要地位以及北京政府对于京杭大运河北京段未来的两个发展计划。
9．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“It has played an important role in ensuring China’s economic prosperity and stability, and is in use today as a major means of transportation.（它在确保中国经济繁荣稳定方面起到了重要的作用并在今天被用作主要的交通手段。）”可知，京杭大运河在确保中国经济繁荣稳定方面起到了重要的作用，故答案为The Grand Canal has played an important role in ensuring China’s economic prosperity and stability.
10．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Along it, cultural relics and sites on both banks are important symbols of culture and are considered a top priority for protection by the local government.（沿河两岸的文物和遗迹是文化重要的标志并且被当地政府视为保护的重中之重。）”可知，当地政府视为保护的重中之重的部分是京杭大运河两岸的文物和遗迹，故答案为Cultural relics and sites on both banks are considered a top priority for protection by the local government.
11．考查推理判断。根据第五段“The Grand Canal, with its cultural resources put under protection and ecological conservation along its banks significantly improved, will embrace improved cultural and tourism development.（随着沿河两岸的文化资源保护和生态保护有了显著的改善，京杭大运河将会拥有文化和旅游业发展的改善。）”可知，京杭大运河将会拥有文化和旅游业的改善，推断出划线部分中工业得到改善是错误的。故答案为The part “the Grand Canal will embrace improved cultural and industrial development.” is wrong. According to the content of the development plan, The Grand Canal, with its cultural resources put under protection and ecological conservation along its banks significantly improved, will embrace improved cultural and tourism development.
12．开放性试题。题目要求写出对于世界文化遗产的保护措施，可以从利用媒体唤起人们的保护意识，利用法律约束和学校教育三个方面入手，故答案为To protect UNESCO World Heritage sites , we can not only use the news media to arouse people’s awareness of preservation but also enforce laws to intensify the protection. Besides, the school should implant the education of protecting cultural heritages.
13．Food retailers decide to remove date labelling. 14．Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making. 15．If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food.
Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. So if consumers can be better informed, they will be likely to accept edible, but date-expired food. 16．Removing date labels from some fresh food items can prevent consumers from knowing the edible information of the food.Without date labels, consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items.
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了为了减少家庭食品浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定取消一些新鲜食品的日期标签，例如“使用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。尽管人们在购买食品时，大部分人会查看日期标签，但是日期标签有时候却对人有误导作用而造成浪费。在施行取消标签后，人们可以通过“望闻”的方法判断食物。
13．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容“To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers decide to remove date labelling, such as the ‘use-by’ or ‘best-before’ date, from some fresh food items.(为了减少家庭食物浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定从一些新鲜食品上去掉日期标签，比如“截止食用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。)”可知，食品零售商决定去掉一些新鲜食品上的日期标签以减少浪费。故答案为：Food retailers decide to remove date labelling.
14．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段内容“But date labelling has long come under criticism because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.(但日期标签长期以来一直受到批评，因为未能真正理解日期标签往往会导致不合理的决策。)”可知，日期标签长期受到批评是因为日期标签未能得到真正理解而导致不合理的购买决策。故答案为：Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.
15．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段内容“Information is also provided on how an avocado should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to an expiration date. (还提供了牛油果“过熟”时的外观、味道和感觉的信息。人们希望，一个更了解情况的消费者不太可能因为过期而盲目扔掉食物。)”可知，“If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food.(如果消费者能更明智，他们不会接受可食用的，但过期的食品。)”中“they will not accept edible, but date-expired food”是错误的，如果消费者对食物信息更了解一些，那么就有可能接受可食用但过期的食品。故答案为：If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food. Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. So if consumers can be better informed, they will be likely to accept edible, but date-expired food.
16．本题为开放性试题，要求考生结合文章根据自己的见解进行作答，言之有理即可。供参考：根据文章第四段“
Without date labels, information that may affect consumers' understanding of what is edible, is removed.
（如果没有日期标签，可能会影响消费者了解什么是可食用的的信息被删除。）”可知，没有日期标签，消费者可能无法了解
该食品的可食用信息。故答案为Removing date labels from some fresh food items can prevent consumers from k
nowing the edible information of the food.Without date labels, consumers are encouraged to sense-check f
resh food items.
17．It may be due to miscalculated expectations./ Because of miscalculated expectations. / Because people have miscalculated expectations. 18．It is the assumptions that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives. 19．A single reminder can permanently change our assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset.
According to the passage, a single reminder isn’t enough to permanently change miscalculated assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset. 20．I prefer to have a shallow conversation because there is social etiquette that we need to observe in order not to make others feel offended. Besides, people differ in personalities so it is polite and considerate to respect their boundaries and avoid information they might view as privacy. (48 words)
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了生活中人们更易于“浅谈”而不是“深入交谈”的原因。
17．考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“According to new research, it may be due to miscalculated expectations, and changing them could foster deeper connections.”（根据新的研究，这可能是由于错误的预期，改变他们可以培养更深的联系。）可知，人们害怕或避免亲密的交谈的原因是由于错误的预期。故答案为：It may be due to miscalculated expectations./ Because of miscalculated expectations. / Because people have miscalculated expectations.
18．考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“The noticeable difference between participants’ expectations and their actual experience seemed rooted in the assumption that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives. ”（参与者的期望和他们的实际经历之间的显著差异似乎植根于这样一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。）第四段第一句“Such an assumption could be a barrier to forming deeper connections with others, Epley believes. ”（Epley 认为，这样的假设可能会成为与他人建立更深层次联系的障碍。）可知，阻碍人们与他人建立更深层次联系在于参与者交谈之前的一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。故答案为：It is the assumptions that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives.
19．考查推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“A single reminder likely isn’t enough to permanently change miscalculated assumptions, Epley warns. But making the effort to engage in just a few positive interactions could help someone mentally reset. ”（Epley 警告说，仅仅一个提醒可能不足以永久改变错误的假设。但是，努力参与一些积极的互动可以帮助人们在精神上重置。）可知，仅仅一个提醒可能不足以永久改变错误的假设。所以给出句子中“A single reminder can permanently change our assumptions”（一个简单的提醒就可以永久地改变我们的假设）与文意不符，故答案为：A single reminder can permanently change our assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset. According to the passage, a single reminder isn’t enough to permanently change miscalculated assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset.
20．开放题，言之有理即可。根据文章第二段中“In a series of studies published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, participants either engaged in “shallow” conversations (speaking, for example, about their sleep schedule or how often they get haircuts) or “deep” discussions (covering embarrassing moments or what they’re grateful for). ”（在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上发表的一系列研究中，参与者要么进行“浅谈”的谈话(例如，谈论他们的睡眠时间表或者他们多久剪一次头发) ，要么进行“深入”的讨论(讨论尴尬的时刻或者他们感激的事情)。）第三段第一句“The noticeable difference between participants’ expectations and their actual experience seemed rooted in the assumption that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives. ”（参与者的期望和他们的实际经历之间的显著差异似乎植根于这样一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。）第四段第一句“Such an assumption could be a barrier to forming deeper connections with others, Epley believes. ”（Epley 认为，这样的假设可能会成为与他人建立更深层次联系的障碍。）可知，在交谈前，人们都会做一个假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节，这个假设的建立会阻碍我们进行深入的交谈。说明“浅谈”不会涉及一个人的生活细节等隐私问题，所以我更喜欢浅显易懂的谈话，因为我们需要遵守社交礼仪，这样才不会让别人觉得被冒犯了。此外，人们的性格不同，所以尊重他们的界限，避免他们可能视为隐私的信息是礼貌和体贴的。故答案为：I prefer to have a shallow conversation because there is social etiquette that we need to observe in order not to make others feel offended. Besides, people differ in personalities so it is polite and considerate to respect their boundaries and avoid information they might view as privacy. (48 words)
21．Brian’s question makes the writer realize that we cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life. 22．Appreciative and grateful 23．When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed.
Reason: When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today. 24．The biggest regret during my high school life is that I did not study hard and treasure the valuable time and could not be admitted to my ideal university. I realized the problem in my college, so I worked hard on my major and have made some achievements in my major finally. So I accept my regret and learn something from it and consider the regret as a valuable experience.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文通过作者的自身经历表达了我们不应该为所做的决定后悔和遗憾，应从沮丧和遗憾转变为感激和感激。
21．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“But when I reflected more deeply on his question, I arrived at this realization: We cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life. (但当我更深入地思考他的问题时，我意识到：我们不能后悔那些在生活中教会了我们宝贵教训的事情。)”可知，朋友的问题使我意识到我们不能后悔那些在生活中教会了我们宝贵教训的事情。故答案为Brian’s question make the writer realize that we cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life。
22．考查细节理解。根据文章最后一句“So whenever you find yourself caught in regret, stop and ask yourself these two questions: “What have I learned from this And how have I grown because of it ” Perhaps you might just shift your viewpoint from that of being upset and regretful to being appreciative and grateful. ( 所以，当你发现自己陷入后悔之中时，停下来问问自己这两个问题：“我从这件事中学到了什么？我是如何因此而成长的呢？”也许你可以把你的观点从沮丧和遗憾转变为感激和感激。)”可知作者用来描述人们在面对后悔时应该采取的观点的两个词是appreciative和grateful。故答案为Appreciative and grateful。
23．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“What is worse is when stuck in regret, we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today.(更糟糕的是，当陷入后悔之中时，我们会失去对最重要的事情的控制：我们今天如何利用我们的时间。) ”可知“When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed. (当人们陷入悔恨时，更糟糕的是过去的选择无法改变。)”这句话是错误的，当人们陷入悔恨时，更糟糕的不是过去的选择无法改变。而是我们会失去对最重要的事情的控制：我们今天如何利用我们的时间。故答案为When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed. Reason: When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today.
24．开放性试题，言之有理即可。这篇文章表达了我们不应该为所做的决定后悔和遗憾，应从沮丧和遗憾转变为感激和感激。我们人生当中都有后悔的事情，关键是我们面对后悔和遗憾的态度。故答案可为The biggest regret during my high school life is that I did not study hard and treasure the valuable time and could not be admitted to my ideal university. I realized the problem in my college, so I worked hard on my major and have made some achievements in my major finally. So I accept my regret and learn something from it and consider the regret as a valuable experience.
25．Because he was playing games. 26．They often played together. 27．Crystal believed that technology advanced and the relationship with neighbors mattered less than before. Crystal believed that technology advanced and the relationship with neighbors as important as before. 28．In my opinion,despite technological advances, neighborhoods should be closer, they should help each other, and they should get together more often.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了Crystal所看到的邻里关系变得冷漠了，科技的进步使得人们都在忙于自己的“网络世界”。Crystal认为，随着科技的进步，与邻居的关系也一如既往地重要。
25．考查细节理解题。根据第六段“The boy didn’t raise head, some game keeping his attention.”（男孩没有抬起头，游戏让他保持注意力）可知，为什么男孩对Crystal没有反应的原因是他在玩游戏。故回答为：Because he was playing games.
26．考查细节理解题。根据第七段“They often played for hours using imaginary names for far-off places, pretending to be or do something they hoped someday they could be or do.”（他们经常玩上几个小时，用想象中的名字描述遥远的地方，假装自己是或做一些希望有一天能成为或做的事情）可知，Crystal经常和隔壁的邻居玩上几个小时，用想象中的名字描述遥远的地方，假装自己是或做一些希望有一天能成为或做的事情。故回答为：They often played together.
27．考查推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Those who grow up not knowing the invisible person-to-person simplicity of being a good neighbor, have missed an entire piece in their maturity. It’s not about personal space. It’s about being there for another person. How could a metal chip replace a life Crystal could never understand.”（那些在成长过程中不知道做一个好邻居这种看不见的人与人之间的简单关系的人，已经错过了他们成熟的整个过程。这不是私人空间的问题。而是陪在另一个人身边。金属芯片怎么能取代生活呢？Crystal 永远不明白）可知，Crystal认为，随着科技的进步，与邻居的关系也一如既往地重要。故回答为：Crystal believed that technology advanced and the relationship with neighbors as important as before.
28．开放性试题。你认为现在的邻里关系应该是怎样的？In my opinion,despite technological advances, neighborhoods should be closer, they should help each other, and they should get together more often.2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编
阅读理解D篇
一、阅读理解
（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）Clothes were once used until they fell apart-repaired and sewed to be re-used, ending their lives as dishcloths. Not today. Clothing, footwear and upholstered furniture are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions, which are themselves soon abandoned and replaced.
‘Fast fashion’ is so called partly because the fashion industry now releases new lines every week, when historically this happened four times a year. Today, fashion brands(品牌)produce almost twice the amount of clothing that they did in 2000. But incredibly, more than 50 billion clothes are deserted within a year of being made.
The trend is having an astonishing environmental impact. Take water. The fashion industry, one of the world’s largest users of water, consumes anywhere from 20 trillion to 200 trillion litres every year. Besides, plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester(聚酯纤维)and other polymer-based textiles(纺织物), and make up between 20% and 35% of the microplastics choking the oceans. Added to this are specific chemicals used to make fabrics dirt resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.
Change is badly needed, but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of what is known as the circular economy. That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing(制造)processes, especially recycling. There is work to be done for researchers on improving and expanding textiles recycling. Most used textiles go to landfill(废物填埋场), in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. Different fibres are not easy to identify by eye, and overall such manual processes are time-consuming. Machinery is being developed that can help. Technologies also exist to recycle used fibres chemically and to create high-quality fibres that can be reused in clothing. But these are nowhere near the scale(规模)needed. Another challenge for researchers is to work out how to get consumers and manufacturers to change their behaviour.
Small steps are good, but big changes are needed. The shameful environmental cost of a new cupboard needs to be tackled immediately, at scale, with style.
1．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A．Clothes should be used until they fall apart.
B．Fashion brands are replaced with new ones frequently.
C．Fast fashion leads to a significant increase in fashion waste.
D．Fashion brands produce twice more clothing than necessary.
2．According to the author, what does the circular economy focus on
A．Improving the production of natural textiles.
B．Studying how fast fashion affects the environment.
C．Releasing new lines four times a year instead of every week.
D．Making durable things and expanding the technologies for recycling.
3．What can you infer from the passage
A．Consumers are fond of chemically recycled fibres.
B．Systems that collect, recycle and reuse are insufficient.
C．Manual separation of fibres is preferred by manufacturers.
D．Environment damage is mainly caused by using chemicals.
4．What does the author think of the future of fashion industry
A．Big changes are needed to follow fashion styles.
B．Huge steps should be taken for the needs of consumers.
C．More should be done to deal with the heavy environmental cost.
D．Consumers and manufacturers will change their behaviour immediately.
（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）A few years ago, the City Council of Monza, Italy, barred pet owners from keeping goldfish in curved fishbowls. The sponsors of the measure explained that it is cruel to keep a fish in such a bowl because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality. Aside from the measure’s significance to the poor goldfish, the story raises an interesting philosophical question: How do we know that the reality we perceive is true
Physicists are finding themselves in a similar trouble to the goldfish’s. For decades they have been pursuing an ultimate theory of everything—one complete and consistent set of fundamental laws of nature that explain every aspect of reality. It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. This concept may be difficult for many people to accept. Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey (传达) information about the material world. In philosophy, that belief is called realism.
In physics, realism is becoming difficult to defend. Instead, the idea of alternative realities is a mainstay of today’s popular culture. For example, in the science-fiction film The Matrix the human race is unknowingly living in a simulated (模拟的) virtual reality created by intelligent computers. How do we know we are not just computer-generated characters living in a Matrix-like world If—like us—the beings in the simulated world could not observe their universe from the outside, they would have no reason to doubt their own pictures of reality.
Similarly, the goldfish’s view is not the same as ours from outside their curved bowl. For instance, because light bends as it travels from air to water, a freely moving object that we would observe to move in a straight line would be observed by the goldfish to move along a curved path. The goldfish could form scientific laws from their frame (框架) of reference that would always hold true and that would enable them to make predictions about the future motion of objects outside the bowl. If the goldfish formed such a theory, we would have to admit the goldfish’s view as a reasonable picture of reality.
The goldfish example shows that the same physical situation can be modeled in different ways, each employing different fundamental elements and concepts. It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations. It is not the physicist’s traditional expectation for a theory of nature, nor does it correspond to our everyday idea of reality. But it might be the way of the universe.
5．What does the underlined word “distorted” in Paragraph most probably mean
A．Original. B．Accurate. C．Distant. D．False.
6．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us
A．The need for a complete theory. B．The lasting conflict in physics.
C．The existence of the material world. D．The conventional insight of reality.
7．What can we learn from the passage
A．Nature’s mysteries are best left undiscovered.
B．An external world is independent of the observers.
C．People’s theories are influenced by their viewpoints.
D．It is essential to figure out which picture of reality is better.
8．According to the passage, the author may agree that ________.
A．various interpretations of the universe are welcomed
B．physicists have a favorite candidate for the final theory
C．multiple realities can be pieced together to show the real world
D．there is still possibility to unify different theories into a single one
（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）As information technology has improved, the medical industry’s ability to treat patients has increased significantly. Over the past decade, doctors and healthcare professionals have seen the rise of telemedicine. In the most basic terms, telemedicine refers to the capability of patients to consult with doctors using remote conferencing technology—that is, without the need for an in-person visit.
In conventional medicine, patients and doctors rarely discuss the details of a patient’s problem or specific treatments over the telephone. These discussions were almost always kept within the privacy of a hospital or a doctor’s office. The cost of healthcare in some countries is astronomically expensive. Millions of people worldwide cannot receive proper healthcare services because of the cost of the treatment. However, with high-speed internet video conferencing and online file-sharing technology, access to healthcare has become much more convenient and affordable because healthcare is provided from the patient’s home, and transportation and transfer expenses are eliminated (消除). An article written by the American Journal of Managed Care indicates that on average virtual appointments cost between $ 40 to $ 50, while in- person visits cost a whopping (巨大的) $ 179 on average. This makes telemedicine a more cost-effective option.
In addition to the positive economic benefits, for elderly patients, or those with mobility issues, telemedicine is a game changer. Health care is also no longer limited by the open hours at the local doctor’s office. With the globally connected internet, patients can contact a doctor anytime. They could as easily seek second opinions from doctors in other parts of the country or on the other side of the world, for that matter. What’s more, telemedicine reduces the risks of transmitting infectious diseases, In the past, people with symptoms such as flu, measles, etc., visited hospitals. As those diseases are contagious, other visitors and workers are at risk of being exposed to those diseases. This is where telemedicine can step in to prevent contagious diseases from spreading. Even better, telemedicine lowers the number of patients in hospitals, which frees up staff and resources for patients in urgent need.
For a glimpse of the future of telemedicine, consider the internet hospitals that have emerged in recent years, which offer medical consultations to users of online platforms. With the help of internet hospitals, users can schedule an appointment and have a high-quality video conference with a qualified and professional physician. Moreover, doctors can even prescribe and have medication online and have them shipped to the patients using express. Less than two decades ago, such convenient access to health care would have seemed unimaginable. However, it does have limitations, such as collecting fresh samples for medical tests and X-rays. While telemedicine can’t change the current health care overnight, it will be a part of the modem medical system.
9．What are Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The cost of the healthcare. B．The advantages of telemedicine.
C．The privacy issue of the patients. D．The prevention of the contagious diseases.
10．According to the passage, with telemedicine, patients .
A．pay the healthcare expense easily online
B．get access to different kinds of medical tests
C．have the risk of being affected by the diseases
D．get professional suggestions from doctors at home and abroad
11．What can you learn from the passage
A．Internet hospitals will replace conventional hospitals in the future.
B．Telemedicine’s existing problems are greater than the potential benefits.
C．Doctors find telemedicine helpful for collecting fresh medical test samples.
D．Telemedicine makes the medical service available from the comfort of home.
（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）Of all the weird and wonderful creatures living under the sea, perhaps the strangest are jellyfish—those rubbery, cone-shaped creatures found floating in the water, their long tentacles trailing behind.
Some jellyfish species have a bad reputation for scaring away tourists, clogging up fishing nets, and even blocking power station pipes. But with more and more plastic rubbish ending up in the sea, these days you’re as likely to swim into a plastic bag as a jellyfish. Now scientific research is discovering that these rubbery sea creatures might provide an answer—a sticky solution to the problem of plastic pollution.
In recent years, tiny pieces of plastic called microplastic have been a significant problem for the world’s seas and oceans. These plastics are not visible to the eye and aren’t caught by seawater treatment plants due to their small size, so they enter our system and harm our health. They’ve been found in many places—in Arctic ice, at the bottom of the sea and even inside animals. Slovenian scientist, Dr Ana Rotter, heads GoJelly, a European research team of jellyfish ecologists looking into the problem.
Microplastics, plastics in general, are becoming an increasing problem. Dr Ana Rotter says when she was a child, people were more environmentally friendly—not harmful to the environment or having the least possible impact on it. At that time, there were very few single-use plastics—plastic items, like spoons and forks, designed to be used just once, then thrown away. The situation since then has changed dramatically. In fact, there’s been such an increase in microplastics that today the UN lists plastic pollution as one of the world’s top environmental threats.
But how do jellyfish fit into the story Well, it’s the ‘jelly’ part of jellyfish, and specifically their sticky, jelly-like mucus that is key. Jellyfish produce a thick, sticky liquid called mucus. Dr Ana Rotter has discovered that this mucus has strong absorptive capabilities—it can absorb, take in liquids and other substances. One of the substances jellyfish mucus absorbs are the particles that make up microplastics.
Dr Rotter’s research is still in the early stages, but it’s hoped that jellyfish mucus could hold the key to a future free of microplastic polluted oceans. Scientists are hoping that the mucus’s absorptive properties—its abilities to absorb liquids and other substances and hold them, will allow it to trap particles of plastic floating in the sea. By trapping these, the mucus acts like a magnet—an object that attracts certain materials, like metal, but in this case, microplastic waste.
12．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about ________.
A．where microplastics can be found
B．why microplastics can harm our health
C．what problems the seas and oceans are facing
D．how the research was carried out by the scientist
13．What can we learn from this passage
A．Jellyfish species cause a great threat to the sea.
B．Jellyfish species like to swim and live in plastic bags.
C．Jellyfish mucus can attract metals and break them down.
D．Jellyfish mucus can absorb liquids and some other substances.
14．What does the underlined word “properties” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean
A．Qualities. B．Substances. C．Choices. D．Materials.
15．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A．To show the harm that sea and ocean pollution brings to human beings.
B．To introduce the living habits of the weird and wonderful creatures in the sea.
C．To provide a new method for collecting data on environmental threats in the sea.
D．To inform a promising scientific finding for dealing with plastic pollution in the sea.
（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）It all started when I typed a perfectly reasonable prompt (提示词) into one of several apps on the market that can create an image based on text. “Skull space laser dinosaur starship explosion,” I wrote. The app processed for a few seconds, and returned four images, one of which was strangely accurate: a dinosaur-looking skull screamed out of an empty space, trailing fire. It looked like an illustration from the art magazine, and perhaps art from the magazine influenced its creation.
Text-to-image AIs identify images by looking at the text that people have used to describe those pictures online. When the app got my prompt, it studied images that random people had described as “dinosaur” or laser and soon then used what is called a diffusion model (扩散模型) to add a bunch of random chaos to those pictures. Once they were suitably completed, it “upscaled” them, removing noise and sharpening focus. Its work is so good that an artist using it recently won first place for digital images at the Colorado State Fair.
But there are major ethical (道德的) issues raised by the success of such AIs. The biggest has to do with those training data sets. Reporters recently discovered that the data set used by Text-to-image AIs contained images of violence. Some companies are working on ways to prevent the public from seeing images based on offensive and illegal pictures in the data set. A representative of the companies also noted that the images in its data set are “already available in the public internet on publicly available websites”.
But even if this problem is fixed there is still the question of all the other pictures online that are being transformed into AI-generated masterpieces. As many artists have pointed out, their works are being used without payment. The image-generating algorithm (算法) creates illustrations and even movies by using data sets stocked with art stolen from artists who post their works online.
Some AI researchers argue that their algorithms aren’t stealing from artists so much as learning from them just as human artists learn from each other. But a more ethical approach would be for companies to acknowledge their debt to artists and create a model of voluntary collective licensing, much like what radio stations first did in radio’s early days. Back then, musicians created groups like BMI to collectively license their music to radio stations — then BMI would pay artists based on how often their songs were played. Perhaps artists and art institutions today could form a “collecting society” that would allow companies to license their artwork for data sets.
To create ethical AI systems, we need to acknowledge the people whose work makes those systems so magical. We can’t simply snarf up every image online — we need humans to manage those data sets and we need to pay them to do it.
16．What can we learn about Text-to-image AIs from the first two paragraphs
A．They are developed to process pictures.
B．They are used to describe online pictures.
C．They use a diffusion model to combine pictures.
D．They create their works based on online pictures.
17．One of the issues raised by the success of Text-to-image AIs is ______.
A．the influence upon art creation. B．the availability of online pictures.
C．the neglect of the artists’ copyright. D．the prospect of artists being replaced.
18．Why did the author mention BMI in Paragraph 5
A．To introduce the role that BMI played in AI history.
B．To present a way to regulate the use of online pictures.
C．To prove the necessity of licensing music to radio stations.
D．To demonstrate the urgency of forming a collecting society.
19．What can we infer from the passage
A．It is not practical to improve the image-generating algorithm.
B．The function of Text-to-image AIs shouldn’t be underestimated.
C．Human efforts should be valued in the application of Text-to-image AIs.
D．Companies should be held responsible for the illegal pictures on public websites.
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）People who think of themselves as tough-minded and realistic tend to take it for granted that human nature is selfish and that life is a struggle in which only the fittest may survive. According to this philosophy, the basic law by which people must live, is the law of the jungle. The “fittest” are those who can bring to the struggle superior force, superior cunning and superior ruthlessness.
But we are entitled to ask whether the ruthlessness of the tiger, the cunning of the fox and the obedience to the law of the jungle are, in their human applications, actually evidence of human fitness to survive. If human beings are to pick up pointers on behavior from the lower animals, are there not animals other than beasts of prey from which we might learn lessons in survival
We might, for example, look to the rabbit or the deer and define fitness to survive as superior speed in running away from our enemies. We might point to the earthworm or the mole and attribute their fitness to survive to the ability to keep out of sight and out of the way. If we simply look to animals in order to define what we mean by “fitness to survive”, there is no limit to the subhuman systems of behavior that we can think up. We may emulate any animal because they have all obviously survived in one way or another. We are still entitled to ask, however, if human survival does not revolve around a different kind of fitness from that of the lower animals.
Biologists distinguish between two kinds of struggle for survival. First, there is the interspecific struggle, warfare between different species of animals. Second, there is the intraspecific struggle, warfare among members of a single species. A great deal of evidence in modern biology indicates that those species that have developed elaborate means of intraspecific competition often make themselves unfit for interspecific competition, and that strength and fierceness in fighting and killing other animals, whether in interspecific or intraspecific competition, have never been enough in themselves to guarantee the survival of a species.
If we are going to talk about human survival, one of the first things to do, even if we grant that people must fight to live, is to distinguish between those qualities that are useful in fighting the environment and other species and those qualities that are useful in fighting other people. There are also characteristics important to human survival that do not involve fighting.
Cooperation is essential to the survival of most living creatures. And human beings are the talking animals. Any theory of human survival that leaves this fact out of account is no more scientific than would be a theory of beaver survival that failed to consider the interesting uses a beaver makes of its teeth and flat tail. Let us see what talking means.
beaver
20．According to the passage, the “Survival of the Fittest” theory .
A．shows that the tough-minded and realistic survive
B．is often used as an excuse for one’s being selfish
C．applies better in human society than in the wild
D．is universally acknowledged among scientists
21．What does the underlined word “emulate” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．Copy B．Protect. C．Trap. D．Admire.
22．According to the passage, the author is most likely to agree that .
A．humans have no superior force over other species
B．humans have survived because they are the fittest
C．humans don’t have to learn from animals to survive
D．humans need to fight each other for their own survival
23．What is most likely to be talked about next
A．Ways to make humans more competitive.
B．Human’s cooperation via communication
C．Differences between beavers and humans.
D．The development of human survival skills.
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）The start-up that attracted the largest investment in the history of cybersecurity, of more than half a billion dollars, has a simple goal: a passwordless future.
Despite the spread of password management software that can generate and remember complicated strings of random characters, some of the most common passwords are still “12345”, “password” and “iloveyou”. As a result, more than 80 percent of hacks involve these kinds of passwords; and passwords remain the most sought-after data by hackers, above other personal or sensitive information.
In many cases, individuals are tricked into handing over password details by phishing emails and other social engineering techniques. Hackers have sought to break into apps and steal entire password databases as well. Passwords are also under attack from new technology, such as automated programs that can rapidly try to guess them, or can try stolen passwords on multiple online accounts.
Since the need to replace the easily forgotten and highly hackable strings of letters and numbers that we use to access everyday life has become even more urgent, the race to replace the password is under way, with biometric-based (基于生物识别的) security emerging as one of the most sought-after solutions. According to Tieo, a union of more than 250 companies, which promotes a standard system of passwordless authentication (身份验证), the vast majority of consumer services will offer passwordless login systems in the next couple of years. “If done correctly and safely, biometrics are really helping us move to a passwordless future in a rapid manner,” said Andrew Jenkinson, CEO of Tieo.
But there are still risks associated with the use of biometric authentication. Unlike passwords, biometrics cannot be changed. This means such data must be closely guarded for privacy purposes and to prevent spoofing—hackers trying to trick cameras or sensors with photos, or masks of their victim. “Biometric authentication and passwordless authentication has its own attack surface,” said Paul Smith, director of security research at CyberPek. His team revealed that it had found a design problem which would allow potential attackers to bypass facial recognition login by injecting a spoofed photo of a user’s face into the process.
The biggest obstacle standing in the way of the start-ups hoping to kill the password is how to change years of habit. Eric Brown, founder of TAK Cyber, a cyber research and advisory company, argued that while sensitive applications may rapidly shift from passwords, other websites have less motivation to update their systems. “You’ll never get rid of them,” he said. “We’re never going to get to the post-password era.”
24．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．Why passwords are the most sought-after data.
B．How passwords are stolen by phishing emails.
C．How passwords have caused us trouble.
D．Why passwords are difficult to secure.
25．What can we infer from the passage
A．Facial recognition login is the key to fighting hackers.
B．Biometric authentication has its own set of problems.
C．TAK Cyber’s login system guarantees the safety of data.
D．Spoofing brings more problems than automated programs.
26．What is Eric Brown’s attitude towards a passwordless future
A．Indifferent. B．Passionate. C．Pessimistic. D．Objective.
27．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Biometric authentication: password security solution!
B．Start-ups race to welcome a passwordless future
C．The argument to end passwords has begun
D．Killing the password: a cure or a fantasy
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. Flowers grow out of power-station chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; oil companies use sunny, friendly logos and promise cleaner technologies- although, in fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest ecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side of the business continues.
This is known as greenwashing, which means “making things that are not green look green”. The phenomenon has long existed since the first Earth Day in 1970, when companies spent $300 million advertising themselves as green companies—many times more than the money they actually spent on research into pollution reduction itself. And the trend continued over the following decades when some of the planet’s worst polluters tried to pass themselves off as eco-friendly. As the public’s environmental awareness grew, so too did the experience of corporate public relations strategies, and advertisers found ever- more-creative ways to use a green curtain to hide dark motives.
Of course, some businesses are genuinely committed to making the world a better, greener place. But when a company spends more time and money claiming to be “green” than actually adopting business practices that minimize environmental impact, it is clear that, for them, environmentalism is little more than a convenient slogan(口号). Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception.
And what about today s consumers Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about what is true. Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told-why else would companies do it More information and greater awareness are essential. Analysing the tricks used by advertisers should be part of every school curriculum. Non- governmental organisations can spread the word. Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies. But it is not enough. Legally enforceable systems must be put in place.
So what is already being done about planned attempts to pull the wool over consumers’ eyes In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission is taking action against misleading advertising claims. France has published Green Claims Guidance, stressing that “an advertisement must avoid conveying a message contrary to the accepted principles of sustainable development”. All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer.
28．What can we learn about greenwashing
A．It is an ecological concept.
B．It is a marketing technique.
C．It is an awareness campaign.
D．It is an advertising innovation.
29．What does the underlined phrase “conceal deception” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Hide the truth. B．Raise the risk.
C．Expose the weakness. D．Break the limit.
30．What can be inferred about most consumers
A．They are lacking in legal knowledge.
B．They have encouraged greenwashing.
C．They may question consumer groups.
D．They tend to make sensible decisions.
31．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Actions to fight false advertising.
B．Ways to protect customers’ interest.
C．Attempts to solve environmental problems.
D．Proposals to ensure sustainable development.
参考答案
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“快时尚”潮流给环境所带来的危害，以及研究人员为了避免环境危害尝试的措施。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Clothing, footwear and upholstered furniture are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions, which are themselves soon abandoned and replaced.(人们越来越频繁地购买衣服、鞋类和软垫家具，然后扔掉，换上新的时装，而这些时装本身很快又被抛弃和替换。)”以及第二段中“Today, fashion brands(品牌)produce almost twice the amount of clothing that they did in 2000. But incredibly, more than 50 billion clothes are deserted within a year of being made.( 如今，时尚品牌的服装产量几乎是2000年的两倍。但令人难以置信的是，超过500亿件衣服在制作完成后的一年内被丢弃。)”可以推断，快时尚导致时尚浪费的显著增加。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing(制造)processes, especially recycling.( 这至少涉及两件事：重新专注于制造耐用的物品，从而鼓励重复使用；并更迅速地扩展可持续制造过程的技术，特别是回收利用。)”可知，循环经济注重的是制造耐用的物品，从而鼓励重复使用；并更迅速地扩展可持续制造过程的技术，故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ Most used textiles go to landfill(废物填埋场), in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. (大多数用过的纺织品都被扔进了垃圾填埋场，部分原因是收集、回收和再利用材料的系统相对较少。这种回收需要手工分离纤维，以及纽扣和拉链。)”可知，大多数用过的纺织品都被扔进了垃圾填埋场，部分原因是收集、回收和再利用材料的系统相对较少。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Small steps are good, but big changes are needed. The shameful environmental cost of a new cupboard needs to be tackled immediately, at scale, with style.( 一小步是好的，但大的改变是必要的。快时尚所带来的令人羞耻的环境成本需要立即大规模、有格调地加以解决。)”可知，就长远来看，我们需要做出大的改变是十分必要的，因此人类应该采取更多措施来应对“快时尚”所带来的沉重的环境代价。故选C。
5．D 6．D 7．C 8．A
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章以鱼缸里的金鱼为例，讨论了现实主义以及人们应该如何描述宇宙。
5．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The sponsors of the measure explained that it is cruel to keep a fish in such a bowl because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality.”（这项措施的发起人解释说，把鱼养在这样的鱼缸里是残忍的，因为弯曲的侧面会让鱼对现实有一种distorted看法。）中的“cruel”和“curved”可以推断，发起人认为弯曲的侧面会让鱼对现实产生错误的观点，因而把鱼养在这样的鱼缸里是残忍的，所以“distorted”意为：错误的，即“false”。故选D。
6．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey (传达) information about the material world. In philosophy, that belief is called realism.”（大多数人相信客观现实存在，我们的感官和科学直接传达了物质世界的信息，在哲学中，这种信念被称为现实主义。）可知，本段主要讲述了人们对现实的传统见解。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段“It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. ”（现在看来，这种追求可能产生的不是单一的理论，而是一系列相互关联的理论，每个理论都描述了自己的现实版本，就像从自己的鱼缸里看宇宙一样。）和第三段“If—like us—the beings in the simulated world could not observe their universe from the outside, they would have no reason to doubt their own pictures of reality.”（如果模拟世界中的生物像我们一样不能从外部观察它们的宇宙，它们就没有理由怀疑自己对现实的想象。）可知，人们视角和观点不同，会有着不同的理论。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations.”（也许为了描述宇宙，我们必须在不同的情况下运用不同的理论。）和“But it might be the way of the universe.”（但这可能就是宇宙的规律。）可知，作者认为人们可以用多种理论描述宇宙，可得出作者也许会许赞同“欢迎对宇宙的不同解释”这个观点。故选A。
9．B 10．D 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了科技给医疗带来了很大的改变。文章列举了远程医疗为人们带来的方便和益处。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“However, with high-speed internet video conferencing and online file-sharing technology, access to healthcare has become much more convenient and affordable because healthcare is provided from the patient’s home, and transportation and transfer expenses are eliminated .(然而，随着高速互联网视频会议和在线文件共享技术的发展，医疗保健变得更加方便和负担得起，因为医疗保健是在患者家中提供的，并且消除了运输和转移费用。)”以及第三段中“In addition to the positive economic benefits, for elderly patients, or those with mobility issues, telemedicine is a game changer.(除了积极的经济利益外，对于老年患者或行动不便的患者来说，远程医疗是一个改变游戏规则的因素。)”可知，第二段和第三段主要讲述的是远程医疗的优势。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Health care is also no longer limited by the open hours at the local doctor’s office. With the globally connected internet, patients can contact a doctor anytime. (保健服务也不再受当地医生办公室开放时间的限制。有了全球联网的互联网，患者可以随时联系医生。)”可知，有了远程医疗患者不受空间限制可以从国内外医生那里得到专业的建议。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With the help of internet hospitals, users can schedule an appointment and have a high-quality video conference with a qualified and professional physician. Moreover, doctors can even prescribe and have medication online and have them shipped to the patients using express. (在互联网医院的帮助下，用户可以预约并与合格的专业医生进行高质量的视频会议。此外，医生甚至可以在网上处方和获取药物，并使用快递将药物运送给患者。)”可知远程医疗使人们足不出户就可以享受医疗服务。故选D。
12．C 13．D 14．A 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着海洋中塑料垃圾的增多，科学家们正试图通过水母的黏液研究解决海洋中微塑料的方法。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In recent years, tiny pieces of plastic called microplastic have been a significant problem for the world’s seas and oceans. (近年来，被称为微塑料的微小塑料碎片已经成为世界海洋的一个重大问题)”可知，本段主要介绍了微塑料近年来已经成为世界海洋面临的一个重大问题。由此可推知，本段主要介绍了世界海洋面临的问题。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Dr Ana Rotter has discovered that this mucus has strong absorptive capabilities—it can absorb, take in liquids and other substances.( 安娜·罗特博士发现这种粘液有很强的吸收能力——它可以吸收液体和其他物质)”可知，水母的黏液可以吸收液体和其他物质。故选D项。
14．词义猜测题。根据文章第六段中的“Scientists are hoping that the mucus’s absorptive properties—its abilities to absorb liquids and other substances and hold them, will allow it to trap particles of plastic floating in the sea.(科学家们希望黏液的吸收特性——它吸收液体和其他物质，并容纳它们的能力——能让它捕获漂浮在海里的塑料颗粒)”可知，absorptive properties与后面的its abilities to absorb liquids and other substances and hold them为同义表达，此处表示“吸收液体和其他物质，并容纳它们的能力”，由此可推知，此处指“吸收特性”，properties为property的复数形式，原意为“特性”，与quality互为同义表达。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。阅读文章内容可知，文章开篇通过水母引出话题，第二段“Now scientific research is discovering that these rubbery sea creatures might provide an answer—a sticky solution to the problem of plastic pollution.(现在，科学研究发现，这些橡胶状的海洋生物可能会为塑料污染问题提供一个棘手的解决方案)”提到了水母这种生物可能为塑料污染问题提供解决方案；第三、四、五、六段介绍了Ana Rotter博士利用水母的黏液吸收海洋微塑料垃圾的相关研究。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的在于介绍一种有望解决海洋塑料垃圾的科学研究。故选D项。
16．D 17．C 18．B 19．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文本到图像AI可以基于文本创建图像，但也由此带来了许多道德问题，文章对这些问题的解决提出了方法和建议。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“It all started when I typed a perfectly reasonable prompt (提示词) into one of several apps on the market that can create an image based on text. (这一切都是从我在市面上几个可以基于文本创建图像的应用程序之一中键入一个非常合理的提示开始的。)”和第二段前两句“Text-to-image AIs identify images by looking at the text that people have used to describe those pictures online. When the app got my prompt, it studied images that random people had described as “dinosaur” or laser and soon then used what is called a diffusion model (扩散模型) to add a bunch of random chaos to those pictures. (文本到图像AI通过查看人们用来在线描述这些图片的文本来识别图像。当应用程序收到我的提示时，它研究了随机人描述为“恐龙”或激光的图像，然后很快使用所谓的扩散模型为这些图像添加了一堆随机的混乱。)”可知，文本到图像AI根据在线图片创作作品。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“As many artists have pointed out, their works are being used without payment.(正如许多艺术家所指出的，他们的作品被免费使用。)”可知，文本到图像AI的成功带来的问题之一是对艺术家版权的忽视。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Perhaps artists and art institutions today could form a “collecting society” that would allow companies to license their artwork for data sets. (也许今天的艺术家和艺术机构可以组建一个“收藏协会”，允许公司对其艺术品进行数据集许可。)”可知，作者在第5段中提到BMI是为了提出一种规范网络图片使用的方法。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To create ethical AI systems, we need to acknowledge the people whose work makes those systems so magical. We can’t simply snarf up every image online — we need humans to manage those data sets and we need to pay them to do it. (为了创造合乎道德的人工智能系统，我们需要承认那些让这些系统如此神奇的人。我们不能简单地在网上抓取每一张图片，我们需要人类来管理这些数据集，我们需要支付他们的费用。)”可知，在文本到图像AI的运用中，应重视人类的努力。故选C。
20．B 21．A 22．C 23．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了”适者生存“理论在人类社会中与动物之间的区别。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段“People who think of themselves as tough-minded and realistic tend to take it for granted that human nature is selfish and that life is a struggle in which only the fittest may survive. According to this philosophy, the basic law by which people must live, is the law of the jungle. The “fittest” are those who can bring to the struggle superior force, superior cunning and superior ruthlessness.”（那些认为自己意志坚强、现实的人往往理所当然地认为，人性是自私的，生活是一场只有适者才能生存的斗争。根据这种哲学，人们必须遵循的基本法则是丛林法则。“适者”是那些能够在斗争中带来优越的力量、优越的狡猾和优越的残忍的人。）可知，对于信奉“适者生存”理论的人而言，他们往往认为人性是自私的，生活是一场只有适者才能生存的斗争。可推知，这些人会把这个理论作为自己自私的借口。故选B。
21．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“If we simply look to animals in order to define what we mean by “fitness to survive”, there is no limit to the subhuman systems of behavior that we can think up. ”（如果我们只是看动物来定义我们所说的“适者生存”，那么我们可以想出的非人类的行为系统是没有限制的。）可知，我们不应只是看动物来定义“适者生存”。划线词后内容“because they have all obviously survived in one way or another. ”（因为它们显然都以这样或那样的方式幸存了下来。）可知，动物们以自己的方式生存下来证实了适者生存的道理，所以我们应该不仅只是看动物来定义“适者生存”，而且要模仿它们，让自己生存下来。由此可知，划线词所在句指“我们会模仿动物来让自己生存下来”，所以划线词的含义为“模仿”，故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“We are still entitled to ask, however, if human survival does not revolve around a different kind of fitness from that of the lower animals.”（然而，我们仍然有权问，人类的生存是否围绕着一种不同于低等动物的适应性。）和倒数第二段“If we are going to talk about human survival, one of the first things to do, even if we grant that people must fight to live, is to distinguish between those qualities that are useful in fighting the environment and other species and those qualities that are useful in fighting other people. There are also characteristics important to human survival that do not involve fighting.”（如果我们要谈论人类的生存，首先要做的事情之一，即使我们承认人类必须为生存而战，就是区分那些有助于对抗环境和其他物种的品质，和那些有助于对抗其他人的品质。还有一些对人类生存非常重要的特征不涉及战斗。）和最后一段前两句“Cooperation is essential to the survival of most living creatures. And human beings are the talking animals. ”（合作对于大多数生物的生存是必不可少的，而人类是会说话的动物。）可知，作者认为，人类的生存不同于其他物种之间的生存的适应性，因为人类能区分那些有助于对抗环境和其他物种的品质，和那些有助于对抗其他人的品质。还有一些对人类生存非常重要的特征并不涉及战斗，此外人类是会说话的动物。即人类不必向动物学习才能生存，故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Cooperation is essential to the survival of most living creatures. And human beings are the talking animals. Any theory of human survival that leaves this fact out of account is no more scientific than would be a theory of beaver survival that failed to consider the interesting uses a beaver makes of its teeth and flat tail. Let us see what talking means.”（合作对大多数生物的生存至关重要。人类是会说话的动物。任何不考虑这一事实的人类生存理论都不会比海狸生存理论更科学，因为后者没有考虑到海狸利用牙齿和扁尾巴的有趣用途。让我们看看说话是什么意思。）可知，本段结尾提到了人类会通过沟通获得合作，因此接下来可能谈论的是人们如何通过沟通来实现合作。故选B。
24．D 25．B 26．C 27．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了很多公司投入到无密码的研究中，但是其中还有许多问题需要解决。
24．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“In many cases, individuals are tricked into handing over password details by phishing emails and other social engineering techniques. Hackers have sought to break into apps and steal entire password databases as well. Passwords are also under attack from new technology, such as automated programs that can rapidly try to guess them, or can try stolen passwords on multiple online accounts.(在许多情况下，个人通过网络钓鱼邮件和其他社会工程技术被骗提供密码细节。黑客还试图侵入应用程序，窃取整个密码数据库。密码也受到新技术的攻击，比如自动程序可以快速猜测密码，或者在多个在线账户上尝试窃取密码)”可知，第三段主要讲为什么密码很难保护。故选D项。
25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But there are still risks associated with the use of biometric authentication. Unlike passwords, biometrics cannot be changed. This means such data must be closely guarded for privacy purposes and to prevent spoofing—hackers trying to trick cameras or sensors with photos, or masks of their victim. “Biometric authentication and passwordless authentication has its own attack surface,” said Paul Smith, director of security research at CyberPek. His team revealed that it had found a design problem which would allow potential attackers to bypass facial recognition login by injecting a spoofed photo of a user’s face into the process.(但使用生物特征认证仍然存在风险。与密码不同，生物识别是无法更改的。这意味着出于隐私的考虑，这些数据必须被严密保护，以防止黑客试图用受害者的照片或面具来欺骗摄像头或传感器。CyberPek安全研究主管保罗 史密斯（Paul Smith）表示:“生物特征认证和无密码认证都有自己的攻击面。”他的团队透露，他们发现了一个设计问题，即潜在的攻击者可以通过在登录过程中注入伪造的用户面部照片来绕过面部识别登录)”可知，生物识别认证有其自身的问题。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Eric Brown, founder of TAK Cyber, a cyber research and advisory company, argued that while sensitive applications may rapidly shift from passwords, other websites have less motivation to update their systems. “You’ll never get rid of them,” he said. “We’re never going to get to the post-password era.””(网络研究和咨询公司TAK Cyber的创始人埃里克 布朗（Eric Brown）认为，尽管敏感应用程序可能很快就不再使用密码，但其他网站就没有动力更新它们的系统。“你永远也摆脱不了他们，”他说。“我们永远不会进入后密码时代。”)”可知，埃里克·布朗对无密码的未来并不看好，持悲观态度。故选C项。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The start-up that attracted the largest investment in the history of cybersecurity, of more than half a billion dollars, has a simple goal: a passwordless future.(这家初创公司吸引了网络安全史上最大的投资，超过5亿美元，它的目标很简单:一个无密码的未来)”以及第四段“Since the need to replace the easily forgotten and highly hackable strings of letters and numbers that we use to access everyday life has become even more urgent, the race to replace the password is under way, with biometric-based security emerging as one of the most sought-after solutions.(由于替换我们用来访问日常生活的容易忘记且极易被黑客入侵的字母和数字字符串的需求变得更加迫切，替换密码的竞赛正在进行中，基于生物识别的安全技术成为最受欢迎的解决方案之一)”可知，本文主要讲很多公司都投入到无密码研究中，再根据倒数第二段中“But there are still risks associated with the use of biometric authentication. Unlike passwords, biometrics cannot be changed. This means such data must be closely guarded for privacy purposes and to prevent spoofing—hackers trying to trick cameras or sensors with photos, or masks of their victim.(但使用生物特征认证仍然存在风险。与密码不同，生物识别是无法更改的。这意味着出于隐私的考虑，这些数据必须被严密保护，以防止黑客试图用受害者的照片或面具来欺骗摄像头或传感器)”以及最后一段中“The biggest obstacle standing in the way of the start-ups hoping to kill the password is how to change years of habit.(对于那些希望消灭密码的初创企业来说，最大的障碍是如何改变多年来的习惯)”可知，无密码研究中还存在许多问题，到底能不能达到，我们并不知道，所以D项“Killing the password: a cure or a fantasy (消除密码：治愈还是幻想？)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
28．B 29．A 30．B 31．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现在社会中不光有企业致力于让世界变得更美好、更环保，也有一些公司夸大效果、编造数据，试图用环保理念掩盖其黑暗的动机。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. Flowers grow out of power-station chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; oil companies use sunny, friendly logos and promise cleaner technologies- although, in fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources.(几乎每天都有公司在精心制作的广告中告诉我们，他们为我们的环境做出了多大的贡献。发电厂的烟囱里会长出花朵；SUV出现在自然栖息地；石油公司使用阳光、友好的标志，并承诺使用更清洁的技术——尽管事实上，他们没有在可再生能源或替代能源上投入足够的资金。)”中，作者举例说明现状，即很多高污染公司会利用广告试图向外界表达自己绿色、环保的生产经营理念，而实际上却并没有真正做到环保。由此可以推测出，所以对于这些公司来说，假装自己环保只是一种打广告的营销手段。故选B项。
29．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception.(充其量，这种“洗绿”将事实推到了极限；在最坏的情况下，它有助于掩盖欺骗。)”，分析句子成分可知，it指的是上文提到的greenwashing这个现象；上文“Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”.(他们传递的信息是“购买我们的产品，你就能结束全球变暖，改善空气质量，拯救海洋”。)”中，作者再次举例说明一些公司“声称”自己是环保企业，宣传虚假信息，欺骗消费者，而购买这些产品并不能结束全球变暖、改善空气质量，这些企业只不过是想利益最大化，吸引更多的顾客以谋取更多的利益；所以“洗绿”这件事情能够帮助这些企业隐藏他们的真实想法，即隐瞒真相。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句“Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about what is true.(他们中很少有人能真正有准备地对真相做出明智的判断和决定。)”可知，他们很少有人做出明智的判断，是否具有法知识无法推断。故D选项：They tend to make sensible decisions.(他们倾向于做出明智的决定。)错误；A选项：They are lacking in legal knowledge.（他们缺乏法律知识。）错误。根据“Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies.（消费者团体可以惩罚环保公司。）可知，消费者团体是支持真正的环保的。文中无法推断出大部分消费者质疑消费者团体”故C选项错误。根据“Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told-why else would companies do it （漂绿之所以成为可能，是因为消费者经常相信别人告诉他们的，否则公司为什么会这样做？）”可知，消费者相信广告公司的漂绿行为，助长了公司的虚假环保的行为。故B选项：They have encouraged greenwashing.（他们已经鼓励了漂绿行为）正确。故选B。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer.(所有这些肯定都是问题的核心：广告的真正影响是推广不可持续的生活方式。这就是我们星球面临的真正危险，一种不能再被忽视的危险。)”可知，本段讲的是虚假广告会引发民众不可持续的生活方式和地球的不可持续发展，所以为了解决这一核心问题，需要采取行动打击虚假广告。故选A项。2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编
语法填空
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Usually, stress is seen as being bad, but this is not always true. Eustress(积极压力)is the positive term for stress. It 1 (relate) to well-being and positive attitudes. Eustress occurs when the gap between what one has and what one wants is 2 (slight) pushed. Eustress creates a better environment for people, which 3 (make) them perform better and cost less. Therefore, Eustress is necessary 4 achievement.
（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Research shows that individuals who sit all day, even if they go to the gym for an hour, are at 5 (great) disease risk than those who are more active during the day. Informal activity such as 6 (walk) is beneficial to overall health. While there is no 7 (publish) recommendation for “safe” sitting time yet, a good rule of thumb is to move for at least 1 to 2 minutes each hour of sitting.
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On May 17, a young girl 8 (take) a pack of snacks to a self-service counter at a new concept convenience store. The concept store is part of the “know your food” campaign of the UNICEF, 9 aims to empower people to make healthy and informed choices about their diet. After scanning her item, the girl realized she would have to climb 70 floors 10 (burn) off the calories. Though unwillingly, she gave up the snacks.
（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Grandma Xu is a seventy-year-old rural woman 11 did not graduate from primary school, but her ability to speak 11 foreign languages surprised many. She sold water at a scenic spot during the day. She learned foreign languages by persistent asking, frequent talking with, and 12 (help) foreign tourists. With her hard work, diligence, and warm heart, she learned different languages. She 13 (win) the recognition of friends from all over the world and made her life better.
（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station returned in the middle of April. 14 (live) in space for about six months, they completed more than 20 scientific tasks and brought back samples 15 them. Besides, they also delivered two live lectures from the space station, 16 showed the students their living and working areas. In addition to the lectures, they also demonstrated several scientific 17 (experiment) under zero-gravity conditions.
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According to China Daily, the summer of 2022 became the hottest since China’s meteorological (气象学的) records 18 (begin). The weather forecast reported that the high temperature in some areas could reach 40℃, 19 (possible) breaking records. 20 (affect) by the high temperatures, some areas experienced drought and a decrease in agricultural production. People and governments should be prepared to do more to tackle climate change.
（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词， 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Possessing more bamboo than any other country in the world, China is known as the Kingdom of Bamboo. To the Chinese people, bamboo is the symbol of virtue. It has the title of “the gentleman of plants”. It is always 21 (close) related to people of positive spirit. For example, 22 (it) deep root symbolizes determination, and the straight and hollow stem represents straightness and modesty. Bamboo culture always plays a positive role in encouraging Chinese people to hold on when 23 (face) tough situations.
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Chinese 24 (researcher) have deployed an in-situ scientific experiment station on the seabed that will enable long-term uncrewed scientific research in the deep sea. The in-situ scientific experiment station is a new deep-sea system 25 (suggest) by China in recent years. Usually, 26 (tradition) marine surveys take samples from the seabed and get them tested in the land labs. For in-situ testing in the deep sea, damage or loss of sample data due to environmental changes can 27 (avoid).
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Last weekend, I participated in a clean-up activity. It was organized by an organization 28 aimed to protect natural parks. Our team leader, Joe, 29 (take) us to a park outside the city. He divided us into two groups and we worked for several hours. 30 made us happy was that the park looked cleaner than it had looked before. It was absolutely worth our effort! There’ll be another clean-up activity in the green belt next Saturday. I’ll join too.
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
With the popularity of cycling, many cities have combined their tourism characteristics to launch themed routes. From indoor exhibitions 31 outdoor concerts and night cycling along the South Central Axis (轴), a series of activities 32 (introduce) next month so that urban residents can enjoy themselves. An official of the China Tourism Academy said, “As mass tourism grows in popularity, only high-quality outdoor tourism products can attract visitors and the integration of micro-vacation products with outdoor sports products 33 (have) a broad space for development.”
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Governments at all levels have made continuous efforts to reduce the financial burden on house renters, especially those 34 are new college graduates. A report by the Meadin Academy says that college graduates 35 (survey) prefer to live in apartments near the companies or railway stations to facilitate their commute (通勤). As to house rents, most college graduates still need 36 (assistant) from their parents and only about 20 percent of them pay the rent themselves. 37 (help) lower the financial burdens of young people, many governments and companies have given their support in house rentals.
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After earning a master’s degree in 2016, Huang Wenxiu returned to Baise, her hometown, instead of seeking a career in Beijing. “I come from 38 remote mountainous village. Quite a number of folks 39 (struggle) with poverty there, so all I wish is to do my part to improve their lives,” she once said. Huang volunteered to join the grassroots poverty alleviation (扶贫) effort. She invited experts to tell the villagers 40 they could improve production. She persuaded the villagers to expand the planting area and encouraged e-commerce sales. 418 people from 88 households were lifted out of poverty thanks to her efforts.
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When were you born For most people, this is an easy question. Even those who don’t know their exact birthday can usually figure out when they were born to within a few years. Yet the Internet is full of quizzes 41 (make) to help you determine in which decade you were born. These are usually based on what 42 (happen) in American pop culture at the time you first became aware of it. It sounds foolish. But many people, though 43 (complain) about the stupid quizzes, still take them, wondering 44 their answers generate their correct birth year.
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When I was in Singapore six years ago, I gave a taxi driver a card 45 a specific address on it and asked him to take me there as quickly as possible. When we had almost reached the destination, he circled around the block. His meter read $11, but he took only $10. He explained that he wasn’t so familiar with this area. Before getting out of the taxi, I 46 (tell) that the ride with the taxi driver is always an important experience 47 creates the first impression about this country for a person.
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Gratitude is more than just saying “thank you”. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something. Expressing gratitude makes us feel a positive emotion. Over the past thirty years, there 48 (be) many studies showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person offers us an opportunity 49 (escape) from negative emotions. Even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and 50 (satisfied) with life. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel.
（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Gary is a children’s book author. He first became 51 (interest) in cartoon art when he was a child. He enjoyed writing stories about his characters and sharing 52 (they) with others. However, he was quite disappointed when the adults praised his cartoon works just out of politeness. 53 (improve) this awkward situation, Gary started writing funny stories. He 54 (know) even polite adults could not pretend a laugh.
（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Schloss and her partner set out to find out 55 people like certain colors more than others. Their studies suggest that color preference 56 (cause) by how someone feels about objects of that color. For example, people often like blue 57 it reminds them of clear skies and clean water. On the other hand, people tend to shy away from brown because they are reminded of the food that has gone bad.
（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On October 12th, Shenzhou-14 crew members gave a live class to the students on Earth. During the class, the crew showed the students a science glove-box, 58 the plants experiments are performed. Then, the astronauts had real-time interactions with students 59 video calls and they answered students’ questions like “What kinds of plants 60 (bring) to space in future spaceflights ” At the end of the class, the crew said, “We expect you guys 61 (build) our space home better in the future.”
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Research on the relationship between gratitude (感恩) and physical health is still exploring. The evidence of existing studies 62 (suggest) that there may be a connection. It appears that more grateful people report sleeping better and feeling 63 (healthy). Besides, gratitude may lead people to engage in behaviors that help keep them healthy, like not smoking. Now researchers still need to make it clear 64 gratitude is so good for our health.
（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Edward O. Wilson, the “modern-day Charles Darwin”, damaged his right eye when he 65 (catch) a fish in the river near his home at seven. The poor eyesight only allowed him to observe small 66 (creature) like ants. Interested in the selflessness of ants, which would sacrifice themselves for their colony (群体), Wilson developed a theory, 67 (confirm) the existence of altruistic(利他的) behavior in a wide range of species. It made him influential as both a close observer and a pioneering theorist.
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Self-discipline is essential for every person, regardless of 68 (he) age, class or profession. It shows a person’s character and helps him build relationships with those around him. It also helps in making good use of the available time. And this 69 (result) in increased productivity and enhanced efficiency. People who practice self-discipline are always respected 70 society.
It is proved 71 small changes in routine life such as sleeping and waking up at the same time each day, eating healthy food, exercising and setting goals can help in achieving self-discipline.
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Language Days at the United Nations seek 72 (celebrate) cultural diversity and promote equal usage of the official languages. There are six days for each of the six official languages.
The Chinese language is one of the six official languages chosen by the United Nations, and UN Chinese Language Day 73 (hold) on April 20 every year. The date was selected from Guyu, 74 is the 6th of 24 solar terms in the traditional Chinese calendar.
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sharon Brown 75 (win) a Women in Innovation award in 2021 for her work in developing a blood test that can help to identify cancer quicker and more accurately. The award was given by an organisation 76 (call) Innovate UK for International Women’s Day celebrations. Sharon is one of 38 women from the UK to have received the award. The award aims to support brilliant women to 77 (full) achieve their visions and change the world in future.
参考答案
1．is related 2．slightly 3．makes 4．for
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是积极压力的重要性。
1．考查动词。句意：它与幸福和积极的态度有关。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句中be related to为固定短语，意为“与……有关”。故填is related。
2．考查副词。句意：当一个人所拥有的和想要的之间的差距被略微拉大时，就会出现“良性压力”。分析句子，设空处使用slight的副词slightly作状语，意为“稍微地”。故填slightly。
3．考查动词。句意：良性压力为人们创造了一个更好的环境，使他们表现得更好，成本更低。分析句子，设空处使用动词作which引导定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。which指代前文的environment，为单数。故填makes。
4．考查介词。句意：因此，积极压力对于取得成就是必要的。句中be necessary for为固定短语，意为“对……是有必要的”。故填for。
5．greater 6．walking 7．published
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是久坐不利于健康，好的方法是每坐一小时至少运动1到2分钟。
5．考查形容词。句意：研究表明，那些整天坐着的人，即使他们去健身房锻炼一个小时，也比那些白天更活跃的人有更高的疾病风险。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，句中than为比较级的标志，故使用great的比较级greater。故填greater。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：散步等非正式的活动对整体健康有益。分析句子，设空处使用walk的动名词walking作such as 的宾语。故填walking。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然目前还没有发表过关于“安全”坐着时间的建议，但一个好的经验法则是每坐一小时至少运动1到2分钟。分析句子，设空处使用过去分词作定语修饰recommendation，此处publish意为“发表”，其过去分词为published，其与recommendation之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填published。
8．took/was taking 9．which 10．to burn
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了一个女孩联合国儿童基金会“了解你的食物”运动的一家商店购物的经历。
8．考查动词时态语态。句意：5月17日，一个小女孩拿着一包零食来到一家新概念便利店的自助服务台。分析句子可知，take是谓语动词，由时间状语On May 17可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，也可以表示过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填took/was taking。
9．考查定语从句。句意：这家概念店是联合国儿童基金会“了解你的食物”运动的一部分，该运动旨在使人们能够对自己的饮食做出健康和知情的选择。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰campaign，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which，故填which。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：扫描完她的商品后，女孩意识到她必须爬70层楼才能燃烧掉卡路里。尽管不情愿，她还是放弃了零食。分析句子可知，此处为目的状语，用不定式形式，故填to burn。
11．who/that 12．helping 13．has won/won
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位70岁的农村妇女，小学都没毕业，但能说11门外语的徐奶奶。
11．考查限制性定语从句。句意：徐奶奶是一位70岁的农村妇女，小学都没毕业，但她能说11门外语的能力让很多人感到惊讶。分析句子可知，空处引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词woman，指人，并在从句中充当主语，所以应填关系代词who/that。故填who/ that。
12．考查动名词。句意：她通过不断地询问、经常与外国游客交谈、帮助外国游客来学习外语。空处作介词by的宾语，应填其动名词形式helping，表示“帮助”，与前面的asking和talking并列。故填helping。
13．考查时态。句意：她赢得了来自世界各地朋友的认可，使她的生活变得更好。分析句子可知，空处谓语动词与后面的谓语动词made并列，所以可填动词过去式won，同时根据句意可知，空处也可表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，或对现在造成的影响，并可能持续发生下去，所以此处也可填现在完成式has won，谓语动词与主语She保持主谓一致，用单数。故填has won /won。
14．Living/Having lived 15．with 16．which 17．experiments
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲驻扎在中国天宫空间站的三名宇航员于4月中旬返回。
14．考查非谓语。句意：他们在太空生活了大约六个月，完成了20多项科学任务，并带回了样本。分析句子可知，这里应填非谓语，they 和live是主动关系，再根据句意可知，这里应用现在分词一般式或者现在分词完成式作状语。用于句首，首字母大写。故填Living/Having lived。
15．考查介词。句意：他们在太空生活了大约六个月，完成了20多项科学任务，并带回了样本。分析句子可知，这里考查bring sth with sb表“随身携带某东西” ，为固定搭配。故填with。
16．考查定语从句。句意：此外，他们还在空间站进行了两场现场讲座，向学生展示了他们的生活和工作区域。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子，在从句中作主语。故填which。
17．考查名词复数。句意：除了讲座，他们还演示了几项零重力条件下的科学实验。空处填名词作宾语，experiment为可数名字且由 several可知，此空应填可数名词复数。故填experiments。
18．began 19．possibly 20．Affected
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是据《中国日报》报道，2022年夏天成为中国有气象记录以来最热的夏天。
18．考查时态。句意：据《中国日报》报道，2022年夏天成为中国有气象记录以来最热的夏天。since引导的时间状语从句中时态用一般过去时，因此空格处用过去式began，故填began。
19．考查副词。句意：天气预报说，一些地区的高温可能达到40℃，可能会打破纪录。空格处用副词修饰动词breaking，possible的副词是possibly，意为“可能”，故填possibly。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：受高温影响，一些地区出现干旱，农业减产。句中谓语是experienced，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Affected。
21．closely 22．its 23．facing
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竹子在中国所象征的意义。
21．考查副词。句意：它总是与人的积极精神密切相关。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰后面的形容词related，故应用副词形式，结合句意可知，此处表示“密切相关”，应用closely，表示“紧密地、密切地”。故填closely。
22．考查代词。句意：例如，它的深根象征决心，而直而中空的茎代表正直和谦虚。分析句子可知，设空处在句中限定后面的deep root，结合句意及提示词可知，此处表示“它的深根”，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：竹文化一直在鼓励中国人面对困难时坚持不懈地发挥着积极的作用。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为Chinese people，二者之间为主动关系，应用现在分词doing；此处是一个when引导的时间状语从句的省略，原句应为when they are facing tough situations，此处将主语和be动词省略了。故填facing。
24．researchers 25．suggested 26．traditional 27．be avoided
【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国研究人员在海底部署了原位科学实验站，使得深海科学研究成为可能，文章介绍了实验站的工作原理。
24．考查名词。句意：中国研究人员已经在海底部署了一个原位科学实验站，这将使长期无人在深海进行科学研究成为可能。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作主语，应用名词，结合谓语动词have deployed可知，谓语为复数形式，故主语也需用复数形式。故填researchers。
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：原位科学实验站是近年来中国提出的一种新型深海系统。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为a new deep-sea system，和动词suggest二者之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，此处整个分词短语作后置定语。故填suggested。
26．考查形容词。句意：通常，传统的海洋调查从海底采集样本，然后在陆地实验室进行测试。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰后面的marine surveys，此处应填形容词，tradition的形容词形式为traditional，表示“传统的”。故填traditional。
27．考查动词语态。句意：在深海进行原位测试，可以避免由于环境变化造成样品数据的损坏或丢失。分析句子可知，设空处在句中和前面的can一起构成谓语，主语为damage or loss of sample data，与avoid之间为被动关系，故此处应用被动语态be done结构。故填be avoided。
28．which/that 29．took 30．What
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者参与清扫活动的经历。
28．考查定语从句。句意：它是由一个旨在保护自然公园的组织组织的。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的名词organization，这是一个定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词表示物，故可用which或that引导。故填which或that。
29．考查动词时态。句意：我们的领队乔带我们去城外的一个公园。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词，其主语为our team leader，二者之间为主动关系，用主动语态，结合上下文动词时态可知，本文通篇都在描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填took。
30．考查名词性从句。句意：使我们高兴的是公园看起来比以前干净多了。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，整个从句作was的主语，这是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示物，应用what引导，设空处位于句首，需首字母大写。故填What。
31．to 32．will be introduced 33．has / will have
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着自行车运动的普及，许多城市结合自己的旅游特色开辟了主题路线。文章讲述了下个月即将要举行一系列活动，让市民可以尽情享受。
31．考查介词。句意：从室内展览到户外音乐会，以及沿中南轴的夜间自行车活动，下个月将推出一系列活动，让市民可以尽情享受。固定结构：from...to...“从……到……”，结合句意，此处指从室内展览到户外音乐会，以及沿中南轴的夜间自行车活动，表示活动种类多。故填to。
32．考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：同上。空处在句中为谓语，结合空后“next month”可知，时态为一般将来时；句子主语“a series of activities”和动词“introduce”为动宾关系，所以此处用被动语态。故填will be introduced。
33．考查时态。句意：“随着大众旅游的普及，只有高质量的户外旅游产品才能吸引游客，且将微型度假产品与户外运动产品相结合，（将会）具有广阔的发展空间。”分析句子可知，空处为and后的并列句中的谓语，结合句意，这里可以表示一般性事实，用一般现在时，也可以表示将来的情况，用一般将来时，主语是单数，所以空处可以用has/will have，故填has/will have。
34．who 35．surveyed 36．assistance 37．To help
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了各级政府不断努力减轻租房者的经济负担，特别是刚毕业的大学生。
34．考查定语从句。句意：各级政府不断努力减轻租房者的经济负担，特别是刚毕业的大学生。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在从句中作主语，所以此处用关系代词who，故填who。
35．考查非谓语动词。句意：Meadin Academy的一份报告称，接受调查的大学毕业生更喜欢住在公司或火车站附近的公寓里，以方便他们上下班。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的宾语从句中作定语，修饰主语college graduates，从句的谓语prefer，动词survey和句子主语为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词surveyed，故填surveyed。
36．考查名词。句意：至于房租，大多数大学毕业生仍然需要父母的帮助，只有20% 左右的大学毕业生自己付房租。空处在句中作动词need的宾语，所以用名词assistance，为不可数名词，故填assistance。
37．考查非谓语。句意：为了帮助减轻年轻人的经济负担，许多政府和公司在房屋租赁方面给予了支持。分析句子可知，逗号前的所有内容在句中为目的状语，表示“政府和公司在房屋租赁方面给予支持”的目的，所有用不定式。因处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填To help。
38．a 39．are struggling/have been struggling 40．how
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了黄文绣（音译）回到自己的家乡百色，帮助家乡摆脱贫困的故事。
38．考查冠词。句意：我来自一个偏远的山村。village“村庄”为可数名词，此处使用了单数，空后形容词remote的首个音素为辅音，所以此处用不定冠词a，表示泛指。故填a。
39．考查时态。句意：在那里很多人与贫困作斗争，所以我希望的所有的就是尽自己的一份力量来改善他们的生活。空处在句中为谓语，本句话为直接引语，所以时态可以用现在进行时，也可以表示动作一直以来都在发生，且还将继续持续，所以用现在完成进行时。句子主语“a number of folks”为复数含义，所以助动词也用复数。故填are struggling/ have been struggling。
40．考查宾语从句。句意：她邀请专家告诉村民们如何提高产量。分析句子可知，空处及之后的内容为动词tell的宾语从句，空处作从句中的方式状语，所以用连接副词how，故填how。
41．made 42．was happening 43．complaining 44．if/whether
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了互联网上充满了帮助你确定你出生在哪个年代的测验，这些测试是基于你第一次意识到美国流行文化时所发生的事情，尽管许多人感觉这些测试很愚蠢，但是他们还是会做测试，因为他们想知道测试的答案是否符合他们正确的出生年份。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，互联网上充满了帮助你确定你出生在哪个年代的测验。句中有谓语动词is，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词quizzes，动词make和quizzes是被动关系，因为make quizzes意为“做测试”，此处“测试是被做”，所以此处应用过去分词made作后置定语，故填made。
42．考查时态。句意：这些通常是基于你第一次意识到美国流行文化时所发生的事情。what引导宾语从句，空处在从句中作谓语，由at the time you first became aware of it可知，句子描述过去当下时间点发生的事，应用过去进行时，故填was happening。
43．考查状语从句的省略。句意：但是许多人，虽然一边抱怨愚蠢的测验，但一边却仍然做测试，因为他们想知道测试的答案是否产生正确的出生年份。此处是though引导的状语从句的省略，从句主语和主句主语是同一主语，所以从句省略主语和系动词，从句主语many people和动词complain是主动关系，应用现在分词形式和系动词are构成现在进行时，即完整句子为though many people are complaining about the stupid quizzes，省略句为：though complaining about the stupid quizzes，故填complaining。
44．考查宾语从句。句意：但是许多人，虽然一边抱怨愚蠢的测验，但一边却仍然做测试，因为他们想知道测试的答案是否产生正确的出生年份。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，根据句意可知，此处表示“是否”，应用不做成分，只起连接作用的if/whether来引导，故填if/whether。
45．with 46．was told 47．that/which
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了六年前作者去新加坡时，打了一辆出租车去目的地。到达目的地后，车上的计费表显示11美元，但是司机只收了10美元，司机告诉作者，乘坐出租车是重要的经历，因为它会给人们留下对这个国家的第一印象。
45．考查介词。句意：六年前我在新加坡的时候，我给了一个出租车司机一张写有具体地址的卡片，让他尽快带我去那里。分析句子结构可知，and前后连接两个句子，此处表示“有”，应用介词with，构成with复合结构：with+名词+介词短语，故填with。
46．考查时态语态。句意：在下出租车之前，我被告知，乘坐出租车一直是一个重要的经历，因为它会给一个人留下对这个国家的第一印象。此处在主句中作谓语，主句描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，根据句意可知，此处表示“司机告诉我，即我被告知”，主语I和tell是被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是I，故填was told。
47．考查定语从句。句意：在下出租车之前，我被告知，乘坐出租车一直是一个重要的经历，它会给一个人留下对这个国家的第一印象。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为experience，指物，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which来引导，故填that/which。
48．have been 49．to escape 50．more satisfied
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究发现：感恩不仅仅是给人道一声“谢谢”，感恩是对某人或某事的更深层次的欣赏，同时也对我们的健康有好处，尤其是以写感谢信来表达感恩的这个方式，能使我们逃离负面情绪的影响。
48．考查时态。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一个逃离负面情绪的机会。根据时间状语Over the past thirty years，句子谓语用现在完成时态，此处为there be结构，主语为many studies，为复数，故助动词用have。故填have been。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一个逃离负面情绪的机会。此处考查名词opportunity，后接动词不定式作后置定语，故填to escape。
50．考查形容词比较等级。句意：即使我们不与任何人分享我们写的内容，完成练习的行为本身就会让我们更快乐、对生活更满意。设空处与形容词happier并列，也用比较等级，作us的宾补，故填more satisfied。
51．interested 52．them 53．To improve 54．knew
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加里是一名儿童图书作家，他喜欢写关于他笔下人物的故事，并与他人分享。但是，有时候人们却是处于礼貌对其作品进行称赞，于是，他开始写一些真正有趣的故事以改变这种尴尬的局面。
51．考查形容词。句意：他第一次对漫画艺术产生兴趣是在他还是个孩子的时候。分析可知，所填词在句中作表语，应是形容词，结合主语为“He”，表人物，应是-ed结尾的形容词“interested”，“become interested in”，“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。
52．考查人称代词宾格。句意：他喜欢写关于他笔下人物的故事，并与他人分享。分析可知，所填词在句中作宾语，应是用人称代词宾格形式。故填them。
53．考查动词不定式。句意：为了改善这种尴尬的局面，加里开始写一些有趣的故事。分析可知，所填词在句中作目的状语，用动词不定式。故填To improve。
54．考查时态。句意：他知道即使是有礼貌的成年人也不会假装笑。分析可知，所填词在句中作谓语动词，结合前文语境可知用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填knew。
55．why
56．is caused 57．because
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明人们会偏爱某些颜色，并介绍了这种现象产生的原因。
55．考查宾语从句。句意：施洛斯和她的搭档着手研究为什么人们更喜欢某些颜色。根据下文内容可知，下文解释的是人们为什么对颜色有偏好的原因。故填why。
56．考查动词语态。句意：他们的研究表明，颜色偏好是由某人对这种颜色的物体的感觉造成的。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；color preference和cause之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，preference为不可数名词。故填is caused。
57．考查原因状语从句。句意：例如，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水。根据句意可知，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水，应用because引导从句，意为“因为”。故填because。
58．where 59．through 60．will be brought 61．to build
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述神舟14号机组人员给地球上的学生们上的一堂直播课。
58．考查定语从句。句意：在课堂上，工作人员向学生们展示了一个科学手套箱，在那里进行植物实验。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a science glove-box，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
59．考查介词。句意：然后，宇航员通过视频通话与学生进行实时互动，并回答学生的问题，如“未来的太空飞行将把什么样的植物带到太空？”结合句意和句子结构可知，此处填介词through“通过”，through video calls“通过视频电话”。故填through。
60．考查时态语态。句意同上。空处为句子谓语动词，根据in future spaceflights可知此处描述将来发生的事情，且主语plants和bring之间为被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be brought。
61．考查不定式。句意：在课程结束时，神舟全体人员说：“我们希望你们将来能把我们的太空家园建得更好。”结合句意表达“期待某人做某事”用expect sb. to do sth.，不定式作宾补。故填to build。
62．suggests 63．healthier 64．why
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有证据表明感恩与身体健康之间可能存在关系。
62．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现有研究的证据表明可能存在关联。分析句子可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“evidence”意为“证据”，为不可数名词，故空格处应用“suggest”的三单形式“suggests”。故填suggests。
63．考查形容词比较级。句意：似乎更多感恩的人表示自己睡得更好，感觉更健康。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作表语，根据句意和句中“better”可知，句中把感恩的人和其他人进行比较，感恩的人睡得更好，感觉更健康，故空格处应用“healthy”的比较级“healthier”。故填healthier。
64．考查宾语从句。句意：现在，研究人员仍然需要弄清楚感恩对我们的健康是否如此有益。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，“it”作形式宾语，空格处单词引导从句，作真正的宾语，根据上文“ gratitude may lead people to engage in behaviors that help keep them healthy, like not smoking”可知：感恩能让人们做帮助保持健康的行为。所以想弄清楚“为什么感恩对于健康有好处”。故填写why.
65．was catching
66．creatures 67．confirming
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，介绍了Edward Wilson虽然小时候右眼受损，但是这使他成为一位密切的观察者和一位开拓性的理论家。
65．考查动词时态。句意：七岁时在家附近的河里抓鱼时，右眼受损。分析句子可知，空格处为时间状语从句的谓语部分，根据下文“at seven”可知从句谓语动词应使用一般过去时。又因为强调过去某个时刻动作的进行（在七岁时，抓鱼的时刻），所以应用过去进行时。故填was catching。
66．考查名词复数形式。句意：视力差只能让他观察蚂蚁这样的小生物。分析句子可知，空格处为句子宾语，名词creature是可数名词，此处应使用复数形式，故填creatures。
67．考查非谓语动词。句意：威尔逊对蚂蚁的无私感兴趣，因为蚂蚁会为自己的殖民地牺牲自己，他提出了一个理论，证实了在广泛的物种中存在利他行为。分析句子可知，空格处为非谓语动词，和它的逻辑主语之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填confirming。
68．his 69．results 70．in 71．that
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了自律对每个人来说都是必要的。它展示了一个人的性格，并帮助他与他周围的人建立关系。它还有助于充分利用可用的时间。自律是有益的。日常生活中的小改变都有助于实现自律。
68．考查代词。句意：自律对每个人来说都是必要的，无论他的年龄、阶级或职业。修饰名词age，class or profession用形容词性物主代词作定语，故填his。
69．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这导致提高生产力和增长效率。分析句子可知，result in作谓语，文章讲述事实用一般现在时，主语this是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填results。
70．考查介词。句意：自律的人总是受到社会的尊重。in society“在社会上”，是固定短语，根据句意，故填in。
71．考查主语从句。句意：据证明，日常生活中的小改变，比如每天在同一时间睡觉和起床，吃健康的食物，锻炼和设定目标，都有助于实现自律。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，it是形式主语，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that引导主语从句，故填that。
72．to celebrate 73．is held 74．which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了联合国的语言日。联合国汉语日是在每年的4月20日。
72．考查非谓语动词。句意：联合国的语言日旨在庆祝文化多样性，促进官方语言的平等使用。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：seek to do sth意为“企图、试图干某事”。故填to celebrate。
73．考查主谓一致和语态。句意：汉语是联合国选定的六种官方语言之一，每年的4月20日为“联合国汉语日”。分析句子结构可知，本句是and连接的并列句，后句缺少谓语动词，所以hold做本句谓语，和主语UN Chinese Language Day之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，根据标志词every year可知，应该用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故填is held。
74．考查定语从句关系词。句意：这一天选自谷雨，是24节气中的第6个节气。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，现行词是Guyu，指物，应该用which引导。故填which。
75．won 76．called 77．fully
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了莎伦·布朗于2021年获得了女性创新奖。
75．考查动词时态。句意：莎伦·布朗于2021年获得了女性创新奖，因为她开发了一种血液测试，可以帮助更快、更准确地识别癌症。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以win做本句谓语，和主语Sharon Brown之间是主动关系，根据时间状语in 2021可知应该用一般过去时。故填won。
76．考查非谓语动词。句意：该奖项是由一个名为Innovate UK的组织为庆祝国际妇女节而颁发的。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语was given，所以call应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是organisation，两者间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填called。
77．考查副词。句意：该奖项旨在支持杰出女性充分实现自己的愿景，并在未来改变世界。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词achieve，所以应该用副词作状语，full的副词形式是fully。故填fully。2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编
阅读理解B篇
一、阅读理解
Orly Wahba is an educator, speaker, entrepreneur (企业家), author and community activist passionate about inspiring and motivating people to be the best that they can be.
As a young child, listening repeatedly to the song, “Heal the World” by Michael Jackson, Orly knew that she wanted to leave her mark and she wanted more than anything to bring people together under the name of peace, respect, and love. Since her teenage years, Orly has worked extensively with tweens and teens as well as local charities in her community providing a helping hand for those who need it most.
Orly began her career in kindness as a middle school educator at the Yeshivah of Flatbush in Brooklyn, NY, teaching the children to use the power they have to influence the world for good. With 8,000 cards, she started a wave of pay-it-forward kindness. Each card contained an act of kindness that once completed, would be passed onto another person. Her project succeeded, enhancing the lives of her students and raising their sense of self-worth as they saw their direct hand in causing a ripple (涟漪) effect. Even now, people may encounter Orly giving out her famed Acts of Kindness Cards on the subway.
Desiring to make a larger impact with her beneficent work and after having been inspired by a small sign on a plane labeled “Life Vest Inside”, Orly founded (2011) Life Vest Inside, a non-profit organization with a mission to encourage people to embrace (拥抱) the incredible power of giving and recognize that in times of hardship, kindness, like a life vest, keeps the world afloat (漂浮).
LVI shot to national attention when Orly’s short film Kindness Boomerang went viral, receiving more than 100 million views and coverage in media such as The TODAY Show, NBC, CBS, ADWEEK, International Business Times and more. In 2013 Orly was invited to speak at TED．
The magic that Orly spreads is undeniable! Through LVI, kind happenings are becoming more frequent. And more people are experiencing the addictiveness in the giving of kindness.
1．How did the song “Heal the World” influence Orly
A．She wanted to become an entrepreneur.
B．She decided to make a difference to the world.
C．She managed to raise money for local charities.
D．She started to work for a peace organization.
2．The Act of Kindness Cards project ______.
A．teaches people to play cards
B．remains a campus campaign
C．uses the power of an educator
D．encourages people to pass kindness
3．What inspired Orly to establish “Life Vest Inside”
A．A small sign on a plane.
B．A non-profit organization.
C．A life vest in a flight accident.
D．A sudden recognition of hardship.
4．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A．More people become addictive to magic.
B．Orly achieves amazing success in film career.
C．More people are inspired to show kindness to others.
D．Orly receives international awards for her contribution.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了主人公Orly通过自己的行动创建了爱心组织，从而影响他人和整个世界。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As a young child, listening repeatedly to the song, “Heal the World” by Michael Jackson, Orly knew that she wanted to leave her mark and she wanted more than anything to bring people together under the name of peace, respect, and love. (小时候，反复听迈克尔·杰克逊的《Heal the World》这首歌，Orly知道她想留下自己的印记，她最想要的是以和平、尊重和爱的名义把人们团结在一起。)”可知，Orly深受《Heal the World》这首歌的影响，让她知道自己决定改变世界。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“With 8,000 cards, she started a wave of pay-it-forward kindness. Each card contained an act of kindness that once completed, would be passed onto another person. (有了8000张卡片，她掀起了一股“传递爱心”的浪潮。每张卡片都包含一个善举，一旦完成，就会传递给另一个人。)”可知，善举卡片项目的目的是鼓励人们传递善意。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Desiring to make a larger impact with her beneficent work and after having been inspired by a small sign on a plane labeled ‘Life Vest Inside’, Orly founded (2011) Life Vest Inside (Orly希望通过她的慈善工作产生更大的影响，并受到飞机上一个写着“Life Vest Inside”的小标志的启发，创办了Life Vest Inside(2011)。)”可知，飞机上的一个小标签启发她创建了该组织。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The magic that Orly spreads is undeniable! Through LVI, kind happenings are becoming more frequent. And more people are experiencing the addictiveness in the giving of kindness.(Orly传播的魔力是不可否认的！通过LVI，善意的事情变得越来越频繁。越来越多的人正在经历对给予善意的上瘾。)”可知，在Orly的鼓舞下，越来越多的人愿意向他人展示和表达善意。故选C。
As a Ph. D．student in a new country, lockdown and homesickness combined to leave me feeling lonely and desperate to meet people. To find the connections I was missing, I searched for opportunities that would involve teamwork as a volunteer on the Internet. A position matching graduate students with jobs drew my attention. It needed someone who would lead teams of graduate student volunteers to help bring in industry partners, and work with the university administration and student applicants. The chances to interact with all these different groups were appealing. I had no relevant experience and worried a disturbance to my study, but I still decided I might as well go for it and apply.
The first few weeks in my new role were challenging. Along with my routine study, I was suddenly managing a team of four volunteers and meetings with industry professionals. At first, I was nervous in meetings with them, feeling I wasn’t prepared enough. But as I gained experience, the interactions became truly enjoyable and rewarding. Sometimes the conversations went beyond regular business to touch on career paths, personal challenges, and more. I began to enjoy the daily mix of activities.
I also learned about leadership. At the start, things seemed to go well until one of my team members told me I wasn’t including her fully in decision-making. I was upset; didn’t she trust my leadership But after I calmed down, I saw that maybe she had a point. So I began to ask team members to lead some of our meetings and encouraged them to express their views. This new approach allowed us to meet our targets while helping everyone feel more content and connected—as colleagues, but also as friends.
Beyond building relationships and skills, this experience expanded my horizons about my own professional future. Before I joined, I had only been exposed to academic career paths, and I assumed that was my future. Now I’ve realized I particularly enjoy feeling part of a team and affecting the lives of others. As I get closer to completing my Ph. D．, I’m approaching job searches with a good idea of what I want.
5．What made the author decide to apply for the volunteer work
A．The relevance to her study. B．The longing for a family.
C．The desire for social contact. D．The previous work experience.
6．What can we learn about the author’s volunteer work
A．It drives her away from her study. B．It teaches her how to conduct business.
C．It allows her to adjust her attitude to life and career. D．It helps her identify the professional paths.
7．From the passage, we can learn that the author is ________.
A．open to new challenges B．proud of academic success
C．brave to overcome prejudice D．demanding of group members
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在异国读博生涯中，勇于挑战自己，尝试从未做过的工作，最终丰富了自己的阅历，开阔了自己的视野。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第第一句和第二句“As a Ph. D. student in a new country, lockdown and homesickness combined to leave me feeling lonely and desperate to meet people. To find the connections I was missing, I searched for opportunities that would involve teamwork as a volunteer on the Internet.”（在异国他乡攻读博士，疫情封控和思乡之情使我感觉非常孤独，迫切想要和人们取得联系。为了找寻我缺失的联系，我在网上寻找可以作为志愿者参与团队合作的机会。）可知，疫情封控和身处异乡使得作者与社会脱节，他为了重新与社会获得联系，他决定申请志愿者工作。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句第三句“Now I’ve realized I particularly enjoy feeling part of a team and affecting the lives of others. As I get closer to completing my Ph. D., I’m approaching job searches with a good idea of what I want. ”（现在我意识到我特别喜欢成为一个团队的一员，并影响他人的生活。随着我离完成博士学位越来越近，我在寻找工作时对自己想要的东西有了一个清晰的想法。）说明作者做了这份工作后，对待职业的态度发生很大的变化，对自己的职业定位更清楚了，因此推断志愿者工作帮助作者确定了自己的职业道路。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“I had no relevant experience and worried a disturbance to my study, but I still decided I might as well go for it and apply.”（我没有相关的经验，也担心会干扰自己的学习，但我还是决定去试一下。）说明作者没有害怕未知的工作，结合第三段第一句“I also learned about leadership.”（我也学到了领导力。）说明作者勇于尝试新鲜事物，乐于学习，证明作者是一个勇于接受挑战的人。故选A项。
The first essay I wrote for my history of English class was perfect, at least from my perspective. I had worked on it constantly and couldn’t wait to get my grade back. I handed it in with pride.
Two weeks later, I received my grade: a D．The pages were covered in red writing, pointing out errors. There must have been a mistake.
University started later for me than most. The opportunity wasn’t available when I was younger—too many kids in our family and too little money. But I never stopped wondering what university would have been like. I was in my 40s when I sent in my application and as a part-time student, I will be in my 60s before I’m finished. That’s my goal.
What’s it like to be the old guy in a class full of 20-year-olds It’s strange. They pretty much ignored me, and I ignored them. They also ignored each other. However, after we had more group work together, people started to communicate. Although I was an English major, some of my favorite classes were unrelated electives. Courses in art history and Greek and Roman history were fascinating. I was eager to do well.
I arranged a meeting to discuss my essay grade and arrived 10 minutes early to meet the teacher’s assistant I was ready to argue for the brilliance of my paper. However, she quickly explained to me that the paper failed to make a strong argument. The mark remained.
I kept studying and kept leaning, I learned to love two dozen writers I had never heard of before and explored types of literature I had never examined. Eventually, I learned how to write an essay in proper academic prose.
University is different when you are a senior, part-time student. If you are there to establish a career or because your parents forced you to go, there are other pressures. For me, it’s just learning. Whether I’m learning remotely or in person, it makes the world a bigger, richer place.
8．Why did the writer start university later than others
A．His application was refused. B．His teacher disliked his essay.
C．His family was not rich enough. D．His health did not meet the standard.
9．How did the writer feel after receiving the grade of his first essay
A．Surprised. B．Pleased C．Excited. D．Hopeless
10．What helped the writer in writing a proper academic essay
A．Strong curiosity. B．Constant efforts.
C．Great pressure. D．Remarkable creativity.
11．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Practice Makes Perfect
B．Not All That Shines Is Gold
C．Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way
D．Action Speaks Louder Than Words
【答案】8．C 9．A 10．B 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在40多岁的时候申请成为一名兼职学生，之后不断努力学习，终于能够写出一篇合适的学术论文的故事。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段的“University started later for me than most. The opportunity wasn’t available when I was younger—too many kids in our family and too little money.(我上大学比大多数人都晚。在我年轻的时候，没有这样的机会——家里孩子太多，钱太少。)”可知，作者上大学比其他人晚是因为他的家庭不够富裕。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段的“The pages were covered in red writing, pointing out errors. There must have been a mistake.(纸上用红色字体标出错误。一定是弄错了。)”可知，作者在收到第一篇作文的分数后觉得惊讶，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“I kept studying and kept leaning, I learned to love two dozen writers I had never heard of before and explored types of literature I had never examined. Eventually, I learned how to write an essay in proper academic prose.(我不断地学习，不断地学习，我爱上了二十几位我从未听说过的作家，探索了我从未研究过的文学类型。最终，我学会了如何用正确的学术散文写一篇文章。)”可知，不断的努力帮助作者写出一篇合适的学术论文。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“I kept studying and kept leaning, I learned to love two dozen writers I had never heard of before and explored types of literature I had never examined. Eventually, I learned how to write an essay in proper academic prose.(我不断地学习，不断地学习，我爱上了二十几位我从未听说过的作家，探索了我从未研究过的文学类型。最终，我学会了如何用正确的学术散文写一篇文章。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者在40多岁的时候申请成为一名兼职学生，之后不断努力学习，终于能够写出一篇合适的学术论文的故事，说明了“有志者事竟成”这个道理，因此最好的题目是C选项“Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way(有志者事竟成)”，故选C。
Influenced by her family, Xu started to learn the craft of making Chinese knots at home, but didn’t expect the pastime to change her life at first. Xu became a city-level inheritor of this provincial-level intangible cultural heritage in 2009, and has been devoted to developing the craft since then.
As a fan of photography, she often took photos of dragonflies, butterflies and flowers around a lake not far from her home, then she made knots resembling them, and posted the photos on a website. That attracted the attention of some people.
As an advertising design major, she makes innovated knots based on her knowledge of design, and can use various threads to make small, exquisite designs. She has created many series of works based on traditional Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.
“Showing Chinese culture through traditional Chinese crafts—that is the original aspiration for me as an inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage,” says Xu. She has made more than 3,000 designs, and even opened two offline branch stores. Her products include decorations of different sizes that can be put on walls, car ornaments, cellphone chains and jewelry. “I believe our intangible cultural heritage can be better developed and passed down when it meets people’s needs in daily life,” says Xu.
Chen, an online follower, has been teaching how to make knots in the United Arab Emirates. “Influenced by Xu’s work, I learn the craft to cultivate my temperament, and I also teach children to better understand Chinese culture,” says Chen. “Chinese culture is popular in the UAE, and I often make some knots with Chinese elements for local people as gifts.”
Xu has also been generous in helping others. She taught this art to workers who lost their jobs in her hometown, allowing them to master a skill from which they could earn an income. Students and people with disabilities were also beneficiaries. Indeed, more than 20 people with disabilities now actually work for her.
Despite the success of her career, Xu says working on the craft has benefited her more in a spiritual way. “Tying knots requires concentration, and you must not be distracted during the process. It has trained me to deal with matters in a calm, peaceful and rational way,” says Xu. “I believe the life of one person is short, and you have the right to decide how to spend it.”
12．With the knowledge of design, Xu can ________.
A．post plenty of attractive photos on the website
B．draw the Peking Opera characters more vividly
C．make many creative knots related to Chinese culture
D．take many professional photos of animals and flowers
13．What can we learn about Xu
A．She plans to open more offline branch stores abroad.
B．She designs products with a focus on people’s everyday needs.
C．She is well-known for teaching how to make knots in the UAE.
D．She wants to help disabled students improve their concentration.
14．According to the passage, which of the following words can best describe Xu
A．Honest and easy-going. B．Modest and strong-willed.
C．Humorous and hard-working. D．Innovative and kind-hearted.
15．Which would be the best title for this passage
A．Traditional Chinese Crafts Go Global
B．Chinese Knot-making, a Skill Not to be Ignored
C．Traditional Chinese Culture Becomes Fashionable
D．Chinese Knot-making, a Chance for the Unemployed
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．D 15．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了从小受家庭影响的徐，在家制作中国结，并根据自己拍摄的照片编制中国结获得大众喜爱，同时利用自己的广告设计专业优势进行创新，弘扬中国传统文化，成为非物质文化遗产继承人，帮助同乡的故事。
12．细节理解题。由文章第三段“As an advertising design major, she makes innovated knots based on her knowledge of design, and can use various threads to make small, exquisite designs. She has created many series of works based on traditional Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.”（作为一名广告设计专业的学生，她根据自己的设计知识，制作了创新的结，并能利用各种线制作出精美的小图案。她创作了许多基于中国传统文化的作品，如节日、茶和京剧人物。）可知，徐利用设计知识可以制作和中国传统文化相关的创意中国结。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。由文章第四段后两句“Her products include decorations of different sizes that can be put on walls, car ornaments, cellphone chains and jewelry. “I believe our intangible cultural heritage can be better developed and passed down when it meets people’s needs in daily life,” says Xu.”（她的产品包括可以挂在墙上的不同大小的装饰品、汽车装饰品、手机链和珠宝。他说：“我相信，非物质文化遗产在满足人们日常生活需要的时候，才能得到更好的发展和传承。”）可知，她设计产品的重点是人们的日常需求。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。由文章第三段最后一句“She has created many series of works based on traditional Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.”（她创作了许多基于中国传统文化的作品，如节日、茶和京剧人物。）可知，徐是一个有创造力的人。由文章倒数第二段的首句“Xu has also been generous in helping others.”（徐一直慷慨地帮助他人。）可知，徐是一位热心的人。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。文章讲述徐先生因为中国结去的事业上的成就，，中国结在阿联酋得到欢迎，以及徐先生教授一些弱势群体通过中国结过得收入。可以推知本篇文章主要突显中国结这项技艺十分重要，应该得以继续传承。结合选项。B选项：中国结制作，一项不容忽视的技能。符合文章的总结概括。故选B。
It was a week after my mom had passed away and I didn’t know how to go on with life. So when I received an email from a friend about a race benefiting cancer research, I ignored it. It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me.
But something about my friend’s words—“I can help organize the whole thing”—stuck with me. I felt obliged（有义务的）to agree. In the weeks to come, I managed to re-enter the world of the living. I checked our team’s website daily, feeling proud each time a donation ticked up our total. I knew my mom would have wanted it that way. She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by.
When the race ended, I noticed the runners all had one thing in common: There were big smiles on their faces. They made it look so rewarding and effortless. I wanted in.
So I enrolled in another race two months later. Considering I could barely run a mile, it was ambitious. But my friend and I made a training plan so I wouldn’t come in last. I followed it religiously and didn’t let anything get in my way.
Running up and down the city’s hills, I was flooded with memories. I had lived there after college and my mother had visited often. I passed Bloomingdale’s, recalling the time she and I had gotten into a screaming argument there.
I was about to beat myself up when I remembered what Mom had said after her diagnosis of cancer. “I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.” Her paper-thin hands had held me tightly. A weight lifted from my shoulders.
When the race day arrived, I gave it my all for my mom and for all she had taught me and continued to teach me. As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on.
Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace.
16．Why did the author ignore the email in the beginning
A．She felt it hard to finish the race.
B．She had no time to join in the event.
C．She thought the research meaningless.
D．She was reminded of her mother’s death.
17．What mainly helped the author recover from her mom’s death
A．The company of her friends. B．The inspiration from her mom.
C．The pleasure in going for a run. D．The success in organizing an event.
18．Which of the words can best describe the author’s mom
A．Considerate and polite. B．Brave and humorous.
C．Strong-willed and caring. D．Outgoing and patient.
19．What might be the best title for the passage
A．How I Got Healed in Running B．The Loss of Sweet Memories
C．What Matters Most in Running D．The Rewards of Great Friendship
【答案】16．D 17．B 18．C 19．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者母亲去世之后，作者对母亲的回忆及母亲赐予作者的力量，使他能够从悲伤中走出来，积极面对生活。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me.”（这件事似乎刺痛了我的心，正是癌症夺去了我母亲的生命。）可知这个比赛使作者想起了因癌症过世的母亲。故选D项。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by.”（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。正是这种精神帮助我度过那段艰难的时期。）可知，母亲永不言败的精神支撑作者从悲伤中恢复。故选B项。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段第六句“She was the type who never got defeated. ”（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。）可知作者的母亲意志力坚强，并结合第六段第二句“I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.”（我不希望你对任何事情感到内疚。）说明母亲关心爱护作者。所以作者母亲是一个意志坚强，又体贴的人。故选C项。
19．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第二句“As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on. Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace.”（在赛跑的时候，每当我想慢下来的时候，就会看到母亲鼓励我的画面。通过终点线时，我内心充满了她的关爱和一种平和感。）并结合上文作者对母亲的回忆，可知母亲治愈了作者，正是母亲的鼓励，他才能完成比赛。故选A项。
It’s the green wall of her school swimming pool that Jill Craven remembers best, as she felt her teacher’s hand on her head, guiding her underwater. “You know how time slows Going under. Watching ...” she says.
This was in Palmerston North, when she was five. While her three older siblings could swim half a mile or more, she would do anything to avoid swimming lessons. In her 20s, she moved to London to pursue a career in journalism. She insisted she had never feared for her career, but she still had this lifelong fear of being underwater.
However, when she retired, Craven was diagnosed with breast cancer, and was advised to swim as part of her recovery. Still finding the fear undefeatable, she took up water jogging instead-like treading water (踩水), but moving-with a floatation aid around her middle. She could get her feet of the bottom of the pool for a quick doggy paddle, but anything more was beyond her.
One day at the pool, she saw a group of children having a lesson. It was an indoor pool, nice and warm, and the children were five or six. “I just thought, it’s time to do this,” she says. “Who knows what I looked like. An egg beater,” she continues. “I did five strokes, or six. I was so proud of myself”. Then a lifeguard encouraged her to continue and told her how to breathe. A friend gave her goggles. Her niece Justine walked beside the pool clapping, and Craven felt as if she had won a gold medal. Justine bought Craven lessons for her 69th birthday. Before long, Craven had swum a length with her face in the water.
When her instructor told her to sit on the bottom of the pool, Craven felt like going back to being a five-year-old. She hung on to the stairs as she went down. But she did it! She stayed there for a few seconds!
Now Craven swims twice a week: five lengths, sometimes 10, with a rest after each. “I just think you need to do things if you can. If you can, you must.” she says.
20．Why did Craven choose water jogging instead of swimming
A．She hated losing face.
B．She liked treading water.
C．She was afraid to swim.
D．She was fond of floating.
21．What inspired Craven to try swimming again
A．The sight of kids learning swimming.
B．The support of her niece Justine.
C．The encouragement from a lifeguard.
D．The doctor’s advice on her recovery.
22．What is the passage trying to tell us
A．Once bitten, twice shy.
B．You can never teach an old dog new tricks.
C．Practice makes perfect.
D．Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
【答案】20．C 21．A 22．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Craven从最初害怕游泳到退休后的一天看到一群小孩学游泳，最终激励了她去游泳的故事。这个故事证明了世上无难事，只怕有心人的道理。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段中“She insisted she had never feared for her career, but she still had this lifelong fear of being underwater.”（她坚称自己从未担心过自己的职业生涯，但她一生都害怕被水淹没。）第三段中“Craven was diagnosed with breast cancer, and was advised to swim as part of her recovery. Still finding the fear undefeatable, she took up water jogging instead”（Craven被诊断出患有乳腺癌，作为康复的一部分，医生建议她去游泳。她仍然觉得恐惧是无法战胜的，于是开始了水上慢跑。）可知，Craven选择水上慢跑而不是游泳是因为她害怕被水淹没，即她害怕游泳。故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“One day at the pool, she saw a group of children having a lesson. It was an indoor pool, nice and warm, and the children were five or six. “I just thought, it’s time to do this,” she says. ”（一天在游泳池，她看见一群孩子在上课。那是一个室内游泳池，温暖舒适，孩子们只有五六岁。“我只是想，是时候这么做了,”她说。）可知，是因为有一天她看到了一群小孩在上游泳课，激励了她去游泳。故选A。
22．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了Craven从最初害怕游泳到退休后的一天看到一群小孩学游泳，最终激励了她去游泳的故事。所以这个故事证明了世上无难事，只怕有心人的道理。选项A.“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。”；选项B.“朽木不可雕也”；选项C.“熟能生巧”，故选D。
A few days ago, my husband, Russ, and I lost our house of 28 years to a California wild fire.
On that night, we had to leave our house and sleep in the back seat of our Ford. The next morning, we had to drive three and a half hours to find a hotel that had an available room. Only later, in the local newspaper, did we see photographs of the destruction. Our house had been consumed by the fire along with most of our neighborhood.
How are we going to rebuild after this I thought, rounding a corner in the sidewalk on my walk back to the hotel. Is it even possible
I noticed something up ahead—a pair of nickels, shining like precious jewels. They were just nickels, but they somehow felt special. I bent down and picked them up. If these were lucky coins, I could use all the luck I could get.
A few days later, I made a trip to the store to buy essentials. The enormous task of replacing everything we’d lost put a heavy weight on me. I was about to leave when I felt the urge to stop and turn my head to the right. I could hardly believe it—there on nickela shelf, was a nickel! Okay, maybe this is more than luck, I thought and put the nickel in my pocket.
I told myself that I had found the nickels just by chance. Then I found one next to my plate at a restaurant—on Thanksgiving, no less, when I was missing our house more than ever. It seemed that a nickel appeared whenever my spirits plummeted.
Whenever I reached my breaking point, I’d find another nickel. In the grass at the park, or near the tire of my car in a parking lot. Once, my change for a quick lunch was given entirely in nickels. “I’m sorry,” the cashier said. “It’s all we have.”
It’s all I needed!
One day, I was sitting at the desk when my phone rang. It was a real-estate agent I’d been working with.
“I have a new listing,” she said.
“When can we see it ”
A few hours later, Russ and I were following the agent down the driveway toward the house.
I didn’t think long. Because there, in the driveway, …
23．After the wild fire, the couple ________.
A．lived in their car for one night
B．took some photos of the destruction
C．could hardly afford their Thanksgiving dinner
D．saved precious items from the burned down house
24．What does the underlined word “plummeted” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A．Remained. B．Changed. C．Strengthened. D．Sank.
25．What did the found nickels mean to the author
A．Luck for the foreseeable future.
B．Hope during challenging times.
C．Signs of a huge fortune to come.
D．Reminders of what had happened.
26．Which would be the best ending for the passage
A．I spotted a flash of silver in the sun, two nickels, both heads up.
B．I found an old nickel, which seemed to tell a story from the past.
C．I saw a mysterious locked box, and thought perhaps it was full of nickels.
D．I looked up and imagined something on a cloud, a giant nickel, just for me.
【答案】23．A 24．D 25．B 26．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者住了28年的房子被大火摧毁，住在外面的酒店。偶然捡到2枚镍币，后来作者发现每当她精神一落千丈时就会出现镍币的故事。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“On that night, we had to leave our house and sleep in the back seat of our Ford.(那天晚上，我们不得不离开家，睡在福特的后座上。)”可知，野火过后，他们是在车上过了一夜。故选A。
24．词义猜测题。根据文章第七段中“Whenever I reached my breaking point, I’d find another nickel.(每当我达到临界点时，我就会发现另一个镍。)和“Then I found one next to my plate at a restaurant—on Thanksgiving, no less, when I was missing our house more than ever”（感恩节那天，我在一家餐馆的盘子旁边发现了一个，我比以往任何时候都更想念我们的房子。）”推断可知，每次有低落情绪（通过想家情节推出）时，就会出现镍币。划线单词plummeted大意为心情低落，心凉。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第四段“If these were lucky coins, I could use all the luck I could get.(如果这些是幸运币，我可以用我能得到的所有运气。)”以及下文作者收到房产中介电话要带她去看房子，可以看出作者捡到硬币对作者来说是困难时期的希望。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据文章中作者总是在她心情低落时捡到镍币可以推测，接下来作者可能在车道上，户外阳光下看到了2枚镍币，这和第四段“I noticed something up ahead—a pair of nickels, shining like precious jewels.(我注意到前方有东西——一对镍币，像珍贵的珠宝一样闪闪发光。)”第一次发现镍币的情节前后呼应。故选A。
Ever since I was a young boy, I’ve had a taste for adventure, but I never imagined this would lead to my chosen career.
My work as an expedition doctor has taken me all over the world, from mosquito-infested wet land in Africa to the untouched wilderness of Antarctica. However, my favourite trips, and the ones in which I now specialize, are those involving mountains. Never do I feel more inspired by nature than when I look up at their towering peaks and begin to prepare myself mentally for the challenges ahead.
I trained as a doctor in the UK, but there was little in that training to prepare me to deal with a broken leg during a storm on the side of a mountain! In fact, I’d say that medical skills come some way down the list of job requirements, after stamina (耐力), problem-solving and communication.
This kind of medicine million miles away from the controlled, clean environment of a hospital, and your medical kit basically consists of whatever you can carry, so you sometimes have to use whatever is available. For example, I’ve learned that some drugs can be used for several conditions, and I’ve even had to cut branches off a small tree to make a piece of wood to support a broken arm.
Now I do most of my work for adventure holiday companies, travelling to remote places. When I started out, these holidays were quite rare，but they have become much more mainstream now that we’ve all seen celebrities climbing Kilimanjaro or watched reality shows about people exploring jungles.
I do have mixed feelings about all these people with large amounts of income coming to poor areas just for their own enjoyment, so I try to make sure that the companies I work for have high moral standards and bring advantages to the local communities. And of course, tourism provides employment, and also opens the eyes of visitors to the hardship that many people are forced to go through.
27．What made the author choose his career
A．His love of nature. B．His desire for adventure.
C．His talent for medicine. D．His sense of responsibility.
28．What is the biggest challenge for the author during the trips
A．Reducing potential risks. B．Surviving in the wild.
C．Adapting to local customs. D．Dealing with emergencies.
29．According to the author, the companies he now works for should .
A．satisfy tourists and make profits
B．offer tourists challenges and security
C．benefit local people as well as tourists
D．build tourists’ mental and physical well-being
【答案】27．B 28．D 29．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者的职业经历。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段“Ever since I was a young boy, I’ve had a taste for adventure, but I never imagined this would lead to my chosen career.”（从我还是个小男孩开始，我就喜欢冒险，但我从未想过这会导致我选择的职业。）可知，对冒险的渴望使得作者选择了他的职业。故选B项。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段“I trained as a doctor in the UK, but there was little in that training to prepare me to deal with a broken leg during a storm on the side of a mountain! In fact, I’d say that medical skills come some way down the list of job requirements, after stamina (耐力), problem-solving and communication.”（我曾在英国接受过医生培训，但在那次培训中，我几乎没有做什么准备，以应对在山边暴风雨中折断的腿！事实上，我想说的是，医疗技能在工作要求列表中排在了耐力、解决问题和沟通之后）根据第四段“This kind of medicine million miles away from the controlled, clean environment of a hospital, and your medical kit basically consists of whatever you can carry, so you sometimes have to use whatever is available.”（这种药物远离医院可控的，干净的环境，你的医疗包基本上包括你能携带的任何东西，所以你有时不得不使用任何可用的东西。）可知，作者在旅行中面临的最大挑战是处理紧急情况。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。根据最后一段“so I try to make sure that the companies I work for have high moral standards and bring advantages to the local communities. And of course, tourism provides employment, and also opens the eyes of visitors to the hardship that many people are forced to go through.”（所以我努力确保我工作的公司具有高道德标准，并为当地社区带来优势。当然，旅游业提供了就业机会，也让游客看到了许多人被迫经历的艰难）可知，根据作者的说法，他现在供职的公司应该会让当地人和游客受益。故选C项。2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编
阅读理解C篇
一、阅读理解
（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）For astronomers who are sighted, the Universe is full of visual wonders. From shimmering planets to shinning galaxies(星系), the universe is impressively beautiful. But those who are visually impaired cannot share that experience. So astronomers have been developing alternative ways to convey(传递)scientific information.
Recently, the journal Nature Astronomy published the latest in a series of articles on the use of sonification in astronomy. Sonification describes the change of data into digital audio(声音)files, which allows them to be heard, as well as read and seen.
In August, Kimberly Arcand, a data-visualization expert and science communicator at the Center for Astrophysics and others transformed some of the first images of the black hole at the centre of the Perseus cluster from the James Webb Space Telescope into sound. They worked under the guidance of people who are blind to map the intensity and colours of light in the headline-grabbing pictures into audio. The sonification of an image of gas and dust in a distant nebula(星云), for instance, uses loud high-frequency sounds to represent bright light near the top of the image, but lower-frequency loud sounds to represent bright light near the image’s centre. The black hole sonification translates data on sound waves travelling through space-created by the black hole’s impact on the hot gas that surrounds it-into the range of human hearing.
Scientists in other fields have also experimented with data sonification. Some have explored whether it can help with discovering Alzheimer’s disease from brain scans. Sound has even been used to describe ecological shifts caused by climate change in an Alaskan forest, with researchers assigning various musical instruments to different tree species.
In the long run, such approaches need to be strictly evaluated to determine what they can offer that other techniques cannot. For all the technical accuracy displayed in individual projects, the Nature Astronomy series points out that there are no universally accepted standards for sonifying scientific data, and little published work that evaluates its effectiveness.
1．What does the underlined word “impaired” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean
A．Appealing. B．Damaged. C．Directed. D．Impressive.
2．The examples in Paragraph 4 are intended to ______.
A．show the widespread use of sonification
B．introduce the common process of sonification
C．provide people with the cure for particular diseases
D．improve the application of sonification to more fields
3．As for sonification, which would the author agree with
A．The use of sonification helps to analyze data effectively.
B．The standardization of sonification has yet to be achieved.
C．Sonification can transform some data that other techniques cannot.
D．Lower-frequency sounds show bright light near the top of the image.
（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）Finland was known as a rather quiet country. Since 2008, the Country Brand Delegation (国家品牌代表团) has been looking for a national brand that would make some noise to market the country as a world-famous tourist destination. In 2010, the Delegation issued a “Country Brand Report,” which highlighted a host of marketable themes, including Finland’s famous educational system. One key theme was brand new: silence. As the report explained, modern society often seems intolerably loud and busy. “Silence is a resource,” it said.
Silence first appeared in scientific research as a control or baseline, against which scientists compare the effects of noise or music. Researchers have mainly studied it by accident, as physician Luciano Bernardi did in his study of the physiological (生理学) effects of music. “We didn’t think about the effect of silence,” he said. Bernardi observed two dozen test subjects while they listened to six musical tracks. He found that the impacts of music could be read directly in the bloodstream, via changes in blood pressure, carbon dioxide, and circulation in the brain. “During almost all sorts of music, there was a physiological change with a condition of arousal (兴奋),” he explained.
This effect made sense, given that active listening requires attention. But the more striking finding appeared between musical tracks. Bernardi and his colleagues discovered that randomly added stretches of silence also had a great effect, but in the opposite direction. In fact, two-minute silent pauses proved far more relaxing than either “relaxing” music or a longer silence played before the experiment started. The blank pauses that Bernardi had considered irrelevant, in other words, became the most interesting object of study. Silence seemed to be heightened by contrasts, maybe because it gave test subjects a release from careful attention. “Perhaps the arousal is something that concentrates the mind in one direction, so that when there is nothing more arousing, then you have deeper relaxation,” he said.
This finding is reinforced by neurological (神经系统的) research. Relevant research shows when our brains rest quietly, they integrate external and internal information into “a conscious (意识的) workspace.” Freedom from noise and goal-directed tasks, it appears, unites the quiet without and within, allowing our conscious workspace to do its thing to discover where we fit in.
Noora Vikman, a consultant on silence for Finland’s marketers, knows silence well. Living in a remote and quiet place in Finland, she discovers thoughts and feelings that aren’t detectable in her busy daily life. “If you want to know yourself, you have to be with yourself, and discuss with yourself, and be able to talk with yourself.”
4．Why does the author mention the Country Brand Report in Paragraph 1
A．To present how Finland viewed silence.
B．To highlight the need of noise in Finland.
C．To explain why Finland issued the brands.
D．To indicate the authority of the Delegation.
5．What can be inferred about Luciano Bernardi’s discovery
A．It challenged the calming effect of music.
B．It emphasized the role of silence between sounds.
C．It illustrated the loss of attentiveness after silence.
D．It stated brains’ information processing in the quiet.
6．As for Noora Vikman’s attitude to silence, the author is ________.
A．doubtful B．supportive C．disapproving D．unconcerned
7．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Silence: A Limited Resource B．Silence: A Misunderstood Tool
C．Silence: The Unexpected Power D．Silence: The Value by Contrasts
（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）NASA’s spacecraft Dart hit an asteroid (小行星) 11.3 million kilometers away at a speed, changing the asteroid’s orbit and lowered its cycle period by I5 minutes, the space organization announced on Monday.
Some said the move shows the world might now be able to prevent asteroids — the kind that made the dinosaurs extinct — from hitting the Earth. The asteroid that was controlled belonged to a double-asteroid system. It had a 160-meter diameter while the other asteroid’s diameter is over 500 meters. The bigger asteroid can be compared to the one that ended the dinosaur era 67 million years ago. A hit from an asteroid that size can cause unimaginable destruction.
However, it is too early to assert that the world has gained the ability to prevent asteroids from hitting us. The asteroid that was controlled was only 160 meters in size. Its cycle period was changed, without changing its orbit significantly. It is still not clear if the orbit of a much larger asteroid headed toward the Earth can be changed successfully.
In brief, NASA’s success in changing the course of a harmful asteroid is definitely praiseworthy, but much more needs to be done before we can say the world’s security from some unpredictable asteroid is guaranteed.
It should be noted that changing the orbit of an asteroid involves more than just sending an object into space and commanding it to hit the asteroid. While it is hard enough to hit an asteroid, it is even more difficult to lock onto one in the first place. It means having the ability to observe approaching asteroids, measuring their respective speeds, and deciding which ones might pose a danger to the Earth.
Therefore, there’s more to Dart hitting the asteroid than meets the eye. And these are key areas where global scientists need to work harder in the future.
8．What was the latest news about NASA
A．Its new program failed.
B．Its manned spaceship hit an asteroid.
C．Its spacecraft changed an asteroid’s orbit.
D．Its spacecraft saved the earth from being destroyed.
9．What does the underlined word “assert” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．Advise. B．State. C．Promise. D．Admit.
10．What can we learn about the asteroid that was hit
A．It was comparatively small in size.
B．Its orbit was changed significantly.
C．It travelled at a higher speed than before.
D．It was powerful enough to end dinosaur era.
11．What is the author’s attitude toward using spacecrafts to change the asteroids orbits
A．Neutral. B．Optimistic.
C．Pessimistic. D．Not mentioned.
（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）With the development of technology, “paperless” seems to be the new trend. Instead of writing by hand, people began to use computers to type in order to produce text quickly. Some people said word processing made producing and editing text much easier. Will handwriting be completely replaced by typing
A 2017 study in the journal Frontiers in Psychology found that regions of the brain associated with learning were more active when subjects completed a task by hand instead of on a keyboard. Not only that, but the study’s authors also found that writing by hand could promote “deep encoding or processing” in a way that typing does not.
In fact, there have been many such studies to arrive at that conclusion. One notable example from 2014 compared students who took notes by hand with those who took notes on laptops. They found that the students using laptops tended to write down what the professor said word for word, while those who took notes by hand were more likely to listen to what was being said, analyzing it for important content and “processing information and reframing it in their own words.” When asked conceptual questions about the lecture, students who had taken notes by hand were better able to answer than those who had typed their notes.
Daniel Oppenheimer, one of the study’s co-authors, told Medium’s Elemental that in order to analyze the lecture, people had to contemplate the material and actually understand the arguments. This helped them learn the material better. The most annoying thing about writing by hand is also what makes it so effective for learning.
Virginia Berninger, a professor at the University of Washington, says, “When we write a letter of the alphabet, the process of production involves pathways in the brain that go near or through parts that manage emotion.” Pressing a key doesn’t stimulate those pathways the same way. She says, “It’s possible that there’s not the same connection to the emotional part of the brain when people type, as opposed to writing in longhand.” “In the same vein, writing in longhand also allows people to really figure out what they mean to say,” Oppenheimer says, “which may help self-expression.”
Our keyboards are great for a lot of things. But sometimes, there’s no replacing the feeling of spreading out a clean sheet of paper, uncapping a beloved pen, and letting the ink flow.
12．The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A．predict the ending B．introduce the topic
C．emphasize an opinion D．draw a conclusion
13．What can be inferred from the passage
A．People who write by hand tend to think deeply.
B．People who write by hand are likely to make comparisons.
C．People who write by hand slow down their learning process.
D．People who write by hand find it difficult to improve their memory.
14．As for handwriting, the author thinks it is ________.
A．accurate B．unimportant C．annoying D．beneficial
（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉)and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah(草原).
Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave.
Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate(深思熟虑)over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.
However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes, the temptation(诱惑)to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one.
When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning Above all, is it worth delaying the decision Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time.
15．What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Accurate. B．Creative. C．Controllable. D．Obvious.
16．What can we learn from the passage
A．Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking.
B．Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency.
C．Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run.
D．Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions.
17．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage
A．To explain how instinct works.
B．To compare instinct and slow thinking.
C．To highlight the value of instinct in the workplace.
D．To illustrate the development of different thinking patterns.
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）A new study has found human feelings can accurately be expressed numerically and have more predictive power for how we behave than formal studies of socioeconomic factors like household income and employment status.
The study co-author Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and behavioral science gathered information from nearly 700,000 people, who were asked annually over a three-decade period how they felt on a numerical scale about their job, spouse, health and home. Using the data collected, researchers constructed statistical models to show how people felt and the actions they took as a result of their reported feelings. The study found that ratings of life satisfaction had a direct linear (线性的) relationship to actions people subsequently take. Participants who rated their job satisfaction as a 2 out of 7 had a 25% probability of quitting their job. Those who rated a 6 out of 7 had only a 10 percent probability of quitting. The same was true across other measures like marriage, health and housing.
Previous research has also shown data about feelings predict human outcomes, but not in such a linear fashion; the degree of satisfaction served as a good predictor of future actions. Additionally, economists have previously been critical of feelings data because they considered them unscientific and unreliable. But this study shows socioeconomic factors have a lesser probability of predicting human behavior than data on feelings.
Though the study shows numbers can quantify feelings, researchers are still a bit confused as to why estimates of seemingly subjective feelings can be such good predictors of future actions. According to Oswald, a number of factors could be at play. Humans are very experienced in comparative thinking and are able to scale their own life satisfaction against that of their neighbors. We’re also accustomed to using measuring devices for other aspects of life like temperature, distance and weight, so it shouldn’t be too surprising that we’re able to measure our feelings in a similarly accurate way. Another study co-author Caspar Kaiser says that it may also be because we communicate our feelings and do it in a scaled fashion every day. This could be why it comes out in the data more accurately than in objective markers.
Ori Heffetz, an economics professor who was not involved in the study, says that this research shows feelings data shouldn’t be underestimated even if they’re more difficult to study. “Scientists who ignore this do so at their own risk,” he says.
Looking ahead, Kaiser hopes this same data can be studied in lower-income countries so that it can be applied universally to places with varied levels of economic development. But more than anything else he’s interested in studying why feelings work so well.
18．Paragraph 2 is mainly about .
A．research process and findings
B．research topic and significance
C．research subjects and purpose
D．research data collection and analysis
19．What can we know about the study
A．It also applies to people from lower-income countries.
B．It challenges the opinion that feelings data are unreliable.
C．It explains why ratings of feelings can foresee future actions.
D．It first shows data about feelings can predict human behavior
20．What is Ori’s attitude towards the study
A．Neutral. B．Skeptical. C．Supportive. D．Cautious.
21．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．How You Rate Your Life Predicts Your Future Behavior
B．Feelings Forecast Actions Better than Economic Factors
C．Why Your Feelings Affect Your Future Actions
D．Ranking Every Aspect of Your Life Counts
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）Of the more than 3,000 species of mosquitoes in the world, just a small number specialize in sucking human blood. How mosquitoes track us down so effectively isn’t currently known, but it matters, since they carry dangerous diseases which may cause death.
“In fact, stopping these annoying insects in their tracks could save up to half a million lives lost to those diseases each year,” said Carolyn Gauff, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the Princeton Neuroscience Institute. That’s why Gauff’s team wants to understand how they find and target humans.
Mosquitoes mostly choose what to bite based on odor (气味). Knowing how a potentially disease-carrying mosquito finds a person, while ignoring other warm-blooded animals, is a key question. But it’s not easy to answer, since any animal smell is made up of hundreds of chemicals mixed together in specific percentage. “The actual chemicals that are found in human odor are basically the same as the chemicals found in animal odor—it’s the percentages and the relative large amount of those substances in human mixtures that’s unique,” said Gauff.
To investigate, researchers decided to record neural activity in the brain of mosquitoes while exposing them to natural human and animal odor samples. They collected odor samples from about 40 different animals. When they compared some of those with the 16 human samples, something jumped out. Decanal is particularly rich in human skin. Common in the natural world, in humans, decanal comes from another, more complex substance. When one component of our skin’s natural oils, sapienic acid, breaks down, decanal is left over. This acid is only found in human beings. It’s what likely leads to the high levels of decanal that help the mosquitoes smell their way to us.
Understanding what the mosquitoes are targeting is only part of the story; knowing how they do it is also important. To see exactly how mosquitoes use this sense, scientists used genetically modified (转基因的) mosquitoes so that they could cut open mosquitoes’ heads and watch neurons firing when they’re exposed to human and animal odors. The research team already knew that mosquitoes have about 60 different types of neurons that sense odors, so when they looked in the insects’ brains, they thought they might see a lot of activity. But it was surprisingly quiet, meaning that the signal was perhaps quite simple, down to just a couple types of neurons. “One type of neuron responded really strongly to both humans and animals. Another type of neuron responded to both—but it responded much more strongly to humans than animals,” Gauff said.
How to keep mosquitoes’ decanal signal from being transmitted will be the research team’s next focus. Gauff hoped their current work could be used to make mosquito killers and attractants to prevent disease.
22．What’s the final purpose of the research conducted by Gauff’s team
A．To study why only certain mosquitoes suck human blood.
B．To investigate the neural activity in mosquitoes’ brains.
C．To help prevent deadly diseases caused by mosquitoes.
D．To test the effectiveness of mosquito killers.
23．To which substance(s) would mosquitoes mostly be attracted
A．Natural oil from human skin.
B．Chemicals in the environment.
C．Decanal generated in human blood.
D．Remains of decomposed sapienic acid.
24．What can we learn from the passage
A．Most mosquito neurons are not involved in responding to human odor.
B．Genetically modified mosquitoes are not sensitive to human odor.
C．Further research will focus on odor signal and neural connection.
D．Chemicals found in human and animal odors are quite different.
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）Every robot is trained in some way to do a task. By seeing what to do, robots can copy the way of doing the task. But they do so unthinkingly, perhaps relying on sensors to try to reduce collision (碰撞) risks, rather than having any understanding of why they are performing the task or where they are within physical space. It means they will often make mistakes—hitting the object in their way, for instance.
Hod Lipson and his colleagues are trying to face the challenge. They placed a robot arm in a laboratory where it was surrounded by four cameras at ground level and one camera above it. These fed video images back to a deep neural(神经的) network, a form of AI, connected to the robot that monitored its movement within the space. For 3 hours, the robot arm moved randomly and the neural network was fed information about the arm' s mechanical inputs and watched how it responded by seeing where it moved to in the space. This generated nearly 8,000 data points—and the team generated an additional 10,000 through a simulation (模拟) of the robot in a virtual version of its environment.
To test how well the AI had worked, a cloud-like diagram was generated to show where the neural network “thought” the arm should be found as it moved. It was accurate to within 1 percent, meaning if the workspace was 1 metre wide, the system correctly estimated its position to within 1 centimetre. If the neural network is considered to be part of the robot itself, this suggests the robot has the ability to visualise where it physically is at any given moment.
“To me, this is the first time in the history of robotics that a robot has been able to create a mental model of itself,” says Lipson. “It’s a small step, but it’s a sign of things to come.”
Learning about the research, Andrew Hundt at the Georgia Institute of Technology says, “There is potential for further research to lead to useful applications based on this method, but not self- perception. The computer simply matches shape and motion patterns that happen to be in the shape of a robot arm that moves.” David Cameron at the University of Sheffield, UK, also says that following a specified path to complete a goal is easily achieved by existing robots.
25．Hod Lipson’s work focuses on robots .
A．flexibility B．self-awareness
C．deep-learning ability D．error correction
26．What is the function of the neural network in the experiment
A．To process and transform neural information.
B．To study and simulate AI’s virtual environment.
C．To analyse and predict the arm’s position changes.
D．To record and output the video images of the robot.
27．As for the result of the experiment, Andrew Hundt is .
A．sympathetic B．content
C．uncertain D．disapproving
28．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To discuss a scientific concept.
B．To assess a scientific finding.
C．To introduce a science application.
D．To present a science research.
参考答案
1．B 2．A 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是超声技术在实践中的应用以及当前存在的问题。
1．词义猜测题。根据前文“For astronomers who are sighted, the Universe is full of visual wonders. From shimmering planets to shinning galaxies(星系), the universe is impressively beautiful. (对于视觉正常的天文学家来说，宇宙充满了视觉奇迹。从闪烁的行星到闪耀的星系，宇宙是令人印象深刻的美丽。)”，以及划线词句中的“but”可知，本句与前句构成了转折关系，前面讲述的对于视觉正常的天文学家来说，宇宙充满了视觉奇迹，后文应该指出对于那些视力损伤的人则不能享受此经历。故划线词impaired与B选项damaged为同义词，意为“损坏”。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scientists in other fields have also experimented with data sonification.(其他领域的科学家也对数据声波化进行了试验。)”可知，本段中的例子主要阐述的是科学家对数据声波化进行的试验，表明超声波的广泛应用。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For all the technical accuracy displayed in individual projects, the Nature Astronomy series points out that there are no universally accepted standards for sonifying scientific data, and little published work that evaluates its effectiveness.(《自然-天文学》系列指出，对于个别项目中显示的所有技术精度，没有普遍接受的超声科学数据的标准，很少有发表的工作评估其有效性。)”可知，当前，还没有普遍接受的超声科学数据的标准，即超声技术的标准化还有待实现。故选B。
4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要以“安静的状态有着意想不到的力量”为话题，详细讲述了研究人员对其重要作用的研究和发现，且通过人们的真实感受强调了安静给人带来的出人意料的好处。
4．推理判断题。通读文章第一段内容可知，首句“Finland was known as a rather quiet country.(芬兰是一个相当安静的国家。)”为该段的主旨句，由此可推知，“In 2010, the Delegation issued a “Country Brand Report,” which highlighted a host of marketable themes, including Finland’s famous educational system. One key theme was brand new: silence.(2010年，代表团发布了一份“国家品牌报告”，其中突出了一系列适销对路的主题，包括芬兰著名的教育体系。一个关键主题是全新的：安静。)”中提到的关键主题为“安静”，是为该段的主旨句提供论据，突出“安静”是芬兰的主题之一，因此它的作用是通过权威发布而展示芬兰如何看待安静。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Silence seemed to be heightened by contrasts, maybe because it gave test subjects a release from careful attention. ‘Perhaps the arousal is something that concentrates the mind in one direction, so that when there is nothing more arousing, then you have deeper relaxation,’ he said.(安静似乎在对比中得到了加强，也许是因为它让测试对象从仔细的关注中得到了释放。他说：“也许这种兴奋是一种将思想集中在一个方向上的东西，所以当没有更多的兴奋时，你会有更深的放松。”)”可知，通过研究，他发现了安静作为声音间隔时对测试对象有很大的影响，与声音对比下的安静反而让人有更深的放松。由此可推知，他的发现强调了安静在声音之间的作用。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章末尾部分作者引用Noora Vikman的话“If you want to know yourself, you have to be with yourself, and discuss with yourself, and be able to talk with yourself. (如果你想了解自己，你必须和自己在一起，和自己讨论，并且能够和自己交谈。)”可知，Noora Vikman通过住在一个偏僻安静的地方亲身感受到了安静独处才能认识自己，找到自己，这是与作者上一段的论述“Freedom from noise and goal-directed tasks, it appears, unites the quiet without and within, allowing our conscious workspace to do its thing to discover where we fit in.(似乎，远离噪音和目标导向的任务，将内外的宁静结合在一起，让我们有意识的工作空间去发现我们适合的地方。)”相一致。由此可推知，对于Noora Vikman对安静的态度，作者是支持赞同的。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知，文章首段末尾通过引述的方法揭示了文章的主旨，“As the report explained, modern society often seems intolerably loud and busy. ‘Silence is a resource,’ it said.(正如报告所解释的那样，现代社会似乎常常喧闹繁忙到令人无法忍受。“安静是一种资源，”它说。)”，即，文章主要围绕“安静是一种资源”这一话题进行讲述，并在后文段落通过介绍相关研究及真人实例的感受强调了安静的强大力量。选项C“Silence: The Unexpected Power(安静：没有料想到的力量)”贴合主旨。故选C项。
8．C 9．B 10．A 11．B
【导语】文章是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了美国航天局的宇宙飞船击中了小行星，并改变了其运动轨道。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“NASA’s spacecraft Dart hit an asteroid (小行星) 11.3 million kilometers away at a speed, changing the asteroid’s orbit and lowered its cycle period by I5 minutes, the space organization announced on Monday. (国际空间组于周一宣布，美国航天局宇宙飞船Dart以极快的速度击中了1130公里以外的一颗小行星，改变了它的轨道并且缩短了它的周期)”可知，飞船由于撞击小行星，改变了小行星的运行轨道和周期。故选C项。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Some said the move shows the world might now be able to prevent asteroids—the kind that made the dinosaurs extinct — from hitting the Earth. (有人说，这一举动表明，世界现在有能力阻止导致恐龙灭绝的小行星撞击地球)”和第三段的“ the world has gained the ability to prevent asteroids from hitting us.(世界已经获得防止小行星撞击我们的能力还为时尚早)”以及该段中的however可知，该处表示转折，故划线词含义应与上文“said”相对应，与state“宣称”意思接近。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“The asteroid that was controlled was only 160 meters in size. Its cycle period was changed, without changing its orbit significantly. It is still not clear if the orbit of a much larger asteroid headed toward the Earth can be changed successfully.(被控制的小行星只有160米大。它的周期改变了，但轨道没有明显改变。目前还不清楚一颗更大的小行星朝向地球的轨道能否成功改变)”可推知，相对来说，这颗小行星比较小。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段“In brief, NASA’s success in changing the course of a harmful asteroid is definitely praiseworthy, but much more needs to be done before we can say the world’s security from some unpredictable asteroid is guaranteed.(简而言之，NASA成功地改变了一颗有害小行星的运行轨迹，这无疑是值得称赞的，但我们还需要做更多的工作，才能保证世界免受一些不可预测的小行星的威胁)”可推知，作者对于太空飞船改变小行星轨道是赞赏的态度。故选B。
12．B 13．A 14．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章开篇提出随着科技的发展，无纸化已经成为了一种新趋势，问手写会不会完全被打字替代，然后举例说明了手写带来的好处，认为手写是有益的。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“With the development of technology, “paperless” seems to be the new trend. Instead of writing by hand, people began to use computers to type in order to produce text quickly. Some people said word processing made producing and editing text much easier. Will handwriting be completely replaced by typing (随着科技的发展，“无纸化”似乎是一种新的趋势。人们开始用电脑打字来代替手写，以便快速生成文本。一些人说，文字处理使文本的制作和编辑变得更加容易。手写会被打字完全取代吗 )”可知，文章开篇提出了“无纸化”是一种新趋势，然后以设问“手写会完全被打字取代吗？”；结合下文内容可知，文章第二、三、四、五段都分别举了例子来进行反驳；由此可推知，第一段最后一句的设问是为了引出话题。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Not only that, but the study’s authors also found that writing by hand could promote “deep encoding or processing” in a way that typing does not.(不仅如此，该研究的作者还发现，手写可以促进“深度编码或处理”，而打字则不行。)”可知，手写可以促进“深度编码或处理”；第三段中的“They found that the students using laptops tended to write down what the professor said word for word, while those who took notes by hand were more likely to listen to what was being said, analyzing it for important content and “processing information and reframing it in their own words.”(他们发现，使用笔记本电脑的学生倾向于逐字逐句地记下教授所说的内容，而用手记笔记的学生更倾向于倾听教授所说的内容，分析其中的重要内容，“处理信息并用自己的话重新组织。”)”可知，用手写记笔记的学生更倾向“处理信息并用自己的话重新组织”；第四段中的“The most annoying thing about writing by hand is also what makes it so effective for learning.(手写最让人讨厌的地方，也是它对学习如此有效的原因。)”可知，手写对学习很有效；第五段中的““In the same vein, writing in longhand also allows people to really figure out what they mean to say,” Oppenheimer says, “which may help self-expression.”(奥本海默说：“同样，手写也能让人们真正明白自己想说什么，这可能有助于自我表达。”)”可知，手写能让人真正明白自己想说什么，有助于自我表达。由此可知，手写其实比打字更能让人深度思考。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Our keyboards are great for a lot of things. But sometimes, there’s no replacing the feeling of spreading out a clean sheet of paper, uncapping a beloved pen, and letting the ink flow.(我们的键盘在很多方面都很好用。但有时候，摊开一张干净的纸，打开心爱的钢笔，让墨水流淌的感觉是无与伦比的。)”可知，作者认为虽然键盘很好用，但摊开一张干净的纸，打开心爱的钢笔，让墨水流淌的感觉是无与伦比的。由此可知，作者认为手写是有益的，故选D项。
15．A 16．B 17．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。
15．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第一句“Instinct can also be improved.”（直觉能够被改善。）及最后一句“The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.”（你变得越熟练，直觉越准确。）说明随着熟练度的提高，直觉也会越来越准确。故“unerring”应是“无偏差的，精确的”意思。故选A项。
16．推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句第五句“Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. ”（直觉能够帮助你决定哪些邮件需要回复，哪些需要删除，哪些不用打开。快速思考也对整个组织有益。）可知快速思考可以提高工作效率，避免在不重要的事情上浪费时间。故选B项。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉 )and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah (草原)”.（什么时候应该相信你的直觉及什么时候应该缓慢思考的问题在办公室和在大草原上一样重要。）可知，在工作场所，直觉也是很重要的。结合最后一段第一句“When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. ”（什么时候在工作场所使用直觉取决于其自身的识别模式。）可知要具体分析在工作场所使用直觉的情况。联系全文内容可知，本文主要强调了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。故选C项。
18．A 19．B 20．C 21．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，与对家庭收入和就业状况等社会经济因素的正式研究相比，人类的情感可以准确地用数字表达出来，对我们的行为具有更大的预测力。文章讲述了该项研究的过程及结论的得出。
18．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study co-author Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and behavioral science gathered information from nearly 700,000 people, who were asked annually over a three-decade period how they felt on a numerical scale about their job, spouse, health and home. Using the data collected, researchers constructed statistical models to show how people felt and the actions they took as a result of their reported feelings. The study found that ratings of life satisfaction had a direct linear (线性的) relationship to actions people subsequently take. Participants who rated their job satisfaction as a 2 out of 7 had a 25% probability of quitting their job. Those who rated a 6 out of 7 had only a 10 percent probability of quitting. The same was true across other measures like marriage, health and housing.”（这项研究的合著者，经济学和行为科学教授安德鲁 · 奥斯瓦尔德(Andrew Oswald)收集了近70万人的信息。在过去的30年里，他们每年都会被问及对自己的工作、配偶、健康和家庭的感受。利用收集到的数据，研究人员构建了统计模型，以显示人们的感受以及他们因报告的感受而采取的行动。研究发现，生活满意度的等级与人们随后采取的行动有直接的线性关系。参与者将他们的工作满意度评为7分中的2分，他们辞职的可能性为25% 。那些得到6分(满分7分)的人只有10% 的可能性会放弃。在婚姻、健康和住房等其他指标上也是如此。）可知，本段主要讲述了实施研究的过程和研究结果。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据第三段“Previous research has also shown data about feelings predict human outcomes, but not in such a linear fashion; the degree of satisfaction served as a good predictor of future actions. Additionally, economists have previously been critical of feelings data because they considered them unscientific and unreliable. But this study shows socioeconomic factors have a lesser probability of predicting human behavior than data on feelings.”（先前的研究也表明，关于情感的数据可以预测人类的结果，但不是以这样的线性方式；满意度可以很好地预测未来的行动。此外，经济学家此前一直对情感数据持批评态度，因为他们认为这些数据不科学、不可靠。但是，这项研究表明，社会经济因素预测人类行为的可能性低于情感数据。）可知，之前的研究结果表明情感的数据可以预测人类的行为。但是，这项研究表明，社会经济因素预测人类行为的可能性低于情感数据。所以这个研究的结果证实了之前的研究的的结论不可靠。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ori Heffetz, an economics professor who was not involved in the study, says that this research shows feelings data shouldn’t be underestimated even if they’re more difficult to study. “Scientists who ignore this do so at their own risk,” he says.”（没有参与这项研究的经济学教授 Ori Heffetz 说，这项研究表明，即使感觉数据更难研究，也不应该被低估。他说: “忽视这一点的科学家要承担自己的风险。”）可推知，经济学教授 Ori Heffetz认为， 即使感觉数据更难研究，也不应该被低估。所以对于这次研究他是赞同的。故选C。
21．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A new study has found human feelings can accurately be expressed numerically and have more predictive power for how we behave than formal studies of socioeconomic factors like household income and employment status.”（一项新的研究发现，与对家庭收入和就业状况等社会经济因素的正式研究相比，人类的情感可以准确地用数字表达出来，对我们的行为具有更大的预测力。）可知，文章介绍了一项新的研究成果：人类的情感可以准确地用数字表达出来，这对我们的行为具有更大的预测力。同时结合下文讲述研究的过程及结论的得出，本文主要讲述了一项新的研究成果：你对自己的评价会影响你未来的行为。故选A。
22．C 23．D 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一队研究人员想通过研究蚊子为什么叮咬某一类人，找到阻止它们叮咬人类的策略，预防文字叮咬引起的致命疾病。
22．细节理解题。由第二段““In fact, stopping these annoying insects in their tracks could save up to half a million lives lost to those diseases each year,” said Carolyn Gauff, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the Princeton Neuroscience Institute. That’s why Gauff’s team wants to understand how they find and target humans. (普林斯顿神经科学研究所的生态学和进化生物学教授Carolyn Gauff说：“事实上，阻止这些烦人的蚊子在它们的轨道上活动，每年可以挽救多达50万人因这些疾病而丧生的生命。”这就是为什么Gauff的团队想要了解蚊子如何发现和瞄准人类的原因)”和最后一段中的“Gauff hoped their current work could be used to make mosquito killers and attractants to prevent disease. (Gauff希望他们目前的工作可以用于制造灭蚊剂和引诱剂，以预防疾病)”可知，Gauff最终是想帮助预防蚊子引起的致命疾病（救人性命）才进行此项研究的。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。由第四段中的“Decanal is particularly rich in human skin. (癸醛在人体皮肤中特别丰富)”和“When one component of our skin’s natural oils, sapienic acid, breaks down, decanal is left over. This acid is only found in human beings. It’s what likely leads to the high levels of decanal that help the mosquitoes smell their way to us. (当我们皮肤的天然油脂中的一种成分——智人酸分解时，就会剩下癸酸。这种酸只存在于人身上。这很可能导致高水平的癸醛，帮助蚊子嗅到它们的气味)”可知，癸酸是智人酸分解后的残留物，蚊子通过癸醛（智人酸分解后的残留物）找到人类，所以蚊子最喜欢癸醛（智人酸分解后的残留物）。故选D项。
24．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“The research team already knew that mosquitoes have about 60 different types of neurons that sense odors, so when they looked in the insects’ brains, they thought they might see a lot of activity. But it was surprisingly quiet, meaning that the signal was perhaps quite simple, down to just a couple types of neurons. “One type of neuron responded really strongly to both humans and animals. Another type of neuron responded to both—but it responded much more strongly to humans than animals,” Gauff said. (研究团队已经知道，蚊子有大约60种不同类型的神经元来感知气味，所以当他们观察蚊子的大脑时，他们认为可能会看到很多活动。但蚊子的大脑出奇的安静，这意味着信号可能相当简单，仅限于几种类型的神经元。Gauff说：“一种神经元对人类和动物的气味反应非常强烈。另一种神经元同时对两者都有反应，但对人类气味的反应比动物气味的反应强烈得多。”)”可知，蚊子有大约60种不同类型的神经元来感知气味，但研究发现只有几种类型的神经元才会对人类和动物气味作出反应，可得出大多数蚊子神经元不参与对人类气味的反应。故选A项。
25．B 26．C 27．D 28．D
【导语】本文是说明文。研究人员称，能够感知自己身体的机器人有自我意识。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段的“But they do so unthinkingly, perhaps relying on sensors to try to reduce collision (碰撞) risks, rather than having any understanding of why they are performing the task or where they are within physical space. (但他们这样做是不假思索的，可能是依靠传感器来降低碰撞风险，而不是完全了解他们为什么要执行任务，也不知道他们在物理空间的哪个位置。)”可知，机器人做事情是不假思索的，而不是完全了解为什么要做任务，也不知道他们所处的位置，结合第二段首句“Hod Lipson and his colleagues are trying to face the challenge.(Hod Lipson和他的同事们正努力面对这一挑战。)”以及倒数第二段““To me, this is the first time in the history of robotics that a robot has been able to create a mental model of itself,” says Lipson. “It’s a small step, but it’s a sign of things to come.”(利普森说:“对我来说，这是机器人历史上第一次有机器人能够创建自己的心理模式。”“这是一小步，但它预示着未来的发展。”)”可知，Hod Lipson和他的同事们工作集中在机器人是否有自我意识。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段的“These fed video images back to a deep neural network, a form of AI, connected to the robot that monitored its movement within the space. For 3 hours, the robot arm moved randomly and the neural network was fed information about the arm' s mechanical inputs and watched how it responded by seeing where it moved to in the space. This generated nearly 8,000 data points—and the team generated an additional 10,000 through a simulation (模拟) of the robot in a virtual version of its environment. (这些将视频图像反馈给一个深度神经网络，这是一种人工智能，连接到机器人，监控机器人在空间内的运动。在3个小时的时间里，机器人手臂随机移动，神经网络被输入关于手臂的机械输入的信息，并通过观察它在空间中移动到哪里来观察它的反应。这产生了近8000个数据点，团队通过在虚拟环境中模拟机器人产生了额外的10000个数据点。)”以及第三段“To test how well the AI had worked, a cloud-like diagram was generated to show where the neural network “thought” the arm should be found as it moved. It was accurate to within 1 percent, meaning if the workspace was 1 metre wide, the system correctly estimated its position to within 1 centimetre. If the neural network is considered to be part of the robot itself, this suggests the robot has the ability to visualise where it physically is at any given moment.(为了测试人工智能的工作情况，生成了一个类似云的图，以显示神经网络“认为”手臂在移动时应该在哪里。它的精度在1%以内，这意味着如果工作空间是1米宽，系统可以正确地估计其位置，误差在1厘米以内。如果神经网络被认为是机器人本身的一部分，这表明机器人有能力在任何给定的时刻可视化它的物理位置。)”可知，在实验中，神经网络的功能是分析和预测手臂位置的变化。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Learning about the research, Andrew Hundt at the Georgia Institute of Technology says, “There is potential for further research to lead to useful applications based on this method, but not self- perception. The computer simply matches shape and motion patterns that happen to be in the shape of a robot arm that moves.” (了解到这项研究后，乔治亚理工学院的安德鲁·亨特说:“基于这种方法的进一步研究有可能带来有用的应用，但不是自我感知。计算机只是简单地匹配形状和运动模式，恰好是一个移动的机械臂的形状。”)”可知，安德鲁·亨特认为这不是机器人的自我感知，计算机只是简单地匹配形状和运动模式，只是恰好是一个移动的机械臂的形状。因此推断他对于实验的结果持不支持的态度。故选D。
28．推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段提出问题，机器人是否有自我意识；第二、三段介绍了一个科学实验的过程，第四、物段是对这项科学实验的评价，因此推断作者写这篇文章的目的是呈现一项科学研究。故选D。2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编
七选五
一、七选五
（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）Late-night eating has long been connected to a higher risk for obesity or overweight, which can pose all kinds of risks to your heart.
1 A recent study found that when meals are delayed by four hours — say eating at 10:30 PM rather than 6:30 PM and keeping all other lifestyle factors the same, people burn fewer calories, have stronger appetite, and experience changes in fat tissue that promote weight gain, according to the study’s author.
The study was rather small, featuring only 16 overweight or obese people. 2 In the weeks before, they maintained a regular sleep schedule and stuck to identical diets and meal times at home. Each participant reported on their hunger and appetite, and provided data needed. Besides feeling hungrier, burning fewer calories, and showing changes in fat tissue, late eating also impacted the hunger-regulating hermones (荷尔蒙) ghrelin and leptin. Ghrelin is the hormone that tells you when to eat, while leptin tells you when you’ve had enough. 3
The solution may be relatively simple. Keeping your eating schedule in line with your body’s natural clock makes sense. 4 It can minimize weight gain and reduce the risk for high blood pressure and other heart disease risk factors. Besides, try eating a big breakfast, slightly smaller lunch, and small dinner with healthy snacks throughout the day. 5 So pay attention to portion (食物的一份) sizes and what you’re eating.
A．Of course, not everyone’s natural body clock is the same.
B．Researchers may have learned why meal timing could impact fat gain.
C．A survey has revealed that a growing number of people are overweight.
D．They each stuck to a strict early or late meal schedule for one day in a lab.
E．Remember, what you eat and how much is likely more important than when.
F．Eating more early in the day and less as it progresses may be the best strategy.
G．The study found that leptin dropped by 16 percent when people delayed their meals.
（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）Stock market club, German club, magic club... These are some of the many fun clubs at our school. What makes these clubs so special 6 From bringing up ideas to putting them into action, the students do everything.
7 As soon as word got out, students took the chance. My friend and I were interested in a writing team which was set up by our classmates. We took part in the tryouts for the writing team. It was very competitive. We tried to write an article to apply for it. 8 Then we realized that we didn’t get used to writing in that kind of style. Soon we got the idea to set up a non-competitive writing club. Anyone who loves to write can join. So, we created Write Space. First, we planned the goal of the club. We hoped that members could share their writing in regular meetings. Members would give each other advice and make progress together. We also thought about how to invite new members and raise funds. 9 When the school agreed, we got a new club!
Starting a club is not easy, but leading it is harder. A fully student- run club is a good chance to test your leadership skills. 10
A．They are not led by teachers.
B．We worked hard to lead the club.
C．Unfortunately, we did not pass it.
D．Then we sent the proposal to the school.
E．There are science clubs, art clubs and sports clubs.
F．This opportunity today is truly creating leaders for tomorrow.
G．Our school recently announced that we could start our own clubs.
（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）Happiness is considered very important in life. It is so powerful that it affects many things in your life—your sleep, relationships, health, study and work. 11
Happiness doesn’t happen spontaneously—it requires planning towards pursuing things that matter to us. 12 It’s necessary to set goals to look forward to and follow an actionable plan to achieve them, which can boost your self-confidence and reduce stress and anxiety.
13 When you are feeling negative about yourself, ask yourself what advice you would give a friend who was down on himself or herself. Now try to apply that advice to yourself.
Keeping moving is also a good way. When people get up and move, they tend to be happier than when they are still. We don’t know if moving makes you happy or if happy people just move more, but we do know that more activity goes hand-in-hand with better health and greater happiness. 14 Sunlight makes a difference. Spend time outside or live in a space with natural light.
It is surely that our happiness is linked with the happiness of others. 15 Happiness is infectious, so stay with people who are happy, supportive and give you positive feedback.
Happiness often comes from within. When you are happy, anything is possible. Happy people don’t have the best of everything; they make the best of what they have.
A．The first secret is to enjoy simple things in life.
B．Sometimes, you need to treat yourself like a friend.
C．Studies also support that spending time in nature is good for you.
D．You can forget about your problems, and turn to your friends for help.
E．Happiness is not something ready-made, but comes from your own actions.
F．Goal setting is important, since it forms the outline for the life you envision.
G．People who are surrounded by happy people are more likely to become happy.
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）The Science of Recreational Fear
From peek-a-boo to Halloween haunted houses, research shows that recreational fear can teach us to face scary situations. The “paradox of horror” is that being scared, under the right circumstances, can be fun. 16
Having fun with fear is an “extremely important tool for learning,” said Mathias Clasen, director of the Recreational Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark. “We learn something about the dangers of the world. We learn something about our own responses: What does it feel like to be afraid How much fear can I take ”
Horror movies have gotten more popular. And in one survey of more than 1,000 Americans, conducted by Clasen, 55% described themselves as horror fans. 17 Many people who would not consider themselves fans of fear enjoy true-crime podcasts and novels featuring violence and murder. Others may enjoy nature documentaries about top predators (捕食性动物) such as sharks and bears.
Even babies like being a little spooked (惊的). Peek-a-boo is “an infant jump scare,” Clasen said. 18 “I don’t think I’ve yet come across a person who did not enjoy some kind of recreational fear,” he said.
19 It is a combination of an adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush and an opportunity to learn about dealing with scary situations in a safe environment, researchers say. When we are afraid, our endocrine system releases adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol to help prepare our body for physical action. We know the “Halloween” movie Michael Myers is not real, but our brain still responds as if he were a burning threat. One brain imaging study found that watching horror movies activates threat-response brain regions such as the amygdala (扁桃腺), prefrontal cortex and insula as if the danger were real.
After this rush, many people experience an uplifted mood. One study examined how 262 adults felt before and after they entered an extreme haunted house. 20 Brain recordings before and after showed that those whose mood improved had a smaller neural response to subsequent stressors, which is associated with the post-haunt high.
A．So why do we like it
B．Fifty percent of people said they felt better after the visit.
C．And recreational fear, as it is rightly named, could benefit us, too.
D．Playing with fear helps us learn what our body does under pressure.
E．Horror, though, is not the only genre of what people find scary fun, he said.
F．We define recreational fear broadly as a mixed emotional experience of fear and enjoyment.
G．Classic childhood games of tag and hide-and-seek are just like the real scenes of predator vs. prey.
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）The Positive Effects of a Positive Affect
Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships. 21
Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially positive affect—is one critical factor. What exactly is affect Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative. 22 Moreover, research suggests that a person’s affect is relatively stable over time, especially by the time one reaches adulthood.
Affect is typically described in terms of being either positive or negative, and it seems that positive affect, in particular, is related to a number of beneficial outcomes in adulthood.
In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood. 23 For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.
24 Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning.
But what about the effects of negative affect The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood. 25 Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later.
A．Affective responses to events typically happen automatically.
B．So how can parents help their children grasp the meaning of positive affect
C．But what factors help produce these outcomes as teens move from adolescence to adulthood
D．Interestingly, the results suggested that positive affect may go beyond helping teens build positive relationships.
E．The results uncovered that negative affect might account for many life problems when a teenager became a young adult.
F．Unlike positive affect, having greater negative affect did not have any significant associations with any of the later life outcomes.
G．This study found that positive affect was strongly predictive of life outcomes in young adulthood, such as developing better friendships.
（2023秋·北京昌平·高三期末）A Nervous Journey
Let’s take a journey. It is going to be a fast one, so be prepared. Where are we going We are going to start at your head and end up at your toes. 26 It may be the shortest and fastest trip of your life. Are you ready Let’s begin. Wiggle your big toe. Okay, we’re done. You might be saying, “That’s it ” We said it was going to be a fast ride!
You just sent a message with an electrical signal from your brain to the muscles in your toe. Bingo! It moves. 27 The electrical signals in your body can move as fast as 150 meters per second. In the amount of time it takes you to say “Mississippi” three times, a nerve could send an electrical signal the length of a football field and back. Now that you know how fast a nerve impulse (神经冲动) can travel, let’s take a look at the system that is the highway for these electrical signals.
The human body is made of trillions of tiny cells. Each cell is so small that you need a microscope to see them. Your skin, your hair, your eye — all are made up of cells. 28 Muscle cells move your body. Skin cells protect your body. One special type of cell, neurons (神经元), allow your brain to send messages to every part of your body.
The center of the nervous system is the brain. The brain takes in what your eyes see and what your ears hear. 29 You can think of your nervous system as a relay team passing a baton from one runner to the next. But instead of runners, you have cells, and instead of a baton, you have information. 30 It hands its information to the next cell, which passes the information to another cell. In the end, the information reaches its destination and causes a change — maybe a muscle contracts. The “information” baton passed from neuron to neuron is usually a small electrical event called an action potential.
A．Just how fast was the signal moving
B．A neuron in your brain starts the relay.
C．Different types of cells do different jobs.
D．You might have heard them called brain cells.
E．Did you ever wish you could go inside someone’s brain
F．It may not seem like a long trip, but it is going to be fast.
G．If you decide that you want to move around, your brain tells your muscles to do it.
（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem(自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.
31 “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study.
32 Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others
Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. 33 This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.
Unlike a conscience(良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. 34 It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.”
One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. 35 We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.
A．However, the work doesn’t stop there.
B．People may lower the value of their own kind comments.
C．We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.
D．Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden.
E．This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.
F．Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.
G．Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.
（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）An apology can achieve great things for both the givers and the receivers although nobody likes to admit that they were wrong.
An apology is crucial to our physical health. When we acknowledge that we are wrongdoers and express our guilt to others, we will free ourselves from the uncomfortable state. This act feels like a weight on us has been lifted. 36 Research showed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tension decreased in victims of wrongs even when they simply imagined receiving an apology.
Apologizing affects us not just physically, but also mentally. 37 When presented with an apology, the victims may view us as imperfect human beings and find it easier to give forgiveness. In a powerful piece in Psychology Today, writer Beverly Engel described how a simple “I’m sorry” from her mother, after being estranged from each other for three years, made her relieved emotionally. But let’s be real, apologizing can be difficult.
38 We should recognize our action did hurt someone even if our intention may not have been so. Instead of making excuses for what we did, try to bear responsibility and offer a promise to take action so that we will not repeat the behavior in future. 39
Of course, the most effective apologies often bring a cost to our dignity, since we have to admit that we are wrong in front of others or many people. 40 As is known, it is one of the most positive actions we can take when we do something wrong—for ourselves, the others, and the relationship. So, go ahead, apologize a little more often for the things worth apologizing for.
A．There are agreed-upon ways to express our apology to others.
B．It’s a way of showing the price we paid for the wronged action.
C．A good apology affects the health of those on the receiving end, too.
D．But this can often be minor compared to the benefits of a proper apology.
E．This means we should take the blame and not try to justify it or explain it away.
F．Apologize for what you did rather than what other people might have thought about it.
G．It has the ability to disarm others of their anger and to prevent further misunderstandings.
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）Is fashion important to you 41 From those who wear trendy ripped jeans and loose-fitting T-shirts to those who wear smart tailored suits and expensive designer outfits, each individual can have their own style.
42 And what impact can this have on their self-expression
Arguably, one factor that influences what people wear is the need to impress others. People who dress well and keep up with the latest styles seem to be more noticed than those who are not concerned about their appearance. 43 In this way they assume an identity which makes them feel they impress. Yet, by copying general looks, people actually can’t show their individuality.
At the same time, fashion is perceived by some as a tool for success and one that represents wealth or respectable social position. For instance, people intentionally try to raise their status by wearing famous brands or expensive clothes which are admired by others. 44 They are just the means to promote a specific image of power and control. In this case, fashion does not express personal individuality but could perhaps be said to give a false impression of appearance for a specific purpose.
That being said, following fashion may not have anything to do with copying current trends but with using them as an inspiration to create outfits expressing individuality. 45 Adding glam here and there, rolling up a pair of trousers or even wearing two different shoes can be considered a form of self-expression demonstrating originality.
Having considered all this, to my way of thinking, fashion can be used as a means of communication and a way to communicate your self-image to people around you. As a famous designer once said, “Fashion is instant language.”
A．Is it a trend we must follow
B．But why are people following fashion
C．For most people it is, at least to some extent.
D．For this reason, people wear fashionable clothing.
E．These clothes are not actually giving a personal statement of the wearer.
F．There are always fashion followers, even though fashion is constantly changing.
G．An example of this is reforming fashionable pieces and making small personalized changes.
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．G 4．F 5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了吃饭的时间会影响食欲和体重，并提出相关建议。
1．下文“ A recent study found that when meals are delayed by four hours — say eating at 10:30 PM rather than 6:30 PM and keeping all other lifestyle factors the same, people burn fewer calories, have stronger appetite, and experience changes in fat tissue that promote weight gain, according to the study’s author.(最近的一项研究发现，如果吃饭时间推迟了4个小时——比如在晚上10点半吃饭，而不是6点半，并且保持其他生活方式不变，根据该研究的作者所说，人们燃烧的卡路里会更少，食欲会更强，脂肪组织的变化会促进体重增加。)”通过举例来说明用餐时间所产生的影响，是对B选项“Researchers may have learned why meal timing could impact fat gain.(研究人员可能已经了解了为什么用餐时间会影响脂肪的增加。)”中研究成果的阐述，说明了用餐时间如何导致脂肪的增加，上下文语意连贯。故选B。
2．下文“In the weeks before, they maintained a regular sleep schedule and stuck to identical diets and meal times at home. (在此之前的几周里，他们保持着规律的睡眠时间表，在家里坚持相同的饮食和用餐时间。)”提到实验对象在实验前几周的准备工作，根据句中时间状语“In the weeks before”可推知，上文设空处应介绍实验当日的情况，D选项“They each stuck to a strict early or late meal schedule for one day in a lab.(在实验室里，他们每个人都严格遵守早或晚的用餐时间表。)”符合语境。故选D。
3．上文“Ghrelin is the hormone that tells you when to eat, while leptin tells you when you’ve had enough. (胃饥饿素是一种告诉你什么时候该吃东西的激素，而瘦素告诉你什么时候吃饱了。)”提出饿素和瘦素的作用。G选项“The study found that leptin dropped by 16 percent when people delayed their meals.(研究发现，当人们推迟吃饭时，瘦素水平会下降16%。)”中说明推迟吃饭会导致瘦素水平下降，会让人多吃东西，上下文语意连贯，句中“leptin”是关键词。故选G。
4．上文“Keeping your eating schedule in line with your body’s natural clock makes sense. (让你的饮食计划与你身体的生物钟保持一致是有意义的)”提出让饮食计划与生物钟保持一致，F选项“Eating more early in the day and less as it progresses may be the best strategy.(早上多吃点，随着时间发展少吃点可能是最好的策略。)”给出具体建议，即早上多吃，后面少吃，下文“It can minimize weight gain and reduce the risk for high blood pressure and other heart disease risk factors. (它可以最大限度地减少体重增加，降低患高血压和其他心脏病风险因素的风险。)”说明这样做的好处。上下文语意连贯。故选F。
5．根据下文的“So pay attention to portion (食物的一份) sizes and what you’re eating.(所以要注意食物的分量和你吃的东西。)”中“So”可知，上下文之间是因果关系，E选项“Remember, what you eat and how much is likely more important than when.( 记住，你吃什么和吃多少可能比什么时候吃更重要。)”指出吃什么和吃多少更重要，与下文构成因果关系，句中“what you eat and how much”与下文“portion (食物的一份) sizes and what you’re eating”相照应，上下文语意连贯。故选E。
6．A 7．G 8．C 9．D 10．F
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者向学校申请创建俱乐部的故事。
6．由前文“ What makes these clubs so special (是什么让这些俱乐部如此特别？)”和后文“From bringing up ideas to putting them into action, the students do everything.(从提出想法到付诸行动，学生们无所不为。)”可知，这次活动是学生主导的。而A项They are not led by teachers.(他们不是由老师领导的。)符合语境，有启下作用。故选A项。
7．由后文“ As soon as word got out, students took the chance.(消息一出，学生们就抓住了机会。) ”可知，这里主要讲学生积极参与创建俱乐部。而G项Our school recently announced that we could start our own clubs.(我们学校最近宣布我们可以成立自己的俱乐部。)符合语境，其中announced和后文word got out对应。故选G项。
8．由后文“Then we realized that we didn’t get used to writing in that kind of style. (然后我们意识到我们不习惯这种风格的写作。)”可推知，作者他们的申请没有通过，所以C项Unfortunately, we did not pass it.(不幸的是，我们没有通过。)符合语境。故选C项。
9．由后文“When the school agreed, we got a new club!(学校同意后，我们有了一个新俱乐部！)”可知，这里讲作者他们的申请通过了，所以前句应该讲他们再次申请，D项Then we sent the proposal to the school.(然后我们把申请送到学校。)符合语境。故选D项。
10．由前文“Starting a club is not easy, but leading it is harder. A fully student- run club is a good chance to test your leadership skills.(成立一家俱乐部并不容易，但领导俱乐部更难。一个完全由学生经营的俱乐部是测试你领导能力的好机会。)”可知，这里主要讲成立俱乐部的益处，所以F项This opportunity today is truly creating leaders for tomorrow.(今天的这个机会真正造就了明天的领导者。)符合语境，其中 leaders与前文your leadership skills对应。故选F项。
11．E 12．F 13．B 14．C 15．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是幸福，幸福从哪里来，怎么获得幸福。
11．上文“Happiness is considered very important in life. It is so powerful that it affects many things in your life—your sleep, relationships, health, study and work.(幸福被认为是生活中非常重要的。它是如此强大，以至于它影响着你生活中的许多事情——睡眠、人际关系、健康、学习和工作。)”提到了幸福的重要性，影响着生活中许多东西；下文“Happiness doesn’t happen spontaneously—it requires planning towards pursuing things that matter to us.(幸福不是自然而然发生的——它需要有计划地追求对我们重要的事情。)”提到了幸福不是自然而然发生的，需要有计划地追求，此处开始介绍获得幸福的方式。由此可推知，设空处为过渡句，需要引出下文。E项“Happiness is not something ready-made, but comes from your own actions.(幸福不是现成的，而是来自于你自己的行动。)”恰好能引出下文。故选E项。
12．上文“Happiness doesn’t happen spontaneously—it requires planning towards pursuing things that matter to us.(幸福不是自然而然发生的——它需要有计划地追求对我们重要的事情。)”提到了幸福不是自然而然发生的，需要有计划地追求；下文“It’s necessary to set goals to look forward to and follow an actionable plan to achieve them, which can boost your self-confidence and reduce stress and anxiety.(设定目标并遵循可行的计划来实现它们是很有必要的，这可以增强你的自信，减少压力和焦虑。)”提到了设定目标并按可行的计划来实现很有必要。由此可推知，此处与“按照计划设定目标”息息相关，F项“Goal setting is important, since it forms the outline for the life you envision.(设定目标很重要，因为它勾勒出了你想象的生活的轮廓。)”与上下文对应，故选F项。
13．设空处位于段首，需能概括本段内容；下文“When you are feeling negative about yourself, ask yourself what advice you would give a friend who was down on himself or herself.(当你对自己感到消极时，问问自己，你会给一个对自己失望的朋友什么建议。)”提到了当对自己感到消极时，问问自己会给对自己失望的朋友什么建议。由此可推知，本段重点强调“自己”，把自己当成朋友。B项“Sometimes, you need to treat yourself like a friend.(有时候，你需要像对待朋友一样对待自己。)”与下文对应。故选B项。
14．根据段首句“Keeping moving is also a good way.(保持运动也是一个好方法)”可知，本段与运动息息相关；上文“We don’t know if moving makes you happy or if happy people just move more, but we do know that more activity goes hand-in-hand with better health and greater happiness.(我们不知道运动是否会让你快乐，或者快乐的人只是多运动，但我们知道更多的运动与更好的健康和更大的快乐相伴而生。)”提到了运动与健康和快乐相伴；下文“Sunlight makes a difference. Spend time outside or live in a space with natural light.(阳光也有影响。花时间在户外或有自然光的地方生活。)”提到了去户外或有自然光的地方生活。由此可知，此处是建议去户外运动。C项“Studies also support that spending time in nature is good for you.(研究也表明，花时间在大自然中对你有好处。)”与上下文对应。故选C项。
15．上文“It is surely that our happiness is linked with the happiness of others.(毫无疑问，我们的幸福是与他人的幸福联系在一起的。)”提到了我们的幸福与他人的幸福有关；下文“Happiness is infectious, so stay with people who are happy, supportive and give you positive feedback.(幸福是会传染的，所以和幸福的、支持你的、能给你积极反馈的人呆在一起。)”提到了幸福会传染；由此可推知，此处是在建议和幸福的人待在一起。G项“People who are surrounded by happy people are more likely to become happy.(被快乐的人包围的人更有可能变得快乐。)”与上下文对应。故选G项。
16．C 17．E 18．G 19．A 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章谈论了娱乐恐惧的科学。
16．根据上文“research shows that recreational fear can teach us to face scary situations. The “paradox of horror” is that being scared, under the right circumstances, can be fun. ”（研究表明娱乐恐惧可以教会我们面对可怕的情况。“恐怖悖论”是，在适当的情况下，害怕可能是件有趣的事）提出“恐怖悖论”在适当的情况下，害怕可能是件有趣的事。因而空处应承接前文，讲述娱乐恐惧也是有好处的。选项C. “And recreational fear, as it is rightly named, could benefit us, too”（而娱乐性的恐惧，正如它的名字一样，也可以使我们受益）切题。故选C。
17．根据上文“And in one survey of more than 1,000 Americans, conducted by Clasen, 55% described themselves as horror fans. ”（在克拉森对1000多名美国人进行的一项调查中，55% 的人称自己是恐怖片迷。）讲述了克拉森的一项调查的结果，下文“Many people who would not consider themselves fans of fear enjoy true-crime podcasts and novels featuring violence and murder. Others may enjoy nature documentaries about top predators (捕食性动物) such as sharks and bears.”（许多不认为自己是恐惧迷的人喜欢真实犯罪的播客和以暴力和谋杀为主题的小说。其他人可能喜欢关于顶级掠食者如鲨鱼和熊的自然纪录片）提到了其他人的喜欢类型，所以空处应承接上文，讲述结果发现，喜欢恐怖并不是唯一的一种类型。选项E.“Horror, though, is not the only genre of what people find scary fun, he said.”（然而，他说，恐怖并不是人们觉得恐怖有趣的唯一类型）切题。故选E。
18．上文“Even babies like being a little spooked (惊的). Peek-a-boo is “an infant jump scare,” Clasen said. ”（即使是婴儿也喜欢被吓到，躲猫猫是“一种婴儿的跳跃恐惧”，Clasen 说）下文““I don’t think I’ve yet come across a person who did not enjoy some kind of recreational fear,” he said.”（“我想我还没有遇到过一个人不喜欢某种娱乐性的恐惧,”他说）所以空处应其承上启下的作用，讲述“捉迷藏”游戏也有着恐惧的因素。选项G.“Classic childhood games of tag and hide-and-seek are just like the real scenes of predator vs. prey.”（经典的儿童捉迷藏游戏就像捕食者与猎物的真实场景。）切题。故选G。
19．结合前一段的末句““I don’t think I’ve yet come across a person who did not enjoy some kind of recreational fear,” he said.”（“我想我还没有遇到过一个人不喜欢某种娱乐性的恐惧,”他说）说明人们都喜欢娱乐性的恐惧。下文“It is a combination of an adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush and an opportunity to learn about dealing with scary situations in a safe environment, researchers say.”（研究人员说，这是肾上腺素激增和学习如何在安全环境中处理可怕情况的机会的结合）解释了人们喜欢娱乐性恐惧的原因。因而空处应承接前文，讲述为什么人们会喜欢的问题。选项A.“So why do we like it ”（那我们为什么喜欢它？）切题。故选A。
20．根据上文“One study examined how 262 adults felt before and after they entered an extreme haunted house. ”（一项研究调查了262名成年人在进入一个极度闹鬼的房子前后的感受）空处应承接前文，讲述调查的结果。选项B.“Fifty percent of people said they felt better after the visit.”（百分之五十的人说他们在参观后感觉好多了）切题。故选B。
21．C 22．A 23．G 24．D 25．F
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了研究者发现青少年在向成年人转变的过程中，积极的情感将会对个人幸福感、事业成功和社会关系等方面产生重大的影响。
21．上文“Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships.(父母常常对他们的孩子成年后的表现寄予厚望，比如希望他们的身体健康，对自己的事业感到满意，有牢固的友谊)”说明父母希望孩子们能在成年后获得好的结果，C项“但是在青少年从青春期走向成年的过程中，哪些因素有助于产生这些结果呢？”中的“these outcomes”指代的就是之前提到过的结果。故选C项。
22．上文“Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative.(情感是表达积极或消极情绪的倾向，这反过来影响我们如何体验事物并决定是否判断给定的情况是积极的还是消极的)”说明情感是一种情绪倾向，是需要自我决定和自我判断的，A项“对事件的情感反应通常是自动发生的”是对上文观点的进一步解释说明。故选A项。
23．上文“In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood.(为了支持积极影响在发展中的这一关键作用，弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员对14至25岁的青少年和年轻人进行了跟踪研究，使他们能够了解从青春期到青年期这一关键发展阶段积极影响的预测能力。)”指出为了支持积极影响在发展中的这一关键作用，研究人员进行了研究，下文“For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.(举例来说，报告认为积极影响更高的青少年对他们的朋友有更强和更健康的依恋关系)”说明积极影响的青少年更容易和朋友相处，所以空处应该承上启下，指出研究发现，G项“这项研究发现积极的影响可以更好的预测青年时期的生活结果，比如建立更好的友谊”中的“developing better friendships”和下文事例中的“had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends”都是指和朋友建立良好的关系。故选G项。
24．上文“For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.(举例来说，报告认为积极影响更高的青少年对他们的朋友有更强和更健康的依恋关系)”说明积极的情感给青少年带来良好的人际关系， 而D项“有趣的是，结果表明积极的影响可能不仅仅是帮助青少年建立积极的人际关系”中的“helping teens build positive relationships”指的上文提到的和朋友之间良好的关系，是对上文话题的承接，讲了积极的影响的好处，下文“Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning.(积极情感还可以预测自我价值感和工作能力的提高，这表明，总体而言，积极情感似乎是青年人在几个重要功能领域取得成功的关键预测因素。)”也是积极影响的好处，also表明和选项是并列关系，都在讲好处。故选D项。
25．上文“But what about the effects of negative affect The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood.”（但是负面影响的影响呢？研究人员还研究了负面影响是否会预测年轻成年期的问题。）可知在探究负面影响的预测。下文“Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later..(因此，重要的一点是，青少年的积极影响可能与十年后个人幸福、职业和社会关系领域的重要生活结果有着密切的联系。)可知，下文在强调积极影响与生活的关联。F项“与积极影响不同，负面影响不会与以后的生活结果有任何显著关联。”承接上文探究负面影响的测试结果，引起下文对于积极影响对于生活影响的进一步说明。故选F。
26．F 27．A 28．C 29．G 30．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大脑中的神经元通过神经冲动指挥人体行动的原理和过程。
26．根据前文“We are going to start at your head and end up at your toes.(我们将从你的头部开始，到你的脚趾。)”和后文“It may be the shortest and fastest trip of your life.(这可能是你一生中最短最快的一次旅行。)”可知，此处是指从头部到脚趾并不是一段很长的旅行，但是很快。所以选项F“这似乎不是一段漫长的旅程，但它会很快。”切合文意。故选F。
27．根据后文“The electrical signals in your body can move as fast as 150 meters per second.(你体内的电信号可以以每秒150米的速度移动。)”可知，此处是讲人体内的信号移动得有多快，所以选项A“信号移动的速度有多快？”切合文意。故选A。
28．根据后文“Muscle cells move your body. Skin cells protect your body. One special type of cell, neurons (神经元), allow your brain to send messages to every part of your body.(肌肉细胞推动身体运动。皮肤细胞保护你的身体。一种特殊类型的细胞，神经元，让你的大脑发送信息到你身体的每个部分。)”可知，此处是指不同类型的细胞做着不同的工作，所以选项C“不同类型的细胞做着不同的工作。”切合文意。故选C。
29．根据前文“The center of the nervous system is the brain. The brain takes in what your eyes see and what your ears hear.(神经系统的中心是大脑。大脑接收眼睛看到的和耳朵听到的。)”可知，此处是指大脑是行动的指挥中心，所以选项G“如果你决定要四处走动，你的大脑会告诉你的肌肉这样做。”切合文意。故选G。
30．根据后文“It hands its information to the next cell, which passes the information to another cell. In the end, the information reaches its destination and causes a change — maybe a muscle contracts. The “information” baton passed from neuron to neuron is usually a small electrical event called an action potential.(它将信息传递给下一个细胞，下一个细胞将信息传递给另一个细胞。最后，信息到达目的地并引起变化——也许是肌肉收缩。从一个神经元传递到另一个神经元的“信息”指挥棒通常是一个称为动作电位的小电事件。)”可知，此处是指神经元开始了接力赛，所以选项B“你大脑中的一个神经元开始了这个接力。”切合文意。故选B。
31．G 32．E 33．C 34．F 35．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了善良在一个人的幸福中起着重要作用时，这听起来并不是一个大惊喜。然而令人惊讶的却是，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。这是因为一种“内心批判”在促使人们贬低自己对他人产生的价值。要摒弃掉自我内心批判，同时看到对他人的积极影响，能够做到这一点的程度将有助于决定我们自己的幸福以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。
31．设空句为该段主旨句，后文内容时对其具体的解释。根据后文“‘From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,’ states a study.(一项研究称：“从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物，那些表现出善意的人总是低估了接受者的积极感受，认为他们的行为没有接受者想象的那么有价值。”)”可知，该部分强调表现善意的人低估了自己的行为对他人的影响。选项G“Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.(然而，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。)”在句意上贴合该段主旨，“even the smallest of kind acts(甚至是最小的善举)”对应后文的“From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab(从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物)”。故选G项。
32．根据后文“Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others (然而，为什么我们认为某人会从善意行为中感受到的与他们的真实感受之间存在差异？为什么我们低估了我们对他人的影响？)”提出了一系列的疑问并结合上文内容可推知，设空句应是一个结论句，且上文内容有关，应包含关键词“underestimate(低估，看轻)”含义。选项E“This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.(这种误解表明，人们贬低自己与他人的关系。)”中主语“This misunderstanding”指代上一段内容，在句意上是针对上文得出的结论，且“devalue”对应“underestimate”，符合词汇复现原则。故选E项。
33．根据后文“This ‘voice’ tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.(这种“声音”倾向于将我们的注意力转移到评估我们的一举一动，并对我们的关系产生不良影响。) ”为第二次提出这种“声音”，说明设空句应是首次提到这种“声音”，且是一种产生消极影响的声音。选项C“We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.(我们都有一种“批判的内心声音”，这种声音往往会让我们失望。)”提出了名词“批判的内心声音”，符合分析。故选C项。
34．根据前文“Unlike a conscience, this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior.(与良心不同，这种内心的批评不会激发积极的行为。)”提出了“内心批判”是消极的，由此可推知，设空句应进一步强调其消极性的具体影响，同时包含话题“贬低自己的影响”。选项F“Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. (相反，它使我们与自己作对，使我们低估了自己对他人的有益影响。)”讲到了内心批判对自己和对他人具体消极影响，且“Instead”与前文构成反义转折关系，前后衔接紧密。故选F项。
35．根据前文“One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others.(对抗我们批判的内心声音的一个好方法是善待他人。)”提到了一个抵制内心批判的方式，后文“We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect.(我们还必须努力通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来看待自己。)”则提到了下一个步骤，由此可推知，设空句应是转折句，说明不仅仅有第一步，以承接后文。选项A“However, the work doesn’t stop there.(然而，这项工作并不止于此。)”为转折句，“the work”呼应前文内容，在句意上承接后文。故选A项。
36．C 37．G 38．A 39．E 40．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了道歉对我们的好处。
36．根据上文“When we acknowledge that we are wrongdoers and express our guilt to others, we will free ourselves from the uncomfortable state. This act feels like a weight on us has been lifted.(当我们承认自己是做错事的人，并向别人表达我们的内疚时，我们就会从不舒服的状态中解脱出来。这一举动让我们感觉卸下了负担)”和下文“Research showed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tension decreased in victims of wrongs even when they simply imagined receiving an apology.(研究表明，即使只是想象得到道歉，被伤害者的心率、排汗量和面部紧张程度也会降低)”可知，道歉不仅让做错事的一方感觉卸下负担，也对收到道歉的人有好处。故C项“A good apology affects the health of those on the receiving end, too.(一个好的道歉也会影响收到道歉的人的健康)”符合题意。故选C。
37．根据主旨句“Apologizing affects us not just physically, but also mentally.(道歉不仅会影响我们的身体，还会影响我们的精神)”推知，空处应陈述道歉在精神方面给人们带来的好处。G项“It has the ability to disarm others of their anger and to prevent further misunderstandings.(它有能力消除别人的愤怒，防止进一步的误解)”符合题意，anger属于精神范畴。故选G。
38．空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“We should recognize our action did hurt someone even if our intention may not have been so. Instead of making excuses for what we did, try to bear responsibility and offer a promise to take action so that we will not repeat the behavior in future. (我们应该认识到我们的行为确实伤害了某人，即使我们的意图可能并非如此。与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，认识到自己确实伤害某人，与其找借口不如主动承担责任，承诺以后绝不再犯。结合常识可知，上述道歉的方法是大家公认的方法。故A项“There are agreed-upon ways to express our apology to others.(我们向他人表达歉意的方式已经达成一致)”符合题意，下文具体陈述这些一致的方法是什么。故选A。
39．空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Instead of making excuses for what we did, try to bear responsibility and offer a promise to take action so that we will not repeat the behavior in future.(与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，这样做意味着我们应该承担责任，不再辩解。E项“This means we should take the blame and not try to justify it or explain it away.(这意味着我们应该承担责任，而不是试图为其辩护或解释)”符合题意，是对上文的进一步解释。故选E。
40．根据上文“Of course, the most effective apologies often bring a cost to our dignity, since we have to admit that we are wrong in front of others or many people.(当然，最有效的道歉往往会给我们的尊严带来代价，因为我们不得不在别人或很多人面前承认自己错了)”可知，最有效的道歉方式往往有失尊严。根据下文“As is known, it is one of the most positive actions we can take when we do something wrong—for ourselves, the others, and the relationship. So, go ahead, apologize a little more often for the things worth apologizing for.(众所周知，当我们为自己、他人和关系做错事时，这是我们可以采取的最积极的行动之一)”可知，做错了事，就应该道歉，这是可以采取的最积极的行动之一。由此可知，和道歉带来的好处相比，尊严受到一点伤害是可以接受的。D项“But this can often be minor compared to the benefits of a proper apology.(但与一个恰当的道歉所带来的好处相比，这往往是微不足道的)”符合题意。故选D。
41．C 42．B 43．D 44．E 45．G
【导语】本文是议论文。文章讨论了有关时尚的话题。作者认为时尚可以作为一种交流的方式，一种向你周围的人传达你的自我形象的方式。
41．上文“Is fashion important to you ”(时尚对你重要吗？)提出了一个关于时尚的问题，下文“From those who wear trendy ripped jeans and loose-fitting T-shirts to those who wear smart tailored suits and expensive designer outfits, each individual can have their own style.(从穿时髦的破洞牛仔裤和宽松的T恤，到穿时髦的定制西装和昂贵的设计师套装，每个人都有自己的风格。)”讲述了每个人有每个人的风格和时尚，因此推断空处回答上文并引出下文，故C项“对大多数人来说，至少在某种程度上是这样的。”符合语境，回答上文提出的问题，接下来进一步解释这个回答。故选C。
42．下文“And what impact can this have on their self-expression (这对他们的自我表达有什么影响？)”再次提出问题，时尚对表达我们自己有什么影响呢，因此推断空处也是提出有关遵循时尚的问题。因为下文Arguably, one factor that influences what people wear is the need to impress others.（可以说，影响人们穿着的一个因素是需要给别人留下深刻印象。）”factor汉语意思是“原因，因素”，说明上文中的问题需要提问“为什么”，结合选项，B符合语境，下文对两个问题做出了具体的解释。故选B。
43．上文“Arguably, one factor that influences what people wear is the need to impress others. People who dress well and keep up with the latest styles seem to be more noticed than those who are not concerned about their appearance.(可以说，影响人们着装的一个因素是为了给别人留下深刻印象。穿着得体并紧跟最新时尚的人似乎比那些不注重外表的人更受关注。)”讲述穿着得体时尚会给人留下更深刻的印象，更受关注，下文“In this way they assume an identity which makes them feel they impress. Yet, by copying general looks, people actually can’t show their individuality.(通过这种方式，他们假设了一种身份，让他们觉得自己给人留下了深刻的印象。然而，通过模仿一般的外表，人们实际上无法展示自己的个性。)”讲述人们用这种方式想要给人留下深刻印象。因此空处应是说明一种方式，且与上文一致，故D项“For this reason, people wear fashionable clothing.(因此，人们穿时髦的衣服。)”符合语境，与上文是因果关系，下文的this way指代的“wear fashionable clothing”。故选D。
44．上文“At the same time, fashion is perceived by some as a tool for success and one that represents wealth or respectable social position. For instance, people intentionally try to raise their status by wearing famous brands or expensive clothes which are admired by others.(与此同时，时尚被一些人视为成功的工具，代表着财富或受人尊敬的社会地位。例如，人们故意通过穿名牌或昂贵的衣服来提高自己的地位。)”通过举例说明人们通过穿时尚的，昂贵的名牌来提高自己的地位，E项中的these clothes呼应上文的famous brands or expensive clothes，故E项“这些衣服实际上并不是对穿着者的个人陈述。”符合语境，承接上文，与下文“They are just the means to promote a specific image of power and control. (它们只是宣传权力和控制的特定形象的手段。)”是顺承关系。解释说明上文内容。故选E。
45．上文“That being said, following fashion may not have anything to do with copying current trends but with using them as an inspiration to create outfits expressing individuality.(话虽如此，追随时尚可能与复制当前的趋势无关，而是将其作为一种灵感来设计表达个性的服装。)”讲述有的人追随时尚与当前的形势无关，只是一种表达个性的灵感设计，G项“这方面的一个例子是改造时尚的服装，做出小的个性化的改变。”符合语境，举例说明有些人只是进行个性化的改变，从而引出下文“Adding glam here and there， rolling up a pair of trousers or even wearing two different shoes can be considered a form of self-expression demonstrating originality.(在这里或那里增加魅力，卷起一条裤子，甚至穿两只不同的鞋子都可以被认为是一种展示创意的自我表达形式。)”举例说明这种个性化的时尚表现。故选G。
2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编：七选五
一、七选五
（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）Late-night eating has long been connected to a higher risk for obesity or overweight, which can pose all kinds of risks to your heart.
1 A recent study found that when meals are delayed by four hours — say eating at 10:30 PM rather than 6:30 PM and keeping all other lifestyle factors the same, people burn fewer calories, have stronger appetite, and experience changes in fat tissue that promote weight gain, according to the study’s author.
The study was rather small, featuring only 16 overweight or obese people. 2 In the weeks before, they maintained a regular sleep schedule and stuck to identical diets and meal times at home. Each participant reported on their hunger and appetite, and provided data needed. Besides feeling hungrier, burning fewer calories, and showing changes in fat tissue, late eating also impacted the hunger-regulating hermones (荷尔蒙) ghrelin and leptin. Ghrelin is the hormone that tells you when to eat, while leptin tells you when you’ve had enough. 3
The solution may be relatively simple. Keeping your eating schedule in line with your body’s natural clock makes sense. 4 It can minimize weight gain and reduce the risk for high blood pressure and other heart disease risk factors. Besides, try eating a big breakfast, slightly smaller lunch, and small dinner with healthy snacks throughout the day. 5 So pay attention to portion (食物的一份) sizes and what you’re eating.
A．Of course, not everyone’s natural body clock is the same.
B．Researchers may have learned why meal timing could impact fat gain.
C．A survey has revealed that a growing number of people are overweight.
D．They each stuck to a strict early or late meal schedule for one day in a lab.
E．Remember, what you eat and how much is likely more important than when.
F．Eating more early in the day and less as it progresses may be the best strategy.
G．The study found that leptin dropped by 16 percent when people delayed their meals.
（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）Stock market club, German club, magic club... These are some of the many fun clubs at our school. What makes these clubs so special 6 From bringing up ideas to putting them into action, the students do everything.
7 As soon as word got out, students took the chance. My friend and I were interested in a writing team which was set up by our classmates. We took part in the tryouts for the writing team. It was very competitive. We tried to write an article to apply for it. 8 Then we realized that we didn’t get used to writing in that kind of style. Soon we got the idea to set up a non-competitive writing club. Anyone who loves to write can join. So, we created Write Space. First, we planned the goal of the club. We hoped that members could share their writing in regular meetings. Members would give each other advice and make progress together. We also thought about how to invite new members and raise funds. 9 When the school agreed, we got a new club!
Starting a club is not easy, but leading it is harder. A fully student- run club is a good chance to test your leadership skills. 10
A．They are not led by teachers.
B．We worked hard to lead the club.
C．Unfortunately, we did not pass it.
D．Then we sent the proposal to the school.
E．There are science clubs, art clubs and sports clubs.
F．This opportunity today is truly creating leaders for tomorrow.
G．Our school recently announced that we could start our own clubs.
（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）Happiness is considered very important in life. It is so powerful that it affects many things in your life—your sleep, relationships, health, study and work. 11
Happiness doesn’t happen spontaneously—it requires planning towards pursuing things that matter to us. 12 It’s necessary to set goals to look forward to and follow an actionable plan to achieve them, which can boost your self-confidence and reduce stress and anxiety.
13 When you are feeling negative about yourself, ask yourself what advice you would give a friend who was down on himself or herself. Now try to apply that advice to yourself.
Keeping moving is also a good way. When people get up and move, they tend to be happier than when they are still. We don’t know if moving makes you happy or if happy people just move more, but we do know that more activity goes hand-in-hand with better health and greater happiness. 14 Sunlight makes a difference. Spend time outside or live in a space with natural light.
It is surely that our happiness is linked with the happiness of others. 15 Happiness is infectious, so stay with people who are happy, supportive and give you positive feedback.
Happiness often comes from within. When you are happy, anything is possible. Happy people don’t have the best of everything; they make the best of what they have.
A．The first secret is to enjoy simple things in life.
B．Sometimes, you need to treat yourself like a friend.
C．Studies also support that spending time in nature is good for you.
D．You can forget about your problems, and turn to your friends for help.
E．Happiness is not something ready-made, but comes from your own actions.
F．Goal setting is important, since it forms the outline for the life you envision.
G．People who are surrounded by happy people are more likely to become happy.
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）The Science of Recreational Fear
From peek-a-boo to Halloween haunted houses, research shows that recreational fear can teach us to face scary situations. The “paradox of horror” is that being scared, under the right circumstances, can be fun. 16
Having fun with fear is an “extremely important tool for learning,” said Mathias Clasen, director of the Recreational Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark. “We learn something about the dangers of the world. We learn something about our own responses: What does it feel like to be afraid How much fear can I take ”
Horror movies have gotten more popular. And in one survey of more than 1,000 Americans, conducted by Clasen, 55% described themselves as horror fans. 17 Many people who would not consider themselves fans of fear enjoy true-crime podcasts and novels featuring violence and murder. Others may enjoy nature documentaries about top predators (捕食性动物) such as sharks and bears.
Even babies like being a little spooked (惊的). Peek-a-boo is “an infant jump scare,” Clasen said. 18 “I don’t think I’ve yet come across a person who did not enjoy some kind of recreational fear,” he said.
19 It is a combination of an adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush and an opportunity to learn about dealing with scary situations in a safe environment, researchers say. When we are afraid, our endocrine system releases adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol to help prepare our body for physical action. We know the “Halloween” movie Michael Myers is not real, but our brain still responds as if he were a burning threat. One brain imaging study found that watching horror movies activates threat-response brain regions such as the amygdala (扁桃腺), prefrontal cortex and insula as if the danger were real.
After this rush, many people experience an uplifted mood. One study examined how 262 adults felt before and after they entered an extreme haunted house. 20 Brain recordings before and after showed that those whose mood improved had a smaller neural response to subsequent stressors, which is associated with the post-haunt high.
A．So why do we like it
B．Fifty percent of people said they felt better after the visit.
C．And recreational fear, as it is rightly named, could benefit us, too.
D．Playing with fear helps us learn what our body does under pressure.
E．Horror, though, is not the only genre of what people find scary fun, he said.
F．We define recreational fear broadly as a mixed emotional experience of fear and enjoyment.
G．Classic childhood games of tag and hide-and-seek are just like the real scenes of predator vs. prey.
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）The Positive Effects of a Positive Affect
Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood, such as wanting them to be healthy, to feel satisfied with their career, and to have strong friendships. 21
Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially positive affect—is one critical factor. What exactly is affect Affect is the tendency to express positive or negative emotions, which in turn influences how we experience things and determine whether to judge a given situation as positive or negative. 22 Moreover, research suggests that a person’s affect is relatively stable over time, especially by the time one reaches adulthood.
Affect is typically described in terms of being either positive or negative, and it seems that positive affect, in particular, is related to a number of beneficial outcomes in adulthood.
In support of this crucial role that positive affect has in development, a study by researchers at the University of Virginia followed teenagers and young adults from ages 14 to 25, allowing them to understand the predictive power of positive affect across the critical developmental period from adolescence to young adulthood. 23 For example, teens with a higher positive affect reported had a stronger, healthier attachment to their friends.
24 Positive affect also predicted increased self-worth and job competence, suggesting that, overall, positive affect seems to be a key predictor of young adult success across several important areas of functioning.
But what about the effects of negative affect The researchers also examined whether negative affect would predict problems in young adulthood. 25 Thus, the important takeaway is that adolescent positive affect may have powerful links to important life outcomes in the domains of personal well-being, career, and social relationships up to a decade later.
A．Affective responses to events typically happen automatically.
B．So how can parents help their children grasp the meaning of positive affect
C．But what factors help produce these outcomes as teens move from adolescence to adulthood
D．Interestingly, the results suggested that positive affect may go beyond helping teens build positive relationships.
E．The results uncovered that negative affect might account for many life problems when a teenager became a young adult.
F．Unlike positive affect, having greater negative affect did not have any significant associations with any of the later life outcomes.
G．This study found that positive affect was strongly predictive of life outcomes in young adulthood, such as developing better friendships.
（2023秋·北京昌平·高三期末）A Nervous Journey
Let’s take a journey. It is going to be a fast one, so be prepared. Where are we going We are going to start at your head and end up at your toes. 26 It may be the shortest and fastest trip of your life. Are you ready Let’s begin. Wiggle your big toe. Okay, we’re done. You might be saying, “That’s it ” We said it was going to be a fast ride!
You just sent a message with an electrical signal from your brain to the muscles in your toe. Bingo! It moves. 27 The electrical signals in your body can move as fast as 150 meters per second. In the amount of time it takes you to say “Mississippi” three times, a nerve could send an electrical signal the length of a football field and back. Now that you know how fast a nerve impulse (神经冲动) can travel, let’s take a look at the system that is the highway for these electrical signals.
The human body is made of trillions of tiny cells. Each cell is so small that you need a microscope to see them. Your skin, your hair, your eye — all are made up of cells. 28 Muscle cells move your body. Skin cells protect your body. One special type of cell, neurons (神经元), allow your brain to send messages to every part of your body.
The center of the nervous system is the brain. The brain takes in what your eyes see and what your ears hear. 29 You can think of your nervous system as a relay team passing a baton from one runner to the next. But instead of runners, you have cells, and instead of a baton, you have information. 30 It hands its information to the next cell, which passes the information to another cell. In the end, the information reaches its destination and causes a change — maybe a muscle contracts. The “information” baton passed from neuron to neuron is usually a small electrical event called an action potential.
A．Just how fast was the signal moving
B．A neuron in your brain starts the relay.
C．Different types of cells do different jobs.
D．You might have heard them called brain cells.
E．Did you ever wish you could go inside someone’s brain
F．It may not seem like a long trip, but it is going to be fast.
G．If you decide that you want to move around, your brain tells your muscles to do it.
（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem(自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.
31 “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study.
32 Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others
Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. 33 This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.
Unlike a conscience(良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. 34 It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.”
One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. 35 We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.
A．However, the work doesn’t stop there.
B．People may lower the value of their own kind comments.
C．We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.
D．Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden.
E．This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.
F．Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.
G．Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.
（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）An apology can achieve great things for both the givers and the receivers although nobody likes to admit that they were wrong.
An apology is crucial to our physical health. When we acknowledge that we are wrongdoers and express our guilt to others, we will free ourselves from the uncomfortable state. This act feels like a weight on us has been lifted. 36 Research showed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tension decreased in victims of wrongs even when they simply imagined receiving an apology.
Apologizing affects us not just physically, but also mentally. 37 When presented with an apology, the victims may view us as imperfect human beings and find it easier to give forgiveness. In a powerful piece in Psychology Today, writer Beverly Engel described how a simple “I’m sorry” from her mother, after being estranged from each other for three years, made her relieved emotionally. But let’s be real, apologizing can be difficult.
38 We should recognize our action did hurt someone even if our intention may not have been so. Instead of making excuses for what we did, try to bear responsibility and offer a promise to take action so that we will not repeat the behavior in future. 39
Of course, the most effective apologies often bring a cost to our dignity, since we have to admit that we are wrong in front of others or many people. 40 As is known, it is one of the most positive actions we can take when we do something wrong—for ourselves, the others, and the relationship. So, go ahead, apologize a little more often for the things worth apologizing for.
A．There are agreed-upon ways to express our apology to others.
B．It’s a way of showing the price we paid for the wronged action.
C．A good apology affects the health of those on the receiving end, too.
D．But this can often be minor compared to the benefits of a proper apology.
E．This means we should take the blame and not try to justify it or explain it away.
F．Apologize for what you did rather than what other people might have thought about it.
G．It has the ability to disarm others of their anger and to prevent further misunderstandings.
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）Is fashion important to you 41 From those who wear trendy ripped jeans and loose-fitting T-shirts to those who wear smart tailored suits and expensive designer outfits, each individual can have their own style.
42 And what impact can this have on their self-expression
Arguably, one factor that influences what people wear is the need to impress others. People who dress well and keep up with the latest styles seem to be more noticed than those who are not concerned about their appearance. 43 In this way they assume an identity which makes them feel they impress. Yet, by copying general looks, people actually can’t show their individuality.
At the same time, fashion is perceived by some as a tool for success and one that represents wealth or respectable social position. For instance, people intentionally try to raise their status by wearing famous brands or expensive clothes which are admired by others. 44 They a2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编
写作
一、建议信
1．（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英国交换生Jim对中国文化非常感兴趣，他希望你推荐一件他在寒假里可以做的事情，便于他更好地了解中国文化。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.你推荐他做的事情;
2.你的理由。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
2．（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信，询问你如何提高学习效率。请你给他写一封回信，介绍你的具体做法及原因。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
二、申请信
3．（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你获悉首都博物馆正在招募于暑假期间做英文讲解的志愿者，向外国游客介绍中国文化。请你用英文给相关负责人写一封申请信，内容包括：
1. 说明写信原因；
2. 介绍你的相关经验和优势；
3. 希望能被录用。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir or Madam,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
三、邀请信
4．（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。市青年联合会面向全球发起“青春之歌”主题原创诗歌征集活动。请你用英文给英国好友Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.介绍活动；
2.邀请参与。
参考词汇：青年联合会Youth Federation
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
四、推荐信
5．（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班交换生Jim打算利用寒假在家锻炼身体，发来邮件向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 推荐一款APP和推荐理由；
2. 给出运动建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
五、其他应用文
6．（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校的英国交换生Jim 酷爱阅读，恰逢学校新图书馆投入使用，请你用英文给Jim写一封电子邮件，介绍新图书馆的情况。内容包括：
1. 新图书馆开放时间及借阅须知；
2. 新图书馆藏书等情况。
注意：1. 词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
7．（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校将与国际友好校联合举办主题为“我是美食家 (Gastronome)”的英语线上交流活动，请你用英语写一份发言稿，内容包括：
1.介绍你学会的一道美食并简述做法；
2.谈谈学做这道美食的感受及活动的意义。
注意：1.词数 100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词语：美食—delicacy;
Hello, everyone!
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you.
8．（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校正在为高三毕业典礼征集活动方案。你有意参加，并对活动设计形成了一些想法。请你给英国好友Jim写一封邮件询问他的建议。内容包括：
1.介绍设计想法；
2.说明设计理由。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1．Dear Jim,
Hearing that you are interested in Chinese traditional culture, I recommend you to read Chinese classical literature which can help you have a better understanding of Chinese traditional culture. Here are my specific suggestions.
First, you can read the four great classics. I know this is very difficult for you, but you can read them by consulting a dictionary or a book. In the process of reading, you will not only improve your Chinese level, but also gain more knowledge. In addition, you can also watch the ancient TV series to understand the specific plots, so that you can more fully feel the Chinese classical literature.
These are my suggestions. I hope they will be helpful to you. If you don’t understand any details, you can always write to me. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封信，建议他在寒假里做一件事，以便于他更好的了解中国文化。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：recommend→suggest
首先：first→first of all
此外：in addition→what’s more
希望：hope→expect
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hearing that you are interested in Chinese traditional culture, I recommend you to read Chinese classical literature which can help you have a better understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
拓展句：Because I hear that you are interested in Chinese traditional culture, I recommend you to read Chinese classical literature which can help you have a better understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 I know this is very difficult for you, but you can read them by consulting a dictionary or a book. In the process of reading, you will not only improve your Chinese level, but also gain more knowledge. （运用了not only…but also…固定句型）
【高分句型2】In addition, you can also watch the ancient TV series to understand the specific plots, so that you can more fully feel the Chinese classical literature.（运用了so that引导状语从句）
2．Dear Jim,
In your last letter, you mentioned that you wanted to know how to improve learning efficiency. I’ll give you some advice.
Firstly, when acquiring new knowledge, you should try to make connections with what you have already learned. Secondly, you should learn to do “spaced review”, especially during the first day after learning. Besides, there are some common practices you should know, such as sleeping well and doing physical exercise. All these can help improve your memory and learn effectively.
I hope my advice will be useful. If you need more help, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封信，针对如何提高学习效率给出一些建议并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：advice→suggestion
首先：firstly→first of all
此外：besides→what’s more
有帮助的：useful→helpful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Secondly, you should learn to do “spaced review”, especially during the first day after learning.
拓展句：Secondly, you should learn to do “spaced review”, especially during the first day after learning, which can improve learning efficiency.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In your last letter, you mentioned that you wanted to know how to improve learning efficiency.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】If you need more help, please let me know.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
3．Dear Sir or Madam,
Knowing English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the summer vacation, I am writing to apply for this position. I am a Senior 3 student in Hongxing Middle School, and I believe I am qualified for the position. These years, I have been on several exchange programs in America, which makes me confident with my communication skills in English. Besides, as a fan of Chinese ancient history, I am sure my knowledge will prove helpful when introducing the Forbidden City to foreign guests. I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity.
Thank you for your consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇属于应用文，要求考生给首都博物馆写信申请成为该馆暑期英文讲解志愿者，介绍自己的优势和经验。
【详解】1.词汇积累
胜任的：qualified→competent
此外：besides→what’s more
确信的：sure→certain
有用的：helpful→useful
提供：offer→provide
机会：opportunity→chance
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Knowing English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the summer vacation, I am writing to apply for this position.
拓展句：As I know English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the summer vacation, I am writing to apply for this position.
【点睛】【高分句型1】These years, I have been on several exchange programs in America, which makes me confident with my communication skills in English.（运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, as a fan of Chinese ancient history, I am sure my knowledge will prove helpful when introducing the Forbidden City to foreign guests.（when引导的时间状语从句的省略）
【高分句型3】I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
4．Dear Jim
I am writing to invite you to participate in an original English poetry contest, the theme of which is “Song of Youth”.
This event was initiated by the Youth Federation to solicit poems from students all over the world. Poems can be about youthful friendship, love or confusion and must be written in English. Not only can you describe your life in the poems, but also you can express your opinions on these topics. The content of the poems must be healthy and positive. The works should be submitted as a document and sent to literature@. Every student is welcome to take part in this activity as long as you are interested in English poetry.
Look forward to your participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本文是一篇应用文写作。要求考生给英国好友Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加以“青春之歌”为主题的原创诗歌征集活动。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
参加：participate in→take part in
比赛：contest→competition
表达：express→voice
主题：topic→theme
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：This event was initiated by the Youth Federation to solicit poems from students all over the world.
拓展句：This event was initiated by the Youth Federation, which is to solicit poems from students all over the world.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Not only can you describe your life in the poems, but also you can express your opinions on these topics.(not only引导的倒装句)
[高分句型2]Every student is welcome to take part in this activity as long as you are interested in English poetry.(as long as引导的状语从句)
5．Dear Jim,
Knowing that you plan to exercise at home during the winter vacation, I’m writing to recommend an APP called Keep. First of all, it will provide you with courses suitable for you according to your needs. What’s more, it will urge users to complete daily exercise tasks and allow users to share their exercise status.
In addition, I’d like to give you some advice on how to exercise. You can fit exercise into our busy schedule, making it a part of your daily routine. You can also do some indoor sports, such as sit-ups and push-ups. But you should be careful not to exercise too much.
I hope my advice can help you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给交换生Jim写一封信，给他推荐一款运动APP并给出运动建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：First of all→firstly
提供给某人某物：provide sb. with sth.→provide sth. for sb.
此外：what’s more→besides
建议：advice→suggestion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：But you should be careful not to exercise too much.
拓展句：But you should be careful not to exercise too much, which is harmful to your health.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you plan to exercise at home during the winter vacation, I’m writing to recommend an APP called Keep.（运用了that引导的宾语从句作Knowing的宾语）
【高分句型2】I hope my advice can help you.（运用了that引导的宾语从句作hope的宾语，省略了that）
6．Dear Jim,
I know you love reading books. Here is a piece of good news for you. Our new library has been put into use recently and I strongly recommend you visiting.
It’s open from 8:30 am. to 18:30 pm. and you need to apply for a library card first. The books you borrow from the library need to be returned on time. Borrowers are responsible for any damage caused by them to the books. The library’s collections include around ten thousand volumes which cover almost all the fields such as science, history, philosophy and so on. Here you can also read newspapers and current periodicals, which can keep you updated on current affairs. You won’t be disappointed. I promise!
If you need more information about the new library, please let me know. I will send you more details.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校的英国交换生Jim 酷爱阅读，恰逢学校新图书馆投入使用，请你根据所给提示与要求，用英文给Jim写一封电子邮件，介绍新图书馆的情况。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
好的：good→ excellent
更新：update→renovate
失望的：disappointed→ upset
当前的：current→ present
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Borrowers are responsible for any damage caused by them to the books.
拓展句：Borrowers are responsible for any damage which is caused by them to the books.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The library’s collections include around ten thousand volumes which cover almost all the fields such as science, history, philosophy and so on.（运用了which引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] Here you can also read newspapers and current periodicals, which can keep you updated on current affairs.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
7．Hello, everyone.
I’m very delighted to share with you a traditional Chinese delicacy I’ve learned to make from my parents, dumplings.
As one of the most iconic dishes in Chinese cuisine, dumplings are shaped like silver ingots, representing wealth. When making dumplings, you need to wrap the fillings made of vegetables, meat or seafood with thin pieces of dough. After they are made, you need to put them into boiling water to get them well cooked.
Making dumplings requires teamwork and patience. It is also rewarding to spend time working with family members. This online sharing offers me a chance to understand our Chinese food culture better.
Hope you can try it yourself and I’m expecting to appreciate delicacies from your culture.
That’s all. Thank you. （120 words）
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生用英语写一份发言稿，介绍一道美食并简述做法，同时谈谈学做这道美食的感受及学校举办这次活动的意义。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴的：delighted → pleased
象征，代表：represent → stand for
要求：require → demand
提供，给与：offer → give
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：As one of the most iconic dishes in Chinese cuisine, dumplings are shaped like silver ingots, representing wealth.
转换句：As one of the most iconic dishes in Chinese cuisine, dumplings are shaped like silver ingots, which represent wealth.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When making dumplings, you need to wrap the fillings made of vegetables, meat or seafood with thin pieces of dough. (运用了状语从句的省略)
【高分句型2】 Making dumplings requires teamwork and patience. (运用了动名词短语作主语)
8．Dear Jim,
My school is collecting designs for the graduation ceremony. I’m writing to share my idea with you and ask for your advice.
First, the ceremony should be on weekend, thus allowing all the parents and teachers to be present, making this event livelier. It will kick off with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, followed by a video featuring those unforgettable moments of our school life and the presentation of diplomas. We need to set up a “gratitude wall”, where we can express our gratitude to our teachers, friends and parents, without whose help we could hardly succeed. During the last session, students can open the floor to talk about their future, sharing their ambitions with each other.
So what do you think of my plan Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就高三毕业典礼征集活动方案给英国好友Jim写一封邮件，介绍自己的设计想法，说明设计理由，并询问他的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：advice→ suggestion
鼓舞人心的：inspiring →encouraging
表达：express→convey
畅所欲言：open the floor→speak out freely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It will kick off with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, followed by a video featuring those unforgettable moments of our school life and the presentation of diplomas.
拓展句：It will kick off with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, which will be followed by a video featuring those unforgettable moments of our school life and the presentation of diplomas.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It will kick off with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, followed by a video featuring those unforgettable moments of our school life and the presentation of diplomas.（运用了过去分词作后置定语、状语，现在分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】We need to set up a “gratitude wall”, where we can express our gratitude to our teachers, friends and parents, without whose help we could hardly succeed.（运用了动词不定式作宾语，where和whose引导的非限制性定语从句，含without的含蓄条件句的虚拟语气）2023年北京重点校高三（上）期末英语汇编
完形填空
一、完形填空
（2023秋·北京丰台·高三统考期末）I was lucky enough to test into the best high school in the city. But then came my 1 : Am I good enough It was a question that 2 me through my first month, even as began to settle in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class.
I knew I had to work to ground myself. My earliest strategy involved keeping quiet and trying to 3 my new classmates. Who were these kids anyway How did they learn in school All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously. 4 wasn’t I as well Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them The truth is that I didn’t know. This 5 was like a deadly cell that threatened to divide and divide again, unless I could find some way to stop it.
Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be 6 , and so did my second. Over the course of my first two years, I began to build the same kind of 7 I’d had at my previous school. With each little achievement, my doubt 8 took leave.
I loved any subject that involved writing and labored through math. I had classmates who were always a step or two ahead of me, whose achievements seemed effortless, but I tried not to let that get to me. I was beginning to understand that if I put in extra hours of studying, I could often 9 the gap. I wasn’t a straight-A student, but I was always 10 and I made progress.
1．A．excitement B．satisfaction C．anger D．worry
2．A．freed B．dogged C．warmed D．guided
3．A．observe B．admire C．support D．calm
4．A．Or B．So C．But D．For
5．A．guess B．doubt C．interest D．risk
6．A．excellent B．average C．different D．unique
7．A．responsibility B．friendship C．confidence D．teamwork
8．A．suddenly B．frequently C．accidentally D．slowly
9．A．close B．notice C．locate D．create
10．A．expecting B．trying C．wondering D．suffering
（2023秋·北京东城·高三统考期末）Jennifer finds Cecelia reading a newspaper alone in the room. “Hi Cecelia, do you 11 me Jennifer.” The 91-year-old resident at Newburgh elder care center says a friendly hello, but doesn’t seem to recognize Jennifer today.
It’s one nice spring afternoon. Jennifer invites Cecelia to go down to the 12 . She helps Cecelia head to the elevator. Cecelia wheels herself forward, as Jennifer 13 guides her from behind.
The two have been getting to know each other over the past few months since Jennifer, the recent Boston University graduate, began to volunteer in the center, 14 residents with Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症).
Down in the courtyard, Cecelia begins reading a poem, slowly and lyrically (抒情地). Jennifer listens attentively, and then asks if Cecelia knows who wrote the poem，to help her with a “ 15 stretch”. Together, they reflect on the poem’s meaning. Cecelia’s deep understanding of the poem suggests that she is such a 16 lady. Jennifer tells Cecelia, “You’re the one who makes me 17 coming here every week. I love learning from you. You’re like my teacher.”
“You give the old people a 18 to think and to know they get good care,” Cecelia replies.
Jennifer’s relationship with Cecelia has played an important role in 19 her passion for looking after older generations. “We should take time to listen to them. Just listening is an act of 20 ,” Jennifer says.
11．A．hear B．understand C．trust D．remember
12．A．courtyard B．center C．elevator D．room
13．A．bravely B．lightly C．gratefully D．immediately
14．A．relying on B．looking into C．appealing to D．caring for
15．A．hand B．leg C．brain D．back
16．A．frank B．wise C．modest D．humorous
17．A．look forward to B．pay attention to C．give in to D．object to
18．A．dream B．method C．chance D．plan
19．A．rediscovering B．exchanging C．consuming D．shaping
20．A．friendship B．kindness C．loyalty D．courage
（2023秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）Early in my teaching career, I heard countless make-believe stories for unfinished homework. Then I grew less trusting and quitted 21 any excuse. When the students at my new school didn’t finish homework, I never asked why. Instead, I just sighed loudly and recorded a zero in the grade book. I soon gained the 22 I thought I wanted.
One day, Anthony approached me. “Could I talk to you ” he asked 23 . “I know you said no excuse, but I don’t want you to think I’m 24 because I often come without my homework.” He then looked up at me for the first time. “It’s just that... my dad moved out, and my mom works at night, so I have to look after my little brothers. Often, they cry a lot, and it’s hard for me to 25 ...”
I was about to ask why he didn’t tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why. So I changed the 26 . “Would it help if you stayed after school and worked on it before you go home ”
He nodded hard.
Anthony became the first student in my after-school study session. Several days later, Terrell joined him, followed by Sandy and Randy. Before long, I had a room full of students. Their stories were not amusing, but all very 27 :
·The power company 28 our lights because we couldn’t pay the bill.
·My dad says schoolwork is just a waste of time.
·We don’t have any paper in the house.
I thus discovered not all kids come from families that are 29 . Not all kids have a quiet bedroom with a desk and study light. Some don’t even have home. Most importantly, I learned that “I’ll listen” 30 better than “No excuse!”
21．A．inventing B．finding C．accepting D．offering
22．A．reputation B．benefit C．experience D．praise
23．A．loudly B．shyly C．curiously D．eagerly
24．A．poor B．mean C．lazy D．weak
25．A．behave B．concentrate C．struggle D．compete
26．A．question B．tune C．process D．thought
27．A．complex B．moving C．cool D．real
28．A．broke down B．put out C．cut off D．shut out
29．A．disciplined B．peaceful C．traditional D．supportive
30．A．works B．feels C．understands D．controls
（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）It was a windy day. I was walking in a forest when I saw a baby squirrel (松鼠), who fell out of its nest, lying 31 on the ground. I tried many times to put it back, but failed. After waiting over two hours, I found it couldn’t 32 , so I decided to take it to my home for the night.
Once at home, I realized the squirrel, who I named Cathy, was still uncomfortable. I discovered that there were some weeds on her body, so I gave her a 33 and got her all cleaned up. Three days later, Cathy could move in the room. To our delight, she got 34 to me and my family. I gave a lot of time and attention to her, and even made her a nest. Every day, I fed her a combination of healthy foods, including fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Under my 35 , the baby member got better and better. Everyone who came to my home loved her, and she even 36 with my two dogs.
One week later, Cathy recovered 37 . I realized it was the right time for her to leave. I 38 her into the wild several times, but she just kept coming back! Maybe she was so 39 that I saved her, and expressed it in her own way.
At last, with the help of my friend, the squirrel went into the wild. “Cathy has brought a lot of 40 into my life, and it seems that she feels the same way!”
31．A．calm B．silent C．weak D．curious
32．A．wave B．see C．approach D．move
33．A．ride B．bath C．choice D．trick
34．A．ruder B．nobler C．closer D．noisier
35．A．care B．control C．guidance D．praise
36．A．put up B．got away C．broke up D．got along
37．A．completely B．differently C．anxiously D．disappointedly
38．A．risked B．threw C．hid D．released
39．A．happy B．confident C．grateful D．proud
40．A．security B．joy C．courage D．freedom
（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）Olivia, 9, was shy at first. She’d never been on a horse before. So when she was asked to feed carrots to the reddish-brown horse named Charlie on a summer Saturday, she approached 41 , unsure of herself at times, turning around to a group of children waiting for their turn to feed him.
Olivia eventually made it to the horse’s mouth and Charlie licked (舔) her hands as she 42 him his favorite treat. Olivia was amused.
“That’s what I call a(an) 43 ,” said Sabrina, a social worker who has teamed up with the community organization Alkebu-lan Village to help children overcome their problems and keep them on paths to 44 .
“I’m excited,” Olivia said smiling. “I love petting him.”
The program “Stop Horsing Around” at Alkebu-lan Village was launched this summer with over a dozen kids signing up. They were taught how to approach, feed, brush, and mount the horses 45 eventually they got a chance to ride them.
By 46 the program’s horses with Sabrina’s help and forming 47 with them, children become more self-aware and then begin to recognize and face negative feelings and behaviors, which can help them communicate with others and lead to significant positive changes to their 48 skills, self-worth and behavior issues.
Sabrina first taught the children that Charlie needed to become 49 with them by smelling their hands. Once Charlie was comfortable, the kids learned how to pet his face and head, and then how to use the lead rope, clean up Charlie’s messes, and feed him carrots.
Olivia wasn’t the only kid who was nervous and shy at the beginning. But ultimately Olivia also wasn’t the only kid to leave more confident. Their 50 consistently turned into smiles, laughter and excitement.
41．A．happily B．calmly C．slowly D．directly
42．A．fed B．left C．made D．threw
43．A．award B．exchange C．negotiation D．breakthrough
44．A．fame B．success C．responsibility D．freedom
45．A．before B．after C．as D．though
46．A．taking over B．walking with C．caring for D．responding to
47．A．routines B．bonds C．judgements D．ideas
48．A．technical B．survival C．organizational D．social
49．A．popular B．familiar C．satisfied D．patient
50．A．resistance B．disappointment C．misunderstanding D．hesitation
（2023秋·北京通州·高三统考期末）It had been a crazy day at school. Jordan walked in and slid his backpack off his shoulder. He collapsed in a chair 51 and swallowed a glass of milk. Jordan asked his mom to pass the cookies to him. “Please,” insisted Mom. “PLEASE pass the cookies,” 52 Jordan. He told his mom that he wished he never had to worry about 53 . “Interesting,” said Mom as she left the room.
The following day at breakfast, Jordan sat down to a plate of bacon and eggs. Jordan thought the food was yummy, and he piled the pancakes on his plate. Suddenly Dad reached over and 54 the pancakes right off Jordan’s plate. Jordan was shocked. He was wondering what had happened to the “ 55 ”. Jordan noticed a black cloud covering his dad’s face Jordan muttered (嘀咕) that something strange was going on. A few seconds later, Mom downed a glass of orange juice and burped (打嗝) loudly. Jordan was 56 . That was so unlike his mom. A black cloud covered her face as well.
Jordan knew for sure that something was wrong with all the teenagers in his world when he showed up at school the next day, and David, one of his classmates, 57 his way through line cutting in front of a bunch of students. The other students looked disgusted, and Jordan 58 as another black cloud floated up (漂浮) in front of David.
“Poor David,” thought Jordan. “If only he would remember to use his manners!” Jordan 59 stopped in the line. Thinking about his words and these two days’ observation, he felt surprised and 60 he was just like an adult who talked about manners everywhere.
51．A．nervously B．tiredly C．disappointedly D．lazily
52．A．complained B．promised C．repeated D．required
53．A．manners B．rules C．spaces D．foods
54．A．brought B．carried C．held D．grabbed
55．A．please B．sorry C．pardon D．hello
56．A．interested B．astonished C．moved D．excited
57．A．pulled B．stopped C．pushed D．changed
58．A．listened B．seemed C．touched D．watched
59．A．suddenly B．actually C．obviously D．absolutely
60．A．remembered B．realized C．imagined D．believed
（2023秋·北京顺义·高三统考期末）In December 2004, I had just become a professional photographer and was working on a project about communities who live on the sea.
One morning, I went out to 61 with six fishermen in a small boat. It was about 8 am, and the sea looked different. The water was totally still.
20 minutes later, one fisherman pointed to a small white 62 far in the distance. It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly. A tsunami(海啸)wave was 63 through the ocean! We were stuck. I began to feel really 64 . Then the captain took control. He told us where to sit, so we would 65 the boat. My camera was in my backpack. I wanted to picture the scene, but I couldn’t. Any movement would imbalance the boat. Suddenly there was a huge noise. The wave 66 the boat, but the incredibly 67 captain managed to swerve(使突然转向)us up and onto the wave. We surfed it for a few seconds. Then the boat glided(滑行)from the tip of the wave down into safe waters. Everyone let out heavy sighs. The captain had 68 us all.
Surviving gave me a deep understanding of how 69 life can be. The picture I wanted to take on the boat remains “the one that got away” - I think every photographer has one. But mine 70 my life.
61．A．sea B．breakfast C．exercise D．beaches
62．A．ship B．bird C．star D．spot
63．A．squeezing B．swinging C．speeding D．breaking
64．A．puzzled B．scared C．disappointed D．interested
65．A．abandon B．repair C．board D．balance
66．A．hit B．destroyed C．missed D．overturned
67．A．skilled B．proud C．hopeless D．violent
68．A．left B．saved C．corrected D．cheated
69．A．fair B．happy C．short D．positive
70．A．took B．showed C．entered D．changed
（2023秋·北京海淀·高三统考期末）We’ve all heard the saying “Laughter is the best medicine”. And there might be something in this idiom. Numerous studies have shown that people who report greater 71 tend to have better medical outcomes.
For instance, a 2017 study at the University of Nottingham tested the effect of mood on 138 retirees 72 the normal flu injection. Those who felt happy on the day of the vaccination went on to 73 more flu-fighting antibodies. Earlier work at Yale University and the University of Florida has also shown that people’s mood affects the activation of genes that fight disease.
But does happiness lead to good 74 , or is it the other way around After all, it could be that people who have strong immune systems 75 have higher levels of other mood-improving brain chemicals as well.
Here is a possible evolutionary 76 . Humans evolved as social creatures that cooperate in groups to 77 food and protect themselves from wild animals. We were happier with a(n) 78 network of friends and family because this improved our chances of survival. But closely socializing groups are also breeding grounds for respiratory (呼吸的) 79 such as flu and colds, so we would have needed to increase the activity of the genes that fight these diseases.
For those who were 80 from society, however, infectious disease was less of a problem, and genes that help recover from physical injury may have been prioritized instead of the ones that fight disease.
71．A．success B．confidence C．happiness D．determination
72．A．avoiding B．receiving C．missing D．organizing
73．A．produce B．repair C．detect D．absorb
74．A．health B．mood C．relationship D．performance
75．A．gradually B．naturally C．randomly D．rarely
76．A．solution B．prediction C．application D．explanation
77．A．consume B．serve C．secure D．purchase
78．A．fixed B．enormous C．complicated D．close
79．A．functions B．infections C．activities D．systems
80．A．cut off B．taken over C．picked out D．made up
参考答案
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者转到城里最好的高中之后的适应过程。从刚开始的自我怀疑，取得了小成绩之后，疑虑慢慢消失，找回自信，并坚持一直努力，到最后取得成绩和进步。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随之而来的是我的担忧：我足够好吗？A. excitement兴奋；B. satisfaction满意；C. anger生气；D. worry担忧。根据后文“Am I good enough (我够好吗？)”可知，作者对自己有所怀疑和担忧。故选D项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题在我入学的第一个月里一直困扰着我，即使我已经开始适应，即使我已经习惯了清晨起床，在教学楼之间穿梭上课。A. freed释放；B. dogged(长期)困扰；C. warmed温暖；D. guided带领。根据后文“through my first month(在我的第一个月)”的时间长度可推知，这个问题困扰着作者很长一段时间。故选B项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最早的策略是保持安静，尽力观察我的新同学。A. observe观察；B. admire钦佩；C. support支持；D. calm使平静下来。根据后文“Who were these kids anyway How did they learn in school (这些孩子到底是谁 他们在学校是怎么学习的 )”可知，作者观察班里的同学。故选A项。
4．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我不也是吗？A. Or或者；B. So因此；C. But但是；D. For因为。分析语境可知，前文“All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously.(我只知道他们显然是城里最聪明的孩子)”作者认为新的同学们都很聪明，后文“__4__ wasn’t I as well (我不也是吗？)”则是对自己的怀疑，前后文之间为转折关系。故选C项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种怀疑就像一个致命的细胞，威胁着要分裂再分裂，除非我能找到办法阻止它。A. guess猜测；B. doubt怀疑；C. interest使感兴趣；D. risk冒风险。分析句子可知，“This”指代前文“___4___ wasn’t I as well Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them (但我不也是吗？我来到这里不就是因为我和他们一样聪明吗？)”，这是作者初到新的学校和班级时对自己的怀疑。故选B项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我的第一轮成绩很优秀，第二轮也是如此。A. excellent极好的；B. average普通的；C. different不同的；D. unique独一无二的。根据“Fortunately(幸运地是)”可推知，作者第一轮的成绩应该很好。故选A项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最初的两年里，我开始建立起和在上一所学校时一样的信心。 A. responsibility责任；B. friendship友谊；C. confidence信心；D. teamwork团队合作。根据前文“Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be ___6___ , and so did my second.(幸运的是，我的第一轮成绩很优秀，第二轮也是如此)”可知，作者的成绩保持的很好，这让作者有了信心。故选C项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着每一项小小的成就，我的疑虑慢慢消失了。A. suddenly突然；B. frequently频繁地；C. accidentally意外地；D. slowly缓慢地。根据前文“With each little achievement(每一个小小的成就)”可知，随着每取得一点成绩，作者的自我怀疑就消失了，与“little”相呼应，这里应是“slowly”，表达“慢慢地消失”。故选D项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白，如果我多花几个小时学习，我经常可以缩小这种差距。A. close缩小；B. notice注意；C. locate位于；D. create创造。分析语境可知，“the gap(差距)”应是指前文“always a step or two ahead of me”提及的与成绩好的同学之间的差距，作者认为通过努力，可以缩小这种差距。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个优等生，但我一直在努力，而且我取得了进步。A. expecting期待；B. trying努力；C. wondering想知道；D. suffering遭受。根据后文“I made progress(我取得了进步)”可知，作者取得了进步是因为付出了努力。故选B项。
11．D 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C 16．B 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了义工詹妮弗照顾养老院91老人塞西莉亚的故事。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：嗨，塞西莉亚，你还记得我吗？我是詹妮弗。A. hear听；B. understand理解；C. trust相信；D.remember记得。根据下文“Jennifer”以及“but doesn’t seem to recognize Jennifer today.”可知，詹妮弗问塞西莉亚是否记得她。故选D项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗邀请塞西莉亚到院子里去。A. courtyard庭院；B. center中心；C. elevator电梯；D. room房间。根据下文“Down in the courtyard”可知，詹妮弗邀请塞西莉亚到院子里去。故选A项。
13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：塞西莉亚向前推进，詹妮弗轻轻地从后面引导她。A. bravely勇敢地；B. lightly 轻轻地；C. gratefully感激地；D. immediately立即。根据常识可知，塞西莉亚是个91岁的老人且坐着轮椅，所以要轻轻地引导她。 故选B项。
14．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：最近几个月，波士顿大学毕业生詹妮弗开始在该中心做志愿者，照顾患有阿尔茨海默病的居民，这两人就开始相互了解。A. relying on依靠；B. looking into调查；C. appealing to呼吁；D. caring for照顾，关心。根据下文“they get good care”可知，波士顿大学毕业生詹妮弗开始在该中心做志愿者，照顾患有阿尔茨海默病的居民。故选D项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗全神贯注地听着，然后问塞西莉亚是否知道这首诗是谁写的，以帮助她“脑洞大开”。A. hand手；B. leg腿；C. brain大脑；D. back后背。根据上文“asks if Cecelia knows who wrote the poem”以及下文“Together, they reflect on the poem’s meaning.”可知，然后问塞西莉亚是否知道这首诗是谁写的，以帮助她“脑洞大开”（恢复记忆）。故选C项。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：塞西莉亚对这首诗的深刻理解表明她是一位如此聪明的女士。A. frank坦率的；B. wise聪明的；C. modest谦虚的；D. humorous幽默的。根据上文“Cecelia’s deep understanding of the poem”可知，塞西莉亚对这首诗的深刻理解表明她是一位如此聪明的女士。故选B项。
17．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗告诉塞西莉亚：你是那个让我期待每周来到这里的人。A. look forward to期望；B. pay attention to注意 ；C. give in to屈服；D. object to反对。根据下文“I love learning from you. You’re like my teacher.”可知，詹妮弗告诉塞西莉亚：你是那个让我期待每周来到这里的人。故选A项。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你给老人们一个思考的机会，让他们知道自己得到了很好的照顾，”塞西莉亚回答。A. dream梦想；B. method方法；C. chance机会；D. plan计划。根据下文“to think and to know they get good care”可知，你给老人们一个思考的机会，让他们知道自己得到了很好的照顾。故选C项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗与塞西莉亚的关系在塑造她照顾老年人的热情方面发挥了重要作用。A. rediscovering重新发现；B. exchanging交流 ；C. consuming消费 ；D. shaping形成、塑造。根据上文“You’re the one who makes me ___7___ coming here every week. I love learning from you. You’re like my teacher.”以及下文“her passion for looking after older generations.”可知，詹妮弗与塞西莉亚的关系在塑造她照顾老年人的热情方面发挥了重要作用。故选D项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：倾听是一种善意的行为。A. friendship友谊；B. kindness善意；C. loyalty忠诚；D. courage勇气。根据上文“began to volunteer in the center”以及“listening”可知，倾听是一种善意的行为。故选B项。
21．C 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．D 30．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者作为老师，对任何没有交作业的学生都不接受理由，但是安东尼改变了她，让她开始学会倾听学生，也意识到倾听比不让孩子找借口更有效。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我变得不那么信任了，不再接受任何借口。A. inventing发明；B. finding发现；C. accepting接受；D. offering提供。根据上文“I heard countless make-believe stories for unfinished homework.”推知，作者不再接受任何借口。故选C。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快就获得了我认为我想要的声誉。A. reputation名声，名誉；B. benefit益处，好处；C. experience经历，经验；D. praise表扬。根据上文“Instead, I just sighed loudly and recorded a zero in the grade book.”推知，学生不完成作业的情况有所改善，作者得到了自己想要的“好老师”的声誉。故选A。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我能和你谈谈吗？”他害羞地问。A. loudly大声地；B. shyly害羞地；C. curiously好奇地；D. eagerly迫切地。根据下文“because I often come without my homework.”可知，男孩常常没有完成作业，因此和老师说话时应该是害羞的。故选B。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我知道你说没有借口，但我不想让你认为我很懒，因为我经常不带作业来。”A. poor贫穷的，可怜的；B. mean吝啬的；C. lazy懒惰的；D. weak虚弱的，差的。根据“because I often come without my homework.”推知，男孩不希望作者因为他常常不做作业就认为他懒惰。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只是……我爸爸搬出去了，我妈妈晚上工作，所以我必须照顾我的小弟弟。他们经常哭，我很难集中注意力……”A. behave举止；B. concentrate集中注意力；C. struggle挣扎；D. compete竞争。根据“Often, they cry a lot”可知，弟弟们的哭声让男孩很难集中注意力。故选B。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我改变了问题。A. question问题；B. tune调子；C. process进程，过程；D. thought想法。根据上文“I was about to ask why he didn’t tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why.”和下文“Would it help if you stayed after school and worked on it before you go home ”可知，作者改变了自己原本打算问男孩的问题。故选A。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她们的故事不再令人发笑，所有的都非常真实。A. complex复杂的；B. moving令人感动的；C. cool酷的，凉爽的；D. real真的。呼应上文“I heard countless make-believe stories for unfinished homework”可知，现在孩子们没有完成作业的原因都是真实的。故选D。
28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为我们付不起账单，电力公司把我们的灯关掉了。A. broke down出故障；B. put out熄灭；C. cut off切断；D. shut out把……关在门外。根据“because we couldn’t pay the bill.”可知，因为付不起电费，所以电力公司切断电源，即关了灯。故选C。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，我发现并非所有的孩子都来自可以给与他们帮助的家庭。A. disciplined遵守纪律的；B. peaceful和平的；C. traditional传统的；D. supportive给与帮助的，支持的。根据下文“Not all kids have a quiet bedroom with a desk and study light. Some don’t even have home.”推知，并非所有的孩子都来自可以给他们的学习提供帮助的家庭。故选D。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我学会了“我会倾听”比“没有借口”更有效!A. works工作，起作用，凑效；B. feels感觉；C. understands理解；D. controls控制。根据上文讲述的故事可知，作者规定学生不能为没有完成作业找借口，后来通过倾听，孩子们告诉了作者真实的原因，而不再是乱编的谎话。由此可知，作者认为“我会倾听”比“没有接口”更有效。故选A。
31．C 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．A 36．D 37．A 38．D 39．C 40．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者在森林散步的时候救助了一只小松鼠的故事。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我走在森林里，看到一只小松鼠从巢里掉了出来，虚弱地躺在地上。A. calm镇静的、沉着的；B. silent安静的、沉默的；C. weak虚弱的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文“who fell out of its nest”及下文内容可知，从巢里掉了出来，说明小松鼠现在很虚弱。故选C项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在等了两个多小时后，我发现它动不了，所以我决定把它带回家过夜。A. wave波动、招手；B. see看见；C. approach接近、走近；D. move移动、行动。根据下文“Three days later, Cathy could move in the room.”可知，小松鼠动不了了，所以需要将小松鼠带回家。故选D项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现她身上有一些杂草，所以我给她洗了个澡，把她洗干净了。A. ride短途旅程、旅行；B. bath沐浴、洗澡；C. choice选择；D. trick技巧、花招、诡计。根据后面“got her all cleaned up”可知，将它全身清理干净，说明是给小松鼠洗了个澡。故选B项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让我们高兴的是，她变得与我和我的家人更亲近了。A. ruder更粗鲁的；B. nobler 更高贵的、更华丽的；C. closer更亲近的；D. noisier更吵的。根据句意及下文内容可知，此处指与我的家人“更亲近”了。故选C项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的照顾下，松鼠宝宝的身体越来越好。A. care照料、护理；B. control控制；C. guidance引导；D. praise表扬。根据前面“Every day, I fed her a combination of healthy foods, including fruits, vegetables, and nuts.”可知，每天给小松鼠喂各种吃的，说明是在我的照顾下，小松鼠变得越来越好了。故选A项。
36．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：每个来我家的人都很喜欢她，她甚至和我的两条狗也相处得很好。A. put up举起、提高；B. got away逃离；C. broke up分手、打碎；D. got along相处。根据句意可知，此处表示“与我的两条狗相处得好”，get along with为固定搭配，表示“与……和睦相处”。故选D项。
37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一周后，凯茜完全康复了。A. completely完全地；B. differently不同地；C. anxiously焦急地；D. disappointedly失望地。根据后面的“I realized it was the right time for her to leave.”可知，是时候让小松鼠离开了，说明已经完全好了。故选A项。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我几次把她放回野外，但她总是回来！A. risked冒险；B. threw抛、丢弃；C. hid隐藏；D. released释放、松开。根据前面“I realized it was the right time for her to leave.”可知，此处是要将小松鼠放回野外。故选D项。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许她很感激我救了她，并以她自己的方式表达出来。A. happy开心的、幸福的；B. confident自信的；C. grateful感激的；D. proud骄傲的、自豪的。根据后面的“I saved her, and expressed it in her own way”可知，我救了它，说明它是在用自己的方式感激我。故选C项
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯茜给我的生活带来了很多快乐，看来她也这么觉得！A. security安全；B. joy喜悦、快乐；C. courage勇气；D. freedom自由。根据上文“To our delight, she got ____4____ to me and my family.”以及“Everyone who came to my home loved her, and she even ____6____ with my two dogs.”可知，此处指小松鼠给我们带来了很多快乐。故选B项。
41．C 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．A 46．C 47．B 48．D 49．B 50．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文介绍了一个项目，旨在让那些害羞的孩子通过与马建立联系，逐渐变得自信开朗。
41．考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，当她在一个夏天的周六被要求喂红褐色的马查理胡萝卜时，她慢慢地走近，有时不自信，转向一群等着喂它的孩子。A. happily高兴地；B. calmly平静地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. directly直接地。根据第一段第一句“Olivia, 9, was shy at first. She’d never been on a horse before. (9岁的奥利维亚一开始很害羞。她以前从未骑过马。)”可知她很害羞，所以当她被要求喂马时，她应该是缓慢地靠近。故选C项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥利维亚最终把胡萝卜放到了马口，查理舔了舔她的手，她喂了他最喜欢的食物。A. fed喂；B. left离开；C. made做；D. threw扔。通过上文可知她不敢喂马到最终把食物喂到了马的嘴里。当她把食物喂到马的嘴里时，查理舔了舔她的手。故选A项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这就是我所说的突破，”萨布丽娜说，她是一名社会工作者，与社区组织阿尔克布兰村合作，帮助孩子们克服他们的问题，让他们走上成功的道路。A. award奖项；B. exchange交流；C. negotiation谈判；D. breakthrough突破。根据上文Oliver由开始的害羞不敢喂马，到最后把食物喂到马的嘴里，这是一种突破。故选D项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“就是我所说的突破，”萨布丽娜说，她是一名社会工作者，与社区组织阿尔克布兰村合作，帮助孩子们克服他们的问题，让他们走上成功的道路。A. fame名声；B. success成功；C. responsibility责任；D. freedom自由。这个项目是帮助孩子突破自我走上成功的道路。故选B项。
45．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们学会了如何接近、喂马、刷马和上马，最后才有机会骑上它们。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. as当……时候/因为；D. though虽然。根据句意可知，在他们骑马之前需要学会接近马，喂马和刷马等。故选A项。
46．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A. take over接管；B. walk with与……同行；C. care for照顾/关心；D. respond to回应。通过前文“they were taught how to approach, feed, brush, and mount the horses(他们学会了如何接近、喂马、刷马和上马)”可知，孩子们通过照顾马和马建立联系。故选C项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A. routines常规；B. bonds联系；C. judgements判断；D. ideas主意。根据句意，孩子们通过照顾马与马建立联系。故选B项。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A. technical技术的；B. survival幸存的；C. organizational组织的；D. social社会的；社交的。根据本句“which can help them communicate with others(这能帮助孩子与他人沟通)，表明孩子们的社交技能将会发生积极变化。故选D项。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sabrina首先教孩子们，查理需要通过闻他们的手来熟悉他们。A. popular流行的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. satisfied感到满意的；D. patient有耐心的。根据下一句“Once Charlie was comfortable, the kids learned how to pet his face and head, and then how to use the lead rope, clean up Charlie’s messes, and feed him carrots.(一旦查理舒服了，孩子们就学会了如何抚摸他的脸和头，然后学会了如何使用牵绳，收拾查理的烂摊子，给他喂胡萝卜。)”可知，查理一开始是先从闻手上的气味开始熟悉孩子们。一旦熟悉了，孩子们就可以抚摸他们的脸和头。故选B项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的犹豫相符地变成了微笑、笑声和兴奋。A. resistance抗拒；B. disappointment失望；C. misunderstanding误解；D. hesitation犹豫。由最后一段“Olivia wasn’t the only kid who was nervous and shy at the beginning. But ultimately Olivia also wasn’t the only kid to leave more confident. (奥利维亚并不是唯一一个一开始就紧张害羞的孩子。但最终奥利维亚也不是唯一一个离开时更加自信的孩子。)可知，孩子们由一开始的犹豫最后转变为了自信和微笑。故选D项。
51．B 52．C 53．A 54．D 55．A 56．B 57．C 58．D 59．A 60．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了乔丹的妈妈教导他要注意礼仪，导致乔丹接下来几天，一直注意到生活中不礼貌的行为，觉得自己就像一个到处谈论礼仪的成年人。
51．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他疲惫地瘫倒在椅子上，吞下了一杯牛奶。A. nervously焦急地；B. tiredly疲劳地；C. disappointedly失望地；D. lazily懒散地。根据前文“It had been a crazy day at school.”可知，在学校度过了疯狂的一天，所以是疲惫的。故选B项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“请把饼干递给我，”乔丹重复道。A. complained抱怨；B. promised许诺；C. repeated重复；D. required需要。根据前文“Jordan asked his mom to pass the cookies to him.”以及““PLEASE pass the cookies,””可知，乔丹是把他的话重复了一遍。故选C项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉妈妈，他希望自己永远不用担心礼仪问题。A. manners礼貌；B. rules规则；C. spaces空间；D. foods食物。根据后文““If only he would remember to use his manners!” Jordan 　　　9　　　 stopped in the line.”可知，乔丹非常在意礼貌问题，所以此处是希望自己永远不用担心礼仪问题。故选A项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，爸爸伸手从乔丹的盘子里抓起煎饼。A. brought带来；B. carried搬；C. held抓住；D. grabbed抓住。根据前文“Jordan thought the food was yummy, and he piled the pancakes on his plate.”以及“Suddenly Dad reached over”可知，乔丹把煎饼堆在盘子里，爸爸突然伸手，是来抓煎饼。故选D项。
55．考查感叹词词义辨析。句意：他想知道那个“请”字怎么了。A. please请；B. sorry对不起；C. pardon原谅；D. hello你好。根据前文“Jordan asked his mom to pass the cookies to him. “Please,” insisted Mom.”可知，妈妈教导乔丹，注意礼貌，所以爸爸突然抓他盘子里的煎饼，而不说“请”，他感到奇怪。故选A项。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乔丹很惊讶。A. interested感兴趣的；B. astonished感到十分惊讶；C. moved受感动的；D. excited激动的。根据前文“A few seconds later, Mom downed a glass of orange juice and burped loudly.”可知，妈妈教导乔丹要注意礼仪，而她的表现却不注重礼貌，所以乔丹感到惊讶。故选B项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当乔丹第二天出现在学校时，他确信他的世界里所有的青少年都出了问题，而他的同学大卫在一群学生面前插队。A. pulled拉；B. stopped停止；C. pushed推动；D. changed改变。根据后文“The other students looked disgusted”可知，其他同学很反感，因为大卫在插队，所以push his way意为“挤过去”符合句意。故选C项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他学生看起来很反感，乔丹看着又一片乌云在大卫面前飘起。A. listened倾听；B. seemed好像；C. touched触摸；D. watched注视。根据后文“another black cloud floated up in front of David.”可知，此处是指乔丹看到了又一片乌云在大卫面前飘起。故选D。
59．考查副词词义辨析。句意：乔丹突然在队伍中停了下来。A. suddenly突然；B. actually事实上；C. obviously明显地；D. absolutely绝对地。根据后文“Thinking about his words and these two days’ observation”可知，是乔丹突然想到这几天的说过的话，突然停了下来。故选A项。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：想到自己说过的话和这两天的观察，他感到很惊讶，他发现自己就像一个到处谈论礼仪的成年人。A. remembered回想起；B. realized意识到；C. imagined想象；D. believed相信。根据前文“Thinking about his words and these two days’ observation”以及后文“he was just like an adult who talked about manners everywhere.”可知，此处是指，乔丹突然想到这几天的说过的话，意识到自己就像一个到处谈论礼仪的成年人。故选B项。
61．A 62．D 63．C 64．B 65．D 66．A 67．A 68．B 69．C 70．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述的是作者的一次海上航行，偶遇暴风雨，让作者感受到生命的短暂，由此改变了对生活的态度。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，我和六个渔夫一起坐一条小船出海。A. sea大海；B. breakfast早餐；C. exercise锻炼；D. beaches海滩。根据前文“I had just become a professional photographer and was working on a project about communities who live on the sea.”可知，作者刚成为一名专业摄影师的时候，正在拍摄一个关于生活在海上的社区的项目，故此处表示和六个渔夫坐船出海。故选A。
62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：20分钟后，一名渔民指着远处的一个小白点。A. ship船只；B. bird鸟；C. star星星；D. spot点。根据后文“It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly.”可知，一名渔民指着远处的一个小白点，它很快变得越来越大。故选D。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一场海啸正在海洋中快速移动！A. squeezing挤；B. swinging摇晃；C. speeding快速移动；D. breaking打破。根据后文“We were stuck.”可知，海浪的速度飞快，在海洋中疾驰。故选C。
64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始感到非常害怕。A. puzzled困惑的；B. scared害怕的；C. disappointed失望的；D. interested感兴趣的。根据前文“We were stuck.”可知，作者一行遭遇了海啸，被困住了，根据常识可推断作者感到非常害怕。故选B。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我们坐在哪里，这样我们就能使船保持平衡。A. abandon抛弃；B. repair修理；C. board登陆；D. balance平衡。根据前文“where to sit”可知，此处表示船长告诉作者和其他人坐在原地，这样保持船的平衡。故选D。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：波浪击中了小船，但熟练的船长设法使我们转向，使我们上了浪头。A. hit击中；B. destroyed破坏；C. missed错过；D. overturned推翻。根据后文“but the incredibly ___7___ captain managed to swerve(使突然转向)us up and onto the wave.”可知，船长让船转向行驶到海浪之上，因此可知海浪击中了小船。故选A。
67．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. skilled熟练的；B. proud骄傲的；C. hopeless绝望的；D. violent暴力的。根据后文的“managed to swerve(使突然转向)us up and onto the wave.”可知，船长熟练地将船只转变方向，冲到了海浪上。故选A。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：船长救了我们所有人。A. left离开；B. saved拯救；C. corrected纠正；D. cheated欺骗。根据前文“Everyone let out heavy sighs.”可知，每个人都长舒了一口气，可推断船长拯救了我们。故选B。
69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生存让我深刻地认识到生命是多么短暂。A. fair公平的；B. happy高兴的；C. short短的；D. positive积极的。根据前文的“Surviving”可知，作者在生死关头认识到生命是多么的短暂。故选C。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我的照片改变了我的生活。A. took带走；B. showed展示；C. entered进入；D. changed改变。根据前文“Surviving gave me a deep understanding of how ___9___ life can be.”可知，作者在生死关头拍下的照片让作者意识到生命是多么的短暂，由此改变了作者对生活的认识。故选D。
71．C 72．B 73．A 74．A 75．B 76．D 77．C 78．D 79．B 80．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。“笑是最好的良药”。许多研究表明，幸福感更高的人往往有更好的医疗结果。文章对此进行了解释。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多研究表明，幸福感更高的人往往有更好的医疗结果。A. success成功；B. confidence信心；C. happiness快乐；幸福；D. determination决心。结合上文“Laughter is the best medicine”可知，此处指笑带给人们的更大的幸福往往会带来更好的医疗结果。故选C。
72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，2017年诺丁汉大学的一项研究测试了138名接受正常流感注射的退休人员的情绪效果。A. avoiding避免；B. receiving接受；C. missing错过；D. organizing组织。结合下文“the normal flu injection”可知，此处指他们接受流感疫苗的注射。故选B。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些在接种疫苗当天感到高兴的人继续产生更多的抗流感抗体。A. produce制造；生产；B. repair修理；C. detect发现；D. absorb吸收。根据空前“Those who felt happy on the day of the vaccination”及下文“more flu-fighting antibodies”可知，对于当天接种疫苗的人而言，他们会产生更多的流感抗体。故选A。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是高兴真的能带来健康吗，还是恰恰相反呢？A. health健康；B. mood情绪；C. relationship关系；D. performance表现。结合前文“ people’s mood affects the activation of genes that fight disease.”可知，人们的情绪会影响对抗疾病的基因的激活，所以此处是在问高兴真的能带来健康吗。故选A。
75．考查副词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，那些拥有强大免疫系统的人自然也会有更高水平的其他改善情绪的大脑化学物质。A. gradually逐渐地；B. naturally自然地；C. randomly随便地；任意地；D. rarely稀有地。根据下文“have higher levels of other mood-improving brain chemicals as well”可知，拥有强大免疫系统的人自然也会有更高水平的其他改善情绪的大脑化学物质。故选B。
76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里有一个可能的进化解释。A. solution解决方法；B. prediction预测；C. application应用；D. explanation解释。根据下文内容提示，可知此处是用人类的进化来作解释。故选D。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类作为社会性生物进化而来，它们群体合作以获得食物并保护自己免受野生动物的伤害。A. consume消费；B. serve服务；C. secure（尤指通过努力）获得；取得；D. purchase购买。根据下文“protect themselves from wild animals”可知，此处指人类通过群体合作来获得食物。故选C。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们与朋友和家人的密切关系网更快乐，因为这提高了我们生存的机会。A. fixed固定的；B. enormous巨大的；C. complicated复杂的；D. close亲近的；亲密的。结合下文“network of friends and family because this improved our chances of survival. But closely socializing groups”可知，这里指和朋友及家人之间的亲密关系，提高了我们的生存机会。故选D。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，密切社交的群体也是流感和感冒等呼吸道感染的滋生地，因此我们需要增加抗击这些疾病的基因的活性。A. functions功能；B. infections传染病；C. activities活动；D. systems系统。结合下文“such as flu and colds”可知，感冒和流感是传染病。故选B。
80．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，对于那些与社会隔绝的人来说，传染病并不是什么大问题，帮助他们从身体伤害中恢复过来的基因可能会被优先考虑，而不是那些对抗疾病的基因。A. cut off 切断；B. taken over掌管；C. picked out挑选出；D. made up编造。结合上文“closely socializing groups are also breeding grounds for respiratory (呼吸的) 　9　　 such as flu and colds”及下文“infectious disease was less of a problem”可知，密切社交的群体也是流感和感冒等呼吸道感染的滋生地，因而若要没有传染病得问题，就要切断和社会的联系。故选A。