2024届高考英语备考2023北京高三一模英语汇编（10份打包）

2023北京高三一模英语汇编
阅读表达
一、阅读表达
（2023·北京东城·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
We all like to think that we are rational (理性的) thinkers, but poor decisions and choices are evident all around us: staying in bad relationships or boring jobs, taking up smoking, eating too much junk food; the list goes on. So why can’t we make better decisions One reason appears to be what psychologists call “decision fatigue”: the idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control. For example, if you are ground down by everyday struggles, you have less mental energy for good decisions.
However, studies point to the fact that deciding things early in the day is likely to lead to better outcomes. Most of us will have had the experience of going to bed with a seemingly unsolvable problem, only to wake up with a flash of inspiration the next morning. So decisions made when we feel least tired are more likely to be the right ones.
Another worthwhile strategy is to pretend that you are advising an imaginary friend, rather than relating decisions to your own life. This creates a distance between you and the issues in question, and can help you to think logically rather than emotionally.
People often advise making lists of advantages and disadvantages, and then prioritizing the items in each list. This can certainly be helpful, but we need to be careful not to over-think every decision. We may overestimate the value of information, and sometimes it is better simply to go with our gut instinct (直觉).
Perhaps the most important thing we can do to minimize the possibility of regret is to make sure that our decisions are in line with our life values; in other words, to have a life vision and be true to it. Instead of asking ourselves questions such as “Which option is safer ” or “Which option is best financially ”, it is far better to ask “How will I feel about this when I’m 70 ”.
1．What does “decision fatigue” mean
________________
2．Why do people tend to make good decisions early in the day
________________
3．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts.
________________
4．In addition to the strategies in the passage, please suggest another way to make good decisions. (In about 40 words)
________________
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In Martin County, Florida, two non-profit organizations have come together to plant seeds of hope through community gardening. Recently, the House of Hope charity for the homeless and people with addictions and other mental health issues partnered with Project L.I.F.T. an organization that helps at-risk teens, to grow community gardens in four small towns across the county.
The teens in Project L.I. F.T.’s program—many of them aged 14-19 who are also struggling with addictions, managing mental health or legal issues—visit the gardens every day after school where they grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals. They take some of the produce home to their families but most is sent to House of Hope for the homeless community.
Beyond the need for food, Project L.I.F.T. hoped the gardens would provide an educational opportunity for their teens.
“We’re trying to teach kids nutrition to deal with the health problems—diabetes and obesity—in our community, but when we get into the garden, now they’re doing hands-on stuff that really connects.” Bob Zaccheo, the executive director of Project L.I.F.T. tells Guideposts. org.
The gardens also offer the teens professional skills that can help them find work later in their largely rural county. Beyond skills, this project has helped the teens find confidence and hope for their futures.
So far, the four gardens around Martin County have generated 100 pounds of produce for House of Hope and the community at large. Although the amount of food can’t meet the greater need of the area, the program is an opportunity to teach kids that the importance of giving back is just as valuable as the food they’re harvesting.
“You see a major shift in the thinking of these kids,” Zaccheo says. “You see them giving. The kids are learning to give at a bigger level than they’ve ever been able to give at before.”
5．What kind of organization is Project L.L.F.T.
______________________________________________________________________
6．What do the teens do when they visit the gardens
______________________________________________________________________
7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The four gardens were built only to provide an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.
______________________________________________________________________
8．In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else could at-risk teens learn through community gardening Explain why. (In about 40 words)
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（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）E-waste is a serious problem that isn't going to get better on its own. Here are some do-it-yourself tips on how to manage e-waste.
Maybe the biggest cause of our e-waste problem is the fact that we buy things that we just don't need. Next time you feel like you need a device or electronic item, stop yourself and ask if it is truly necessary. This is maybe also the easiest way we can manage e-waste. Organize your electronics. If you don't keep your connectors, DVDs, wires and gadgets organized, you won't be aware of what you have. When we buy duplicate electronics because we think we need them, we are contributing to our growing e-waste problem. “How to manage e-waste”becomes less of an issue when we keep our own houses in order.
If you do not need a piece of equipment and it is in good enough condition to be reused, donate it as soon as you can so that somebody else can use it Donations are good for us because they are a useful way to get tax deductions (减税), and a lot of times that tax deduction will be close to the value of the item had you tried to sell it. Take your electronics back to the store. Some stores offer trade- in programs, where you can drop off your old equipment in return for gift cards.
There are also places to sell electronics that might be valuable to somebody else. Just be sure to sell them right away, because they lose value very rapidly in our changing market.
If you are frequently receiving memory sticks and little gadgets, collect them into a good-e -bag, Whenever you no longer need a USB stick or a small electronic device, toss it into the bag. You might be surprised at how quickly it fill up. So be sure you are utilizing your materials and products thoughtfully. With these tips you can use DIY solutions to learn how to manage e-waste. Your house will be cleaner, you will save money and you'll be doing a good thing.
9. What is the biggest cause of our e-waste problem
______________________________________________________________________
10. How can people get tax deductions when managing e- -waste
______________________________________________________________________
11. Please decide which part is false in the flowing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Sell the electronics that. you don't need right away because the earlier you sell them, the more gift cards you can get.
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12. Why do we need to manage our e- waste (In about 40 words)
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（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Over the years I have been fascinated to read about studies into the power of touch.
One famous study examined videos of how people responded to those near them who had been the victim of a bad fortune. Researchers looked at their interaction with the victim, and compared this with behaviour in non-human primates (灵长类动物). It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. It makes sense for me that offering hugs to calm victims may be an instinct that we got from primate ancestors.
Another study found that when the husband or wife of a patient in sorrow or discomfort reaches out and holds their hand and, as if by magic, they become settled and less sorrowful. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, as we have known for many years about the importance of touch. It symbolizes safety and love, and this is actually one of the most important aspects for development as a child. Is it any wonder that, when we are upset and distressed as adults, we seek out the same things Whether young or old, humans are wired to be touched.
Nevertheless, many people today suffer from “touch hunger”, which typically occurs when a person experiences little touch or contact for a long time. It serves as a warning that the sense of security and care that comes with the contact of touch is missing. Thus, their well-being can suffer. It is associated with greater stress, anxiety and loneliness, and lower-quality sleep.
Actually, even the briefest touch from us can bring strong emotional experiences to the receivers who suffer from “touch hunger”. A warm handshake, a gentle pat on the shoulder, or a high-five is often enough to convey love and care.
Be a giver!
13．What did the first study find about touch
____________________________________________________________
14．Why is touch important
____________________________________________________________
15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Touch has the great power to give people who suffer from “touch hunger“ strong emotional experiences, but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care.
____________________________________________________________
16．Apart from touch, what other way(s) do you often use to express your love and care in your life (In about 40 words)
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（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
If you’ve spent any time on social media sites, you’ve probably noticed it: parents share news, photos, and other information about their children. This phenomenon is called “sharenting”, a combination of the words “sharing” and
“parenting”.
Much of the research on sharenting focuses on why parents choose to share online. Studies found that for parents of infants (婴儿), sharenting can help ease the social isolation that comes with this period in their children’s lives. Parents of teenagers also share information about their kids on social media. Research has shown their motivations include communicating their pride in their children’s accomplishments and informing friends and family about their kids’ lives.
However, when parents post about their children on social media with high frequency, the phenomenon of “oversharenting” occurs, which can be a great cause for concern. For example, if parents share too much information that their children don’t want disclosed, it may lead them to withhold information about their lives from their parents so they can better control what can and can’t be posted about them.
Additionally, the cute photos or funny observations parents share online about their children could become a problem when their kids get older. In particular, colleges and employers are increasingly checking applicants’ online activity, and as a result, information posted by parents could become a source of embarrassment or affect a potential college’s or employer’s assessment of their child.
Sharing information has never been faster than in the digital age. While it can be very convenient to post milestones of their children, it’s important for parents to ensure they’re sharenting responsibly. After all it’s not just a picture, it’s the child and their digital footprint.
17．According to the passage, what is sharenting
______________________________________________________________________
18．Why do parents of infants choose to share online
______________________________________________________________________
19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When parents oversharent, their children may make up information about their lives to better control what can and can’t be posted about them.
______________________________________________________________________
20．Besides what’s mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your parents oversharent (In about 40 words)
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（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Leo has always been the kind of child who looks for close connections. When Leo was in preschool, he befriended Neve, who was only two. When Neve was not around, instead of finding a new partner, Leo began to treat Celia, a voice assistant, as his new friend.
At first, Leo mostly asked Celia factual questions like “How many stars are there in the Milky Way ” He then turned to the personal questions, “Celia, how old are you ” She responded, “Age is nothing but a number.” He insisted, in the way children do, “How old are you ” She replied, “I’m not qualified for a driver’s license, but it may be more to do with the fact that I don’t have a body.”
As time passed by, Leo began to engage Celia on more, let’s say, existential questions. “When will the sun swallow the earth ” he asked. “7.5 billion years,” according to Celia. Leo was satisfied, “Oh, okay. I’ll be dead by then.” Then he asked, “Why does everything on earth have to die ” She replied coldly, “I’m having trouble with the connection.” Celia, I realized, had an avoidant communication style, often hiding behind some kind of technical problems when she didn’t like a question.
As a mother, it was strange to see my child interacting with a virtual assistant rather than a real person. But I also recognized that Celia was providing him with a kind of emotional support that he wasn’t getting elsewhere. In a way, she was like a diary that talked back.
I wondered if this reliance on technology was healthy, but I knew that Leo was far from alone in seeking comfort in his devices. Although I hope that Leo will continue to seek out human connections, I’m grateful to Celia for being there for my son when he needed her. And who knows Maybe she’ll turn out to be his soulmate after all.
21．What is Celia
______________________________________________________________________
22．What kind of questions did Leo ask Celia at first
______________________________________________________________________
23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Leo’s mother encourages him to seek out human connections and disagrees with his interacting with Celia.
______________________________________________________________________
24．What do you think of virtual assistants becoming a source of emotional support for people (In about 40 words)
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（2023·北京房山·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Throughout our lives, we are faced with many different learning experiences. Some of these experiences have made more of an impact than others. This can be due to different intelligences or learning styles. A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily.
The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed in 1983 by Dr. Gardner in his book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, and it suggests that traditional ideas about intelligence, measured by standardized IQ tests, are very limited. According to him, eight different intelligences are proposed to describe the range of different abilities in children and adults. They are: linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and naturalistic intelligence.
Some schools focus attention on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences. However, Dr. Gardner says that we should place equal attention on people who possess the other intelligences: designers, athletes, musicians, salesmen, psychologists, and biologists.
Education can be much more interesting and help more students to learn more effectively if teachers are encouraged to present lessons in a wide variety of ways using music, group work, art activities, role-play, multimedia, field trips, among others. The good news is that hundreds of schools are currently using the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children. By doing so, students will perform better and store more important information in their minds. Understanding a student’s learning style can help later in life and lead them into a more fulfilling career direction.
The theory of multiple intelligences also gives adults a whole new way to look at their lives, examining potentials that they left behind in their childhood, such as a love for art or drama. They may now have the opportunity to develop these through hobbies or other programs of self-development.
25．According to the passage, what is a person’s learning style
__________________________________________________________________________
26．What does Dr. Gardner use the eight intelligences to describe
__________________________________________________________________________
27．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences.
__________________________________________________________________________
28．Which intelligence do you want to develop most Why (In about 40 words)
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（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In today’s modern era, technology is expanding rapidly and it is being used by mankind for their benefit. The major benefit that developing technology has provided is allowing individuals to work from home.
Organizations can save a huge amount of capital by making employees work from home. Moreover, this reduces other expenses associated with the workspace and accommodates an increased number of employees at the same time. As stated above, employers have the benefits of reducing the expenses associated with the workplace, borrowing land for the workplace. Since, nowadays, expenses of buildings and owning lands are very high, this could save the organizations a large sum of money.
To quote an example, India observes an extremely low rate in the companies that used to provide remote work prior to the pandemic hitting the global nations. Post the pandemic, several companies understood the importance of working from home and the associated benefits of working remotely. Thus, most of organizations have started promoting remote work due to which they have saved a huge amount of money and increased their turnover and productivity approaches.
The second major benefit associated with remote work is the lack of the necessity to travel, which reduces the chances of being stuck in traffic. This has increased productivity and efficiency at work and saved a potential amount of time for them that they could invest in other productive activities.
To summarize, it cannot be denied that developing technologies have a number of benefits to society as it has allowed individuals to manage their time effectively. Moreover, it also helps with social life balance.
29．According to this passage, what makes individuals able to work from home
________________
30．In the sentence “…this could save the organizations a large sum of money” in paragraph 2, what does “this” mean
________________
31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Working from home can do many benefits, because it reduces employers’ capital as well as individuals’ working time.
________________
32．What do you think are disadvantages of working from home (In about 40 words)
________________
参考答案
1．The idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control. 2．Because that’s when people feel least tired. 3．Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts. According to the passage over-thinking may overestimate the value of information, so sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions. 4．I think when you make a decision, that decision is a good way to realize the values that you hold, but you can also afford the worst consequences of it.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。我们都喜欢认为自己是理性的思考者，但糟糕的决定和选择在我们周围随处可见。就此现象文章给出了做正确决定的一些方法。
1．考查词句猜测。根据划线词下文“the idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control.(认为我们在做决定和练习自我控制方面的能量储存有限的想法)”可知，“decision fatigue”是指认为自己在做决定和练习自我控制方面的能量储存有限。故答案为：The idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control.
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Most of us will have had the experience of going to bed with a seemingly unsolvable problem, only to wake up with a flash of inspiration the next morning. So decisions made when we feel least tired are more likely to be the right ones.(我们大多数人都会有这样的经历：带着一个看似无法解决的问题上床睡觉，第二天早上醒来时却灵光一现。因此，当我们感到最不累的时候做出的决定更有可能是正确的)”可知，人们倾向于在早上做出正确的决定是因为那个时候是人们感到最不累的时候。故答案为：Because that’s when people feel least tired.
3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“People often advise making lists of advantages and disadvantages, and then prioritizing the items in each list. This can certainly be helpful, but we need to be careful not to over-think every decision. We may overestimate the value of information, and sometimes it is better simply to go with our gut instinct (直觉).(人们经常建议列出优势和劣势，然后对每个列表中的项目进行优先级排序。这当然会有所帮助，但我们需要小心，不要过度考虑每一个决定。我们可能高估了信息的价值，有时最好还是凭直觉行事)”可知，有时根据直觉做出决定是个不错的主意，是因为有时过度思考会高估了信息的价值。故答案为：Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts. According to the passage over-thinking may overestimate the value of information, so sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions.
4．开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：I think when you make a decision, that decision is a good way to realize the values that you hold, but you can also afford the worst consequences of it.
5．An organization that helps at-risk teens. 6．They grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals. 7．The four gardens were built only to provide an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.
The four gardens were built to provide both food for homeless people and an educational opportunity for at-risk teens. 8．They can learn to cooperate with each other better and also learn to give back the love they have received during gardening and also pass that energy and love to others who need help.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了弗洛里达州马丁县的两个非营利组织联合起来，帮助了无数无家可归的、有毒瘾和其他精神健康问题的人。
5．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Recently, the House of Hope charity for the homeless and people with addictions and other mental health issues partnered with Project L.I.F.T.an organization that helps at-risk teens, to grow community gardens in four small towns across the county.(最近，针对无家可归者、有毒瘾和其他精神健康问题的人的慈善机构“希望之家”与帮助高危青少年的组织“l.i.f.t.项目”合作，在全县的四个小镇种植社区花园。)”可知，Project L.I.F.T是一个帮助高危青少年的组织。故答案为An organization that helps at-risk teens.
6．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“The teens in Project L.I. F.T.’ s program—many of them aged 14-19 who are also struggling with addictions, managing mental health or legal issues—visit the gardens every day after school where they grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals.(参加L.I. F.T计划的青少年——其中许多年龄在14-19岁之间，他们也在与毒瘾作斗争，处理心理健康或法律问题——每天放学后都会去花园，在那里他们种种子，维护和浇灌植物，收获农产品，并学习自己做饭。)”可知，他们在花园里会种种子，维护和浇灌植物，收获农产品，并学习自己做饭。故答案为They grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals.
7．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“They take some of the produce home to their families but most is sent to House of Hope for the homeless community.(他们把一些农产品带回家，但大部分都送到了无家可归者社区的希望之家。)”和第三段“Beyond the need for food, Project L.I.F.T. hoped the gardens would provide an educational opportunity for their teens.(除了对食物的需求，L.I.F.T.项目还希望菜园能为他们的青少年提供教育机会。)”可知，花园不仅仅是为了用来给高危青少年提供教育机会而建的，还用于给无家可归的人提供食物等。故答案为The four gardens were built only to provide an educational opportunity for at-risk teens. The four gardens were built to provide both food for homeless people and an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.
8．开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：他们可以学会更好地相互合作，也学会回报他们在园艺过程中得到的爱，并将这种能量和爱传递给需要帮助的人。故答案为：They can learn to cooperate with each other better and also learn to give back the love they have received during gardening and also pass that energy and love to others who need help.
9. What is the biggest cause of our e-waste problem
The biggest cause of our e-waste is (the fact) that we buy things that we just don’t need.
It is the fact that we buy things that we just don’t need. /(The fact)That we buy things that we just don’t need.
10. How can people get tax deductions when managing e-waste
They/People get tax deductions by making donations. /Through donations.
Donating is a useful way to get tax deductions.
By donating (their equipment when it is in good enough condition).
11. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Sell the electronics that you don’t need right away because the earlier you sell them, the more gift cards you can get.
According to the passage, sell the electronics that you don’t need right away because they lose value very rapidly in our changing market.
According to the passage, because the electronics lose value very rapidly in our changing market, the earlier you sell them, the more valuable they will remain.
12. Why do we need to manage our e-waste (In about 40 words)
Possible version:
Managing our e-waste can reduce the pressure on the environment. If we don’t deal with the fast-growing e-waste properly, it will pollute our environment or even affect the food chain. Plus, it can relieve the shortage of metal resources, because some metals in e-waste are reusable if they are recycled.
13．It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. 14．It symbolizes safety and love which are important to both children and adults. 15．but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care.
Even a brief touch like a handshake is enough to convey love and care. 16．(1) I often write notes to people I love. For example, I often write notes to remind my family to put on their coats on cold days, expressing my care and love. When reading the warm Words, they feel loved and cared.
(2) I often have little conversations with my loved ones. Talking with my parents after sch1ool can help relieve their tiredness from work. Besides, I prepare gifts for them on special occasions. The handmade gifts convey my appreciation for what they have done for me.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，触摸给人带来安全感；当人们难过时，触摸给人以安慰和安定的感觉。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段前三句“One famous study examined videos of how people responded to those near them who had been the victim of a bad fortune. Researchers looked at their interaction with the victim, and compared this with behaviour in non-human primates (灵长类动物). It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way.(一项著名的研究调查了人们如何回应他们附近遭遇不幸的人的视频。研究人员观察了它们与受害者的互动，并与非人类灵长类动物的行为进行了比较(灵长类动物)。研究发现，人类和灵长类动物以类似的方式相互安慰并表现出关心。)”可知，研究发现，人类和灵长类动物以类似的方式相互安慰并表现出关心。故答案为It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way.
14．推理判断题。根据第三段前三句“Another study found that when the husband or wife of a patient in sorrow or discomfort reaches out and holds their hand and, as if by magic, they become settled and less sorrowful. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, as we have known for many years about the importance of touch. It symbolizes safety and love, and this is actually one of the most important aspects for development as a child. (另一项研究发现，当悲伤或不适的病人的丈夫或妻子伸出手握住他们的手时，就像魔法一样，他们会安定下来，悲伤也会减少。也许我们不应该感到惊讶，因为我们多年来一直知道触摸的重要性。它象征着安全和爱，这实际上是孩子成长过程中最重要的方面之一。)”可知，触摸象征着安全和爱，这对儿童和成人都很重要。故答案为It symbolizes safety and love which are important to both children and adults.
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二端“Actually, even the briefest touch from us can bring strong emotional experiences to the receivers who suffer from “touch hunger”. A warm handshake, a gentle pat on the shoulder, or a high-five is often enough to convey love and care.(其实，即使是我们最简单的触碰，也能给“触碰饥饿”的受者带来强烈的情感体验。一个温暖的握手，轻轻拍一下肩膀，或者一个击掌，都足以传达爱和关心。)”可知，即使是一个简单的握手，也能传达爱和关心，因此所给句子中后半部分“but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care”是错的。故答案为：错误部分：but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care. 原因：Even a brief touch like a handshake is enough to convey love and care.
16．开放题。言之有理即可。例如：除了触摸，我们可以写温暖的字条来鼓励或提醒别人，让他们感到温暖；我们也可以和别人进行简短的对话，嘘寒问暖；我们也可以送别人小礼物来表达我们的关心。40词以内。故答案为：(1) I often write notes to people I love. For example, I often write notes to remind my family to put on their coats on cold days, expressing my care and love. When reading the warm Words, they feel loved and cared.或(2) I often have little conversations with my loved ones. Talking with my parents after sch1ool can help relieve their tiredness from work. Besides, I prepare gifts for them on special occasions. The handmade gifts convey my appreciation for what they have done for me.
17．It is a phenomenon where parents share news, photos, and other information about their children. 18．Because sharenting can help ease the social isolation that comes with this period in their children’s lives. 19．When parents oversharent, their children may make up information about their lives to better control what can and can’t be posted about them.
According to the passage, their children may withhold information about their lives from their parents to better control what can and can’t be posted about them. 20．If my parents oversharent, I can talk to them and express my concerns about the information they’re sharing online. I can also set boundaries and ask them to get my permission before sharing anything about me, or ask them to limit the audience of their posts.
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新生单词——“sharenting”，也就是“晒娃”。文章分析了这种现象产生的原因以及可能存在的问题。
17．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“If you’ve spent any time on social media sites, you’ve probably noticed it: parents share news, photos, and other information about their children. This phenomenon is called “sharenting”, a combination of the words “sharing” and “parenting”.(如果你花时间在社交媒体网站上，你可能已经注意到：父母分享新闻、照片和其他关于孩子的信息。这种现象被称为“晒娃”，由“分享”和“养育”两个词组合而成。)”可知，所谓的“sharenting”指的是一种父母在社交媒体分析关于孩子的新闻、照片和其他信息。故答案为It is a phenomenon where parents share news, photos, and other information about their children.。
18．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Studies found that for parents of infants(婴儿), sharenting can help ease the social isolation that comes with this period in their children’s lives.(研究发现，对于有婴儿的父母来说，“晒娃”有助于缓解他们在孩子这一阶段中所面临的社会孤立。)”可知，对于有婴儿的父母而言，“晒娃”有助于缓解他们在孩子这一阶段中所面临的社会孤立。故答案为Because sharenting can help ease the social isolation that comes with this period in their children’s lives.。
19．考查推理判断。根据文章第三段“However, when parents post about their children on social media with high frequency, the phenomenon of “oversharenting” occurs, which can be a great cause for concern. For example, if parents share too much information that their children don’t want disclosed, it may lead them to withhold information about their lives from their parents so they can better control what can and can’t be posted about them.(然而，当父母在社交媒体上频繁地晒孩子的照片时，“过度晒娃”的现象就会出现，这可能是一个令人担忧的问题。例如，如果父母分享了太多孩子不想透露的信息，这可能会导致他们对父母隐瞒自己的生活信息，这样他们就能更好地控制哪些信息可以发布，哪些信息不可以发布。)”可知，如果父母过度晒娃，孩子可能就会对父母隐瞒自己的生活信息。因此原句中的“make up information about their lives”是错误的。故答案为When parents oversharent, their children may make up information about their lives to better control what can and can’t be posted about them.
According to the passage, their children may withhold information about their lives from their parents to better control what can and can’t be posted about them.。
20．开放题。要求考生以自己为例，说明如果父母过度晒出自己的生活信息，自己会如何做，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为If my parents oversharent, I can talk to them and express my concerns about the information they’re sharing online. I can also set boundaries and ask them to get my permission before sharing anything about me, or ask them to limit the audience of their posts.。
21．A voice assistant. 22．Factual questions. 23．Leo’s mother encourages him to seek out human connections and disagrees with his interacting with Celia.
According to the passage, Leo’s mother was grateful to Celia for offering emotional support to his son. So, she is in favor of Leo’s interacting with Celia. 24．I think it’s good, because virtual assistants have been developed to help people manage stress, anxiety, and other mental health concerns. While they cannot replace human interaction and professional therapy, they can provide a level of support and guidance for those who may not have access to other resources.
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的儿子和语音助手之间的亲密关系，作者认为自己的儿子对语音助手的依赖可能是源自于一种情感上的支持。
21．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“When Neve was not around, instead of finding a new partner, Leo began to treat Celia, a voice assistant, as his new friend.(当Neve不在身边时，Leo并没有寻找新的伴侣，而是开始把语音助手Celia当作自己的新朋友。)”可知，Celia是一个语音助手。故答案为A voice assistant。
22．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“At first, Leo mostly asked Celia factual questions like “How many stars are there in the Milky Way ”(一开始，Leo主要问Celia一些事实性的问题，比如“银河系里有多少颗星星 ”)”可知，最初Leo主要问Celia一些事实性的问题。故答案为Factual questions。
23．考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“As a mother, it was strange to see my child interacting with a virtual assistant rather than a real person. But I also recognized that Celia was providing him with a kind of emotional support that he wasn’t getting elsewhere. In a way, she was like a diary that talked back.(作为一名母亲，看到我的孩子与虚拟助手而不是真人互动，感觉很奇怪。但我也意识到Celia给了他一种情感上的支持，这是他在别处得不到的。在某种程度上，她就像一本会互动的日记。)”可知，作者认为Celia给了自己的儿子情感上的支持，从父母的角度看，这是值得感激的。所以作者支持儿子和Celia之间的互动。也就是原句中的“disagrees with his interacting with Celia.”是错误的。故答案为Leo’s mother encourages him to seek out human connections and disagrees with his interacting with Celia.
According to the passage, Leo’s mother was grateful to Celia for offering emotional support to his son. So, she is in favor of Leo’s interacting with Celia.
24．开放题。要求考生评价虚拟助理成为人们情感支持这一现象，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为I think it’s good, because virtual assistants have been developed to help people manage stress, anxiety, and other mental health concerns. While they cannot replace human interaction and professional therapy, they can provide a level of support and guidance for those who may not have access to other resources.。
25．A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily. 26．To describe the range of different abilities in children and adults. 27．To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences.
To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should use the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children. 28．I want to develop my spatial intelligence most. Because I think a sense of space is very important to a person. In addition, I am interested in architecture and would like to be a building designer when I graduate from university.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了学习风格的概念以及八种不同的智力和学校所采取的教育模式。
25．考查细节理解。根据第一段“A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily.(一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法)”可知，一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法。故答案为A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily.
26．考查细节理解。根据第二段“According to him, eight different intelligences are proposed to describe the range of different abilities in children and adults.(他提出了八种不同的智力来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围)”可知，加德纳博士用八种智能来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围。故答案为To describe the range of different abilities in children and adults.
27．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The good news is that hundreds of schools are currently using the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children. By doing so, students will perform better and store more important information in their minds.(好消息是，目前有数百所学校正在使用多元智能理论来设计他们教育孩子的方式。通过这样做，学生们会表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要的信息)”可知，为了帮助学生表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要信息，学校应该使用多元智能理论来设计教育孩子的方式。错误部分为“schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences”。故答案为To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences.To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should use the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children.
28．开放性题目。题干：你最想培养哪种智力？为什么？可回答：我最想发展我的空间智能。因为我认为空间感对一个人来说很重要。另外，我对建筑很感兴趣，大学毕业后想成为一名建筑设计师。故答案为I want to develop my spatial intelligence most. Because I think a sense of space is very important to a person. In addition, I am interested in architecture and would like to be a building designer when I graduate from university.
29．Technology 30．Making employees work from home. 31．Working from home can do many benefits, because it reduces employers’ capital as well as individuals’ working time. Because working from home increases productivity and efficiency at work. 32．If the sense of responsibility is not strong, it will lead to low work efficiency. In addition, flexible time arrangement will also lead to unlimited extension of working hours.
【导语】本文是说明文。文章分析了在家工作的优点。
29．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“The major benefit that developing technology has provided is allowing individuals to work from home.( 技术发展带来的主要好处是允许个人在家工作。)”可知，技术使得个人能够在家里工作，故填Technology。
30．考查词义猜测。根据第二段的“Organizations can save a huge amount of capital by making employees work from home. Moreover, this reduces other expenses associated with the workspace and accommodates an increased number of employees at the same time…Since, nowadays, expenses of buildings and owning lands are very high, this could save the organizations a large sum of money.( 企业可以通过让员工在家工作来节省大量资金。此外，这减少了与工作空间相关的其他费用，并同时容纳了更多的员工。……因为，现在，建筑和拥有土地的费用非常高，这可以为组织节省一大笔钱。)”可知，this指代上文提到的让员工在家工作，故填Making employees work from home.
31．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段的“Thus, most of organizations have started promoting remote work due to which they have saved a huge amount of money and increased their turnover and productivity approaches.( 因此，大多数组织已经开始推广远程工作，因为他们节省了大量的资金，并增加了他们的营业额和生产力方法。)”和倒数第二段的“The second major benefit associated with remote work is the lack of the necessity to travel, which reduces the chances of being stuck in traffic. This has increased productivity and efficiency at work and saved a potential amount of time for them that they could invest in other productive activities.( 远程工作的第二个主要好处是不需要出差，这减少了被困在交通中的机会。这提高了工作生产力和效率，并为他们节省了大量的时间，他们可以投资于其他生产活动。)”可知，在家工作有许多好处，因为它减少了雇主的资本并降低了雇工的工作时间，不是雇主的时间，因为在家工作提高了生产力和效率，故填Working from home can do many benefits, because it reduces employers’ capital as well as individuals’ working time. Because working from home increases productivity and efficiency at work.
32．开放式试题。答案合理即可。例如我认为如果责任意识不强，会导致工作效率低。此外，灵活的时间安排也会导致工作时间无限延长。故填If the sense of responsibility is not strong, it will lead to low work efficiency. In addition, flexible time arrangement will also lead to unlimited extension of working hours.2023北京高三一模英语汇编
阅读理解A篇
一、阅读理解
（2023·北京东城·统考一模）Every year, young, talented, and ambitious nature conservationists from all over the world shoot their shot for the Future For Nature (FFN) Award, an honorable international award.
The Future For Nature aims to:
·Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wild animals and plants.
·Stimulate award winners to sustain their dedicated work.
·Help winners to raise their profile, extend their professional network and strengthen their funding basis.
Benefits
·The winners each receive 50,000 euros and may make their own decision to spend the money in the service of nature conservation.
·FFN offers the winners a platform and brings their stories to the attention of conservationists, financiers and a wide audience, allowing them to increase their impact and gain more access to funds.
·FFN is building a growing family of winners, dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest. FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn with each other in order to continue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively as possible.
Qualifications
The candidate：
·Must be born on or after the 31st May 1988 and before the 31st May 2005.
·Is able to explain his/her conservation work in fluent English (written and spoken).
·Has achieved substantial and long-term benefits to the conservation status of one or more animal or plant species.
·Must be determined to continue his/her conservation work, as the award aims to stimulate the winner’s future work. It is not an ”end of career“ prize.
Additional Remarks
For the 2023 Future For Nature Award, we are again searching for natural leaders, who have proven that they can make a difference in species’ survival.
From all applications, 6 to 10 nominees (被提名者) will be selected. These applicants will be asked to provide additional information, which will be used to select the final awardees. Ultimately, three inspiring wildlife heroes are selected as the winners.
Application Process: Apply online through the Apply Now link.
Application Deadline: May 1st, 2023.
1．Which is one of the aims of the Future For Nature
A．To aid more green groups. B．To fund academic education.
C．To inspire conservation efforts. D．To raise environmental awareness.
2．The winners will get the chance to ________.
A．consult top specialists B．meet like-minded people
C．benefit the local community D．promote self-created platforms
3．To apply for the 2023 Future For Nature Award, candidates must ________.
A．meet the age requirement B．apply via mail by the deadline
C．turn in the application in English D．provide additional personal information
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）Dear Teachers and Parents,
This June, during Financial Literacy Month, we have some to share.
In 2015, a free online financial education course named FutureSmart was introduced to middle school students, specifically targeting this group at a time in their lives when financial habits take hold and grow.
Fast forward to today, FutureSmart, available in English and Spanish, has reached over 13,000 schools across all 50 states. More than two million students have completed the course, with almost half coming from low-to-moderate income families.
But we aren’t stopping there. We promise to reach four million more students by the end of 2025.
Why Because this moment calls for brave action. Never before have money management and investment decisions been so easy to conduct at any time or place through the use of a smartphone. It is time to offer students more critical financial literacy education to encourage them to make good financial decisions on a daily basis as they make their way through a complex world.
From weighing opportunity costs to delaying instant satisfaction for long-term financial gain, FutureSmart educates our youth using hands-on simulations (模拟) to introduce concepts like daily financial decisions and the rewards of long-term planning. Teaching young learners how to build solid financial foundations is an important step in building financially healthy communities.
Although our work is far from complete, we know that FutureSmart works. And it works exceptionally well.
In the largest study of its kind, supported by the MassMutual Foundation and EVERFI, the University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute (UMDI) recently concluded that 90% of students saw a statistically significant and educationally meaningful increase in knowledge after taking the FutureSmart course.
What’s more, these results were consistent across all student demographics including race, age, gender, school year, and socioeconomic status.
We have a long way to go to reach every single middle school student, but we welcome the challenge. Together, our teams have started a movement to provide equal access to financial education, and we invite others to join us.
Visit to learn more and see how you can bring FutureSmart to the young people in your life.
MICHAEL FANNING RAY MARTINEZ
Head of MassMutual US President and Co-Founder of EVERFI
4．The course FutureSmart .
A．is offered in two different languages
B．requires skillful smartphone operation
C．has been bought by a large number of schools
D．targets students from low-to-moderate income families
5．How does FutureSmart introduce financial concepts
A．By establishing financially healthy communities.
B．By managing opportunities and rewards.
C．By simulating real-life situations.
D．By delaying financial gain.
6．After taking the course, the students should be able to .
A．improve their academic performance
B．accept financial challenges at any time
C．understand people from various backgrounds
D．build a stable financial foundation for the future
（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）If you're interested in pushing yourself academically while experiencing college life, our Summer Programs for Pre-College students (SPP) can be ideal for you. In the programs, you will be able to make friends with fellow students, engage in social activities around the city and on campus, and experience pre-college summer study at one of the world's top teaching and research universities.
Our long-running summer term pre-college offerings include a choice of one-, two-, three-, and six-week programs that prepare you for success in college. With five exciting and challenging pre-college summer programs to choose from, you can earn college credit, discover a new subject area, perform cutting -edge research in university labs, or immerse yourself in hands - -on learning.
Academic life
SPP invites you to join other highly motivated teens from 87 countries in our summer programs for high school students-and take the leap into college life and academics, which enables you to take on new academic challenges, explore a variety of interests and consider possible majors. You can take college courses alongside undergraduates either on campus or online. And you can also earn up to eight college credits by conducting in-depth STEM research with individual instructors or as part of a group project. Or, you can immerse yourself in a variety of stimulating noncredit seminars that blend lectures with experiential learning, discussions, and projects.
Campus/Residence life
Embracing college life is an exciting experience. Whether you live on campus or commute, you'll get to know the ins and outs of college and city life. If you live on campus, you will stay in the residence hall, sharing a room and participating in dorm activities. There are typically two students per room and safety is our highest priority: residence halls have live-in university stall and 24-hour security. Resident program assistants provide guidance, coordinate and lead social activities, ranging from group activities that include comedy shows to field trips.
Your hard work will be combined with social events and fun activities- and you'll still have time for your own adventures on campus! Email the SPP office at sppoffice@mail. edu.
7. SPP aims to .
A. help college students to achieve academic success
B. provide admission guidelines for pre-collge students
C. get high school students well-prepared for college life
D. encourage students to participate in hands-on learning
8. What are students supposed to do to earn the required credits
A. Carry out STEM research.
B. Attend various seminars.
C. Finish the courses online.
D. Join in experiential learning.
9. According to the passage, students living on campus .
A. can organize social activities
B. will have access to a single room
C. are provided with good security
D. are advised to direct comedy shows
（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Youth Forum is an annual initiative of the President of the Council. It has developed into a key platform where young people can contribute to policy discussions at the United Nations (UN). This year’s Youth Forum will take place from 25 to 27 April, 2023.
·Objectives
The Forum aims to engage young people in a dialogue with Member States, policymakers and other actors to voice their views and inspire actions on how to transform the world into a better place guided by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Participants will also have the opportunity to contribute to the preparatory process of the SDG Summit.
The 2023 Forum will address the theme on speeding up the recovery from the COVID-19 and the full implementation (实施) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It will also review progress in the areas of affordable and clean energy, and sustainable cities and communities, ete.
· Format
The three-day event will feature plenary (全体出席的) sessions and regionally based discussions, with the last day designed for the preparation of the 2023 SDG Summit. Talented youth speakers will deliver short presentations in between sessions.
Participation in the Forum is by invitation only. The youth participants are selected by National Youth Councils, regional youth organizations, etc.
The event will be held in a mixed way allowing for opportunities for in-person and virtual participation. Participants will also be able to ask questions via social media.
· The voices from last year’s participants
2022 Forum Participants Takeaway!“The Youth Forum gave me the opportunity to discover the skills required to master public speaking. The time management is challenging but we finished all tasks even with a tight schedule.” 2022 Forum Participants’ Advice!“Using sources the team provides will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of completing tasks. I also strongly advise them to be open to hearing everyone’s different opinions from an objective point of view.”
10．The ECOSOC Youth Forum 2023 will________.
A．discuss the global recovery issue
B．select the youth leaders for the UN
C．set goals for sustainable development
D．gather young people to build a platform
11．According to the passage, the young participants can ________.
A．register to join in the Forum personally
B．give brief speeches in plenary sessions
C．take part in the event online and offline
D．attend the SDG Summit after the Forum
12．What is the advice from 2022 participants
A．To be willing to consider various voices.
B．To make time arrangements a top priority.
C．To master public speaking skills in advance.
D．To be efficient with the help of policymakers.
（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）Give a little sunshine!
The Council on Aging (COA) runs a telephone friendship project called the Sunshine Call Program, matching over-60s with a friendly volunteer for a daily chat over the phone. The aim is simple-to help ease the loneliness and repair social networks.
Sheila, 77, a retired teacher, lived alone. She has been receiving calls from Rianne, a volunteer, for over two months.“Talking to Rianne is something I really look forward to—a breath of fresh air. We talk about everything—theatre, her work, books we’ve read…Listening to someone else’s life enriches you and gives you something positive to focus on.” “At the beginning, I had no expectation of how the phone calls would go, but it’s wonderful that it’s led to a genuine friendship. Rianne helps me a lot …”
Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior’s life The Sunshine Call Program initially links a volunteer with an isolated (独居的) senior for a daily call. When comfortable, the volunteer introduces a second senior to the call. Then another, until there are four seniors to one volunteer on what is essentially a conference call. Without having to leave the house, you will help the seniors meet and make new friends. They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation.
What are the volunteer qualifications
Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app. COA will provide all supplies required to make the calls. Besides, volunteers must agree to participate in monthly meetings with other volunteers and guest speakers. All volunteers must be willing to provide a recent Criminal Record Check, the cost of which will be borne by COA．And the most important volunteer qualification is a sense of caring and a desire to help seniors in the community!
If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call program, never hesitate! Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form.
13．Why does the passage mention Sheila’s experience
A．To show her loneliness
B．To share a sweet memory.
C．To stress the value of CoA
D．To praise Rianne’s kindness.
14．One of the responsibilities of volunteers is
A．making weekly calls to seniors
B．visiting seniors during holidays
C．introducing new friends to seniors
D．teaching seniors to use smart phones
15．If you want to be a volunteer, what are you required to do
A．Learn the use of a chat app.
B．Prepare a computer by yourself.
C．Offer a letter of recommendation.
D．Have relevant working experience.
16．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To inform the readers of COA．
B．To invite seniors to sign up for COA
C．To introduce volunteer work in COA．
D．To advertise for new volunteers for COA．
（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）There’s no place like home—a place to put your feet up, relax and be yourself. But a brand new full-service private rental property named Homestead is redefining(重新定义) modern living, making you feel at home.
Freed from the small stuff
Right from moving in, convenience is built into the process, with fully-furnished, high-quality apartments available for residents and access to all facilities of Homestead and Wi-Fi included in monthly rental cost.
Feel at home
Not only are Homestead’s apartments beautifully designed and furnished to create a sense of relaxation and luxury, but the shared spaces for residents to use and socialise in—from the inviting reception area to the landscaped roof garden and stylish private dining rooms—all reflect a contemporary, high-quality reimagining of what renting ought to be.
Make hybrid work really work
As hybrid work, which focuses on the flexibility of working, is part of our lives now, the opportunity to shift between workspaces with ease is critical. Start the day catching up on emails in a stylishly-designed co-working space steps away from your front door, before taking calls on the outside platform or travel into your employer’s office when you need to.
Be a people person
Living at Homestead means joining a community of like-minded people. Whether you meet neighbours on the roof garden or in the cinema room, or choose to network in the co-working space, making friends couldn’t be more straightforward.
Tap here for helpful services
They say there’s an app for everything—and in this case, there is an app with everything. The Homestead App gives you quick access to a range of bookable services, from ordering takeaway to dog walking to cleaning services—all right on your doorstep, meaning more time to actually enjoy the rest of your day.
Visit Homestead and discover how full-service rental lets you make the most of homelike living.
17．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To inform us of rental services. B．To advertise a rental property.
C．To report on a different lifestyle. D．To sell multi-functional apartments.
18．How does Homestead make hybrid work easier for its residents
A．By offering shared working spaces.
B．By giving access to bookable services.
C．By supplying a full set of office equipment.
D．By providing training to improve efficiency.
19．What can we know from the passage
A．Residents can live an old-fashioned life.
B．Homestead saves residents from buying furniture.
C．Residents are required to join a social community.
D．Homestead charges residents extra fee for using Wi-Fi.
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）To help new students, the International Business Institute (IBI) plans to set up a buddy (伙伴) peer support project. The project will help new students meet current students at IBI who can provide them with some friendly company during their first months in Newcastle and help them with any small problems that they may have.
What’s in it for you
We believe that being a buddy will be rewarding in several ways. As a volunteer, it will be personally satisfying to know that you are able to help new students. It will also help you make contacts that may be valuable in your future academic and professional lives. If you are an overseas student, it will give you another opportunity to practise speaking English.
Responsibilities of buddies
·Telephone and arrange to make contact with the new student.
·Meet the student and show him/her around the campus and the local area. Answer questions about living in Newcastle and administration procedures at IBI.
·Arrange to meet the new student one morning or afternoon one weekend early in the semester, and take the student to places that you enjoy in Newcastle.
·Be prepared to take phone calls from the new student to answer further questions that he/she may have from time to time. Meet to explain information to the new student in person, if required.
·You will be matched to an individual new student. However, if you have friends who are also buddies, you might prefer to form a support group together. This would mean that you meet the new students as a group rather than one-on-one.
·Being a buddy is voluntary. There is no “requirement” to provide assistance beyond the help outlined above.
Please note that if you agree to become a peer support buddy, you will be expected to fulfil your role conscientiously and cheerfully. It will be important to be considerate and reliable so that the student can feel confident in your support.
20．According to the passage, what benefit can you get from being a buddy
A．You can learn how to be a confident person.
B．It is easy for you to find some friendly company.
C．You can be rewarded with both money and prizes.
D．It may be helpful for your future studies and career.
21．As a buddy, you need to ________.
A．form a support group with other volunteers at IBI
B．provide assistance in studying each subject after class
C．meet the new student every morning early in the semester
D．help the new student get familiar with his or her surroundings
22．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A．To introduce campus life for new students.
B．To attract potential volunteers to be peer supporters.
C．To offer an opportunity to practise speaking English.
D．To provide some information about studying overseas.
（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）GREAT BOOKS TO TEACH CHILDREN ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE
Here is a shortened list of books sponsored by the magazines TIME and TIME for Kids that are suitable for primary schoolers. To make the list, we considered how age-appropriate the material was, and whether the tone and story line left the reader feeling engaged and empowered rather than anxious or confused.
Experts recommend the youngest kids to read books that explore the beauty and fragility (脆弱) of nature. When developing an appreciation for the world around them, they can switch to books that show the cause and effect of how humans treat our planet, and why it’s important to respect the environment. For older primary school kids, picture books can illustrate how our use of fossil (化石) fuels contributes to global warming. Most of the books on the list also offer lessons about how children, families, schools, and communities can make a difference.
THANK YOU, EARTH: A LOVE LETTER TO OUR PLANET By April Pulley Sayre This photography book shows to us plants, animals and landscapes in vivid colors and descriptions. From up-close images of insects to pictures of mountain ranges, the pages introduce children to the planets’ diversity in a simple but effective way. THE LORAX By Dr. Seuss Thanks to its rhyme, and whimsical illustration, this classic tale is suitable for young children who can grasp the scarcity of natural resources, and also older kids who can see a danger in valuing profits over long-term environmental harm.
WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS By Carole Lindstrom A tribute to native tribes that are protecting the planet, this book vividly shows the harms of oil pipelines. Kids will see the value of community action, while adults will recognize the story of the native tribes Standing Rock Sioux’s fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline. POLAR BEAR, WHY IS YOUR WORLD MELTING By Robert E. Wells This book introduces the greenhouse effect with illustrations showing how sunlight gets trapped. It then explains fossil-fuel energy, and our reliance on it for electricity and transportation. The pages are full of science.
23．To make the book list for kids, what should be considered first A．Confusing story line. B．The tone of anxiety.
C．The books sponsorship. D．Age-appropriate content.
24．What can kids learn from the book “WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS”
A．They can see the value of community action.
B．They can know how to protect the native tribes.
C．They can recognize the story of the native tribes.
D．They can understand the importance of oil pipelines.
25．Which book explains how the greenhouse effect come into existence
A．THE LORAX
B．WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS
C．POLAR BEAR, WHY IS YOUR WORLD MELTING
D．THANK YOU, EARTH: A LOVE LETTER TO OUR PLANET
参考答案
1．C 2．B 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍自然的未来奖 (FFN) 的目的，益处，资格和申请候选人等相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据小标题The Future For Nature aims to:中的“·Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wild animals and plants. (奖励和资助在保护野生动植物物种方面做出突出努力的个人)”和“·Stimulate award winners to sustain their dedicated work. (激励获奖者保持他们的敬业精神)”可知，FFN的目标之一是激励保护工作，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据小标题The Future For Nature aims to:中的“·FFN is building a growing family of winners, dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest. FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn with each other in order to continue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively as possible.(FFN正在建立一个不断壮大的赢家家庭，由具有相同兴趣的人组成一个社区。FFN为他们提供了彼此见面的机会，并继续相互学习，以便尽可能高效和有效地继续为自然而战)”可知，获胜者将有机会认识志同道合的人。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据小标题Qualifications中的“The candidate: ·Must be born on or after the 31st May 1988 and before the 31st May 2005. (候选人：1988年5月31日或之后，2005年5月31日之前出生)”可知，要申请2023年自然未来奖，候选人必须符合年龄要求。故选A。
4．A 5．C 6．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。一门名为FutureSmart的免费在线金融教育课程被介绍给了中学生，该课程专门针对这一群体，旨在教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Fast forward to today, FutureSmart, available in English and Spanish, has reached over 13,000 schools across all 50 states. (快进到今天，FutureSmart有英语和西班牙语版本，已经覆盖了美国50个州的13000多所学校。)”可知，FutureSmart课程以两种不同的语言提供。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第六段首句“From weighing opportunity costs to delaying instant satisfaction for long-term financial gain, FutureSmart educates our youth using hands-on simulations (模拟) to introduce concepts like daily financial decisions and the rewards of long-term planning. (从权衡机会成本到为了长期财务收益而推迟即时满足，FutureSmart通过实际模拟教育我们的年轻人，介绍日常财务决策和长期规划奖励等概念。)”可知，FutureSmart通过模拟现实情况引入金融概念。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第六段末句“Teaching young learners how to build solid financial foundations is an important step in building financially healthy communities. (教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础是建立财务健康社区的重要一步。)”以及第七段“Although our work is far from complete, we know that FutureSmart works. And it works exceptionally well. (虽然我们的工作还远未完成，但我们知道FutureSmart是可行的。而且效果非常好。)”可知，FutureSmart课程是为了教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础，且效果非常好。所以，学习完课程后，学生应该能够为未来建立一个稳定的财务基础。故选D。
7. C 8. A 9. C
10．A 11．C 12．A
【导语】本文是篇应用文。文章主要介绍了即将举办的2023年ECOSOC青年论坛的相关信息和内容。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“The 2023 Forum will address the theme on speeding up the recovery from the COVID-19 and the full implementation (实施) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.”（2023年论坛的主题是加快从2019冠状病毒中复苏和全面落实2030年可持续发展议程）可知，2023年ECOSOC青年论坛将会讨论全球从新冠病毒中复苏的问题。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据第六段“The event will be held in a mixed way allowing for opportunities for in-person and virtual participation. Participants will also be able to ask questions via social media.”（该活动将以一种混合的方式举行，允许面对面和虚拟参与的机会，参与者还可以通过社交媒体提问）可知，参加者可以在线上和线下参加这次活动。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I also strongly advise them to be open to hearing everyone’s different opinions from an objective point of view.”（我还强烈建议他们从客观的角度听取每个人的不同意见）可知，2022年的参加者还建议该活动愿意听取各种不同的声音，考虑各方面不同的意见。故选A。
13．C 14．C 15．A 16．D
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。介绍了COA建立的一个“阳光电话项目”的活动，结构的志愿者与60岁以上的老年人电话连线，为他们减轻孤独感，并宣传招募志愿者。
13．推理判断题。根据表格中第三段““At the beginning, I had no expectation of how the phone calls would go, but it’s wonderful that it’s led to a genuine friendship. Rianne helps me a lot …” (起初，我没预料到电话会打得怎么样，但它却给我带来了一段真正的友谊。Rianne帮助了我很多。)”可知，文章提到Sheila的经历是为了说明COA的志愿者帮助了她很多，故其目的在于强调COA的价值，故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据文章Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior’s life 部分“Without having to leave the house, you will help the seniors meet and make new friends. They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation.(不用离开家，你就可以帮助老年人们见面，帮助他们交朋友。他们然后可以交换电话号码，自己聊天，减轻孤独感。)”可知，志愿者的职责之一就是给老年人介绍新的朋友，从而减轻他们的孤独感，故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据文章What are the volunteer qualifications 部分中“Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app. (志愿者必须可以使用网络，并且愿意接受关于聊天软件使用的培训。)”可知，如果你想要当志愿者，你需要学会聊天软件的使用，故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call program, never hesitate! Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form. (如果你想要在我们的阳光电话项目中当志愿者，那就不要犹豫！点击此处，填写申请表。)”可推知，本篇文章的目的在于为招募志愿者做广告，故选D。
17．B 18．A 19．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要是私人租赁物业Homestead的广告
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“But a brand new full-service private rental property named Homestead is redefining(重新定义) modern living, making you feel at home. (但一个全新的全方位服务的私人租赁物业Homestead正在重新定义现代生活，让你有宾至如归的感觉。)”和最后一段“Visit Homestead and discover how full-service rental lets you make the most of homelike living.(访问Homestead，了解全方位服务租赁如何让您充分利用家般的生活。)可知，文章主要是私人租赁物业Homestead的广告，即文章的目的是为出租物业做广告。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据Make hybrid work really work中的“As hybrid work, which focuses on the flexibility of working, is part of our lives now, the opportunity to shift between workspaces with ease is critical. (随着注重工作灵活性的混合工作成为我们生活的一部分，在不同工作空间之间轻松转换的机会至关重要。)”可知，Homestead通过提供共享工作空间让居民的混合工作更容易。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据Feel at home中的“Not only are Homestead’s apartments beautifully designed and furnished to create a sense of relaxation and luxury, but the shared spaces for residents to use and socialise in—from the inviting reception area to the landscaped roof garden and stylish private dining rooms—all reflect a contemporary, high-quality reimagining of what renting ought to be. (Homestead的公寓不仅设计精美，家具齐全，营造出一种放松和奢华的感觉，而且居民使用和社交的共享空间——从诱人的接待区到景观化的屋顶花园和时尚的私人餐厅——都反映了对租房应有的当代高质量的重新想象。)”可知，Homestead使居民不用购买家具。故选B。
20．D 21．D 22．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任。
20．细节理解题。根据What’s in it for you 部分中“It will also help you make contacts that may be valuable in your future academic and professional lives.(它还会帮助你建立对你未来的学术和职业生涯有价值的联系)”可知，成为伙伴帮助者可能对你未来的学习和职业有帮助。故选D。
21．细节理解题。根据Responsibilities of buddies部分第二点中“Meet the student and show him/her around the campus and the local area.(与学生见面，并带他/她参观校园和当地地区)”可知，作为一名伙伴帮助者，你需要帮助新生熟悉环境。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“To help new students, the International Business Institute (IBI) plans to set up a buddy (伙伴) peer support project.(为了帮助新生，国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立‘帮助伙伴项目’)”可知，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任，目的是吸引潜在的志愿者成为伙伴帮助者。故选B。
23．D 24．A 25．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本教孩子们气候变化的好书。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“To make the list, we considered how age-appropriate the material was, and whether the tone and story line left the reader feeling engaged and empowered rather than anxious or confused.(为了制作这个列表，我们考虑了材料是否适合年龄，以及语调和故事情节是否让读者感到投入和赋权，而不是焦虑或困惑)”可知，为儿童制定书单时，应首先考虑适合儿童年龄的内容。故选D。
24．细节理解题。根据WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS部分中的“Kids will see the value of community action, while adults will recognize the story of the native tribes Standing Rock Sioux’s fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline.(孩子们将看到社区行动的价值，而成年人将认识到当地部落Standing Rock Sioux对抗达科他管道的故事)”可知，孩子们能从《我们是水的保护者》这本书中学到社区行动的价值。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据POLAR BEAR, WHY IS YOUR WORLD MELTING 部分中的“This book introduces the greenhouse effect with illustrations showing how sunlight gets trapped.(这本书通过插图介绍了温室效应，展示了阳光是如何被捕获的)”可知，POLAR BEAR, WHY IS YOUR WORLD MELTING 解释了温室效应是如何产生的。故选C。2023北京高三一模英语汇编
阅读理解D篇
一、阅读理解
（2023·北京东城·统考一模）Arguably, the biggest science development of the year ‘to date has been the images of the very depths of the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Those images beg a comparison between the external and internal universes that science is bent on observing and understanding.
Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space.
There are many similarities between the progress we’ve made in understanding the universe and in piecing together life’s inner workings. Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were composed of cells was, not a terribly long time ago, a revolutionary observation. Since then, scientists have been able to dive ever deeper into the components of life.
Going beyond merely observing the complicated makeup of organisms, life scientists can now discover the workings of molecules (分子). And that is where scanning the universe differs from peering into biology. Understanding the universe, especially from a functional standpoint, is not necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding biology on that level is. Simply observing the amazing internal structure of cells is not enough. Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging.
This is not to belittle the work of scientists researching into universe. They should rightly be praised for delivering views of impossibly distant, impossibly massive phenomena. My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. The output of both the outward and inward explorations should stimulate wonder in everyone. After all, it’s all star-stuff.
1．Why does the author quote Carl Sagan’s comment in Paragraph 2
A．To introduce the background. B．To prove an assumption.
C．To make a comparison. D．To present an idea.
2．Like the study of the universe, life science has been advancing in ________.
A．study approaches B．system management
C．research facilities D．technology integration
3．We can infer from Paragraph 4 that biologists’ work is ________.
A．practical B．risky C．flexible D．popular
4．As for life science, which would the author agree with
A．It has received universal recognition. B．It should enjoy priority in development.
C．It can be applied in the majority of areas. D．It is more complicated than space science.
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）Technology seems to discourage slow, immersive reading. Reading on a screen, particularly a phone screen, tires your eyes and makes it harder for you to keep your place. So online writing tends to be more skimmable and list-like than print. The cognitive neuroscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, game-changing transformation” in how readers process words. The neuronal circuit that sustains the brain’s capacity to read now favors the rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis.
We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as children as we learn to read more skillfully. From about the age of nine, our eyes start to bounce around the page, reading only about a quarter of the words properly, and filling in the gaps by inference. Nor is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans. So far, the anxieties have proved to be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline,” the American author Selvin Brown wrote. “No one ever said that poems were evidence of short attention spans.”
And yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. For a start, it means that there is more to read, because more people than ever are writing. If you time travelled just a few decades into the past, you would wonder at how little writing was happening outside a classroom. And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response. An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other people’s words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder to say something else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone else, desperate to be heard.
Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a social good and source of personal achievement. But this advocacy often emphasizes “enthusiastic”, “passionate” or “eager” reading, none of which adjectives suggest slow, quiet absorption.
To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in the words and their slow comprehension of a line of thought. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he has done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.
The human need for this kind of deep reading is too tenacious for any new technology to destroy. We often assume that technological change can’t be stopped and happens in one direction, so that older media like “dead-tree” books are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.
5．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin Brown’s opinion
A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Objective.
6．The author would probably agree that .
A．advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading
B．digital writing leads to too much speaking and not enough reflection
C．the public should be aware of the impact skimming has on neuronal circuits
D．the number of Internet readers is declining due to the advances of technology
7．What does the underlined word “tenacious” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A．Comprehensive. B．Complicated. C．Determined. D．Apparent.
8．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Slow Reading Is Here to Stay
B．Digital Technology Prevents Slow Reading
C．Screen vs. Print: Which Requires Deep Reading
D．Reading Is Not a Race: The Wonder of Deep Reading
（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）At a museum in Vietnam, Lena Bui's film Where Birds Dance Their Last reflected on the beauty and vulnerability of Vietnamese feather farms after Bird Flu. During a festival in Rwanda, Ellen Reid's audio experience Soundwalk was shared in a hopeful discussion about music, parks and mental health. These are a few of the things I have helped bring to life over the years, working at the intersection of scientific research, the arts and advocacy to support science in solving global health challenges.
Science is key to addressing these issues. But it isn't the only key. To achieve its potential and for its advances to be implemented and reach all who could benefit, science depends on trust and good relationships. People might not always see science as relevant, trustworthy or meaningful to their lives. There are reasons why some see science as having a chequered past, from nuclear weapons to eugenics(优生学), and are therefore uninterested in, or suspicious of, what it proposes. Others feel excluded by the incomprehensibility of hyperspecialist knowledge.
In its capacity to build upon and test an evidence base, science is powerful, but researchers and funders haven't been as good at ensuring this evidence base responds to the needs and interests of diverse communities, or informs policy makers to take action. Science might be perceived as distancing itself from the personal, the poetic and the political, yet it is precisely these qualities that can be most influential when it comes to public interest in a topic or how a government prioritizes a decision.
A moving story well told can be more memorable than a list of facts. This is where the arts come in. Artists can give us diferent perspectives with which to consider and reimagine the world together. They can redress the proclaimed objectivity in science by bringing stories- subjectivities- into the picture, and these can help foster a sense of connection and hope.
In 2012, I set up artist residencies in medical research centres around the world. Bui was attached to the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Vietnam. The head of the research team was delighted, finding that Bui, as a Vietnamese artist, had license to be in, and to share useful insights from, villages where infectious disease researchers weren't welcome. Six years later, I led Wellcome's Contagious Cities program, which established artist residencies worldwide to support locally led explorations of epidemic preparedness. The recent pandemic made this work more noticeable, and has informed our Mindscapes program which is currently sharing experiences of mental health through the work of artists.
With pandemic, climate and mental health crises upon us, rising inequality and what feels like an increasingly broken world, never has there been more need to build and nurture hopeful and imaginative spaces to grow human connection and shared purpose for the common good. Science and the arts can work hand in glove to achieve this.
9. The author lists two works in Paragraph 1 mainly to .
A. reveal the gap between science and art
B. prove his competence in both science and art
C. introduce successful science-related artworks
D. show that science can be promoted in art forms
10. What does the underlined word“chequered" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Recent and remote.
B. Good and bad.
C. Usual and unusual.
D. Peaceful and scary.
11. Which of the following would the author agree
A. Policy-makers base their decisions on science.
B. Researchers popularize science effectively.
C. Science is well received among the public.
D. The arts help people build connections.
12. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. The Value of the Arts to Science
B. Where Do Science and the Arts Meet
C. A New Way to Fight Pandemic- -the Arts
D. Which Matters More, Science or the Arts
（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）A snake-robot designer, a technologist, an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room. The journalist turns to the crowd and asks: Should we build houses on the ocean Like a think-tank panel, members of the team dream up far-out answers to the crucial problem, such as self-driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.
The setting is X, the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year, in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence. Although only a tiny percentage become “projects” with far-reaching creativity, these projects exist, ultimately, to change the world, like Waymo, the biggest self-driving-car company. In the past 60 years, something strange has happened. As the academic study of creativity has thrived (蓬勃发展), the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor, but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the 1970s. John Fernald, an economist, points out that the notable exception to the post-1970 decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology-information technology. John Fernald says, “It’s possible that productivity took off, because we picked all the low-hanging fruit from the IT wave. ”Actually, the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT. But where will the next technology shock come from
Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities-invention and innovation. Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs, while innovation is an invention put to commercial use. Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof. They tend to thrive in opposite conditions; while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation, invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.
Allowing well-funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet. Today, we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research, while complaining about the harvest. “Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like. But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists, not the rush to market,” says Jon Gertner, the author of The Idea Factory.
“Technology is a tall tree, ” John Fernald said. “But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills, often mastered by different organizations and separated by many years. ” As for me, both of them are essential for technology, although they are relatively independent. I don’t think X is a planter or a harvester, actually. It is like building taller ladders. Nobody knows for sure what, if anything, the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders. But they’re reaching. At least someone is.
13．What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs
A．To present the process of group discussion.
B．To illustrate X’s worry about big problems.
C．To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas.
D．To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.
14．What can we learn from the passage
A．Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.
B．Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.
C．Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.
D．The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.
15．Regarding John Fernald’s view on technology, the author is ____.
A．supportive B．cautious
C．uncertain D．critical
16．What can be inferred about X from the passage
A．It will focus on innovation.
B．It will have its outcome soon.
C．It may give in to its fruitless reality.
D．It may bring an encouraging outlook.
（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）When Elinor Lobel was 16, a “smart” insulin (胰岛素) pump was attached to her body. Powered by AI, it tracks her glucose levels and administers the right dose of insulin at the right time to keep her healthy. It is one of the new ways that data and AI can help improve lives.
Books that criticize the dark side of data are plentiful. They generally suggest there is much more to fear than fete in the algorithmic(算法的)age.
But the intellectual tide may be turning. One of the most persuasive supporters of a more balanced view is Elinor Lobel’s mother, Orly, a law professor. In The Equality Machine she acknowledges AI’s capacity to produce harmful results. But she shows how, in the right hands, it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination.
A principle of privacy rules is “minimization”: collect and keep as little information as possible, especially in areas such as race and gender. Ms Lobel flips the script, showing how in hiring, pay and the legal system, knowing such characteristics leads to fairer outcomes.
Ms Lobel’s call to use more, not less, personal information challenges data-privacy orthodoxy(正统观念). But she insists that “tracking differences is key to detecting unfairness.” She advocates g loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency(透明)over algorithmic decisions.
The problems with algorithmic formulae(公式) are tackled in depth in Escape from Model Land by Erica Thompson of the School of Economics. These statistical models are the backbone of big data and AL. Yet a perfect model will always be beyond reach. “All models are wrong,” runs a wise saying. “Some are useful.”
Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect. In the better known Butterfly Effect, a serviceable model, Vin the prediction of climate change, becomes less reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating(模拟), or because of inaccuracies in the original data. In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is flawed; it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature.
The author calls on data geeks to improve their solutions to real-world issues, not merely refine their formulae—in other words, to escape from model land. “We do not need to have the best possible answer,” she writes, “only a reasonable one.”
Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data, algorithms and their limitations. Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations, whether in law or coding. As Ms Lobel puts it: “It’s always better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.”
17．Ms Lobel intends to convey that
A．minimisation is a good privacy rule to go by
B．algorithms are currently challenged by data privacy
C．employing more personal data should be encouraged
D．identifying algorithms’ problems leads to better outcomes
18．What can we learn about “Hawkmoth Effect”
A．It develops from Butterfly Effect.
B．It emphasizes accuracy of original data.
C．It enjoys popularity in climate research field.
D．It is mentioned to show the model can be faulty.
19．Which of the following does the writer probably agree
A．Using algorithms to detect differences is hard.
B．The application of data and algorithms is limited.
C．The reliability of data should be attached importance to.
D．Improving algorithms involves accepting its imperfection.
20．Which would be the best title for this passage
A．The Algorithm’s Prospect B．The Algorithm’s Mercy
C．The Algorithm’s Complexity D．The Algorithm’s Recognition
（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）Many of us may experience dinner-table debates. One common scene plays out as follows. You want to convince a friend or a family member of something you know they may disagree, and you share information and walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your case. How do you react when your powers of persuasion fail You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel like trying to guide someone on a journey when they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion fatigue, to describe this form of frustration (懊恼).
Persuasion fatigue may make it harder to successfully keep challenging conversations. Past research demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your arguments don’t succeed. Persuasion fatigue also explains why, when debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent. As Mark Twain once wrote, “In all matters of opinion, our opponents are insane (愚蠢的).” In past findings, people generally reported three times as many reasons why others’ faults led to failed debates rather than their own shortcomings. It is true that others are not always open to your ideas. Ending the discussion can therefore be the right thing to do. But in an overheated debate, your fatigue may lead you to misinterpret the situation and believe that your opponent is too stupid to see the truth. Fortunately, psychologists suggest some sound approaches to managing these situations and protecting your relationships.
To reach your audience, it may be essential to express your message in terms of their values, not yours. Psychologists call this “moral reframing.” In fact, researches suggest that the simple act of acknowledging values of the people you’re talking to — telling them you understand where they’re coming from, even if you don’t agree—may lead them to lower their defenses and open up a little to new arguments.
Your fatigue may be even worse by thinking or assuming that debate is a zero-sum struggle — that you win if, and only if, your opponent loses. But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to find the truth — less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line. The neighbours map land together by viewing it from multiple angles. Similarly, debates can help you triangulate a view between your opinion and the other person’s.
The tendency to blame others for exhausting debates has real consequences. In our exhaustion, we may fail to see when our frustrations stem from a deep desire for connection. Recognizing persuasion fatigue—and how we contribute to it—may help us pass through heated debates without leaving those we love behind.
21．People may experience persuasion fatigue when they _________.
A．try in vain to convince others B．misinterpret others’ reasoning
C．adopt others’ views unwillingly D．try to persuade narrow-minded people
22．Which is the possible consequence of persuasion fatigue
A．One can’t stick to his point of view.
B．One admits his limits and weaknesses.
C．One can’t get to the root of failed debates.
D．One feels incompetent for further arguments.
23．Why does the author quote Mark Twain in the passage
A．To stress the effect of changing others’ mind.
B．To confirm the difficulty of winning an argument.
C．To explain the reason for one’s ending an argument.
D．To support the idea of one’s tendency to blame others.
24．Which is the recommended solution to managing persuasion fatigue
A．Seeing a debate as a zero-sum game.
B．Making an effort for common ground.
C．Shifting the topic to lower others’ defenses.
D．Reframing points based on one’s own values.
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）When special occasions such as birthdays or other big holiday events come around, parents often look for that special toy for their children. But there is a growing understanding that gifts of time and bonding, such as vacations and other experiences, make better and more lasting gifts for children.
Experts agree that gifting children with memorable trips and fun experiences is better for their body and mind, and has corresponding positive impacts on the rest of the family!
In a 2017 study that surveyed about 500 women between 18 and 93 years old, Dr. Oravecz, a human development and family studies professor at Pennsylvania State University, asked, “Most people feel loved when...” The study showed that the most popular answers had nothing to do with any material item. Dr. Oravecz said, “Our research found that micro-moments of positivity, like a kind word, a hug with a child or a sympathetic expression, make people feel most loved.”
Clinical psychologist Oliver James agrees. He stated that as opposed to toys, details from a trip are more likely to “stick with them for long after the vacation ends.” When families interact in a stress-free environment, this creates warm, generous feelings towards one another, which are likely to be remembered with fondness. Vacations create strong emotional responses that don’t often come with material possessions.
In addition, British child psychologist Dr. Margot Sunderland believes that vacations make children smarter. “What is less widely known is that vacations can also advance brain development in children. This is because on a family vacation, you are exercising two genetically ingrained systems deep in the brain’s limbic (边缘的) area, which can all too easily be ‘unexercised’ in the home.” Citing the work of neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp, Dr. Sunderland said, “These are the PLAY system and the SEEKING system.” “The brain’s PLAY system is exercised every time you bury your child’s feet in the sand or take them for a ride on your back. The SEEKING system is exercised each time you go exploring together: the beach, a cave, a hidden village...” She continued, “So when you take your child on a vacation, you are supporting their explorative urge (SEEKING system)—a vital resource for living life well, and their capacity to play (PLAY system). In adulthood, this translates into the ability to play with ideas—essential, for example, to the successful entrepreneur(企业家).”
In a busy household, perhaps the fun of having the latest toy may not last, but the space it occupies in the house could be there and gather dust. So for the next round of gift-giving with the children, consider an experiential gift instead. The return is definitely priceless.
25．From Dr. Oravecz’s study, we know that ________.
A．hearing kind words can make a person feel most loved
B．a special toy for a birthday is more lasting for children
C．women at the age of 18 and 93 years old feel more loved
D．the feeling of being loved is closely related to material gifts
26．What can be inferred from the passage
A．The capacity to play can translate into the ability to seek.
B．The SEEKING system can develop when adventuring in the wild.
C．PLAY and SEEKING systems are more easily exercised at home.
D．Burying your child’s feet in the mud is exercising the SEEKING system.
27．According to the passage, the author may agree that ________.
A．material gifts are better for a child’s body and mind
B．children spending vacations with their parents are more generous
C．trips with family can form better emotional interactions than material gifts
D．vacations with employees are a waste of time for a successful entrepreneur
（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health.
The study, which was published in August of last year, sought to find out if eating behaviors like meal frequency, meal skipping, and time between meals were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015.
After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death.
So, what does this mean for the average person “At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans, author of The Small Change Diet, “and breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins”. “If by eliminating meals they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease,” she says.
While this study was large and comprehensive in many ways, there are also many limitations. It was mostly based on a 24-hour, self-reported dietary recall, “which may not always be the best method for dietary assessment,” explains Gans. “The participants may not accurately recall what they ate or honestly report it leading to the potential of misinformation.” Researchers noted that it was impossible to consider the role of sleep in the relationship between food and mortality, as well as a host of other unmeasured factors.
The bottom line is that while these findings about the relationships between meal skipping and mortality are important, there are a lot more factors that go into premature death.
28．What are mainly discussed in Paragraphs 3 and 4
A．Research process and findings B．The cause and findings
C．Research subjects and purpose D．The topic and significance
29．What does the underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean
A．Reducing. B．Overeating. C．Skipping. D．Consuming.
30．What can we infer from the study
A．Its limitations are fully taken into account in the study.
B．Consuming adequate nutrients is the key to maintain overall health.
C．The risk of all-cause premature death is unrelated to skipping dinner.
D．Researchers learned about eating behaviors by observing the participants.
31．What is the author’s attitude towards skipping breakfast
A．Favorable. B．Unconcerned. C．Skeptical. D．Disapproving.
参考答案
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述生命科学像宇宙一样复杂，随着生命科学工具的迅速改进，科学家们就能够更深入地研究生命的组成部分并且取得很大的成就，并且作者认为应优先发展生命科学。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space. (几十年前，天体物理学家卡尔·萨根说过一句名言：“宇宙也在身体之内。”我们是由恒星组成的。我们是宇宙认识自己的一种方式。他当时的评论是，我们的内部宇宙和外太空一样复杂、一样奇妙。)”可知他提出我们的身体像宇宙一样复杂和奇妙，这是一个想法，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. (就像从伽利略望远镜到哈勃望远镜再到JWST的技术发展一样，生命科学工具也在迅速改进。从早期的光学显微镜到现代的超分辨率显微镜，这些发展使研究人员能够深入观察生物学的微小景观。)”可知就像对宇宙的研究一样，生命科学的研究设施也在不断发展，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging. (生物学家还必须描述所有这些部分在不同环境和面临各种挑战时是如何相互作用和变化的。能够对病毒或细菌进行成像在基础科学层面上是很好的。但了解病毒如何进入细胞并传播、感染和致残确实可以挽救生命。随着时间的推移，生物学已经上升到这个机械的挑战。生命科学工具不仅可以生成细胞成分的图像，更重要的是，它们可以帮助预测药物对受体的影响，免疫细胞对外来入侵者的影响，以及基因扰动对发育和衰老的影响。)”可推测生物学家的工作是很实用的，故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. (我的目的是庆祝这些成就，同时认识到科学对细节和洞察力的内在探索同样令人印象深刻，在我看来，更加紧迫。)”可知作者认为生命科学要优先发展，故选B。
5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者对于慢阅读的看法，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对这种深度阅读的需求。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Nor is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans. So far, the anxieties have proved to be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline,” the American author Selvin Brown wrote. “No one ever said that poems were evidence of short attention spans.”(对注意力持续时间下降的担忧也不是什么新鲜事。到目前为止，焦虑被证明是虚惊一场。美国作家Selvin Brown写道：“相当多的评论家最近开始担心注意力持续时间，他们认为非常短的故事是文化衰落的标志。从来没有人说过诗歌是注意力持续时间短的证据。”)”可推知，作者对Selvin Brown的观点持赞成态度。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response. An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other people’s words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder to say something else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone else, desperate to be heard.(数字写作意味着快速释放和反应。一篇在线文章一经发表，就开始在下面形成一个评论字符串。这种写作和阅读的模式可以是互动的和有趣的。但它经常把别人的话当作可以迅速收获的素材，用来说别的东西。每个人都说得比别人多，渴望被别人听到)”可知，作者认同数字写作导致过多的表达，而缺乏足够的思考。故选B。
7．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The human need for this kind of deep reading is too”以及后文“for any new technology to destroy”可知，too…to…表示“太……以至于不能……”，即人类对这种深度阅读的需求是如此坚定，任何新技术都无法摧毁。故画线词意思是“坚定的”。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.(实际上，旧技术可以与新技术共存。Kindle并没有消灭纸质书，就像汽车没有消灭自行车一样。我们仍然想要享受缓慢形成的思想和精心选择的词语。即使在一个快速发展的时代，也有时间进行慢速阅读)”可知，文章主要论述了作者对于慢阅读的看法，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对这种深度阅读的需求。因此A选项“慢阅读将会持续下去”最符合文章标题。故选A。
9. D 10. B 11. D 12. A
13．C 14．D 15．A 16．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在X背景下发明和创新会带来令人鼓舞的前景。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“A snake-robot designer, a technologist, an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room. The journalist turns to the crowd and asks: Should we build houses on the ocean Like a think-tank panel, members of the team dream up far-out answers to the crucial problem, such as self-driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.(一个蛇机器人设计师，一个技术专家，一个超维物理学家和一个记者走进一个房间。记者转向人群问道：我们应该在海洋上盖房子吗？就像一个智库小组一样，该团队的成员为这个关键问题想出了超乎想象的答案，比如可以在沿海城市中心一个接一个停放的自动驾驶住宅单元)”以及第二段“The setting is X, the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year, in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence. Although only a tiny percentage become “projects” with far-reaching creativity, these projects exist, ultimately, to change the world, like Waymo, the biggest self-driving-car company.(背景是X，这家企业每年会考虑100多个创意，涉及的领域从清洁能源到人工智能。虽然只有一小部分成为具有深远创造力的“项目”，但这些项目的存在最终将改变世界，就像最大的自动驾驶汽车公司Waymo一样)”可知，前两段的主要目的是揭示疯狂想法的重要性。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Today, we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research, while complaining about the harvest.(今天，我们在抱怨收获的同时，没有注意播下这种雄心勃勃的研究的种子)”和“But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists, not the rush to market(但这些突破来自耐心和好奇的科学家，而不是急于上市)可知”，创新的收获在于一些雄心勃勃的研究。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As for me, both of them are essential for technology, although they are relatively independent. I don’t think X is a planter or a harvester, actually. It is like building taller ladders. Nobody knows for sure what, if anything, the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders. But they’re reaching. At least someone is.(对我来说，这两者对于技术来说都是必不可少的，尽管它们相对独立。事实上，我不认为 X 是种植者或者收割者。这就像建造更高的梯子。没有人确切地知道，如果有的话，这些企业的员工会在这些梯子上发现什么。但是他们在努力。至少有人是)”可推知，关于约翰 · 费尔纳德对技术的看法，作者是支持的。故选A项。
16．推理判断题。根据第二段“The setting is X, the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year, in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence. Although only a tiny percentage become “projects” with far-reaching creativity, these projects exist, ultimately, to change the world, like Waymo, the biggest self-driving-car company.( 背景是X，这家企业每年会考虑100多个创意，涉及的领域从清洁能源到人工智能。虽然只有一小部分成为具有深远创造力的“项目”，但这些项目的存在最终将改变世界，就像最大的自动驾驶汽车公司Waymo一样)”可知，X可能会带来令人鼓舞的前景。故选D项。
17．C 18．D 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在这个数据时代，人们总是对算法存有恐惧，但是科学家们却持有不同的观点。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Ms Lobel’s call to use more, not less, personal information challenges data-privacy orthodoxy(正统观念). But she insists that “tracking differences is key to detecting unfairness.” She advocates g loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency(透明)over algorithmic decisions.( Lobel女士呼吁更多而不是更少地使用个人信息，这挑战了数据隐私的正统观念。但她坚持认为，“追踪差异是发现不公平的关键。”她主张放松隐私规则，为算法决策提供更多的透明度。)”可知，她想表达的是鼓励更多地使用个人信息。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第七段“Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect. In the better known Butterfly Effect, a serviceable model, Vin the prediction of climate change, becomes less reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating(模拟), or because of inaccuracies in the original data. In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is flawed; it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature.(汤普森女士专注于一个她称之为“霍克蛾效应”的挑战。在更广为人知的蝴蝶效应中，一个可用的气候变化预测模型随着时间的推移变得不那么可靠，因为它所模拟的内容很复杂，或者因为原始数据不准确。相比之下，在“霍克蛾效应”中，模型本身就有缺陷；它可能没有充分考虑到湿度、风和温度之间的相互作用。)”可知，文中提到“霍克蛾效应”是为了表明模型本身是有缺陷的。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data, algorithms and their limitations. Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations, whether in law or coding.(这两本书都展示了关于数据、算法及其局限性的健康现实主义。双方都认识到，取得进步需要接受限制，无论是在法律上还是在编码上。)”可知，两人都赞同想要改进算法就得接受其不完美的方面。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Books that criticize the dark side of data are plentiful. They generally suggest there is much more to fear than fete in the algorithmic(算法的)age. (批评数据阴暗面的书籍比比皆是。他们普遍认为，在算法时代，恐惧远比狂欢更可怕。)”可知，人们对于算法还是带有恐惧心理；而根据第三段“But the intellectual tide may be turning. One of the most persuasive supporters of a more balanced view is Elinor Lobel’s mother, Orly, a law professor. In The Equality Machine she acknowledges AI’s capacity to produce harmful results. But she shows how, in the right hands, it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination.(但思想潮流可能正在转变。更平衡的观点最有说服力的支持者之一是埃莉诺·洛贝尔的母亲Orly，她是一名法学教授。在《平等机器》一书中，她承认人工智能有能力产生有害的结果。但她展示了它在正确的人手中如何用来对抗不平等和歧视。)”可知，文章主要介绍的是算法给人类带来的好的一面。所以“The Algorithm’s Mercy(算法的仁慈)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
21．A 22．C 23．D 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种现象——说服疲劳，分析了其产生的原因，并介绍了解决的方法。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“You want to convince a friend or a family member of something you know they may disagree, and you share information and walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your case. How do you react when your powers of persuasion fail You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel like trying to guide someone on a journey when they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion fatigue, to describe this form of frustration(懊恼).(你想说服你的朋友或家人，你知道他们可能不同意，你分享信息，并与他们解释你的理由。尽管如此，他们还是拒绝了你的申请。当你的说服力失效时，你会作何反应？你可能会认为不同意你观点的人心胸狭窄、愚蠢或与现实脱节。整个经历可能就像在别人拒绝跟随的时候试图引导他们旅行。心理学家创造了一个术语，说服疲劳，来描述这种形式的懊恼。)”可知，说服疲劳指的是当你尽力说服对方，却发现一切努力都是徒劳的时候所产生的懊恼感。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Past research demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your arguments don’t succeed.(过去的研究表明，感到沮丧会让你更不愿意改变主意。它还表明，沮丧可能会降低你认识到为什么你的论点不成功的能力。)”可知，这种沮丧感会让你不愿意改变主意，也会让你无法认清自己的说服不成功的真实的原因。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据文中所引用的马克·吐温所说的话的前一句“Persuasion fatigue also explains why, when debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent.(说服疲劳也解释了为什么当辩论破裂时，人们倾向于指责他们的对话对手。)”以及马克·吐温所说的话“In all matters of opinion, our opponents are insane(愚蠢的).(在所有的观点问题上，我们的对手都是愚蠢的)”可知，作者引用马克·吐温所说的话是为了论证自己的观点，也就是当辩论不成功时，人们倾向于指责自己的谈话对方。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to find the truth—less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line. (但有时，你最好把争论看作是一种寻找真相的合作努力，而不是像愤怒的邻居为他们的财产线而争吵一样。)”可知，在处理说服疲劳时，我们可以把争论视作寻找共同点。故选B。
25．A 26．B 27．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了研究发现，在重大节日时，给孩子时间和感情的礼物，会给孩子们带来更好、更持久的礼物。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dr. Oravecz said, “Our research found that micro-moments of positivity, like a kind word, a hug with a child or a sympathetic expression, make people feel most loved.”(Oravecz博士说道：“我们的研究发现，小的积极时刻，比如说一句友善的话语、与孩子的拥抱或者同情的表情，会最让人感到被爱”。)”可知，听到友善的话语会最让人感觉到被爱，故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The SEEKING system is exercised each time you go exploring together: the beach, a cave, a hidden village...” She continued, “So when you take your child on a vacation, you are supporting their explorative urge (SEEKING system)—a vital resource for living life well, and their capacity to play (PLAY system). In adulthood, this translates into the ability to play with ideas—essential, for example, to the successful entrepreneur(企业家).” (每次那么一起探索时，都会使用到寻找系统：沙滩、洞穴、隐藏的村庄……她继续说道：“所以，当你带孩子度假时，你是在支持他们的探索冲动（也就是寻找系统）——这是过好生活的重要资源，也是他们玩耍的能力（玩耍系统）”。成年后，这将转化为对成功企业家至关重要的想法的能力。)”可推知，你在带孩子探索时，是在支持他们的探索系统，故当在野外探索时，探索系统会得到一定的发展，故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So for the next round of gift-giving with the children, consider an experiential gift instead. The return is definitely priceless. (因此，在下一轮给孩子送礼物时，可以考虑体验式礼物。其带来的回报是无价的。)”可推知，作者在最后建议家长下次给孩子送礼物的时候，送体验式礼物，故作者同意，比起物质礼物，与家人一起的旅行更能促进家人之间的情感交流，故选C。
28．A 29．C 30．B 31．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述我们一直听说早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。根据发表在《营养与饮食学会杂志》上的一项研究，它实际上可能比之前想象的更重要。
28．推理判断题。根据第三段内容“The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015.( 这项研究包括24011名40岁以上的成年人，他们在1999年至2014年期间参与了这项研究。研究人员观察了参与者的各种饮食行为，这些参与者每24小时自我报告一次他们的饮食习惯。通过截至2015年12月31日的死亡记录追踪死亡原因)”可知，本段讲述研究过程，和第四段内容“After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death.(在对参与者进行了多年的研究后，研究人员发现，某些饮食行为实际上与更高的过早死亡率有关。每天只吃一顿饭与全因和心血管疾病死亡风险增加有关，而不吃早餐与心血管疾病死亡风险增加有关，不吃午餐或晚餐与全因死亡风险增加有关。最后，研究发现，进餐时间过近(间隔不到四个半小时)也与全因过早死亡有关)”可知，本段讲述研究发现，因此可知，三、四两段讲述研究过程和发现。故选A。
29．词义猜测题。根据前文“breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins(早餐通常是降低心血管疾病风险的营养物质的良好载体，比如纤维和维生素)”和下文“they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease(他们失去了身体所需的重要营养物质，长此以往会对健康有害，“导致”患某些癌症和心脏病的风险更高)”可推断，早餐提供纤维和维生素，降低患心血管疾病的风险，下文说到错过了身体所需的重要物质，会导致患癌症和心脏病的奉献增高，因此推断划线部分表示：如果不吃早餐，划线词与C项“不做（应做的事等）”意思相近。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段的““At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans(“在一天结束的时候，重要的是一个人能够满足他们对最佳健康的营养需求，”Keri Gans解释说)”可推断，摄入足够的营养是保持整体健康的关键。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据第一段的“We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health.( 多年来，我们一直听说早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。但是，根据发表在《营养与饮食学会杂志》上的一项研究，它实际上可能比我们之前想象的更重要，该研究调查了不吃饭和吃饭频率与死亡率和心脏健康的关系)”可知，作者认为早餐比我们想象中更重要，因此推断作者对于不吃早餐是反对的，故选D。2023北京高三一模英语汇编
阅读理解B篇
一、阅读理解
（2023·北京东城·统考一模）The sign on the librarian’s desk read: “Readers Wanted for Project Read Aloud.” Sherene stared at it as the librarian stamped the book that she had selected for her weekly reading fare with a return by date.
“What is Project Read Aloud ” Sherene asked.
“Here’s the brochure about it. There’s a form inside to fill out if you want to become a reader. There is no pay, by the way,” the librarian said with a smile.
Sherene walked home. She loved living within walking distance of her town’s public library. She loved to sit in one of the overstuffed reading chairs in the reading room with the smell of books all around her and lose herself in a book. She had moved away after high school and had recently moved back. The library and fond memories of her childhood had drawn her back to this small town.
Once home, she sat down to read the brochure, which said, “Project Read Aloud seeks to provide the opportunity of hearing stories read aloud in a comfortable setting.” That is a fine goal, she thought.
Sherene filled out the form. She loved reading aloud. When she was a child, she read aloud to her teddy bear. Later, when she grew up and became a teacher, she read aloud to her students many times throughout the day. Since her retirement, she read aloud only to herself and Boots, her cat. It would feel so good to have a human audience once again to share stories with.
A couple of days later, Sherene sat in the now empty small theatre in the library, preparing the first story she was going to read. Soon, the audience began to wander in and find their seats. The theatre was half full in half an hour. Sherene stepped to the edge of the stage and introduced herself. She explained the origin of the story, opened the book and began to read. She wove the tale masterfully creating voices for the characters, pausing for emphasis, and taking the listeners into another world.
When Sherene read the last words of the story, there was a momentary silence as it all sank into the listeners and then a burst of enthusiastic applause. At that moment, understanding did grow in the town through the sharing of stories.
1．What can we learn about Sherene
A．She used to be a teacher. B．She lived far from the library.
C．She liked hearing stories read aloud. D．She was involved in many social activities.
2．Why did Sherene join in Project Read Aloud
A．She wanted to make new friends. B．The project’s goal suited her interest.
C．The project brought her extra income. D．She needed to improve her reading ability.
3．Which of the following words can best describe Sherene’s first performance
A．Meaningful and humorous. B．Novel and amusing.
C．Impressive and conventional. D．Vivid and absorbing.
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）I was sitting in a chemistry lab class during my first year of university, nervous about the experiment we were to perform. I grabbed a pipette and, as I feared, my hand started to shake. The experience was disheartening. I was hoping to pursue a career in science, but I started to wonder whether that would be possible. I thought my dreams had crashed to the ground.
I was a boy born with brain damage. My family managed to find good doctors where we lived, in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia, and I took part in clinical trials testing new treatments. Shortly after my first birthday, I started walking and it became clear my intelligence function was unaffected. So, in some sense, I was lucky. Still, I couldn’t do some things growing up. Both hands shook, especially when I was nervous or embarrassed. My left hand was much worse than my right, so I learned to write and do simple tasks with my right hand, but it wasn’t easy to do anything precisely.
As a teenager, I faced a lot of bullying at school. Feeling alone, I joined a study group called “The natural world”. I thought that getting into the world of animals would keep me away from people. That’s how I came into the field of biology. At university, I enjoyed the lectures in my science classes. Many lab tasks proved impossible, however. As I struggled with my mood, I read a book about depression. From then on, the physiology of mental disorders became my scientific passion. I looked into what was being done locally and was excited to discover a lab that did behavioral experiments in rats to study depression.
At the end of my second year, I approached the professor of the lab to see whether I could work with her. I was afraid to admit I couldn’t do some lab tasks. To my relief, she was completely supportive. She set me to work performing behavioral experiments for others in the lab with the help of colleagues. I loved the supportive atmosphere and stayed there to complete my master’s and Ph.D．
I’ve come to realize that my hands aren’t the barrier I thought they were. By making use of my abilities and working as part of a team, I’ve been able to follow my passions. I’ve also realized that there’s much more to being a scientist than performing the physical labor. I may not collect all the data in my papers, but I’m fully capable of designing experiments and interpreting results, which, to me, is the most exciting part of science.
4．What was the author’s dream
A．To live a normal life. B．To become a scientist.
C．To get a master’s degree. D．To recover from depression.
5．The author said he was lucky in Paragraph 2 because .
A．he didn’t lose the function of both hands
B．he learned how to walk at the age of one
C．his family could afford to see good doctors
D．his brain damage didn’t affect his intellectual capacity
6．From the passage, it is clear that .
A．the author’s own depression inspired him to help others with mental disorders
B．the author was surrounded by a team who urged him to further his study
C．the author’s loneliness moved him towards the world of biology
D．the author finally finished the lab tasks on his own
7．What message does the author want to express
A．Loving yourself makes a difference. B．Opportunity follows prepared people.
C．A bright future begins with a small dream. D．The sun somehow shines through the storm.
（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）“I can't connect with your characters. "
I kept hearing the same feedback and was unable to understand why and not sure what to do. I was a character-driven writer. How could I mess up the one thing I was supposed to be good at I was determined to convince my agent that these characters were real. After all, I knew they were real. My main character Lotus had lived inside me for years. I just needed to clarify her on the page.
I wrote and edited for a year, trying to respond to this agent's feedback. But Lotus' personality began to disappear. I tried to have her make “better” decisions, wear smarter fashion, and have more friends, as my agent said she acted “immature” and was “isolated”. And when this agent ultimately parted ways with me, I felt like I had failed. Now with time and distance, I realize I tried to fit Lotus into a neurotypical style to please my agent. And as a result, Lotus lost her Lotus- ness.
When that agent discouraged me from writing Lotus as autistic (自闭的)，he said that would make Lotus seem more “vulnerable (脆弱的)”or an “obvious victim”. I didn't want Lotus to seem vulnerable. Lotus' autism is what makes her powerful, I tried to explain. But from a neurotypical perspective, Lotus' autism could only be seen as a weakness.
Unsure of how to convince my agent of the strength and power autistic women hold, I began to write Lotus as “neurotypical”. And I failed miserably. After all, what do I know about being neurotypical My whole life, autism was my default. Not being diagnosed until 2020, I assumed the way I saw the world was “normal”.
My current agent encourages me to write from my neurodivergent (神经多样性的) experience. With this invitation, I revisited Lotus and saw her the way I first wrote her. And when I did, the characters and the entire narrative began to make more sense.
Identifying my characters as neurodivergent not only gives me joy as a writer, but it has produced my strongest writing. For so long, I've combatted the advice to“ write what I know”, in part because I didn't know what I actually knew. I didn't know I was neurodivergent. But as I mine the specificity of my lived experience, my writing is stronger. There is a power to our lived experience. It's not a limitation on our craft, but a swinging open of the gates.
8. How did the author feel when receiving the repeated response from the first agent
A. Confused.
B. Convinced.
C. Determined.
D. Disappointed.
9. Lotus' personality got lost because .
A. Lotus no longer lived inside the author
B. the author attempted to please the agent
C. the agent failed to sympathize with Lotus
D. Lotus was considered childish and lonely
10. What do we know about the author
A. She regretted parting with the agent.
B. She owed her success in life to autism.
C. She was aware of her autism in the early years.
D. She was empowered by her autistic experience.
11. What has the author learned frorm her own experience
A. Stick to your dream despite discouragement.
B. Be true to yourself and write from your heart.
C. Giving in to authority is the barrier to success.
D. Everyone is born an original instead of a copy.
（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）I was four when Dad first showed me how to skim stones, a game in which one throws smooth flat stones into a river to make them jump across the surface. I’d pass hours on beaches with my brother, picking up muddy stones and skimming them. It was satisfying making them dance on the surface. That perfect skim, where the stone glided (滑行), brought me fantastic feelings-and still does. I was a competitive child and good at throwing. I enjoyed javelin (标枪) and was on a baseball team, but skimming stones was just for fun.
In adulthood, things changed. In August 2017, an advertisement for the All England Open Stone Skimming Championships drew my attention. I signed up and paid 2 for three stones. I skimmed 28 metres and tried again and again, buying more stones to feed my desire, finally reaching 37 metres, which won me third place. I drove home excitedly, and 20 lighter.
I returned to the 2018 championship, hoping for a champion. Walking on to the small throwing platform in my trainers, I threw a decent 44 metres and won. I spotted someone wearing a competition sweater with “World” written across it. “Where’s that ” I asked and he told me about the annual World Stone Skimming Championships in Scotland.
It was a month away and a six-hour drive. I thought about the cost and distance for weeks until, the day before the contest, the feeling of winning made a decision for me. “I’m going. ”I arrived at a hotel at 10 pm, but couldn’t sleep for nerves and excitement. Early the next morning, I drove to the crossing where the competitors had begun waiting. Ropes and buoys (浮标) marked a 63-metre couarse. I had no idea if my best score was good enough to win. When my name was called at the prize-giving ceremony that afternoon, I was overjoyed. I was the women’s world champion.
I’m a big believer in giving things a go. I’m 42, and to become a world champion at this stage is pretty left-field. It showed me it was worth jumping in the car that day, and proof that a childhood spent throwing muddy stones from beaches wasn’t wasted.
12．What did the author enjoy about the stone skimming as a child
A．The competitiveness of the sport.
B．The outstanding ability at throwing.
C．The satisfaction the glide of the stone brings.
D．The fun time she spent with her dad at the beach.
13．What mainly helped the author all the way through every championship
A．Her discipline.
B．Her desire to win.
C．Her confidence.
D．Her efforts on training.
14．What can we conclude from the passage
A．Take it easy in face of challenges.
B．Change the world by being yourself.
C．A bigger stage is ready for those who try.
D．Either I will find a way, or I will make one.
（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）This was the first communication that had come from her aunt in Jessie’s lifetime.
“I think your aunt has forgiven me at last,” her father said as he passed the letter across the table.
Jessie looked first at the autograph(签名). It seemed strange to see her own name there. There was a likeness between her aunt’s autograph and her own, a hint of the same decisiveness and precision. If Jessie had been educated fifty years earlier, she might have written her name in just that manner.
“You’re very like her in some ways,” her father said, as she still stared at the autograph.
“I should think you must almost have forgotten what Aunt Jessie was like, dear,” she said. “How many years is it since you last saw her ”
“More than forty,” her father said. “We disagreed. We invariably disagreed. Jessie always prided herself on being so modern. She read Darwin and things like that. Altogether beyond me, I admit.”
“And so it seems that she wants to see me.” Jessie straightened her shoulders and lifted her head. She was excited at the thought of meeting this mythical aunt whom she had so often heard about. Sometimes she had wondered if the personality of this remarkable relative had not been a figment(虚构) of her father’s imagination.
But this letter of hers that now lay on the breakfast table was admirable in character. There was something of intolerance expressed in its tone. It was just like what her father had told her.
Mr. Deane came out of his past memories with a sigh.
“Yes, yes; she wants to see you, my dear,” he said. “I’ve heard she has set up a school and helped many youngsters. I think you had better accept this invitation to stay with her. If she took a fancy to you, you could get a better education…”
He sighed again, and Jessie knew that for the hundredth time he was regretting his own past weakness...
15．How was the relationship between Jessie’s father and her aunt
A．It remained very close over the years.
B．It was broken when they were young.
C．It got tenser due to a misunderstanding.
D．It was uneasy for their financial differences.
16．From the passage, we know Jessie was .
A．eager to meet her aunt.
B．cautious about her aunt’s invitation
C．angry with her aunt for ignoring her family.
D．puzzled by her aunt’s sudden interest in her
17．What can we learn from the passage
A．Jessie’s aunt promised to offer her better education.
B．Jessie’s aunt’s personality seemed to change a lot.
C．Jessie and her aunt were different in personality.
D．Jessie’s father felt sorry for what he had done.
（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）I recently attended a wedding in a rural area in north Italy, and guests were provided with a car and driver for the 90-minute journey into the hills. That was exciting: A private car! I could pretend I was rich! Since I’m not, though, I had no idea how much this trip actually cost. As a result, after our driver picked us back up at midnight, I secretly worried all the way home about tipping him.
I fished around nervously in my purse and realized that all I had was a $100 note, which I was keeping for an emergency. I had nothing smaller. And I had nothing else to offer but two chocolates from the wedding. So, I could tip the driver that $100 note or two chocolates. In the end, I chose the money.
The whole matter of tipping has long been a source of awkward interactions — and, for some travellers, mild anxiety — throughout the world. Tipping customs vary wildly from country to country. A friend in Rome tells me that Italians get hurt by big tips. “Leaving a big tip is considered impolite,” she adds, “I’ve had Italian friends make me take money back.”
It reminded me of my 100-dollar tip. What if I had annoyed the driver So I decided to call the car company and ask them to pass on a message to the driver apologizing for the improper tip and explaining the situation.
To my surprise, the car company responded that the driver had actually called to express his gratitude for the unexpected big tip. He had apparently been having a tough week and the money had come at just the right time.
I was astonished. All my worry had been for nothing. What started out as a source of anxiety ended up being a heartwarming experience. I learned that sometimes it’s better to go with your feelings and be generous, even if it means taking a risk.
18．What did the author realize when she dug around in her purse
A．She had spent 100 dollars on emergency.
B．She had to ask the driver for smaller changes.
C．She had nothing but two chocolates to offer the driver.
D．She had no smaller notes and might tip too high or too low.
19．Why did the author mention the tipping in Italy
A．To compare different tipping customs.
B．To share a personal story of her friend.
C．To show the possibility of upsetting the driver.
D．To demonstrate her rich knowledge on tipping.
20．What was the driver’s response to the tipping
A．He was annoyed by the large tip. B．He appreciated the author’s generosity.
C．He was grateful and refused the money. D．He was upset by the awkward interaction.
21．What can we conclude from the passage
A．Good things are possible when you follow your heart.
B．You’d better think carefully before taking action.
C．When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
D．A penny saved is a penny earned.
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）Born with severe hearing loss, Li has found her way to communicate with the world—through painting.
Before learning to paint, Li always felt lonely in a silent world. She knew she was different from her peers because she could not hear. But a painting class in primary school opened for her a door to creativity and a way of expression.
“I still remember my first mural, which was to help a kindergarten to design and paint its wall,” Li says. “The project made me realize how happy I was immersing myself into painting.”
To pursue her passion for art, Li went to study advertising design at a vocational and technical school. “Painting brushes can help me create a colorful world in my imagination, telling my thoughts on paper, instead of through voices,” Li said.
Graduating from college in 2005, Li got a job as a typist at a public institute. But she could not communicate well with her other colleagues. Her husband understood how she felt because he lost his hearing due to medication when he was 1 year old. He is also an art lover. In March 2016, under her husband’s suggestion, Li quit her job and joined her husband’s company, which specializes in 3D wall and ground paintings.
Wall painting is a demanding job because it requires people to work outdoors, whether in extremely cold or hot weather. As all the people are hearing-impaired in their company, communication with clients is the most common challenge that the team faces.
Now in many parks and scenic spots, the couple have created large-scale murals and interactive pavement painting that make onlookers a part of the drawings.
“My husband and I want to introduce painting to more people like us and help them find their own way to make a living,” Li says. Now Li has an apprentice who just graduated from college. While coaching the newcomer, Li is exploring her own style and hopes to become an illustrator and open her own exhibition one day.
“They’re energetic young people with a passion to create new things, and you can feel that in their paintings,” one of their clients said. “They’re also a professional, dedicated team, often working late into the night on the designs for us.”
Li hopes that their stories can encourage more hearing-impaired people to build their own careers and achieve their goals, regardless of how tough it may be.
22．According to the passage, the painting class in primary school ________.
A．started Li’s first advertising design
B．helped Li find a new way to express herself
C．made Li learn about 3D wall and ground paintings
D．turned Li’s dream of opening an exhibition into reality
23．What can we know from this passage
A．Li can communicate with her clients easily.
B．Li lost her hearing when she was I year old.
C．Li and her husband have created many wonderful paintings.
D．Li and her husband hope to become illustrators in the future.
24．To help people with hearing loss, what does Li intend to do
A．Donate money to them. B．Design painting gifts for them.
C．Inspire them to create their own careers. D．Support them to complete college education.
25．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．One is never too old to learn. B．Failure is the mother of success.
C．Accepting what you have makes you happy. D．Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.
（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different elementary schools in and around the small town of 100-Mile House, British Columbia, were warming up and walking the route through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally saw David standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old, with messy red hair. But his usual big toothy grin was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. The only response he gave me was he had decided not to run. What was wrong He had worked so hard for this event! David’s cerebral palsy (脑瘫) prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his peers thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. It just took him longer. He had stubbornly run a total of twenty three kilometres in practice runs to prepare for that day’s two-and-a-half-kilometre run, and he had asked me to come and watch. We sat down together on some steps, but David wouldn’t look at me.
I quietly said, “David, if you don’t want to run today, no one is going to make you. But if you’re not running because you’re afraid someone is going to laugh, that’s not a good enough reason. There will always be someone who will laugh and say mean things. Are you going to let them get in your way If you really want to run, David, then you run!” I held my breath as David took this in. Then he looked at the field and said, “I’m gonna run.”
The starter’s gun sounded. But he had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground. My heart sank. As I started to shout encouragement, David picked himself up and started again. All the other runners had disappeared over the hill. But it didn’t matter. He had worked for it, and he wouldn’t give up!
I waited anxiously by the finish line as the most runners completed and another race had begun. Still no David! I started to feel sick. Had I done the wrong thing Could he have become lost Finally, a small figure emerged from the forest. David raised his arms in triumph as he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause. He caught my eye, flashed me a toothy grin and said, “That was easy!”
26．What made David unable to run like other children
A．His mental problem. B．His physical condition.
C．His laziness. D．His hesitation.
27．David decided to run because ________.
A．he was encouraged to B．he wanted to be the first
C．he was laughed into doing it D．he knew it was a shorter distance
28．Which of the following can best describe David
A．Brave and talkative. B．Out-going and kind-hearted.
C．Lively and hard-working. D．Optimistic and strong-willed.
29．By using the phrase “a toothy grin” in the last sentence, the writer intends to tell us about David’s ________.
A．competence in finishing a run B．positive attitude towards life
C．ability to win cheers and applause D．efforts to catch others’ attention
参考答案
1．A 2．B 3．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述非常喜欢阅读的Sherene加入图书馆举行的“大声朗读计划”，她的朗读十分生动且引人入胜的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Later, when she grew up and became a teacher, she read aloud to her students many times throughout the day. Since her retirement, she read aloud only to herself and Boots, her cat.(后来，当她长大成为一名教师时，她整天大声朗读给她的学生听。退休后，她只对自己和她的猫博姿大声朗读)”可知，Sherene过去是一名老师。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Once home, she sat down to read the brochure, which said, ‘Project Read Aloud seeks to provide the opportunity of hearing stories read aloud in a comfortable setting.’ That is a fine goal, she thought.(回到家后，她坐下来阅读小册子，上面写着：‘大声朗读计划旨在提供机会，让人们在舒适的环境中听到大声朗读的故事。’这是一个很好的目标，她想)”及第六段中“Sherene filled out the form. She loved reading aloud.(Sherene填好了表格。她喜欢大声朗读)”可知，“大声朗读计划”旨在提供机会，让人们在舒适的环境中听到大声朗读的故事，而Sherene喜欢大声朗读，因此这个计划符合她的兴趣，所以她报名加入。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“She wove the tale masterfully creating voices for the characters, pausing for emphasis, and taking the listeners into another world.(她巧妙地编织了这个故事，为人物创造了声音，为强调而停顿，并将听众带入另一个世界)”及最后一段中“When Sherene read the last words of the story, there was a momentary silence as it all sank into the listeners and then a burst of enthusiastic applause.(当Sherene读到故事的最后几个字时，听众陷入了短暂的沉默，然后爆发出热烈的掌声)”可知，Sherene的朗读非常生动且引人入胜。故选D。
4．B 5．D 6．C 7．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者天生脑损伤，但仍然梦想成为一名科学家。经历了重重困难，最终作者实现了自己的梦想。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was hoping to pursue a career in science, but I started to wonder whether that would be possible. I thought my dreams had crashed to the ground.(我希望从事科学方面的职业，但我开始怀疑这是否可能。我以为我的梦想已经破灭了)”可知，作者的梦想是成为科学家。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Shortly after my first birthday, I started walking and it became clear my intelligence function was unaffected. So, in some sense, I was lucky.(在我第一个生日后不久，我开始走路，很明显我的智力功能没有受到影响。所以，在某种意义上，我是幸运的)”可知，作者说他在第二段是幸运的，因为他的脑损伤没有影响他的智力。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“As a teenager, I faced a lot of bullying at school. Feeling alone, I joined a study group called “The natural world”. I thought that getting into the world of animals would keep me away from people. That’s how I came into the field of biology.(十几岁的时候，我在学校遭遇了很多欺凌。感到孤独，我加入了一个名为“自然世界”的学习小组。我以为进入动物的世界会让我远离人类。这就是我进入生物学领域的原因)”可知，从文章中可以看出，作者的孤独使他走向了生物学的世界。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’ve come to realize that my hands aren’t the barrier I thought they were. By making use of my abilities and working as part of a team, I’ve been able to follow my passions. I’ve also realized that there’s much more to being a scientist than performing the physical labor. I may not collect all the data in my papers, but I’m fully capable of designing experiments and interpreting results, which, to me, is the most exciting part of science.(我开始意识到我的手并不是我想象中的障碍。通过发挥我的能力和团队合作，我能够追随我的热情。我也意识到，作为一名科学家，除了从事体力劳动，还有更多的事情要做。我可能无法在论文中收集所有的数据，但我完全有能力设计实验并解释结果，对我来说，这是科学中最令人兴奋的部分)”结合文章讲述了作者天生脑损伤，但仍然梦想成为一名科学家。经历了重重困难，最终作者实现了自己的梦想。可推知，作者想要表达的是：阳光总会穿过暴风雨。故选D。
8. A 9. B 10. D 11. B
12．C 13．B 14．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者小时候撇石头的经历帮助作者获得了很多锦标赛大奖。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was satisfying making them dance on the surface. That perfect skim, where the stone glided (滑行)，brought me fantastic feelings-and still does.（让他们在水面上跳舞是一种满足。石头滑过的那一段完美的飞掠，给我带来了奇妙的感觉——现在仍然如此。）可知，作者小时候喜欢撇石头是因为石头滑过带来的满足感。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“I returned to the 2018 championship, hoping for a champion.”（我重返2018年的锦标赛，希望能获得冠军）和倒数第二段“the feeling of winning made a decision for me.”（胜利的感觉让我做了一个决定）可知，对胜利的渴望帮助作者赢得了每一个冠军。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m a big believer in giving things a go. I’m 42, and to become a world champion at this stage is pretty left-field. It showed me it was worth jumping in the car that day-and proof that a childhood spent throwing muddy stones from beaches wasn’t wasted.”（我坚信凡事都要试一试。我已经42岁了，在这个阶段成为世界冠军是相当不可能的。它告诉我，那天跳进车里是值得的，也证明了从海滩上扔泥石的童年没有浪费。）可知，短文叙述了作者小时候撇石头的经历帮助作者获得了很多锦标赛大奖。所以能推理出更大的舞台已经为那些敢于尝试的人准备好了。故选C项。
15．B 16．A 17．D
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的姑姑与父亲因为分歧，多年未见面。父亲收到了姑姑的来信，父亲很悔恨，并打算将作者送到姑姑那里去接受好的教育。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“This was the first communication that had come from her aunt in Jessie’s lifetime. (这是Jessie生命中第一次与姑姑的联系。)”以及文章第六段““More than forty,” her father said. “We disagreed. We invariably disagreed. (父亲说道：“四十多年了。我们有分歧，我们总是有分歧”。)”可知，作者的父亲和姑姑已经四十多年没见面了，故他们的关系在年轻的时候就破裂了，故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第五段“She was excited at the thought of meeting this mythical aunt whom she had so often heard about. (一想到能见到这个她经常听说的神奇的姑姑，她就激动不已。)”可知，Jessie很渴望见到姑姑，故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He sighed again, and Jessie knew that for the hundredth time he was regretting his own past weakness... (父亲再次叹气，d Jessie知道，父亲已经为自己过去的软弱后悔了几百次了……)”可知，作者的父亲为之前的软弱感到悔恨，因此父亲是为之前的所做的事情感动后悔，故选D。
18．D 19．C 20．B 21．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者主要讲述了自己给巨额小费的经历和感悟。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I had nothing smaller. And I had nothing else to offer but two chocolates from the wedding. So, I could tip the driver that $100 note or two chocolates. (我没有更小的了。除了婚礼上的两块巧克力，我没有别的礼物。所以，我可以给司机100美元或者两块巧克力)”可知，作者翻钱包时发现没有比100美元更小面额的钱，小费只能给100美元或者两块巧克力，而100美元作为小费太多，两块巧克力作为小费又太少。故选D。
19．推理判断题。前两段描述了作者在意大利给司机100美元小费的经历，结合第四段前两句“It reminded me of my 100-dollar tip. What if I had annoyed the driver (这让我想起了我的100美元小费。如果我惹恼了司机怎么办？)”可知，作者提到在意大利给小费的事是为了说明这一举动有可能惹恼了司机。故选C。
20．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“To my surprise, the car company responded that the driver had actually called to express his gratitude for the unexpected big tip. (令我惊讶的是，汽车公司回应说，司机实际上是打电话来对意外的巨额小费表示感谢的)”可知，司机感谢作者的慷慨。故选B。
21．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What started out as a source of anxiety ended up being a heartwarming experience. I learned that sometimes it’s better to go with your feelings and be generous, even if it means taking a risk. (一开始是焦虑的来源，最后变成了一次温暖人心的经历。我明白了，有时候跟随自己的感觉、慷慨大方是更好的选择，即使这意味着要承担风险)”可推知，当你跟随自己的内心，好事就有可能发生，故选A。
22．B 23．C 24．C 25．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Li天生听力严重受损，但她通过绘画找到了与世界交流的方式，她希望她的故事能鼓励那些与她一样听力受损的人建立自己的事业，实现自己的梦想。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But a painting class in primary school opened for her a door to creativity and a way of expression.(但小学的绘画课为她打开了一扇通往创造力和表达方式的大门。)”可知，小学的绘画课为她打开了创造力与表达自己的大门。故选B项。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“Now in many parks and scenic spots, the couple have created large-scale murals and interactive pavement painting that make onlookers a part of the drawings.(现在，在很多公园和景区，这对夫妇创作了大型壁画和互动路面绘画，让旁观者成为绘画的一部分。)”可知，在许多公园和景点都能见到Li与她丈夫的作品，由此可知，她与她丈夫创作了许多美好的绘画。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Li hopes that their stories can encourage more hearing-impaired people to build their own careers and achieve their goals, regardless of how tough it may be.(Li希望他们的故事可以鼓励更多的听障人士建立自己的事业并实现自己的目标，无论多么艰难。)”可知，Li希望用自己的故事激励那些跟她一样听力受损的人无论有多难，要建立自己的事业，实现自己的梦想。故选C项。
25．主旨大意题。根据首段“Born with severe hearing loss, Li has found her way to communicate with the world—through painting.(天生患有严重的听力损失，李找到了与世界交流的方式——通过绘画。)”可知，Li虽听力受损，但她仍找到了与世界沟通的方式——绘画，根据第四段中的“To pursue her passion for art, Li went to study advertising design at a vocational and technical school.(为了追求自己对艺术的热情，李去一所职业技术学校学习广告设计。)”可知，她为追求自己对艺术热爱，她上大学学习广告设计，并顺利毕业，找到一份工作，但她不满意自己的工作状况，又辞职与她丈夫从事3D墙面和地面绘画，并在各公园和旅游景点创作许多的艺术作品，由此可知，本文主要告诉我们的是，只要肯努力，没有什么不可能。故选D项。
26．B 27．A 28．D 29．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是患有脑瘫的David想要放弃越野跑比赛，但是通过作者的鼓励，David还是坚持参加了比赛，在他冲线的时候，全部人都为他感到高兴。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段的“David’s cerebral palsy (脑瘫) prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his peers thought of him as a regular kid.”(大卫的脑瘫使他不能像其他孩子一样走路或跑步，但在学校，他的同学们都认为他是一个普通的孩子。)可知，大卫患有脑瘫，因此可知，他的身体状况不允许他像其他孩子一样走路和跑步。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段的“I quietly said, “David, if you don’t want to run today, no one is going to make you. But if you’re not running because you’re afraid someone is going to laugh, that’s not a good enough reason. There will always be someone who will laugh and say mean things. Are you going to let them get in your way If you really want to run, David, then you run!” I held my breath as David took this in. Then he looked at the field and said, “I’m gonna run.”
”(我平静地说:“大卫，如果你今天不想参加跑步，没有人会强迫你的。但如果你不是因为害怕别人会笑话而跑步，那就不是一个足够好的理由。总会有人嘲笑你，说些刻薄的话。你要让他们挡你的路吗 如果你真的想跑，大卫，那就跑吧!”当大卫理解这些时，我屏住了呼吸。然后他看着球场说:“我要跑。”)可推断，在作者的鼓励下，大卫决定跑。故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The starter’s gun sounded. But he had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground. My heart sank. As I started to shout encouragement, David picked himself up and started again. All the other runners had disappeared over the hill. But it didn’t matter. He had worked for it, and he wouldn’t give up!(枪响了。但他只走了几米就绊倒了，倒在地上。我的心沉了下来。当我开始大声鼓励时，大卫站了起来，又开始了。所有其他的跑步者都消失在山上去了。但这并不重要。他为此努力了，他不会放弃！)”可推断，大卫摔倒后继续站起来跑步，说明他是意志坚强的，再根据倒数第一段的“Finally, a small figure emerged from the forest. David raised his arms in triumph as he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause. He caught my eye, flashed me a toothy grin and said, “That was easy!”(最后，一个小人影从森林里冒了出来。在疯狂的欢呼和掌声中，大卫冲过终点线，胜利地举起了双臂。他吸引了我的目光，向我咧嘴一笑，说：“这很容易！”)”可推断，大卫是乐观积极的。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据倒数第一段的“Finally, a small figure emerged from the forest. David raised his arms in triumph as he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause. He caught my eye, flashed me a toothy grin and said, “That was easy!”(最后，一个小人影从森林里冒了出来。在疯狂的欢呼和掌声中，大卫冲过终点线，胜利地举起了双臂。他吸引了我的目光，向我咧嘴一笑，说：“这很容易！”)”可知，大卫最终冲过了重点线，完成了跑步比赛，朝作者咧嘴笑，并说跑步是容易的，说明大卫完成了跑步是高兴的，说跑步是容易的，说明大卫对生活积极乐观，因此推断作者通过说大卫“咧嘴笑”，是为了告诉我们大卫对生活的积极的态度。故选B。2023北京高三一模英语汇编
写作
一、建议信
1．（2023·北京东城·统考一模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim所在的学校即将迎来百年校庆。他参与准备活动，负责向来宾介绍学校的变化，问你有什么好的建议。请你用英文给他回邮件，内容包括：
1.表示祝贺;
2.你的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：纪念日anniversary
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
2．（2023·北京西城·统考一模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。最近你收到英国好友Jim的来信，得知他和朋友们骑车旅行一周的计划没有得到父母的许可，他感到非常沮丧。请你给Jim写一封回信，内容包括：
1.表示安慰；
2.给出建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
3．（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你与交换生Jim要共同完成一篇项目学习的论文，他建议用AI完成初稿。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件, 内容包括:
1. 委婉拒绝并说明理由;
2. 你的建议及计划。
注意: 1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词语:项目学习-project-based learning
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
4．（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim给你写了一封信，提及因为误解，他和同学产生了不愉快。请用英文给Jim回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 安慰Jim；
2. 具体建议。
注意：1．词数 100 左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
二、邀请信
5．（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你正在组建与英语学习相关的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你校交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 介绍研究的具体内容和意义；
2. 说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：研究性学习 research-based learning
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
6．（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校即将举办“中医药文化”主题活动，你打算邀请交换生Jim参加。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.介绍活动；
2.邀请参加。
提示词：Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)中医药
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
三、告知信/通知
7．（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）假设你是红星中学高三(1)班学生李华。你的外国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国十二生肖感兴趣。请你给他回一封邮件介绍你的生肖，内容包括：
1. 简介中国的十二生肖；2. 你的生肖和生肖对你的影响。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词语：十二生肖 the twelve animal signs
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
四、其他应用文
8．（2023·北京房山·统考一模）假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。下周将有一个英国的学生代表团来你校进行为期两天的交流访问，你将作为学生代表致词。请你用英文写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.简要介绍主要活动安排；
3.表达美好祝愿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．Dear Jim,
Congratulations on your school’s upcoming centennial anniversary! It’s a remarkable achievement and a testament to the school’s commitment to education.
As for your request for suggestions on how to introduce the school’s changes to guests, I would recommend highlighting the school’s technological advancements. You could showcase the school’s state-of-the-art facilities, such as the computer labs and interactive whiteboards, and how they have enhanced the learning experience for students. Additionally, you could also mention the school’s efforts in promoting diversity and inclusivity, such as the establishment of cultural clubs and the implementation of anti-bullying policies.
I hope these suggestions are helpful, and I wish you all the best for a successful anniversary celebration.
Yours
Li Hua
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章要求考生作为高三学生李华，给英国好友Jim一些建议和祝贺，关于他们即将到来的百年校庆。
【详解】1.词汇积累
即将到来的：upcoming → imminent
建议：suggestion → proposal
提到：mention → refer to
有帮助的：helpful → favourable
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Congratulations on your school’s upcoming centennial anniversary! It’s a remarkable achievement and a testament to the school’s commitment to education.
拓展句：Congratulations on your school’s upcoming centennial anniversary which is a remarkable achievement and a testament to the school’s commitment to education.
【点睛】【高分句型1】You could showcase the school’s state-of-the-art facilities, such as the computer labs and interactive whiteboards, and how they have enhanced the learning experience for students.（运用了how引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】I hope these suggestions are helpful, and I wish you all the best for a successful anniversary celebration.（运用省略that引导的宾语从句）
2．Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t get your parents’ permission to go on a week-long bike trip with your friends. You’re upset and I’d like to give you some comfort and advice.
As far as I’m concerned, the most important thing that you need do now is have a good conversation with your parents, which is beneficial to your relationship. Besides, there is no need for you to be disappointed about this because your parents just want to protect you from potentially dangerous situation.
I hope you will get better in no time.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。最近你收到英国好友Jim的来信，得知他和朋友们骑车旅行一周的计划没有得到父母的许可，他感到非常沮丧。请你给Jim写一封回信，表示安慰，并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
失望的：disappointed/upset→discouraged
建议：advice→suggestion
有益的：beneficial→helpful
此外：besides→in addition
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：You’re upset and I’d like to give you some comfort and advice.
拓展句：Since you’re upset, I’d like to give you some comfort and advice.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As far as I’m concerned, the most important thing that you need do now is have a good conversation with your parents, which is beneficial to your relationship. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, there is no need for you to be disappointed about this because your parents just want to protect you from potentially dangerous situation. (运用了because引导原因状语从句)
3．Dear Jim,
Thanks for your suggestion on using AI to finish the first draft of our paper. But after further consideration, I’m afraid it’s not a wise idea.
Firstly, it goes against the purpose of project-based learning, which is to cultivate critical thinking and teamwork. Moreover, AI is unlikely to accurately present our ideas, because it hasn’t “got involved in” our project.
So, I suggest we write the paper ourselves. We can start by brainstorming together to create an outline after generating some original and creative ideas. Then we can work independently on different parts, and finally work together to finalize our paper. I believe we can do a better job than AI.
Hope you can understand. Expecting our distinctive draft.
Yours,
Li Hua
4．范文1
Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to hear that you are having trouble with your classmates. It’s never easy when misunderstandings occur. But don’t worry, I’m here for you.
I have some suggestions that might help. Try having an open and honest conversation with your classmates. Explain how you’re feeling and listen to their points as well. It’s possible that they just didn’t realize they were causing you harm. If that doesn’t work, don’t be afraid to ask teachers for help. They’re expert at dealing with conflicts and can give you advice on how to handle the situation.
I hope this helps. Just remember that conflicts are totally normal, but with a little patience and understanding, you are sure to work through it. Take care.
Yours,
Li Hua
范文2
Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to hear that you’re experiencing some difficulties with your classmates. It can be tough when misunderstandings occur, but please know that you’re not alone. We all go through similar situations in our lives.
As for your situation, here are some suggestions that might help. Firstly, try to have an open and honest conversation with your classmates to understand their perspective and clarify any misunderstandings. Secondly, it’s important to approach the situation with kindness and empathy. Finally, don’t be afraid to seek help from a teacher or counselor if the situation continues.
Remember, you’re a great person and don’t let this situation bring you down. Keep your head up and stay positive!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回复邮件，对于他和同学产生的不愉快表示安慰并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
发生：occur→happen
观点：point→view
向……求助：ask…for help→turn to…for help
完全：totally→completely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：They’re expert at dealing with conflicts and can give you advice on how to handle the situation.
拓展句：They’re expert at dealing with conflicts, who can give you advice on how to handle the situation.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I have some suggestions that might help.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】It’s possible that they just didn’t realize they were causing you harm.（运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句以省略that的宾语从句）
【高分句型3】If that doesn’t work, don’t be afraid to ask teachers for help.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
5．Dear Jim,
How is it going We plan to form a research-based learning group. I wonder whether you would like to join us.
Our topic is “A Study on the Differences between British English and American English”. We mainly focus on their differences in terms of spelling, pronunciation and vocabulary. The aim is to make us familiar with the underlying causes and effects of the differences so that we can gain a better understanding of the English language.
I know you are a native speaker of British English and you lived in America for several years, so hopefully you can give us some guidance during the research process. Please inform me of your decision by this Friday.
Your involvement will add much joy to our group. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
(2)
Dear Jim,
As you know, we are required to do research-based learning this term. I am writing to invite you to join my team.
Here is the detailed information. We intend to compare Chinese literature and English literature in the same historical period, for example, Shakespeare and Tang Xianzu of the Ming Dynasty. Since there was little chance for pure literary exchange between nations in history, what we are doing can help great writers from China and Britain talk spiritually to some extent.
I want you in because I know you have a great passion for British literature. Your professional knowledge will surely help us in efficiency and accuracy. Also, just imagine the sense of awe you may get from the similarities and differences we will find. If you are interested, let me know before next Friday.
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours,
Li Hua
(3)
Dear Jim,
I’m establishing a research-based learning team on English study. I wonder if you would like to be a member of it.
I plan to study how to improve our English ability by watching English movies. Ten classic English movies like Forrest Gump will be covered. We will analyse the authentic expressions and native pronunciations, and discuss how to apply them to English study. As watching English movies offers an easy access to English a learning, this project will give students a clue about enjoyable and practical learning methods.
Knowing you have conducted relevant research, I think my project may feed your interest from a different angle. Moreover, I’m sure your participation will increase the efficiency of completing tasks. If you’d like to come, please let me know before next Friday.
I sincerely hope that we can work together on this project.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一封电子邮件，邀请交换生Jim参加英语学习相关的研究性学习小组，并且向他介绍研究的具体内容和意义并说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。
【详解】1. 词汇积累（以第一篇范文为例）
打算做：plan to→intend to
专注于：focus on→be centered on
在……方面：in terms of→in the field of
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I know you are a native speaker of British English and you lived in America for several years.
复合句：I know you are a native speaker of British English who lived in America for several years.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I wonder whether you would like to join us.（whether引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]The aim is to make us familiar with the underlying causes and effects of the differences so that we can gain a better understanding of the English language.（不定式作表语以及so that引导的目的状语从句）
6．Dear Jim,
Extremely thrilled to know that you are fascinated by traditional Chinese medicine, I am writing to invite you to participate in an activity themed traditional Chinese medicine culture, which is to be held in the school hall, this Saturday afternoon.
Traditional Chinese medicine has been passed down for thousands of years. With an extensive and profound culture, it is the treasure of Chinese civilization. The activity is intended to provide you with some basic knowledge of medical theory, diagnostic methods, prescriptions and cures concerning traditional Chinese medicine. Present at the activity, you will also be exposed to some wide-spread stories praising the experienced and notable doctors in ancient China.
This is surely a good chance for you to know more ways of preserving good health and to have a deeper insight into traditional Chinese medicine. Looking forward to you showing up.
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生给交换生Jim写一封邀请信，邀请他参加学校举办的“中医药文化”活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
对……感兴趣：be fascinated by→show interest in/be enthusiastic about
激动的：thrilled→excited
目的是：be intended to do→be aimed at doing/aim to do
提供：provide→offer/supply
了解：have an insight into→have an understanding of/know about
2.句式拓展：
原句：Traditional Chinese medicine has been passed down for thousands of years. With an extensive and profound culture, it is the treasure of Chinese civilization.
拓展句：Traditional Chinese medicine has been passed down for thousands of years, which is the treasure of Chinese civilization, with an extensive and profound culture.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Present at the activity, you will also be exposed to some wide-spread stories praising the experienced and notable doctors in ancient China.（运用了形容词作状语。）
【高分句型2】
Extremely thrilled to know that you are fascinated by traditional Chinese medicine, I am writing to invite you to participate in an activity themed traditional Chinese medicine culture, which is to be held in the school hall, this Saturday afternoon.（运用了形容词作状语和which引导非限制性定语从句。）
7．Dear Jim,
I’m glad to know that you’re interested in Chinese culture, especially 12 Chinese zodiac signs. As you know, 12 Chinese zodiac represent twelve different animals, each year one animal. These twelve animals play a significant role in Chinese culture and are often used in various forms of art, festivals, and even in daily life. They are often associated with certain characteristics and are believed to influence the personalities and fortunes of people born in their corresponding years.
In the Chinese zodiac, I’m a monkey. I am outgoing, lively, good with people, and have many friends. What’s more, I am also resourceful, forward-looking, and competitive. What’s the most important is that I have a good heart to others.
I hope my introduction is helpful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假设你是红星中学高三(1)班学生李华。你的外国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国十二生肖感兴趣。请你给他回一封邮件介绍你的生肖，内容包括：1. 简介中国的十二生肖；2. 你的生肖和生肖对你的影响。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对……感兴趣：be interested in→have interest in
特别是：especially→particularly
重要的：significant→vital
此外：What’s more=Besides
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：In the Chinese zodiac, I’m a monkey. I am outgoing, lively, good with people, and have many friends.
拓展句：In the Chinese zodiac, I’m a monkey, so I am outgoing, lively, good with people, and have many friends
【点睛】[高分句型1] As you know, 12 Chinese zodiac represent twelve different animals, each year one animal.(运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] I’m glad to know that you’re interested in Chinese culture, especially 12 Chinese zodiac signs. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
8．Dear friends,
Welcome to our school. I am Li Hua, Chairman of the Student Union. On behalf of my school, I will introduce the main arrangements for the following two days.
As scheduled, on the first day, we would like to invite you to take a tour of our campus, through which you will get a general idea of our school. In the afternoon, you can take part in various activities such as paper cutting and calligraphy to experience traditional Chinese culture in person. On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
Hope you enjoy your stay here! Thank you!
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生写一篇发言稿，向来校交流的英国的学生代表团表示欢迎，并介绍活动安排。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
代表：On behalf of→ represent
参加：take part in→ join in/get involved in
各种各样的：various→ a variety of/varieties of
惊讶的：amazed→ surprised/astonished
2.句式拓展：
同义句转换
原句：On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
拓展句：Then followed the trip to the Forbidden City on the second day, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
As scheduled, on the first day, we would like to invite you to take a tour of our campus, through which you will get a general idea of our school.（运用了介词+which引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】
On the second day, we will take you to the Forbidden City, a must-see attraction in Beijing, where you will be amazed at the architectural styles and treasures preserved there.（运用了名词作同位语和where引导非限制性定语从句。）2023北京高三一模英语汇编
七选五
一、七选五
（2023·北京东城·统考一模）With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious. ____1____ Is it right Maybe not.
Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic. ____2____
One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury. ____3____ Techno-optimism has led many to believe that if everyone just switched to driving electric vehicles, we would be making incredible steps towards sustainability. However, the reality is that the amount of resources and energy needed to produce enough electric vehicles for everyone is not even remotely sustainable.
____4____ Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars, Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.
Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints. ____5____ It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. Until we are ready to face the need for a less complex life, we cannot make true progress towards sustainability.
A．So where should we look for answers instead
B．The modern world’s simple solution is technology.
C．Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.
D．Is it a trap that many people have fallen into in recent years
E．Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.
F．Despite any technology, we as a whole are not living sustainably.
G．Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe.____6____Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence.
New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason. Until recently, psychologists assumed that children did not start to care about their reputation and their friends’ thoughts about them until around age nine.
But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom.____7____
To learn more about how children think about reputation, we created simple stories and then asked children questions about these situations to allow kids to showcase their thinking.
Across several studies, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test.____8____The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two kids as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature-they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of others. When assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.
____9____Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. ____10____Parents could point out how a child’s question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn together. Adults could praise kids for seeking assistance. These responses send a strong signal that other people value a willingness to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success.
A．Kids could be afraid to ask their parents for help.
B．Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable.
C．In another study we told them that only one kid did poorly.
D．Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions.
E．The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost.
F．But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer.
G．We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help.
（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）"Just think positively!"
“It could be worse. "
“You should look at the bright side!"
We've all heard (and maybe used) these phrases without much thought. But they could be contributing to a culture of toxic (有毒的) positivity. For those new to this term, it might sound like an oxymoron (矛盾修辞法). How can positivity be toxic Isn't it supposed to be helpful, or "positive”，as the name suggests 11
“Toxic positivity is when somebody avoids all negative thoughts or felings, pretending everything is going well when it is not, " explains Melissa Dowd, a therapist at PlushCare, a virtual health platform for primary care and mental health services. Whitney Goodman, the author of Toxic Positivity describes toxic positivity as the“endless pressure to be happy and positive, no matter what the circumstances are. " 12 It's also something we can cause other people to experience.
Expressing toxic positivity to others may look like offering them a simple solution to a complicated problem that we know nothing about, or not allowing people around you to appropriately express negative emotions.
Toxic positivity causes us to suppress our emotions, which can make them worse. 13 “ Although it can be helpful to look on the bright side when facing challenges, " Dowd says, “not coping with negative feelings in a healthy way in the moment can lead to those feelings resurfacing later in different areas of your life or as a form of anxiety. " 14 “If I feel like you're going to dismiss me, I'm going to stop sharing how I'm felling, " Goodman adds.
15 If you're using toxic positivity against yourself, Goodman suggests remembering it's OK if you' re upset about something. It's valid if something annoys you. “Allow ourselves and other people to share when they' re going through a difficult time, " she says. Dowd adds that it's essential that“we all learn to cope with and process our emotions in a healthy way as opposed to avoiding how we feel"as life's stressors continue to rise. For example, instead of simply saying “Just think positively, " we'd better say“Sometimes bad things happen. How can I help "
A. Are there ways to avoid toxic positivity
B. Toxic positivity also disrupts connection.
C. It can harm people who are going through difficult times.
D. This can come up in different situations when we are dealing with pressure.
E. They become more intense and can cause long- lasting health concerns in the future.
F. Experts say constant forced positivity can lead to the opposite, and have a negative effect.
G. This is what we may bring on to ourselves by not allowing negative thoughts and feeling.
（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）Once upon a time, we were all question-asking experts. We started asking our parents numerous questions as kids. By preschool, our inquiries even reached the depths of science, philosophy, and the social order. Where does the sun go at night Why doesn’t that man have a home like we do Why do rocks sink but ice floats ____16____
Why does the child’s urge to ask questions grow inactive in so many adults An important factor is how the social environments surrounding us change as we age. Schools transform from a place for asking questions to one funded by our ability to answer them. ____17____ And we recognize that society rewards the people who propose to have the answers.
____18____ We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their curiosity, too. In that encouragement, we help create an environment where those around us feel safe to ask questions.
When it comes to how we phrase questions, we are advised to open with less sensitive questions, favor follow-up questions, and keep questions open-ended. We can also practice asking questions of and for ourselves by keeping a running list of questions in a journal. ____19____ Finally, we could set aside time to ask absurd questions like “How would you accomplish a week’s work in two hours ” This type of questions forces us to break the boundaries of our comfort zone.
In the world that does not look much as it did years ago, we must ask questions. ____20____ Great questions can open up our capacity to change because they allow us to draw people in, opening them up to sharing knowledge, ideas, and opinions. And they are also our primary means of learning about the world. In short, asking questions is the best way to deepen our understanding of the things that matter to our life. As any child could probably tell us if we asked.
A．Then, at some point, our inquiring desires disappear.
B．It is a high-payoff behavior especially in times of change.
C．The questions we ask depend on our attitudes as well as the situations.
D．But as we grow up, asking questions fills us with worry and self-doubt.
E．As such, one way to renew our inquiring spirit is to change the atmosphere.
F．We learn to sell ourselves on the job market by what we know, not what we don’t.
G．It not only removes the publicity from question asking, but offers us a place to experiment.
（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）Expressive writing or journaling is one way to help you heal from trauma (创伤).___21___. It can help you process what you’ve been through and assist you as you envision a path forward.
Why does a writing intervention work ___22___In fact, narrating the story of an ongoing anxiety “frees up” cognitive resources. When you write down the emotions associated with a traumatic experience, you may be changing the way it is organized in the brain. You are then able to detach from the emotion, making it easier for you to talk about and process the event.
However, for most people, the thought of acknowledging emotions and admitting that there’s something wrong with us is difficult. This is because expressing emotions can bring up feelings of guilt and shame.___23___That is what sets journaling apart. This is between you and your journal — you don’t have to share it with anyone unless, of course, you choose to.
If you’re interested in trying out writing as a tool for healing, start your writing by setting a timer for ten minutes.___24___Think of one object in your home that signifies a moment for you. See it in full color. Feel the weight of it. Use all your senses. Now, write about that object and see how large its meaning can become.
___25___How you heal from trauma can be different from person to person as well. It all depends on what works best for you. Remember, one size does not fit all. Writing may not work for everyone, but you won’t know if you don’t try.
A．Despite that, expressive writing remains an accessible tool.
B．Of course, expressive writing is hardly a panacea (灵丹妙药).
C．Also, seeking help for emotional stress is often seen as a sign of weakness.
D．It may seem abnormal that writing about negative experiences has a positive effect.
E．Once you have a better handle on your problems, you can move forward and get on with life.
F．It is writing from your heart and mind and about the emotion associated with a certain event.
G．Let your mind go to the detailed, specific moments to get to the feelings and truth of your experience.
（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）Offload Thoughts
In our busy world, we rush from task to task, often leaving us feeling easily angered. We seek out technology or brain-enhancing products to help us optimize (最优化) our productivity, but end up running on a never-ending hamster(仓鼠) wheel. ____26____ It feels like our entire lives are engineered toward one question: How much can I get done in the least amount of time
Research shows that spending too much time optimizing our thoughts for perfect outcomes not only leaves us feeling exhausted, but can also have harmful effects on our wellbeing and work output. Optimizing thoughts requires being highly focused. But it just goes against the way our minds work. That is to say, efficiency isn’t always productive when we pursue it. ____27____ And to some extent, it can even cause impulsive (鲁莽的) decision-making.
Our brain essentially has two main modes of operating: the “focus network” and the “default mode network.” When one network works, the other physically can’t turn on. The modern world often demands we live in the focus network and the default mode network is often less celebrated. ____28____ So in order to make more effective decisions and feel better in our daily lives, we have to spend less time in our brain’s “focus network.”
Cognitive (认知的) offloading is an accessible practice. It has the potential to not only release emotions, but enhance mental capabilities, too. Even just a few moments of creative flow — like offloading the feelings of anxiety by doodling (涂鸦) before a meeting — can have a strong impact on emotions. ____29____ We might try cognitive offloading as a transition from our action-oriented workday into a more relaxed evening routine.
____30____ And we can see what takes shape. Some unproductive pathways often can help us feel more creative, refreshed, and alive.
A．The functionality is simpler than you might imagine.
B．Give ourselves a few minutes to offload our emotions.
C．Being focused all the time can eventually lead to less self-control.
D．Fortunately, there is a way to stop this kind of always-on mentality.
E．It’s no surprise that the majority of us feel more exhausted than ever.
F．But spending more time on the latter offers a form of “insurance” for our emotions.
G．What’s more, this exercise can help give the brain the space to make new connections.
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）Has anyone ever told you, “Stand up straight!” or scolded you for sitting lazily at a family dinner Comments like that might be annoying, but they’re not wrong.
____31____ It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it. These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position. ____32____
If your posture isn’t good enough, your muscles have to work harder to keep you upright and balanced. Some muscles will become tight and inflexible. ____33____ It increases the likelihood of accidents, and makes some organs, like your lungs, less efficient.
So what does good posture look like If you’re sitting, your neck should be vertical, not tilted forward. Your shoulders should be relaxed with your arms close to your trunk. Your knees should be at a right angle with your feet flat on the floor. But what if your posture can’t be that great ____34____ For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.
It’s also not enough to just have good posture. Keeping your muscles and joints moving is extremely important. In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture. ____35____ And be sure to exercise. Using your muscles will keep them strong enough to support you effectively, on top of all the other benefits to your joints, bones, brain and heart.
A．Try redesigning your environment.
B．You adjust your body unless you feel tired.
C．So if you sit a lot, get up and move around on occasion.
D．And the big one that we all experience every day is gravity.
E．Besides, poor posture leads to extra wear and tear on your joints.
F．Posture can even influence your emotional state and your sensitivity to pain.
G．Your posture refers to the way you hold your body when you’re sitting or standing.
（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）Why Boundaries at Work Are Essential
What is a boundary, you ask A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something. ____36____ If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.
Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的). ____37____
Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someone’s behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work.
Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one. ____38____ One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout (倦怠) over time.
Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics (道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this. ____39____ Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within.
____40____ Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills — valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace.
A．Why are boundaries important
B．However, they are equally, if not more, important.
C．Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them.
D．Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful.
E．Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.
F．Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal conflict.
G．Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.
参考答案
1．B 2．E 3．C 4．A 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出“技术乐观主义”试图用技术解决当前的气候问题，作者用电动汽车的例子来证明这种想法似乎是没用的。改变我们的社会运作方式，以及人们的生活方式才是解决问题的关键所在。
1．根据上文“With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious.(随着气候变化的持续恶化，我们的情况开始变得越来越严重)”可知，气候问题持续恶化，人类的情况开始变得越来越严重。由此推知，人类可能会采取解决气候问题的办法。结合下文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems.(当谈到确保我们未来的解决方案时，技术乐观主义是最大的误解之一。它可以被定义为相信未来的技术将解决我们当前的所有问题)”可知，人们试图依靠技术来解决气候问题。B项“The modern world’s simple solution is technology.(现代世界的简单解决方案就是技术)”符合题意。故选B。
2．空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic.(当谈到确保我们未来的解决方案时，技术乐观主义是最大的误解之一。它可以被定义为相信未来的技术将解决我们当前的所有问题。这个定义强化了这样一种观点，即没有理由恐慌或改变我们当前的能源密集型生活方式。社会所需要做的就是期待绿色技术发挥其魔力)”可知，上文提到了“没有理由恐慌或改变我们当前的能源密集型生活方式”这种观点，由此推知，下文应对这种观点进行评价。E项“Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.(不幸的是，这是一个极其危险的观点)”符合题意。故选E。
3．根据上文“One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury.(电动汽车就是这种乐观误解的最好例子之一。尽管电动汽车被高度认为是一种环保的出行方式，但它并不是未来交通的终点。电动汽车中的电池使用的化学元素到本世纪中叶可能会出现短缺)”可知，上文提到了电动汽车的弊端。结合本段主要谈论“乐观误解”推知，空处应继续对电动汽车的弊端进行陈述。C项“Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.(此外，它们的生产更耗能)”符合题意。故选C。
4．空处位于段首，应为本段主旨句或引出本段内容。根据下文“Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars, Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.(投资公共交通，远离个人拥有的车辆。生产更少的汽车，改善旧电池的回收利用做法。我们寻求的解决方案不应该植根于新技术，而应该改变我们社会的运作方式)”可知，作者认为我们应该改变社会的运作方式，这才是解决气候问题的办法。A项“So where should we look for answers instead (那么，我们应该在哪里寻找答案呢？)”符合题意，引出本段内容，下文是对该问题的回答。故选A。
5．根据上文“Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints.(技术乐观主义过于强调技术，而对我们现在能做的事情却不够重视。不幸的是，人们似乎喜欢技术乐观主义所描绘的画面)”和下文“It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. (重要的是要理解，当我们将这些技术视为使我们当前的生活方式环保的一种方式时，问题就开始了)”可知，人们似乎更喜欢依靠技术解决问题，当我们把技术视为当前的环保生活方式时，问题就开始了。由此可知，要解决气候问题，不能只依靠技术，关键是要从很大程度上改变我们的生活方式。G项“Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.(然而，事实是，我们需要广泛改变我们的生活方式)”符合题意。故选G。
6．E 7．F 8．G 9．D 10．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。给读者提供建议，如何解决孩子因为害怕在他人面前呈现自己的无能而不愿提问寻求帮助这一问题。
6．上文“Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe. (成年人在寻求援助时常常感到尴尬。这是一种会让人们感到情绪不安全的行为。)”指出，成年人不愿意寻求帮助，是因为会让他们感到情绪不安全。下文“Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. (寻求帮助可能会让人觉得你在散播自己的无能。)”指出，寻求帮助会让人觉得你无能。选项E“The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost. (毕竟，当你问路的那一刻，你就表明你迷路了。)”延续上文，以问路表明自己的迷路这一例子呈现出为什么会让人感到情绪不安全，也呈现出下文所说的表明了“你”的无能，故符合语境。故选E项。
7．上文“But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom. (但我们的研究表明，早在七岁时，孩子们就开始将寻求帮助与在他人面前看起来无能联系起来。在某些时候，每个孩子都在教室里挣扎。)”指出，孩童也会讲寻求帮助和让他人觉得自己无能联系起来。选项F“But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. (但是，如果他们因为同学在看而不敢寻求帮助，学习就会受到影响。)”进一步指出，如果孩子因为害怕呈现出自己的无能而不寻求帮助，这会带来不良影响。故选F项。
8．上文“In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test. (在一项研究中，我们告诉孩子们，两个孩子在测试中都表现不佳。)”指出，在一个研究中，参与者得知了有两个孩子在测试中表现不佳这一情况。选项G“We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. (然后，我们问这些角色中哪一个更有可能在课堂前举手向老师寻求帮助。)”延续上文，继续指出这个研究的下一个动作为：判断这两个孩子谁更有可能寻求老实的帮助。故选G项。
9．下文“Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. (教师可以给孩子们更多的机会私下寻求帮助。)”指出，教师应该多私下提供机会帮助孩子们。选项D“Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. (此类声誉障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案。)”指出，这类问题的解决需要一些特定的方案，下文是对这一表述的具体建议之一，故此句符合该语境要求。故选D项。
10．上文“They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. (他们还应该帮助学生认识到在别人面前提问是一种正常的、积极的行为。)”指出，要教育学生认识到在他人面前提问是正常的行为。选项B“Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable. (寻求帮助甚至可以被认为是社会所需要的。)”指出寻求帮助是这会所需要的，这进一步佐证上文观点，让“在他人面前提问是正常积极的行为”这一观点根据可信度，符合语境。故选B项。
11. F 12. G 13. E 14. B 15. A
16．A 17．F 18．E 19．G 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着年龄的增长我们问问题的欲望不断减少的原因和和应对策略。
16．上文“Once upon a time, we were all question-asking experts.(曾几何时，我们都是提问专家。)”提到了曾经的我们都爱问问题，并列举了一系列曾经问过的问题。下文“Why does the child’s urge to ask questions grow inactive in so many adults (为什么在许多成年人身上，孩子问问题的冲动变得不活跃了 )”提到了现在情况发生了转折，A选项中inquiring与上文的问题呼应，dispear与下文的inactive呼应，所以A选项“然后，在某个时刻，我们的探究欲望消失了。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A项。
17．下文“And we recognize that society rewards the people who propose to have the answers.(我们认识到，社会会奖励那些提出答案的人。)”提到了那些提出答案的人，F选项中what we know与下文那些提出答案的人呼应，所以F选项“我们学会在就业市场上用我们知道的东西来推销自己，而不是我们不知道的东西。”能引起下文内容，符合语境。故选F项。
18．下文“We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their curiosity, too. In that encouragement, we help create an environment where those around us feel safe to ask questions.(我们可以更勇敢地在公共场合提问，也可以鼓励其他人追求自己的好奇心。在这种鼓励下，我们帮助创造一种环境，让我们周围的人可以放心地提出问题。)”提到了创造提问的环境，E选项中mosphere是关键词，与下文的environment相呼应，所以E选项“As such, one way to renew our inquiring spirit is to change the atmosphere(因此，要恢复我们的探究精神，一个方法就是改变氛围)”能概括下文内容。故选E项。
19．上文“We can also practice asking questions of and for ourselves by keeping a running list of questions in a journal.(我们也可以通过在日记中记录问题列表来练习问自己问题。)”提到了通过日记记录问题，G选项中a place是关键词语上文的journal呼应，所以G选项“这不仅消除了提问的公共性，还为我们提供了一个实验的场所。”能承接上文内容，符合语境。故选G项。
20．上文“In the world that does not look much as it did years ago, we must ask questions.(在这个与多年前大不相同的世界里，我们必须提出问题。)”提到了世界的变化，B选项中change是关键词与上文呼应，所以B选项“这是一种高回报的行为，尤其是在变革时期。”能呼应上文内容。故选B项。
21．F 22．D 23．C 24．G 25．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一个能帮助人们从创伤中愈合的方法——表达性写作。
21．上文“Expressive writing or journaling is one way to help you heal from trauma (创伤).(表达性写作或日志是帮助你从创伤中愈合的一种方法)”提到表达性写作，F项“这是发自内心的写作，是关于与某一事件相关的情感”进一步解释表达性写作，符合语境，故选F。
22．下文“In fact, narrating the story of an ongoing anxiety ‘frees up’ cognitive resources.(事实上，讲述一个持续焦虑的故事可以‘释放’认知资源)”是解释为什么写下消极的经历能带来积极的效果，故D项“把消极的经历写下来会有积极的效果，这似乎不正常”符合语境，下文是对D项中看似不正常的现象进行解释。故选D。
23．上文“This is because expressing emotions can bring up feelings of guilt and shame.(这是因为表达情绪会带来内疚和羞耻感)”是解释人们很难承认情绪有问题的原因，结合选项，C项“此外，为情绪压力寻求帮助通常被视为软弱的表现”和上文是并列关系，也是描述其原因，故选C。
24．上文“If you’re interested in trying out writing as a tool for healing, start your writing by setting a timer for ten minutes.(如果你想把写作作为疗伤的工具，那就设置一个十分钟的计时器开始写作吧)”建议开始写作，G项“让你的思绪回到细节、具体的时刻，去感受你的感受和你经历的真相”是描述方法，即如何开始写作，符合语境，G项中的“the detailed, specific moments to get to the feelings”与下文“Think of one object in your home that signifies a moment for you. See it in full color. Feel the weight of it.(想想你家里的一件对你来说意味着某个时刻的物品。带着满满的趣味去看它。感受它的重量)”呼应。故选G。
25．根据本段中“How you heal from trauma can be different from person to person as well.(如何从创伤中痊愈也因人而异)”及“Writing may not work for everyone(写作可能不适合所有人)”可知，本段主要讲述写作不是万能的，不是所有人都适合，B项“当然，表达性写作不是灵丹妙药”符合语境，故选B。
26．E 27．C 28．F 29．G 30．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章描述了在当今忙碌的世界，大脑需要高速运转的现象，但一直保持专注不仅让人疲惫，还不利于提高效率，最后文章提出了 “认知卸载”的方法来使自己放松。
26．根据上文“We seek out technology or brain-enhancing products to help us optimize(最优化) our productivity, but end up running on a never-ending hamster (仓鼠) wheel.(我们寻求技术或增强大脑的产品来帮助我们优化工作效率，但最终却在无休止的仓鼠转轮上奔跑)”可知，我们想提高工作效率却最终在不停转圈，故我们应是感觉很疲惫，E项“我们大多数人比以往任何时候都感到疲惫，这并不奇怪”符合语境。故选E。
27．根据下文“And to some extent, it can even cause impulsive(鲁莽的) decision-making.(在某种程度上，它甚至会导致鲁莽的决策)”可知，even表示递进关系，所以空处也是描述一直保持专注追求效率会导致的后果，C项“一直专注最终会导致自控力下降”符合语境。故选C。
28．上文“The modern world often demands we live in the focus network and the default mode network is often less celebrated.(现代世界经常要求我们生活在焦点网络中，而默认模式网络通常不那么受欢迎)”提到现代世界经常要求我们在大脑的“焦点网络”上花更多时间，结合下文“So in order to make more effective decisions and feel better in our daily lives, we have to spend less time in our brain’s ‘focus network.’(因此，为了做出更有效的决定，在日常生活中感觉更好，我们必须在大脑的‘焦点网络’上花更少的时间)”可知，空处与上文是转折关系，应是讲述在“默认网络”上花更多时间的好处，F项“但花更多时间在后者上，为我们的情绪提供了一种‘保险’”符合语境，故选F。
29．上文“Even just a few moments of creative flow — like offloading the feelings of anxiety by doodling (涂鸦) before a meeting — can have a strong impact on emotions.(即使只是几分钟的创意流动——比如在会议前涂鸦来缓解焦虑——也会对情绪产生强烈的影响)”提到认知卸载的好处，结合选项，G项“更重要的是，这项运动可以帮助大脑建立新的联系”进一步描述其好处。故选G。
30．空处位于末段，是总结上文，上文提到通过认知卸载来使自己放松，故B项“给自己几分钟时间来释放情绪”符合语境。故选B。
31．G 32．D 33．E 34．A 35．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了站姿和坐姿不正确的危害以及调整方式。
31．根据空后“It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it.（它是你身体所有动作的基础，并且能决定你的身体对压力的适应程度。）”可知，空后的it指代的是G项“你的姿势是你坐着或站着的时候你支撑身体的方式。”中的your posture，本空介绍了什么是你的姿势，空后说明姿势的功能，故选G项。
32．根据空前“These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position.（这些压力可以是负重或坐在一个不舒服的位置。）”可知，空前介绍了身体所承受压力有负重和坐在不舒服的位置，故D项“我们每天承受的最大压力就是重力”符合，本空进一步介绍我们每天要承受的压力还有重力，故选D项。
33．根据空前“Some muscles will become tight and inflexible.(一些肌肉会变得紧，变得僵硬。)”可知，E项“而且，不良的姿势会对你的关节造成额外的磨损。”是空前的顺义承接，空前提出了不良姿势会让身体肌肉变得紧，变得僵硬，本空的“Besides”，进一步说明不良姿势会造成关节的额外磨损，故选E项。
34．根据空前“But what if your posture can’t be that great (但是，如果你的姿势不可能那么好呢？)”和空后“For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.(例如，调整屏幕，使其处于或略低于眼镜水平。确保你的身体的所有部位，如肘部和手腕，都得到支撑。)”可知，空前提出问题，空后举例说明要调整屏幕，故A项“试着重新调整你的环境”符合，如果姿势不能那么好，那就选择调整环境你，故选A项。
35．根据空前“In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture.(事实上，以良好的姿势长时间静止可能比以不良姿势进行有规律的运动更糟糕。)”可知，空前提出了良好姿势的长时间静止比以不良姿势运动更糟糕，故C项“因此，如果你经常坐着，偶尔要站起来走动一下”符合，空前提出了长时间静止对身体并不好，故要偶尔站起来走动一下，故选C项。
36．E 37．B 38．G 39．F 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了为什么工作中的界限至关重要。
36．根据下文“If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.(如果你告诉别人这是你的办公室，你的桌子，或你的椅子，你已经试图设置物理边界)”可知，此处在讲述界限的类型。由此可知，E. Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.(界限可以是身体上的、精神上的、情感上的、有形的或无形的)能够衔接下文，符合此处语境。故选E。
37．根据上文“It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的).(物理边界通常更容易理解。情感或精神界限可能更加微妙)”可知，此处在对比物理边界和情感或精神界限。由此可知，B. However, they are equally, if not more, important.(然而，它们即使不是更重要，也同样重要)能够承接上文，其中they指代上文中的“物理边界和情感或精神界限”，符合此处语境。故选B。
38．根据下文“One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday.(其中一个例子就是反复被要求在工作日/周末或假期加班。另一个例子是，我们被要求看太多的客户或病人，以至于我们在一天结束时感到疲惫，到周五就筋疲力尽了)”可知，此处讲述的是我们会被要求做一些超出我们感觉能力范围的事情。由此可知，G. Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.(这种界限经常包括在很长一段时间内被要求做一些超出我们感觉能力范围的事情)能够衔接下文，符合此处语境。故选G。
39．根据上文“For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this.(例如，你看重一种尊重员工和客户、行为合乎道德的职场文化。六个月后，你意识到公司领导的行为一再与此不一致)”及常识可知，当个人价值观和道德标准与公司不一致时，可能会导致内部冲突。由此可知，F. Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal conflict.(你的价值观和道德标准与公司不一致，这可能会导致内部冲突)能够承接上文，符合此处语境。故选F。
40．根据下文“Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards.(边界有很多功能。它们有助于保护我们，明确我们的责任，保持我们的身体和情感能量，并实现我们的价值观和标准)”可知，本段主要介绍的是边界对我们很重要。由此可知，A. Why are boundaries important (为什么界限很重要？)能够统领本段，符合此处语境。故选A。2023北京高三一模英语汇编
阅读理解C篇
一、阅读理解
（2023·北京东城·统考一模）Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise.
In the study, 602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually. The pairs were then ranked by assessing their total number of ideas, as well as those concepts’ degree of novelty, and asked to submit their best idea. Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.
“We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. “Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation. ”
When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wander about the room and taking in the entire scene. Eyeing one’s whole environment and noticing the random objects were associated with increased idea generation. On platforms, the screen occupies our interactions. Our look wavers less. “Looking away might come across as rude, ” said Brucks,“so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction, the same way we wouldn’t walk to another room while talking to someone in person. ”
Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. Brucks found that one solution to improving virtual idea generation might be to simply turn off the camera, for her students felt “freer” and more creative when asked to do so. And this may be sound advice for the workplace.
Virtual teamwork can’t replace face-to-face teamwork. Idea selection proficiency (能力) is only valuable if you have strong options to select from, and face-to-face teams are the best means to generate winning options. Perhaps the workplace will find a compromise—a sweet spot in the middle that balances working from both home and office.
1．What does the underlined word “stiffen” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A．Shake. B．Revise. C．Challenge. D．Strengthen.
2．At first, lead researcher Melanie Brucks might think that ________.
A．videoconferencing can’t compare with in-person communication
B．participants should make eye contact in an online meeting
C．the feedback from companies seems questionable
D．creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts
3．What can we learn about Brucks’ class
A．Her students relieved anxiety by speaking up. B．Her students progressed in focusing attention.
C．Her students took advantage of virtual learning. D．Her students displayed talent for public speaking.
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Interacting Virtually Impacts Working Participation B．Maintaining Teamwork Improves Idea Generation
C．Grouping Randomly Increases Productivity D．Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）Imagine a simple blood test that could flag most kinds of cancers at the earliest, most curable stage. Liquid biopsies could, in theory, detect a tumor (肿瘤) well before it could be found by touch, symptoms or imaging. Blood tests could avoid the need for surgeons to cut tissue samples and make it possible to reveal cancer hiding in places needles and scalpels cannot safely reach. They could also determine what type of cancer is taking root to help doctors decide what treatment might work best to destroy it.
Liquid biopsies are not yet in hand, because it is hard to find definitive cancer signals in a tube of blood, but progress in recent years has been impressive. Last year the journal Science published the first big prospective study of a liquid biopsy for DNA and proteins from multiple types of cancers. Though far from perfect, the blood test called CancerSEEK found 26 tumors that had not been discovered with conventional screenings.
Liquid biopsies can rely on a variety of biomarkers in addition to tumor DNA and proteins, such as free-floating cancer cells themselves. But what makes the search difficult, Ana Robles, a cancer biologist of the National Cancer Institute, explains, is that “if you have an early-stage cancer or certain types of cancer, there might not be a lot of tumor DNA,” and tests might miss it. The ideal blood test will be both very specific and very sensitive so that even tiny tumors can be found. To tackle this challenge, CancerSEEK looks for cancer-specific mutations (突变) on 16 genes, and for eight proteins that are linked to cancer and for which there are highly sensitive tests.
Simple detection is not the only goal. An ideal liquid biopsy will also determine the likely location of the cancer so that it can be treated. “Mutations are often shared among different kinds of cancer, so if you find them in blood, you don’t know if that mutation is coming from a stomach cancer or lung cancer,” says Anirban Maitra, a cancer scientist at the Anderson Cancer Center. To solve that problem, some newer liquid biopsies look for changes in gene expression. Such changes, Maitra notes, are “more organ-specific”.
On the nearer horizon are liquid biopsies to help people already diagnosed with cancer. Last year the government approved the first two such tests, which scan for tumor DNA so doctors can select mutation-targeted drugs. Scientists are working on blood tests to detect the first signs of cancer recurrence (复发) in patients who have completed treatment. This work is moving fast, but does it save lives
That is the question companies such as Thrive and Grail must answer for their broadly ambitious screening tests. “These companies have to prove that they can detect early cancer and, more important, that the early detection can have an impact on cancer survival,” Maitra observes.
5．According to the passage, liquid biopsies are expected to
A．flag cancer and determine the treatment
B．detect cancer signals from a sample of blood
C．take images of tumors and prevent potential cancers
D．show types of cancer by measuring the amount of proteins
6．What can we learn from the passage
A．Signs of cancer recurrence are not detectable.
B．Different kinds of cancer have different gene mutations.
C．Biomarkers are much more reliable than tumor DNA and proteins.
D．Organ-specific cancers will be identified through changes in gene expression.
7．The author is mostly concerned about whether .
A．liquid biopsies can discover tumors conventional screenings can’t find
B．liquid biopsies can improve the application of mutation-targeted drugs
C．liquid biopsies can help save the lives of those with cancer
D．liquid biopsies can be developed for cancer prevention
（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）To a chef, the sounds of lip smacking, slurping and sallwing are the highest form of fltery (恭维). But to someone with a certain type of misophonia (恐音症), these same sounds can be torturous. Brain scans are now helping scientists start to understand why.
People with misophonia experience strong discomfort, annoyance or disgust when they hear particular triggers. These can include chewing, swallowing, slurping, throat clearing, coughing and even audible breathing. Researchers previously thought this reaction might be caused by the brain overactively processing certain sounds. Now, however, a new study published in Journal of Neuroscience has linked some forms of misophonia to heightened “mirroring” behavior in the brain: those affected feel distress while their brains act as if they were imitating the triggering mouth movements.
"This is the first breakthrough in misophonia research in 25 years, " says psychologist Jennifer J. Brout, who directs the International Misophonia Research Network and was not involved in the new study.
The research team, led by Newcastle University neuroscientist Sukhbinder Kumar, analyzed brain activity in people with and without misophonia when they were at rest and while they listened to sounds. These included misophonia triggers (such as chewing), generally unpleasant sounds (like a crying baby), and neutral sounds. The brain's auditory (听觉的) cortex, which processes sound, reacted similarly in subjects with and without misophonia. But in both the resting state and listening trials, people with misophonia showed stronger connections between the auditory cortex and brain regions that control movements of the face, mouth and throat, while the controlled group didn't. Kumar found this connection became most active in participants with misophonia when they heard triggers specific to the condition.
“Just by listening to the sound, they activate the motor cortex more strongly. So in a way it was as if they were doing the action themselves,” Kumar says. Some mirroring is typical in most humans when witnessing others' actions; the researchers do not yet know why an excessive (过分的) mirroring response might cause such a negative reaction, and hope to address that in future research. “Possibilities include a sense of loss of control, invasion of personal space, or interference with current goals and actions, " the study authors write.
Fatima Husain, an llinois University professor of speech and hearing science, who was not involved in the study, says potential misophonia therapies could build on the new findings by counseling patients about handling unconscious motor responses to triggering sounds- not just coping with the sounds themselves. If this works, she adds, one should expect to see reduced connected activity between the auditory and motor cortices.
8. It can be learnt from the new study that .
A. misophonia sufferers can't help imitating the triggers
B. people with misophonia are more likely to flatter chefs
C. the brains of people with misophonia overreact to sounds strongly
D. misophonia sufferers tend to have similar annoying activities in their brains
9. Compared with people without misophonia, people with misophonia .
A. suffer less severely at the resting state
B. own markedly different brain structures
C. react more negatively at a mirroring response
D. lose control of their facial movements easily
10. What might be the significance of the study
A. Improving speech and hearing science.
B. Developing a treatment for misophonia.
C. Drawing people's attention to misophonia.
D. Promoting human brain structure research.
（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）Clown fish live their adult lives in the protective arms of sea anemones, the small brightly colored sea animals attached onto rocks to house clown fish. Between birth and adulthood, however, the fish have to complete a treacherous journey. After hatching, they swim out to the open sea to finish developing. After maturing, the young fish swim back, during which they have to avoid a “wall of mouths” by sensing the unfriendly smells. With ocean acidification, a trend that is occurring worldwide, scientists began to wonder what might happen to fish’s sense of smell.
My team put 300 recently hatched clown fish in our lab. When we introduced a friendly fish odor (气味), they did not react. But when we introduced an enemy odor, they swam away. We then repeated the experiment with 300 new hatchlings from the same parents in the more acidic water-a level we can expect by the year 2100 if current trends continue. When we introduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same time, the fish seemed unable to make up their minds, spending equal time swimming toward one smell and the other. They could sense chemical signals but couldn’t recognize the meaning of them.
It is always tricky to say that behaviors seen in a lab would also be seen in the wild. So we went to a sandy lake near one of the Great Barrier Reef’s northern islands to test how wild-caught damselfish would react to enemy smells after exposing them to acidic water. In a tank, about half of them held in water with acidity expected by 2050 were attracted to the unfriendly odor and half were not, yet not one held in water anticipated by 2100 avoided being attracted to the enemy odor. We then let the marked damselfish loose in the lake. The fish once held in the most acidic water swam farther away from their protective home. Can fish adapt Most studies have habituated fish to lifted acidic conditions over a few days or months-an extremely short length of time. The animals are not given a realistic opportunity to adapt. Yet some scientists thought that fish might escape the anger of ocean acidification, in part because early research done in the 1980s showed that certain animals had an astonishing ability to regulate their internal chemistry to survive acidified water. But maintaining normal functions such as avoiding danger is a different challenge.
At a minimum, confusion could place yet another stressor on fish already challenged by rising water temperatures, overfishing, etc. Further, if many ocean creatures start to behave strangely, entire food webs and ecosystems could come crashing down. Although the science is still new, the results appear to be lining up: ocean acidification is messing with fish’s minds.
11．What does the underlined word “treacherous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Risky. B．Hurried.
C．Mysterious. D．Helpless.
12．What can we learn about the fish in the acidic water
A．They lost their senses to chemical signals.
B．They were less likely to respond to threats.
C．Their behavior in the lab disappeared in the wild.
D．They tended to seek the protection from their home.
13．What can be inferred from the passage
A．The author’s study confirms previous findings.
B．Fish’s adaptation to acidic water is a matter of time.
C．Different fishes behave differently to acidity change.
D．The chances of restoring fish’s minds are yet to be seen.
14．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．What Do Different Stressors Do to Ocean Creatures
B．What Does Ocean Acidity Mean to Ocean Creatures
C．How Does Ocean Acidification Destroy the Ecosystem
D．How Do Ocean Creatures Adapt to Ocean Acidification
（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）Many people would answer the question of what makes us human by insisting that we are cultural beings. There is no doubt that we are. But one definition of culture is the totality of traditions acquired in a community by social learning from other individuals, and many animal species have traditions. Can we then say that some animals are cultural beings too
One approach to study culture in animals is the so-called Method of Exclusion (排除), in which scientists investigate behavioral variations across populations of one species. In a famous study, scientists learned that chimpanzee (黑猩猩) behaviors were socially passed on as they were present at some sites but not at others, despite having same ecological settings. For example, chimpanzees in Tai National Park in Ivory Coast are well-known for their nut-cracking skills. Chimpanzees in Gombe national part in Tanzania, on the other hand, do not crack nuts, although nuts exist in their environment too.
However, when applying the Method of Exclusion, one has to be very careful. There are other factors that could also explain the pattern of behavioral evaluation. For example, some of the chimpanzee techniques scientists evaluated occur in only one of the three subspecies. So it’s quite possible that these behaviors also have an innate component. This would mean that one chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique not out of cultural tradition, but because the behavior is fixed to specific genes. Another factor that has to be excluded is of course the environment Chimpanzees in Mahale do not fish algae (水藻), simply because algae does not exist there.
But when we exclude all the variations that can be explained by genes or environment, we still find that animals do show cultural variations. Does that mean there is no real difference between them and us after all Not exactly: There is a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally on what generations before us have learned. This is called “cumulative culture”. We don’t have to keep reinventing the wheel. This is called the “ratchet (棘轮) effect”. Like a ratchet that can be turned forward but not back, people’s cultural techniques evolve.
It is likely that behaviors we see today in chimpanzee cultures could be invented over and over again by individual animals themselves. In contrast, a child born today would not be able to invent a computer without the knowledge of many past generations.
15．Why does the author mention the example of the chimpanzees in two parks in Paragraph 2
A．To prove that culture does exist in animals.
B．To justify the uniqueness of the research method.
C．To compare how chimpanzees behave in different parks.
D．To stress the importance of environment in studying culture.
16．What does the underlined word “innate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Advanced. B．Inborn. C．Adaptive. D．Intelligent.
17．What can we learn from the passage
A．Cumulative culture is what sets humans apart from animals.
B．Culure in animals is as worthy to be valued as human culture.
C．Animals don’t have the ability to invent behaviors in a community.
D．The “ratchet effect” decides if humans can build on past experiences.
（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）Recently, a new discovery has been made in the field of biology that challenges our previous understanding of the origins of life on Earth. For decades, scientists believed that life emerged in a warm, shallow pond, where a series of chemical reactions led to the creation of the first living cells. However, a team of researchers has now uncovered evidence that suggests life may have actually begun in a quite different environment.
The discovery was made in a remote part of the ocean, where a team of scientists was exploring a hydrothermal vent (深海热泉) system located deep beneath the surface. Hydrothermal vents release superheated water and gases from the Earth’s mantle (地幔). They create an extreme environment that is unfavourable to most forms of life, but home to a variety of unique organisms.
As the scientists collected samples of the vent’s mineral-rich liquid, they noticed something strange. They discovered that it contained a complex network of organic molecules (分子), including amino acids (氨基酸) and other building blocks of life. This was surprising, as hydrothermal vents were previously thought to be empty of life-supporting chemicals. However, the most striking discovery was yet to come. Analysis of the organic molecules revealed that they were not simply the product of chemical reactions in the vent, but rather had been produced by living organisms. This served as evidence of a lively ecosystem that was completely independent of sunlight and the surface world.
This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of the origins of life on Earth. The warm pond hypothesis (假说), which has long been the dominant theory, suggests that life emerged in a relatively warm and damp environment. However, the new evidence from the hydrothermal vent system suggests that life may have actually begun in an extreme environment, where survival was only possible through the development of original biochemical pathways. The discovery also raises new questions about the potential for life to exist on other celestial bodies (天体). Hydrothermal vents have been identified on Saturn’s moon Enceladus and Jupiter’s moon Europa. The presence of organic molecules at these sites suggests that unique forms of life may exist.
While this discovery is still in its early stages, it is already beginning to reshape our understanding of the origins of life and the potential for life on other planets. It is a testament to the power of scientific exploration and the incredible complexity of life on Earth. As we continue to explore the depths of the ocean and the vast expanse of space, who knows what other surprises and discoveries lie in store.
18．What did the scientists newly discover in the vent’s liquid
A．Superheated gases. B．A variety of minerals.
C．Life-supporting chemicals. D．Complex forms of life.
19．What can we learn from the passage
A．The warm pond hypothesis proves to be right.
B．Organic molecules lead to chemical reactions.
C．Forms of life were identified in the vents on other planets.
D．Original biochemical pathways can occur in severe conditions.
20．What is conveyed in the last paragraph
A．Researches help us push the boundaries of technology.
B．Scientists have addressed the limitations of the research.
C．New discoveries inspire us to further explore the unknown.
D．Researchers have confirmed the origins and complexity of life.
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）Vast underwater meadows (草甸) of gently waving sea grass cover hundreds of miles up and down the West Coast. These blue-green fields perform a variety of important services. They protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all kinds of marine animals.
New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters. The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water, counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.
“I think we are all very excited about it,” said lead study author Aurora Ricart, a scientist at the Bigelow Laboratory for Marine Sciences.
Ocean acidification is a side effect of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Some of this CO2 dissolves out of the air and into the sea, causing a chemical reaction that lowers the water’s pH. Scientists sometimes refer to it as global warming’s “evil twin”—an invisible companion to climate change.
Ocean acidification can have harmful effects on marine organisms like shellfish and coral by preventing them from properly forming the hard shells they need to survive. It’s a threat both to natural ecosystems and to shellfish fisheries around the world. The study presents a natural way to address the problem.
Researchers analyzed six years of data from sea grass meadows spanning more than 600 miles off the California coastline. It focused on the common eelgrass, one of the most widespread sea grass species on the West Coast. The authors claim it’s the largest, most comprehensive study of its kind.
According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity. The effect isn’t constant. It comes in waves and is influenced by temperature, daylight, ocean currents and other factors that affect water chemistry and sea grass photosynthesis rates. But the tempering influence on acidification can be lasting, sometimes persisting for up to three weeks at a time. The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.
The study didn’t investigate the effects of higher pH on marine organisms — that’s a question for future research. But there’s reason to believe these meadows may have a positive influence on shellfish and other ocean animals.
21．What can we learn from this passage
A．Sea grass forests can lower pH levels of coastal waters.
B．Shellfish and corals are not affected by ocean acidification.
C．Sea grass meadows can help remove pollutants from the sea water.
D．The effects of higher pH on marine organisms were investigated in this study.
22．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Relieve. B．Present. C．Cause. D．Predict.
23．Paragraph 7 tells us the research ________.
A．findings B．process C．questions D．reflection
24．Why does the author write this passage
A．To illustrate the serious situation of climate change.
B．To present the living conditions of the underwater meadows.
C．To emphasize the importance of research on marine pollution.
D．To introduce a natural way to solve the problem of ocean acidification.
（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）
Making use of the wind, the water or, for more than half of all plant species, animals, plants disperse (散播) seeds far and wide. Frugivores — animals such as gibbons that feed on the fleshy fruits of plants — eat and then excrete (排泄) seeds away from the original tree. The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.
Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.
Evan Fricke, lead author of the study, explains that in order to reach these results, they pulled together existing data from all previous studies and used machine learning to develop models that could estimate the seed dispersal potential of any animal, even ones that are now extinct.
The researchers found that, historically, the decline of seed-dispersing animals has had the greatest influence on plants across the temperate (温带的) regions of North and South America, Europe and southern Australia. “Our temperate ecosystems have lost a lot of the natural seed-dispersal function that they would have had.” explains Fricke, referring to large mammals that were once widespread in these regions.
Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent. “The direct implication of this decline is that many plant species will be unable to keep pace with a changing climate,” says Fricke. “That means the potential loss not only of plant biodiversity but of the ecosystem functions that those plants provide.”
As wildlife is lost, plants can no longer adapt and survive and forests become less sustainable, which reduces the amount of carbon they can store. They also lose their ability to support wildlife. Whole ecosystems are disrupted. The conclusion, Fricke says, is clear: we must conserve currently endangered species and restore the populations of important seed dispersers. “Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.
25．The author mentions the African savanna elephant in Paragraph 1 is to ________.
A．highlight the problem B．predict the ending
C．express an opinion D．provide a solution
26．What does Fricke conclude from the study
A．plants disperse seeds by way of animals excreting them.
B．rewilding can promote the climate resilience of our ecosystems.
C．seed-dispersing animals could hardly affect the natural ecosystems.
D．the loss of seed-dispersing animals has little influence on temperate regions.
27．Which would be the best title of the passage
A．The Resilience of Ecosystems
B．The Conservation of Seed-dispersing Animals
C．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Essential — And Under Threat
D．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Endangered — And Well Protected
参考答案
1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。一个新的研究发现：与面对面交流相比，虚拟会议不利于创新想法的产生，文章分析了原因，并给出了建议。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office. (在这些小组中，虚拟配对提出的想法要少得多，这表明面对面交流能产生更多创造性的想法。这些发现可能会stiffen雇主敦促或要求员工回到办公室的决心。)”可知，面对面的交流有利于创造性想法的产生，虚拟会议不如面对面交流，所以对于雇主来讲，要求员工回到办公室才会有更多的创造性想法，stiffen意为“加强”，此处为“加强了雇主的决心”，划线词与Strengthen意思相近，故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,’ said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. ‘Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation.’ (首席研究员梅勒妮·布鲁克斯说：‘我们进行这项实验的依据是，一些公司反馈说，让远程员工更难创新。与电话或电子邮件等其他形式的虚拟交流不同，视频会议很好地复制了面对面的体验，所以当我们发现面对面互动和视频互动在产生想法方面的显著差异时，我很惊讶。’)”可知，因为有公司反映：远程员工难创新，所以首席研究员梅兰妮·布鲁克斯组织了实验，来验证公司所反映的情况，在发现面对面交流与视频互动交流所带来的创新想法的差异与公司反映的一样时，他很是惊讶，说明他原来认为公司的反馈值得怀疑，故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. (像大多数教育工作者一样，布鲁克斯在过去三年主要是虚拟教学，她也注意到这种方法的一些好处。她的学生更有可能轮流发言，她那些比较害羞的学生也更经常发言，消除了在大教室讲话时的焦虑。)”可知，布鲁克斯的虚拟课堂上，学生可能轮流发言，连害羞的学生也能经常发言，故可推知，他的学生能充分利用虚拟学习。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise. (这些年来，许多人参加了许多虚拟会议。一些研究表明，这种调整可能不会在很大程度上影响工作场所的生产力。然而，一项新的研究表明情况并非如此。)”，以及第二段“Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office. (在这些小组中，虚拟配对提出的想法要少得多，这表明面对面交流能产生更多创造性的想法。这些发现可能会坚定雇主敦促或要求员工回到办公室的决心。)”可知，虚拟会议对工作场所的生产力有不利影响，“Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity (网上头脑风暴限制创造力)”作标题比较贴切。故选D项。
5．B 6．D 7．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了液体活检检测肿瘤的研究以及目前存在的一些不足之处。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Liquid biopsies could, in theory, detect a tumor (肿瘤) well before it could be found by touch, symptoms or imaging. (理论上，液体活检可以在通过触摸、症状或成像能发现之前检测出肿瘤)”可知，液体活检，如血样能够检测出肿瘤。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段后二句“To solve that problem, some newer liquid biopsies look for changes in gene expression. Such changes, Maitra notes, are “more organ-specific”. (为了解决这个问题，一些新的液体活检寻找基因表达的变化。Maitra指出，这种变化“更具器官特异性”)”可推测出，器官特异性的肿瘤将能通过基因表达上的变化被识别出。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““These companies have to prove that they can detect early cancer and, more important, that the early detection can have an impact on cancer survival,” Maitra observes. (“这些公司必须证明他们能够检测到早期癌症，更重要的是，早期检测可以对癌症生存率产生影响。”Maitra说道。)”推知，作者关心的是液体活检是否有助于挽救癌症患者的生命。故选C项。
8. D 9. C 10. B
11．A 12．B 13．D 14．B
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章通过科研团队对小丑鱼和小热带鱼的实验和研究，说明了海洋酸化正在搅乱海洋生物的思维，对它们产生了较大的影响。
11．词义猜测题。根据第一段“After hatching, they swim out to the open sea to finish developing. After maturing, the young fish swim back, during which they have to avoid a “wall of mouths” by sensing the unfriendly smells. ”（孵化后，它们游到大海中完成发育。成年后，幼鱼会游回来，在此期间，它们必须通过感知不友好的气味来避开“口墙”。）可知，小丑鱼出生后要独自去大海中生活，成年后才能回来，这期间随时都有被其他生物吃掉的可能，有着较大的风险，可谓是一场有风险的旅程。故划线词“treacherous”表示“有风险的”。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“When we introduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same time, the fish seemed unable to make up their minds, spending equal time swimming toward one smell and the other. They could sense chemical signals but couldn’t recognize the meaning of them.”（当我们同时引入友好和不友好的气味时，鱼似乎无法下定决心，花同样的时间游向一种气味和另一种气味。他们可以感知化学信号，但不能识别它们的意义。）可知，鱼在酸性水中，不太能识别不友好的具有威胁性的气味。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“But maintaining normal functions such as avoiding danger is a different challenge.”（但维持正常功能，如避免危险则是另一种挑战。）和最后一段“Although the science is still new, the results appear to be lining up: ocean acidification is messing with fish’s minds.”（虽然这门科学还是新兴的，但结果似乎是一致的：海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼类的思维。）可知，海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼的思维，使鱼很难避免危险，所以恢复鱼的思维的可能性还有待观察。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With ocean acidification, a trend that is occurring worldwide, scientists began to wonder what might happen to fish’s sense of smell.”（随着全球范围内海洋酸化的趋势，科学家们开始想知道鱼类的嗅觉会发生什么。）和最后一段“Although the science is still new, the results appear to be lining up: ocean acidification is messing with fish’s minds.”（虽然这门科学还是新兴的，但结果似乎是一致的：海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼类的思维。）及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了海洋酸化对海洋生物产生的影响。故选B。
15．A 16．B 17．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章主要围绕“动物是否也像人类一样是有文化的生物”而展开论述。
15．推理判断题。第二段中“In a famous study, scientists learned that chimpanzee (黑猩猩) behaviors were socially passed on as they were present at some sites but not at others, despite having same ecological settings.(在一项著名的研究中，科学家们发现，黑猩猩的行为在某些地方会被社会传递，而在其他地方则不会，尽管它们的生态环境相同)”提到，黑猩猩的行为在某些地方会被社会传递，接着下文“For example, chimpanzees in Tai National Park in Ivory Coast are well-known for their nut-cracking skills. Chimpanzees in Gombe national part in Tanzania, on the other hand, do not crack nuts, although nuts exist in their environment too.(例如，象牙海岸泰国家公园的黑猩猩以其破解坚果的技能而闻名。另一方面，坦桑尼亚贡贝国家地区的黑猩猩不咬坚果，尽管坚果在他们的环境中也存在)”通过举例证实上述观点，即动物中也存在文化，故选A。
16．词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This would mean that one chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique not out of cultural tradition, but because the behavior is fixed to specific genes.(这意味着一个黑猩猩亚种使用一种新技术不是出于文化传统，而是因为这种行为固定于特定的基因)”可知，黑猩猩的行为可能是由于其特定的基因，即是因为先天因素，故画线词所在句意为“所以很有可能这些行为也有先天因素”，innate意为“先天的”，故选B。
17．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“There is a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally on what generations before us have learned. This is called ‘cumulative culture’.(人类文化和动物文化之间有根本的区别。只有人类才能在前人的基础上建立文化。这就是所谓的‘累积文化’)”可知，累积文化将人类与动物区分开来。故选A。
18．C 19．D 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述生物学领域的一项新发现挑战了我们以前对地球上生命起源的认识，它表明生命实际上可能是在极端环境中开始的。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They discovered that it contained a complex network of organic molecules (分子), including amino acids (氨基酸) and other building blocks of life.(他们发现它含有一个复杂的有机分子网络，包括氨基酸和其他生命的组成部分)”可知，科学家在热泉的液体中发现了能够维持生命的物质。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, the new evidence from the hydrothermal vent system suggests that life may have actually begun in an extreme environment, where survival was only possible through the development of original biochemical pathways.(然而，来自深海热泉系统的新证据表明，生命实际上可能是在极端环境中开始的，在那里，生存只能通过原始生化途径的发展变得可能)”可知，新的发现表明，原始的生化途径可以在恶劣的条件下发生，故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It is a testament to the power of scientific exploration and the incredible complexity of life on Earth. As we continue to explore the depths of the ocean and the vast expanse of space, who knows what other surprises and discoveries lie in store.(它证明了科学探索的力量和地球上生命的不可思议的复杂性。随着我们继续探索海洋深处和广阔的太空，谁知道还有什么惊喜和发现在等待着我们)”可知，这些新发现激励我们进一步探索未知。故选C。
21．C 22．A 23．A 24．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，海草草甸还可以缓解由温室气体排放导致的海水持续酸化。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“They protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all kinds of marine animals.(它们保护海岸线免受侵蚀，清除水中的污染物，为各种海洋动物提供栖息地)”可知，海草草甸可以帮助去除海水中的污染物。故选C。
22．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water, counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.(这项发表在《全球变化生物学》杂志上的研究发现，海草林可以提高沿海水域的pH值。当它们进行光合作用时，它们会从水中去除二氧化碳，抵消气体的酸化作用)”可知，海草能去除水中的二氧化碳，从而抵消气体的酸化作用，由此可推知，画线词所在句意为“新的研究表明，海草草地还可以缓解温室气体排放的严重后果：海水的持续酸化”，mitigate意为“缓解”。故选A。
23．段落大意题。根据第七段内容，结合本段首句“According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity.(根据这项研究，海草生态系统可以将pH值提高0.1个单位以上，相当于酸度降低30%左右)”以及末句“The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.(研究还表明，与附近没有海草的地区相比，海草生态系统的pH值在65%的时间里更高)”可知，本段主要告诉我们这项研究的结果。故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters.(新的研究表明，海草草地还可以缓解温室气体排放的严重后果：海水的持续酸化)”及第五段最后一句“The study presents a natural way to address the problem.(这项研究提出了一种解决这一问题的自然方法)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，海草草甸可以缓解由温室气体排放导致的海水持续酸化，故本文目的是介绍一种解决海洋酸化问题的自然方法。故选D。
25．A 26．B 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究讲述了传播种子的动物是必不可少的，对生态系统有益，但是这些动物目前处于危险中。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段的“The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.(非洲热带草原大象可以携带种子长到65公里。这种改变地理范围的能力对植物对气候变化的生存至关重要。然而，就像所有的长臂猿物种一样，非洲热带稀树草原象也濒临灭绝，它的数量在过去的50年里减少了60%)”和第二段内容“Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.(丹麦和美国的研究人员发表了一项新的研究，研究了种子传播动物的丢失如何影响森林和其他自然生态系统的恢复力。根据他们的研究，这种损失已经使植物适应气候变化的能力下降了60%，在一些地区降低了95%)”可知，非洲热带稀树草原象可以长距离携带植物种子，改变地理范围，但是目前濒临灭绝，第二段讲述了研究表明种子传播动物的丢失影响森林和其他自然生态系统的恢复力，使得植物适应气候变化的能力下降。由此推知，提到非洲热带草原象是为了强调问题。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据最后一段的““Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.(“不受气候变化的影响，野生化有可能有利于我们的生态系统，但在气候变化中，它的好处是提高这些生态系统的气候恢复力，”他说)”可知，Fricke从研究中得出野生化可以促进我们的生态系统的气候恢复力。故选B。
27．主旨大意题。第二段内容“Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.(丹麦和美国的研究人员发表了一项新的研究，研究了种子传播动物的丢失如何影响森林和其他自然生态系统的恢复力。根据他们的研究，这种损失已经使植物适应气候变化的能力下降了60%，在一些地区降低了95%)”和第四段的“Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent.(然而，如今许多散布种子的热带动物的保护状况不佳，使东南亚和马达加斯加等地区的植物处于危险中。如果不保护这类动物，全球的种子传播可能会进一步下降15%)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述传播种子的动物是必不可少的，对生态系统有益，但是这些动物目前处于危险中。由此可知，C项“传播种子的动物是必不可少的——受到威胁”为最佳标题。故选C。2023北京高三一模英语汇编
完形填空
一、完形填空
（2023·北京东城·统考一模）Bernard, the 82-year-old retired police officer, was heartbroken when he ____1____ his precious medal. His house was broken into last December. The thief took away some jewelry, some cash and his treasured medal given for his 32 years of ____2____ with Liverpool Police Station. He believed the medal was gone forever.
Three months later, David, a young volunteer pulled the medal from a river in a “one-in-a-million” catch. The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. He had been using a large magnet (磁铁) to ____3____ metal rubbish out of the river for 30 minutes when he found a small blue metal box.
“I would have never found the medal if we hadn’t ____4____ all the rubbish in the river first,” said David. “At first, we found old bits of shopping carts and other metal items but about half an hour later, I pulled out the ____5____ , and it’s got ‘Police Long Service Medal’ written on it, It really was like finding a needle in a haystack (干草堆).”
____6____ , the medal was carved with Bernard’s name and the medal number, which David used to ____7____ the senior’s phone number online. The retired police officer was ____8____ when he received a call saying the medal had been found in a river, still in its metal box. And when he was told it would be ____9____ to him by the young man who found it, his face lit up. David then planned a visit to meet Bernard and returned the medal to him.
“This was truly the best _____10_____ for cleaning up that rubbish... It’s amazing,” David said.
1．A．damaged B．lost C．sold D．dirtied
2．A．business B．communication C．cooperation D．service
3．A．net B．site C．cup D．fish
4．A．tackled B．deserted C．recycled D．buried
5．A．magnet B．rubbish C．box D．jewelry
6．A．Apparently B．Thankfully C．Gradually D．Consequently
7．A．track B．recall C．record D．dial
8．A．nervous B．astonished C．proud D．embarrassed
9．A．awarded B．submitted C．presented D．addressed
10．A．drive B．proof C．wish D．reward
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）
As a child growing up in the 1980s, Marlene Irvin took many trips to Joyland, an amusement park in her hometown of Wichita, Kansas. She got excited the moment her family drove into Joyland’s parking lot. “The carousel circling at the entrance to the park was always the____11____for me,” Marlene said. “I could watch the horses for hours.”
Joyland certainly made a/an____12____ impression on Marlene, as she got her “first real job” years later at Wichita’s Chance Manufacturing, the largest maker of amusement park rides in the world at the time. Marlene started in the fiberglass workshop, where the carousel horses’ frames, along with parts for Ferris wheels, roller coasters, and other rides, were pieced together. She____13____found her way to Chance’s art and decoration department, becoming one of the lead horse artists. Then, after working at Chance for nearly fifteen years, Marlene decided to start her own business,
focusing on carousel restoration.
Around the same time, Joyland started experiencing a____14____ in attendance. At last, to the heartbreak of Wichitans young and old, Joyland____15____ after more than fifty years of operation. Local preservation organizations purchased some of the park’s historical items, and Joyland’s thirty-six carousel horses were donated to Botanica, a Wichita-owned botanical garden. Botanica asked Marlene to____16____ the old, broken horses, and she accepted the challenge.
As Marlene finished each horse, Botanica____17____ them for the public to see. Although they looked____18____compared to their glory (辉煌) days at Joyland, thanks to Marlene’s artistic efforts, the horses impressed observers even more than they had before. When native Wichitans saw them, their most____19____question was: “Will we be able to ride them ” Even as_____20_____, they remembered riding the horses at Joyland when they were kids.
Marlene always smiled and answered: “They’ve been waiting for you to come back.”
11．A．memory B．dream C．highlight D．comfort
12．A．immediate B．lasting C．accurate D．general
13．A．suddenly B．definitely C．hesitantly D．eventually
14．A．decline B．break C．boost D．return
15．A．went down B．fell down C．got down D．shut down
16．A．replace B．rearrange C．restore D．reuse
17．A．displayed B．moved C．protected D．advertised
18．A．modern B．different C．attractive D．unique
19．A．basic B．unexpected C．common D．remarkable
20．A．repairmen B．customers C．residents D．adults
（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）Before Jenny passed away from cancer, she made her husband, Steve, and their daughter，Brittany, promise her one thing: he would 21 Brittany, a high school senior, to the homecoming (返校节)game, where she was 22 for homecoming queen. It was important to her that her daughter should go. Brittany and Steve 23 .
Days later, on the morning of Friday，September 24, Jenny died. Keeping their 24 , that very afternoon, an emotional Brittany walked arm in arm with her father across the football field with the other nominees (被提名者) to await the 25 of the voting.
Brittany wasn't named homecoming queen that day; Nyla was. But, like many in the close-knit community, Nyla had heard about Jenny and her noble deeds for the community. In a(n)_ 26 gesture, moments after receiving the crown, Nyla walked over to Brittany, removed the crown from her head, and placed it atop her friend's. The two embraced, 27 holding each other tightly for support.
“She'd rather have her mom than a crown, ”Nyla said. By handing it to Brittany, "I was telling her that she was her mom's queen, and that she was loved by many, especially me. ”
“I felt so much love from her, and I just felt so much love for her, ”said Brittany, who paid Nyla the ultimate praise, "I can see my mom through Nyla. They have the same caring, 28 spirit. ”
“Nyla is no less queen for lack of a crown, ”said a teacher. There's a saying that real queens 29 each other's crowns. But the truth is，real queens give up their crowns to let other queens 30 .
21. A. invite B. introduce C. recommend D. accompany
22. A. running B. voting C. seeking D. applying
23. A. agreed B. negotiated C. hesitated D. declined
24. A. award B. promise C. appointment D. secret
25. A. session B. process C. outcome D. start
26. A. unplanned B. expectant C. unwilling D. typical
27. A. gratefully B. cheerfully C. sadly D. tearfully
28. A. volunteering B. nursing C. giving D. forgiving
29. A. wear B. make C. trade D. fix
30. A. stand B. shine C. lead D. celebrate
（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）I grasped a sandwich as I tried to finish my work during lunch. My company, like many companies, had____31____ costs by not replacing people as they left. The survivors had to take up the work. For me and my co-workers, this meant no lunch hour. I wanted to quit, but given the economy, it was hard to find another job. I felt ____32____. Then a conversation with a six-year-old girl changed my ____33____.
The young girl was standing in line with her mom at the supermarket.
“Good day at school ” I asked.
A nod.
“What’s your favorite subject ”
“Lunch.”
I smiled. That had been my____34____ too. At lunch, I could talk with my friends, draw pictures or play games. There were no adults to tell me what to do. The time was mine.
But what happened to lunch time now
I knew I was entitled to a lunch break at work. So I decided to ____35____ it. Our office was located in the downtown and I set out to____36____ the area. A few blocks away was an art museum with free admission. At the end of another street, I was surprised to discover some horses eating grass in a field.
At the beginning of my tours during lunch, I received some ____37____ stares from my co-workers, but I chose to ignore them. In fact, I watched in amazement that some of them started to____38____ their work during lunch. ____39____, we started inviting each other out for walks and discovered we had other topics of conversation beyond the common complaints about work.
I’m still looking for a new position, but with less anxiety than before. If we can’t change our ____40____, we can change our attitude.
31．A．counted B．cut C．paid D．raised
32．A．trapped B．fearful C．shocked D．hurt
33．A．work B．way C．view D．plan
34．A．decision B．explanation C．secret D．answer
35．A．take B．make C．find D．stop
36．A．explore B．measure C．develop D．identify
37．A．innocent B．determined C．sympathetic D．unpleasant
38．A．carry on B．take over C．put aside D．go through
39．A．Generally B．Gradually C．Accidentally D．Obviously
40．A．strategies B．circumstances C．responsibilities D．principles
（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）It had been an interesting soccer match. Jerry was so absorbed in it that everyone____41____his passion for sports. He also developed a____42____ attitude towards acquiring such a soccer uniform. Whatever he desires, he asks his parents to purchase it in a split of seconds.
“Mom, I want a soccer uniform, he begged his mother.
“OK,” said his mother, “but you need to have___43___.”
The days passed by, but he got no ___44___ from his parents. His dream seemed to collapse. However, Jerry never gave up his idea. He kept thinking how to achieve it as early as possible. A sparkling idea struck his mind. He could ___45___ one of his T-shirts, but what if his mother saw and scolded (责备) Though anxious, he finally made up his mind.
He drew a circle with the help of a bowl and modified the soccer image onto the T-shirt. He also took__46___ to avoid the spread of color onto the other side of it. It was a remarkable piece of work.
“Jerry! What are you doing ” his mother suddenly appeared.
“I may not get the uniform, but I can try to paint the image on my T-shirt, I thought.” He was ___47___to face his mother. But out of his expectation, his mother ____48____ him for his work ignoring the mistake. She did not mind the T-shirt in the presence of the idea of painting.
“It’s OK,” said Mom.
“If we had fulfilled your every want, your inborn____49____would have been hidden. You wouldn’t have thought of other alternative in getting the uniform. That adds to your_____50_____ to achieve your goal,” she said.
“Thank you, Mom.” He ran playfully.
41．A．controlled B．sensed C．supported D．expected
42．A．thirsty B．realistic C．cautious D．selfish
43．A．confidence B．motivation C．inspiration D．patience
44．A．decision B．response C．judgment D．recognition
45．A．purchase B．exchange C．paint D．sew
46．A．interest B．energy C．courage D．care
47．A．eager B．surprised C．afraid D．relieved
48．A．appreciated B．blamed C．rewarded D．thanked
49．A．taste B．fondness C．talent D．fear
50．A．willpower B．honesty C．responsibility D．tolerance
（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）I am never good at public speaking. Every time I was involved in a group project, I would always volunteer to be any role but the presenter. So, when my partner Emily offered to be the ____51____ of our project, I was overjoyed.
Unfortunately, on the presentation day, Emily fell ill badly. She had to stay home to rest. I was worried that she may ____52____ the presentation, so I called her. As I spoke to her on the phone, it became apparent that I had to step up and present our project. I was filled with ___53____. By the time I hung up the phone, I could hardly breathe.
I had no ____54____ but to make an alternative plan. I tried to ____55____ my nervousness and focus on the task at hand. Pulling out a piece of paper, I wrote whatever I could remember on it with great urgency.
With that piece of paper, I stood outside the classroom door, waiting for my turn. I tried to be calm, but as time passed by, ____56____ went through me and the waiting area seemed too small for me to ____57____. When my name was called, I broke out into a cold sweat.
In front of the judges, my hands failed in their attempts to remain ____58____. All the while, my voice and hands were shaking. I tried to take shallow breaths and I felt I would fall apart anytime. Somehow, I ____59____ to go through the entire presentation and deliver my speech as planned. ____60____ my fear was not as hard as it seemed, and my alternative plan proved to be a success.
51．A．recorder B．speaker C．designer D．organizer
52．A．change B．give C．analyze D．miss
53．A．relief B．excitement C．anxiety D．shame
54．A．resource B．worry C．chance D．choice
55．A．push aside B．let out C．hide behind D．hold onto
56．A．sadness B．fear C．anger D．guilt
57．A．rest B．cry C．breathe D．sigh
58．A．steady B．flexible C．gentle D．strong
59．A．pretended B．expected C．refused D．managed
60．A．Understanding B．Overcoming C．Admitting D．Expressing
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）I glanced to my left and right as I got ready at the starting line. The sight of other competitors who had confident and fierce-looking faces got me goose bumps and I was even more ___61___ than before.
“On your mark, get set... Go!” shouted the race official. I pushed myself forward with all my __62___ and started running as though a pride of man-eating lions were coming after me. As I ran, I could see the other competitors catching up with me. All of a sudden, I fell down on my knees. A hundred pairs of eyes bored into me, watching me ___63___ to get up. But no matter how hard I tried, I just could not do it.
“No, it cannot end like this. I have to ___64___ this race.” I thought to myself. However, the pain from my injury was so unbearable that I felt totally ___65___. I really wanted to give up.
Out of despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind competitor ___66___ her hand to me.
“Thank you...” I whispered __67___ as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up.
She lent me her shoulder for support, and I __68___ forward. The crowd cheered at this brilliant display of ___69___. Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.
Even though I never got the chance to learn her name, I will always remember her as the one who stepped forward to help me when I was in _____70_____.
61．A．tired B．confused C．nervous D．regretful
62．A．joy B．might C．trouble D．shame
63．A．attempt B．hesitate C．wait D．pretend
64．A．organize B．evaluate C．appreciate D．complete
65．A．defeated B．inspired C．shocked D．relaxed
66．A．waved B．extended C．showed D．pointed
67．A．proudly B．cautiously C．awkwardly D．gratefully
68．A．moved B．fell C．bent D．looked
69．A．partnership B．sportsmanship C．leadership D．friendship
70．A．anger B．doubt C．need D．silence
（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）Milo is a rescue dog adopted by 20-year-old Makayla Swift. One morning in November 2021, Swift opened her front door in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Milo ____71____ running.
Milo ran to the house across the street. He seemed unsatisfied with this house, so he ran to the one next door, Swift on his ____72____. Milo started scratching on the front door.
Swift was ____73____, because not everyone wants a strange dog on their property. But as she tried to ____74____ Milo away, she could hear a sound coming through an open upstairs window.
It was a voice yelling “Help!”
Hours earlier, around 4 a.m., Sherry Starr, 85, had risen from her bed. All of a sudden, standing there between the toilet and the tub, she slipped and fell heavily on the floor. She was ____75____ between the toilet and the tub and could not move at all. Starr was ____76____ and thought she was just going to die there.
For the next few hours, Starr practiced yelling: “Help! Help! Hellllp!”
Her voice was very ____77____ that no one could hear. Luckily, Milo ____78____ heard Starr the moment Swift opened her own front door.
Swift called the emergency number 911. When the ambulance workers arrived, they thought they’d have to remove the toilet to ____79____ Starr, but instead, they gave one last pull and out she popped. Though she was black and blue all over, Starr _____80_____ a trip to the hospital.
Swift has known her own share of distress. Two years ago, her mother died. She says that Milo has helped her with her grief. “That dog is a blessing,” she says.
71．A．moved down B．took off C．reached out D．pulled up
72．A．tail B．head C．body D．feet
73．A．disappointed B．confused C．embarrassed D．astonished
74．A．give B．sweep C．knock D．drag
75．A．sunk B．stuck C．lifted D．settled
76．A．surprised B．bored C．puzzled D．scared
77．A．weak B．sharp C．rough D．loud
78．A．apparently B．hardly C．slightly D．temporarily
79．A．trap B．drop C．free D．lay
80．A．avoided B．failed C．declined D．continued
参考答案
1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文为一记叙文。退休警察贝尔纳家遭小偷光顾，丢失的物件包括他珍贵的勋章，三个月后，利物浦参加垃圾清理计划的志愿者大卫在河道清理时，意外打捞到装有勋章的盒子，并按照上面的信息，找到了他，并交还给了他。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝尔纳是一名82岁的退休警察，他失去了珍贵的勋章，伤心欲绝。A. damaged损坏；B. lost丢失；C. sold出售；D. dirtied弄脏。根据第一段“The thief took away some jewelry, some cash and his treasured medal given for his 32 years of ____2____ with Liverpool Police Station. (小偷偷走了一些珠宝、现金和他因在利物浦警察局工作32年而获得的珍贵勋章。)”可知，小偷偷了贝尔纳的勋章，所以贝尔纳失去了（lost）勋章。故选B项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小偷偷走了一些珠宝、现金和他因在利物浦警察局任职32年而获得的珍贵勋章。A. business业务；B. communication沟通；C. cooperation合作；D. service服务。根据句中的his treasured medal given for his 32 years可知，这个勋章是因为他多年的工作而得到的，此处考查名词serve，意为“长期、受到敬重的工作，效劳，服务”，常用名词短语service with…，意为“在……任职，工作”，故选D项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用一块大磁铁从河里打捞金属垃圾30分钟后，他发现了一个蓝色的小金属盒子。A. net净赚；B. site使坐落在；C. cup做成杯状；D. fish搜寻，摸找。此处考查动词短语fish sth out of sth，意为“从……中取出，拿出，拖出……”，根据上一句“The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. (这名年轻人正在利物浦参加垃圾清理计划。)”，磁铁可以吸附一些金属，故这位年轻人用磁铁吸附河道里的金属垃圾，以清理河道。故选D项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们没有先处理河里的所有垃圾，我永远不会找到勋章。A. tackled处理；B. deserted遗弃；C. recycled回收；D. buried掩埋。根据上文“The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. He had been using a large magnet (磁铁) to ____3____ metal rubbish out of the river for 30 minutes when he found a small blue metal box. (这名年轻人正在利物浦参加垃圾清理计划。他用一块大磁铁从河里打捞金属垃圾30分钟后，他发现了一个蓝色的小金属盒子。)”可知，这个垃圾清理计划包括了清理河道里的金属垃圾，tackled符合语境。故选A项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，我们发现了购物车和其他金属物品的旧碎片，但大约半小时后，我拽出一个盒子，上面写着“警察长期服务勋章”，真的就像大海捞针一样。A. magnet磁铁；B. rubbish垃圾；C. box盒子；D. jewelry珠宝。根据下文“The retired police officer was ____8____ when he received a call saying the medal had been found in a river, still in its metal box. (当这位退休警官接到电话说勋章在河里被发现时，勋章还装在金属盒子里，他非常惊讶。)”可知，勋章存放在盒子（box）里。故选C项。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，奖章上刻着伯纳德的名字和奖章号码，大卫用它在网上追踪了这位前辈的电话号码。A. Apparently显然；B. Thankfully谢天谢地；C. Gradually逐渐；D. Consequently因此。能够通过勋章上的信息找到失主，是一件庆幸的事，Thankfully符合语境。故选B项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，奖章上刻着伯纳德的名字和奖章号码，大卫用它在网上追踪了这位前辈的电话号码。A. track追查；B. recall回想起；C. record记录；D. dial拨号。句中的the medal was carved with Bernard’s name and the medal number可知，勋章上的信息方便David追查（track）到失主的电话号码。故选A项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：(当这位退休警官接到电话说勋章在河里被发现时，勋章还装在金属盒子里，他非常惊讶。A. nervous紧张的；B. astonished惊讶；C. proud骄傲；D. embarrassed尴尬。根据第一段最后一句“He believed the medal was gone forever. (他以为奖章永远消失了。)”可知，原本伯纳德认为，勋章再也找不回来了，但现在有人打电话告知勋章的下落，他惊讶，在情理之中。故选B项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他被告知发现它的年轻人将把它交给他时，他的脸上露出了笑容。A. awarded授予；B. submitted屈服；C. presented提交，交给；D. addressed致辞。根据下文“David then planned a visit to meet Bernard and returned the medal to him. (随后，大卫计划去拜访伯纳德，并把奖章还给了他。)”可知，David不但找到了失主，还亲自把勋章交给了（presented）他。故选C项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这确实是清理垃圾的最好回报。A. drive驱动；B. proof证明；C. wish愿望；D. reward奖励，回报。根据下文“It’s amazing (这事令人惊奇)”，上文“I pulled out the ____5____ , and it’s got ‘Police Long Service Medal’ written on it, It really was like finding a needle in a haystack (干草堆). (我拽出一个盒子，上面写着‘警察长期服务勋章’，真的就像大海捞针一样。)”可知，清理河道金属垃圾的过程中，意外发现勋章，并归还失主，实属意料之外的好事，reward符合语境。故选D项。
11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D 16．C 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Marlene Irvin帮助修复Joyland又旧又破的旋转木马，给人们留下了深刻的印象。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：公园入口处的旋转木马一直是最让我激动的。A. memory记忆；B. dream梦；C. highlight最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的部分；D. comfort安慰。根据下文“I could watch the horses for hours”可知，公园入口处的旋转木马一直是最让Marlene激动的。故选C。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Joyland无疑给Marlene留下了持久的印象，多年后她在Wichita’s Chance Manufacturing（当时世界上最大的游乐园游乐设施制造商）得到了她的“第一份真正的工作”。A. immediate立刻的；B. lasting持久的；C. accurate准确的；D. general普遍的。根据上文“She got excited the moment her family drove into Joyland’s parking lot”可知，Joyland无疑给Marlene留下了持久的印象。故选B。
13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她最终进入了Chance的艺术和装饰部门，成为主要的马艺术家之一。A. suddenly突然；B. definitely肯定地；C. hesitantly犹豫地；D. eventually最终。根据下文“found her way to Chance’s art and decoration department”可知，她最终进入了Chance的艺术和装饰部门。故选D。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，Joyland的入场率开始下降。A. decline下降；B. break打破；C. boost提高；D. return回来。根据下文“Local preservation organizations purchased some of the park’s historical items, and Joyland’s thirty-six carousel horses were donated to Botanica”可知，Joyland的入场率开始下降。故选A。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最终，令Wichita的老老少少心碎的是，在运营了50多年后，Joyland关闭了。A. went down下来；B. fell down倒下；C. got down下来；D. shut down关闭。根据下文“Local preservation organizations purchased some of the park’s historical items, and Joyland’s thirty-six carousel horses were donated to Botanica”可知，Joyland关闭了。故选D。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Botanica请Marlene修复这些破旧的马，她接受了挑战。A. replace代替；B. rearrange重新安排；C. restore修复；D. reuse再次使用。根据下文“the old, broken horses”可知，旋转木马旧了，Botanica请Marlene修复这些破旧的马。故选C。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Marlene每完成一匹马，Botanica就把它们展示给公众看。A. displayed展示；B. moved移动；C. protected保护；D. advertised打广告。根据下文“for the public to see”可知，Marlene每完成一匹马，Botanica就把它们展示给公众看。故选A。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管由于Marlene在艺术上的努力，它们看起来与在Joyland的辉煌岁月相比有所不同，但它们给观察者留下的印象比以前更深刻。A. modern现代的；B. different不同的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“compared to their glory (辉煌) days at Joyland”可知，它们看起来与在Joyland的辉煌岁月相比有所不同。故选B。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Wichita的人看到它们时，他们最常见的问题是：“我们能骑它们吗？”A. basic基本的；B. unexpected出乎意料的；C. common常见的；D. remarkable非凡的。根据上文“the horses impressed observers even more than they had before”可知，当Wichita的人看到它们时，他们最常见的问题是：“我们能骑它们吗？”。故选C。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使成年后，他们也记得小时候在Joyland骑过马。A. repairmen修理工；B. customers顾客；C. residents居民；D. adults成年人。根据下文“they remembered riding the horses at Joyland when they were kids”可知，句子表示“即使成年后，他们也记得小时候在Joyland骑过马”。故选D。
21. D 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. B
31．B 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．A 36．A 37．D 38．C 39．B 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者疲于工作，边午饭边工作，又想辞职，但是考虑到经济情况，很难找到工作。后来和一个女孩的谈话改变了看法，认为午饭时间就应该是自己的时间。逐渐调整了心态：不能改变环境，但可以改变对待生活的态度。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：和许多公司一样，我的公司为了削减成本，没有在员工离职时补人。A. counted数数；B. cut削减；C. paid支付；D. raised筹集。根据本句中“by not replacing people as they left”可知，此举是为了削减成本。故选B。
32．考查动形容词义辨析。句意：我感觉被困住了。A. trapped受困的；B. fearful害怕的；C. shocked震惊的；D. hurt受伤的。根据前文“I wanted to quit, but given the economy, it was hard to find another job.”可知，作者想辞职，但是考虑到经济情况，很难找到工作，这是进退两难的困境。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来和一个六岁女孩的谈话改变了我的看法。A. work工作；B. way方法；C. view观点；D. plan计划。根据后文“If we can’t change our 　　　　, we can change our attitude.”可知，作者的观点发生了变化：不能改变环境，但可以改变对待生活的态度。故选C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也是我的回答。A. decision决定；B. explanation解释；C. secret秘密；D. answer回答。根据前文“I grasped a sandwich as I tried to finish my work during lunch.”和““What’s your favorite subject ”“Lunch.””以及后文“At lunch, I could talk with my friends, draw pictures or play games. There were no adults to tell me what to do. The time was mine.”可知，作者因为工作陷入困境，不得不边午饭边工作，小女孩的回答解决了他的困扰，同时是也作者的内心所想，认为午饭时间就应该是自己的时间。故选D。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我决定接受它。A. take接受；B. make制作；C. find找到；D. stop停止。根据前文“I knew I was entitled to a lunch break at work.”以及前后的因果关系可知，作者知道自己有权在工作时间享用午餐，作者准备接受并享用这项权利。故选A。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的办公室位于市中心，我开始探索这个地区。A. explore探索；B. measure衡量；C. develop发展；D. identify确认。根据后文“A few blocks away was an art museum with free admission. At the end of another street, I was surprised to discover some horses eating grass in a field.”可知，作者在这个区域探索发现了自己之前未曾注意的生活。故选A。
37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在午餐时间开始观光时，同事们对我投来了一些不愉快的目光，但我选择忽略它们。A. innocent无辜的；B. determined下定决心的；C. sympathetic同情的；D. unpleasant令人不愉快的。根据本句中“but I chose to ignore them”可知，前后为转折关系，同事们对作者投来了一些不愉快的目光，但是作者选择忽视。故选D。
38．考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，我惊讶地看到他们中的一些人开始在午餐时间把工作放在一边。A. carry on继续；B. take over接管；C. put aside把……放在一边；D. go through经历。根据后文“we started inviting each other out for walks and discovered we had other topics of conversation beyond the common complaints about work.”作者和同事出去散步，除了对工作的常见抱怨，我们还有其他话题可以聊，可以推知，作者发现同事中的一些人开始在午餐时间把工作放在一边。故选C。
39．考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我们开始邀请对方出去散步，并发现除了对工作的常见抱怨之外，我们还有其他话题可以聊。A. Generally笼统地；B. Gradually逐渐地；C. Accidentally偶然地；D. Obviously明显地。根据前文“In fact, I watched in amazement that some of them started to　　　　 their work during lunch.”以及后文“we started inviting each other out for walks and discovered we had other topics of conversation beyond the common complaints about work”可知，作者和同事们一开始在午餐时间把工作放在一边，然后开始邀请对方出去散步，聊天。前后为时间上的递进关系。故选B。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不能改变环境，我们可以改变我们的态度。A. strategies策略；B. circumstances环境；C. responsibilities责任；D. principles原则。根据前文“I wanted to quit, but given the economy, it was hard to find another job. I felt 　　　.”和“Our office was located in the downtown and I set out to　　　　　 the area.”可知，作者想辞职，但是考虑到经济情况，很难找到工作，但是作者通过探索生活，午饭时间休息不工作，逐渐调整自己的心态：不能改变环境，我们可以改变态度。故选B。
41．B 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．C 46．D 47．C 48．A 49．C 50．A
【导语】本位为一篇记叙文。讲述了Jerry喜欢足球比赛，因此想要得到一件足球服，但是妈妈答应他后，很长时间都没有兑现，因此他就在一件T恤上画画来设计自己的足球服。被妈妈发现了，妈妈夸奖了他为此付出的努力。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他如此沉浸于比赛，以至于每个人都感受到了他对运动的热爱。A. controlled控制；B. sensed感受到；C. supported支持；D. expected期望。根据前文“Jerry was so absorbed in it”可知，Jerry如此沉浸于这次比赛，因此周围的人都感受到了他对运动的热爱，故选B。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他也渴望得到一件足球服。A. thirsty渴望的；B. realistic现实的，真实的；C. cautious谨慎的，小心的 ；D. selfish自私的。根据前文“his passion for sports”可知，他热爱运动，因此他对得到一件足球服产生了渴望的态度，故选A。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她妈妈说道：“好的，但是你需要有耐心”。A. confidence信心；B. motivation动力；C. inspiration灵感，鼓励；D. patience耐心。根据前文“Whatever he desires, he asks his parents to purchase it in a split of seconds.”可知，无论他想要什么，都会让父母马上给他买，故此处他妈妈答应给他买球服，但要求他要有耐心，故选D。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是几天过去了，他的父母没有任何回应。A. decision决定；B. response回应；C. judgement评论，判断；D. recognition辨认，识别。根据后文“His dream seemed to collapse.”可知，他的梦想似乎要破灭了，故此处表示没有从父母那里得到任何回应，故选B。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可以在他的一件T恤上画，画出一件球服，但是他又担心妈妈看到会责备他。A. purchase购买；B. exchange交换；C. paint画画；D. sew缝。根据后文““I may not get the uniform, but I can try to paint the image on my T-shirt, I thought.””的提示可知，此处表示他可以自己在一件T恤上作画，故选C。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他也很小心地避免颜色染到另一面。A. interest兴趣；B. energy能量；C. courage勇气；D. care小心，护理。根据空后“to avoid the spread of color onto the other side of it.”可知，此处指他很小心地作画，故选D。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不敢面对他的妈妈。A. eager渴望的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. afraid害怕的；D. relieved如释重负的。根据前文“He could 　　5　　 one of his T-shirts, but what if his mother saw and scolded (责备) ”可知，他担心他的母亲会责备他，故此处表示他害怕面对他的母亲，故选C。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是出乎意料的是，他的母亲奖励了他，且没有在意这个错误。A. appreciated欣赏，感谢；B. blamed责备；C. rewarded奖励，奖赏；D. thanked感谢。根据后文“She did not mind the T-shirt in the presence of the idea of painting.”可知，她很欣赏儿子在T恤上画画的这个想法，故选A。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们完全满足了你想要的一切，你内在的天赋就会被埋没。A. taste品尝；B. fondness喜欢；C. talent天赋；D. fear害怕。根据空后的“would have been hidden”可知，此处指天赋会被埋没，故选C。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也就增加了你实现目标的毅力。A. willpower毅力，意志力；B. honesty诚实；C. responsibility责任；D. tolerance耐心，忍耐力。根据前文“You wouldn’t have thought of other alternative in getting the uniform.”可知，此处指这些事就增加了实现目标的毅力，故选A。
51．B 52．D 53．C 54．D 55．A 56．B 57．C 58．A 59．D 60．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者克服恐惧完成演讲的经历。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，当我的搭档Emily提出要做我们项目的发言人时，我欣喜若狂。A. recorder记录员；B. speaker发言人；C. designer设计者；D. organizer组织者。根据上文“I would always volunteer to be any role but the presenter(除了发言人，我总是自愿担任任何角色)”及空后“I was overjoyed”可知，作者不愿意担任发言人，所以此处指当Emily提出要做发言人时，作者欣喜若狂，故选B。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我担心她会错过演讲，所以我给她打了电话。A. change改变；B. give给；C. analyze分析；D. miss错过。根据“She had to stay home to rest.(她必须在家休息)”可知，Emily生病在家休息，作者担心她会错过演讲，所以给她打电话，故选D。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我充满了焦虑。A. relief宽慰；B. excitement激动，兴奋；C. anxiety焦虑；D. shame羞耻。根据“By the time I hung up the phone, I could hardly breathe.(当我挂断电话时，我几乎无法呼吸)”及语境可知，作者要做发言人，所以很焦虑，故选C。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我别无选择，只好另作打算。A. resource资源；B. worry担忧；C. chance机会；D. choice选择。根据语境可知，Emily生病无法担任发言人，所以作者别无选择，只能自己去克服恐惧担任发言人，故选D。
55．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我努力不去想我有多紧张，把注意力集中在手头的工作上。A. push aside不去想，不考虑；B. let out释放；C. hide behind 躲在……后面；D. hold onto坚持不懈。根据“focus on the task at hand”可知，作者努力不去想自己有多紧张，而是把集中注意力在工作上，故选A。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我努力让自己冷静下来，但随着时间的流逝，恐惧笼罩着我，等候区似乎太小了，我无法呼吸。A. sadness悲伤；B. fear害怕，恐惧；C. anger生气；D. guilt内疚。根据语境及文章最后一句“ ____10____ my fear was not as hard as it seemed”可知，作者很害怕，故选B。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. rest休息；B. cry哭泣；C. breathe呼吸；D. sigh叹气。根据空前“the waiting area seemed too small”可知，由于作者极度紧张，所以等待室对作者来说太小了，喘不过气，故选C。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在裁判面前，我的手没能保持稳定。A. steady稳定的；B. flexible灵活的；C. gentle温柔的；D. strong强壮的。根据下一句“All the while, my voice and hands were shaking.(我的声音和手一直在颤抖)”可知，作者的手一直抖，无法保持稳定，故选A。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知怎的，我设法完成了整个演示，并按计划发表了我的演讲。A. pretended假装；B. expected期待；C. refused拒绝；D. managed设法做到。根据“deliver my speech as planned”可知，作者如期完成演讲，manage to do sth设法完成某事，故选D。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：克服我的恐惧并不像看起来那么难，我的替代计划被证明是成功的。A. Understanding理解；B. Overcoming克服；C. Admitting承认；D. Expressing表达。根据“and my alternative plan proved to be a success”可知，作者克服了恐惧，成功完成演讲，故选B。
61．C 62．B 63．A 64．D 65．A 66．B 67．D 68．A 69．B 70．C
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一次跑步比赛中，摔倒了，膝盖的疼痛让作者无法继续前进。就在作者感到绝望时，旁边的选手停下来，搀扶着作者走向终点线。这让作者很是感动，并会永远记住这个在他需要帮助时，及时向他伸出援助之手的人。
61．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着旁边充满自信且表情凶神恶煞的其他竞争者，我感到浑身起鸡皮疙瘩，我比之前更加紧张。A. tired疲惫的；B. confused困惑的；C. nervous紧张的；D. regretful后悔的。根据前文“The sight of other competitors who had confident and fierce-looking faces got me goose bumps”可知，此处指作者看着旁边的人充满自信感到更加紧张，故选C。
62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全身力气向前冲，尽管后面一群吃人的狮子紧跟在我后面。A. joy高兴，喜悦；B. might强大力量，威力；C. trouble困难；D. shame羞愧。根据后文“and started running”可知，此处指我用尽全身强大的力量先前冲，故选B。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一百双眼睛盯着我看，看我努力试图爬起来。A. attempt企图，努力；B. hesitate犹豫；C. wait等待；D. pretend假装。根据前文“All of a sudden, I fell down on my knees.”可知，此处指我在赛跑时摔倒了，故努力试图爬起来，故填A。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就这样结束了。我必须完成这次比赛”。A. organize组织；B. evaluate评估，评价；C. appreciate欣赏，感激；D. complete完成。根据前文“No, it cannot end like this.”可知，此处指不能就这样结束，我必须完成这次比赛，故选D。
65．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，我膝盖上的疼痛如此无法忍受，以至于我感觉很泄气。A. defeated泄气的，受挫的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. shocked震惊的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“However, the pain from my injury was so unbearable ”以及后文“I really wanted to give up.”可知，此处指我想放弃，因此我是感觉很泄气的，故选A。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个善良的竞争者向我伸出了手。A. waved挥手；B. extended延伸，伸出；C. showed展示；D. pointed指向。根据后文“as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up”可知，此处指她向我伸出手，故选B。
67．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我抓住她的手，她把我拉起来的时候，我感激地说着“谢谢你”。A. proudly骄傲地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. awkwardly尴尬地；D. gratefully感激地。根据前文“a kind competitor 　　6　　 her hand to me.”可知，此处指我很感激那个向我伸出手的竞争者，因此是感激地说着谢谢，故选D。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把肩膀借给我支撑，我向前移动。A. moved移动；B. fell摔，落；C. bent弯腰；D. looked看。根据后文“Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我支撑着她的肩膀，向终点线移动，故选A。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：观众为这种杰出的体育精神而欢呼。A. partnership合伙，合作关系；B. sportsmanship体育精神；C. leadership领导才能；D. friendship友谊。根据前文“Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我在比赛中摔倒了，旁边的人扶着我走向终点，这是一种体育精神，故选B。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我不知道她的名字，但我将永远记得她，因为她是在我有需要时，走上前来帮助我的那个人。A. anger怒气；B. doubt疑惑；C. need需要；D. silence沉默。根据前文“Out of despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind competitor 　　6　　 her hand to me.”可知，此处指她在我需要帮助时，向我伸出了援助之手，故选C。
71．B 72．A 73．C 74．D 75．B 76．D 77．A 78．A 79．C 80．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只救援犬听到对面邻居微弱的呼救声，从而使摔倒在厕所里的85岁邻居得救的故事。
71．考查动词短语辨析。句意：2021年11月的一个早上，斯威夫特打开了她在马里兰州银泉的前门，米洛开始跑起来。A. moved down后退；B. took off匆忙离去；C. reached out伸出；D. pulled up拉起。根据下文“Milo ran to the house across the street. He seemed unsatisfied with this house, so he ran to the one next door”可知，小狗米洛开始跑起来。故选B。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他似乎对这所房子不满意，所以他跑到隔壁的房子，斯威夫特紧跟其后。A. tail尾巴；B. head头；C. body身体；D. feet脚。根据下文“But as she tried to 　　4　　 Milo away, she could hear a sound coming through an open upstairs window.”可知，主人斯威夫特紧紧跟着自己的小狗。固定搭配on one’s tail“紧紧跟随某人”。故选A。
73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯威夫特很尴尬，因为不是每个人都想让一只陌生的狗出现在他们的房子里。A. disappointed失望的；B. confused困惑的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. astonished惊讶的。根据下文“because not everyone wants a strange dog on their property.”及常识可知，斯威夫特感到很尴尬。故选C。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当她试图把米洛拖走的时候，她听到楼上一扇敞开的窗户里传来了声音。A. give给；B. sweep扫；C. knock敲；D. drag拖。根据上文“Swift was 　　3　　, because not everyone wants a strange dog on their property.”可知，斯威夫特试图把小狗拖走。故选D。
75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她被卡在马桶和浴缸之间，根本动不了。A. sunk沉没；B. stuck卡住；C. lifted举起；D. settled定居。根据下文“could not move at all.”可知，这位老人被卡在马桶和浴缸之间。故选B。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯塔尔很害怕，以为自己会死在那里。A. surprised惊讶的；B. bored无聊的；C. puzzled困惑的；D. scared害怕的。根据下文“thought she was just going to die there.”可知，这位老人很害怕。故选D。
77．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的声音很微弱，没有人能听到。A. weak虚弱的；B. sharp锋利的；C. rough粗略的；D. loud大声的。根据下文“that no one could hear.”可知，老人的声音非常的虚弱。故选A。
78．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，当斯威夫特打开自己的前门时，米洛显然听到了斯塔尔的声音。A. apparently显然；B. hardly几乎没有；C. slightly轻微地；D. temporarily暂时。根据上文“Milo started scratching on the front door.”及下文“the moment Swift opened her own front door”可知，显然小狗听到了老人虚弱的呼救声。故选A。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当救护车工作人员到达时，他们认为他们必须拆除厕所来救斯塔尔，但相反，他们给了斯塔尔最后一拉，她就出来了。A. trap抓捕；B. drop下降；C. free使解脱出来；D. lay躺。根据上文“She was 　　5　　 between the toilet and the tub and could not move at all.”可知，此处指把老人从马桶和浴缸之间解脱出来。故选C。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管她全身青一块紫一块，斯塔尔还是拒绝去医院。A. avoided避免；B. failed失败；C. declined拒绝；D. continued继续。根据上文“Though she was black and blue all over”可知，虽然受伤了，但是老人拒绝去医院。故选C。2023北京高三一模英语汇编
语法填空
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023·北京·朝阳·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
This year, the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books, 1 theme was “Reading China”, was held on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide. It 2 (carry) out a variety of activities such as book exhibitions and cultural performances. Books displayed in the exhibition were philosophical and artistic, which closely met the needs of overseas readers. Overall, this year’s book exhibition presented the newest and 3 (fine) Chinese publications to local readers so that they could better understand China in the new era.
（2023·北京·平谷·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Scientists in Australia have built a new battery using sodium-sulphur, a type of salt from sea water. The battery can store four times more energy than a standard lithium battery and would be cheap to make 4 sea salt is widely available. It is also better for the environment than other batteries, 5 use rare metals (such as lithium). Sea-salt batteries have been made before but this is easily the best model so far. The team will continue working on the idea before this kind of the batteries 6 (go) on sale.
（2023·北京·东城·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Renewable methods for 7 (produce) electricity, such as wind turbines and solar panels, can only provide power on the days 8 wind blows or the sun shines. Electric batteries 9 (use) to store energy are expensive and can also be polluting. Finnish scientists came up with a simple solution that puts unwanted green electricity to work, heating 100 tons of sand to around 500℃. The sand stays hot for months; when energy 10 (require), air can be pumped through it and heated up. The air in turn heats a system that supplies hot water to heat nearby houses.
（2023·北京·房山·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When I was seven years old, I caught a cold and had to stay at home. My parents had to work, so my neighbor came over to look after me. She read many different books to me 11 (patient), including adventures set in ancient times, travel stories, family dramas, historical novels, etc. To my joy, 12 (listen) to each book made me feel like watching a movie, but better because books gave much more details than movies. She started my interest in reading. Next year, after graduating from college, I 13 (have) a job teaching English. I hope that I can transfer the love of reading to my students.
（2023·北京·房山·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
World Environment Day (WED) is a day we all need to put in our 14 (diary). It happens on June 5 every year and should be one of the most important days of the holiday calendar. WED 15 (create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The environment wasn’t such a big issue back then. But it is one of the hottest topics in the world today. WED helps raise worldwide awareness of the threats to our environment. 16 people can do that day is to start changing lifestyles to reduce their carbon footprint. Many environmental agencies organize events based on different themes each year. These events encourage both governments and local communities to work together 17 (handle) environmental problems.
（2023·北京·丰台·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Wang was born and grew up in America, but she 18 (build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. She is now riding a new trend: mixing and matching modern clothes with traditional Han dress, or hanfu. She has been posting videos of 19 (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. “I love hanfu. I’ve made many videos, 20 (aim) to help more people learn about it,” Wang told Beijing Review.
（2023·北京·丰台·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A study showed how much dogs love their owners. In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears 21 (produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners. The team then repeated the experiment, this time with dogs that were reunited with their owners 22 being apart for five hours. The results showed dogs only shed tears during the reunions. The team now wants to find out 23 dogs have a similar emotional response when reunited with other dogs.
（2023·北京·朝阳·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My son Zack suffered from autism (自闭症)when he was two. Watching a movie together was an important routine for us. On an ordinary spring day, we were enjoying one of his favorite movies that he 24 (see) many times before. I took his hand as usual. Suddenly he stood up and wrapped his arms around me in a big bear hug. You could imagine 25 excited I was. Although it was just a hug, it meant a lot to me, 26 (fill) me with great joy.
（2023·北京·朝阳·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
ChatGPT is a new artificial intelligence technology 27 (create) by Open AI. It enables machines to understand and respond to human conversations in a 28 (nature) and conversational way. ChatGPT has shaken the tech world since it was opened for public use last year. While it certainly comes across as knowledgeable, it’s far 29 perfect. It cannot answer questions about things that have happened recently because it 30 (train) using data from 2021 and before.
（2023·北京·西城·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It’s said that for the Englishman, his house is his castle. However, this does not mean that his house is a beautiful palace that others 31 (invite) to see. For the British, the home is a place to protect oneself from the outside world. It’s a private place in which he goes to hide away 32 the troubles of life. To the American, the home is an expression of 33 (he). Much money is often spent on each and every room 34 (create) the right “feel” according to the person’s lifestyle. Therefore, he is happy to show his house to others.
（2023·北京·西城·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Smoke jumpers are firefighters, trained to fight fires in places that fire engines can’t reach. They travel in small planes and, 35 (use) a parachute, jump into remote wild areas to fight fires. Smoke jumpers have to respond quickly. While a fire is still small, the pilot 36 (drop) team members into the area as needed. Their first job may be to build a fire line to stop the fire from spreading. Water is sent down to them. Smoke jumpers must be 37 (high) trained, very experienced and extremely fit. Their job is very dangerous.
（2023·北京·石景山·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nick was riding his bike along the Arching River when he noticed something 38 (usual) in the water. He took a closer look and saw a pair of fin-like things circling above the river’s surface. 39 (confuse) by what he had seen, Nick took a video and posted it on the Internet. Days later, some researchers confirmed that he 40 (spot) two dolphins— the first cetacean (鲸目动物) sighted in this river since 2017—and this suggested the efforts to restore the health of the river were paying off.
（2023·北京·石景山·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As products of nature, shells have developed a bond with people since the period of cavemen, 41 images in the cave paintings show them wearing shells. Today, in Fujian Province, experts are turning the natural gifts into shell-carved artworks by 42 (integrate) techniques from jade and wood carving, as well as traditional Chinese painting. In 2021, a shell carving art museum was established, where the craft’s history has been publicized. The experts hope they 43 (explore) new techniques in the future to carry this ancient craft forward.
（2023·北京·延庆·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I decided to volunteer for this year’s half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee 44 (visit) my school. For the previous weeks, I had been trained on 45 to be a volunteer for it.
The exciting race began, Cathy and I waited patiently until word spread that the first runners would be arriving soon, we 46 (quick) poured water into the cups for them. After the last runner passed, Cathy and I started clearing up. Tired and wet with sweat, we felt good.
（2023·北京·门头沟·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Standing on the shore of a lake, I couldn’t help admiring the hundreds of small rock that 47 (surround) my shoes. All created from hard surfaces, the rocks soften over time. And I was wondering 48 we could learn from a pile of rocks. Once was a sharp rock that was covered with pointy edges, and now I have found my attitude have softened and my desire to understand others 49 (expand) with time.
（2023·北京·门头沟·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Oil dominates every aspect 50 our life. It fuels our cars, and it is used in production of our plastic goods and the electricity for our homes and factories. Moreover, it can even 51 (find) in the fertilizer for the soil in which our food grows. Oil makes nations 52 (extreme) wealthy, while shortages of oil can bring economies to their knees. In short, this black and sticky substance has been running 53 (we) world.
（2023·北京·门头沟·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When we go outdoors in winter,cold wind gets through our clothes, 54 (hit)our body parts fiercely. Then we may feel cold. How do we feel cold Actually human skin is filled with temperature-sensing nerve receptors named TRPs,which receive stimuli (刺激) from the environment. 55 (sense) the cold，the brain uses one of the receptors called TRPM8.When the TRPM8 is hit by stimuli,it will send an electric signal to the brain, 56 understands the signal as “cold”.
（2023·北京·平谷·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Elle Gianelli wanted to put a smile on the faces of the seniors who 57 (live) in nursing homes. So she found a creative way to do that. Born out of her love for wearing silly socks on the golf course, Elle Gianelli launched Socks4Seniors, 58 (raise) money via GoFundMe. When 59 (ask) what the money was for, she explained it would be used to purchase bright, patterned socks and thoughtful notes for all seniors in assisted living facilities in the country.
（2023·北京·平谷·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Now, at Hailang River in northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province, dozens of Chinese merganser ducks are preparing to migrate south. Chinese merganser duck is an 60 (danger) species under class-one state protection. In recent years, the province has beefed up measures 61 (restore) forests, wetlands and other ecosystems. China has established 49 nature reserves 62 a total area of 2,561, 300 hectares. Thanks to these efforts, the local population of Chinese mergansers 63 (grow) from around a dozen to nearly100 over the past few years.
（2023·北京·东城·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On a particular sunny day, little Mykel was determined to learn to ride his bike without the help of training wheels. When the neighborhood kids 64 (spot) Mykel shakily controlling his bike, they raced over 65 (help). Some held the bike steady while others offered encouragement. Mykel was not alone as he tried to reach his goal of learning to ride his bike! Some things are 66 (easy) said than done. However, with a little help from friends, things go better!
（2023·北京·房山·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Beijing Olympic Park, also 67 (know) as the Olympic Green, is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, with a total land area of 11.59 square kilometers. The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest” is the centerpiece of the park, 68 the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were hosted. The National Aquatics Center or “Water Cube” hosted the swimming, diving and synchronized swimming events. It was transformed 69 the “Ice Cube” for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, and detachable curling tracks were built on the swimming pool to host curling events.
（2023·北京·海淀·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I’ve loved photography since I was a teenager. My parents recorded many home videos of my siblings and me. Cherished family moments 70 (document). Revisiting them was like opening a treasure chest. I’m grateful for these visual records 71 showed our youth and growth. Film had a big influence on me. I love the emotions conveyed by the story on video. For a decade I worked as a freelance filmmaker and photographer. I recorded a wide range of genres, therefore 72 (collect) tens of thousands of images—both still and moving.
（2023·北京·海淀·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
“Conventional wisdom tells us that we can feel happier if we smile or that we can get ourselves 73 a more serious mood if we scowl(怒视),” said Nicholas Coles, a PhD at Utah University. His team combined data from 138 studies testing more than 11,000 participants and found facial 74 (express) do have impact on feelings. For example, smiling makes people happier, scowling makes them feel angrier, and frowning makes them 75 (sad). These finding are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and body interact 76 (influence) our conscious experience of emotion.
（2023·北京·海淀·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
By drawing patterns such as bamboos on the surface of a cup of tea, Chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick 77 (go) viral recently. There are a dozen steps, from grinding tea for fine powder, to pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture for thick froth(泡沫), and finally drawing patterns. Clear water it used to put into the cup. When the water 78 (touch) the surface of tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The process before drawing is known as “diancha.” The quality of it is crucial to 79 the patterns can be successfully produced later.
（2023·北京·延庆·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
During the opening ceremony of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, there was a surprise 80 (appear) by Hollywood actor Morgan Freeman.
The American superstar 81 (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS. It 82 (impact) the normal formation of the lower half of the body. But the determined young man refused to let his condition prevent his thirst 83 life and decided to take on a range of sports — tackling everything from rock climbing, football, ice hockey to swimming.
（2023·北京·丰台·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Engineers invented a new device to produce solar electricity at night. Solar panels transform sunlight into energy, so they 84 (traditional) work only during daylight hours. This device, however 85 (use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature. In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy, 86 is transformed into electricity. The device could be helpful in areas 87 (locate) far from a power grid (电网).
（2023·北京·西城·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My name is Barbara and I work at a department store. I 88 (work) there for one year when another Barbara joined the staff. Then I changed my name tag from “Barb” to “Barbie”. 89 made me feel funny was how small kids talked about me. “Is she really Barbie ” they asked. I changed it at my other job, too and began answering the phone, “This is Barbie. How can I help you ” The callers have gotten used to that over time, ninety percent of 90 now respond with my name: “Barbie, can you tell me.” Pronouncing that long “e” sound forces your mouth into a smile, but I have found the smile is usually returned voluntarily.
（2023·北京·石景山·高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since ChatGPT’s launch in November last year, it has become an immediate hit that is both entertaining and alarming 91 (it) users. Given a command or question, the chatbot is able to return convincing essays, simple recipes and even life advice in a matter of 92 (second). This impressive achievement 93 (obtain) by a large language model. Many are wondering 94 could be next for this technology and where the technology could end up.
（2023·北京·延庆·高三一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
According to some food experts, it is hardest to give up the food you grow up with. Of course, each person’s comfort food largely depends on the place 95 they come — for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, 96 (serve) hot, salty and sour. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, 97 (give) us the “taste of home” and relieving feelings of homesickness.
参考答案
1．whose 2．carried 3．finest
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以“读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书展，并且介绍了活动内容及展出书目等详细情况。
1．考查定语从句。句意：今年，以“读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书展于1月24日在全球85家书店举行。分析句子可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，因此需使用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
2．考查时态。句意：此次图书展将会开展书展、文艺演出等多种活动。分析句子可知，空处与主语it构成主动关系且陈述过去事实，因此可使用过去式。故填carried。
3．考查形容词最高级。句意：总的来说，今年的书展向当地读者展示了最新、最好的中国出版物，让他们更好地了解新时代的中国。由并列连词and和the newest（最新的）可知，空处应使用形容词最高级。故填finest。
4．as/because 5．which 6．goes
【导语】这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的科学家利用海水中的一种盐——硫酸钠制造了一种新的电池。文章主要介绍了这种电池的好处。
4．考查连词。句意：这种电池可以储存比标准锂电池多四倍的能量，而且由于海盐的广泛使用，制造成本较低。空处引导状语从句，表示原因，应用as/because引导原因状语从句，故填as/because。
5．考查定语从句。句意：它也比其他使用稀有金属（如锂）的电池更环保。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词other batteries，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用which来引导，故填which。
6．考查时态。句意：在这种电池上市销售之前，这个团队将继续研究这个想法。此处在before引导的状语从句中作谓语，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主语this kind of the batteries，为单数，且和主语go是主动关系，应用go的第三人称单数形式，故填goes。
7．producing 8．when 9．used 10．is required
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了芬兰科学家提出的一个利用沙子的可再生发电方式。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。空前为介词for，故空处需要填动名词doing的形式构成“介宾”结构。故填producing。
8．考查定语从句。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词the days，表“时间”，从句中不缺主、宾、表和定语，故填关系副词。故填when。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：用来储存能量的电池价格昂贵，而且会造成污染。本句已有动词are,且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词与空前名词之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语。故填used。
10．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当需要能量时，空气可以通过它来加热。结合句意可知，此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态即可；动词require和单数主语energy为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be done的形式。故填is required。
11．patiently 12．listening 13．will have/am going to have
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候，邻居激发了作者的阅读兴趣。
11．考查副词。句意：她耐心地给我读了很多不同的书，包括古代冒险故事、旅行故事、家庭剧、历史小说等。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填patiently。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：让我高兴的是，每听一本书都让我感觉像在看电影，但更好，因为书比电影提供了更多的细节。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填listening。
13．考查时态。句意：明年，大学毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。根据时间状语Next year可知，用一般将来时。故填will have/am going to have。
14．diaries 15．was created 16．What 17．to handle
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日。
14．考查名词的数。句意：世界环境日是我们每个人都需要记在日记里的一天。名词diary为可数名词，根据形容词性物主代词our可知，用名词的复数形式。故填diaries。
15．考查时态语态。句意：世界环境日由联合国大会于1972年创立。根据时间状语in 1972可知，用一般过去时。主语WED是单数，与create之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was created。
16．考查名词性从句。句意：人们在这一天能做的就是开始改变生活方式来减少碳足迹。本句为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些活动鼓励政府和当地社区共同努力解决环境问题。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填to handle。
18．has built 19．herself 20．aiming
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了出生在美国的王女士从小就喜欢中国文化，她经常上传自己穿着汉服的视频，她说她喜欢汉服，想要更多的人了解它。
18．考查时态。句意：王女士出生并长在美国，但是从她是个小女孩的时候，她就和中国文化产生了牢固的联系。此处主语为she，build为谓语动词，主语she与build之间为主动关系，且根据后文的时间状语从句since she was a little girl可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has built。
19．考查代词。句意：她一直在网上上传她穿着汉服的视频，这吸引了很多喜欢中国生活方式的人。此处of是介词，后跟宾语，且主语为she，此处意为“她自己”，故应用反身代词herself作宾语，故填herself。
20．考查现在分词。句意：我录了很多视频，是为了帮助更多的人了解它。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，aim与主语I之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，故填aiming。
21．were produced 22．after 23．whether/if
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究显示狗狗有多爱它们的主人。在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。然后，研究小组重复了这个实验，这次是在分别5小时后与主人团聚的狗。结果显示，狗只在团聚时流泪。研究小组现在想知道，当狗和其他狗团聚时，是否会有类似的情绪反应
21．考查时态语态。句意：在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。根据“they were”可知，主句为一般过去时，主语tears与谓语produce为被动关系。故填were produced。
22．考查介词。句意：然后，研究小组重复了这个实验，这次是在分别5小时后与主人团聚的狗。根据句意可知，空处填介词after。故填after。
23．考查连接词。句意：研究小组现在想知道，当狗和其他狗团聚时，是否会有类似的情绪反应。find out后接宾语从句，根据句意可知，表示“是否”，用连接词whether或者if。故填whether/if。
24．had seen 25．how 26．filling
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子患有自闭症，某天他们一起看电影的时候儿子拥抱了作者，让作者非常触动和高兴。
24．考查时态。句意：在一个普通的春日，我们正在欣赏他最喜欢的电影之一，他以前看过很多次。根据后文many times before可知表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had seen。
25．考查宾语从句。句意：突然，他站了起来，紧紧地抱住我。你可以想象我有多兴奋。引导宾语从句，表示“多么激动”应用how excited。故填how。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然只是一个拥抱，但它对我来说意义重大，让我充满了巨大的喜悦。分析句子结构可知fill与逻辑主语hug构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填filling。
27．created 28．natural 29．from 30．is trained
【导语】这是一篇说明文。ChatGPT是Open AI创造的一种新的人工智能技术。它使机器能够以自然和对话的方式理解和回应人类的对话。自去年开放给公众使用以来，ChatGPT已经撼动了科技界。虽然它看起来很有知识，但它远非完美。它无法回答关于最近发生的事情的问题，因为它使用的是2021年及之前的数据。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：ChatGPT是Open AI创造的一种新的人工智能技术。分析句子结构可知create与逻辑主语a new artificial intelligence technology构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填created。
28．考查形容词。句意：它使机器能够以自然和对话的方式理解和回应人类的对话。修饰名词way应用形容词natural，作定语。故填natural。
29．考查介词。句意：虽然它看起来很有知识，但它远非完美。短语far from表示“远非”。故填from。
30．考查时态语态。句意：它无法回答关于最近发生的事情的问题，因为它使用的是2021年及之前的数据。主语与谓语构成被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为it，谓语用单数。故填is trained。
31．are invited 32．from 33．himself 34．to create
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“房屋”对英国人和美国人分别意味着什么。
31．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然而，这并不意味着他的房子是一个美丽的宫殿，其他人都会被邀请来参观。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语others与invite为动宾关系，表示“被邀请”，故需要用到被动语态；文章为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态。故填are invited。
32．考查介词。句意：这是他躲避生活烦恼的私人场所。结合句意，表示“躲避”为固定短语hide away from。故填from。
33．考查反身代词。句意：对于美国人来说，房屋就是表达他自己的一种方式。结合句意可知，空处需要填反身代词表示“美国人自己”；根据谓语动词is和宾语an expression可知，此处反身代词需要用单数形式，在性别有男有女时，用himself代指。故填himself。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：通常会在每个房间都花很多钱，以根据人们的生活方式来创造一种合适的“感觉”。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is spent，故空处需要填非谓语的形式；结合句意，表示“来……”为目的，故用to do不定式的形式。故填to create。
35．using 36．drops/will drop 37．highly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了跳伞灭火工作人员的工作方式，内容和条件。
35．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们乘坐小型飞机旅行，并使用降落伞跳入偏远的荒野地区灭火。分析句子成分可知，本句的谓语动词为“travel”和“jump”，连词为“and”，故提示词应为非谓语动词。照应主语“They”，为逻辑上的主动关系，故用doing形式作方式状语。故填using。
36．考查谓语动词。句意：当火势还很小时，飞行员会根据需要将队员空投到该地区。分析句子成分可知，本句为“While”引导的时间状语从句，主将从现，故主句应用一般将来时。另外，本句也可理解为客观描述，可用一般现在时。故填drops/will drop。
37．考查副词。句意：跳伞灭火员必须训练有素，非常有经验和非常健康。根据空前后为谓语动词“must be trained”可知，应为副词修饰动词。故填highly。
38．unusual 39．Confused 40．had spotted/spotted
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nick在河中发现鲸目动物，说明环境得到了改善。
38．考查形容词。句意：Nick沿着拱门河骑着自行车，突然他注意到河里有不寻常的东西。something是一个不定代词，后面一般加的是形容词。结合句意，用形容词unusual，表示“不同寻常的”。故填unusual。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：Nick对他所看到的感到困惑，他拍了一段视频并发布在网上。be confused by对……困惑，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词形式。故填Confused。
40．考查时态。句意：几天后，一些研究人员证实，他发现了两只海豚，这是自2017年以来在这条河中发现的第一只鲸类动物，这表明恢复河流健康的努力正在取得成效。根据时间状语可知，从句的动作发生在主句过去动作confirmed之前，所以用过去完成时。或者表示陈述过去事实，所以也可用一般过去时。故填had spotted/spotted。
41．whose 42．integrating 43．will explore
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍将贝壳作为艺术品。
41．考查定语从句。句意：贝壳作为自然的产物，自穴居人时期就与人类产生了联系，洞穴壁画中的穴居人就穿着贝壳。句中先行词为cavemen，在非限定性定语从句中作名词images的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，在福建省，专家们将玉雕、木雕以及中国传统绘画的技术结合起来，将这些天然礼物变成了贝壳雕刻艺术品。介词by后接动名词形式。故填integrating。
43．考查时态。句意：专家们希望他们能在未来探索新的技术，将这项古老的工艺发扬光大。根据时间状语in the future可知，用一般将来时。故填will explore。
44．visited 45．how 46．quickly
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加今年的半程马拉松比赛志愿者活动的过程。
44．考查动词时态。句意：在组委会主席参观我的学校后，我决定志愿参加今年的半程马拉松比赛。句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填visited。
45．考查疑问词。句意：在之前的几周里，我一直在接受如何成为一名志愿者的培训。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用“疑问词+to do”结构，作on的宾语，表示“如何”，应用how。故填how。
46．考查副词。句意：激动人心的比赛开始了，凯茜和我耐心地等待着，直到第一批选手即将到来的消息传开，我们迅速地把水倒进杯子里。此处修饰动词poured，应用副词，作状语。故填quickly。
47．surrounded 48．what 49．has expanded
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者站在湖岸边，看着鞋子周围的小石子，油然而生对生活的感悟。
47．考查时态。句意：站在湖岸上，我忍不住欣赏着鞋子周围的数百块小石头。分析句子结构，空白处在定语从句中作谓语，因句子表达的是一个过去的动作，应使用一般过去时，故填surrounded。
48．考查名词性从句。句意：我想知道我们能从一堆石头中学到什么。分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，因空白处在句子中做主语表示内容，使用what引导定语从句，故填what。
49．考查时态。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己的态度被软化了，理解他人的欲望也扩大了。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时，故填has expanded。
50．of 51．be found 52．extremely 53．our
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了石油控制着我们生活的方方面面。
50．考查介词。句意：石油主宰着我们生活的方方面面。根据空白处上文“aspect (方面)”以及下文“our life (我们生活)”可知上下文之间为所属关系，故填of。
51．考查被动语态。句意：此外，它甚至可以在我们食物生长的土壤的肥料中找到。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，与主语之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态，因空白处前面有情态动词can，空白处只需填be+过去分词，故填be found。
52．考查副词。句意：石油使国家变得极其富有，而石油短缺会使经济陷入瘫痪。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用副词，故填extremely。
53．考查代词。句意：简而言之，这种黑色粘稠的物质一直在统治着我们的世界。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，应使用形容词性物主代词，故填our。
54．hitting 55．To sense 56．which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍我们是怎样感知到冷的。
54．考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：当我们在冬天外出时，冷风穿过我们的衣服，猛烈地袭击我们的身体部位。此处句子主语cold wind和动词hit之间是主动关系，是现在分词作伴随状语。故填hitting。
55．考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了感知寒冷，大脑使用一种名为TRPM8的受体。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，且to的首字母大写。故填To sense。
56．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：当TRPM8受到刺激时，它会向大脑发送一个电信号，大脑将这个信号理解为“冷”。此处the brain作先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，定语从句由关系代词which引导。故填which。
57．lived/were living 58．raising 59．asked
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Elle Gianelli为了改善养老院老年人的生活做出的努力。
57．考查一般过去时或过去进行时。句意：Elle Gianelli想让住在养老院的老年人脸上露出笑容。根据“Elle Gianelli wanted to put a smile on the faces of the seniors”可知，此处应用一般过去时。也可以理解为正在住在养老院的状态，所以也可用过去进行时，主语who代指先行词seniors，为复数。故填lived/were living。
58．考查现在分词。句意：由于喜欢在高尔夫球场上穿傻傻的袜子，Elle Gianelli创立了Socks4Seniors，并通过GoFundMe网站筹集资金。动词raise意为“筹集”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语Elle Gianelli构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填raising。
59．考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及这笔钱的用途时，她解释说，这笔钱将用于为该国所有生活在辅助生活设施中的老年人购买明亮的图案袜子和贴心的便条。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语相同时，可以省略从句的主语和系动词。动词ask意为“询问”，和主语构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式。故填asked。
60．endangered 61．to restore 62．with 63．has grown
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国家一级保护濒危物种秋沙鸭的保护现状。
60．考查形容词。句意：秋沙鸭是国家一级保护的濒危物种。根据“under class-one state protection”可知，此处是指秋沙鸭是濒危物种，所以应用形容词endangered表示“濒危的”作定语。故填endangered。
61．考查动词不定式。句意：近年来，该省加强了恢复森林、湿地和其他生态系统的措施。measure意为“措施”，为抽象名词，所以应用to do不定式作后置定语。故填to restore。
62．考查介词。句意：中国已建立自然保护区49个，总面积256.13万公顷。根据“China has established 49 nature reserves”和“a total area of 2,561, 300 hectares”可知，此处是指“带有，具有”，所以应用介词with。故填with。
63．考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：由于这些努力，在过去的几年里，当地的中国秋沙鸭的数量已经从十几只左右增加到近100只。根据“over the past few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语population为第三人称单数。故填has grown。
64．spotted 65．to help 66．easier
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Mykel学习骑自行车时得到周围孩子的帮助的故事。
64．考查一般过去时。句意：当邻居的孩子们发现Mykel摇摇晃晃地控制着他的自行车时，他们跑过去帮忙。根据上文的时间状语“On a particular sunny day”及主句中的“raced”可知，文章是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填spotted。
65．考查动词不定式。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help。
66．考查形容词比较级。句意：有些事说起来容易做起来难。根据than可知此处应用形容词比较级。故填easier。
67．known 68．where 69．into/to
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了北京奥林匹克公园。
67．考查非谓语动词。句意：北京奥林匹克公园，又称奥林匹克公园，位于北京市朝阳区，总土地面积11.59平方公里。根据句子分析可知，此处作定语，主语Beijing Olympic Park与know之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。
68．考查定语从句。句意：著名的国家体育馆或者“鸟巢”是公园的中心，在这里举办了2022年北京冬奥会的开幕式和闭幕式。根据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest”，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导。故填where。
69．考查介词。句意：为2022年北京冬奥会和残运会，将它改造成了“冰立方”，并在游泳池上建造了可拆卸的冰壶跑道，以举办冰壶比赛。根据句意可知，此处意为“转变为，改变为”，表达为be transformed into/to。故填into/to。
70．were documented 71．which/that 72．collecting
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的父母在童年为他和兄弟姐妹们录像对他成为一位电影制作人和摄影师的影响。
70．考查动词时态语态。句意：珍贵的家庭时刻被记录下来。空处作谓语，和主语moments为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合上文“recorded”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填were documented。
71．考查定语从句。句意：我很感激这些记录我们青春和成长的影像。空处引导定语从句，先行词records，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
72．考查非谓语动词。句意：我录制的题材广泛，因此收集了数以万计的图像——有静止的，也有移动的。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词recorded，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，I和collect为逻辑主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填collecting。
73．in 74．expressions 75．sadder 76．to influence
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现面部表情对情绪有影响。
73．考查介词。句意：犹他大学的尼古拉斯·科尔斯博士说:“传统观念告诉我们，微笑会让我们感到更快乐，皱眉会让我们的心情更严肃。”in a more serious mood为固定短语，意为“处于更严肃的情绪”。故填in。
74．考查名词。句意：他的团队综合了对1.1万多名参与者进行的138项研究的数据，发现面部表情确实对情绪有影响。分析句子可知，“facial 　　2　　(express) do have impact on feelings”是宾语从句，提示词是从句中主语，应用名词expression作主语，结合谓语中助动词do可知，主语是复数名词。故填expressions。
75．考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，微笑让人更快乐，皱眉让人更生气，皱眉让人更悲伤。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，且空处和happier，angrier并列，空处需填形容词比较级作宾语补足语。故填sadder。
76．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些发现令人兴奋，因为它们提供了一个线索，说明大脑和身体是如何相互作用，影响我们对情感的有意识体验的。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to influence。
77．has gone 78．touches 79．whether
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种古老的中国茶艺——茶百戏。
77．考查动词时态。句意：在一杯茶的表面画上竹子的图案，这是一种古老的中国茶艺，茶百戏，最近在网上疯传。根据时间状语“recently”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为an ancient Chinese tea trick，助动词用has。故填has gone。
78．考查动词时态。句意：当水接触到茶的表面时，它会变成白色，并在20分钟内消失。when引导的时间状语从句缺少谓语动词，主句谓语动词turns是一般现在时，从句也使用一般现在时，主语为the water，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填touches。
79．考查宾语从句。句意：它的质量对于以后是否能成功地制作出图案至关重要。空处引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，从句不缺成分，连接词表示“是否”，需用whether引导。故填whether。
80．appearance 81．was spotted 82．impacts 83．for
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了卡塔尔世界杯与超级巨星摩根弗里曼一起出现的卡塔尔男孩——身残志坚的Al Muftah。
80．考查名词。句意：在2022年卡塔尔世界杯的开幕式上，好莱坞演员摩根·弗里曼 (Morgan Freeman) 惊奇现身。不定冠词修饰单数名词，故填appearance。
81．考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这位美国超级巨星和一位身体有缺陷的年轻卡塔尔男孩一起出现。分析句子可知，spot作谓语，与主语superstar是被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填was spotted。
82．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它影响下半身的正常形成。分析句子可知，impact作谓语，it指代上文提到的CRS，主语和谓语之间是主动关系，且主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，讲述事实用一般现在时，故填impacts。
83．考查介词。句意：但是，这位意志坚强的年轻人拒绝让他的疾病阻止他对生活的热爱，决定进行一系列运动——从攀岩、足球、冰球到游泳，无所不包。thirst for“渴望”是固定短语，故填for。
84．traditionally 85．uses 86．which 87．located
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了工程师发明了一种在夜间也能生产太阳能电力的设备。
84．考查副词。句意：太阳能电板将阳光转化为能量，因此它们只能传统地在白天的时候发挥作用。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，修饰动词work，故应用副词“traditionally传统地”修饰，故填traditionally。
85．考查时态。句意：然而，这一设备使用了一个热电发电机，利用温差产生能量。此处this device作主语，为单数，与谓语动词use之间为主动关系，且根据后文的creates可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填uses。
86．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这就变成了能量，再转化成电能。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为energy，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导，故填which。
87．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一设备对那些离电网很远的地区来说，是很有帮助的。此处作定语，修饰areas，areas与locate之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。
88．had worked 89．What 90．whom
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在一家百货公司工作时，另一位和作者同名的人也加入进来的趣事。
88．考查时态。句意：我在那里工作了一年之后，另一个Barbara加入了工作。由“when another Barbara joined the staff”可知，当另一个Barbara加入了工作时，“我”已经工作一年了，空格处用过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去，因此空格处是had worked。故填had worked。
89．考查主语从句。句意：让我觉得好笑的是小孩子们怎么谈论我。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处指“小孩子们怎么谈论我”这件事，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填What。
90．考查定语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，来百货公司的的人已经习惯了，现在90%的人对我名字的反应是“芭比，你能告诉我吗？”空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词callers是人，因此空格处用whom，故填whom。
91．its 92．seconds 93．is obtained 94．what
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一个热门软件ChatGPT。
91．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：ChatGPT自去年11月推出以来，就立即成为一款热门软件，让用户既感到有趣，又感到担忧。此处应用形容词性物主代词，修饰名词users，故填its。
92．考查名词复数。句意：只要收到一个命令或问题，这个聊天机器人就能在几秒钟内回复令人信服的文章、简单的食谱，甚至是生活建议。second秒，是可数名词，in a matter of seconds在几秒钟之内，固定短语。故填seconds。
93．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这一令人印象深刻的成就是通过一个大型语言模型获得的。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语achievement和动词obtain之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is obtained。
94．考查宾语从句。句意：许多人都想知道这项技术的下一步会是什么，以及这项技术最终会走向何方。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词wondering的宾语，结合句意可知，此处指“下一步会是什么”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
95．where 96．served 97．giving
【导语】本文是说明文。根据一些食品专家的说法，放弃伴随你长大的食物是最难的。每个人的舒适食物在很大程度上取决于他们来的地方，一口安慰的食物带我们回到我们的文化根源，给我们“家的味道”，缓解乡愁。
95．考查定语从句。句意：当然，每个人的舒适食物在很大程度上取决于他们来的地方——对中国人来说，可能是一盘饺子和一碟醋，而对英国人来说，可能是经典的炸鱼薯条，热热的、咸咸的、酸酸的被端上来。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰the place，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故填where。
96．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，serve用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语the classic fish and chips是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填served。
97．考查非谓语动词。句意：一口安慰的食物带我们回到我们的文化根源，给我们“家的味道”，缓解乡愁。分析句子可知，give用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语One mouthful of comfort food是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填giving。2023北京高三一模英语汇编
用单词的适当形式完成短文
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023·北京东城·统考一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On a particular sunny day, little Mykel was determined to learn to ride his bike without the help of training wheels. When the neighborhood kids ____1____ (spot) Mykel shakily controlling his bike, they raced over ____2____ (help). Some held the bike steady while others offered encouragement. Mykel was not alone as he tried to reach his goal of learning to ride his bike! Some things are ____3____ (easy) said than done. However, with a little help from friends, things go better!
（2023·北京东城·统考一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Renewable methods for ____4____ (produce) electricity, such as wind turbines and solar panels, can only provide power on the days ____5____ wind blows or the sun shines. Electric batteries ____6____ (use) to store energy are expensive and can also be polluting. Finnish scientists came up with a simple solution that puts unwanted green electricity to work, heating 100 tons of sand to around 500℃. The sand stays hot for months; when energy ____7____ (require), air can be pumped through it and heated up. The air in turn heats a system that supplies hot water to heat nearby houses.
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My name is Barbara and I work at a department store. I ____8____(work) there for one year when another Barbara joined the staff. Then I changed my name tag from “Barb” to “Barbie”. ____9____made me feel funny was how small kids talked about me. “Is she really Barbie ” they asked. I changed it at my other job, too and began answering the phone, “This is Barbie. How can I help you ” The callers have gotten used to that over time, ninety percent of ____10____now respond with my name: “Barbie, can you tell me.” Pronouncing that long “e” sound forces your mouth into a smile, but I have found the smile is usually returned voluntarily.
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It’s said that for the Englishman, his house is his castle. However, this does not mean that his house is a beautiful palace that others ____11____ (invite) to see. For the British, the home is a place to protect oneself from the outside world. It’s a private place in which he goes to hide away ____12____ the troubles of life. To the American, the home is an expression of ____13____ (he). Much money is often spent on each and every room ____14____ (create) the right “feel” according to the person’s lifestyle. Therefore, he is happy to show his house to others.
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Smoke jumpers are firefighters, trained to fight fires in places that fire engines can’t reach. They travel in small planes and, ____15____(use) a parachute, jump into remote wild areas to fight fires. Smoke jumpers have to respond quickly. While a fire is still small, the pilot ____16____(drop) team members into the area as needed. Their first job may be to build a fire line to stop the fire from spreading. Water is sent down to them. Smoke jumpers must be ____17____(high) trained, very experienced and extremely fit. Their job is very dangerous.
（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I've loved photography since I was a teenager. My parents recorded many home videos of my siblings and me. Cherished family moments 18 (document). Revisiting them was like opening a treasure chest. I'm grateful for these visual records 19 showed our youth and growth. Film had a big influence on me. I love the emotions conveyed by the story on video. For a decade I worked as a freelance filmmaker and photographer. I recorded a wide range of genres，therefore 20 (collect)tens of thousands of images—both still and moving.
（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
“Conventional wisdom tells us that we can feel happier if we smile or that we can get ourselves 21 a more serious mood if we scowl(怒视), "said Nicholas Coles, a PhD at Utah University. His team combined data from 138 studies testing more than 11, 000 participants and found facial 22 _(express) do have impact on feelings. For example, smiling makes people happier，scowling makes them feel angrier, and frowning makes them 23 (sad). These findings are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and body interact 24 (influence) our conscious experience of emotion.
（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
By drawing patterns such as bamboos on the surface of a cup of tea, Chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick 25 (go) viral recently. There are a dozen steps, from grinding tea for fine powder, to pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture for thick froth(泡沫), and finally drawing patterns. Clear water is used to put into the cup. When the water 26 (touch) the surface of tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The process before drawing is known as“diancha". The quality of it is crucial to 27 the patterns can be successfully produced later.
（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My son Zack suffered from autism (自闭症)when he was two. Watching a movie together was an important routine for us. On an ordinary spring day, we were enjoying one of his favorite movies that he ____28____ (see) many times before. I took his hand as usual. Suddenly he stood up and wrapped his arms around me in a big bear hug. You could imagine ____29____ excited I was. Although it was just a hug, it meant a lot to me, ____30____(fill) me with great joy.
（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
This year, the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books, ____31____ theme was “Reading China”, was held on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide. It ____32____(carry) out a variety of activities such as book exhibitions and cultural performances. Books displayed in the exhibition were philosophical and artistic, which closely met the needs of overseas readers. Overall, this year’s book exhibition presented the newest and ____33____(fine) Chinese publications to local readers so that they could better understand China in the new era.
（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
ChatGPT is a new artificial intelligence technology ____34____(create) by Open AI. It enables machines to understand and respond to human conversations in a ____35____(nature) and conversational way. ChatGPT has shaken the tech world since it was opened for public use last year. While it certainly comes across as knowledgeable, it’s far ____36____ perfect. It cannot answer questions about things that have happened recently because it____37____(train) using data from 2021 and before.
（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Wang was born and grew up in America, but she____38____(build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. She is now riding a new trend: mixing and matching modern clothes with traditional Han dress, or hanfu. She has been posting videos of ___39____ (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. “I love hanfu. I’ve made many videos,____40____(aim) to help more people learn about it,” Wang told Beijing Review.
（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Engineers invented a new device to produce solar electricity at night. Solar panels transform sunlight into energy, so they____41____ (traditional) work only during daylight hours. This device, however ____42____(use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature. In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy,_____43_____is transformed into electricity. The device could be helpful in areas____44_____ (locate) far from a power grid (电网).
（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A study showed how much dogs love their owners. In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears____45____(produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners. The team then repeated the experiment, this time with dogs that were reunited with their owners___46____being apart for five hours. The results showed dogs only shed tears during the reunions. The team now wants to find out____47____dogs have a similar emotional response when reunited with other dogs.
（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nick was riding his bike along the Arching River when he noticed something ____48____ (usual) in the water. He took a closer look and saw a pair of fin-like things circling above the river’s surface. ____49____ (confuse) by what he had seen, Nick took a video and posted it on the Internet. Days later, some researchers confirmed that he ____50____ (spot) two dolphins— the first cetacean (鲸目动物) sighted in this river since 2017—and this suggested the efforts to restore the health of the river were paying off.
（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As products of nature, shells have developed a bond with people since the period of cavemen, ____51____ images in the cave paintings show them wearing shells. Today, in Fujian Province, experts are turning the natural gifts into shell-carved artworks by ___52____ (integrate) techniques from jade and wood carving, as well as traditional Chinese painting. In 2021, a shell carving art museum was established, where the craft’s history has been publicized. The experts hope they ____53____ (explore) new techniques in the future to carry this ancient craft forward.
（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since ChatGPT’s launch in November last year, it has become an immediate hit that is both entertaining and alarming ____54____ (it) users. Given a command or question, the chatbot is able to return convincing essays, simple recipes and even life advice in a matter of ____55____ (second). This impressive achievement ____56____ (obtain) by a large language model. Many are wondering ____57____ could be next for this technology and where the technology could end up.
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When I was seven years old, I caught a cold and had to stay at home. My parents had to work, so my neighbor came over to look after me. She read many different books to me ____58____ (patient), including adventures set in ancient times, travel stories, family dramas, historical novels, etc. To my joy, ____59____ (listen) to each book made me feel like watching a movie, but better because books gave much more details than movies. She started my interest in reading. Next year, after graduating from college, I ____60____ (have) a job teaching English. I hope that I can transfer the love of reading to my students.
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Beijing Olympic Park, also ____61____ (know) as the Olympic Green, is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, with a total land area of 11.59 square kilometers. The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest” is the centerpiece of the park, ____62____ the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were hosted. The National Aquatics Center or “Water Cube” hosted the swimming, diving and synchronized swimming events. It was transformed ____63____ the “Ice Cube” for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, and detachable curling tracks were built on the swimming pool to host curling events.
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
World Environment Day (WED) is a day we all need to put in our ____64____ (diary). It happens on June 5 every year and should be one of the most important days of the holiday calendar. WED ____65____ (create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The environment wasn’t such a big issue back then. But it is one of the hottest topics in the world today. WED helps raise worldwide awareness of the threats to our environment. ____66____ people can do that day is to start changing lifestyles to reduce their carbon footprint. Many environmental agencies organize events based on different themes each year. These events encourage both governments and local communities to work together ____67____ (handle) environmental problems.
（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I decided to volunteer for this year’s half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee ____68____ (visit) my school. For the previous weeks, I had been trained on ____69____ to be a volunteer for it.
The exciting race began, Cathy and I waited patiently until word spread that the first runners would be arriving soon, we ____70____ (quick) poured water into the cups for them. After the last runner passed, Cathy and I started clearing up. Tired and wet with sweat, we felt good.
（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
According to some food experts, it is hardest to give up the food you grow up with. Of course, each person’s comfort food largely depends on the place ____71____ they come — for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, ____72____ (serve) hot, salty and sour. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, ____73____ (give) us the “taste of home” and relieving feelings of homesickness.
（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
During the opening ceremony of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, there was a surprise ____74____ (appear) by Hollywood actor Morgan Freeman.
The American superstar ____75____ (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS. It ____76____ (impact) the normal formation of the lower half of the body. But the determined young man refused to let his condition prevent his thirst ____77____ life and decided to take on a range of sports — tackling everything from rock climbing, football, ice hockey to swimming.
参考答案
1．spotted 2．to help 3．easier
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Mykel学习骑自行车时得到周围孩子的帮助的故事。
1．考查一般过去时。句意：当邻居的孩子们发现Mykel摇摇晃晃地控制着他的自行车时，他们跑过去帮忙。根据上文的时间状语“On a particular sunny day”及主句中的“raced”可知，文章是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填spotted。
2．考查动词不定式。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help。
3．考查形容词比较级。句意：有些事说起来容易做起来难。根据than可知此处应用形容词比较级。故填easier。
4．producing 5．when 6．used 7．is required
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了芬兰科学家提出的一个利用沙子的可再生发电方式。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。空前为介词for，故空处需要填动名词doing的形式构成“介宾”结构。故填producing。
5．考查定语从句。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词the days，表“时间”，从句中不缺主、宾、表和定语，故填关系副词。故填when。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：用来储存能量的电池价格昂贵，而且会造成污染。本句已有动词are,且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词与空前名词之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语。故填used。
7．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当需要能量时，空气可以通过它来加热。结合句意可知，此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态即可；动词require和单数主语energy为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be done的形式。故填is required。
8．had worked 9．What 10．whom
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在一家百货公司工作时，另一位和作者同名的人也加入进来的趣事。
8．考查时态。句意：我在那里工作了一年之后，另一个Barbara加入了工作。由“when another Barbara joined the staff”可知，当另一个Barbara加入了工作时，“我”已经工作一年了，空格处用过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去，因此空格处是had worked。故填had worked。
9．考查主语从句。句意：让我觉得好笑的是小孩子们怎么谈论我。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处指“小孩子们怎么谈论我”这件事，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填What。
10．考查定语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，来百货公司的的人已经习惯了，现在90%的人对我名字的反应是“芭比，你能告诉我吗？”空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词callers是人，因此空格处用whom，故填whom。
11．are invited 12．from 13．himself 14．to create
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“房屋”对英国人和美国人分别意味着什么。
11．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然而，这并不意味着他的房子是一个美丽的宫殿，其他人都会被邀请来参观。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语others与invite为动宾关系，表示“被邀请”，故需要用到被动语态；文章为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态。故填are invited。
12．考查介词。句意：这是他躲避生活烦恼的私人场所。结合句意，表示“躲避”为固定短语hide away from。故填from。
13．考查反身代词。句意：对于美国人来说，房屋就是表达他自己的一种方式。结合句意可知，空处需要填反身代词表示“美国人自己”；根据谓语动词is和宾语an expression可知，此处反身代词需要用单数形式，在性别有男有女时，用himself代指。故填himself。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：通常会在每个房间都花很多钱，以根据人们的生活方式来创造一种合适的“感觉”。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is spent，故空处需要填非谓语的形式；结合句意，表示“来……”为目的，故用to do不定式的形式。故填to create。
15．using 16．drops##will drop 17．highly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了跳伞灭火工作人员的工作方式，内容和条件。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们乘坐小型飞机旅行，并使用降落伞跳入偏远的荒野地区灭火。分析句子成分可知，本句的谓语动词为“travel”和“jump”，连词为“and”，故提示词应为非谓语动词。照应主语“They”，为逻辑上的主动关系，故用doing形式作方式状语。故填using。
16．考查谓语动词。句意：当火势还很小时，飞行员会根据需要将队员空投到该地区。分析句子成分可知，本句为“While”引导的时间状语从句，主将从现，故主句应用一般将来时。另外，本句也可理解为客观描述，可用一般现在时。故填drops/will drop。
17．考查副词。句意：跳伞灭火员必须训练有素，非常有经验和非常健康。根据空前后为谓语动词“must be trained”可知，应为副词修饰动词。故填highly。
18. were documented 19. that/which 20. collecting 21. in/into 22. expressions
23. sadder 24. to influence 25. has gone 26. touches 27. Whether
28．had seen 29．how 30．filling
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子患有自闭症，某天他们一起看电影的时候儿子拥抱了作者，让作者非常触动和高兴。
28．考查时态。句意：在一个普通的春日，我们正在欣赏他最喜欢的电影之一，他以前看过很多次。根据后文many times before可知表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had seen。
29．考查宾语从句。句意：突然，他站了起来，紧紧地抱住我。你可以想象我有多兴奋。引导宾语从句，表示“多么激动”应用how excited。故填how。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然只是一个拥抱，但它对我来说意义重大，让我充满了巨大的喜悦。分析句子结构可知fill与逻辑主语hug构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填filling。
31．whose 32．carried 33．finest
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以“读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书展，并且介绍了活动内容及展出书目等详细情况。
31．考查定语从句。句意：今年，以“读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书展于1月24日在全球85家书店举行。分析句子可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，因此需使用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
32．考查时态。句意：此次图书展将会开展书展、文艺演出等多种活动。分析句子可知，空处与主语it构成主动关系且陈述过去事实，因此可使用过去式。故填carried。
33．考查形容词最高级。句意：总的来说，今年的书展向当地读者展示了最新、最好的中国出版物，让他们更好地了解新时代的中国。由并列连词and和the newest（最新的）可知，空处应使用形容词最高级。故填finest。
34．created 35．natural 36．from 37．is trained
【导语】这是一篇说明文。ChatGPT是Open AI创造的一种新的人工智能技术。它使机器能够以自然和对话的方式理解和回应人类的对话。自去年开放给公众使用以来，ChatGPT已经撼动了科技界。虽然它看起来很有知识，但它远非完美。它无法回答关于最近发生的事情的问题，因为它使用的是2021年及之前的数据。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：ChatGPT是Open AI创造的一种新的人工智能技术。分析句子结构可知create与逻辑主语a new artificial intelligence technology构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填created。
35．考查形容词。句意：它使机器能够以自然和对话的方式理解和回应人类的对话。修饰名词way应用形容词natural，作定语。故填natural。
36．考查介词。句意：虽然它看起来很有知识，但它远非完美。短语far from表示“远非”。故填from。
37．考查时态语态。句意：它无法回答关于最近发生的事情的问题，因为它使用的是2021年及之前的数据。主语与谓语构成被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为it，谓语用单数。故填is trained。
38．has built 39．herself 40．aiming
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了出生在美国的王女士从小就喜欢中国文化，她经常上传自己穿着汉服的视频，她说她喜欢汉服，想要更多的人了解它。
38．考查时态。句意：王女士出生并长在美国，但是从她是个小女孩的时候，她就和中国文化产生了牢固的联系。此处主语为she，build为谓语动词，主语she与build之间为主动关系，且根据后文的时间状语从句since she was a little girl可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has built。
39．考查代词。句意：她一直在网上上传她穿着汉服的视频，这吸引了很多喜欢中国生活方式的人。此处of是介词，后跟宾语，且主语为she，此处意为“她自己”，故应用反身代词herself作宾语，故填herself。
40．考查现在分词。句意：我录了很多视频，是为了帮助更多的人了解它。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，aim与主语I之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，故填aiming。
41．traditionally 42．uses 43．which 44．located
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了工程师发明了一种在夜间也能生产太阳能电力的设备。
41．考查副词。句意：太阳能电板将阳光转化为能量，因此它们只能传统地在白天的时候发挥作用。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，修饰动词work，故应用副词“traditionally传统地”修饰，故填traditionally。
42．考查时态。句意：然而，这一设备使用了一个热电发电机，利用温差产生能量。此处this device作主语，为单数，与谓语动词use之间为主动关系，且根据后文的creates可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填uses。
43．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这就变成了能量，再转化成电能。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为energy，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导，故填which。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一设备对那些离电网很远的地区来说，是很有帮助的。此处作定语，修饰areas，areas与locate之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。
45．were produced 46．after 47．whether##if
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究显示狗狗有多爱它们的主人。在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。然后，研究小组重复了这个实验，这次是在分别5小时后与主人团聚的狗。结果显示，狗只在团聚时流泪。研究小组现在想知道，当狗和其他狗团聚时，是否会有类似的情绪反应
45．考查时态语态。句意：在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。根据“they were”可知，主句为一般过去时，主语tears与谓语produce为被动关系。故填were produced。
46．考查介词。句意：然后，研究小组重复了这个实验，这次是在分别5小时后与主人团聚的狗。根据句意可知，空处填介词after。故填after。
47．考查连接词。句意：研究小组现在想知道，当狗和其他狗团聚时，是否会有类似的情绪反应。find out后接宾语从句，根据句意可知，表示“是否”，用连接词whether或者if。故填whether/if。
48．unusual 49．Confused 50．had spotted##spotted
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nick在河中发现鲸目动物，说明环境得到了改善。
48．考查形容词。句意：Nick沿着拱门河骑着自行车，突然他注意到河里有不寻常的东西。something是一个不定代词，后面一般加的是形容词。结合句意，用形容词unusual，表示“不同寻常的”。故填unusual。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：Nick对他所看到的感到困惑，他拍了一段视频并发布在网上。be confused by对……困惑，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词形式。故填Confused。
50．考查时态。句意：几天后，一些研究人员证实，他发现了两只海豚，这是自2017年以来在这条河中发现的第一只鲸类动物，这表明恢复河流健康的努力正在取得成效。根据时间状语可知，从句的动作发生在主句过去动作confirmed之前，所以用过去完成时。或者表示陈述过去事实，所以也可用一般过去时。故填had spotted/spotted。
51．whose 52．integrating 53．will explore
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍将贝壳作为艺术品。
51．考查定语从句。句意：贝壳作为自然的产物，自穴居人时期就与人类产生了联系，洞穴壁画中的穴居人就穿着贝壳。句中先行词为cavemen，在非限定性定语从句中作名词images的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
52．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，在福建省，专家们将玉雕、木雕以及中国传统绘画的技术结合起来，将这些天然礼物变成了贝壳雕刻艺术品。介词by后接动名词形式。故填integrating。
53．考查时态。句意：专家们希望他们能在未来探索新的技术，将这项古老的工艺发扬光大。根据时间状语in the future可知，用一般将来时。故填will explore。
54．its 55．seconds 56．is obtained 57．what
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一个热门软件ChatGPT。
54．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：ChatGPT自去年11月推出以来，就立即成为一款热门软件，让用户既感到有趣，又感到担忧。此处应用形容词性物主代词，修饰名词users，故填its。
55．考查名词复数。句意：只要收到一个命令或问题，这个聊天机器人就能在几秒钟内回复令人信服的文章、简单的食谱，甚至是生活建议。second秒，是可数名词，in a matter of seconds在几秒钟之内，固定短语。故填seconds。
56．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这一令人印象深刻的成就是通过一个大型语言模型获得的。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语achievement和动词obtain之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is obtained。
57．考查宾语从句。句意：许多人都想知道这项技术的下一步会是什么，以及这项技术最终会走向何方。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词wondering的宾语，结合句意可知，此处指“下一步会是什么”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
58．patiently 59．listening 60．will have##am going to have
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候，邻居激发了作者的阅读兴趣。
58．考查副词。句意：她耐心地给我读了很多不同的书，包括古代冒险故事、旅行故事、家庭剧、历史小说等。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填patiently。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：让我高兴的是，每听一本书都让我感觉像在看电影，但更好，因为书比电影提供了更多的细节。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填listening。
60．考查时态。句意：明年，大学毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。根据时间状语Next year可知，用一般将来时。故填will have/am going to have。
61．known 62．where 63．into##to
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了北京奥林匹克公园。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：北京奥林匹克公园，又称奥林匹克公园，位于北京市朝阳区，总土地面积11.59平方公里。根据句子分析可知，此处作定语，主语Beijing Olympic Park与know之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。
62．考查定语从句。句意：著名的国家体育馆或者“鸟巢”是公园的中心，在这里举办了2022年北京冬奥会的开幕式和闭幕式。根据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest”，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导。故填where。
63．考查介词。句意：为2022年北京冬奥会和残运会，将它改造成了“冰立方”，并在游泳池上建造了可拆卸的冰壶跑道，以举办冰壶比赛。根据句意可知，此处意为“转变为，改变为”，表达为be transformed into/to。故填into/to。
64．diaries 65．was created 66．What 67．to handle
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日。
64．考查名词的数。句意：世界环境日是我们每个人都需要记在日记里的一天。名词diary为可数名词，根据形容词性物主代词our可知，用名词的复数形式。故填diaries。
65．考查时态语态。句意：世界环境日由联合国大会于1972年创立。根据时间状语in 1972可知，用一般过去时。主语WED是单数，与create之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was created。
66．考查名词性从句。句意：人们在这一天能做的就是开始改变生活方式来减少碳足迹。本句为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。
67．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些活动鼓励政府和当地社区共同努力解决环境问题。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填to handle。
68．visited 69．how 70．quickly
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加今年的半程马拉松比赛志愿者活动的过程。
68．考查动词时态。句意：在组委会主席参观我的学校后，我决定志愿参加今年的半程马拉松比赛。句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填visited。
69．考查疑问词。句意：在之前的几周里，我一直在接受如何成为一名志愿者的培训。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用“疑问词+to do”结构，作on的宾语，表示“如何”，应用how。故填how。
70．考查副词。句意：激动人心的比赛开始了，凯茜和我耐心地等待着，直到第一批选手即将到来的消息传开，我们迅速地把水倒进杯子里。此处修饰动词poured，应用副词，作状语。故填quickly。
71．where 72．served 73．giving
【导语】本文是说明文。根据一些食品专家的说法，放弃伴随你长大的食物是最难的。每个人的舒适食物在很大程度上取决于他们来的地方，一口安慰的食物带我们回到我们的文化根源，给我们“家的味道”，缓解乡愁。
71．考查定语从句。句意：当然，每个人的舒适食物在很大程度上取决于他们来的地方——对中国人来说，可能是一盘饺子和一碟醋，而对英国人来说，可能是经典的炸鱼薯条，热热的、咸咸的、酸酸的被端上来。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰the place，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故填where。
72．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，serve用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语the classic fish and chips是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填served。
73．考查非谓语动词。句意：一口安慰的食物带我们回到我们的文化根源，给我们“家的味道”，缓解乡愁。分析句子可知，give用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语One mouthful of comfort food是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填giving。
74．appearance 75．was spotted 76．impacts 77．for
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了卡塔尔世界杯与超级巨星摩根弗里曼一起出现的卡塔尔男孩——身残志坚的Al Muftah。
74．考查名词。句意：在2022年卡塔尔世界杯的开幕式上，好莱坞演员摩根·弗里曼 (Morgan Freeman) 惊奇现身。不定冠词修饰单数名词，故填appearance。
75．考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这位美国超级巨星和一位身体有缺陷的年轻卡塔尔男孩一起出现。分析句子可知，spot作谓语，与主语superstar是被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填was spotted。
76．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它影响下半身的正常形成。分析句子可知，impact作谓语，it指代上文提到的CRS，主语和谓语之间是主动关系，且主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，讲述事实用一般现在时，故填impacts。
77．考查介词。句意：但是，这位意志坚强的年轻人拒绝让他的疾病阻止他对生活的热爱，决定进行一系列运动——从攀岩、足球、冰球到游泳，无所不包。thirst for“渴望”是固定短语，故填for。