2024届高三英语复习：2023学年北京高三二模英语汇编（9分打包，含答案）

2023北京高三二模英语汇编
阅读理解A篇
（2023 北京东城 统考二模）Pacific Science Center fieldtrips have gone virtual! Bring the fun and excitement of a PacSci fieldtrip to your students while engaging them with enriching content designed to enhance your curriculum (课程) and arouse their curiosity. PacSci’s educators join your classroom live from our Curiosity Studio, and lead students through live sessions featuring some of your favorite STEAM activities. Each program is 40 minutes long. We may be able to accommodate shorter or longer programs to fit your needs!
AVAILABLE PROGRAMS
Piece of Mind
Cost: $ 300
Maximum Number of Participants: 40
Best for Grades: 6-10
Description: Be inspired by the power of the brain as students learn how it controls memory, movement, and sight. Discover how the brain functions through live activities and fun puzzles, and see a real human brain sample!
Stick the Landing
Cost: $500 (includes 3 sessions)
Maximum Number of Participants: 30
Best for Grades: 9-12
Description: Over the course of 3 sessions, use the steps of the engineering design process to build a model of a Mar slander. Dive into past and future missions to Mars and carefully consider the criteria and restrictions for real Mars missions. Learn how engineers are just one of the many careers that contribute to complex solar system missions.
Night Sky Tonight
Cost Varies by Group Size
·1-99 participants: $ 250
·100-199 participants: $ 350
·200+participants: $550
Maximum Number of Participants: Unlimited
Best for Grades: 3-12
Description: Become a true backyard astronomer. Learn how living on a giant spinning ball changes what can be seen each night. Discover how to find stars, and even how the sky can be used to find directions!
Ecosystem Investigators
Cost: $ 200
Maximum Number of Participants: 50
Best for Grades: 3-8
Description: Work as a team to create a virtual ecosystem model revealing how living and non-living parts connect and interact in an aquatic (水生的) environment. Using new knowledge about ecosystem interactions, become a wetland scientist and explore the relationship between organisms in a real pond sample. For more details, please check out our Program Requirements.
1. What can we learn about Pacific Science Center fieldtrips
A. Each program is for one certain grade.
B. The expense for each program varies.
C. The length for each program is unchangeable.
D. Every program has a max number of participants.
2. Cooperation is needed in the program__________.
A. Piece of Mind B. Stick the Landing
C. Night Sky Tonight D. Ecosystem Investigators
3. The passage is intended for__________.
A. tour guides B. research scientists
C. school teachers D. program designers
（2023 北京西城 统考二模）TEAN is committed to giving students a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience studying abroad in a new and exciting culture. We recognize that in many instances additional funding is necessary to make the study abroad experience both affordable and realistic. These scholarships were created as an attempt to help students with the financial commitments required for an international education experience.
TEAN provides numerous scholarships, including an annual full ride scholarship, need- and merit-based scholarships, diversity scholarships, even a photography scholarship, plus others.
TEAN FULL RIDE SCHOLARSHIP
The Education Abroad Network Full Ride Scholarship is designed to give a stand-out student the opportunity to study abroad. The scholarship can be used for any Summer or Fall TEAN program and covers tuition, program fees, orientation and housing.
REQUIREMENTS
Students must have their study abroad office complete the Statement from University form in order to be considered for the scholarship.
Must meet GPA (Grade Point Average) requirement for the individual program that they want to attend.
Must be a university student in the United States.
Students can only apply for the scholarship once per application cycle; applicants should select their top program choice when applying for the scholarship.
Scholarship applications received after the deadline will not be considered.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Will be based on the overall application materials, including a personal essay addressing the following question:“Why have you selected this program How is it tied to your major ”
Applications will be judged by a panel of TEAN staff members.
Assessment will be based on the following: excellence in academics, active participation in extra-curricular activities, achievement in leadership skills, awareness of the value of international education and the personal essay.
No interview required.
APPLICATION DEADLINE
June 1,202321
4. TEAN can help students_________.
A. travel abroad
B. save money for the future
C. experience overseas education
D. understand popular foreign culture
5. To get the TEAN Full Ride Scholarship, a student must_________.
A.be an American citizen
B. submit an application by June 1,2023
C. fill out the Statement from University form
D. turn in an application twice during an application cycle
6.An applicant going for the full ride scholarship is more likely to be accepted, if _________.
A. he performs well academically
B. he does excellently in the interview
C. he chooses a program unrelated to his major
D. he obtains an outstanding recommendation essay
（2023 北京海淀 统考二模）Whether you're managing medications, daily vitamins or other oral treatments, LiveFine takes the guesswork out of your routine with the ultimate efficiency and reliability system.
This WiFi-enabled Smart Organizer makes taking, tracking, and managing your medication simple—easy dosage templates (药剂模板)allow you to dispense(分配)pills anywhere from once up to nine times a day.28 spacious sections hold multiple pills, tablets, and capsules in each part, removing the need for regular refills, which is perfect for prescriptions, supplements, vitamins, aspirin, antibiotics, etc.
The user guide provides comprehensive instructions for how to set up. In short, just fill the slots, install your preferred rings, and receive alerts. You can even customize audio and visual device alerts— plus notifications, alarms, and reminders and make missed doses a thing of the past! Just choose from multiple unique device alarm tones and adjust the volume to meet your precise needs.
Use the LiveFine mobile app reminders for added reliability, which takes patient monitoring to another level, with notifications when medications are taken or the dispenser cover is opened. Plus, the app provides simple review of past doses, with times recorded for each administered dose and an ultra-convenient remote monitoring option to help your family members and caregivers check on your progress straight from their phones.
Discover peace of mind with the dispenser that does it all—click here and add a LiveFine Smart WiFi Pill Dispenser to your cart today!
Extended LiveFine Features List Secure Cover The transparent design makes monitoring pills easy, while the lid's manual key lock enhances security to prevent theft, spills, and mix-ups. Effortless Setup Just add your device to the app with a click. Then plan with simple button controls and an XLLCD display that make timing easy. Easy-Read LCD An LCD screen provides first-glance updates on the current time, upcoming alerts, battery life, and more. Large buttons, letters, and numbers are great for seniors. Plug-in Usage with Short Term Backup Battery Powered by included Type-C cable with rechargeable battery for backup power that supports 2-3 days use of device, in case of unexpected power outages.
7. LiveFine is a device that can__________
A. ensure efficient medical refills
B. reduce the need to see a doctor
C. remind users to track their daily routine
D. make it easier for users to take medicine
8. How can a LiveFine mobile app help the users
A. By recording users' dosage activities.
B. By personalizing users' rings and alerts.
C. By opening the dispenser cover remotely.
D. By keeping record of the symptoms of users.
9. What additional feature does the device have
A. Its backup battery lasts for a week.
B. Its buttons prevent mix-ups of medicine.
C. Its lid reminds users to take medicine in time.
D. Its LCD screen makes it friendly to the elderly.
（2023 北京朝阳 统考二模）Columbia Engineering’s Summer High School Academic Program for Engineers (SHAPE) is a selective pre-college program for high school students and recent graduates. SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Each 3-week session offers college-level, project-based courses in engineering taught by celebrated professors at the university.
SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there. Courses
SHAPE features creative problem-solving courses and exposes students to innovative engineering techniques and knowledge presented by professors. Please note that SHAPE does not provide college credit.
Students gain access to the famous MakerSpace and state-of-the-art research laboratories after completing the safety training and will only do so under close guidance.
SHAPE also provides students with workshops to explore career fields, professional development, and guidance on sharpening one’s college application from admissions officers. Students in the program will be visiting companies and organizations that show the classroom content in practice.
Application
Students are selected based on the following criteria:
1. Strong academic record
2. Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc.
3. Enthusiastic letter of recommendation submitted by a math or science teacher
4. Creative responses to two required questions and one of the three optional questions
We encourage all students to apply by the priority deadline of June 15, 2023, so there is no application fee. After the priority deadline, a $50 application fee is required.
SHAPE is dedicated to supporting students and their families in need of financial assistance. We offer a limited number of need-based scholarships, which cover the full cost of SHAPE. To be considered for a need-based scholarship, families will need to provide a recent pay receipt and complete a Family Income and Expense Worksheet.
Email: shape@columbia.edu for more information.
10. What can we learn about SHAPE
A. It suits students talented in STEM.
B. It shows the procedure of learning STEM.
C. It serves as the start of students’ college life.
D. It gives students chances to work with engineers.
11. In SHAPE, students can __________.
A. be free to explore the MakerSpace
B. earn college credit for future study
C. put school knowledge into practice
D. be equipped with skills for engineering
12. To secure a place in SHAPE, students need to __________.
A. show their family financial state B. answer all the given questions
C. pay application fees before deadline D. prove their learning capability
（2023 北京丰台 统考二模）Become a Competent Medical Writer in 4 Weeks!
Hurry! This offer ends soon! Claim your spot TODAY!
Three years ago, I started a family and have experienced financial stress since then. I could pay my bills alright, but that was all I could do. I couldn’t even afford a family holiday.
Fortunately, I discovered medical writing. I learned that it was about writing scientific documents. And I felt I had the necessary skills to start medical writing as a side hustle (副业). By the end of the year, I had my first contract as a freelance medical writer. I felt really secure financially and career-wise.
Today, we’ve observed more medical writers are wanted. So, in collaboration with some colleagues, we’ve prepared the most important lessons to help you become a competent medical writer: (By Alex)
The Complete Medical Writing Training
This online course is perfect for people with a life science degree. Here’s the full course outline.
Week 1 The scientific writing process
Introduction to medical writing: Learn about medical writing and decide your path The writing process: How to write the scientific document in four simple steps Researching to write: Find reliable sources easily to inform your medical writing and identify brilliant ideas from the literature
Week 2 Writing effectively
Outlining to write: The simplest strategy to structure any document perfectly for easier writing and better flow
Referencing: Learn when to cite and how to use common referencing styles and automate your referencing using online tools
Week 3 Other essentials
Scientific research: Update yourself on various clinical research approaches, designs and methods for better medical writing output
Essential biostatistics: How to use common statistical terms from the medical literature correctly in your writing
Week 4 Writing assignments
There are 8 marked writing assignments with feedback to help you improve your writing.
13. Why did Alex start medical writing
A. To improve medical skills. B. To have more leisure time.
C. To get out of financial trouble. D. To prepare for the writing training.
14. What will people learn by attending the courses
A. The ways of evaluating the assignments.
B. The steps of writing a scientific document.
C. The skills in using online writing correction tools.
D. The strategies for structuring medical knowledge.
15. What’s the main purpose of the passage
A. To attract people to the training course.
B. To share the content of the writing course.
C. To introduce the benefits of medical writing.
D. To emphasize the importance of medical writing.
（2023 北京昌平 统考二模）Every event here features a noted scientist who discusses a different cosmic （宇宙的）topic. They will be presented with a livestream to our Science World official website and questions can be asked in the website chat.
Black Holes
7:30 PM-8:30 PM, May.19,2023
Description：Most galaxies（星系）have a supermassive black hole at their center. These black holes help determine how galaxies will develop over time. Join Dr. Ansel Netscher for an outline of black holes. You can also explore how supermassive black holes may decide the development of galaxies.
The Webb Imagery
8:00 PM -9:30 PM, May.28,2023
Description: The amazing visions have attracted the world. But there's a long and involved process by which scientists' black-and-white observational data is transformed into dynamic color imagery for the public. Join image specialist Ralph Wilson as he discusses the art and science of translating infrared light.
Hunt for Distant Worlds
7:00 PM -8:00 PM, Jun.3,2023
Description: Since the discovery of the first planet orbiting a Sun-like star in 1995, more than 4,000 exoplanets have been found. These widespread planet systems confirm that our solar system is just one of many in our Milky Way galaxy. The discovery of such systems has provided interesting insights, challenging our views about how planet systems form and develop. Join Dr. Amanda Garcia as she describes the scientific hunt for these distant worlds.
Mars and Beyond
10:00 AM-11:30 AM, Jun.4,2023
Description: Will we ever reach Mars And what will it take to travel to other stars Dr. Camille Lopez will meet these questions with a speech of what we can expect in the next 30 years. It's based on what is practical and reasonable when we consider the biological, economic, and philosophical concerns that connect with the engineering challenges of. space habitation and exploration.
16.Interested in the development of planet or star system, you can choose
① Black Holes
② The Webb Imagery
③Hunt for Distant Worlds
④ Mars and Beyond
A.①④
B.②④
C.①③
D.②③
17.What will you learn from Mars and Beyond
A. Prospect of space travel.
B. Application of art to science.
C. The origin and future of Mars.
D. Detailed plan of space habitation.
18.What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To publicize online public lectures.
B. To compare events of studying science.
C. To stress the importance of space exploration.
D. To expand people's knowledge about universe.
参考答案
1. B 2. D 3. C
4. C 5. B 6. A
7. D 8. A 9. D
10．A 11．D 12．D
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是帮助读者成为医学作家的课程。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据正文第一段的“Three years ago, I started a family and have experienced financial stress since then. I could pay my bills alright, but that was all I could do. I couldn’t even afford a family holiday.(三年前，我组建了家庭，从那时起我就经历了经济压力。我可以支付我的账单，但这是我所能做的。我甚至负担不起一次家庭度假。)”和第二段的“And I felt I had the necessary skills to start medical writing as a side hustle (副业). By the end of the year; I had my first contract as a freelance medical writer. I felt really secure financially and career-wise.(我觉得我有必要的技能开始医学写作作为副业。到年底，我的第一份合同是自由医学作家。我觉得经济上和事业上都很安全。)”可知，Alex开始医学写作是为了摆脱财政困境。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据Week 1 The scientific writing process部分的“The writing process: How to write the scientific document in four simple steps(写作过程:如何用四个简单的步骤来写科学论文)”可知，通过参加这些课程，人们能学到撰写科学文献的步骤。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据标题“Become a Competent Medical Writer in 4 Weeks!Hurry! This offer ends soon! Claim your spot TODAY!(在4周内成为一名称职的医学作家！快点！优惠马上结束！今天就获得你的学位！)”可知，本文是一篇广告，旨在宣传帮助读者成为医学作家的课程，因此本文的目的是吸引人们参加培训课程，故选A。
16. C 17. A 18. A2023北京高三二模英语汇编
阅读理解C篇
（2023 北京东城 统考二模）Besides the theory of evolution, Charles Darwin was also responsible for the theory of emotion, the most important principle of which was that the mind consists of two competing forces, the rational(理性的)and the emotional. He believed emotions played a part in the lives of non-human animals, but in humans emotions were a very small remaining part whose usefulness had been largely replaced by the evolution of reason.
This theory dominated his field for more than a century, but it was dead wrong. We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions.
Consider a pioneering 2020 study in which researchers analyzed the work of 118 professional traders at four investment banks. Some were highly successful, but many were not. The researchers’ goal was to understand what differentiated the two groups. Their conclusion The traders had different attitudes toward emotions.
The relatively less successful traders for the most part denied that emotions had an effect on their decision-making. The most successful traders, in contrast, had a different attitude. They showed a great willingness to reflect on their emotion-driven behaviour. They recognised that emotion and good decision-making were linked. Accepting that emotions were necessary for high performance, they tended to reflect critically about the role of emotion. Though the successful traders accepted the positive and essential role emotions played, they understood that when emotions become too intense it is useful to know how to tone them down. The issue for them was not how to avoid emotion, but how to harness it.
If emotions aid rational reasoning, how does that work Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you aren’t. People aren’t usually aware of it, but the very framework of their thought process is highly influenced by what they’re feeling at the time. As the Caltech neuroscientist Ralph Adolphs puts it: “Each emotion is a functional state of the mind that puts your brain in a particular mode of operation that adjusts your goals, directs your attention, and modifies(调整) the weights you assign to various factors as you do mental calculations.
The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution: humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. Want to fare better Value and regulate your emotion.
1. Based on the study, successful traders would__________.
A. reveal their hidden emotions
B. owe their success to emotions
C. review decisions depending on emotions
D. examine their actions influenced by emotions
2. What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A. Control and use. B. Analyse and release.
C. Face and adapt to. D. Understand and accept.
3. According to Paragraph 5, which of the following is the best example of Ralph Adolphs’ words
A. Confidence may expose one to more chances.
B. Depression will consume one’s energy.
C. Anger may lead one to risk-seeking.
D. Optimism will affect one’s health.
4. What is mainly discussed in the passage
A. The contributing factors to emotions.
B. The workable strategies of emotions.
C. The working principle of emotions.
D. The constructive role of emotions.
（2023 北京西城 统考二模）Laughing together is an important way for people to connect and bond. And though the causes of laughter can vary widely across individuals and groups, the sound of a laugh is usually recognizable between people belonging to different cultures.
But what about animals Do they “laugh” And are the causes of animal and human laughter alike In humans, people may laugh when they hear a joke, or when they see something that they think is funny, though it's unknown if animals' intelligence includes what humans would call a sense of humor.
However, many animals produce sounds during play that are unique to that pleasant social interaction. Researchers consider such vocalizations to be similar to human laughter. Recently, scientists investigated play vocalization to see how common it was among animals. The team identified 65 species that “laughed”while playing-most were mammals（哺乳动物）， but a few bird species demonstrated playful laughter too. Reports of playful laughter were notably absent in studies describing fish, perhaps because there is some question as to whether or not play exists at all in that animal group. This new study could help scientists to analyze the origins of human laughter.
But how can we identify play Unlike fighting, play is usually repetitive and happens independently of other social behaviors, said lead study author Sasha Winkler, a doctor of biological anthropology at the University of California. When it comes to identifying it, “you know it when you see it,” Winkler told Live Science. One sign is that primates-our closest relatives-have a “play face” that is similar to the expressions of humans who are playing.
When Winkler previously worked with rhesus macaques, she had noticed that the monkeys panted（喘气）quietly while playing. Many other primates are also known to vocalize during play, she said, so a hypothesis (laughter in humans is thought to have originated during play) supported by the play-related panting laughter of many primate species was put forward.
People now still laugh during play, but we also integrate laughter into language and non-play behaviors, using laughter in diverse ways to express a range of emotions that may be positive or negative. Human laughter notably differs from other animals' laughter in another important way: its volume. People broadcast their laughter loudly, often as a way of establishing inclusion. By comparison, when most animals laugh, the sound is very quiet-just loud enough to be heard by the laugher's partner.
“It's really fascinating that so many animals have a similar function of vocalization during play,” Winkler told Live Science. “But we do have these unique parts of human laughter that are also an important area for future study.”
5. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To explain causes of animal and human laughter.
B. To assess complexities regarding animal laughter.
C. To present findings on the existence of animal laughter.
D. To analyze differences between animal and human laughter.
6.What can we learn from this passage
A. Animal laughter is even noticeable in fish.
B. Animal laughter is hard to recognize during play.
C. People have learned to combine play with laughter.
D. People laugh loudly because they want to involve others.
7. What is probably the focus of future study on laughter
A. Distinctive features of human laughter.
B. Different functions of animal laughter.
C. The origin and development of human laughter.
D. The relationship between animal laughter and intelligence.
（2023 北京海淀 统考二模）Even people who tend to think conventionally, such as accountants, can be creative, a recent study suggests, if they can look at emotional situations in a different light. In a set of experiments, researchers found that conventional thinkers came up with more creative ideas than peers after they practised “emotional reappraisal”. This means viewing a situation through another emotional lens, such as trying to see an anger-inducing event as one that is neutral or hopeful.
The study indicates that creativity is something that can be trained. “Whenever we break away from our existing perspective and try to think about something that's different from our initial reaction, there's a creative element to it. If we can practise or train that flexible-thinking muscle, it may help us be more creative over time,” said lead author Lily Zhu, an assistant professor at Washington State University.
For the study, Zhu and her colleagues conducted two similar experiments. In the first experiment with 335 people recruited through a crowdsourcing platform, the participants were first ranked on their openness levels and then shown a film scene designed to elicit (引起)anger. While viewing, they were given different instructions: to suppress their emotions, to think about something else to distract themselves or to try emotional reappraisal—looking at the scene through another lens. Some were also given no instruction on how to regulate their feelings.
After viewing the film, the participants were asked to come up with an idea to use an empty space in their building. Those ideas were then evaluated by a panel of experts who did not know anything about the participants. Ideas such as using the space for “napping capsules” were considered highly creative whereas ideas like opening a similar cafeteria as before were considered low in creativity.
The next experiment had a different group of 177 participants write about an experience that made them angry. They were then tasked with either writing about it again from a different emotional perspective or writing about something else as a distraction.
In both experiments, conventional thinking participants who tried emotional reappraisal came up with more creative ideas than other conventional thinkers who used suppression, distraction or no emotional regulation strategy at all. Notably, for participants who were considered creative thinkers to begin with, emotional reappraisal did not seem to have much effect on their creativity.
As to the implications of the study, Zhu suggested that supervisors in workplace should develop trainings to cultivate creative thinking skills in employees. Individuals can also practise emotional reappraisal when confronted with a crisis or challenge instead of suppressing negative emotions.
8. Which of the following is most probably an example of emotional reappraisal
A. Considering an occurrence objectively.
B. Taking one's success as an opportunity.
C. Distracting oneself from an annoying event.
D. Regarding disappointment as a turning point.
9.From the study, we know that__________
A. creative thinkers' creativity was enhanced after practising emotional reappraisal
B. evaluating experts had adequate information about the research subjects
C. the research findings could be applied to the training of employees
D. the first experiment aimed to select the most creative design
10. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Change Feelings to Boost Creativity
B. Effective Strategies to Manage Emotions
C. Think Over to Explore Creative Potential
D. A New Way to Remove Negative Emotions
（2023 北京朝阳 统考二模）Researchers from a U.K. plant research institute have found a way to provide plants with an antibody-based defense for a specific threat, potentially speeding the creation of crops resistant to any kind of emerging virus, or bacterium (细菌). The strategy is to inoculate a protein from the plant pathogen (病原体) to be targeted to a camel or other camel relatives, purify the unusually small antibodies the camels produce, and engineer the corresponding gene section for them into a plant’s own immune gene.
Farmers lose many billions of dollars to plant diseases each year, and emerging pathogens pose new threats to food security in the developing world. Plants have evolved their own immune system, kick-started by cell receptors that recognize general pathogen features, such as a bacterial cell wall, as well as intracellular receptors for molecules (分子) produced by specific pathogens. If a plant cell detects these molecules, it may trigger its own death to save the rest of the plant. But plant pathogens often evolve and escape from those receptors.
A long-standing dream in plant biotechnology is to create designer disease resistance genes that could be produced as fast as pathogens emerge. One approach is to edit the gene for a plant immune receptor, changing the protein’s shape to recognize a particular pathogenic molecule.
Instead, Sophien Kamoun, a molecular biologist at the Sainsbury Laboratory, and his colleagues used an animal immune system to help make the receptor adjustments. During an infection with a new pathogen, animals produce billions of slightly different antibodies, ultimately selecting and mass-producing those that best target the virus.
Camelids, which include camels, are workhorses for antibody design because their immune systems create unusually small versions, called nano-bodies. As a proof of principle of the new plant defense strategy, Kamoun’s group turned to two standard camelid nano-bodies that recognize two different molecules, including one called green fluorescent protein (GFP), to detect test viruses, in this case a potato virus, engineered to make the fluorescent proteins. They investigated how well plants with the nano-body-enhanced receptors detected the changed potato viruses. It was found that the plants increased an active immune response and experienced almost no viral reproduction.
“The exciting part about this technology is that we have the potential of made-to-order resistance genes and keeping up with a pathogen,” Kamoun says. “This technology is a potential game changer,” says Jeff Dangl, a plant researcher at the University of North Carolina. Ksenia Krasileva, a scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, says the mixture of nano-bodies with plant immune receptors opens up a vast body of biomedical knowledge for plant scientists. “We can now dig into all of that research and translate it to save crops.”
11. What does the underlined word “inoculate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Compare. B. Restore. C. Introduce. D. Label.
12. What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2
A. To illustrate the function of cells in saving the plant.
B. To explain how to strengthen plant receptors effectively.
C. To demonstrate the solutions to farmers’ annual heavy losses.
D. To reveal why plants fail to handle constantly-updated diseases.
13. What can we learn from the passage
A. Editing plant receptors is to match the shape of pathogens.
B. Nano-bodies can help plants catch up with pathogen changes.
C. Plants select the best antibodies from animals to fight viruses.
D. Plants with nano-bodies respond actively in massive virus copying.
14. According to the passage, scientists will __________.
A. apply the outcome in the real world
B. prove the findings of resistance genes
C. identify similar means to fight diseases
D. seek more support for the new strategy
（2023 北京丰台 统考二模）Newspapers, advertisements, and labels surround us everywhere, turning our environment into a mass of texts to be read or ignored. As the quantity of information we receive continually increases and as information spreading is shifting from page to screen, it may be time to ask how changes in our way of reading may affect our mental life. For how we receive information bears vitally on the ways we experience and interpret reality.
What is most obvious in the evolution of reading is the gradual displacement of the vertical (垂直的) by the horizontal—a shift from intensive to extensive reading. In our culture, access is not a problem, but proliferation (激增) is. And the reading act is necessarily different than it was in its earliest days. Awed by the availability of texts, the reader tends to move across surfaces without allowing the words to resonate (共鸣) inwardly.
Interestingly, this shift from vertical to horizontal parallels the overall societal shift from bounded lifetimes spent in single locales to lives lived in wider geographical areas amid streams of data. This larger access was once regarded as worldliness—one traveled, knew the life of cities, the ways of diverse people…. It has now become the birthright of anyone who owns a television set.
How do we square the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal and vertical awareness The villagers, who know everything about their surroundings, are blessedly unaware of events in distant lands. The media-obsessed urbanites, by contrast, never lose their awareness of what happens in different parts of the world.
We may ask, which people are happier The villagers may have found more sense in things owing both to the limited range of their concern and the depth on their information. But restricted conditions and habit also suggest boredom and limitation. The lack of a larger perspective (视角) leads to suspiciousness and cautious conservatism, but for the same reason, the constant availability of data and macro-perspectives has its own decreasing returns. When everything is happening everywhere, it gets harder to care about anything.
How do we assign value Where do we find the fixed context that allows us to create a narrative of sense about our lives Ideally, I suppose, one would have the best of both worlds—the purposeful fixity of the local, as well as the availability of enhancing views: a natural ecology of information and context.
15. What can we learn about the first two paragraphs
A. Readers today tend to ignore deep engagement with texts.
B. It’s difficult to shift from vertical to horizontal reading.
C. Where and how we read texts shapes our mental life.
D. People are tired of information proliferation.
16. According to the passage, villagers .
A. have a deeper understanding of their surroundings
B. show no interest in what happens in the world
C. are less bored than media-obsessed urbanites
D. cannot adapt to changing situations
17. What can we learn from the passage
A. Vertical awareness allows us to care about others.
B. Changes in our reading habits lead to the societal shift.
C. It’s wise to keep a balance between a local and a global view.
D. Horizontal reading affects our mindset more than vertical reading.
（2023 北京昌平 统考二模）Have you ever been indecisive in the decision of what color car you like Last November, a magazine with great influence revealed its annual list of the Best Inventions, which are changing how we live, work, play, and think about what's possible. One of these inventions was the “color changing car”.
At the 2022 Consumer Electronics Show, a famous car company showcased a concept car that can change colors. The surface coating of this car features e-ink that is most well-known from the displays of e-readers. It contains many millions of micro-capsules，each of which contains negatively charged white pigments（颜料） and positively charged black pigments. Depending on the chosen setting, stimulation by means of an electrical field causes either the white or the black pigments to collect at the surface of the micro-capsule, giving the car body the desired shade.
The color chosen for a car is an expression of the driver's personalities. It offers a completely new way of changing the vehicle's appearance in line with the driver's preferences, the environmental conditions or even functional requirements.
A variable exterior color can contribute to energy saving and wellness in the interior. This is done by taking into account the different abilities of light and dark colors when it comes to reflecting sunlight and the associated absorption of thermal energy. Heating of the vehicle as a result of strong sunlight and high outside temperatures can be reduced by changing the exterior to a light color. In cooler weather, a dark outer skin will help the vehicle to absorb noticeably more warmth from the sun. This would reduce the amount of energy the vehicle electrical system needs, lowering the fuel or electricity consumption. In the interior, the technology could, for example, prevent the dashboard from heating up too much. In electric cars, changing the color with the weather would thus increase the range of the car. Considering the recent push for electric vehicles, this color changing technology could be a game-changer.
“Digital experiences won't just be limited to displays in the future. There will be more and more connection between the real and virtual. With this concept car, we are bringing the car body to life, "says Frank Weber, a member of the board of this company.
18.The concept car can change colors mainly because of .
A. the reflection of sunlight
B. the stability of electrical field
C. the area of white and black e-ink
D. the gathering of charged pigments
19.As for the color changing car, which would the author agree with
A. It will be put into mass production in the near future.
B. It can change colors automatically according to weather.
C. It can show personalities and improve car performance.
D. It will save energy by transforming heat into electrical energy.
20.Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Car Design: New Challenges
B. The Development of Car Exterior
C. Magical E-ink in Car Design
D. New Invention of Cars: Tailored Exterior
参考答案
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. A
11．C 12．D 13．B 14．A
15. A 16. A 17. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。随着我们接收到的信息量不断增加，随着信息传播从页面转移到屏幕，是时候问一下我们阅读方式的变化会如何影响我们的精神生活了。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Newspapers, advertisements, and labels surround us everywhere, turning our environment into a mass of texts to be read or ignored.（报纸、广告和标签无处不在，把我们的环境变成了一大堆可以阅读或忽略的文本。）”以及第二段“Awed by the availability of texts, the reader tends to move across surfaces without allowing the words to resonate(共鸣) inwardly. (由于对文本的可用性感到敬畏，读者倾向于在表面上移动，而不允许文字在内心产生共鸣。)”可知，今天的读者往往忽略了与文本的深度接触。故选A。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The villagers, who know everything about their surroundings, are blessedly unaware of events in distant lands.（村民们对周围的一切都了如指掌，幸运的是，他们对遥远的地方发生的事情一无所知。）”可知，村民们 对周围环境有更深入的了解。故选A。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“How do we assign value Where do we find the fixed context that allows us to create a narrative of sense about our lives Ideally, I suppose, one would have the best of both worlds—the purposeful fixity of the local, as well as the availability of enhancing views: a natural ecology of information and context.（我们如何赋值 我们在哪里找到一个固定的环境，让我们能够创造一种关于我们生活的感觉 我想，最理想的情况是，一个人将拥有两全其美的一面——有目的的固定的地方，以及增强视野的可用性：信息和环境的自然生态。）”可知，在本地视角和全球视角之间保持平衡是明智的。故选C。
18. D 19. C 20. D2023北京高三二模英语汇编
阅读理解D篇
（2023 北京东城 统考二模）September 2022 was apparently the month artificial intelligence essay anxiety boiled over in academia, after a user of an AI writing service claimed to be getting straight A’s with essays “written” using artificial intelligence. Most professors expressed concern. One wrote, “Grading something an AI wrote is an incredibly depressing waste of my life.”
As all this online depression was playing out, I asked my students, who were mostly majors in writing, to submit a 2,000-word proposal about a local issue. I asked them to rely on the AI as much as possible. After reviewing their 22 AI essays, I can tell you confidently that the technology just isn’t there. My students used free accessible text generators online and put in a lot of effort. But, if I had believed these were genuine student essays, the very best would have earned somewhere around a C or C-minus. Many of the essays had obvious red flags for AI generation: outdated facts, quotes from prior university presidents presented as current presidents, fictional professors and named student organizations that don’t exist. At the same time, the students reported that using AI required far more time than simply writing their essays the old-fashioned way would have.
There has been a fair amount written about the supposed impressiveness of AI-generated text. There are even several high-profile AI-written articles, essays or even scientific papers or screenplays that showcase this impressiveness. In many of these cases, the “authors” have access to higher-quality language models than most students are currently able to use. But, more importantly, the published examples are generally the polished form of professional writers and editors. In contrast, many of my students’ AI-generated essays showed the common problems of student writing—uncertainty about the appropriate writing style, issues with organization and transitions, and inconsistent paragraphing. Obviously, producing a quality essay with AI requires having high writing skill and revising skill to produce appropriate outputs.
My experimental so tells me that a good assignment sheet is the best defense against AI essays. If your assignment is “Describe the reasons for the U.S. Civil War”, you are more likely to get AI or downloaded essay submissions. My assignment was a challenge because it asked students to address local issues of concern. There are just not enough relevant examples in the data the AI text generators are drawing from.
It has been just over five years since computer scientists declared, “We should stop training radiologists(放射科医生) now. Deep learning is going to do better than radiologists.” Well, we’re still training radiologists, and there’s no indication that deep learning is going to replace human doctors anytime soon. In much the same way, I strongly suspect full-on robot writing will always and forever be “just around the corner”.
1. What can we learn about the students in the experiment
A. Their writing efficiency was affected.
B. Their essays were better structured.
C. They preferred AI-written essays.
D. They overcame AI’s weaknesses.
2. What does the author imply in Paragraph 3
A. Online text generators are far from reliable.
B. Genuine student essays deserve higher marks.
C. Students need to have better mastery of technology.
D. Revising applications decide the quality of AI essays.
3. In the author’s opinion, what may discourage the use of AI text generators
A. Standard criteria B. Strict regulations..
C. Clear instructions. D. Unique writing tasks.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To assess AI’s influence on students’ writing.
B. To discuss the threat of AI to the teaching of writing.
C. To appeal for the appropriate application of AI text generators.
D. To analyse the differences between genuine and Al-written essays.
（2023 北京西城 统考二模）Faced with an attempt by a new chatbot to imitate（模仿）his own songs，the musician Nick Cave delivered a strong response: it was “an absolutely horrible attempt”.He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only conclude that the true horror might be that “it will forever be in its babyhood”. While a robot might one day be able to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond “a kind of burlesque（滑稽的模仿）”，because robots-being composed of data-are unable to suffer, while songs arise out of suffering.
Fans of Cave and his band will agree that his music is inimitable, but that doesn't mean they would necessarily be able to tell the difference. A few days before Cave's remarks, experts were asked to distinguish between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and they were only unitedly right in one of the four picture comparisons.
These are party games, but they point to an unfolding challenge that must be managed as a matter of urgency because, like it or not, AI art is upon us. The arrival of the human-impersonating ChatGPT might have increased general awareness, but artists across a wide range of disciplines are already exploring its potential, with the dancer Wayne McGregor and London's Young Vic Theatre among those who have created AI-based works.
A strongly-worded report from Communications and Digital Committee (CDC) issued a wake-up call to the government, urging it to raise its game in educating future generations of tech-savvy professionals, and tackling key regulatory challenges. These included reviewing reforms to intellectual property law, strengthening the rights of performers and artists, and taking action to support the creative sector in adapting to the disturbances caused by swift and stormy technological change.
While developing AI is important, it should not be pursued at all costs, the CDC stressed. It deplored the failure of the Department for Digital, Culture, and Media to offer a defence against proposed changes to intellectual property law that would give copyright exemption（版权豁免）to any work，anywhere in the world，involving AI text and data mining.
The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested, and practical. They will unfold over the short and long term. State-of-the-art creative industries have a key role to play in shaping and exploring the philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive and be successful. They need it now.
5.Why does the author mention the four picture comparisons in Paragraph 2
A. To stress the similarities between AI art and human art.
B. To argue that human art will be replaced by AI art.
C. To prove AI is stretching the boundaries of art.
D. To imply AI art cannot be underestimated.
6. What does the underlined word “deplored”in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Clearly analyzed. B. Bravely suffered.
C. Strongly criticized. D. Accurately perceived.
7.What can be inferred from the passage
A. Some artists see AI as a tool even though it is a threat.
B. Creative industries are responsible for causing the AI problem.
C. Tech professionals need more training to better understand AI art.
D. The quality of AI art dismisses concerns about intellectual property.
8.Which would be the best title for the passage
A. The Creative Thief: AI Makes Perfect Art
B. AI in Art: A Battle That Must Be Fought
C. Threat or Opportunity: The Impact of AI on Art
D. The Rise of AI Art: What It Means to Human Artists
（2023 北京海淀 统考二模）As we enter a period of profound economic uncertainty, presaged (预示)by recent high-profile layoffs and a culture of “quiet quitting”, thinking about the future of work might well seem a daunting(令人生畏的)prospect.
Indeed, an ever-increasing digital skills gap threatens to stop businesses adopting the game-changing technologies that will help to power growth in the months and years ahead. For instance, with each exciting new technology comes a growing concern about whether we have a digitally savvy(精明的) workforce ready to take advantage of it. After all, keeping the workforce up to speed with the latest advances is a key element of the digital transformation process, which will prove essential if we hope to improve business productivity and efficiency alongside our efforts to achieve sustained growth.
Likewise, at the World Economic Forum's annual meeting in Davos, the cybersecurity skills gap was named as one particular area of concern. There's good reason for this focus: if businesses can't protect themselves against external threats, they risk going backwards. And that's before they even start thinking about achieving growth. This is why we need to address the digital skills gap urgently.
Well, we should start by changing the narrative to help us recruit and retain from a more diverse pool of talent, giving businesses a far better chance of finding the up-to-date digital skills they need. And, when it comes to engaging and empowering the current workforce, learning and development opportunities will be key, helping employees to improve their skills for the benefit of both themselves and their employers.
To make this all happen, leaders and employers must demonstrate a commitment to teaching their workforces digital skills by setting clear expectations and providing all the resources required. One approach, for example, would be to focus on the potential in the existing talent pool by identifying those already skilled in digital capabilities and supporting them to upskill their colleagues. Creating a culture of learning, with an emphasis on personal growth, can be an impressive motivator in the workplace.
Of course, it's all well and good saying that digital skills are vital, but a workforce with purely hard skills will not future-proof a business. There's a need for soft skills that support the broader goal, so as not to neglect the other competencies required in a digital transformation: communication, critical thinking, creative design skills, and leadership. To exploit the technology to its full potential, such qualities are equally important.
Fundamentally, getting the interaction right between humans and technology will be paramount if businesses are to succeed. As a result, human skills must not be underestimated. Every business will need a range of people with a variely of skills—not only those well-versed in math, engineering, and science, but also those with creative minds and leadership qualities.
9.The writer's main concern in the digital transformation process is__________
A. the threats from technology B. the challenge of upskilling workforces
C. the culture of quiet quitting D. the shortage of experienced workers
10.It can be learned from Paragraph 4 and 5 that__________
A. replacing current workforces with digital talents is the key
B. high requirements of recruitment ensure a sound workforce
C. employers should develop a learning culture inside their workforces
D. business leaders should focus on the training of the existing talent pool
11. What does the underlined word “paramount” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Crucial. B. Beneficial. C. Challenging D. Inspiring
12. What might be the purpose of the passage
A. To advocate the necessity of improving digital skills.
B. To warn humans of the potential problems with technology.
C. To stress the importance of combining hard skills with soft skills.
D. To draw people's attention to the ever-increasing digital skills gap.
（2023 北京朝阳 统考二模）Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading.
Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life—to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds.
Psychologists refer to the ability to infer another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences.
Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.
Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI.
It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.
13. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well
A. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”.
B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”.
C. When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it.
D. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder.
14. The author believes that __________.
A. humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect
B. humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent
C. we should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI
D. shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI
15. As for AIs, what does the author value most
A. Reliability. B. Practicability.
C. Reasoning capability. D. Communication ability.
16. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected
B. AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future
C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans
D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI
（2023 北京丰台 统考二模）Coastal cities worldwide are squeezed by two opposing forces: urban sprawl (扩张) and the rising sea. This struggle is intensely visible in the flatlands where expanding neighborhoods routinely flood and saltwater flooding damages the river mouths that protect communities from the worst of our climate crisis.
Massive resources are being put into environmental restoration projects, and development is subject to many layers of approvals. Yet in 2022 the commissioners of a coastal city voted to expand a legal boundary that contains sprawl to allow a 400-acre warehouse project. They are failing to see the value of this land in the greater ecosystem.
Wetlands, coastal plains and forests do cheaply (or even for free) what seawalls and pumps do at a cost of billions of dollars. They are vital infrastructure (基础设施) that makes us more resilient against climate change, and the cost of destroying them or weakening their ability to function must be factored into the decisions we make to build and grow.
To do so, the economic incentives to develop any natural landscape should be weighed against the protective economic value that land already provides. Economists call this an “avoided damage” valuation. Local planning boards might consider the value of a sand dune or swamp in flood protection versus the expense of replacing it with a seawall and water pump system. Maintaining and restoring natural infrastructure to support healthy functioning saves money, time and lives.
The concept of “natural capital”, or the idea that ecosystem services should be valued in a similar manner as any form of wealth, dates back to the 1970s. Markets have always valued wood as a commodity (商品), for example, but not the services that came along with producing it, such as soil maintenance, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling. We didn’t need a market for resources that industrialists saw as abundant (丰富的) and endlessly renewable. This exploitative (开发资源的) assumption turned out to be very wrong. Failing to measure the benefits of ecosystem services in policy and management decisions is a major reason many of those ecosystems disappeared.
It also seems crass to place a dollar amount on ecosystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing for their own sake and valuable to humans in ways that are beyond capitalism. This preciousness is ethically sound. But developers have long confused pricelessness with worthlessness, allowing them to profit without paying for the consequences of destroying the environment.
Economic value is never the only reason nature is worth preserving; it is simply a powerful, underused tool to help us make decisions about how to live more sustainably in a climate-changed world. If policy makers considered natural infrastructure in the language of economics, they might recognize just how deeply we rely on it.
17. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A. The consequences of the saltwater flooding.
B. The cause of the urban sprawl and the rising sea.
C. An approval to an environmental restoration project.
D. The problem caused by the expansion of coastal cities
18. What can we learn from the passage
A. The idea of natural capital can enhance the profit of commodity.
B. The economic growth boosts the protection of natural landscape.
C. The abundance of resources is not the reason for devaluing them.
D. The exploitation of nature reflects the “avoided damage” valuation.
19. What does the underlined word “crass” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A. Inadvisable. B. Beneficial.
C. Relevant. D. Unrealistic.
20. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To appeal for stricter control over city scale.
B. To propose the use of nature as infrastructure.
C. To stress the importance of ecosystem services.
D. To promote public awareness of nature protection.
（2023 北京昌平 统考二模）Do you know forests are one of our planet's greatest carbon sinks This means that they absorb an enormous amount of carbon released into the atmosphere, a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and the earth's rising temperature.
The poplar tree, standing tall and regal, is known for its fast-growing nature and its gray, white, or black bark. A biotechnology firm in San Francisco, CA, genetically modified poplar trees. According to a four-month study conducted in their greenhouse, the engineered trees grew 53% larger than their normal counterparts and stored 27% more CO2.In February 2023, the company also planted modified poplar trees in southern Georgia. This marks the first time in the United States that engineered trees have been planted outside of a controlled lab setting!
All plants experience photosynthesis（光合作用），where sunlight，water，and CO2 are transformed into glucose and oxygen. However, almost all trees release a poisonous substance in the process. To remove this substance, trees must use up newly-produced energy in another step known as photo-respiration（光呼吸作用）， which does not produce any energy and releases CO2 back into the atmosphere. To prevent plants from wasting their energy, the biotechnology firm engineered their poplar trees with genes found in green algae. First tested in tobacco plants, the foreign genes change the poisonous substance produced by trees into sugars, so that more energy can be used for removing carbon and tree growth.
Researchers from the company are planting their poplar trees on private land that has been previously disturbed, such as abandoned coal mines in Pennsylvania. The modified trees will be planted between natives like sweet gum and bald cypress to boost biodiversity and maintain soil fertility（肥沃）.
Plant biologist Norberto Martinez from the University of Illinois suggests the engineered poplar trees may not thrive outdoors or will require more water and fertilizer to maintain their fast growth. Many sustainable forestry organizations have also banned engineered trees from being planted in forests. The Global Justice Ecology Project argued that these trees could interfere with efforts to protect and regenerate forests.
Though there may be opposing opinions regarding genetically modified poplar trees, one thing is for sure: they hold the potential to lower greenhouse gases in our environment at a faster rate. This company's attempt is certainly an innovative approach to the ongoing climate crisis.
21.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The necessity to absorb CO2.
B. The basic idea behind engineered trees.
C. The effect of photosynthesis on plants.
D. The importance of energy transformation.
22. What does the underlined phrase “interfere with" in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Save.
C. Interrupt.
B. Measure.
D. Strengthen.
23.What can we infer about the engineered poplar trees
A. Their first planting state was Pennsylvania.
B. Their potential to absorb CO2 outweighs concerns.
C. They can release more oxygen than normal poplar trees.
D. They will grow better if planted away from normal plants.
24. The main purpose of the passage is to .
A. inform and argue
B. analyse and advise
C. argue and discuss
D. examine and assess
参考答案
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B
5. D 6.C 7. A 8. B
9. B 10. C 11. A 12. C
13．C 14．B 15．C 16．A
17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是自然生态系统作为基础设施的意义和重要性。
【17题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Coastal cities worldwide are squeezed by two opposing forces: urban sprawl (扩张) and the rising sea. This struggle is intensely visible in the flatlands where expanding neighborhoods routinely flood and saltwater flooding damages the river mouths that protect communities from the worst of our climate crisis.(世界各地的沿海城市都受到两股对立力量的挤压:城市扩张和海平面上升。这种斗争在平原上尤为明显，那里不断扩张的社区经常发生洪水和盐水洪水，破坏了保护社区免受最严重气候危机影响的河口。)”和第二段的“Yet in 2022 the commissioners of a coastal city voted to expand a legal boundary that contains sprawl to allow a 400-acre warehouse project. They are failing to see the value of this land in the greater ecosystem.(然而，在2022年，一个沿海城市的专员投票决定扩大法律边界，允许一个400英亩的仓库项目。他们没有看到这片土地在更大的生态系统中的价值。)”可知，前两段主要讲的是沿海城市扩张造成的问题。故选D。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“It also seems crass to place a dollar amount on ecosystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing for their own sake and valuable to humans in ways that are beyond capitalism. This preciousness is ethically sound. But developers have long confused pricelessness with worthlessness, allowing them to profit without paying for the consequences of destroying the environment.(在我们宁愿视为无价之宝的生态系统上投入一美元似乎也是不明智的，这些生态系统因其自身而存在，对人类的价值超越了资本主义。这种珍贵在伦理上是合理的。但长期以来，开发商一直把无价之宝和毫无价值混为一谈，这使得他们可以在不为破坏环境的后果买单的情况下获利。)”可知，资源丰富并不是使其贬值的理由。故选C。
【19题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“place a dollar amount on ecosystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing for their own sake and valuable to humans in ways that are beyond capitalism(在我们宁愿视为无价之宝的生态系统上投入一美元，这些生态系统因其自身而存在，对人类的价值超越了资本主义)”可知，在我们宁愿视为无价之宝的生态系统上投入一美元是不明智的，划线词意为“不明智的，愚蠢的”，和inadvisable意思相近，故选A。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“If policy makers considered natural infrastructure in the language of economics, they might recognize just how deeply we rely on it.(如果政策制定者用经济学的语言来考虑自然基础设施，他们可能会意识到我们对它的依赖程度有多深。)”可知，本文主要论述的是自然生态系统作为基础设施的意义和重要性，因此本文主要目的是建议利用自然作为基础设施。故选B。
21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A2023北京高三二模英语汇编
写作
1.（2023 北京东城 统考二模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信提及他参加了学校举办的“从地标建筑读懂一座城市”的世界城市展示活动。请你用英文给他回一封电子邮件，谈谈你的想法。内容包括：
1.你推荐的城市及其地标建筑；
2.推荐理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：地标landmark
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
2.（2023 北京西城 统考二模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你想做一个问卷调查，了解中英学生在某方面的差异。你打算请英国好友Jim答卷，并且请他将问卷转发给他的同学和朋友。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．问卷的目的；
2．问卷的内容。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：调查问卷 questionnaire
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
3.（2023 北京海淀 统考二模）假设你是红星中学高三“传统文化社”社长李华。你校国际部留学生Jim邀请你参加他们组 织的 “China Day”活动并做展示。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 接受邀请并表示感谢；
2. 你展示的内容及理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
4.（2023 北京朝阳 统考二模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你最近读完了外教 Jim 推荐的一本英文书，请你用
英文给Jim 写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.表达感谢并分享读书收获；
2.交流后续英文书阅读计划。
注意：1．词数100 左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours,
Li Hua
5.（2023 北京丰台 统考二模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim来信询问你毕业后的暑期安排。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，谈谈你的打算及原因。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
6.（2023 北京昌平 统考二模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。作为你校英语戏剧社的负责人，在毕业前的活动上你将做离任发言。请你用英文写一份发言稿，内容包括：
1．回顾开展的主要活动与收获；
2．表达感谢及祝愿。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone!
参考答案
1. Dear Jim,
Good to hear from you, and what an interesting activity! We can really tell a lot about a city from its buildings.
I know you are a fan of Chinese architecture, so if you haven't decided which city to pick, you may consider Beijing, with the Forbidden City as a distinctive landmark.
Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years. It has witnessed the changes of the city. Thus, it is surely a worthy landmark of Beijing and a good choice for your project.
I hope my advice will be helpful. Wish you every success.
Yours,
Li Hua
2. Dear Jim
How are you doing I’m writing to ask if you can help me with a questionnaire.
It is about the reading habits of Chinese and British youth, With so many reading materials accessible via digital decices, I want to know how both groups’ reading habits have changed.
It contains twenty question concerning reading materials, reading length as well as reading frequency. It also asks about digital devices young people use.
I wonder if you could answer the qusetions in it. Then, please kindly forward the questionnaire to your classmates and friends. I would appreciate it very much. Please see the attached questionnaire.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
3. Dear Jim,
I’m writing with great honor to accept your invitation to your “China Day” event. Thank you so much for offering me this precious opportunity to be part of it.
I’m thinking of presenting Chinese calligraphy. I will introduce and demonstrate the basic techniques of calligraphy, after which I would ask some audience to try writing some characters.
I choose this topic because it is a unique way to appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters and understand the essence of Chinese culture. Moreover, I think only when the audience get involved can they truly understand the beauty of Chinese culture.
How do you like this idea Tell me if you would like me to change. Best wishes to the event.
Yours,
Li Hua
4. Dear Jim,
Thank you for your recommendation of the English novel The Old Man and the Sea.
Having finished reading, I’ve harvested a lot. The tough man who fights against the big fish and sharks alone in the sea inspires me to brave frustrations in my life. And I have learned that we should stick to our dreams no matter what hardships we may encounter.
The book unfolds a new world to me. Thus, I make a plan for further reading. English novels enlightening my mind will be included in my reading list. I intend to read one book a month. While reading, I will take down my understanding in time to gain more beyond the lines.
I would appreciate it if you could give me more recommendations.
Yours,
Li Hua
5. Dear Jim
How is everything going I’d like to share with you my plans for the upcoming summer vacation.
First, I’m going to take a trip with my parents. It’s a great way to unwind and recharge after a year of hard work. Moreover, we can explore breathtaking scenery and spend quality time together during the journey.
Learning some new skills is also on my agenda. Passionate about programming, I’m planning to attend relevant online courses to take my programming skills to the next level, which will be beneficial for my future major.
I just can’t wait to kick off my summer vacation! Have you got any vacation plans yet Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国好友Jim写封电子邮件，谈谈你毕业后的暑期安排。
【详解】1.词汇积累
即将到来的：upcoming→forthcoming
另外：moreover→besides
相关的：relevant→related
有用的：beneficial→helpful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’d like to share with you my plans for the upcoming summer vacation.
拓展句：I’d like to share with you my plans for the summer vacation which is drawing near.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Learning some new skills is also on my agenda. (运用了动名词作主语)
[高分句型2] Passionate about programming, I’m planning to attend relevant online courses to take my programming skills to the next level, which will be beneficial for my future major. (运用了形容词作状语和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
6. Good morning, everyone!
It's a great honor to deliver my last speech here as the President of English Drama Club.
Time flies over us, but leaves its shadow behind. Never will I forget the colorful activities during the past two years, such as the lectures on Shakespeare's plays, the course of drama appreciation and our amazing performances at the annual Art Festival. Our club not only gave us a platform to show ourselves, but also offered me a chance to witness the magic of communication and cooperation. My personal ability has been improving as well.
Today I must express my sincere gratitude to all of you. Thank you for always being there to support me. Wish our club a brighter future. Thanks again.2023北京高三二模英语汇编
用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023 北京东城 统考二模）The world will observe International Museum Dayon May 18th. Since 1977, this day_____1_____(celebrate) by the International Council of Museums annually to raise awareness of the role that museums play in the development of society. The day is an excellent way of_____2_____(get) more of the younger generations interested in the history and culture available in museums. Every year, the organization_____3_____(decide) on a new theme. And the theme for 2023 is Museums, Sustainability and Well-being.
（2023 北京东城 统考二模）I am a 22-year-old artist. My journey through art led me to being an environmentalist._____4_____we consider waste may be useful when we think about it in a different light. Although largely_____5_____ (ignore), materials thrown away provide plenty of resources for us artists to give them a second life. In my hands, glass bottles, plastic bags, and other waste_____6_____(item) become a form of sustainable art. I want to motivate the people who buy this type of art to contribute to the planet’s welfare.
（2023 北京东城 统考二模）Reading is a unique human experience. Just by skimming our eyes over some words, we can_____7_____(mental) travel across time and space.But reading can also be hard, especially when we’re faced with a difficult text.____8____(make) it an easier, more rewarding experience, you’d better read in print whenever possible. One reason for doing so is that our eyes are less likely to skim past printed words than those_____9_____screen. Plus, consuming content on a physical page helps the brain make a mental map of the information,_____10_____in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.
（2023 北京西城 统考二模）Many common things around the house are very useful. For example, warm water can be used for cleaning. When salt is put__11__warm water, it can help ease a sore throat. Warm water can also be used to make an orange taste better. The secret is the warmth of the water. The fruit becomes sweeter, __12__the warm water lowers its level of sourness. Another example is __13__ you can try a banana peel when your shoes look dirty. The tannin in the peel works like magic, making your shoes shiny and bright!
（2023 北京西城 统考二模）Not all inventions have been the result of a __14__ (care) plan. In the 1940s, an American scientist, Percy Spencer, was trying to make a machine, with the hope that it__15__ (use) radio waves to detect warplanes. One day, after the experiment, Spencer found that a chocolate bar in his pocket had melted. Spencer then placed some corn in front of the machine. Soon, the corn was popping everywhere. Thus, the microwave oven（微波炉）__16__（invent）by chance．
（2023 北京西城 统考二模）A group of large white birds with black faces appear in the sky. There are only about six hundred of them __17__ (leave) in the world. These beautiful black-faced spoonbills are some of the world's rarest birds. The birds__18__ (fly)all the way from their summer home to this wetland, __19__ they will spend the winter. Now, they circle and land. Many people are crowding by the lake and then begin to shoot them. Is this the end for the spoonbills No. The people are bird-watchers, __20__ (shoot) photographs.
（2023 北京海淀 统考二模）This was not my first attempt to learn to ride a bike. I had tried on several occasions but always___21___(fail). But this shot felt somewhat different. Determined to succeed, I took to the streets of our quiet neighborhood. The learning process proved___22___(pain), but I went at it anyway. After a month of labor, I made it. I began my daily tours on the back streets with light traffic and gradually cycled to busier areas___23___I could share the street with dog walkers. I could also greet my neighbors, appreciating how everything functioned___24___harmony.
（2023 北京海淀 统考二模）In recent years, shared vegetable plots have been springing up in the city's suburban districts, as more people turn to farming to escape the pressure of city life. A shared ecological farm in Beijing is a typical example, which___25___(come) with shared vegetable plots, barbecue pits, and leisure areas. “In my previous companies, ___26___my colleagues would always discuss about was food quality and how much they liked organic produce,” says the founder. “This has partly made farming popular because people can see for___27___(they) where their vegetables come from and be assured of the quality.”
（2023 北京海淀 统考二模）Sanfutie is a bandage made of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It is believed that ___28___ (receive) Sanfutie during the hottest summer days is effective for coughs, asthma, and arthritis.
The treatment ___29___ (base) on the TCM principle of yin and yang, which believes the balance of both elements in the body is vital for good health. Sanfutie contains a paste of herbs that are “hot” in nature, and when___30___(apply) to specific acupuncture points(穴位),usually on the back and neck, it refills the body with the yang elements.
（2023 北京朝阳 统考二模）As a variant of American football, flag football is a type of sport in which a player must remove a flag belt from the ball carrier to end a down. The first rule of the game is that contact 31 players is not permitted. Recently, it 32 (gain) great popularity in China among young people. It’s engaging and ridiculously fun. That’s why the percentage of people 33 (join) a flag football club through online channels has risen to a new high level.
（2023 北京朝阳 统考二模）Old Connections, a telecommunications museum in Seattle, with a working exchange from the 1940s, 34 (show) how telephones brought us together, but also tore us apart. Perhaps it should not be 35 (surprise) that the Internet has brought with it a new wave of horrific destructiveness. History itself is a kind of radio programme, broadcast to us in frequencies that become harder to receive as we forget the old ways. But as long as we keep the ancient exchanges running, we have a way to remember and understand 36 we come from.
（2023 北京朝阳 统考二模）Wang Dakang, aged 88, is a model of lifelong learning. In the 1980s, he was the first person 37 (accomplish) a round trip of China using only a bicycle. To edit this experience into his book, Wang decided to go to college. At the age of 61, he 38 (admit) into college, majoring in journalism. By 2012, he had completed three majors in college. At present, Wang lives in Leshan, where he spends his days following carefully 39 (plan) routines. His study starts at 6 am every morning, during 40 he reads and takes notes from newspapers. Wang said, “There is so much to learn and I will continue learning until the very end.”
（2023 北京丰台 统考二模）The skin of a small fish from Thailand is almost completely clear. As it swims, its muscles move,____41____(result) in reflections of many colors. After shining different kinds of light and lasers onto the fish in a laboratory, researchers made a____42____ (discover) that the small structures in its muscles are what turns light into rainbow colors. Other creatures can also create the rainbow effect when colors change. Usually, they have outer surfaces____43____reflect the light, like a butterfly’s wings.
（2023 北京丰台 统考二模）With exciting moves, fantastic music and competitors using cool names, breaking is a sport like no other. Also____44____(know) as breakdancing, it will become one of the Olympic sports____45____the Games are held in 2024. It is not yet known how the 2024 Olympic contest___46____(arrange). It is likely that there will be separate female and male battles, and possibly mixed-doubles events with both men and women.
（2023 北京丰台 统考二模）As one of China’s ten____47____(famous) teas, Longjing tea is characterized by its green color, delicate smell, rich taste and beautiful shape. The beautiful forms of a bud (嫩芽)____48____one leaf or two leaves are acknowledged as quality tea. The picking work of such tea leaves demands a high accuracy and____49____(depend) largely on hand labor. To improve efficiency, a tea-picking robot was made and it is in trial operation now. It can position____50____ the target bud and leaf are and cut them precisely.
（2023 北京昌平 统考二模）Because of the changes that occurred over tea's extremely long history, the tea-making process___51___(become)very complicated and diverse today. To follow the rather strict steps___52___may include dozens of smaller steps, generally speaking, it takes about half a month to complete the___53___ (begin)processes such as tea picking, selecting and drying. In order to reach the highest standard, it takes at least a whole month only to dry the tea as dry as it can get. So it takes several months alone___54___good tea products are ready for consumers.
（2023 北京昌平 统考二模）To remain competitive throughout their careers, students need to learn how to use an AI writing tool to make worthwhile output___55___know how to evaluate its quality, accuracy and originality. They need to learn to compose well-organized essays involving a mix of Al-generated text and___56___(tradition) writing. When working into the 2060s and beyond, professionals___57___(learn)how to engage productively with AI systems, using them to enhance human creativity.
（2023 北京昌平 统考二模）My new book celebrates the power of mathematical thinking to get you to your goal___58___ (success)without hours of labour. It's your shortcut that mathematicians___59___me have come up with to your destination. Of course, while I___60___(produce) In inking Better: The art of the shortcut, I read a good few books. Here’s a list of those that were the most influential in my journey to find the smartest ways of thinking.
参考答案
1. has been celebrated 2. getting 3. decides 4. What 5. Ignored 6. items 7. Mentally
8. To make 9. on 10. Which
11—20无答案
21. failed 22. painful 23. where 24. in es 26. what 27. themselves
28.receiving 29. is based 30. applied
31. between 32. has gained 33. joining 34. shows 35. surprising 36. where
37.to accomplish 38. was admitted 39. planned 40. which
【答案】41. resulting
42. discovery
43. that##which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是泰国的一种几乎完全透明的鱼。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当它游泳时，它的肌肉会运动，从而反射出许多颜色。句中谓语是move，空格处用非谓语动词，用现在分词表结果，故填resulting。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：在实验室里，研究人员将不同种类的光和激光照射到鱼身上后，发现它肌肉中的小结构是将光变成彩虹色的原因。a后跟可数名词的单数形式，根据语境和句意可知，此处意为“发现”，名词是discovery。故填discovery。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：通常，它们有反射光线的外表面，就像蝴蝶的翅膀。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词surfaces是物，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
【答案】44. known
45. when 46. will be arranged
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。霹雳舞将成为2024年奥运会的比赛项目，并且很可能会有男女分开的比赛，也可能有男女混双比赛。
【44题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：它也被称为霹雳舞，将在2024年奥运会举行时成为奥运会项目之一。根据句意和所给动词know可知，空格处应该填入know的非谓语形式作状语，因为动词know和句子的主语it之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词known作状语。故填known。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：它也被称为霹雳舞，将在2024年奥运会举行时成为奥运会项目之一。根据句意及所给句子可知，空格后的部分是一个时间状语从句，所以空格处引导时间状语从句，且意义为“在……时候”，所以应该用when。故填when。
【46题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：目前还不知道2024年奥运会的比赛将如何安排。根据句意和所给动词arrange可知，空格处是主语从句的谓语部分，从句的主语the 2024 Olympic contest和动词arrange之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；由句中的in 2024可知，句子应该用一般将来时。故填will be arranged。
【答案】47. most famous
48. with 49. depends
50. where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国十大名茶之一的龙井茶的特点，以及为了提高采茶效率而制作的采茶机器人的情况。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：龙井茶是中国十大名茶之一。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填一个形容词作定语修饰tea。根据提示词famous可知它已经是一个形容词，就要考虑形容词的比较级或最高级，根据句意可知是十大最著名的茶。要用形容词的最高级。故填most famous。
【48题详解】
考查介词。句意：带有一片或两片叶子的美丽嫩芽被公认为优质茶叶。空格处是无提示，根据one leaf or two leaves可知是用名词描述a bud的特点。所以可以推理出空格处要填一个介词。根据句意，是带有或具有的意思。故填with。
【49题详解】
考查动词。句意：这种茶叶的采摘工作要求高精度，并且在很大程度上依赖手工劳动。根据句中的and可知，括号里的动词和前面的demands是并列关系，所以空格处也是一般现在时，故填depends。
【50题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：它可以定位目标芽和叶子的位置，并精确地采摘它们。分析句子成分可知，it是主语，can position and cut 是并列的谓语动词，“the target bud and leaf are”是一个宾语从句做position的宾语，根据句意可知“定位位置在什么地方”。故填where。
51. has become 52. which/that 53. beginning 54. Before 55. and 66. Traditional 57. will learn
58. successfully 59. Like 60. was producing2023北京高三二模英语汇编
完形填空
（2023 北京东城 统考二模）One October morning, I planned to take Honey, my dog, out with me. We live in a___1___area up in the hills. Our driveway is barely wide enough for one car, with a ravine (深沟) on one side. While I was starting the car slowly, a flash of sunlight___2___me. I put my hand up to block the sunlight. Suddenly, the car slipped in the soft soil, and rolled down the ravine. After several rolls, we___3___upside down. I was stuck and felt a sharp pain in my chest. I looked over to find Honey. Luckily, she was okay.
We were at least 50 feet down. Just as I’d___4___, my cellphone couldn’t get a signal.
Calm down! It old myself. At least I could get Honey out of here. Painfully, I reached over and picked her up and___5___put her through a broken window. “Go home, baby.” She jumped to the ground and raced up the side of the ravine.
I could do nothing but sit there for hours. The last bit of light faded away.
Slam! Was that a car door “Help!” I shouted with all my___6___.
“Mike! Where are you ” It was Robin, my closest neighbor, who lived two miles downhill from me.
Half an hour later, the rescue crew___7___and rushed me to the hospital.
The next day Robin brought Honey to the hospital. She got right up next to me on the bed and snuggled (依偎) close. With her there, it was like my pain___8___. “I got home from work and Honey was waiting for me,” Robin said. “She got___9___and ran in circles, like she was trying to tell me something!” Robin figured he’d bring Honey back to my____10____, and that’s when he heard me shout.
Honey, my life-saving hero!
1. A. crowded B. new C. popular D. remote
2. A. covered B. blinded C. burnt D. warned
3. A. landed B. circled C. drove D. pulled
4. A. hesitated B. feared C. agreed D. doubted
5. A. actively B. constantly C. gently D. secretly
6. A. courage B. wisdom C. patience D. strength
7. A. called B. arrived C. formed D. searched
8. A. returned B. spread C. froze D. disappeared
9. A. confused B. disappointed C. anxious D. bored
10. A. house B. car C. hospital D. office
（2023 北京西城 统考二模）One of the best feelings is knowing that I have made a(n) __11__ impact on another person's life.
During my freshman year, I got my first real job at Dunkin' Donuts. I quickly became aware that customers'__12__was important, so I tried to provide the best service that I could. I still remember one customer vividly, an elderly gentleman named Frank. He came in every Sunday afternoon and ordered a medium coffee with two old-fashioned donuts. Immediately after I saw him pull into the parking lot, I __13__ his order, having it ready by the time he walked in. If I had no other work to do, I sat and talked with him. We learned a lot about each other. I could not help feeling sorry for him because his wife had recently passed away.
After a year of working every weekend, I eventually decided to leave and turned in my two-week notice. The most difficult part of __14__ was not telling my boss, but informing Frank. I felt like I was __15__ him. When I finally brought it up, he __16__ replied,“Oh, that's too bad. I'm sure that the staff will miss you.”I began to think that our visits held no real importance to him, and that he would be just as__17__ enjoying his food alone. __18__, on my last day, Frank came in with a card that simply read, “Your kindness during the time we have spent together is heartwarming. You had no __19 __ to speak a word to me, let alone show a real interest in our conversations. Few things have brought me more pleasure than our weekly visits. Thank you.”
The amount of __20 __ I received for such minor efforts is mind-blowing. Giving up my weekends for a year was a small price to pay to grasp the remarkable effects of kindness.
11. A. obvious B. simple C. immediate D. positive
12. A. condition B. appearance C. satisfaction D. behavior
13. A. took B. prepared C. followed D. accepted
14. A. quitting B. agreeing C. remembering D. serving
15. A. embarrassing B. ignoring C. cheating D. abandoning
16. A. firmly B. calmly C. angrily D. sadly
17. A. confident B. excited C. content D. interested
18. A. Meanwhile B. Therefore C. Moreover D. However
19. A. duty B. right C. excuse D. intention
20. A. admiration B. expectation C. appreciation D. instruction
（2023 北京海淀 统考二模）When I was little, I'd play chess with my grandfather, and he'd smoke his cigar while telling me stories about growing up, pursuing dreams, and travelling around the world. Yet it was only after he passed away that I___21___how fast his stories had faded away.
Hence the importance of preserving___22___dawned on me, which ultimately changed my previous outlook on remembering our loved ones and the stories we share.
All too often, we take for granted the value that our family histories and personal experiences have had in our lives. They help to__23___who we are, providing markers of our growth. I believe to some degree we are all naturally___24___ about our ancestry, but we can be stuck on knowing what questions to ask.
Full of regrets but armed with a newfound___25___, I thought about solutions to help other people record the precious memories for those they love—before it's too late. As freelancer(自由职业者) platforms became mainstream, I discovered many highly qualified writers were___26___around the world, so I began matching ghostwriters(代笔者)with clients to help them write a book. Then, Story Tree, a memoir-writing service, was__27___.
Since then, we have explored the power of stories and their ability to connect us with our past and___28___the present. It has been documented that learning more about one's family history has been linked to___29___emotional health, increasing compassion and providing a deeper sense of cultures and traditions.
Among all the heritage stories at Story Tree, family is a dominant theme. Other common themes are love, enterprising spirit, overcoming difficulty, and settling in new surroundings. However, ___30___is a thread that always ties these together.
21.A. doubted B. imagined C. realized D. counted
22.A. hobbies B. relationships C. evidences D. memories
23. A. shape B. confirm C. present D. perfect
24. A. certain B. curious C. cautious D. confused
25.A. business B. relief C. purpose D. talent
26.A. available B. accessible C. admirable D. acceptable
27.A. approved B. found C. updated D. born
28.A. catch up with B. put up with C. make sense of D. take advantage of
29. A. risking B. boosting C. assessing D. monitoring
30.A. family B. community C. culture D. history
（2023 北京朝阳 统考二模）My son was born with breathing difficulties, so he had to stay in NICU, the hospital unit for newborns needing intensive care. There he could only be fed through a tube. I hated the tube. The lovely dreams I had of nursing my baby were entirely 31 .
On the fifth day, I 32 about the tube, saying that I wanted to feed him with a bottle. The doctors agreed to let me try. My son’s feedings would be closely recorded to see if he was able to get 33 milk intake without the tube. After eighteen hours, it was determined he could not do that and the tube was back. This meant he wasn’t getting stronger. The 34 felt so dark.
Seated outside the NICU, I started crying. Just then, a young nurse came and sat beside me. When I had 35 my sorrow a little, she handed me a tissue and asked if I wanted to talk. I asked again if we could remove the tube.
The nurse replied, “Not today. But remember, tomorrow is a new day.”
She seemed much younger than me, but her words were 36 and hope-filled, and I held on
to them. I remembered her advice and repeated it to myself multiple times a day. The nurse changed my perspective away from current 37 to see the hope of tomorrow. Gradually, things started to 38 . On day eight, my son drank half of his milk without the tube. On day ten, the doctors approved taking off the tube 39 . “Tomorrow” came. It just came a few days later than expected. On day fifteen, we were released from the hospital, and my son “graduated” from the NICU.
What I learned from that nurse was to look beyond today and the suffering of it and to consider tomorrow with 40 . After all, tomorrow is a new day.
31. A. controlled B. destroyed C. questioned D. recalled
32. A. protested B. wondered C. forgot D. warned
33. A. maximum B. restricted C. sufficient D. additional
34. A. plot B. spot C. atmosphere D. situation
35. A. spared B. contained C. shared D. exhibited
36. A. wise B. plain C. familiar D. sharp
37. A. mistakes B. dreams C. challenges D. doubts
38. A. go away B. look up C. make sense D. fall apart
39. A. frequently B. slightly C. completely D. occasionally
40. A. intention B. imagination C. urge D. faith
（2023 北京丰台 统考二模）Dave King is in his second winter of snowplowing (铲雪) people’s driveways for free.
April Frazier is one person who has benefited from King’s kindness. She is a single mother. After one storm last year, she was busy looking after her kids and just knew she was not going to be able to get out there and___41___the snow.
Frazier saw a post online in which King invited people to contact him if they needed help with that day’s storm. She___42___to him and offered to pay him, but he refused.
Frazier was grateful — and has been___43___to see, with every storm since, King has reported to her house and plowed her driveway, never___44___a penny (一分钱). Now he also plows her parents’ driveway for free. And one time, he___45___plowed her parents’ neighbors’ driveways without anyone asking him. “He is loyal and___46___,” said Frazier.
King got the idea when he overheard a neighbor complaining she was having difficulty with the snow in her driveway. It occurred to King that he could plow the driveways of people in need for free.
King went online and invited anyone who needed their driveways plowed to get in touch with him. People were___47___at first, as though he had some kind of dishonest plan going. But they were quick to find out he was___48___and started taking him up on his offer.
King hopes to___49___this kindness and generosity and set up a whole network of volunteers to help people in need.
“King is making a positive difference in the community,” Frazier said. “He is an unsung hero for this town. He inspires hope in____50____.”
41. A. feel B. remove C. collect D. appreciate
42. A. reached out B. looked up C. held on D. gave in
43. A. proud B. anxious C. puzzled D. surprised
44. A. spotting B. costing C. expecting D. rejecting
45. A. even B. almost C. still D. rather
46. A. humorous B. committed C. optimistic D. imaginative
47. A. bored B. disappointed C. cautious D. frightened
48. A. genuine B. popular C. courageous D. wise
49. A. receive B. expand C. keep D. practice
50. A. creativity B. honesty C. confidence D. humanity
（2023 北京昌平 统考二模）“Dear department，I would like your approval if I can have a unicorn（独角兽） in my backyard if I can find one. Please send me a letter in response." In mid-November, Joyce wrote a letter to the local department of animal care and control with a(n)___51___request.
Director Annabelle Bradshaw wrote back a few weeks later with good news. She said the department does in fact license unicorns under certain___52___Those include polishing the unicorn‘’s horn（角）at least once a month，giving it___53___access to sunlight, moonlight and rainbows, and feeding it watermelons at least once a week.
___54___that Joyce would meet all the requirements, Bradshaw sent her a “preapproved unicorn license” for her future pet. “It is always___55___to hear from young people who consider providing a loving home to animals.” Bradshaw wrote. She deals with a lot of “emotionally exhausting” issues on the job. So Joyce's letter has__56___brightened her spirits. The first-grader also___57___her for wanting to ask permission in the first place, and doing her research to figure out how to go about that.
Joyce's mother didn't want to___58___her when she asked for a unicorn at first, so advised it might come down to getting approval. Joyce agreed and she ___59___and an hour later she came back and said, “Will you help me ___60___this ”
While the letter was received and replied to in a matter of weeks, Joyce thought the license would be a perfect present for her birthday this month.
51. A. special B. urgent C. reasonable D. silly
52. A. structures B. conditions C. systems D. programs
53. A. regular B. similar C. fair D. instant
54. A. Upset B. Concerned C. Confident D. Surprised
55. A. useful B. rewarding C. necessary D. important
56. A. normally B. gradually C. greatly D. carefully d''
57. A. impressed B. admired C. amused D. challenged
58. A. comfort B. punish C. excuse D. discourage
59. A. gave up B. fell over C. stood out D. marched off
60. A. test B. mail C. record D. download
参考答案
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
11.D 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.A 20.C
21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A
31．B 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．B 6．A 37．C 38．B 39．C 40. D
41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. D
51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. B 56. C 57. A 58. D 59. D 60. B2023北京高三二模英语汇编
阅读表达
（2023 北京东城 统考二模）With society’s high pressures to achieve, it’s understandable that individuals prefer to hide their weak points—but doing so comes at a cost.
I learned that lesson when I participated in a hiking expedition. As a new hiker, I struggled. The trip was difficult to me even without needing to carry my heavy camping packs. I was slowed down, yet I refused to tell my teammates in hopes that I would seem perseverant. To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.
For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times. Yet, the advantage of authenticity is evident, driving its recent popularity among thought leaders. Authenticity even improved my hiking experience—the moment my group admitted to our shortcomings was when we started working better as a team. So, can being ourselves not only help us work better, but help those who workaround us
The truth is, it can.
Researchers have found that not only did authentic workers have higher work engagement and lower work tiredness, but their teammates had the same results, regardless of whether they were genuine themselves. The results suggest that the benefits of authenticity go beyond the individual, and spread to teammates as well. So, we can improve our teammates’ work behavior by merely being ourselves.
Why does authenticity boost our teammates This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work. By focusing lesson appearing hard-working in hopes to get ahead—and more on trying to be better all-around individuals—authentic teammates can make a great impact on their work environment.
1. How did the author feel when one team member asked for a rest during the hiking
_______________________________________________________________
2. Why is it hard for people to display their true selves
_______________________________________________________________
3. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Authentic workers feel safe by being then selves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
_______________________________________________________________
4. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think authenticity can bring to us (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________
（2023 北京西城 统考二模）In the mornings, as I walked from the train station to the office, I planned my day by making a to-do list in my head: the scientific articles I would read, the data sets I would analyze, and-most urgent of all-the insights into human nature that it was my job to discover.
Each evening, I went back to the station, again going through my mental checklist but this time sizing up my performance against the expectations I'd set for myself that morning. Time and again, when comparing my to-do list with my got-done list, I felt disappointed because I had fallen short.
But one day, something very strange happened. During my trip home, without any conscious intent, my thoughts began to shift. Instead of feeling bad about my weaknesses, I said aloud very softly: I'm a nice person. I'm a nice person. I'm a nice person.
By the time I boarded my train, I was done with my little chant-until the next day when I walked home. And again, after counting my failures, I found myself saying quietly: I'm a nice person.
It turns out that there's a technical term for this practice: values affirmation. And what it boils down to is recognizing, and strengthening, the personal values you hold most dear.
When you affirm a core personal value, you shore up your sense of self-worth. You broaden your outlook: Instead of focusing on your shortfalls, you switch to a wide-angle view that includes your resources and opportunities. And the people who do this are happier, healthier, and more hopeful.
Over time, I made progress in my research and learned a lot about what makes most successful people special, including this: Nobody has passion and determination unless what they do lines up with their values.
Try values affirmation for yourself and teach the practice to your students. Take a moment and think of a value you hold dear, whether it's kindness, creativity, or gratitude. Whatever it is, name it. And then say to yourself: Come what may, I know who I am. Your values are your foundation and your compass, too. Trust them, and they will lead you home.
5. How did the author feel when she compared her to-do list with her got-done list
6. What is values affirmation
7. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
People who recognize their shortfalls are happier, healthier, and more hopeful
8. Apart from speaking out positive words, what else could you do to feel better about yourself (In about 40 words)
（2023 北京海淀 统考二模）They say to find out what you really want, go back to when you were a child.
When I was a kid, I really wanted to be a painter, but I was never great at it. I was discouraged, because in art classes my paintings were never the most beautiful. In the third grade, we were given a project to create a portrait. I used the skills and tips we were all taught in class. After we were done, we presented our portraits. We stood in front of the class and explained our technique. I remember looking at other portraits thinking, “We were given the same skills, why do theirs look so professional and mine looks so amateur ”
But I still really enjoyed painting because it's a forgiving art. If I don't like what I've put on paper, I can paint over it. I can mix colors and make new ones. Also, I can release some creative juices, use what has inspired me and allow that to pour out of me in a way I may not have imagined.
But because I have always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, I just decided to change what beauty looked like. I changed what beauty meant to me.
Throughout school, they taught us about Picasso, van Gogh and da Vinci, and I never saw myself or my art in their works. These artists were always painting whatever was in front of them and around them. But that's not what I saw around me.
Then I learned about Basquiat, who inspired me to paint abstract pictures. I paint when I'm moved, and I am often moved by what's natural: emotions, nature, and other forms of art. I am also very moved by pain. When there is pain in the world or in my heart, it can be unbearable. I had a conversation with an activist in St. Louis named Spook, and I explained to her this feeling and she told me, “Pain is energy. You have to learn how to channel that energy into something productive.” So sometimes I channel that pain into art, into a painting.
Even if the picture doesn't turn out aesthetically(美学地)pleasing by society's standards, it's still beautiful that I was able to create something. My paintings may not be a Basquiat, but they're mine, so I love them anyway.
9. What did the author find after the portrait presentation
10. What factors motivated the author to keep his passion for arts
11. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author has always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, so he tried to meet society's standards.
12. Besides painting, what other art form would you use to express beauty And explain why. (In about 40 words)
（2023 北京朝阳 统考二模）The term “nostalgia” was first coined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return. However, today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. It’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory.
In numerous scientific experiments, researchers have found that subjects are much more likely to report positive feelings from a given piece of music if they’ve heard it before. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”, because memory skills can take people into the future, too. Decades of studies have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards. For example, athletes who practice by mentally visualizing and imagining successful performances in the future do perform better.
All these findings are inspiring and attractive. How could you become a confident time traveler to the past or into the future Here are some tips for you:
To take pleasure in helpful memories, maybe to reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity.
If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful—for reassurance, say—keep using it! You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time.
When you’re procrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished, and use that positive image to drive you into action.
Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Don’t just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it’s going to change your life.
There’ll still be times when old thoughts remind you of sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next. But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.
13. What did nostalgia originally mean
14. What have the researchers found about time travel
15. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.
16. Describe one of the helpful time-travel experiences in your life. (In about 40 words)
（2023 北京丰台 统考二模）Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care for a severe case. As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
“Every day I would input my vital signs on the app,” Brain said. “If anything went wrong or wasn’t right, a nurse would call me straight away.”
Brain spent six weeks on this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his local NHS hospital in partnership with Doccla, a healthcare technology company. He is one of thousands of patients to have been treated in new “hospitals at home”, seen by NHS leaders as a “lifeline” for overwhelmed hospitals that have run out of beds. 2,500 virtual ward beds were already in use, ensuring that people could “get the care they need from their own homes”.
Retz, founder of Docile, said soon there could be “regional command centers”, where a doctor or nurse monitored data from hundreds of patients displayed on a dashboard. “It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor,” he said.
Noel O’Kelly, clinical director at Spirit Health, said, “Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients. We have already seen very encouraging results from the use of virtual wards for older patients.”
Virtual wards allow real potential to support people to recover well in the community. The model is not a silver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it should not worsen health inequalities, but it could present a vital lifeline for the system.
17. How was Brain treated after his condition stabilized
_______________________________________________________________________
18. What do “regional command centers” and traditional ward rounds have in common
_______________________________________________________________________
19. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.
_______________________________________________________________________
20. Besides what’s mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think virtual hospitals may have (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
（2023 北京昌平 统考二模）There are many historical sites and places in the world that give us insight and evidence of the past civilization. These sites help us learn about our ancestors, their living and culture. These sites can be called common or universal heritage（遗产）of humankind and our world heritage.
These sites from the past civilizations are for all humans. We must live in them today and also pass them on to future generations. They teach us about our past and represent the great achievements of our ancestors and make us proud. World heritage has historical, cultural and economic significance. It has exceptional value and importance for humankind from history, science and arts points of view and must be cared for.
Many UNESCO sites that stand today are under threat. There is a list of thirty sites by UNESCO that are endangered. There are many external factors responsible for damaging the world heritage, some of which are climate change, natural disasters, urbanization and unchecked tourism etc.
With the growing strength of these external factors, it is becoming more and more important to take proper measures to save and preserve these timeless achievements of humankind. There are many communities and organizations in the world which are working to protect these sites. We can work with these organizations, travel agencies, government groups and local communities. We should join them to support their cause. Another way to play our part is to shoulder travel responsibility Tourism can generate funds for the restoration of historical sites but at the same time unchecked tourism can damage them seriously.
The younger generation must preserve the identity of the people who came before them. No matter what is our reach, we should help protect them through effective means. Our every step would count and help in protecting the world heritage sites.
21.Why can many historical sites be called world heritage
22.What is Paragraph 2 mainly talking about
23.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tourism can bring economic benefits which are used to restore the historical sites, so we should remove the limitations on tourism.
24.What can we do to shoulder our responsibilities to protect world heritage sites (In about 40 words)
参考答案
1. He felt happy and surprised. /He felt relieved.
2. Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment.
3. Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe.
4.略。
5. She felt disappointed.
6. It is recognizing and strengthening the personal values you hold most dear.
7. People who recognize their shortfalls are happier, healthier, and more hopeful.
People who switch to a wide-angle view that includes their resources and opportunities, instead of focusing on their shortfalls, are happier, healthier, and more hopeful.
8.略
9. What did the author find after the portrait presentation
Others’/Other kids’ portraits looked so professional and/but his looked so amateur.
10. What factors motivated the author to keep his passion for painting
His childhood dream; His belief that paining is a forgiving art; The inspiration he got from Basquiat; The fact that he could channel pain into art. (列出至少两条)
11. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author has always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, so he tried to meet society’s standards.
So he just decided to change what beauty looked like, and he changed what beauty meant to him.
So he changed what beauty looked like.
So he changed what beauty meant to him.
But he didn’t try to meet the society’s standards.
12. Besides painting, what other art form would you use to express beauty And explain why. (In about 40 words)
I use singing to express beauty. By singing my favorite songs, I can voice my passion and appreciation towards beautiful things in life. Besides, any musical elements like lyrics, melody or rhyme can be expressive, conveying beauty and enjoyment to the audience.
13. A mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return.
14. They have found that time travel to the past and into the future both bring benefits to us.
15. Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.
We should use a positive end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.
16. (1) I often imagine myself attending my ideal university in September 2023 to cheer myself up. Picturing myself wandering on the campus and enjoying the harvest in the golden autumn can give me the motivation to overcome nervousness and stress at present with an optimistic attitude and in full gear.
(2) I recall the time of winning the first prize in a speech contest two years ago. Standing on the stage reaching out for the prize, I was filled with pride. This experience serves as a constant source of encouragement and confidence for me to keep working hard to improve myself.
17. He was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
18. Patients submit data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor.
19. Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.
According to the passage, older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to their health.
20. 言之有理即可。I think virtual wards can improve the quality of life for older people because living at home can ensure that they eat better and participate in normal social interaction.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是虚拟病房的优点。
【17题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段的“As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.(病情一稳定，他就带着手机和血压计等设备被送回家。)”可知，他被送回家时带着包括电话和血压计在内的设备。故答案为He was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
【18题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段的“It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor(它的工作方式与医院的传统查房类似，患者每天提交一到两次数据，由医生审查)”可知，“区域指挥中心”和传统的查房的共同之处在于患者每天提交一到两次数据，由医生审查。故答案为Patients submit data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor.
【19题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients.(老年人希望尽可能少地住院，避免去医院，尤其是频繁的住院和长时间的住院会损害老年患者的健康。)”可知，老年人希望少住院的原因是因为长时间住院不利于身体健康，而不是因为医院的医疗资源有限，故答案为Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited. According to the passage, older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to their health.
【20题详解】
考查推理判断。言之有理即可。根据文章可知，我认为虚拟病房可以提高老年人的生活质量，因为在家居住可以确保老年人吃得更好，也可参加正常的社交。故答案为I think virtual wards can improve the quality of life for older people because living at home can ensure that they eat better and participate in normal social interaction.
21.Because they help us learn about our ancestors, their living and culture.
Because they give us insight and evidence of the past civilization.
22.The importance of historical sites.
23. Tourism can bring economic benefits which are used to restore the historical sites, so we should remove the limitations on tourism.
According to the passage, unchecked tourism can damage them seriously.
24. Possible version:
We should visit world heritage sites in a responsible and sustainable way. We must follow tourism rules, including that we mustn't paint, carve or climb at will. Additionally, we can stop other tourists from behaving badly. Only when everyone takes action can we complete this great project.2023北京高三二模英语汇编
七选五
（2023 北京东城 统考二模）We have all been guilty of being over optimistic when predicting how long a task will take because of the planning fallacy. First identified in 1977, the planning fallacy was defined as: “the tendency to underestimate the amount of time needed to complete a future task, due in part to the reliance on overly optimistic performance scenarios (预测).”
It is extremely common._____1_____For instance, a study conducted with psychology students found that only 30% of them managed to complete their senior papers in the amount of time they predicted.
What’s more, the planning fallacy is an incredibly stubborn problem._____2_____While we are able to recognise past predictions where we have been over-optimistic, we often keep on insisting that our current predictions are realistic.
The planning fallacy is such a deep-rooted behavior. However, there are a few systematic strategies you can use to start building the habit of double-checking your time estimates. For instance, you can take the outside view._____3_____Make sure to consult experts and people who have attempted to complete similar projects in the past. If you’re a student, talk to senior students; if you’re writing a book, join a network of writers.
_____4_____You need to differentiate between tasks that are urgent and important, important but not urgent, urgent but not important, neither urgent nor important.
Once you have an objective estimate of the time it will take to complete a project, you need to make sure you have the time and resources to carry out your plan._____5_____Breakdown big tasks into smaller, manageable chunks. Don’t wait until the last minute to let people know you may need their help in the near future.
A. Defining your priorities also helps.
B. We don’t learn from our previous mistakes.
C. Do not base your estimates on your own criteria.
D. Focusing on fine details is the recommended practice.
E. We can see many failed or late projects, which lead to timewasting.
F. There have been lots of studies confirming the existence of the planning fallacy.
G. Block time in your calendar, and make sure the resources you need are available.
（2023 北京西城 统考二模）As a doctor, I can give you a lot of useful advice about how to get healthy and stay that way, but you don't need me to tell you that exercise is good for you. Staying active can benefit the heart, the waistline, even the mind.__6__More than 60% of American adults don't exercise regularly, and many say they don't exercise at all. More than 72 million are overweight, and almost all of them would like to lose the extra pounds. So, if exercise is such a good idea, why don't more people do it
__7__Even as I write this, I am watching my two-year-old run around in circles. Kids seem to be born in constant motion, but along the way that behavior changes.
The slowdown occurs for most at the beginning of college. Academic pressure and lack of organized sports are certainly part of the problem. A bigger part may be looking at life changes as an occasion to blow up old rules and not create new ones in their place. __8__The demands of a new job usually mean less time at the gym. How about a new marriage How many times have we seen just-married couples looking a lot heavier in first-anniversary photos than they did in the wedding pictures
__9__People who set general goals, like “I will exercise in my free time,”did a far worse job of sticking to that plan than did people who made a firm commitment, like “I will walk to my friend's house and back every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.”
The good news is, there are solutions to all these. We can begin with exercises as simple as remembering to sit straighter or drink enough water. Specific workout plans can turn a general desire to exercise into a firm commitment. __10__
We may never again have the energy of a two-year-old, but getting back even a little of our early-life energy can make our later lives a whole lot healthier.
A. Being in college is certainly part of the problem.
B. This is especially so when it comes to staying fit.
C. Not having a clearly defined exercise plan can hurt.
D. We often wish to go back to our two-year-old selves.
E. For instance, you can schedule a weekly gym visit with friends.
F. Still, there's a real disconnect between what we know and what we do.
G. The most puzzling part of our inactive nature is that we don't start out that way.
（2023 北京海淀 统考二模）Humans have long tried to conquer water. We've straightened once-winding rivers for shipping purposes. We've constructed levees(防洪堤)along rivers and lakes to protect people from flooding-We've erected entire cities on drained and filled-in wetlands. We've built dams on rivers to store water for later use.
___11___But it's not, argues environmental journalist Erica Gies, author of Water Always Wins. Levees, which narrow channels causing water to flow higher and faster, nearly always break. Cities on former wetlands flood regularly—often disastrously. Dams starve downstream areas of sediment(沉积物) needed to protect coasts against rising seas. Straightened streams move faster than winding ones, giving water less time to flow downward. And they wash away riverbed ecosystems.
In addition to laying out this damage done by supposed water control, Gies takes readers on a hopeful global tour of solutions to these problems. Along the way, she introduces “water detectives” —scientists, engineers, urban planners, and many others. ___12___
These water detectives have found ways to give the slippery substance the time and space it needs to flow slowly underground. Around Seattle's Thornton Creek, for instance, reclaimed land now allows for regular flooding, which has renewed riverbed habitat and created an urban oasis. In California's Central Valley, scientists want to find ways to move unpolluted storm water into subsurface valleys that make ideal aquifers(含水层).___13___
While some people are exploring new ways to manage water, others are leaning on ancient knowledge. Researchers in Peru are now studying old-style methods of water storage, which don't require dams, in hopes of ensuring a steady flow of water to Lima—Peru's populous capital that's periodically affected by water shortage.___14___“Decision makers come from a culture of concrete,” Gies writes, “in which dams, pipes and desalination factories are standard.”
Understanding how to work with, not against, water will help humankind weather this age of drought and flood that's being worsened by climate change.___15___Instead, we must learn to live within our water means because water will undoubtedly win.
A. Controlling water, Gies convincingly argues, is a false belief.
B. Instead of trying to control water, they ask: What does water want
C. It seems that water is cooperative and willing to flow where we direct it.
D. These old-style underwater concrete techniques pave the way for the construction of dams.
E. To further understand the whole ecosystem, they believe effective water control requires effort.
F. The study may help convince those who favor concrete-centric solutions to try something new.
G. Feeding groundwater supplies will in turn sustain rivers from below, which helps to maintain water levels and ecosystems.
（2023 北京朝阳 统考二模）In our modern world, there are endless alternatives. Have you ever found yourself wondering whether you should quit or stay in your job, accept an offer or give it up for another There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem. 16 When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision.
In the field of economics, opportunity cost is the value that you have to give up when you choose an option over another good option. 17 Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits. It is not all the other options, but the most valued one that is defined as the opportunity cost.
18 Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes. You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time. 19 This is how you create priorities in your daily life.
Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify. 20 After all, putting a number to your peaceful mind or happiness can be difficult.
Opportunity cost isn’t cut and dried. It varies from person to person. At the end of the day, you
are in charge of what you own and what you want to gain.
A. It is about finding out the opportunity cost.
B. Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision.
C. Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life.
D. This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit.
E. The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch.
F. Most people overlook opportunity cost because the benefits are usually hidden from view.
G. It is the development of important skills that would help you move forward in your daily life.
（2023 北京丰台 统考二模）The term “growth mindset” has become something of a buzzword in our life. You can find it everywhere you look—in the seminars of motivational speakers, in the education course descriptions, and in the mission statements of companies.____21____
One of the biggest misconceptions about growth mindset is that it is the same thing as being open-minded in your beliefs. This is untrue. Being open-minded in your beliefs is often the belief on what true growth mindset is, but this is actually called “false growth mindset” in the research community.____22____What this means is that they have a fixed belief on their intelligence level, which is exactly what a fixed mindset is. They believe that they are growing, when in reality they are not.
Being open-minded to other people’s beliefs and new things is great, but it does not mean that you are actually learning anything. Furthermore, there is no way to ever have a truly complete growth mindset.____23____It is important that you accept this and embrace it, while still desiring to experience growth anyway. This is the only way you can truly foster as m’ of a growth mindset as humanly possible.
____24____Unproductive efforts that are merely done for the reward or outcome are not considered to be growth mindset. True growth mindset has nothing to do with reward or outcome. Rather, it is based entirely on the learning and growing process itself. When you are invested in a growth mindset, you are invested in the process regardless of the outcome.
____25____You cannot simply “have” a growth mindset. You have to want one, and invest in having one. Understanding the truth about growth mindset will enable you to understand exactly how this trait can assist you in life.
A. Mindset is a lot harder than “just do it”.
B. It is virtually impossible, as we are all fixed in some way or another.
C. Another false belief is that growth mindset is about rewarded efforts.
D. A second misconception is that people’s motivation comes from the process.
E. But despite its popularity, some people don’t understand what it actually means.
F. This is essentially people who have an “I already have it, and I always have” attitude.
G. Growth mindset assists people in having greater results from what they set out to accomplish.
（2023 北京昌平 统考二模）Communion is a very difficult art. To commune with one another over many problems that we have requires listening and learning, which are both very difficult to do. 26 To commune with each other, we require a certain capacity, a certain way of listening-not merely to gather information, which any schoolboy can do, but rather listening in order to understand.
27 Learning is not merely the accumulation（积累）of knowledge. Knowledge never changes the way you think; experience never flowers into the beauty of understanding. Most of us listen with the background of what we know and we have experienced. Perhaps you have never noticed the difference between the mind that really learns and the mind that merely gathers knowledge. 28 It is always translating what it hears in terms of its own experience or in terms of the knowledge which it has gathered. It is caught up in the process of accumulating and adding to what it already knows, and such a mind is incapable of learning. I do not know if you have noticed this. So it seems to me very important that we commune with each other quietly, in a dignified manner, and for that there must be a listening and a learning.
When you commune with your own heart, when you commune with your friend, when you commune with the skies, with the stars, with the sunset, with a flower, then surely you are listening so as to learn. It does not mean that you accept or deny. 29 When you commune with the sunset, with a friend, with your wife or with your child, you do not criticize, you do not deny or support, translate or identify. You are communing. You are learning. You are searching out. 30
I think it is important to understand that a man who accumulates can never learn. Self-learning implies a fresh and eager mind-a mind that is not committed, that does not belong to anything and that is not limited to any particular field. It is only such a mind that learns.
A. Most of us hardly listen, and we hardly learn.
B. Here is a personal story that illustrates this difference
C The mind that is accumulating knowledge never learns.
D. How can we make the shift from accumulating to learning
E. It seems to me of the utmost importance that we do listen in order to learn.
F. From this inquiry comes the movement of learning, which is never accumulative.
G. CYou are learning and either acceptance or denial of what is being said puts an end to learning.
参考答案
1. F 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. G
6. F 7. G 8. B 9. C 10. E
11. C 12. B 13. G 14. F 15. A
16．A 17．E 18．C 19．B 20．D
21. E 22. F 23. B 24. C 25. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是成长型思维模式以及对成长型思维模式的误解。
【21题详解】
空前“You can find it everywhere you look—in the seminars of motivational speakers, in the education course descriptions, and in the mission statements of companies.(你可以在任何地方找到它——在励志演说家的研讨会上，在教育课程的描述中，在公司的使命宣言中。)”讲述成长性思维这个说法无处不在，很受欢迎，下一段“One of the biggest misconceptions about growth mindset is that it is the same thing as being open-minded in your beliefs.(关于成长型思维模式的最大误解之一是，它与你的信仰持开放态度是一回事。)”说明很多人不理解成长型思维模式的真正含义，E选项“But despite its popularity, some people don’t understand what it actually means.(尽管它很受欢迎，但有些人并不理解它的真正含义。)”说明很多人不理解成长型思维模式的真正含义，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
【22题详解】
空前“Being open-minded in your beliefs is often the belief on what true growth mindset is, but this is actually called “false growth mindset” in the research community.(对你的信仰持开放态度通常是对什么是真正的成长型思维模式的信念，但这实际上在研究界被称为“错误的成长型思维模式”。)”讲述对你的信仰持开放态度是错误的成长型思维模式，空后“What this means is that they have a fixed belief on their intelligence level, which is exactly what a fixed mindset is. They believe that they are growing, when in reality they are not.(这意味着他们对自己的智力水平有一个固定的信念，这就是固定思维模式。他们认为自己在成长，而实际上并没有。)”讲述错误的成长型思维模式的表现，因此空格处应该也是介绍错误的成长型思维模式，F选项“This is essentially people who have an “I already have it, and I always have” attitude.(这类人本质上是一种“我已经拥有了，而且我一直都有”的态度。)”承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【23题详解】
空前说“Being open-minded to other people’s beliefs and new things is great, but it does not mean that you are actually learning anything. Furthermore, there is no way to ever have a truly complete growth mindset.(对别人的信仰和新事物持开放的态度是很好的，但这并不意味着你真的学到了什么。此外，没有办法拥有一个真正完整的成长型思维模式。)”，说明人不能拥有一个真正完整的成长型思维模式，B选项“It is virtually impossible, as we are all fixed in some way or another.(这实际上是不可能的，因为我们都以这样或那样的方式被固定住了。)”解释不能拥有一个真正完整的成长型思维模式的原因是我们被固定住了，符合语境，与上文是因果关系。故选B。
【24题详解】
空后“Unproductive efforts that are merely done for the reward or outcome are not considered to be growth mindset. True growth mindset has nothing to do with reward or outcome.(仅仅为了回报或结果而做出的非生产性努力不被认为是成长型思维模式。真正的成长型思维模式与回报或结果无关。)”说明的是对成长型思维模式的另一个误解，成长型思维模式与回报或结果有关，C选项“Another false belief is that growth mindset is about rewarded efforts.(另一个错误的信念是，成长型思维模式是关于有回报的努力。)”说明了另一个误解是成长型思维模式是关于有回报的努力，符合语境，下文对前文进行具体的解析。故选C。
【25题详解】
空后说“You cannot simply “have” a growth mindset. You have to want one, and invest in having one.(你不能简单地“拥有”成长型思维模式。你必须想要并为拥有一个（成长型思维）而投资。)”说明拥有成长型思维没有那么简单，因此成长型思维不是说做就做得到的，你必须为之努力，A选项“Mindset is a lot harder than “just do it”.(思维模式比“说做就做”要难得多。)”说明了思维模式很难获得，引起下文，符合语境，故选A。
26. A 27 E 28. C 29. G 30. F2023北京高三二模英语汇编
阅读理解B篇
（2023 北京东城 统考二模）Run by Society for Science, Regeneron Science Talent Search is a premier science and math competition for high-school seniors. One of the winners of this year is 17-year-oldE than Wong, who tries to improve existing technology. His focus: airplanes.
Nearly all planes have a tail. The tail keeps the plane’s nose from suddenly changing direction during a turn. The structure adds stability but weighs the plane down. Tailless-designed airplane wings could serve the same function as the tail, as well as cutting the environmental cost of air travel. But there’s a catch. Those wings must twist(弯曲) in a very precise way that makes them hard to produce.
Ethan became fascinated by this kind of airplane design when he saw a video of NASA’s Prandtl-D aircraft gliding gracefully through the air without a tail. “I just thought that was really cool,” says Ethan. He wondered if he could find a simpler way to achieve the same tailless flight.
“Essentially what I did was just trial and error,” Ethan says. Using a computer model of an airplane wing, he adjusted the angle of twist along the wing until it could achieve tailless flight. Usually, such a wing requires a continuous distribution of wing twist. But he could achieve a similar effect with wings that had just a few sections of twist. “It’s super easy to make,” Ethan says.
In his garage, Ethan built model airplanes using rubber materials and packing tape totes this design. “Seeing the plane in the air was pretty cool,” Ethan says. “It just flew really, really well.”
Lighter, more efficient planes could open the door to other air travel innovations. “It’s been a long-term goal of mine to build a solar plane that can fly through the day powered by solar panels on its wings,” Ethan says. “It is absolutely possible for a really efficient plane.”
To other teens who have big engineering ideas to explore, Ethan always says, “Don’t ever give up.” Even when some machinery feels impossible to understand, it help store member that the world’s greatest inventors are only human, too. “Also, just make sure you love whatever you do,” Ethan adds. “That’ll make pursuing everything a lot easier.”
1. What is one advantage of the tailless airplane
A. It makes aircraft design easier.
B. It is environmentally friendly.
C. It reduces production costs.
D. It promotes flight stability.
2. What drew Ethan’s attention to the tailless airplane design
A. The breakthrough in aircraft materials.
B. The flight of an aircraft in a video.
C. The prize for original design.
D. The desire for innovation.
3. In Ethan’s opinion, what help inventors realize their dreams
A. Ambition and efficiency.
B. Enthusiasm and responsibility.
C. Passion and determination.
D. Confidence and independence.
（2023 北京西城 统考二模）I wrestled her to the ground for the keys, literally. Indeed, when she opened the door to leave the house at 11 pm for the movies despite my words, I actually wrestled my 16-year-old daughter to the ground.
I did not know how to deal with a rebellious（叛逆的）teenager. We are a family of strong wills, from the top down. All my kids had pushed and argued. Everyone “kind of” followed the rules. As they got older, especially when they hit high school, I saw the power shifting, but it hadn't been so obvious. I had not seen much in-your-face rebellion.
Until this happened.
I called Amy Speidel, a wise and practical parenting expert. She stayed on the phone with me and listened to my wild complaint about my disrespectful kid. She listened for almost two hours and then gave me some suggestions.
Amy told me that my daughter's behavior was "developmentally appropriate"-she was supposed to test the boundaries. Amy also said that it was great that my daughter would be able to stand up for herself in a relationship that wasn't working.
Those comments really made me feel awful. I hadn't considered anything positive about her behavior-but outside of our mother-daughter relationship, I would never want to devalue my daughter's strong will.
After talking with Amy, I realized that I was the one who needed help understanding discipline vs control. Honestly, I did hate that the responsibility was on me. I wanted permission to scream and punish. But I listened to Amy and here's what I learned.
1. My daughter's behavior was normal. That eased my fears that I had raised a terrible human and failed as a mother.
2.My daughter's strong personality was a strength. That revelation was a huge gift. I value her qualities but don't want them used against me. I will soften my response and listen to her.
3. I went crazy. In fact, I crossed a line. And that happens. But I learned to apologize and reset so that we could move forward.
My job, therefore, is to learn new responses that offer my daughter options and realistic consequences, not empty threats. And hopefully, this will change my relationship with my daughter.
4.What is the actual reason the author had a fight with her daughter
A. The daughter wouldn't give her the keys.
B. The daughter didn't come back until 11 pm.
C. The daughter insisted on going out late at night.
D. The daughter wanted to go to the movies with friends.
5.The comments made the author feel“awful”because_________.
A. she had helped her daughter to test boundaries
B. she didn't treasure the mother-daughter relationship
C. she thought Amy was criticizing her daughter's upbringing
D. she hadn't noticed the desirable aspects of her daughter's behavior
6.After the phone call, the author learned that_________.
A. her daughter's strong character should be softened
B. she should constructively deal with conflict
C. her daughter should control her behavior
D. she should admit her failure as a mother
7.According to Amy, what should the author say if the same situation happens again
A. “Do you really think you can just walk out the door like that ”
B. “It's not safe to be out so late. What about tomorrow afternoon ”
C. “It doesn't matter whether you go out or not. I will support you.”
D. “You have been disrespectful and can't go out tonight. Is that clear ”
（2023 北京海淀 统考二模）When the need for information technology service arises, it can be a stressful moment—the user is locked out of their computer, or a program isn't working properly. But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics, or the News Office—the Institute divisions that are fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, they'll acknowledge that not only is Walton the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with the outcome. Walton usually arrives on the scene with endless positive energy that transforms a technical annoyance into an enjoyable interaction, regardless of how many other IT fires he has already put out that day.
The qualities that make him a star employee extend far beyond the campus. After spending his early years in foster care, Walton lived with his great-grandmother, but mostly, he was left to support himself. While many children might, understandably, lie flat under such unsupervised circumstances, Walton excelled academically and athletically at high school. He became the first person in his family to graduate from high school, and enrolled in college.
Walton seized the chance to enroll in Year Up, a program aiming to close the “opportunity divide” by providing young adults with the skills, experience, and support that will empower them to reach their potential through professional careers and higher education. Walton remains an active ambassador for the organization.
In June of 2007,armed with shining recommendations, Walton was hired as a temp (临时工)at MIT. He eventually worked his way up to where he is today—an invaluable asset (不可或缺的人)to three departments. “I do feel lucky to work at MIT,” he says. “I've had the ability to tour the country sharing my story in hopes that some people may be inspired and employers may see young adults with tough backgrounds differently.”
In addition to Year Up, he is involved with a number of organizations committed to helping young adults overcome their troubled pasts. This desire to have a positive impact on people's lives extends seamlessly into his work at MIT. “Giving back is very important to me,” Walton says. “So many people have invested their time and energy into helping me, so I feel it would be an injustice not to do so.”
8. Staff members in MIT sing high praise for Walton mainly because
A. he enjoys interacting with his clients
B. he knows how to put out fires for others
C. he solves problems with a positive attitude
D. he is good at developing computer programs
9.What do we know about Walton before he went to college
A. He depended on his great-grandma for a living.
B. He stood out in study and sports in high school.
C. He lay flat just like other unsupervised children.
D. He was supported by foster care for better education.
10. Why did Walton get involved with a lot of organizations
A. To share his troubled past with young adults.
B. To pay back to society by helping young adults.
C. To advise businesses to treat young adults fairly.
D. To promote education equality among young adults.
11. What can we conclude from Walton's story
A. One good turn deserves another.
B. Opportunities favor the prepared mind.
C. Education is a powerful weapon to change the world.
D. One's future is defined by his efforts, not by his origin.
（2023 北京朝阳 统考二模）I lost my leg to cancer at 30. My first trip out of the house as a one-legged woman would be to see a sick friend in hospital with my mom.
As I made my way through the hospital, I was prepared for looks of curiosity, sympathy, and even shock. But one thing shook me to a depth I had never experienced before. Two kids were playing in the hallway. As I passed by on my crutches (拐杖), they looked up at me, and suddenly, the little boy pointed at me. “Look at that lady!” It seemed that he was shouting loud enough for the entire hospital to hear. “She only has one leg! Doesn’t that look funny ”
Both of the kids burst into laughter. Heads turned, and I felt the blood rush to my face. I put my head down and rushed out as fast as I dared on my crutches. I held my tears back until the car door closed. As I fell into the seats, I cried, “How could they think this is funny ”
My mom tried her best to comfort me, “Honey, they are just kids. They don’t know any better.” They were just kids, but that did not excuse their rude behavior. I felt a wave of belief flood through me. I knew what I had to do. “Well, someone has to teach them!” I said. And I knew that someone would be me.
When I was well enough, I started to visit elementary schools and talk to children about being different. I was teaching children to be respectful of people who are different, and teaching them people come in all shapes, colors and sizes and we are each special and unique.
Speaking to children was just the beginning for me. I became an inspirational speaker and author and learned that being grateful for all the remaining parts of me was the only way to start and end my day. I shared my story in my book called I Am Choosing to Smile. I do, indeed, choose to smile. Waking up every morning, I look down at my one foot and say with all sincerity, “Good morning, five toes. I’m very glad to see you!”
12. What shocked the author in the hospital
A. The curious look a boy had. B. The words a boy shouted out.
C. The game the boys were playing. D. The sympathy the boys expressed.
13. How did the experience in the hospital change the author
A. She found the purpose of her life. B. She began to realize her difference.
C. She understood kids’ characteristics. D. She learned the importance of respect.
14. Which of the following words can best describe the author
A. Patient. B. Brave. C. Intelligent. D. Caring.
（2023 北京丰台 统考二模）When I was little, my dad would let me sit beside him on the porch while he painted. He would tell me how the cow by itself is just a cow, and the meadow by itself is just grass and flowers, and the sun peeking through the trees is just a beam of light, but put them all together and you’ve got magic.
I understood what he was saying, but I’ve never felt what he was saying until one day when I was up in the sycamore tree to rescue a kite stuck in the branches. It was a long way up, but I thought I’d give it a shot. I started climbing. Then I looked down. And suddenly I got dizzy and weak. I was miles off the ground! But the kite was still beyond my reach. I caught my breath and forced myself to concentrate on the kite as I climbed up.
When I had the kite free, I needed a minute to rest. That’s when the fear of being up so high began to lift, and in its place came the most amazing feeling that I was flying. Just soaring above the earth, sailing among the clouds.
Then I began to notice how wonderful the breeze smelled. It seemed like sunshine and wild grass and rain! I couldn’t stop breathing it in, filling my lungs again and again with the sweetest smell I’d ever known.
I never got over the view. I kept thinking of what it felt like to be up so high in that tree. I wanted to see it, to feel it, again. And again.
It wasn’t long before I wasn’t afraid of being up so high and found the spot that became my spot. I could sit there for hours, just looking out at the world. Sunsets were amazing. Some days they’d be purple and pink, some days they’d be a blazing orange, setting fire to clouds across the horizon.
It was on a day like that when my father’s notion (观念) moved from my head to my heart. The view from my sycamore was more than rooftops and clouds and wind and colors combined.
And I started marveling (惊奇) at how I was feeling both humble and majestic. How was that possible How could I be so full of peace and full of wonder
It was magic.
15. Why did the author climb up the sycamore tree
A. To play in the tree. B. To get a trapped kite.
C. To prove her courage. D. To practice climbing skills.
16. The author’s climbing experience was .
A. unusual but painful B. competitive and imaginative
C. adventurous but rewarding D. well-planned and interesting
17. Why did the author like being up high in the tree
A. Because the tree had the sweetest smell.
B. Because it could help her to concentrate.
C. Because her father encouraged her to do so.
D. Because she could enjoy more than good views.
18. What message does the author want to convey
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. Positive action leads to happiness.
C. Beautiful things don’t ask for attention.
D. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
（2023 北京昌平 统考二模）Ever wonder what happens to spacecraft after they get launched to space Well, that is where my job as an instrument operations engineer comes in. My job consists of planning, generating, and operating scientific instruments in-flight. I am grateful for having worked on missions at Saturn, the Moon, and our own planet Earth.
When I was a high-schooler, I was unsure of what college I wanted to attend, or what major I wanted to choose. After receiving an email from a college called Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),I decided to apply to a summer program they were offering with the encouragement of my mom. After participating in that program, I knew that MIT was the right university for me. The passionate students and boundless opportunities developed a feeling of belonging in me that led me to apply and eventually get accepted.
The most exciting and fulfilling part of being an engineer is that I am able to work on projects that benefit humanity. When people think of the space industry, they picture the outer reaches of our solar system. What they may not imagine is the great body of work being done to study our own home-Earth. I am thankful to have a career that allows me to commit myself to that responsibility.
The highlight of my career has been witnessing the end of the Cassini mission to Saturn. Some of the people on the team had been working on the mission for longer than I had been alive, but they still treated me as one of their own. I was given the opportunity to operate the cameras that would catch breathtaking images of the planet. And when the Cassini spacecraft had run out of fuel, I quickly learned that it was not just the end of the mission, but the end of a team. The night we watched with bittersweet longing as its signal faded to nothing is something that I will always keep in my memories. And while Cassini will be remembered for its historic contributions, what I will remember it for is the team it brought together.
My friends often ask why a girl could achieve all these. I always grew up a big fan of fiction. I read the Harry Potter books and loved anything fantasy. I realized that a common theme of hero stories is that the hero must always make a choice to start their adventure. If you don't pick up the sword in your own story because you are afraid of what may happen next, you risk not having a story at all.
19.Why did the author apply to MIT
A. The majors in MIT interested her.
B. Her mother urged her to go to MIT.
C. She set this goal as a high-schooler.
D. A summer program made her love MIT.
20.What does the author think about her occupation
A. It's easy to predict what she does.
B. It's hard for a girl to have such a career.
C. She is annoyed by being misunderstood.
D. She is proud to work for human well-being.
21.What does the author value most in the Cassini mission
A. Its historic contributions.
B. The team it brought together.
C. Breathtaking images of the planet.
D. The opportunity to operate the cameras.
22.What can we learn from the story
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. No way is impossible to courage.
C. Well begun is half done.
D. Time lost cannot be won again.
参考答案
1. B 2. B 3. C
4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B
8. C 9. B 10. B 11. D
12．B 13．A 14．B
15. B 16. C 17. D 18. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过爬到树上看到从来没有欣赏过的景色的经历明白了爸爸说过的整体大于各部分的总和的道理。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“I understood what he was saying, but I’ve never felt what he was saying until one day when I was up in the sycamore tree to rescue a kite stuck in the branches.(我明白他在说什么，但我从来没有感受过他说的，直到有一天，我爬上梧桐树去救一个卡在树枝上的风筝)”可知，作者爬上一棵梧桐树去取一只被困住的风筝。故选B。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“When I had the kite free, I needed a minute to rest. That’s when the fear of being up so high began to lift, and in its place came the most amazing feeling that I was flying. Just soaring above the earth, sailing among the clouds.(当我放开风筝的时候，我需要休息一分钟。就在这时，对飞得这么高的恐惧开始消失，取而代之的是一种最奇妙的感觉，那就是我在飞翔。在大地之上翱翔，在云中航行)”和第二段最后四句“And suddenly I got dizzy and weak. I was miles off the ground! But the kite was still beyond my reach. I caught my breath and forced myself to concentrate on the kite as I climbed up.(突然间，我感到头晕和虚弱。我离地好几英里了！但是风筝还是够不着。我屏住呼吸，强迫自己集中精力在风筝上)”可推知，作者的登山经历惊险而有益。故选C。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“I never got over the view. I kept thinking of what it felt like to be up so high in that tree. I wanted to see it, to feel it, again. And again.(我从来没有欣赏过这里的景色。我一直在想站在那么高的树上是什么感觉。我想再次看到它，感受它。一次又一次)”和第七段最后一句“The view from my sycamore was more than rooftops and clouds and wind and colors combined.(从我的梧桐树上看到的不仅仅是屋顶、云、风和色彩的结合)”可知，作者喜欢站在高高的树上是因为她可以欣赏到更多的美景。故选D。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When I was little, my dad would let me sit beside him on the porch while he painted. He would tell me how the cow by itself is just a cow, and the meadow by itself is just grass and flowers, and the sun peeking through the trees is just a beam of light, but put them all together and you’ve got magic.(当我还小的时候，我爸爸会让我坐在他旁边的门廊上，让他画画。他会告诉我，奶牛本身就是一头牛，草地本身就是草和花，从树丛中透出的阳光只是一束光，但把它们放在一起，你就会看到魔法)”和最后一段“It was magic.(这是魔法)”可推知，作者想要表达的是整体大于各部分的总和。故选D。
19. D 20. D 21. B 22. B