2021-2023北京高中合格考英语汇编
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（2023·北京·高二统考学业考试）The body gives off many gases. Although some smells may signal a need to bathe or that you ate a certain meal, other gases might point to serious disease. Now, researchers have come up with a system that uses earmuffs to catch the disease-signaling gases. Doctors could get the information as patients wear a set of earmuffs. Results could be ready within minutes.
“The ear is a good place to monitor,” explains Johnson, a biomedical engineer. The ear’s skin is fairly thin, he notes. So gases don’t have to travel far to get out of the blood and escape through skin pores.
To collect the gases, Johnson and his team selected earmuffs that make a tight seal with the head. These are the type people often wear to protect the ears from loud noise. His team made two holes in the muff covering one ear. A tube slowly pumped air in one hole. Another tube pulled air out of the second hole and sent it to a sensor.
In their tests, the team found that they could measure changes in the amount of alcohol coming from the skin of the ear. It could work much like a Breathalyzer that police use to test people for driving drunk. The team invited three men. Each had to avoid drinking alcohol for at least three days before taking part. Once in the lab, these men wore the earmuffs and sat for 10 minutes as the system recorded normal gas levels leaving their ears. Afterward, the men drank a big amount of alcohol. About 7 minutes later, the earmuff system tested out a rise in alcohol leaving the skin. After 50 minutes, alcohol levels reached the peak and continued falling until the test was over.
The team then measured other gases by changing out the sensor. With the right sensor, their earmuff system could test out disease. Later, they replaced the earmuffs with a one-eared version to make it a bit more comfortable.
Johnson imagines another possible benefit. The earmuff system could help doctors tell whether a child’s ear infections have been caused by bacteria or a virus. How Each type of infection exudes different gases. That, in turn, could guide how doctors cure the disease.
1．What makes the ear a good place to monitor
A．Its small size. B．Its thin skin.
C．Its clean surface. D．Its blood flow.
2．What did Johnson and his team find in their tests
A．Sensors should be examined in time. B．Drunk-driving tests were ineffective.
C．Serious diseases were difficult to identify. D．Their system could be used to tell diseases.
3．What does the underlined word “exudes” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean
A．Collects. B．Gives off. C．Cuts off. D．Uses.
4．In which section of a magazine is this passage most likely to appear
A．Politics. B．Business. C．Science. D．Entertainment.
（2023·北京·高二统考学业考试）For thousands of years, people have trained and studied homing pigeons. These birds adopt a homing spot by the time they are six weeks old. When released from unfamiliar places, they have the unbelievable ability to return to their home.
On its journey home: a pigeon can fly over 500 miles in a single day. In one study, some homing pigeons were released from Africa and flew over 7,000 miles to arrive safely at their home in England. Throughout their journey which took 55 days, they flew a surprisingly straight path home.
Homing pigeons have served people in many ways throughout the years. Hospitals used pigeons to deliver medicine. In World War I, pilots brought the pigeons along as they flew missions. If their plane was disabled, the pilot would release the pigeon with a message stating his location and calling for help. Today, there are over 4 million trained homing pigeons around the world.
We recognize the homing pigeons’ amazing ability to navigate, but scientists are still puzzled as to how these birds can return home accurately. Many scientists discovered that the bumps on a homing pigeon’s beak contain iron particles which are pointing to the North Pole much like a man-made compass.
Scientists arranged an experiment to test the theory that birds use these iron particles to navigate. They placed magnets, which would influence the magnetic field, on the back of pigeons. They found that this prevented some pigeons’ ability from flying home. However, many of these birds still navigated effectively. This indicated that the magnetic field is not the only factor involved in the homing pigeon’s ability to navigate.
Since then, scientists have found that pigeons can sense sounds that humans cannot hear, and that “sound fields” may also help them navigate. A theory that birds have a highly developed sense of smell that they use to navigate is also being tested. At this time, scientists believe that homing pigeons most likely use a mixture of systems to find their way home.
5．When are homing pigeons able to navigate to a homing spot
A．After a long-distance flight. B．Since their birth.
C．When they’re six weeks old. D．When they’re well-trained.
6．How did the homing pigeon help people in World War I
A．By misleading the enemy. B．By sending messages.
C．By delivering medicine. D．By acting as a GPS.
7．What is the function of the bumps on the homing pigeon’s beak
A．Finding the way. B．Keeping balance. C．Noticing smells. D．Sensing sounds.
8．What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about
A．Practical uses of the homing pigeon. B．Training techniques for the homing pigeon.
C．The physical structure of the homing pigeon. D．The navigation systems of the homing pigeon.
（2023·北京·高二统考学业考试）In 2009 in a small town, Todd Bol came up with an idea to share his mother’s love of reading with others. Bol’s mother had been a teacher who had loved reading. He decided to build a wooden box and fill it with books. Bol placed the box of books on a post in his front yard with a sign that read “Free Books”. Soon his neighbours noticed this tiny model of a “schoolhouse”. They began taking the books and replacing them with books of their own. The tiny library allowed people the opportunity to “check out” books day or night.
Bol’s friends and neighbours wanted little libraries of their own. Bol built several and gave them away. One of his friends, Rick, believed that Bol’s little libraries could benefit more than just local friends and neighbours. With these ideas in mind, Bol and Rick came up with a plan to build over 2,500 Little Free Libraries around the world. They believed that books should be available to all people, no matter where they live or what their background is. To help achieve their goal, Bol and Rick created a website that provides information about the Little Free Libraries and how people can establish little libraries of their own.
Thanks to Bol and Rick, the Little Free Libraries are encouraging people to read more. They didn’t just provide books. They also helped build friendships and a sense of belonging among community members. As more and more people visited Bol’s little library, they began talking with one another. They shared thoughts, ideas, and stories. They got to know one another. Everyone loved the little library. After all, as Bol says, “It’s a magic box with books. People tell us all the time that they’ve met more people in a week than they have in a lifetime.”
Today there are more than 25,000 Little Free Libraries around the world, and they can be found on almost every continent.
9．From whom did Todd Bol get the idea of Little Free Libraries
A．His mother. B．His teacher. C．His neighbours. D．His friends.
10．Bol and Rick created a website mainly to ______.
A．make more money B．establish online libraries
C．replace paper books with e-books D．provide information and guidance
11．What have the Little Free Libraries brought to the community
A．New buildings. B．More visitors.
C．Friendly relationships. D．Green environment.
12．What can we learn from the story
A．Well begun, half done. B．Don’t judge a book by its cover.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Little people can make a big difference.
（2023·北京·高二统考学业考试）A lot of us spend most of our working day sitting at the computer without moving at all. So, how does the world keep fit Let’s have a look at some of the latest exercises from around the world.
Towerrunning is a sport you can do in the tall buildings of almost any big city. All you need to do is start at the bottom of an office tower and run up all the stairs until you get to the top. Now, towerrunning has become popular with important races taking place in some of the world’s tallest towers, like the China World Trade Centre in Beijing.
Piloxing started in the USA．The sport is a mix between boxing, pilates (普拉提) and dance. Piloxing uses the power and speed of boxing, while building your muscles and strength with pilates. All of this happens to non-stop loud music, and you learn some great dance moves too.
Paddle boarding on the ocean might look easy, but it is a tough sport. You need to be strong to keep your balance. The sport was adapted from surfing and it had its roots in Polynesia where people used paddling for both work and play-from transport to catching waves.
Trapeze may remind you of the circus act-people fly, dance and move from side to side through the air. Jules Leotard developed the art of trapeze in the mid-nineteenth century in France. To perform trapeze, people must develop upper-body strength to turn and fly.
Are you ready Even a short amount of exercise every day can help us to feel happier and more relaxed.
13．Which exercise must be done in tall buildings
A．Towerrunning. B．Piloxing. C．Paddle boarding. D．Trapeze.
14．Where does paddle boarding come from
A．China. B．The USA． C．Polynesia. D．France.
15．To do trapeze well, people must have .
A．strong upper-body strength B．power and speed of boxing
C．better running ability D．good swimming skills
16．What does this passage call on people to do
A．Lose weight. B．Get moving. C．Keep working. D．Travel around.
（2022·北京·高三统考学业考试）Harvest Celebrations
People around the world pick, or harvest food that grows. Then they have a holiday. Let's read about some harvest celebrations!
Every February, the people of Mendoza, Argentina, harvest their grapes. Then they celebrate for a month! There are parades (游行), shows, and fireworks. They always choose a Harvest Queen, too. Chanthaburi, a town in Thailand, is famous for its tasty fruit. People celebrate the fruit at harvest time in May. The Fruit Fair begins with a parade of floats (游行彩车) made from thousands of fruits and vegetables.
The Argungu Fishing Festival began in 1934 in Nigeria, a country in Africa. It's a four-day festival held at the end of February to celebrate the end of all farming activities. On the last day there's a fishing contest. People have one hour to catch the largest fish. But it's not that easy. They can only use traditional fishing tools. But many use only their hands to catch the fish. France's famous Menton Lemon Festival starts in February. There are big parades with floats decorated with lemons and oranges. More than 200, 000 people from around the world come to Menton for this festival.
17．Which of the following is celebrated in May
A．The Harvest Festival in Mendoza. B．The Harvest Festival in Chanthaburi.
C．The Argungu Fishing Festival. D．The Menton Lemon Festival.
18．The Argungu Fishing Festival started in _____________.
A．Argentina B．Thailand C．Nigeria D．France
19．What can be seen in the Menton Lemon Festival
A．The big parades. B．The Fruit Fair.
C．A fishing contest. D．A Harvest Queen.
20．In which section of a newspaper may readers find this passage
A．Sport. B．Business. C．Science. D．Culture.
（2022·北京·高三统考学业考试）The Printing Press
What do you think is the most important invention in the last 1,000 years It is the lightbulb or the Internet Many people say that it is the printing press, a machine that allows us to print copies or books and documents. But why is the printing press so important
Before the printing press, books were copied by hand. Ancient Roman book publisher sometimes sold as many as 5,000 copies of a book that had been copied by slaves. But copying a book took so much time and was so expensive that often only a few copies of each book were made. As a result, usually only a small percentage of the population learned to read and owned books.
In 1450, a goldsmith named Johannes Gutenberg in Germany invented the modern printing press. The impact of his machine is sometimes compared to the invention of the Internet. Although ancient Chinese people invented paper in 105 AD and used woodblock printing before 200 AD, Gutenberg’s printing press was easy to use with languages that had alphabetic scripts. After 1450, thousands of copies of a popular book or newspaper could be made quickly and cheaply. Books and newspapers with ideas and images from all over the world went into the market for the wide public.
Knowledge is power. Reading has brought about amazing changes in science, technology and politics. We have learned how to create wealth and even travel to far-away worlds. The computer, cellphone, and Internet have grown, because billions of powerful readers were created by the printing press.
From 1450 on, more and more people have become readers. These billions of readers are powerful, and they help the world to make progress at a fast speed.
21．What is a printing press
A．A book B．A machine. C．A material. D．A newspaper.
22．Not many people read in ancient Rome because they had __________.
A．few books to read B．little time to read C．no money for books D．no interest in books
23．The modern printing press is sometimes compared to the Internet due to its _________.
A．low cost B．common use C．great influence D．rapid development
24．What is mainly discussed about the printing press in the last two paragraphs
A．The progress. B．The future. C．The contribution. D．The function.
（2022·北京·高三统考学业考试）Why Do Mockingbirds Copy
Mockingbirds live in North and South America. They are good copycats. They imitate other birds. But they can also imitate other animals. They can even make sounds like a piano or car alarm. Mockingbirds learn to sing many songs. Some learn more than 200 different songs. They can often trick people! But mockingbirds can't trick other birds. If they can't trick other birds, why do they copy sounds They do it to attract and avoid other birds!
Males are loud singers, and they sing many songs. They always sing when they want to meet females. A male bird can sing most of the day and night. The singing attracts females. But it also keeps away other males. The longer a mockingbird lives, the more songs it knows. To show this characteristic, the male mockingbird sings all the songs it knows. A female mockingbird is attracted to a male who has lived a long time.
Mockingbirds usually sing short songs. They sing each sound several times. Then they move to the next sound. Female mockingbirds sing softly and less often than males. They usually sing at their nests in the winter to keep away other birds. When another bird comes near, the mockingbird makes a loud noise to frighten it. It's amazing that the mockingbird can copy so many songs of other birds. Some songs are not easy to learn. The mockingbird must listen well to imitate the sounds. But a mockingbird also has good eyes and a good memory. When a person comes near its nest, the mockingbird remembers that person. It knows that person's face after many years!
25．Mockingbirds are special because they can _____________.
A．create songs B．copy sounds C．remember other birds D．understand human's words
26．A male mockingbird attracts the female by its .
A．size B．eyesight C．memory D．voice
27．Female mockingbirds sing at their nests in the winter to _________.
A．scare other birds B．practise the songs C．warn human beings D．attract male birds
28．What is the purpose of this passage
A．To recommend a course on birdlife. B．To call on people to protect birds.
C．To give advice on feeding birds. D．To introduce an interesting bird.
（2022·北京·高三统考学业考试）Visit a medium-or large-sized company these days, and you’re likely to find the staff members sharing a large, open space. Instead of having personal offices with doors and walls, most workers sit in cubicles (隔间) that are half open. Whenever workers talk on the phone, other members of staff nearby can’t simply shut their doors. In fact, sometimes they can’t help but overhear everything that’s said. At times, the best way to focus in this type of office is to reach for one’s headphones and listen to music.
The open office idea is not new; it was created by a team of consultants from Hamburg, Germany, in the 1950s. Called the office landscape (景观) plan, the idea was created with a good attempt—to improve communication and the exchange of ideas. The design also encouraged managers and their teams to work near each other, making it easier for managers to guide projects. Now, the open office idea is often used as an excuse for companies to save money on building costs, paying no attention to the effect on working performance.
Many start-ups have a great interest in the open office idea. Take Chartbeat for example. The company’s 50-plus staff members get to choose their desk and chair styles, and everyone shares an open space with the CEO sitting in the middle. The office space has both single workstations and informal meeting areas where workers can relax themselves on sofas. While this design may be perfect for workers in start-ups, it may not be convenient for workers who have a great need of personal space.
In 2011 Matthew Davis, an organizational psychologist (心理学家), reviewed over a hundred studies regarding office environments. He found that, to staff in open offices, it was harder to stay focused and more likely to suffer higher stress levels than those working in traditional offices. What's worse, a study in Denmark found that workers in open offices took more sick days than those working in traditional offices.
Even though open office plans present hidden problems in terms of worker health and personal needs, businesses probably won’t return to traditional offices. Modern office workers tend to need both times to focus and times to work together with others. So designing offices that account for both needs may be the best way forward.
29．What is mainly discussed about the open office in paragraph 1
A．The benefit. B．The problem. C．The history. D．The management.
30．What was the original purpose of the office landscape plan
A．To save space. B．To reduce cost.
C．To improve working conditions. D．To encourage communication.
31．According to Matthew Davis, staff in open offices are ___________.
A．less stressed B．more energetic C．less concentrated D．more hardworking
32．What does the underlined phrase “account for” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Include. B．Record. C．Be a part of. D．Be a cause of.
（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）
Smart Learners provides the world’s best online courses. These courses will help you develop your learning skills. Find out what you are interested in and click to sign up.
This course will ensure your improvement in writing. You will learn to develop a clear structure and write with proper language and grammar. At the end of the course, you will produce great written works. This course is designed to help you schedule study activities in your daily life. You will learn to make a balance between study time and personal time. You will create an effective study plan as a product.
This course helps with strategies for reading and summarizing information. You will read professional material, take notes and sum up main ideas. While writing your text summaries, you are on the way to be a better reader. This online job-hunting guide tool is designed to support people to build self-awareness. A 20-minute online questionnaire ( 问卷) will help you know more about yourself. You will know what you could do in the future by exploring hundreds of jobs.
33. How long will it take to complete the writing course
A. 2 hours. B. 4 hours. C. 4.5 hours. D. 6 hours.
34. If you attend “How to be a time manager”, you will produce ________.
A. a study plan B. written works C. text summaries D. a questionnaire
35. Which course can help you understand yourself better
A. Writing for your course. B. How to be a time manager.
C. A better reader. D. Which position for me.
36. Where is the passage probably from
A. A science report. B. A website.
C. A storybook. D. A menu.
（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）Redwood Giants
From a seed that is smaller than a pea (豌豆) grows the tallest of trees. The coast redwood is the largest giant among North America’s trees.
Redwoods are most special for two reasons. The first is their size. Imagine standing next to a tree that is the height of a 30-story building. The second is their age. Redwoods commonly make it to 600 years or so. It has been found that some trees are more than 2000 years old.
To find a coast redwood, you have to go to Oregon or California. A coastline about 450 miles long and up to 35 miles wide is home to the redwoods. Coast redwoods do not grow anywhere else in the world, because the coast of the Pacific Ocean provides a special environment for the redwoods. Cool, moist (湿润的) air comes off the ocean and keeps the trees moist all year round, which is important because almost all of the area’s rain falls between October and May. During the dry summer months, the trees depend on moisture from the thick fog that often hangs over the coast.
Redwoods have their own protection systems. Most of redwoods’ branches and leaves are high up on the tree. This keeps them safe from forest fires. Also, the bark (树皮) of a redwood is as much as 12 inches thick. The thick covering protects the lower part of the tree from fire damage. Besides，redwoods are safe from insect damage because the wood contains a bitter-tasting (苦味的) chemical called tannin.
If you ever get a chance, visit a redwood forest, and imagine who might camp there a thousand years ago. Look upward and just imagine how high the trees might grow if we protect them.
37. What are redwoods most special for
A. Their size and age. B. Their seeds.
C. Their branches and leaves. D. Their roots.
38. What makes the Pacific Ocean coastline the only home for redwoods
A. The clean environment. B. The heavy rain.
C. The all-year moist air. D. The dry summer.
39. What protects redwoods from insects
A. The bitter-tasting chemical. B. The thick fog.
C. The tough bark. D. The forest fire.
40. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To describe a coastline. B. To introduce a special tree.
C. To discuss fire damage. D. To share a camping experience.
（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）
Chocolate––there’s nothing quite like it, is there Chocolate is simply delicious. What is chocolate Where does it come from
The history of chocolate goes back to the discovery of cacao beans (可可豆). About 4000 years ago, the Americans made cacao beans into a drink and they took it as a gift from nature.
In 1519, the Spanish explorer Hernando Cortex visited Mexico in America. He saw people drank cacao mixed with spices (香料). Cortex took some cacao home as a gift to the Spanish King Charles. Since then, people in Spain began to drink cacao. However, the natural taste of cacao was too bitter for most people. To sweeten it, Spanish added sugar and honey to it. As a sweet drink, it became popular in Europe. By the 17th century, rich people in Europe began drinking cacao drink as a fashion.
In 1828, a Dutch chemist, Conrad J. van Houten started using a new process to remove the fat from cacao beans. He made a machine that pressed the fat from the beans. The resulting powder (粉末) mixed better with water than cacao did. People called van Houten’s cacao powder “Dutch chocolate”—it is the beginning of modern chocolate.
After that, chocolate makers started trying new recipes (配方) with Dutch chocolate. First it was mixed with sugar. Then butter was added to the sweetened chocolate to make chocolate bars. In 1849, an English chocolate maker successfully made the first chocolate bar. In the 19th century, the Swiss started making milk chocolate by mixing powdered milk. Milk chocolate has not changed much since this process was invented.
Today, the United States buys most of the chocolate in the world, but the Swiss eat the most chocolate per person. The most chocolate eaten today is sweet milk chocolate, but people also eat white chocolate and dark chocolate. Chocolate has become a worldwide snack and also a popular holiday gift.
41. What did the Americans think of cacao drink about 4000 years ago
A. It was easy to make. B. It was too bitter to drink.
C. It was treasure from nature. D. It was a gift for the rich.
42. What contribution did Conrad J. van Houten make to modern chocolate
A. He mixed milk with chocolate.
B. He made the first chocolate bar.
C. He added sugar to chocolate powder.
D. He removed the fat from cacao beans.
43. What is the most popular kind of chocolate now
A. White chocolate. B. Dark chocolate.
C. Sweet milk chocolate. D. Dutch chocolate.
44. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. The history of chocolate. B. The tastes of chocolate.
C. The makers of chocolate. D. The benefits of chocolate.
（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）Do Dogs Dream
Unlike cartoon images, real dogs don’t speak and describe their sleep. So you may wonder: do dogs dream like their owners
A scientific research conducted at MIT found that during sleep, brains of humans and dogs function in a similar manner. When you or your dog first falls asleep, you experience SWS—slow wave sleep—when the brain waves are slow but muscles are still active. Later, a deeper stage of sleep occurs. This stage is called REM sleep—rapid eye movements sleep. During REM, muscles are more relaxed but the mind is more active. It was proved that both humans and dogs experience these two stages of the sleep cycle. Since we know that humans dream, it is safe to conclude that dogs dream too.
Scientists found that as a dog falls asleep, his breathing becomes deeper and more regular. After about 20 minutes in REM sleep, dreams usually begin for average dogs. While dreaming, the dog’s breathing may become shallow and irregular, and his eyes move about behind the closed lids (眼睑) as if the dog is looking at something. By comparing brain wave patterns, researchers suggested that during REM, dogs are visualizing (呈现) dream images much like humans do during this stage of sleep.
Besides, it’s also found that during REM, the sleeping brain functions much like it does when awake, so both man and dogs dream about things that happen during their waking hours. Information gathered during the day is processed at night and may be relived in dreams. So your dog may “sleep run” as he runs after a cat or fetches a ball.
Studies also show that some dogs dream more than others, and the frequency and length of dreams are different according to the age and sizes of dogs. Young puppies (小狗) usually experience more dreams than adult dogs. One possible reason is that puppies acquire huge amounts of new information daily and have much to process at night. Among dogs of the same age, smaller dogs seem to have more dreams than their bigger friends, but their dreams may last shorter. Dream length and frequency are also related to the amount of sleep required. A dog that has an active day outside may sleep more soundly than usual and experience longer periods of REM sleep, giving him more time to dream.
45. What happens to dogs during REM sleep
A. Their brain waves are slow. B. Their dreams take place.
C. Their muscles stay active. D. Their mind is more relaxed.
46. While dreaming, the dog ________.
A. breathes regularly B. opens the lids
C. visualizes images D. gathers information
47. What does the underlined word “relived” probably mean
A. Removed. B. Reviewed. C. Repaired. D. Reduced.
48. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. Why dogs dream like humans.
B. What bigger dogs dream about.
C. Why young puppies have more dreams.
D. What causes the differences of dogs’ dreams.
（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）The National Museum of Natural History
Location: The First Floor Time: Weekdays Out 11-ton African elephant was named Henry in 1959. In 2015, Henry’s stage was rebuilt, and a new information desk was set to introduce African elephant and their living conditions. Things To Do Feel "voices" that elephants use elephants to communicate over distances. watch a film of African elephants.
Location: The Second Floor Time: Every Monday African have greatly influenced global culture and history-and continue to do so today. More than 400 object are presented to show ancient community life in Africa. Things To Do Learn about how Africans built ancient buildings. Stop by the Freedom Theatre to watch “The Struggle for Freedom”.
Location: The Ground Floor Time: Weekdays Come face-to-face with live insects and their many-legged relatives in the oldest operating insect zoo, opened in 1976. Learn about the variety of bees, and other insects. Things To Do Watch how insects hunt for food and complete the observation diary. Attend a lecture on the life habits of insects.
Location: The Third Floor Time: Every day Q rius (Pronounced “curious”) is an experimental learning space Visitors can use science tools to solve problems, take part in group activities and even meet a scientist. Things To Do Do scientific experiments. Join in a workshop or an event.
49.Where can you find “Meet Henry” in the museum
A. On the ground floor. B. On the first floor.
C. On the second floor. D. On the third floor.
50.If you are interested in ancient buildings, you can visit .
A. Meet Henry B. Africa’s People and Cultures
C. O. Orkin Insect Zoo D. Explore Your World
51.In Q rius, visitors can .
A. touch an elephant B. watch a film
C. attend a lecture D. meet a scientist
52.The purpose of this passage is to .
A. give an introduction B. tell stories
C. report findings D. explain rules
（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）Tommy Rhomberg was a twelve-year-old young boy in Iowa. Last summer, his home state was destroyed by Great Derecho. He soon came up with a creative idea to raise money for his community by making and selling baseball bats out of wood brought down by the storm.
The idea for the bats originally began as Tommy prepared a birthday gift for his friend. Then many others expressed interest in owning Great Derecho bats of their own. At first, Tommy didn’t take it seriously, but since so many people in the area needed help after the storm, he determined to make a difference to them.
The first bat took Tommy 10 hours to carve and sand(用砂纸打磨)out of a tree branch that had fallen in his yard. With blisters (水泡) on his hands, Tommy had to refuse his brother’s request for making another bat. But as he began receiving more orders, he streamlined the process with a machine with the help of his grandfather. Tommy promised $20 from each order would go to the local disaster relief fund to rebuild the community.
When asked why he started the “bat business”, Tommy replied, “We got kind of lucky with the storm. We didn’t have much damage, but just driving around town there were people with houses destroyed, and I just wanted to raise money so we could help them rebuild. I feel like it’s really helping people.”
Tommy has made more than 100 bats, raising more than $2,500 to help out his community, and orders have come in from as far as Arizona and Connecticut. Tommy is not taking additional orders at the moment, but it’s possible that he’ll make more bats in the future, according to his website.
53.What is Great Derecho
A. A place. B. A person. C. A storm. D. An idea.
54.Tommy made the first bat because .
A. his brother asked him to make one B. his grandfather suggested producing one
C. he wanted to give his friend a gift D. he was interested in playing baseball
55.What did Tommy do for the community
A. He collected the wood. B. He donated money.
C. He rebuilt the school. D. He repaired the machine.
56.What kind of boy is Tommy
A. Caring. B. Brave. C. Strict. D. Polite.
（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）Spider (蜘蛛) silk, which is very light and flexible, is five times stronger than steel. Because of this, scientists have been searching for ways to make spider silk in huge quantities ( 数 量 ), and they have finally found the answer: Nubian goats!
Scientists have studied spider silk for years. They tried to raise spiders to collect silk from them but spiders didn’t enjoy living close to one another. To make their own space, they may eat their neighbours! But goats are much friendlier. And because they are bigger, a few goats can produce more silk than a roomful of spiders. Nubian goats were finally chosen for this job because they make milk at a younger age. They will make spider silk sooner and for longer periods of time.
But how do Nubian goats actually make the spider silk Professor Jeffrey Turner noticed that the body parts of spiders that make silk and the parts of goats that make milk are very much alike. So he thought that goats might be able to make spider silk. Eventually, Turner and his fellow scientists found away top lace spider genes( 基 因)in Nubian goats. The goats then have the genes that tell their bodies how to make spider silk proteins(蛋白质).
Proteins are the body’s basic building blocks, which make its hair, skin, and muscles. The goats now have special proteins for making spider silk. When the goats produce milk, the spider silk proteins are in it although it looks just like regular milk. Then scientists will make the spider silk out of the milk. After several processes, it is taken to a spinning machine, which stretches (拉伸) the silk over and over again, just like the way spiders spin their extra strong silk. When the silk threads are finished, they are stronger than steel and as flexible as rubber, but thinner than a human hair.
Just imagine clothing that is as light as a spider web, yet won’t tear. Doctors might be able to use spider silk for operation, which could be strong and flexible enough to replace some worn-out parts of the human body. The silk also could be used to build airplanes and bridges, as well as create a tough coating for space stations.
57.What is the advantage of using goats to produce spider silk
A. They produce stronger silk. B. They are more productive.
C. They work shorter hours. D. They need less space.
58.The scientists produce spider silk from .
A. Nubian goats’ hair B. Nubian goats’ skin
C. Nubian goats’ milk D. Nubian goats’ waste
59.According to the passage, goats and spiders are a like in .
A. some body parts B. genes
C. living conditions D. habits
60.The examples in the last paragraph are used to show .
A. special features of Nubian goats B. some worries of scientists
C. great efforts of doctors D. a bright future of spider silk
（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）It’s a common experience: You’re checking through a social media page, and you see pictures of friends traveling or going to parties. Suddenly you start to wonder why you’re not doing those things. Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you’re locked into everyday life This experience is known as FOMO—the fear of missing out. To some extent, people have always been concerned about missing out on social events. But with the rise of social media, FOMO is becoming much more common.
While wanting to take part in exciting things is completely normal, it can bring about some negative effects. For some people, it leads to an obsession ( 沉 迷 ) with checking their phones to find out what other people are doing. Even while doing things that are fun or necessary, people can feel
like there’s something better going on elsewhere. This strong wish to connect can make them disconnect from the people they are actually with. It stops them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives. It can even be dangerous; some people try to check messages while driving.
So what can we do to overcome FOMO Firstly, it is important to remember that what people tend to pick and choose to post on social media doesn’t necessarily reflect their life overall, so we only know a small part of anyone else’s life. It is also important to accept your limitations. You can’t be everywhere and do everything that might be interesting, and that’s OK. It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while. Stay away from the constant reminders of everything that’s happening in the world. You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media. By stepping away for a time, you can view others’ lives in a reasonable way. Finally, focus on the things in front of you. Relish them, do them well and let everything else go. When you are fully involved in life, you’ll worry less about what you’re not doing.
Don’tletthefearofmissingoutcauseyoutomissoutonthegoodthingsyouhaveinlife. Relax, enjoy what you do and let other people enjoy their lives without envying them.
61.According to the passage, what is FOMO
A. It’s asocial concern. B. It’s an unusual experience.
C. It’s a physical problem. D. It’s a born disadvantage.
62. Experiencing FOMO, people may .
A. like to drive fast B. be addicted to phone games
C. prefer to stay alone D. be unsatisfied with real life
63.What does the underlined word “relish” probably mean
A. Balance. B. Change. C. Enjoy. D. Remember.
64.According to the passage, what can help people over come FOMO
A. Standing in others’ shoes.
B. Breaking their own limitations.
C. Making friends as many as possible.
D. Checking social media at particular times.
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员提出了一种系统，使用耳罩捕捉疾病信号气体。当病人戴上一套耳罩时，医生就可以得到这些信息。结果可以在几分钟内出来。文章介绍了这种耳罩的工作原理以及优点。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段““The ear is a good place to monitor,” explains Johnson, a biomedical engineer. The ear’s skin is fairly thin, he notes.(“耳朵是监测的好地方，”生物医学工程师约翰逊解释说。他指出，耳朵的皮肤相当薄)”可知，耳朵成为监测的好地方是因为皮肤很薄。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In their tests, the team found that they could measure changes in the amount of alcohol coming from the skin of the ear. It could work much like a Breathalyzer that police use to test people for driving drunk.(在他们的测试中，研究小组发现他们可以测量出来自耳朵皮肤的酒精量的变化。它的工作原理很像警察用来测试酒后驾驶的酒精测试仪)”以及倒数第二段中“With the right sensor, their earmuff system could test out disease.(有了合适的传感器，他们的耳罩系统就可以检测出疾病)”可知，约翰逊和他的团队在测试中发现他们的系统可以用来诊断疾病。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The body gives off many gases.(身体释放出许多气体)”以及画线词上文“How Each type of infection”和后文“different gases”可知，每一种感染都会释放出不同的气体。故画线词意思是“释放”。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“The body gives off many gases. Although some smells may signal a need to bathe or that you ate a certain meal, other gases might point to serious disease. Now, researchers have come up with a system that uses earmuffs to catch the disease-signaling gases. Doctors could get the information as patients wear a set of earmuffs. Results could be ready within minutes.(身体释放出许多气体。虽然有些气味可能表明你需要洗澡或吃了一顿饭，但其他气体可能表明你患了严重的疾病。现在，研究人员提出了一种系统，使用耳罩捕捉疾病信号气体。当病人戴上一套耳套时，医生就可以得到这些信息。结果可以在几分钟内出来)”结合文章介绍了这种耳罩的工作原理以及优点。可推知，文章选自杂志的“科学”部分。故选C。
5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。几千年来，人们一直在训练和研究信鸽。文章主要介绍了信鸽的作用以及其生理特点。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These birds adopt a homing spot by the time they are six weeks old. (这些鸟在六周大的时候会找到一个归巢的地方)”可知，信鸽六周大的时候能够导航到归航点。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“In World War I, pilots brought the pigeons along as they flew missions. If their plane was disabled, the pilot would release the pigeon with a message stating his location and calling for help. (在第一次世界大战中，飞行员在执行飞行任务时携带鸽子。如果他们的飞机坏了，飞行员就会释放鸽子，并发出信息，说明他的位置并寻求帮助)”可知，信鸽在第一次世界大战中通过发送信息帮助人们。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段“Many scientists discovered that the bumps on a homing pigeon’s beak contain iron particles which are pointing to the North Pole much like a man-made compass. (许多科学家发现，信鸽喙上的凸起含有铁颗粒，这些颗粒指向北极，很像人造指南针)”可知，信鸽喙上的凸起可以找路。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Scientists arranged an experiment to test the theory that birds use these iron particles to navigate. They placed magnets, which would influence the magnetic field, on the back of pigeons. They found that this prevented some pigeons’ ability from flying home. However, many of these birds still navigated effectively. This indicated that the magnetic field is not the only factor involved in the homing pigeon’s ability to navigate. (科学家们安排了一个实验来检验鸟类利用这些铁粒子导航的理论。他们在鸽子背上放置了磁铁，可以影响磁场。他们发现这阻止了一些鸽子飞回家的能力。然而，这些鸟类中的许多仍然有效地导航。这表明磁场并不是影响信鸽导航能力的唯一因素)”以及最后一段“Since then, scientists have found that pigeons can sense sounds that humans cannot hear, and that “sound fields” may also help them navigate. A theory that birds have a highly developed sense of smell that they use to navigate is also being tested. At this time, scientists believe that homing pigeons most likely use a mixture of systems to find their way home. (从那时起，科学家们发现鸽子可以感知人类听不到的声音，“声场”也可能帮助它们导航。鸟类有高度发达的嗅觉，它们用来导航的理论也正在接受测试。在这个时候，科学家们认为信鸽最有可能使用多种系统来找到回家的路)”可知，最后两段主要讲了信鸽的导航系统。故选D。
9．A 10．D 11．C 12．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。Todd Bol在母亲的启发下，和朋友Rick建立了小型图书馆。他们在世界各地建立2500多个小型免费图书馆。他们认为，书籍应该对所有人开放。这些小型图书馆不仅提供了知识，还加强了社区居民的联系。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 2009 in a small town, Todd Bol came up with an idea to share his mother’s love of reading with others. Bol’s mother had been a teacher who had loved reading. He decided to build a wooden box and fill it with books.(2009年，在一个小镇上，Todd Bol萌生了一个想法，将他母亲对阅读的热爱与他人分享。博尔的母亲曾是一位热爱阅读的教师。他决定做一个木箱，装满书)”可知，Todd Bol受到母亲的启发，有了建造小型免费图书馆的想法。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To help achieve their goal, Bol and Rick created a website that provides information about the Little Free Libraries and how people can establish little libraries of their own.(为了帮助实现他们的目标，Bol和Rick创建了一个网站，提供关于小型免费图书馆的信息，以及人们如何建立自己的小型图书馆)”可知，Bol和Rick创建了一个网站，主要是提供信息和指导。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They didn’t just provide books. They also helped build friendships and a sense of belonging among community members.(它们不只是提供书籍。他们还帮助社区成员建立友谊和归属感)”可知，小型免费图书馆给社区带来了友好的关系。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据Todd Bol在母亲的启发下，和朋友Rick建立了小型图书馆。他们在世界各地建立2500多个小型免费图书馆。他们认为，书籍应该对所有人开放。这些小型图书馆不仅提供了知识，还加强了社区居民的联系。可推知，他们的故事告诉我们小人物也能产生大影响。故选D。
13．A 14．C 15．A 16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个最新的锻炼方式。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Towerrunning is a sport you can do in the tall buildings of almost any big city. (跑塔是一项你几乎可以在任何大城市的高楼大厦里进行的运动)”可知，Towerrunning必须在高楼里做。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“The sport was adapted from surfing and it had its roots in Polynesia where people used paddling for both work and play-from transport to catching waves. (这项运动是由冲浪运动演变而来的，它起源于波利尼西亚，那里的人们将划桨用于工作和娱乐——从运输到乘风破浪)”可知，桨板是从波利尼西亚来的。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“To perform trapeze, people must develop upper-body strength to turn and fly. (为了表演空中飞人，人们必须锻炼上肢力量来转弯和飞行)”可知，要做好空中飞人，人必须有强壮的上肢力量。故选A。
16．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Are you ready Even a short amount of exercise every day can help us to feel happier and more relaxed. (你准备好了吗？即使是每天少量的运动也能让我们感到更快乐、更放松)”可知，这篇文章号召人们行动起来。故选B。
17．B 18．C 19．A 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界各地的人们采摘或收获生长的食物，分别描述了四个丰收庆祝活动。
17．细节理解题。根据第二个表格“Chanthaburi, a town in Thailand, is famous for its tasty fruit. People celebrate the fruit at harvest time in May.（Chanthaburi,泰国的一个小镇，以其美味的水果而闻名。人们在五月的收获季节庆祝水果。）”可知，The Harvest Festival in Chanthaburi是在五月份庆祝。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据第三个表格“The Argungu Fishing Festival began in 1934 in Nigeria, a country in Africa.（Argungu捕鱼节于1934年在非洲国家尼日利亚开始。）”可知，The Argungu Fishing Festival是在尼日利亚开始的。故选C项。
19．细节理解题。根据第四个表格“France's famous Menton Lemon Festival starts in February. There are big parades with floats decorated with lemons and oranges.（法国著名的Menton Lemon Festival将于二月开始。有装饰着柠檬和橙子的大型游行花车）”可知，在Menton Lemon Festival可以看到大型游行。故选A项。
20．推理判断题。文章主要介绍四个丰收庆祝活动。结合选项A. Sport运动；B. Business商业；C. Science科学；D. Culture文化，文化更符合题意。故选D项。
21．B 22．A 23．C 24．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷机的发展以及贡献。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Many people say that it is the printing press, a machine that allows us to print copies or books and documents.(很多人说是印刷机，一种能让我们打印副本、书籍和文件的机器)”可知，印刷机是一台机器。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ancient Roman book publisher sometimes sold as many as 5,000 copies of a book that had been copied by slaves. But copying a book took so much time and was so expensive that often only a few copies of each book were made. As a result, usually only a small percentage of the population learned to read and owned books.(古罗马的图书出版商有时能卖出5000本奴隶抄写的书。但是复印一本书要花费大量的时间和昂贵的费用，所以通常每本书只能复印几本。因此，通常只有一小部分人学会阅读和拥有书籍)”可知，在古罗马，没有多少人读书，因为他们没什么书可读。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The impact of his machine is sometimes compared to the invention of the Internet.(他的机器的影响有时被比作互联网的发明)”可知，由于其巨大的影响力，现代印刷术有时被比作互联网。故选C。
24．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Knowledge is power. Reading has brought about amazing changes in science, technology and politics. We have learned how to create wealth and even travel to far-away worlds. The computer, cellphone, and Internet have grown, because billions of powerful readers were created by the printing press.(知识就是力量。阅读给科学、技术和政治带来了惊人的变化。我们学会了如何创造财富，甚至去遥远的世界旅行。 电脑、手机和互联网都在发展，因为印刷机创造了数十亿强大的读者)”以及最后一段“From 1450 on, more and more people have become readers. These billions of readers are powerful, and they help the world to make progress at a fast speed.(从1450年起，越来越多的人成为读者。数以亿计的读者是强大的，他们帮助世界快速进步)”可知，最后两段主要讨论了印刷机的贡献。故选C。
25．B 26．D 27．A 28．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了知更鸟这种鸟类的一些特性和它们唱歌的原因。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mockingbirds live in North and South America. They are good copycats. They imitate other birds. But they can also imitate other animals. They can even make sounds like a piano or car alarm. (知更鸟生活在北美和南美。它们是很好的模仿者。它们模仿其他鸟类。但它们也能模仿其他动物。它们甚至可以发出像钢琴或汽车报警器的声音)”可知，知更鸟很特别，因为它们能模仿声音。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Males are loud singers, and they sing many songs. They always sing when they want to meet females. A male bird can sing most of the day and night. The singing attracts females.(雄性唱歌声音很大，它们唱很多歌。当它们想要遇见雌性的时候，它们总是唱歌。一只雄鸟在白天和晚上的大部分时间里都能唱歌。歌声会吸引雌性)”可知，雄性知更鸟用声音吸引雌性。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They usually sing at their nests in the winter to keep away other birds.(冬天它们通常在鸟巢里唱歌，以驱赶其他鸟类)”可知，雌性知更鸟冬天会在巢中唱歌来吓唬其他鸟。故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Mockingbirds live in North and South America. They are good copycats. They imitate other birds. But they can also imitate other animals. They can even make sounds like a piano or car alarm. Mockingbirds learn to sing many songs. Some learn more than 200 different songs. They can often trick people! But mockingbirds can't trick other birds. If they can't trick other birds, why do they copy sounds They do it to attract and avoid other birds!( 知更鸟生活在北美和南美。它们是很好的模仿者。它们模仿其他鸟类。但它们也能模仿其他动物。它们甚至可以发出像钢琴或汽车报警器的声音。知更鸟学唱很多歌。有些学会了200多首不同的歌曲。它们经常会欺骗人！但是知更鸟不能欺骗其他鸟。如果它们不能欺骗其他鸟类，为什么它们要复制声音？它们这样做是为了吸引和避开其他鸟类！)”结合文章主要介绍了知更鸟这种鸟类的一些特性和它们唱歌的原因。可推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍一种有趣的鸟。故选D。
29．B 30．D 31．C 32．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了开放办公室的由来以及优缺点。
29．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Visit a medium-or large-sized company these days, and you’re likely to find the staff members sharing a large, open space. Instead of having personal offices with doors and walls, most workers sit in cubicles (隔间) that are half open. Whenever workers talk on the phone, other members of staff nearby can’t simply shut their doors. In fact, sometimes they can’t help but overhear everything that’s said.(如今，访问一家大中型公司，你很可能会发现员工共享一个大的、开放的空间。大多数员工坐在半开着的小隔间里，而不是有门和墙的私人办公室。每当员工打电话时，附近的其他员工不能简单地关上门。事实上，有时他们会无意中听到你所说的一切)”可知，第一段主要讲述了开放办公室的问题。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Called the office landscape (景观) plan, the idea was created with a good attempt—to improve communication and the exchange of ideas.(这个被称为办公室景观规划的想法是经过很好的尝试而创造出来的——以改善沟通和思想的交流)”可知，办公室景观规划的最初目的是鼓励交流。故选D。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“He found that, to staff in open offices, it was harder to stay focused and more likely to suffer higher stress levels than those working in traditional offices.(他发现，与在传统办公室工作的员工相比，在开放式办公室工作的员工更难保持专注，也更有可能承受更高的压力)”可知，马修 戴维斯(Matthew Davis)表示，开放式办公室的员工专注力较低。故选C。
32．词句猜测题。根据最后一段上文“businesses probably won’t return to traditional offices. Modern office workers tend to need both times to focus and times to work together with others. So designing offices that account for both needs may be the best way forward.(但企业可能不会回到传统办公室。现代的办公室职员往往既需要时间集中精力，也需要时间与他人合作。因此，设计account for这两种需求的办公室可能是最好的方法)”可知，企业可能不会回到传统办公室，那只能设计兼顾两种需求的办公室可能是最好的方法。由此可知，account for意为“包括”。故选A。
33. D 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. B 41. C
42. D 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. B 48. D
49. B 50. B 51. D 52. A 53 C 54. C 55. B 56. A 57. B
58. C 59. A 60. D 61. A 62. D 63 C 64. D2021-2023北京高中合格考英语汇编
写作
一、其他应用文
1．（2022·北京·高三统考学业考试）根据题目所提出的具体要求，在答题卡上写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少于60。
假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack给你发邮件，请你给他介绍“重阳节”。请参考下列信息，给他回邮件。邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
·fall on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month
·show respect for the elderly
·get together to have a big meal; send the elders gifts
·climb mountains to enjoy beautiful views
·...
Dear Jack,
Glad to know that you’re interested in the Chong Yang Festival in China. I’d like to share something about it with you.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All the best,
Li Hua
二、邀请信
2．（2023·北京·高二统考学业考试）假如你是李华，你校图书馆新开设了小组学习室（group’ study room）。请你参考下列信息，给留学生同学Jack写邮件，邀请他去体验。
邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Location on the third floor
Opening hours 8 am-9 pm on weekdays
Facilities and functions be equipped with 30 computers modern electronic facilities are provided, such as pads... be linked to the Internet do some team projects
Dear Jack,
Recently, a new group study room has been open to us students in our school library.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
3．（2022·北京·高中统考学业考试）根据题目所提出的具体要求，在答题卡上写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少于60。假如你是李华，你校将举办“用英语讲中国故事（Chinese Tale, English Tell）”演讲比赛。请参考下表提供的信息，写邮件告诉交换生Jack比赛的要求及注意事项，并邀请他参加。
短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Time September 18th
Place the school hall
Tips get to the school hall on time share your story within 4 minutes be calm when answering the judge's questions ..
Dear Jack,
I'm writing to tell you that our school will hold an English speech competition named Chinese Tale, English Tell
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
4.（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）根据题目所提出的具体要求，在答题卡上写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少于60。假如你是李华，你们学校将举办有关“垃圾分类”的活动。请参考下面提供的信息，写邮件 告诉交换生Chris 活动安排，并邀请他参加。
邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Time January 18th
Place the school hall
Activities ● listen to lectures on the garbage sorting ● practise sorting waste to different containers ● see a theme exhibition on environmental protection ● …
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to tell you that our school will hold a Garbage Sorting Event.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
5.（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）根据题目所提出的具体要求，在答题卡上写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少 于 60。假如你是李华，你们学校将组织学生参观首都博物馆(the Capital Museum)。请参考下面提供的信息，给来自英国的交换生Chris 写一封邮件，告诉他活动安排。
邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Time July12
Activities ●listen to a lecture on Chinesehistory ●try on traditional Chinese clothes and do arole-play ●learn to make a teapot and take ithome ● …
Dear Chris,
How’s everything going
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
LiHua
参考答案
1．Dear Jack,
Glad to know that you’re interested in the Chong Yang Festival in China. I’d like to share something about it with you.
The Chong Yang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, so it’s also called the Double Ninth Festival. It’s a time to show respect for the elderly. We usually get together to enjoy a big meal with the seniors. Sometimes we younger generations send them gifts to show our love and respect. We always climb mountains with the elders to enjoy beautiful views. Admiring flowers and reading poems together is a good way to express our good wishes for their health and happiness.
Do you have a similar festival in Britain Looking forward to hearing from you.
All the best,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jack写一封邮件，介绍“重阳节”。
【详解】1.词汇积累
叫做：be called→be known as
尊重：respect→esteem
赠送：send→present
表达：express→convey
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：The Chong Yang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, so it’s also called the Double Ninth Festival.
拓展句：The Chong Yang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, which is also called the Double Ninth Festival.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Sometimes we younger generations send them gifts to show our love and respect. (动词不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] Admiring flowers and reading poems together is a good way to express our good wishes for their health and happiness. (动名词短语作主语，动词不定式作后置定语)
2．Dear Jack,
Recently, a new group study room has been open to us students in our school library. Located on the third floor, it is available from 8 am till 9 pm on weekdays. The room is equipped with 30 computers. Modern electronic facilities are provided, such as pads, VR and so on. All are linked to the Internet. It’s extremely convenient for us to do some team projects. Why not ask our group members to go and experience it
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给留学生同学Jack写邮件，邀请他去体验学校图书馆新开设了小组学习室（group’ study room）
【详解】1. 词汇积累
位于：located → situated
提供：provide → supply
与……连接：be linked to → have accesst to
非常：extremely → rather
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：All are linked to the Internet. It’s extremely convenient for us to do some team projects.
拓展句：All are linked to the Internet, which is extremely convenient for us to do some team projects.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Located on the third floor, it is available from 8 am till 9 pm on weekdays.（运用了过去分词作状语）
【高分句型2】
The room is equipped with 30 computers. （运用了被动语态）
3. Dear Jack,
I'm writing to tell you that our school will hold an English speech competition named Chinese Tale, English Tell. and I believe that you would be a great fit for the competition. The event will take place in the school hall on September 18th.
To participate, you will need to prepare a speech in English on a Chinese tale, and share it within the allotted time of four minutes. It is important that you arrive at the school hall on time and are well-prepared to speak. Also, be sure to remain calm and confident when answering any questions from the judges.
I personally believe that this could be a great opportunity for you to showcase your English language skills and share culture from your home country. I hope you will consider participating, and please let me know if you need any assistance or have questions regarding the competition.
Looking forward to hearing back from you soon.
Best regards,
Li Hua
4. Dear Chris,
I’m writing to tell you that our school will hold a Garbage Sorting Event. You are invited to different activities in the school hall on January 18th. You can listen to lectures on garbage sorting, practise sorting waste to different containers and see a theme exhibition on environmental protection. I’m sure these activities will give you a better understanding of garbage sorting.
Why not come and enjoy the event If you need my company, I’d be glad to go with you.
Best regards,
Li Hua
5. Dear Chris,
How’s everything going
I’m writing to tell you that our school will organize us to visit the Capital Museum on July 12. There will be many activities. For example, you can listen to a lecture on Chinese history and try on traditional Chinese clothes and do a role-play. You can also learn to make a teapot and take it home. I’m sure you will enjoy Chinese culture and have a great time as well.
Please feel free to ask me if you have any questions.
Best regards,
Li Hua2021-2023北京高中合格考英语汇编
完形填空
一、完形填空
（2022·北京·高三统考学业考试）Anthony was excited to hand out invitations to his graduation from the University of Houston-Downtown (UHD) to his family on Monday. To his surprise, however, he wasn't the only one, as his mother, Gray, followed with a letter that had the 1 information for the UHD ceremony with her own name and degree.
“Her picture was on an invitation saying that she'll be graduating from the university the same day,” says Anthony, “I was 2 .” Without any sign that his mother was attending the same school at the same time, Anthony 3 how it was possible that she was admitted.
Gray just 4 how she kept it that way. “I knew Anthony's schedule. So I knew what time he would be there and what time he wouldn't,” says she. “So I never 5 him at school.” She made sure to keep her secret just between herself and her husband.
She says of why she kept her return to school 6 . “I didn't want to start something and then everyone expects me to complete my education and then it may become a disappointment. I was 7 because you're talking about an older lady competing against younger students in one class. You can imagine how 8 it was.”
The mother explains that she used to think of 9 her family. However, it was always a 10 of hers to go back to school. “I met a friend the other day, he spoke a word to me, ‘If you are still breathing, then it's not too 11 .’ And I just thought of those words and I attended 12 .”
On Saturday, Gray and Anthony will be graduating together in a virtual (虚拟的) ceremony held by the school. 13 it isn't the graduation that either of them expected, it might be even better. “There are people who may have a dream, but don't quite have the 14 to complete the dream. And I just want to 15 them,” Gray adds. “Don't stop, go forward and make sure it becomes a reality.”
1．A．new B．correct C．same D．extra
2．A．curious B．upset C．calm D．afraid
3．A．told B．asked C．described D．noticed
4．A．realizes B．accepts C．imagines D．explains
5．A．met B．taught C．needed D．missed
6．A．carefully B．secretly C．formally D．proudly
7．A．angry B．nervous C．sad D．sorry
8．A．boring B．common C．dangerous D．hard
9．A．forgetting about B．returning to C．focusing on D．separating from
10．A．dream B．trouble C．pity D．duty
11．A．wise B．far C．late D．easy
12．A．meetings B．parties C．shows D．classes
13．A．Although B．Since C．When D．If
14．A．difficulty B．opportunity C．wealth D．talent
15．A．understand B．warn C．please D．encourage
（2023·北京·高二统考学业考试）Lisa, Michael, and Emma were good friends. They were reading the script (剧本) and getting ready to try out for a part in the school 16 . However, when their drama teacher, Mrs. Anderson, called out the 17 of the students with acting parts, they did not hear their names called.
They were asked to be the set (布景) designers, whose job was to 18 the decorations on the stage. Lisa was 19 because she performed well at the tryout. But she had a(n) 20 “If the girl who got the starring part (主演) gets sick or something, I’ll have the chance. So, I’d better know the lines perfectly.”
For the next month the set-design team 21 after school every day. Emma and Michael cut, fixed and painted, while Lisa sat in the corner, learning the 22 of the starring part. She could see that the sets were going 23 , but she did not think it mattered.
That evening, when the teacher saw the sets before rehearsal (排练), she was 24 because the rainbow had not been painted. So the actors had to rehearse without the sets.
As Lisa watched the play rehearsal with no sets, she 25 she was ruining it although she had imagined stepping in at the last minute to save it. Lisa decided that if she could not act, she could help 26 the story with excellent sets.
The set-design team worked every afternoon and evening to get the sets 27 and looking wonderful.
At the end of the play on opening night, their teacher had the set-design team come out to take a bow (鞠躬). The audience 28 for the set designers just as loudly as it had for the actors. It seemed that the sets were also 29 of the show! From this experience, Lisa came to understand that whether she played a part or worked as the set designer, she could achieve her 30 .
16．A．newspaper B．work C．trip D．play
17．A．names B．parts C．numbers D．grades
18．A．check B．move C．clean D．build
19．A．excited B．confident C．unhappy D．worried
20．A．lesson B．idea C．meeting D．party
21．A．met B．trained C．ran D．rested
22．A．plans B．lines C．answers D．opinions
23．A．smoothly B．easily C．normally D．slowly
24．A．disappointed B．frightened C．relaxed . D．bored
25．A．heard B．remembered C．realized D．replied
26．A．learn B．tell C．teach D．write
27．A．copied B．cut C．repaired D．finished
28．A．clapped B．cared C．waited D．looked
29．A．masters B．teachers C．stars... D．directors
30．A．balance B．success C．promise D．freedom
（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）Teacher Tyler Henderson is color blind, and the world in his eyes is only black and white. When he directed a musical (音乐剧) at school, his students discovered his 31 . They wanted to do something to help him see the 32 world.
These student actors began to 33 money. With the donated money from their classmates they bought a pair of Enchroma glasses, which allow color blind people to see red color. The students believed the 34 would be a surprise to their respected teacher.
The day eventually 35 . Standing on the stage, Mr. Henderson was going to give instructions. 36 , the students broke out into a song from the musical and presented their teacher with a banner (横幅): “You helped us see our colors. Now we’re helping you see yours.” Then the Enchroma glasses were 37 to Henderson with a touching letter.
All the students in the theatre were holding their breath and eagerly watching Mr. Henderson as he carefully put on his new pair of glasses. One of the students couldn’t wait to ask if the glasses helped. “They 38 very well,” Henderson answered in amazement. As he had never
39 to receive such a gift, he was speechless. He sat down on the stage with tears of joy in his eyes.
Hours after he received the gift, Henderson was still emotional (激动的). “I had trouble putting them on 40 my eyes were filled with tears.” Henderson said.
The students know that the ability to see colors is especially 41 for Henderson. “He has devoted himself to 42 , but he hasn’t been able to see the red color on stage,” student Ariana Brown said. “And now he will lead a 43 life.”
“The new glasses not only color my world, but also 44 my life.” said Henderson. The 45 in the glasses will inspire him to express his gratitude (感恩) on his life stage.
31. A. mistake B. problem C. goal D. choice
32. A. boring B. funny C. colorful D. disappointing
33. A. raise B. spend C. earn D. borrow
34. A. music B. money C. play D. gift
35. A. passed B. ended C. came D. returned
36. A. Suddenly B. Finally C. Luckily D. Actually
37. A. left B. lent C. delivered D. handed
38. A. go B. work C. stay D. develop
39. A. forgotten B. decided C. expected D. started
40. A. unless B. though C. because D. if
41. A. difficult B. simple C. interesting D. important
42. A. television B. theater C. newspaper D. film
43. A. different B. peaceful C. busy D. quiet
44. A. light up B. turn up C. show up D. look up
45. A. trust B. belief C. need D. love
（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）
I was born blind in my right eye and with no depth perception (知觉). Because of my 46 , I was troubled a lot. Once I hurt myself terribly 47 a wall that I thought was four feet further from me than what it was.
I went to see many doctors, but they 48 to find a way out. They said I could have an operation but it wouldn’t allow me to see; it would only make my eye straight and not turn into my nose. So I gave up the 49 .
When I was in middle school, I was crazy about 50 . My mom and dad showed me that I could still do what I wanted despite my disability. My dad would spend hours 51 me how to find my way around the basketball court (球场). His instruction 52 and I became point guard(控球后卫)of my team with only one eye. I lost sight in one eye, but I 53 respect from my classmates.
Then when I got interested in 54 , my blind right eye became a challenge for me to shoot with my dominant (较有力的) right hand. One day, my dad said, “ 55 it with your left hand.” I told him I couldn’t, 56 he said, “Never say you can’t.” He made me try and it was so 57 and soon my left hand ached, but he made me keep trying until finally it became natural. Even if I am now right-handed, I shoot with my left hand. It is so 58 for me that I can shoot little bottle caps off bottles.
I 59 the disadvantages I had and now it is like I don’t even have one. I really believe if you have 60 and never say “I can’t” and just keep trying, you will succeed.
46. A. classmates B. parents C. disability D. interest
47. A. repairing B. hitting C. climbing D. building
48. A. failed B. aimed C. refused D. decided
49. A. dream B. school C. trip D. operation
50. A. basketball B. football C. baseball D. volleyball
51. A. advising B. watching C. teaching D. asking
52. A. worked B. appeared C. changed D. stopped
53. A. paid B. sent C. needed D. won
54. A. shooting B. writing C. fighting D. painting
55. A. Throw B. Move C. Try D. Drop
56. A. for B. or C. so D. but
57. A. frightening B. unnecessary C. serious D. uncomfortable
58. A. painful B. normal C. funny D. dangerous
59. A. realized B. understood C. overcame D. saw
60. A. chance B. confidence C. talent D. power
参考答案
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了母亲格雷在儿子安东尼不知情的情况下，去上了大学，最后收到了毕业邀请函。格雷解释了自己秘密返回学校的原因以及她期望可以激励那些怀有梦想的人勇往直前。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，令他惊讶的是，他并不是唯一一个，他的母亲格雷随后也收到了一封与休斯顿市中心大学毕业典礼内容相同的信，上面写着她自己的姓名和学位。A. new新的；B. correct正确的；C. same同样的；D. extra额外的。根据后文“information for the UHD ceremony with her own name and degree”可知，他的母亲格雷也收到了毕业邀请函，即收到内容相同的信，上面写着她自己的姓名和学位。故选C。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很好奇。A. curious好奇的；B. upset沮丧的；C. calm冷静的；D. afraid害怕的。根据后文“Without any sign that his mother was attending the same school at the same time”可知，没有任何迹象表明他的母亲在同一时间上同一所学校，所以他很好奇。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有任何迹象表明他的母亲在同一时间上同一所学校，安东尼问她怎么可能被录取。A. told告诉；B. asked询问；C. described描述；D. noticed注意到。根据后文“how it was possible that she was admitted”可知，安东尼问母亲怎么可能被录取。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：格雷只是解释了她是怎么做到的。A. realizes意识到；B. accepts接受；C. imagines想象；D. explains解释。根据后文“how she kept it that way”可知母亲格雷解释了自己是如何做到的。故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我在学校没见过他。A. met遇见；B. taught教；C. needed需要；D. missed错过。根据上文“I knew Anthony's schedule. So I knew what time he would be there and what time he wouldn't”可知，母亲避开了格雷上课的时间，所以在学校没有遇见他。故选A。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她谈到了自己为什么秘密返回学校的原因。A. carefully仔细地；B. secretly秘密地；C. formally正式地；D. proudly傲慢地。结合上文可知格雷上学的事情儿子并不知情，所以是秘密返回学校。故选B。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很紧张，因为你说的是一个年长的女士在一个班级里和年轻的学生竞争。A. angry愤怒的；B. nervous紧张的；C. sad悲伤的；D. sorry抱歉的。根据后文“because you're talking about an older lady competing against younger students in one class”可知格雷年长，要和年轻的学生竞争，因此紧张。故选B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可以想象那有多难。A. boring无聊的；B. common普通的；C. dangerous危险的；D. hard困难的。根据上文后文“because you're talking about an older lady competing against younger students in one class”可知，年长的人要和年轻的人竞争，这是困难的事情。故选D。
9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位母亲解释说，她过去常常把注意力放在家庭上。A. forgetting about忘记；B. returning to返回；C. focusing on集中；D. separating from分开。根据后文“her family. However, it was always a”可知however表示转折，说明这位母亲过去常常把注意力放在家庭上。故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，回到学校一直是她的梦想。A. dream梦想；B. trouble麻烦；C. pity遗憾；D. duty义务。结合后文“of hers to go back to school”可知回到学校是格雷的梦想。后文“There are people who may have a dream”也是提示。故选A。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：前几天我遇到一个朋友，他对我说：“如果你还活着，那就不算太晚。”A. wise明智的；B. far远的；C. late晚的；D. easy容易的。根据上文“If you are still breathing, then it's not too”可知朋友劝告格雷说只要活着，去上学就不晚。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一想到这些话，我就去上课。A. meetings会议；B. parties派对；C. shows表演；D. classes课程。根据上文“And I just thought of those words and I attended”可知格雷听了朋友的话，开始去上课。故选D。
13．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：虽然这不是他们期望的毕业典礼，但可能会更好。A. Although虽然；B. Since自从；C. When当……时候；D. If如果。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用although。故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人可能有梦想，但却不太有机会去完成梦想。A. difficulty困难；B. opportunity机会；C. wealth财富；D. talent才能。根据上文“There are people who may have a dream, but don't quite have the”可知but表示转折，说明这些人又梦想，但不太有机会去完成梦想。故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是想鼓励他们。A. understand理解；B. warn警告；C. please取悦；D. encourage鼓励。根据后文“Don't stop, go forward and make sure it becomes a reality.”可知，格雷希望自己快要鼓励那些有梦想的人勇往直前。故选D。
16．D 17．A 18．D 19．C 20．B 21．A 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述丽莎和同学在学校戏剧中担任布景设计师的经历，明白了无论是扮演角色还是做布景设计师，她都能获得成功。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在读剧本，准备试演学校戏剧中的一个角色。A. newspaper报纸；B. work工作；C. trip旅行；D. play戏剧。根据上文“getting ready to try out for a part(准备试演一个角色)”可知，此处是指在“戏剧”中扮演角色。故选D项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当他们的戏剧老师安德森夫人喊出有表演角色的学生的名字时，他们没有听到他们的名字。A. names名字；B. parts部分；C. numbers数字；D. grades等级。根据下文“they did not hear their names called.(他们没有听到有人叫他们的名字。)”可知，此处是指喊出有表演角色的学生的“名字”。故选A项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被要求做布景设计师，他们的工作是在舞台上布置装饰品。A. check检查；B. move移动；C. clean打扫；D. build建造、布置。根据空格后的“the decorations on the stage.(舞台上的装饰。)”可知，此处指“布置”装饰品。故选D项。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丽莎不高兴，因为她在试训中表现得很好。A. excited兴奋的；B. confident自信的；C. unhappy不快乐的；D. worried担心的。根据下文“because she performed well at the tryout(因为她在选拔时表现很好)”可知，丽莎表现很好却没有自己的名字，所以应该是感到“不高兴的”故选C项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她有个想法：“如果得到主演角色的女孩生病了或怎么了，我就有机会。所以，我最好把台词背得烂熟。”A. lesson课、教训；B. idea主意；C. meeting会面；D. party聚会。根据下文“If the girl who got the starring part (主演) gets sick or something, I’ll have the chance. So, I’d better know the lines perfectly.(如果得到主演角色的女孩生病了或怎么了，我就有机会。所以，我最好把台词背得烂熟。)”可知，这是丽莎的一个“想法”。故选B项。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的一个月里，布景设计团队每天放学后都要开会。A. met开会、会面；B. trained培训；C. ran跑；D. rested休息。根据下文的after school可知，布景团队应该是在放学后“会面、开会”来研究布景的设计。故选A项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾玛和迈克尔剪、修、刷，丽莎则坐在角落里，学习主演部分的台词。A. plans计划；B. lines台词；C. answers回答；D. opinions观点。根据上文“So, I’d better know the lines perfectly(所以，我最好把台词背得烂熟)”可知，此处是指在学习“台词”。故选B项。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她看得出布景走得很慢，但她认为这无关紧要。A. smoothly平稳地；B. easily容易地；C. normally正常地；D. slowly慢慢地。根据上文的sets可知，布景应该是“慢慢地”运行。故选D项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，当老师看到排练前的布景时，她很失望，因为彩虹还没有画上。A. disappointed失望的；B. frightened害怕的；C. relaxed放松的；D. bored厌倦的。根据下文“because the rainbow had not been painted(因为彩虹还没有画上)”可知，此处应该是指丽莎是“感到失望的”故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当丽莎在没有布景的情况下观看彩排时，她意识到自己正在破坏它，尽管她本想在最后一刻介入以挽救它。A. heard听到；B. remembered记得；C. realized意识到；D. replied回答。故选C项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：丽莎决定，如果她不会演戏，她可以用出色的布景来帮助讲述这个故事。A. learn学习；B. tell告诉；C. teach讲授；D. write写。分析句意再根据空格后的story可知，此处是指“讲述”这个故事。故选B项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：布景设计团队每天下午和晚上都在工作，以使布景完成并看起来很棒。A. copied复制；B. cut切断；C. repaired修理；D. finished完成。根据下文的“looking wonderful(看起来很棒)”可知，此处是指布景“被完成”后看起来很棒。故选D项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：观众为布景设计师鼓掌，就像为演员鼓掌一样热烈。A. clapped鼓掌；B. cared关心；C. waited等待；D. looked看。根据下文“just as loudly as it had for the actors(就像对演员一样热烈)”可知，此处指观众为布景设计师“鼓掌”。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：似乎布景也是这部剧的明星!A. masters主人；B. teachers教师；C. stars明星、星星；D. directors导演。根据上文第13题可知，观众为布景设计师鼓掌，就像为演员鼓掌一样热烈，所以布景也就看起来像“明星”一样。故选C项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这段经历中，丽莎明白了无论是扮演角色还是做布景师，她都能获得成功。A. balance平衡；B. success成功；C. promise承诺；D. freedom自由。分析句意再根据空格前的achieve可知，此处是指获得“成功”。故选B项。
31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. C
40. C 41. D 42. B 43. A 44. A 45. D
46. C 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. A
55. C 56. D 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. B2021-2023北京高中合格考英语汇编
其他阅读题型
一、阅读表达
（2022·北京·高三统考学业考试）阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
A Rubbish Collector's Work Is Never Done
Brian Kane was a rubbish collector in Denver, Colorado. Eight hours a day, five days a week, fifty weeks a year, he rode on the back of a garbage truck. At each stop, he would jog to the back of buildings, then drag heavy rubbish cans to the truck. Brian never complained.
Brian saw these hardships as opportunities to become strong and fit. His job was a training ground for his lifelong dream: to climb Mount Qomolangma. On his thirtieth birthday, Brian took a leave from his job and flew to Nepal to begin the long, difficult journey up Mount Qomolangma.
Brian first climbed to a base camp. He planned to bring three oxygen containers with him to the top. At 29, 028 feet, it would be hard to survive without extra oxygen. Over the next two months, Brian climbed to 26, 000 feet, to Camp Four—the last place to rest below the top of the mountain. But when Brian saw this camp, he fell to his knees. “Rubbish!” he cried. Nearly a thousand empty oxygen containers littered the camp area. Humans had turned this beautiful, far-away place into a big rubbish pile. Brian was very sad. But with a strong determination he continued to follow his dream. Two days later he stood proudly on the top of Mount Qomolangma. He had reached the “roof of the world!”
Two days after this great achievement, Brian put a dozen empty oxygen containers in his pack and headed down the mountain He smiled to himself as he realized that the work of a rubbish collector is great and never done.
1．What was Brian Kane (不多于三个单词)
2．What was Brian's lifelong dream (不多于四个单词)
3．How did Brian feel when he saw the rubbish pile at Camp Four (不多于两个单词)
4．What do you think of Brian Kane (一个单词)
（2023·北京·高二统考学业考试）阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
The First Kite
Kites have been around for thousands of years. The first kites were created in China. There are three stories about how the first kite was born.
Many people believe that the kite was created when people watched birds fly. They then attempted to make a light object shaped like a bird that could fly high in the wind.
The second story goes like this. The kite was born as Chinese children sat below a catalpa tree (梓树). A catalpa tree is known for large leaves and seed pods (荚), which can be over 10 inches long. The catalpa tree’s seed pods have two “wings” that help the seeds move far from the base of the tree. As the leaves and seed pods sailed on an upward wind, the children became inspired to create their own kites.
There is a Chinese legend (传说) telling a different story. When a farmer was working in his field one morning, the wind blew his hat off many times. He had to stop to run after his hat. When the farmer went in for lunch, he had an idea that he could tie one end of a thin rope to his hat and the other end around his wrist (手腕). That afternoon, he went to work again. A sudden and strong wind swept the hat off his head and carried it high into the sky. But the farmer no longer needed to run after his hat. At that time, he got the idea of making a kite.
The idea for a kite could have been born as people watched birds fly, sat below a catalpa tree or found a way to get back a hat. Like the roots of many inventions, these stories are each inspired by people’s experiences or observations of the natural world.
5．Where were the first kites created (不多于两个单词)
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6．In the first story, what inspired people to make kites (不多于五个单词)
______________________________________________________________________________
7．What gave the farmer the idea of making kites (不多于四个单词)
______________________________________________________________________________
8．How do people get the ideas for inventions (不多于九个单词)
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（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）Astronauts (宇航员) go on spacewalks for many reasons. Spacewalks let astronauts work outside their spacecraft (飞行器) while still in space. Astronauts can do science experiments on a spacewalk. Spacewalks also let astronauts test new equipment. They can repair spacecraft in space instead of bringing them back to the Earth to fix.
When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits with pure oxygen inside to keep themselves safe. Once in their suits, astronauts breathe oxygen for a few hours. Breathing only oxygen can help get rid of all the nitrogen (氮气) in an astronaut’s body. If they didn’t get rid of the nitrogen, the astronauts might get gas bubbles (气泡) in their body and the bubbles will do them harm. These gas bubbles can cause pain in astronauts’ shoulders and knees. This pain is called getting “the bends” because it affects the places where the body bends.
Astronauts are now ready to get out of their spacecraft. They leave the spacecraft through a special door called an airlock. The use of the airlock is to stop air getting out. The airlock has two doors. When astronauts get ready to go on a spacewalk, they go through the first door and lock it tight behind them. They can then open the second door without any air getting out of the spacecraft. After a spacewalk, astronauts go back inside through the airlock.
How do astronauts stay safe during spacewalks They use safety ropes to keep themselves from floating away into space. When on a spacewalk, one end of the safety rope is hooked (钩住) to the spacewalker while the other end is connected to the spacecraft. Astronauts also use ropes to keep tools from floating away. They tie their tools to their spacesuits.
Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. If an astronaut were to float away, SAFER would help him or her fly back to the spacecraft. Astronauts control SAFER with a small joystick, like on a video game.
9. What is the first paragraph mainly about (不多于三个单词)
10. What is inside the spacesuits to keep astronauts safe (不多于两个单词)
11. What is the use of the airlock (不多于五个单词)
12. Why do astronauts use safety ropes (不多于八个单词)
（2021·北京·高中统考学业考试）Today, our currency ( 货币) is a mixture of metal coins and paper money, but it wasn’t always that way. Before metal coins and paper bills existed, people used a lot of unusual things to buy what they needed. In one part of the world, for example, people used sharks’ teeth for money, while in another place, rare seashells were money.
There are many fantastic facts about the history of money. Bright feathers were the lightest money used by people on a Pacific island. Stones were the heaviest money and some weighed over 500 pounds. Greece used a kind of metal coins which were smaller than apple seeds. They were the smallest money ever used.
No one knows for sure when people started using metal coins for money. Scientists have found coins dating from 600 B. C., so we know they have been around for a long time. At first, people used precious metals, such as gold and silver to make coins. In the 1200s, people in China used iron (铁) coins for their currency. These coins weren’t worth very much, so people had to use a lot of them to make their purchases ( 购买物). Because iron coins were inconvenient, the government started printing paper bills. People took these bills to banks and traded them in for coins. This is the first example we have of paper money.
Today, most countries use a mixture of coins and paper bills for their currency. In some countries, the paper bills are all the same size and color. In many others, the bills come in various sizes and colors. This makes it easier for people to tell the value of their money at a glance.
In 2002, twelve European countries started using a completely new currency. It’s called the euro. Many Europeans miss their old currencies, but now it’s easier to move money from one country to another.
13.What do people use as money before metal coins and paper bills existed (不多于两个单词)
14.What was the lightest money ever used (不多于两个单词)
15.Why did people in China start printing paper bills (不多于五个单词)
16.What is the main idea of this passage (不多于四个单词)
参考答案
1．A rubbish collector. 2．To climb Mount Qomolangma. 3．Very sad. 4．Great/Brave/Kind/Hardworking.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了清洁工Brian Kane在他30岁生日那天，开始了攀登珠穆朗玛峰的漫长而艰难的旅程。他看到四号营地有很多垃圾非常悲伤，于是在登顶返回时把一打空氧气瓶放在背包里，朝山下走去。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Brian Kane was a rubbish collector in Denver, Colorado.(Brian Kane是科罗拉多州丹佛市的一名清洁工)”可知，Brian Kane是一个清洁工。故答案为A rubbish collector.
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“His job was a training ground for his lifelong dream: to climb Mount Qomolangma.(他的工作是他毕生梦想：攀登珠穆朗玛峰的训练场地)”可知，Brian的毕生梦想是攀登珠穆拉玛峰。故答案为To climb Mount Qomolangma.
3．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Over the next two months, Brian climbed to 26, 000 feet, to Camp Four—the last place to rest below the top of the mountain. But when Brian saw this camp, he fell to his knees. “Rubbish!” he cried. Nearly a thousand empty oxygen containers littered the camp area. Humans had turned this beautiful, far-away place into a big rubbish pile. Brian was very sad.(在接下来的两个月里，Brian爬到了26000英尺的高度，到达了4号营地——山顶下最后一个休息的地方。但当布莱恩看到这个营地时，他跪倒在地。“垃圾! ”他喊道。将近一千个空氧气瓶散落在营地地区。人类把这个美丽而遥远的地方变成了一大堆垃圾。布莱恩很伤心)”可知，当Brian看到四号营地的垃圾堆时，他感到很悲伤。故答案为Very sad.
4．本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：你觉得Brian Kane怎么样？可回答：很好/勇敢/友善/努力工作。故答案为Great/Brave/Kind/Hardworking.
5．In China. 6．When people watched birds fly. 7．The farmer’s flying hat. 8．By people’s experiences or observations of the natural world.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了关于第一只风筝是如何诞生的的三个故事。
5．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“The first kites were created in China. ”（第一只风筝是在中国制造的。）可知，第一只风筝是在中国制造的。故答案为：In China.
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Many people believe that the kite was created when people watched birds fly. They then attempted to make a light object shaped like a bird that could fly high in the wind.”（许多人相信风筝是人们看着鸟儿飞翔时创造出来的。然后，他们试图制造一个形状像鸟的轻物体，可以在风中高飞。）可知，在第一个故事中，人们创造风筝是因为人们看到鸟的飞翔，即鸟的飞翔给了人们创造风筝的启发。 故答案为：When people watched birds fly.
7．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“A sudden and strong wind swept the hat off his head and carried it high into the sky. But the farmer no longer needed to run after his hat. At that time, he got the idea of making a kite.”（一阵突如其来的大风把他的帽子从头上吹下来，带到了高高的天空。但是农夫不再需要追逐他的帽子了。那时，他萌生了做风筝的念头。）可知，让农夫萌生造风筝的念头源于风把他的帽子吹起的事件。故答案为：The farmer’s flying hat.
8．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Like the roots of many inventions, these stories are each inspired by people’s experiences or observations of the natural world.”（就像许多发明的根源一样，这些故事都是受到人们对自然世界的经历或观察的启发。）可知，由于人们对自然世界的经历或观察的启发，促使人们创造出发明。故答案为：By people’s experiences or observations of the natural world.
9. Reasons of spacewalks. 10. Pure oxygen. 11. To stop air getting out. 12. To keep themselves from floating away into space.
13. Unusual things. 14. Bright feathers. 15. Because iron coins were inconvenient. 16. The history of money.
