中考英语二轮专题复习课件 被动语态

课件46张PPT。被动语态What can you see?
Little prince
A beautiful flower
A planetLittle prince & the flowerloveLook, what is the little prince doing?
Watering the flower.The little prince waters the flower every day.
The flower is watered by the little prince every day.The little prince loves the flower very much.被动语态
一、什么是语态？
语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和
谓语动词之间的关系。
二、语态的种类：
（1）主动语态 （2）被动语态三、什么是主动语态？什么是被动语态？
主动语态：主语是动作的执行者
被动语态：主语是动作的承受者
猫吃鱼。 （主动语态）
鱼被猫吃。（被动语态）The little prince waters the flower every day. （主动）
The flower is watered by the little prince every day. （被动）The little prince waters the flower every day.
动作执行者 动作 动作承受者主动语态：
主语是动作的执行者
被动语态：
主语是动作的承受者被动语态的构成
　　be ＋done(动词的过去分词)　　
(助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样)
The flower is watered by the little prince every day.

be done
被动句的结构变化肯定句
主语+be+过去分词+（by …）
否定句
主语+be not+过去分词+（by …）
一般疑问句
Be+主语+过去分词+(by …)?
特殊疑问句
疑问词+be+主语+过去分词 + （by …）？(注意：这里 be 的形式决定了被动语态的时态，其后的过去分词没有变化)The flower is watered by the little prince every day.
The flower isn’t watered by the little prince every day.
Is the flower watered by the little prince every day?
Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
When is the flower watered by the little prince?
被动句的结构变化主动语态变被动语态的步骤（宾主换，谓被动）

1、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；
2、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；
3、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由by 引出，
当不强调动作的执行者时，常省略。The little prince waters the flower every day. （主动）
The flower is watered by the little prince every day. （被动）一般现在时态The little prince waters the flower every day.
主语 动作 宾语
The flower is watered (by the little prince) every day.
一般现在时态被动语态构成：
S + am/is/are + done
一般过去时态The little prince watered the flower yesterday.
主语 动作 宾语
The flower was watered (by the little prince) yesterday.
一般过去时态被动语态构成：
S + was/were + done
一般将来时态The little prince will water the flower tomorrow.
主语 动作 宾语
The flower will be watered (by the little prince) tomorrow.
一般将来时态被动语态构成：
S + will be + done
情态动词The little prince can water the flower.
主语 动作 宾语
The flower can be watered (by the little prince).
情态动词被动语态构成：
S + can/may/must/should + be + done
现在进行时态The little prince is watering the flower now.
主语 动作 宾语
The flower is being watered (by the little prince) tomorrow.
现在进行时态被动语态构成：
S + am/is/are + being + done
过去进行时态The little prince was watering the flower at that moment.
主语 动作 宾语
The flower was being watered (by the little prince) at that moment.
过去进行时态被动语态构成：
S + was/were + being + done
现在完成时态The little prince has watered the flower twice.
主语 动作 宾语
The flower has been watered (by the little prince) twice.
现在完成时态被动语态构成：
S + have/has been + done
过去完成时态The little prince had watered the flower.
主语 动作 宾语
The flower had been watered (by the little prince).
过去完成时态被动语态构成：
S + had been + done
各种时态的被动结构练习
1、The Chinese food _____ to be the healthiest in the world.
A. considers B. is considering
C. is considered D. has considered
2、John ___ , for he went swimming yesterday without permission.
A. would punished B. had punished
C. punished D. was punished
3、---- Have you moved into the new house ?
---- Not yet .Rooms _______.
A. are painting B. are painted
C. are being painting D. are being painted 一般现在时态：am/is/are +过去分词现在进行时态：am/is/are +being +过去分词一般过去时态：was/were +过去分词
4、Mr. Wu was in hospital . when we went to see him , he ____on .
A. operated B. was operated
C. was operating D. was being operated
5、The new school ______ when the new term begins.
A. finishes B. will finish
C. will be finished D. would finish
6、The old scientist said that he __ to visit their country before long .
A. invited B. had invited
C. was inviting D. would be invited 过去进行时态：was/were + being +过去分词一般将来时态：will + be+过去分词
过去将来时态：would + be+过去分词
7、With the help of the Hope Project, more and more new schools _____ in the poor area.
A. built B. have built
C. have been built D. have been building
8、He came out and told us that the work __________.A. finished B. was finished
C. had finished D. had been finished
9、The programmes _______ easily if you use a short
wave radio.
A. can pick up B. pick up
C. picked up D. can be picked up 现在完成时态：have/has + been +过去分词
过去完成时态：had + been +过去分词
情态动词：情态动词+be +过去分词
一般现在时：
一般过去时：
一般将来时：
情态动词：
现在进行时：
过去进行时:
现在完成时：
过去完成时： S + am/is /are + doneS+can/may/must/should+be+done S + will + be + done S + was/were + being + doneS+ have/has + been+ doneS + was/were + done各种时态的被动语态构成S + am/is/are + being + doneS+ had + been + done练习：主动句与被动句的转换Zheng Jie invented this special pen.2)The bike was fixed up by Jimmy. 3) People use sunglasses to protect their eyes.4) Teachers allow students to put up hands in class.This special pen was invented (by Zheng Jie). Jimmy fixed up the bikeSunglasses are used (by people) to protect eyes.Students are allowed (by teachers) to put up hands in class.We will hold a sports meeting next week.
A sports meeting will be held by us next week.
You must turn off the lights.
The lights must be turned off by you.
They should learn English well.
English should be learned well by them.
Lucy is watering the trees.
The trees are being watered by Lucy.
We have finished our compositions.
Our compositions have been finished by us.练习：主动句与被动句的转换使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
1.主动语态不带to的变为被动语态，须加上“to”。
（如hear、 listen to 、 make、let、have、watch、see, look at, notice、 feel、help等）
例：make sb do sth
→sb+ be +made to do sth
see sb do sth
→sb +be +seen to do sth
A girl saw Tom fall off the tree.
Tom was seen to fall off the tree by a girl.
The boss made the workers work hard.
The workers were made to work hard . 2. “双宾语”改被动语态
give、 pass、bring、buy、 show、send、cook等
直接宾语(物)作主语，动词后要用介词，
间接宾语(人)变主语，动词后不要用介词。
He gave me a book. → 变直接宾语(物)加to ，变间接宾语(人)不加。

I was given a book (by him).
A book was given to me (by him).
He showed me a ticket. →
I was shown a ticket (by him).
A ticket was shown to me (by him).　　
My father bought me a new bike. →
I was bought a new bike (by my father).
A new bike was bought for me (by my father).间接宾语直接宾语介词由与其搭配的动词决定。3. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，
将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香烟）=The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，
也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，
不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 The meeting will be put off till FridayThey will put off the meeting till Friday.5. 什么时候不加by
1)不知道谁是执行者
eg: His new car was stolen.
2)强调动作的承受者而不是执行者
eg: The car was parked in front of this shop.
3)礼貌及委婉语气
eg: All the work must be finished before May.
课堂练习
（一）改写句子
1. We plant trees in spring every year.
_________________ by us in spring every year.
2. She posted the letter yesterday.
____________________ by her yesterday.
3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present.
_______________a birthday present by Mr Turner.
4. He is drawing a picture.
_______________________ by him.
5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow.
______________________________ by you tomorrow.
6. She is going to write a letter.
__________________________ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenA picture is being drawnYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written7. I have given you the new book.
__________________________ to you.
8. Her bag cannot be found by her.
_________________ her bag.
9. Do you often hear her sing Russian songs?
_________________________Russian songs by you?
10. She doesn’t let her son swim in the river.
_______________________ in the river by her.
11. The bridge was being built by them at this time
last year.
__________________ the bridge at this time last year.
12. Does she often sing the song?
_____________________ by her?The new book has been givenShe cannot findIs she often heard to singHer son isn’t let to swimThey were buildingIs the song often sung一、系动词 look, taste, smell, feel, sound, prove
等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1. 这些花闻起来很香。
2. 那听起来很有道理。
3. 那食物尝起来很可口。These flowers smell sweet.That sounds very reasonable. The food tastes delicious.“主动”表“被动”二、某些与 can’t , won’t 等连用的不及物动
词，如move, lock, shut, open 等可用主动
形式表达被动意义。如：1. 盒子不能移动。
2. 门不会关。The box can’t move.The door won’t shut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能
的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean,
last(耐久), wear(耐穿), 等可用主动形式表
达被动意义. 如:This kind of food sells well.
这种食物畅销。This cloth washes well and lasts long.
这布料经洗、耐穿。The floor doesn’t clean easily.
这地板不容易弄干净。四、在动词 require, need, want 等动词之
后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。1. 树需要浇水。
2. 孩子想要得到照顾。
3. 电视机需要修理。The trees need watering. (The trees need to be watered.) Children want looking after.The TV needs mending.五、形容词 worth 后面要用动名词的主
形式表示被动意义。如：1. 小说值得一读。
2. 事情值得做。The novel is worth reading.The thing is worth doing.六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成
动宾关系时，如：1. 我有许多事情要做。
2. 他有几项任务要完成。I have a lot of things to do.He has several tasks to complete. 2. 句型: “主语+be+形容词+to do”
“主语”是“不定式”的“逻辑宾语”，通常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义
这类形容词有：easy，difficult，heavy，hard，nice，dangerous, light, interesting, important，expensive，fit，comfortable，impossible等。
The picture is pleasant to look at． The chair is comfortable to sit on．
The work is impossible to finish.
注意：当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，要根据需要补充相应的介词。
The pen is comfortable to write with. 总结：
一、系动词 taste, smell, feel, sound, prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。
二、某些与 can’t won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如move, lock, shut, open 等可用主动形式表达被动意义。
三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean, last(耐久), wear(耐穿), 等可用主动形式表达被动意义。
四、在动词 require, need, want 等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
五、形容词 worth 后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动。“主动”表“被动”不及物动词无被动:
happen, belong to, suit, fit, have, let, join, fall, last, cost, break out（爆发）appear, burst out(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agree with
1. 这个房间可以容纳500个人。
This room can hold 500 people.
2. 台湾属于中国。
Taiwan belongs to China.
3. 这件短恤很适合我，而且它只花了20元。
The T-shirt fits me very well, and it only cost 20 yuan.
4.去年中国爆发了SARS。
SARS broke out in China that year.
5. 在过去的十年里发生了很大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in the last ten years.get / have sth. done 含被动 (找人做某事)
十六岁的孩子不应该打耳洞。
Sixteen-year-olds should not get their ears pierced.
1. 我应该修理我的鞋子。
I should get my shoes repaired.
2. 他应该理发了。
He should have his hair cut.
3. 让我们完成这个工作吧。
Let’s get the work done. 口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done, 时态看主动。
口诀2：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾语后加 to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…)
口诀3：有些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。
He made me do the work.
I was made to do the work by him.
口诀4：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。
They take good care of the baby.
The baby is taken good care of by them 我来背口诀?1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout
to be heard even at dinner． ??A． are not kept；will have to??B． are not kept；have??? ?C． do not keep；will have to??? ?D． do not keep；have to? ??2. The fifth generation computers, ____and
perfected now. ?A. developed B. have developed ?C. are being developed D. will have been developed?3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off． ??? --- Yes，it all depends on the weather． ?? ?A． I've been told ??B． I've told ?C． I'm told ???? D． I told ACA单项选择题4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___. ?A. has completed ?? B. completes ?C. has been completed ?D. is completed ?5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed
that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. ?A. cut ???? B. are cut ?C. are being cut ??? D. had been cut ?6. The new bridge ___ by the end of last month.? ?A. has been designed??????? ?B. had been designed ?C. was designed ?? ??D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water,
it looks as if it ____.? ?A. breaks ??? ? B. has broken ?C. was broken???????????? ?D. had been broken ?
DCBC8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.?? ?A. have been taken place; have been set up ?B. have taken place; have been set up?C. have taken place; have set up? ?D. were taken place; were set up?9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.?? ?A. had costed? B. costed C. is costed D. cost?10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction. ? ????? --- What’s the pretty small house that __ for??A. is being built ?? B. has been built ?C. is built ?? ?D. is building ?11.--- Do you like the cloth?????? --- Yes, it ___ very soft. ?A. is feeling ? ?B. felt ??C. feels?? ?D. is felt BDAC12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese． ?A． write ???B． to write ?C． to be written? ??D． written ?13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you． ?A． to type????? ?? B． typing ?C． to be typed? ??D． typed?14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt,
for it __ easily. ?A. won’t wash out ?B. won’t be washed out ?C. isn’t washed out ?D. isn’t washing out?15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because
the lights happened to ___. ?A. be put up ??B. give in ?C. be turned on ??D. go outBCAD16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.? ?A. belongs ??? B. are belonged to ?C. belongs to ?? D. belong to?17. --- What do you think of the book????????---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.? ?A. to read ?B. to be read C. reading D. being read?18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.? ? A. catching ?? B. to be caught ?C. being caught ??D. to catch? ??19. This page needed ___ again.??A. being checked ?B. checked ?C. to check ?? D. to be checked ?20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it.
A. Having taught ? B. Having been taught ?C. taught ??? D. Teaching? DCCDB