2023 学年第一学期期中质量检测
高二 英语
满分: 130 分 时间：120 分钟
第一部分 阅读（共两节, 共 20 小题, 满分 50 分）
第一节 阅读理解 (共 15 小题; 每小题 2.5 分, 满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和 D）中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If you’d rather eat out on Thanksgiving or order the meal to go, you have no shortage of options. Here are some Chicago restaurants celebrating the holiday with a variety of dishes on offer.
Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bars, 546 N. Wells St
Go French for Thanksgiving, with Cyrano’s six-course to-go menu. It’s packed with four appetizers; four vegetable sides; pumpkin soup; a choice of turkey, duck or chicken; a cheese plate, and desserts. Also included: reheating instructions. The cost is US$39 a person. To order, call (312)467-0546.
Fairmont Chicago, 200 N. Columbus Drive
The hotel is going retro (怀旧的) and green this year with its Thanksgiving to-go menu, from organic green bean casserole (砂锅) made with mushroom soup to organic mashed potatoes with bacon bits and sour cream. The meal, which serves 8 to 10, is US$195, plus tax. Orders must be in by 3 p.m. Wednesday. To order, call (312)565-6665.
Kit Kat Lounge and Supper Club, 3700 N. Halsted St
The restaurant celebrates Thanksgiving a day early with a three-course menu on Wednesday. Menu items include a wild mushroom tart (馅饼) with Gruyere and Cabernet-marinated steak with Havarti mashed potatoes. The US$35 dinner each, tax and tip not included, includes a martini. For reservations, call (773)525-1111.
Lawry’s The Prime Rib, 100 E. Ontario St
The star of the Thanksgiving menu is organic, free-range turkey from Pennsylvania. To-go dinner package also will be offered, with 10 percent of proceeds (收益) going to the Greater Chicago Food Depository. Carry-out packages range from US$27 for an individual turkey dinner to US$480 for a meal serving 12 to 14. Orders must be placed by Tuesday. Call (312)787-5000.
Popeyes, various locations
Thirteen of the chicken chain’s Chicago locations are taking orders now for takeout fried turkeys. The turkeys, which serve 8 to 10, range from US$40 to US$45. Use the restaurant locator at www. for locations and phone numbers.
1. If a person wants to order sweet food like pudding, he or she should dial ________.
A. (312)467-0546 B. (312)787-50000 C. (773)525-1111 D. (312)565-6665
2. Which restaurant offers the cheapest meal for each person
A. Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bar. B. Fairmont Chicago.
C. Kit Kat Lounge and Supper Club. D. Lawry’s The Prime Rib.
3. If a 13-member family wants to celebrate Thanksgiving at home, they should order food in ________.
A. Kit Kat Lounge and Supper Club B. Fairmont Chicago
C. Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bar D. Lawry’s The Prime Rib
B
Thirty-five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine (饥荒) on his continent.
News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.
Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin.
Nzamajo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father — a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge.
Songhai has several “eco-literacy” development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.
After seeing success on his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigena. Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia, Nzamujo says they've trained more than 7.000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30, 000 people in total since it began.
Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat, hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further.
4. Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes
A. Poor soil. B. Water shortage.
C Lack of resources. D. Unsustainability.
5. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3
A. Introduce a solution. B. Give examples to the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
6. How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine
A. By offering land. B. By trading seeds.
C. By educating farmers. D. By selling technology.
7. Which of the following best describes Nzamujo
A. Critical and careful. B. Learned and responsible.
C. Optimistic and generous. D. Considerate and ambitious.
C
Several years ago, Jeremy Clarkson, presenter of the famous BBC television programme ‘Top Gear’, discovered that one of his guests was half German and half Irish. Immediately, he said, “That’s quite a strange combination. It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly… tomorrow’ ”.
This joke played on stereotypes of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy. Many people could understandably be offended by these kinds of assertions(断言). We do not know every Irish person, so how can we then conclude that every Irish person is lazy
I recently read on a website that Irish business people were described as being “generally rather casual” and “more outwardly friendly than many European countries”. German business people, on the other hand, are considered to be very direct and according to the website, they “do not need a personal relationship in order to do business”. Once you hear advice like this, it becomes easier to understand where jokes like the one in the first paragraph come from.
So why do some people disapprove of the kind of stereotypes as seen in Clarkson’s joke, but not batting an eyelid(眨眼) when it comes to generalizations. What is the difference between the two
By definition, a stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. A cultural characteristic, on the other hand, is a pattern of behaviour that is typical of a certain group.
So what does this really mean Stereotypes are simply overstated assumptions about groups of people. Imagine if a tourist visited a small town in Switzerland and saw a number of locals playing the alphorn instrument, and then claimed that Swiss people can play the alphorn. This would be a stereotype! This is an overstated image of the Swiss which is based on one tourist’s experience.
If, however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their business meetings. In this way, some people argue that generalizing another culture is not just useful, but important. Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid causing offence in those cultures. However, others argue that generalizing cultures will always lead to offensive stereotypes. They argue that the best thing we can do is to stop generalizing cultures and start treating people as individuals.
All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups
8. When he said, “It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly…tomorrow’”, Jeremy Clarkson really meant ________.
A. the stereotypes of the Germans and the Irish are not so good
B. the combination of half German and half Irish is interesting
C. the characteristics of the Germans and the Irish are opposite
D. the Germans will do it perfectly tomorrow while the Irish won’t
9. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. The Swiss can play the alphorn quite well.
B. The Irish people are considered as lazy, direct and casual.
C. The Germans are thought to be efficient, friendly and direct.
D. The Swiss tend to arrive on time on various occasions.
10. Politicians think it important to generalize another culture because ________.
A. they don’t want to offend other people
B. generalizing will lead to offensive stereotypes
C. cultural characteristics are better than stereotypes
D. they think different cultural characteristics are useful
11. The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. illustrate the importance of making generalizations
B. show it is wrong to play jokes on stereotypes of different people
C. tell us the differences between stereotypes and cultural characteristics
D discuss whether it is good to make generalizations about groups of people
D
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
12. Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly
A. They did not have sufficient fund.
B. No ready-made components were available.
C. There was no model in their mind.
D. It was hard for them to assemble the components.
13. What do we know about the robotic fly
A. The robotic fly has been put into wide application.
B. The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C. The robotic fly can collect information from many sources.
D. The robotic fly can fly well with the cooperation of individual components.
14. Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A. The robotic fly can replace animals in some experiments.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects.
D. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
15. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The development of robotic fly.
B. Robotic fly promotes engineering science.
C. Harvard’s efforts in making robotic fly.
D. Robotic fly imitates real life insect.
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分, 满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Last week, a teenager wrote me an email. The contents are as follows:
Recently, a drama festival was held in my school. ____16____ because I don’t have any experience. But if I really want to try it, what can I do
The following is my reply to her email:
Failure is a part of life. ____17____ . There will be more opportunities to audition (试镜) in the future. Focus on those and prepare yourself to the best of your ability.
Is there a drama club at your school Join it immediately. ____18____ . The club will be a great learning experience for all aspects of theatre. You can even learn more about set design, costume (服装) creation and visual (视觉的) effects. You can consider these roles if you don’t get the part. This way, you will still be involved with your passion and maybe find another along the way.
____19____ . What tips and tricks do they use to truly become their characters The Internet is of course a great source for this type of information with countless videos and resources. You can also examine your written text of a play carefully, and watch yourself in the mirror or record yourself playing a role. ____20____ . Make notes on how you can improve.
In the meantime, make a plan to succeed in your next audition. The year of 2022 just started-this is the perfect time for a New Year’s resolution. When the next audition comes around, I know you will be fully prepared.
Break a leg (祝你成功), as they say in theatre.
A. Learn from this experience
B. You can choose actor as your future job
C. Study your expressions and listen to your tone of voice
D. I am upset that I wasn’t selected to play a role in the drama
E. A drama is a serious play for the theatre, television, or radio, or a serious film
F. In your own time, you can educate yourself on how the best actors improve their craft (演技)
G. There, you will find like-minded students who want to get better at acting just like you
第二部分：语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节 完型填空（共 15 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A、B.C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The 8-year-old boy across the street stormed in and out of his own house very often. A neighbor, William Dunn,____21____ what was going on in his life. So Dunn asked him.
“He told me that he didn’t have a____22____, ” says Dunn, now 58, “and I realized there was____23____I could do for him. That something was____24____, a passion Dunn’s father had shared with him.”
Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every ____25____ to fish. Most didn’t have father figures in their lives and had never fished. “They’d been through a lot, and their lives were____26____, ” Dunn says. “But when they were fishing, all of that____27____Out on the boat, they’d be smiling, and even____28____.”
Jayden now 13, has become a devoted fisherman and ____29____Dunn with helping him mature. “I hope he knows I mean it when I say thank you,” he says.
Just as____30____as the fishing are the ____31____Dunn forms with the kids. “When Jayden was going through a____32____ period recently in study — I let Dunn know that his grades were suffering and he had a little talk with Jayden, ”Jayden’s mother says. To her delight, Jayden’s grades ____33____improved in the next exam.“There is nothing like seeing a kid ____34____ with a smile,”Dunn says. “I feel lucky to ____35____ that every weekend.”
21.
A. revealed B. explained C. doubted D. wondered
22.
A. mother B. father C. brother D. sister
23.
A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
24.
A. camping B. boating C. fishing D. running
25.
A. day B. month C. year D. weekend
26.
A. different B. difficult C. disciplined D. dynamic
27.
A. went away B. broke out C. came about D. take over
28.
A. studying B. sailing C. singing D. speaking
29.
A. charges B. entertains C. rewards D. credits
30.
A. important B. promising C. interesting D. complex
31.
A. circles B. habits C. impressions D. relationships
32.
A. rough B. long C. meaningful D. productive
33.
A. hardly B. nearly C. genuinely D. accidentally
34.
A. dress up B. light up C. take up D. put up
35.
A. dream B. expect C. witness D. receive
第 II 卷 (非选择题, 共 65 分)
第二节 语法填空 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个单词或者用所给单词的正确形式填空。
When it comes to foods that are more than worthy of being posted all over social media, Chinese sugar painting, a traditional Chinese form of folk art, deserves some time in the spotlight. Hot liquid sugar is used ____36____ (create) two-dimensional figures like small animals. Sugar art is pretty popular ____37____ children, but it’s beautiful enough to interest anyone.
Hot sugar is poured from a small spoon onto a flat surface where the outline of the figure ____38____ (draw) with a thick stream of sugar. Then ____39____ (relative) thinner sugar is added to support the outline and fill in the figure of the body in a ____40____ (combine) of zig-zags or other patterns, supported by a wooden stick. “Painting” artistic pieces from melted sugar ____41____ (differ) from regular painting. Because the hot sugar cools down very quickly, the painter has to work quickly, ____42____ (make) sure he gets every shape just right.
Customers traditionally spin ____43____ arrow on a wheel. It lands on a certain figure ____44____ is inspired by nature or wildlife in forms of a dragon, fish, monkey, bird or flower basket. This ancient Sichuan art form might not be as common` as it once was, but it still has the power to amaze _____45_____ (tourist) who come across talented street artists that make these amazing creations.
第三部分 写作 (共三节, 满分 50 分)
第一节 单词拼写 (共 10 小题, 每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分)
根据汉语提示和句子意思写出单词的正确形式, 每空限填一词
46. The expert _________(预测) that the talk between the two countries would succeed.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
47. Don’t have yourself _________ (劝说) easily into buying things you don’t need. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
48. I wake up to the sound of the wind ________ (连续猛击) the cloth of my tent. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
49. The town provides a wide choice of __________ (娱乐). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
50. You should be _________________(羞愧) of yourself for telling such lies. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
51. I’m all in __________________(赞同) of giving children more freedom. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52. There has been a slight increase in the domestic _________ (消费) of meat. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
53. It’s not a hotel, in the _________ (传统的) sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
54. In a world that warms up by 3 ℃, it found that _________ (重大的) changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
55. The way that he did things was _________ (相互矛盾的) to what he had said earlier this week. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
第二节 句子翻译（共 5 小题, 每空 3 分, 满分 15 分)
根据中文意思, 翻译下列句子。将每一题的答案写在答题卷相应的横线上。
56. 因此, 他让人移除了水泵把手, 以至于它不会被人使用。(accordingly, remove)（汉译英）
57. 非洲广衰草原，迷人的景色吸引了世界各地的自然爱好者。(vast, fascinating, appeal to) （汉译英）
58. 湖水清澈，可以清晰地看见水中倒映的雪山。(upside down, snow-covered mountain) （汉译英）
59. 最终他们赢了这场比赛，向所有球迷表明了他们是一支实力强大的球队。（ultimately, demonstrate）(汉译英）
60. 在大城市，自行车正在成为替代私家车出行的短途交通工具。(alternative, means of transport) （汉译英）
第三节 书面表达 （内容 20 分,书写 5 分, 总分 25 分）
61. 请以The Hero in My Eyes为题目写一篇短文。要点如下:
1. 该人物的简要介绍；
2. 该人物的主要事迹或成就；
3. 你对该人物的评价。
注意： 1. 字数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，人物生动立体；
3. 短文标题已给出，答题卡中不需抄写题目。
The Hero in My Eyes
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023 学年第一学期期中质量检测
高二 英语
满分: 130 分 时间：120 分钟
第一部分 阅读（共两节, 共 20 小题, 满分 50 分）
第一节 阅读理解 (共 15 小题; 每小题 2.5 分, 满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和 D）中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If you’d rather eat out on Thanksgiving or order the meal to go, you have no shortage of options. Here are some Chicago restaurants celebrating the holiday with a variety of dishes on offer.
Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bars, 546 N. Wells St
Go French for Thanksgiving, with Cyrano’s six-course to-go menu. It’s packed with four appetizers; four vegetable sides; pumpkin soup; a choice of turkey, duck or chicken; a cheese plate, and desserts. Also included: reheating instructions. The cost is US$39 a person. To order, call (312)467-0546.
Fairmont Chicago, 200 N. Columbus Drive
The hotel is going retro (怀旧的) and green this year with its Thanksgiving to-go menu, from organic green bean casserole (砂锅) made with mushroom soup to organic mashed potatoes with bacon bits and sour cream. The meal, which serves 8 to 10, is US$195, plus tax. Orders must be in by 3 p.m. Wednesday. To order, call (312)565-6665.
Kit Kat Lounge and Supper Club, 3700 N. Halsted St
The restaurant celebrates Thanksgiving a day early with a three-course menu on Wednesday. Menu items include a wild mushroom tart (馅饼) with Gruyere and Cabernet-marinated steak with Havarti mashed potatoes. The US$35 dinner each, tax and tip not included, includes a martini. For reservations, call (773)525-1111.
Lawry’s The Prime Rib, 100 E. Ontario St
The star of the Thanksgiving menu is organic, free-range turkey from Pennsylvania. To-go dinner package also will be offered, with 10 percent of proceeds (收益) going to the Greater Chicago Food Depository. Carry-out packages range from US$27 for an individual turkey dinner to US$480 for a meal serving 12 to 14. Orders must be placed by Tuesday. Call (312)787-5000.
Popeyes, various locations
Thirteen of the chicken chain’s Chicago locations are taking orders now for takeout fried turkeys. The turkeys, which serve 8 to 10, range from US$40 to US$45. Use the restaurant locator at www. for locations and phone numbers.
1. If a person wants to order sweet food like pudding, he or she should dial ________.
A. (312)467-0546 B. (312)787-50000 C. (773)525-1111 D. (312)565-6665
2. Which restaurant offers the cheapest meal for each person
A. Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bar. B. Fairmont Chicago.
C. Kit Kat Lounge and Supper Club. D. Lawry’s The Prime Rib.
3. If a 13-member family wants to celebrate Thanksgiving at home, they should order food in ________.
A. Kit Kat Lounge and Supper Club B. Fairmont Chicago
C. Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bar D. Lawry’s The Prime Rib
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五家不同的可以在感恩节用餐或外带的餐厅，这些餐厅的菜肴和价格以及联系方式。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句“Go French for Thanksgiving, with Cyrano’s six-course to-go menu. It’s packed with four appetizers; four vegetable sides; pumpkin soup; a choice of turkey, duck or chicken; a cheese plate, and desserts.(感恩节去法国，吃Cyrano的六道菜外带菜单。它挤满了四道开胃菜；四个蔬菜面；南瓜汤；火鸡、鸭肉或鸡肉的选择；奶酪盘和甜点)”可知，Cyrano’s Bistrot and Wine Bars提供甜品，联系电话是(312)467-0546。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“The cost is US$39 a person. (费用为每人39美元)”；三段倒数第二句“The meal, which serves 8 to 10, is US$195, plus tax. (这顿饭8至10人，含税195美元)”；四段倒数第二句“The US$35 dinner each, tax and tip not included, includes a martini. (每顿35美元的晚餐（不含税和小费）包括一杯马提尼酒)”；五段倒数第二句“Carry-out packages range from US$27 for an individual turkey dinner to US$480 for a meal serving 12 to 14. (外卖套餐从个人火鸡晚餐27美元到12至14份餐480美元不等)”；最后一段倒数第二句“The turkeys, which serve 8 to 10, range from US$40 to US$45. (火鸡供应8至10只，价格从40美元到45美元不等)”可知，五家餐厅中单人最便宜的一家是Fairmont Chicago。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段倒数第二句“Carry-out packages range from US$27 for an individual turkey dinner to US$480 for a meal serving 12 to 14.(外卖套餐从个人火鸡晚餐27美元到12至14份餐480美元不等)”可知，Lawry’s The Prime Rib可以提供13人的餐。故选D。
B
Thirty-five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine (饥荒) on his continent.
News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.
Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin.
Nzamajo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father — a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge.
Songhai has several “eco-literacy” development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.
After seeing success on his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigena. Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia, Nzamujo says they've trained more than 7.000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30, 000 people in total since it began.
Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat, hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further.
4. Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes
A. Poor soil. B. Water shortage.
C. Lack of resources. D. Unsustainability.
5. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3
A. Introduce a solution. B. Give examples to the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
6. How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine
A. By offering land. B. By trading seeds.
C. By educating farmers. D. By selling technology.
7. Which of the following best describes Nzamujo
A. Critical and careful. B. Learned and responsible.
C. Optimistic and generous. D. Considerate and ambitious.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学识渊博且有责任心的Nzamujo博士回到非洲，设计“零浪费”农业系统，创立“松海”农场，帮助那里的人们缓解饥荒问题。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.(在那里，他发现了一个生态丰富多样，能够生产食物的大陆。他认为干旱并不是大范围饥饿的唯一原因，可持续性被人们忽略了)”可知，在Nzamujo看来，可持续性是被人们忽略了的造成饥荒的一个原因，换句话说，人们没有注意到农业的不可持续性问题。故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nzamujo began designing a ‘zero waste’ agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm ‘Songhai’ in the West African country of Benin.(Nzamujo开始设计一个“零浪费”农业系统，这不仅将提高粮食安全，而且有助于环境和创造就业机会。1985年，他在西非国家贝宁开办了他的可持续农场“松海”)”可推知，第三段介绍Nzamujo的解决方案，“零浪费”农业系统。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Songhai has several ‘eco-literacy’ development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.(松海有几个“生态素养”发展项目。他们为农民企业家提供为期18个月的培训课程，和在短期内学习除草等技术。人们从世界各地赶来学习Nzamujo的方法)”可知，Songhai项目通过培训农民来帮助缓解饥荒问题。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa.(20世纪80年代早期，非洲各地发生干旱的消息令Nzamujo感到不安。带着微生物学博士学位和他的信仰，他回到了非洲)”可知，获得微生物学博士学位的Nzamujo得知非洲人民遭受饥荒时，带着自己的知识和信仰回到非洲，去帮助那里的人们。由此推知，Nzamujo不但学识渊博而且有责任心。故选B项。
C
Several years ago, Jeremy Clarkson, presenter of the famous BBC television programme ‘Top Gear’, discovered that one of his guests was half German and half Irish. Immediately, he said, “That’s quite a strange combination. It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly… tomorrow’ ”.
This joke played on stereotypes of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy. Many people could understandably be offended by these kinds of assertions(断言). We do not know every Irish person, so how can we then conclude that every Irish person is lazy
I recently read on a website that Irish business people were described as being “generally rather casual” and “more outwardly friendly than many European countries”. German business people, on the other hand, are considered to be very direct and according to the website, they “do not need a personal relationship in order to do business”. Once you hear advice like this, it becomes easier to understand where jokes like the one in the first paragraph come from.
So why do some people disapprove of the kind of stereotypes as seen in Clarkson’s joke, but not batting an eyelid(眨眼) when it comes to generalizations. What is the difference between the two
By definition, a stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. A cultural characteristic, on the other hand, is a pattern of behaviour that is typical of a certain group.
So what does this really mean Stereotypes are simply overstated assumptions about groups of people. Imagine if a tourist visited a small town in Switzerland and saw a number of locals playing the alphorn instrument, and then claimed that Swiss people can play the alphorn. This would be a stereotype! This is an overstated image of the Swiss which is based on one tourist’s experience.
If, however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their business meetings. In this way, some people argue that generalizing another culture is not just useful, but important. Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid causing offence in those cultures. However, others argue that generalizing cultures will always lead to offensive stereotypes. They argue that the best thing we can do is to stop generalizing cultures and start treating people as individuals.
All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups
8. When he said, “It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly…tomorrow’”, Jeremy Clarkson really meant ________.
A. the stereotypes of the Germans and the Irish are not so good
B. the combination of half German and half Irish is interesting
C. the characteristics of the Germans and the Irish are opposite
D. the Germans will do it perfectly tomorrow while the Irish won’t
9. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. The Swiss can play the alphorn quite well.
B. The Irish people are considered as lazy, direct and casual.
C. The Germans are thought to be efficient, friendly and direct.
D. The Swiss tend to arrive on time on various occasions.
10 Politicians think it important to generalize another culture because ________.
A. they don’t want to offend other people
B. generalizing will lead to offensive stereotypes
C. cultural characteristics are better than stereotypes
D. they think different cultural characteristics are useful
11. The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. illustrate the importance of making generalizations
B. show it is wrong to play jokes on stereotypes of different people
C. tell us the differences between stereotypes and cultural characteristics
D. discuss whether it is good to make generalizations about groups of people
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。由于文化、习俗习惯的不同，不同的民族总是有其独有的特点，文章讨论了是否需要对民族特性作概括。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“That’s quite a strange combination. It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly… tomorrow’(那是一个相当奇怪的组合。‘这就像，这必须做得绝对完美……明天’)”和第二段“This joke played on stereotypes of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy.(这个笑话是针对德国人效率高、爱尔兰人懒惰的刻板印象)”可知，人们认为德国人效率高、爱尔兰人懒惰，是很奇怪的组合，可得出作者说这句话是为了表明人们对德国人和爱尔兰人的印象是相反的。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“If, however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their business meetings.(然而，如果这位游客说瑞士人非常守时，这可以被视为一种文化特征。这是因为这是一种在瑞士非常典型的行为模式:从他们的交通系统到他们的商务会议)”可知，守时是瑞士人的典型文化特征，所以瑞士人往往在各种场合都准时到达。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid causing offence in those cultures.(政治家总是要注意不同国家的文化特点。通过了解不同的文化特征，他们可以避免冒犯那些文化)”可知，通过对不同的民族特征做了解和掌握，就不会冒犯别人了。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段“All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups (所有这些都提出了重要的问题：对人群进行概括是否是一件积极的事情？还是我们应该总是避免对不同的群体做出广泛的假设？)”可知，文章主要讨论了是否需要对民族特性作概括，即讨论对人群进行概括是否有益。故选D。
D
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”
12. Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly
A. They did not have sufficient fund.
B. No ready-made components were available.
C. There was no model in their mind.
D. It was hard for them to assemble the components.
13. What do we know about the robotic fly
A. The robotic fly has been put into wide application.
B. The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C. The robotic fly can collect information from many sources.
D. The robotic fly can fly well with the cooperation of individual components.
14. Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A The robotic fly can replace animals in some experiments.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects.
D. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
15. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The development of robotic fly.
B. Robotic fly promotes engineering science.
C. Harvard’s efforts in making robotic fly.
D. Robotic fly imitates real life insect.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了哈佛大学团队创造了第一只机器人苍蝇。机械苍蝇已成为一系列新的高科技集成系统的平台，它可以做自然苍蝇做的事情，还可以在空中并执行飞行任务。但最终目标是为它配备内置电源，以便它有朝一日可以在救援地点、农田或战场上进行数据收集工作。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句““The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.(“像这样的项目的额外困难在于，实际上这些组件都不是现成的，因此我们必须自己开发它们，”他说)”可知，制作机器人苍蝇的困难在于需要自己开发小的组件。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to.” said Wood. (他们设计了一系列系统来启动和驱动机器人苍蝇。伍德说：“看似简单的系统，只是移动机翼，它的各个部件之间有许多相互依赖的关系，每个部件都必须各自表现良好，但必须与它所连接的所有部件都匹配良好。”)”可知，机器人苍蝇虽然由各个小组件组合而成，但它们互相配合良好。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. (“你知道，你可以开始考虑用它们来回答开放的科学问题，以对动物来说很难的方式研究生物学，而是使用这些机器人。”)”可知，可以用这些机器人去代替实验中的动物们。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第一段“A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. (哈佛大学的一个工程师团队受到大自然的启发，创造了第一个机器人苍蝇。机械飞已成为一系列新型高科技集成系统的平台。设计用于做苍蝇自然做的事情，这个微型机器只有一只胖家蝇那么大。它的迷你机翼使其能够停留在空中并执行受控的飞行任务)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍科学家们研究出来世界上第一只机器人苍蝇，可以做生物苍蝇做的事情，同时还可以执行任务，即机器人苍蝇可以模仿真正的昆虫。故选D。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分, 满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Last week, a teenager wrote me an email. The contents are as follows:
Recently, a drama festival was held in my school. ____16____ because I don’t have any experience. But if I really want to try it, what can I do
The following is my reply to her email:
Failure is a part of life. ____17____ . There will be more opportunities to audition (试镜) in the future. Focus on those and prepare yourself to the best of your ability.
Is there a drama club at your school Join it immediately. ____18____ . The club will be a great learning experience for all aspects of theatre. You can even learn more about set design, costume (服装) creation and visual (视觉的) effects. You can consider these roles if you don’t get the part. This way, you will still be involved with your passion and maybe find another along the way.
____19____ . What tips and tricks do they use to truly become their characters The Internet is of course a great source for this type of information with countless videos and resources. You can also examine your written text of a play carefully, and watch yourself in the mirror or record yourself playing a role. ____20____ . Make notes on how you can improve.
In the meantime, make a plan to succeed in your next audition. The year of 2022 just started-this is the perfect time for a New Year’s resolution. When the next audition comes around, I know you will be fully prepared.
Break a leg (祝你成功), as they say in theatre.
A. Learn from this experience
B. You can choose actor as your future job
C. Study your expressions and listen to your tone of voice
D. I am upset that I wasn’t selected to play a role in the drama
E. A drama is a serious play for the theatre, television, or radio, or a serious film
F. In your own time, you can educate yourself on how the best actors improve their craft (演技)
G. There you will find like-minded students who want to get better at acting just like you
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。作者就一位青少年因为想参与话剧演出，但又没有经验的苦恼给出了几点建议。
【16题详解】
根据下文“because I don’t have any experience(因为我没有任何经验)”可推知这位青少年因没有任何经验，所以没有被选上参与节目，所以这位青少年感到很苦恼，来咨询作者。结合选项可知选项D. I am upset that I wasn’t selected to play a role in the drama.(我没有被选中在剧中扮演一个角色，这让我很沮丧。)与上述分析一致。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据上文也就是段落首句“Failure is a part of life.(失败是生活的一部分。)”可知本段作者想要告诉要青少年正确地认识失败，因为失败是生活的一部分，空格处应与本段话题一致，结合选项可知选项A. Learn from this experience.(从这次经历中学习)是一种正确认识失败的方式，即从失败中汲取经验教训，且选项A衔接上下文自然。故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Is there a drama club at your school Join it immediately.(你们学校有戏剧俱乐部吗 立即加入它。)”可推知接下来作者要向这位青少年解释为什么要立即加入戏剧俱乐部的原因，结合选项可知选项G. There, you will find like-minded students who want to get better at acting just like you.(在那里，你会找到志同道合的学生，他们想要像你一样表演得更好。)与上述分析一致且句中的“There”与上文的“drama club”相对应。故选G。
【19题详解】
空格处是段落首句，一般起到段落大意的作用，根据下文“What tips and tricks do they use to truly become their characters The Internet is of course a great source for this type of information with countless videos and resources. You can also examine your written text of a play carefully, and watch yourself in the mirror or record yourself playing a role. (他们使用什么方法和技巧来真正成为他们的角色 互联网当然是这类信息的一个很好的来源，有无数的视频和资源。你也可以仔细检查剧本的文字，对着镜子观察自己，或记录自己扮演的角色。)”可知本段作者主要告诉这位青少年要如何学习演技技巧。结合选项可知选项F. In your own time, you can educate yourself on how the best actors improve their craft (演技)(在你自己的时间里，你可以自学最好的演员是如何提高他们演技的。)能够很好地概括本段内容。故选F。
【20题详解】
根据上文“You can also examine your written text of a play carefully, and watch yourself in the mirror or record yourself playing a role.(你也可以仔细检查剧本的文字，对着镜子观察自己，或记录自己扮演的角色。)”可知此处作者向青少年讲如何进一步提升演技，选项C. Study your expressions and listen to your tone of voice.(研究你的表情，倾听你的语气。)中是对前文的进一步解释，对着镜子可以研究你的表情，从而更好地揣摩演技。故选C。
第二部分：语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节 完型填空（共 15 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A、B.C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The 8-year-old boy across the street stormed in and out of his own house very often. A neighbor, William Dunn,____21____ what was going on in his life. So Dunn asked him.
“He told me that he didn’t have a____22____, ” says Dunn, now 58, “and I realized there was____23____I could do for him. That something was____24____, a passion Dunn’s father had shared with him.”
Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every ____25____ to fish. Most didn’t have father figures in their lives and had never fished. “They’d been through a lot, and their lives were____26____, ” Dunn says. “But when they were fishing, all of that____27____Out on the boat, they’d be smiling, and even____28____.”
Jayden, now 13, has become a devoted fisherman and ____29____Dunn with helping him mature. “I hope he knows I mean it when I say thank you,” he says.
Just as____30____as the fishing are the ____31____Dunn forms with the kids. “When Jayden was going through a____32____ period recently in study — I let Dunn know that his grades were suffering and he had a little talk with Jayden, ”Jayden’s mother says. To her delight, Jayden’s grades ____33____improved in the next exam.“There is nothing like seeing a kid ____34____ with a smile,”Dunn says. “I feel lucky to ____35____ that every weekend.”
21.
A. revealed B. explained C. doubted D. wondered
22.
A. mother B. father C. brother D. sister
23.
A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
24.
A. camping B. boating C. fishing D. running
25.
A. day B. month C. year D. weekend
26.
A. different B. difficult C. disciplined D. dynamic
27.
A. went away B. broke out C. came about D. take over
28.
A. studying B. sailing C. singing D. speaking
29.
A. charges B. entertains C. rewards D. credits
30.
A. important B. promising C. interesting D. complex
31.
A. circles B. habits C. impressions D. relationships
32.
A. rough B. long C. meaningful D. productive
33.
A. hardly B. nearly C. genuinely D. accidentally
34.
A. dress up B. light up C. take up D. put up
35.
A. dream B. expect C. witness D. receive
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了善良的威廉·邓恩几乎每个周末都带着一群孩子出去钓鱼，他们大多数人在生活中没有父亲的形象，也从来没有钓过鱼。在钓鱼的过程中，孩子们很开心，同时邓恩也给了这些孩子一些建议和鼓励，这些孩子们也取得了进步。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居威廉·邓恩想知道他的生活发生了什么。A. revealed揭示；B. explained解释；C. doubted怀疑；D. wondered想知道。根据下文“So Dunn asked him.”可知，邻居威廉·邓恩想知道他的生活发生了什么。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“他告诉我他没有父亲，”现年58岁的邓恩说，“我意识到我可以为他做点什么。”A. mother母亲；B. father父亲；C. brother兄弟；D. sister姐姐。根据下文“Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every ___5___to fish. Most didn’t have father figures in their lives and had never fished.”可知，这个男孩没有父亲。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：“他告诉我他没有父亲，”现年58岁的邓恩说，“我意识到我可以为他做点什么。”A. something某物；B. nothing什么都没有；C. anything任何东西；D. everything一切。根据下文“That something was___4___, a passion Dunn’s father had shared with him.”可知，邓恩想为他做点什么，something属于原词复现。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那就是钓鱼，这是邓恩的父亲和他共同的爱好。A. camping露营；B. boating划船；C. fishing钓鱼；D. running跑步。根据下文“Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every ___5___to fish.”可知，邓恩想为孩子做的事情就是和他一起去钓鱼。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：邓恩几乎每个周末都带着一群孩子出去钓鱼。A. day天；B. month月；C. year年；D. weekend周末。根据下文“I feel lucky to____15____that every weekend.”可知，几乎每个周末，邓恩都带着一群孩子出去钓鱼。weekend为该空的提示词。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“他们经历了很多，他们的生活很艰难，”邓恩说。A. different不同的；B. difficult艰难的；C. disciplined纪律严明的；D. dynamic充满活力的。根据上文“Most didn’t have father figures in their lives and had never fished.”及常识可知，这些孩子大多数人没有父亲，生活很艰难。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但当他们钓鱼时，所有这些都消失了。A. went away消失；B. broke out爆发；C. came about产生；D. took over接管。根据下文“Out on the boat, they’d be smiling, and even___8___.”可知，但当他们钓鱼时，这些孩子很开心，那些生活的艰难都忘记了、消失了。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在船上，他们会微笑，甚至唱歌。A. studying学习；B. sailing航行；C. singing唱歌；D. speaking谈话。根据上文“Out on the boat, they’d be smiling”可知，但当他们钓鱼时，这些孩子很开心。由此可知，开心的时候唱起了歌。singing符合此处语境。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现年13岁杰登已经成为一名忠实的钓鱼人，他认为邓恩帮助他成熟起来。A. charges控告；B. entertains使快乐；C. rewards奖赏；D. credits认为。根据下文“I hope he knows I mean it when I say thank you”可知，杰登感谢了邓恩，所以他应该是认为邓恩帮助他成熟起来。固定搭配credit sb. with sth.“把某事归功于某人”。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：邓恩和孩子们建立的关系和钓鱼一样重要。A. important重要的；B. promising有希望的；C. interesting有趣的；D. complex复杂的。根据语境可知，此处指和钓鱼一样重要的是邓恩和孩子们之间的关系。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：邓恩和孩子们建立的关系和钓鱼一样重要。A. circles圆圈；B. habits习惯；C. impressions印象；D. relationships关系。根据下文“Dunn forms with the kids.”可知，邓恩和孩子们之间建立了非常亲密的关系。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当杰登最近在学习上遇到困难时，我让邓恩知道他的成绩很差，他还和杰登聊了一会儿，”杰登的母亲说。 A. rough 艰难的；B. long长的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. productive富有成效的，多产的。根据下文“I let Dunn know that his grades were suffering and he had a little talk with Jayden”可知，杰登最近的成绩很糟糕，说明他最近在学习上遇到了困难。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：令她高兴的是，杰登的成绩在下次考试中真正提高了。A. hardly几乎不；B. nearly差不多；C. genuinely真正地；D. accidentally意外地。根据上文“To her delight”可知，杰登的成绩在下次考试中真正提高了。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：“没有什么比看到一个孩子面带微笑更开心的了，”邓恩说。A. dress up打扮；B. light up照亮，(使)面有喜色；C. take up占用；D. put up张贴。根据上文“Out on the boat, they’d be smiling”可知，邓恩觉得看到孩子脸上因为有了笑容而明亮起来，这让邓恩很高兴。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个周末都能见证这一切，我感到很幸运。A. dream梦见；B. expect预期；C. witness见证；D. receive接收。根据上文““There is nothing like seeing a____14____light up with a smile,” Dunn says.”可知，每个周末都能见证一个孩子面带微笑，邓恩感到很幸运。故选C。
第 II 卷 (非选择题, 共 65 分)
第二节 语法填空 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个单词或者用所给单词的正确形式填空。
When it comes to foods that are more than worthy of being posted all over social media, Chinese sugar painting, a traditional Chinese form of folk art, deserves some time in the spotlight. Hot liquid sugar is used ____36____ (create) two-dimensional figures like small animals. Sugar art is pretty popular ____37____ children, but it’s beautiful enough to interest anyone.
Hot sugar is poured from a small spoon onto a flat surface where the outline of the figure ____38____ (draw) with a thick stream of sugar. Then ____39____ (relative) thinner sugar is added to support the outline and fill in the figure of the body in a ____40____ (combine) of zig-zags or other patterns, supported by a wooden stick. “Painting” artistic pieces from melted sugar ____41____ (differ) from regular painting. Because the hot sugar cools down very quickly, the painter has to work quickly, ____42____ (make) sure he gets every shape just right.
Customers traditionally spin ____43____ arrow on a wheel. It lands on a certain figure ____44____ is inspired by nature or wildlife in forms of a dragon, fish, monkey, bird or flower basket. This ancient Sichuan art form might not be as common` as it once was, but it still has the power to amaze _____45_____ (tourist) who come across talented street artists that make these amazing creations.
【答案】36. to create
37. with##among
38. is drawn
39. relatively
bination
41. differs
42. making 43. an
44. that##which
45. tourists
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国的糖画艺术。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：热的液体糖被用来制作像小动物一样的二维图形。短语be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”。故填to create。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：糖艺术很受孩子们的欢迎，但它的美丽足以引起任何人的兴趣。短语be popular with/among表示“很受……的欢迎”。故填with/among。
【38题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：热糖从一个小勺子倒在一个平面上，在这个平面上，用厚厚的糖流画出人物的轮廓。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文is可知为一般现在时的被动语态，故填is drawn。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：然后加入相对较薄的糖来支撑轮廓，并在一根木棍的支撑下，以锯齿或其他图案的组合填充身体的图形。修饰thinner应用副词relatively，故填relatively。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：然后加入相对较薄的糖来支撑轮廓，并在一根木棍的支撑下，以锯齿或其他图案的组合填充身体的图形。作宾语，表示“组合”短语为a combination of。故填combination。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意：用融化的糖制成的“绘画”艺术作品不同于普通的绘画。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为“Painting” artistic pieces from melted sugar，谓语用三单形式。故填differs。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因为热糖冷却得很快，所以画家必须快速工作，确保每个形状都恰到好处。分析句子结构可知make与逻辑主语painter构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填making。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：传统上，顾客会在一个轮子上旋转一个箭头。arrow为泛指，且是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它落在一个特定的人物上，这个人物的灵感来自大自然或野生动物，如龙、鱼、猴子、鸟或花篮。定语从句修饰先行词figure，在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。
【45题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：这种古老的四川艺术形式可能不像以前那么普遍了，但它仍然有力量让游客们惊叹，当他们遇到才华横溢的街头艺术家时，他们会创作出这些令人惊叹的作品。tourist为可数名词，前文没有冠词，故用复数形式。故填tourists。
第三部分 写作 (共三节, 满分 50 分)
第一节 单词拼写 (共 10 小题, 每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分)
根据汉语提示和句子意思写出单词的正确形式, 每空限填一词
46. The expert _________(预测) that the talk between the two countries would succeed.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】predicted
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：这位专家预测，两国之间的会谈将取得成功。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词predict“预测”，在句中作谓语。根据从句中的“would succeed”可知，本句话用一般过去时态，表示该动作发生在过去。故填predicted。
47. Don’t have yourself _________ (劝说) easily into buying things you don’t need. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】persuaded
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要让自己轻易被劝服买你不需要的东西。yourself与persuade（劝说）为逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词作宾补，故填persuaded。
48. I wake up to the sound of the wind ________ (连续猛击) the cloth of my tent. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】buffeting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我醒来时听到风拍打帐篷布的声音。根据汉语提示可知应填动词buffet，与逻辑主语wind构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填buffeting。
49. The town provides a wide choice of __________ (娱乐). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】entertainment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个城镇提供了广泛的娱乐选择。 根据句意和汉语提示可知，此处用不可数名词entertainment(娱乐)作介词 of的宾语。故填entertainment。
50. You should be _________________(羞愧) of yourself for telling such lies. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】ashamed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你应该为自己说这样的谎话而感到羞耻。“羞愧”表达为形容词ashamed，此处考查形容词短语be ashamed of，意为“为……感到羞耻”，形容词作表语。故填ashamed。
51. I’m all in __________________(赞同) of giving children more freedom. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】favour
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语搭配。句意：我完全赞成给孩子们更多的自由。“赞同”表达为名词favour，此处考查介词短语in favour of，意为“支持，赞成”，故填favour。
52. There has been a slight increase in the domestic _________ (消费) of meat. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】consumption
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：国内肉类消费量略有增长。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用名词consumption，为不可数名词，作介词in的宾语。故填consumption。
53. It’s not a hotel, in the _________ (传统的) sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】conventional
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这不是传统意义上的酒店，而是整个村庄变成了酒店。根据汉语提示“传统的”可知，此处使用形容词conventional，作定语，修饰名词sense。故填conventional。
54. In a world that warms up by 3 ℃, it found that _________ (重大的) changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】significant
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：研究发现，在一个温度上升3℃的世界里，海洋的颜色会发生重大的变化。根据汉语提示“重大的”可知，此处使用形容词significant，作定语，修饰名词changes。故填significant。
55. The way that he did things was _________ (相互矛盾的) to what he had said earlier this week. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】contradictory
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他做事的方式与本周早些时候所说的相互矛盾。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用形容词contradictory，在主句中作表语，符合题意。故填contradictory。
第二节 句子翻译（共 5 小题, 每空 3 分, 满分 15 分)
根据中文意思, 翻译下列句子。将每一题的答案写在答题卷相应的横线上。
56. 因此, 他让人移除了水泵的把手, 以至于它不会被人使用。(accordingly, remove)（汉译英）
【答案】Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和状语从句。因此可以用副词“accordingly”，放到句首作状语。have sth. done“请别人做某事”，have为使役动词，在该句中作谓语动词，本句话描述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时；水泵的把手可以翻译为“the handle of the pump”，作have的宾语，移除用动词“remove”，用过去分词作宾语补足语；以至于可以翻译为“so that……”，引导结果状语从句。使用可用动词“use”，在从句中作谓语动词。不会被人使用可以翻译为“could not be used”。故翻译为Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
57. 非洲广衰的草原，迷人的景色吸引了世界各地的自然爱好者。(vast, fascinating, appeal to) （汉译英）
【答案】The vast African prairie and fascinating scenery appeal to nature lovers from all over the world.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、动词时态和主谓一致。表示“非洲广衰的草原，迷人的景色”用The vast African prairie and fascinating scenery，作主语。表示“吸引”用固定短语appeal to，其中to为介词，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为复数，可知本题谓语用动词原形。表示“世界各地的自然爱好者”用nature lovers from all over the world，作to的宾语。故翻译为The vast African prairie and fascinating scenery appeal to nature lovers from all over the world.
58. 湖水清澈，可以清晰地看见水中倒映的雪山。(upside down, snow-covered mountain) （汉译英）
【答案】The lake water is so crystal-clear that you can see snow-covered mountains reflected upside down in it.
【解析】
【详解】考查结果状语从句。湖水可以翻译为“the lake water”，在句中作主语。so+adj.+that意为“如此……以致于”，该结构引导结果状语从句。清澈的可以用形容词“crystal-clear”；that从句中的主语为you；“看见”可用动词“see”，前面加上情态动词can，表示“可以看见”，在从句中作谓语动词。雪山可以翻译为“snow-covered mountain”，倒映可以翻译为“reflect upside down”，该动词短语在句中作宾语补足语，所以用非谓语动词的形式，reflect和宾语之间为被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。用it指代前文中出现的“the lake water”。故翻译为The lake water is so crystal-clear that you can see snow-covered mountains reflected upside down in it.
59. 最终他们赢了这场比赛，向所有球迷表明了他们是一支实力强大的球队。（ultimately, demonstrate）(汉译英）
【答案】Ultimately, they won the match, demonstrating to their fans that they are a powerful team.
【解析】
【详解】考查副词、时态、非谓语动词和宾语从句。根据提示词可知本句用副词Ultimately(最终)位于句首作状语；语境表明“赢得比赛”发生在过去，用一般过去时；“向所有球迷证明了……”是“赢得比赛”的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果；“他们是一支强大的球队”为宾语从句，从句成分完整，用that仅起连接作用，无实义；从句的内容为客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：Ultimately, they won the match, demonstrating to their fans that they are a powerful team.
60. 在大城市，自行车正在成为替代私家车出行的短途交通工具。(alternative, means of transport) （汉译英）
【答案】In big cites, bikes are becoming an alternative of / to private cars as a means of short-distance transport.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、固定短语。表示“在大城市”用In big cites，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“自行车”用bike，结合句子意思可知，自行车不止一个，应用名词复数形式作主语。表示“成为”用become，结合句意“正在成为”可知，句子时态用现在进行时。表示“替代私家车出行的短途交通工具”用an alternative of / to private cars as a means of short-distance transport，其中固定短语an alternative of / to...意为“……的替代品”，means of transport意为“交通工具”。故翻译为In big cites, bikes are becoming an alternative of / to private cars as a means of short-distance transport.
第三节 书面表达 （内容 20 分,书写 5 分, 总分 25 分）
61. 请以The Hero in My Eyes为题目写一篇短文。要点如下:
1. 该人物的简要介绍；
2. 该人物的主要事迹或成就；
3. 你对该人物的评价。
注意： 1. 字数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，人物生动立体；
3. 短文标题已给出，答题卡中不需抄写题目。
The Hero in My Eyes
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version:
The Hero in My Eyes
The person I respect most is the geophysicist Huang Danian, who helped China to make many technological advances.
Huang was a remarkable scientist. He had studied and worked in Britain for 18 years, but when he felt that his country needed him, he gave up his well-paid job and returned to China. Over the next seven years, Huang worked to develop many devices needed for deep-Earth exploration.
Unfortunately, such achievements didn’t come cheap. Due to the frantic pace of his research, Huang was absent from his father’s funeral, and even his own cancer went undetected as he had no time to see a doctor. To sum up, Huang sacrificed everything for his research, and I think more people should honour him.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生以“The Hero in My Eyes”为题，写一篇短文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
杰出：remarkable→outstanding
返回：return to→ go back to
不幸地：unfortunately→ unluckily
因为：due to→ owing to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Over the next seven years, Huang worked to develop many devices needed for deep-Earth exploration.
拓展句：Over the next seven years, Huang worked to develop many devices which are needed for deep-Earth exploration.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The person I respect most is the geophysicist Huang Danian, who helped China to make many technological advances.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】He had studied and worked in Britain for 18 years, but when he felt that his country needed him, he gave up his well-paid job and returned to China. （运用了when引导的时间状语从句）
