2023北京一零一中高二（上）期中英语（含解析）
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2023北京一零一中高二（上）期中
英 语
命题：高二英语备课组
(考试时间：100分钟，试卷满分：95分)
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，共25分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题：每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
When I was little, I’d play chess with my grandfather, and he’d smoke his cigar while telling me stories about growing up, pursuing dreams, and travelling around the world. Yet it was only after he passed away that I ____1____ how fast his stories had faded away.
Hence the importance of preserving ____2____ dawned on me, which ultimately changed my previous outlook on remembering our loved ones and the stories we share.
All too often, we take for granted the value that our family histories and personal experiences have had in our lives. They help to ____3____ who we are, providing markers of our growth. I believe to some degree we are all naturally ____4____ about our ancestry, but we can be stuck on knowing what questions to ask.
Full of regrets but armed with a newfound ____5____, I thought about solutions to help other people record the precious memories for those they love—before it’s too late. As freelancer (自由职业者) platforms became mainstream, I discovered many highly qualified writers were ____6____ around the world, so I began matching ghostwriters (代笔者) with clients to help them write a book. Then, Story Tree, a memoir-writing service, was ____7____.
Since then, we have explored the power of stories and their ability to connect us with our past and ____8____ the present. It has been documented that learning more about one’s family history has been linked to ____9____ emotional health, increasing compassion and providing a deeper sense of cultures and traditions.
Among all the heritage stories at Story Tree, family is a dominant theme. Other common themes are love, enterprising spirit, overcoming difficulty, and settling in new surroundings. However, _____10_____ is a thread that always ties these together.
1. A. doubted B. imagined C. realized D. counted
2. A. hobbies B. relationships C. evidences D. memories
3. A. shape B. confirm C. present D. perfect
4. A. certain B. curious C. cautious D. confused
5. A. business B. relief C. purpose D. talent
6. A. available B. accessible C. admirable D. acceptable
7. A. approved B. found C. updated D. born
8. A. catch up with B. put up with C. make sense of D. take advantage of
9. A. risking B. boosting C. assessing D. monitoring
10. A. family B. community C. culture D. history
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The British must have really high standards. I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China. I had spent days in ___11___ (prepare) for my first English paper. I knew I did a good job and was looking forward ___12___ getting a positive comment. When I got the paper back, I found that my teacher ___13___ (write) the comment “Not bad!” Not bad But there weren’t any ___14___ (mistake) in my paper.
B
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ___15___(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day. Later engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels, ___16___ became known as the tube. The Central London Railway, one of the most successful of these new lines, ___17___(open) in 1990.
C
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Leaf-cutter ants are interesting. ____18____(look) for leaves, the larger ants usually go out in groups. They bite of bits of leaves and carry them back. Watching these ants march in single file, carrying leaves, is quite a sight. These ants can carry a leaf that ____19____ (weigh) 20 times more than they do. The leaves ____20____ (collect) by the ants are not for eating. They are brought back so fungus(真菌) can grow on them. The fungus is the food for the ants.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题：每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.
To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.
Requirements for the Applicants
You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.
You have completed your high school studies.
You have at least one year of work experience.
You have strong public speaking skills.
You are self-motivated and committed.
You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.
You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.
21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme
C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project
22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.
A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel
C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers
23. Which is a requirement for the applicants
A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.
C. Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.
B
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
24. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.
A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
C
Next Frontiers
Schoolbooks typically present explorers as intrepid (勇敢的) individuals who, for example, sail wooden ships to new lands. But today most explorers who are making fundamental discoveries are scientists. And whether the frontiers are tiny, like the human genome, or massive, like our deepest oceans, we still have much left to learn about planet Earth. The quests that modern scientists pursue rival (比得上) anything in a history book or an adventure novel.
Exploration is science in its most basic form — asking questions of the natural world and, we hope, using the answers for the betterment of everything on Earth.
Exploration has great value. It inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a better future. And the practical payoffs can even be lifesaving. Scientists who spent decades exploring what was in the atmosphere found that over time the concentration of carbon dioxide was rising. Without that discovery, we humans would now be living like the proverbial frog in a pot of gradually heating water, unsure why the environment around us is changing, and slowly boiling to death.
The human drive to overcome challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation. Early human submersibles that reached the bottom of the deepest ocean trenches made the trip just once, stressed by the enormous pressures there. But eventually a more stress-resistant deep–submergence vehicle, the Limiting Factor, allowed investor and undersea explorer Victor Vescovo to reach trench bottoms numerous times.
Now there are roughly 4,000 autonomous Argo floats across the world’s oceans that dive down to 2,000 feet and resurface every 10 days. Programmable vessels greatly expand our reach and reduce the risk to the people involved in exploration, allowing for the kind of discovery that the human body might limit. The Argo group will also deploy dozens of sensors every year that will gather biological and chemical data, leading to new observations about marine life.
Other institutions plan to search the seas in unison, sending data to guide ships that forward the information to researchers on shore. Ocean research groups have made it a priority to openly share their discoveries and data with the public and to inspire the next generation of young scientists. Anyone can go along for the ride — we can all be explorers. Maybe one day you’ll explore the Great Barrier Reef, the desert, or a rain-forest canopy.
Captain James T. Kirk began each episode of the original Star Trek television series by saying, “Space, the final frontier.” Not necessarily. We still have plenty to discover right here on Earth, and we eagerly await surprises from the newest worlds we find.
28. The example “proverbial frog” in Paragraph 3 is used to .
A. illustrate the significance of exploration B. stress the importance of knowledge
C. argue for the necessity of innovation D. show the impact of global warming
29. We can learn from Paragraph 4 and 5 that .
A. the human desire to overcome challenges leads to innovation
B. sea life observation is the final purpose of ocean exploration
C. the findings of ocean exploration are rather disappointing
D. new technologies push human exploration in the ocean
30. What can we infer from the passage
A. Few modern scientists are true explorers. B. The space will be human’s final frontier.
C. Exploring is an in-born human quality. D. Exploring the earth can still be fruitful.
D
Consider these facts: The tennis champion Williams sisters are a generation apart, according to the Pew Research Center. Venus, born in 1980, is labelled “Gen X”; Serena, born in 1981, is a “millennial”. Meanwhile, Donald Trump and Michelle Obama both belong to the same generation. The former was born in 1946 while the latter was born in 1964, making them both “baby boomers”.
Before you push these diverse personalities into generational stereotypes (刻板印象), let me stop you there: Just don’t. Generation labels, although widely adopted by the public, have no basis in social reality. In fact, in one recent survey, most people did not identify the correct generation for themselves, even when they were shown a list of options.
This is not surprising since the labels are forced by survey researchers, journalists or marketing firms before the identities they are supposed to describe even exist. Instead of asking people which group they identify with and why, they just declare the labels and start making pronouncements about them. That’s not how social identity works.
The practice of naming “generations” based on birth year goes back at least to the supposed “lost-generation” of the late 19th century. But as the tradition slid into a never-ending competition to be the first to propose the next name that sticks, it has produced gradually declining returns to social science and the public understanding.
The supposed boundaries between generations are no more meaningful than the names they’ve been given. There is no research identifying the appropriate boundaries between generations, and there is no statistical basis for requiring the sweeping character traits (特征) that are believed to define them. In one article you might read that millennials are “liberal lions”, “downwardly mobile”, and “distrustful”; even though they also “get along well with their parents, respect their elders and work well with colleagues”.
Ridiculous, clearly. But what’s the harm Aren’t these labels just a bit of fun for writers A method to attract readers and a way of communicating generational change, which no one would deny is a real phenomenon We, in academic social science, study and teach social change, but we don’t study and teach these labels because they simply aren’t real. And in social science, reality still matters.
Worse than irrelevant, such baseless labels drive people toward stereotyping and thoughtless character judgment. Measuring and describing social change is essential, and it can be useful to analyze the historical period in which people were born and raised, but drawing random lines between birth years and assigning names to them doesn’t help.
Today there are lots of good alternatives to label generations. We can simply describe people by the decade in which they were born and define generational groups specifically related to a particular issue—such as 2020 school kids. With the arrival of “Generation Z”, there has never been a better time to get off this train.
31. What do the facts listed in Paragraph 1 imply
A. Different people have different opinions about generation labels.
B. People with the same generation label may not be of similar age.
C. Generational change can be measured by generation labels.
D. Generation labels are widely adopted by celebrities.
32. The underlined word “sticks” in Paragraph 4 probably means ______.
A. is understood B. is analyzed C. is described D. is accepted
33. According to the passage, the author may agree that ______.
A. the generation label is a harmless device writers use to reflect reality
B. generation boundaries are more meaningful than generation labels
C. assigning character traits to a certain generation is misguided
D. journalists should find alternative ways to judge character
34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Generation labels: It’s high time to retire them
B. Generation labels: The ongoing debate will never end
C. Generation labels: What do they say about who we are
D. Generation labels: Expand or bridge generational differences
第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.
Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. ____35____ They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem.
_____36_____ when we learn to problem solve for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. _____37_____ This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.
When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. ____38____ Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time.
And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help. ____39____
A. You also learn what you’re good at.
B. Here is how you can be more resourceful.
C. These may be practical things like pens and paper.
D. No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves.
E. Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.
F. They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.
G. Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.
第三部分：单词拼写(请用一、二单元学过的单词完成，共5分)
40. Teachers should not judge a student depending on personal p________.(根据首字母单词拼写)
41. Hearing the alarm, she d________ herself out of bed, still half asleep(根据首字母单词拼写)
42. They bought a big house in their hometown to make sure their parents could live ________(舒服地) there.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
43. Despite many i________ to his feet in his career, Liu Xiang always remained determined and focused. (根据首字母单词拼写)
44. When you are having an interview, c________ the interviewers of your enthusiasm for the job will be of benefit to you. (根据首字母单词拼写)
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，27分)
第一节 阅读表达(共4小题，第45、46小题各2分，第47小题3分，第48小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Quiet the Complainer
For years, Jane Booth’s mother made lengthy airing of complaints. It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. It turned out that Jane’s intervention not only helped her mother-it also helped their relationship.
You may not be as direct as Jane was to her mother, but there are other ways to get a constant complainer to end. To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact. Sometimes, complaining can change an unfavorable situation into a more desirable one. Other times, it can foster new relationships with people we don’t know well.
The problems start when complaining becomes the default mode（默认模式）“When we have a need to be heard, we repeat ourselves,” says Dian Killian, a life coach, “the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight resolution isn’t their aim.”
So, how do you quiet a constant complainer, for the sake of your health and his？
Change the subject. Some complainers will switch gears if you shift the conversation in a direction that interests them.
Summarize the complaint. If your complainer keeps repeating himself, he may stop if you demonstrate that you’re listening.
Challenge the person to act. When a constant complainer tells you about his latest problem, ask nicely what he’s done to improve it.
Be honest. When you have things to do, tell the complainer that you must cut the conversation short-especially if it’s someone who’s complained to you many times before.
When someone stresses you out with lots of negativity, it’s important to talk about the problem. Otherwise, if you bottle up your feelings and continue listening to repeated complaints, you may grow annoyed or start avoiding the person.
Remember: Quieting a constant complainer can be beneficial to both of you.
45. What did Jane Booth do to stop her mother complaining
_______________________________________________________________
46. According to Paragraph 2, what are the misbeliefs about complaining
_______________________________________________________________
47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
_______________________________________________________________
48. Your friend has been constantly complaining about almost everything in life. What would you do to help him （about 40 words）
_______________________________________________________________
第二节 写作(共15分)
49. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你正在组建关于人生规划的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你班外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任你们的导师。内容包括：
1.介绍研究的具体内容和意义；
2.说明邀请原因。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：研究性学习research-based learning
人生规划life planning
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，共25分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题：每小题1分，共10分)
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者小的时候，祖父总给他讲故事，直到祖父去世感悟到故事消失的很快，于是创立了Story Tree，代写故事服务，帮助人们保存回忆。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到他去世后，我才意识到他的故事消失得有多快。A. doubted怀疑；B. imagined想象；C. realized意识到；D. counted数数。根据上文“When I was little, I’d play chess with my grandfather, and he’d smoke his cigar while telling me stories about growing up, pursuing dreams, and travelling around the world.”和下文的yet可知前后是转折关系，因为祖父从小就一直在给我讲故事，所以是直到他去世后，我才意识到他的故事消失得有多快，故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我意识到保存记忆的重要性，这最终改变了我以前对记住我们所爱的人和我们分享的故事的看法。A. hobbies爱好；B. relationships关系；C. evidences证据；D. memories记忆。根据下文“which ultimately changed my previous outlook on remembering our loved ones and the stories we share.”可知这里是说保存记忆的重要性，故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们帮助塑造我们，提供我们成长的标志。 A. shape塑造；B. confirm确认；C. present提出；D. perfect使完善。根据下文“providing markers of our growth.”可知它们帮助塑造我们，让我们成长，故选A。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信在某种程度上，我们都对自己的祖先感到好奇，但我们可能会知道该问什么问题。 A. certain肯定的；B. curious好奇的；C. cautious小心的；D. confused困惑的。根据下文“but we can be stuck on knowing what questions to ask.”可知前后是转折关系，所以我们应该是对祖先好奇，但是实际上我们可能知道我们要问什么问题，故选B。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：心中充满遗憾，但有了新目标，我开始思考如何帮助别人为他们所爱的人记录下珍贵的回忆，以免为时过晚。A. business生意；B. relief宽慰；C. purpose目标；D. talent天赋。根据上文“so I began matching ghostwriters (代笔者) with clients to help them write a book. Then, Story Tree, a memoir-writing service,was ____7____.”可知这是新发现的目标，去帮助别人记录回忆，故选C。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着自由职业者平台成为主流，我发现世界各地都有很多高素质的作家，所以我开始为客户撮合代笔作家，帮助他们写书。 A. available可用的；B. accessible可使用的；C. admirable令人钦佩的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据上文“As freelancer (自由职业者) platforms became mainstream,”可知，随着自由职业者平台成为主流，我发现世界各地有很多可用的高素质作家，故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，回忆录写作服务“故事树”诞生了。A. approved赞成；B. found发现；C. updated更新；D. born产生，出生。根据上文“so I began matching ghostwriters (代笔者) with clients to help them write a book. Then, Story Tree, a memoir-writing service,was ____7____.”可知是这种服务诞生了，故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那时起，我们探索了故事的力量，探索了它们将我们与过去联系起来同时理解现在的能力。A. catch up with赶上；B. put up with提出；C. make sense of搞清楚；弄懂；理解；D. take advantage of利用。根据上文“connect us with our past”和下文“a deeper sense of cultures and traditions”可知，此处指将我们与过去联系起来，同时理解现在的能力，故选C。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有文献表明，更多地了解一个人的家族史与促进情绪健康、增加同情心和更深入地了解文化和传统有关。A. risking冒险；B. boosting促进；C. assessing评估；D. monitoring监控。根据下文“increasing compassion and providing a deeper sense of cultures and traditions.”可知前后是并列关系，都是说的好处，所以用促进符合句意，故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，家庭是将这些联系在一起的纽带。A. family家庭；B. community社区；C. culture文化；D. history历史。根据上文“Among all the heritage stories at Story Tree, family is a dominant theme.”以及上下文语境可知是family的词汇复现，故选A。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
【答案】11. preparing
12. to 13. had written
14. mistakes
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过自己在英国一所大学的学习经历讲述了英国人有很高的标准。
【11题详解】
考查动名词。句意：我花了几天时间准备我的第一篇英语论文。固定搭配spend…(in) doing sth.（花……干某事），用动名词（doing）形式作宾语。故填preparing。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：我知道我做得很好，并期待着得到积极的评价。固定搭配look forward to doing sth.（期待干某事），用介词to。故填to。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：当我把试卷拿回来时，我发现我的老师写了一句话：“不错”。此处为宾语从句谓语，主句谓语found是一般过去时，从句谓语动词write发生在主句谓语found之前，即“过去的过去”，时态用过去完成时（had done）。故填had written。
【14题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：但我的论文没有任何错误。mistake是可数名词，此处作句子主语，由were可知用其复数形式。故填mistakes。
【答案】15. fairly
16. which 17. was opened
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍在英国伦敦建造的最早的地铁。
【15题详解】
考查副词。句意：蒸汽机是用来拉车厢的，因为烟雾和噪音，对乘客来说肯定很不舒服。根据所给单词，分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词unpleasant，fair的副词是fairly。故填fairly。
【16题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：后来的工程师们设法在一个深隧道系统中建造铁路，这就是众所周知的地铁。此处railways是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，由关系代词which引导。故填which。
【17题详解】
考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：伦敦中央铁路是这些新线路中最成功的一条，于1990年开通。根据in 1990可知，该句在描述过去发生的事请，且句子主语The Central London Railway是第三人称单数形式，和谓语动词open之间是被动关系，是一般过去时的被动语态。故填was opened。
【答案】18. To look
19. weighs 20. collected
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种蚂蚁的生活习性。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了寻找树叶，较大的蚂蚁通常成群外出。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语中的动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”寻找树叶，又因为位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填 To look。
【19题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：这些蚂蚁能搬动比自己重20倍的树叶。结合句意，分析句子可知，提示词weigh表示“重……；有……重”，是that引导的定语从句中谓语动词，先行词a leaf是单数名词，是从句中作主语，所以从句谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。故填 weighs。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：蚂蚁采集的叶子不是用来吃的。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语作后置定语，因为所给提示词collect与其逻辑主语The leaves 之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作后置定语。故填 collected。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题：每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. (为期4周的学习冲刺是一个虚拟学习计划，将于2023年11月进行。这些会议可以现场观看，也可以在IOC频道播出后观看)”可知，在为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将参加虚拟学习课程。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader. (在成功完成为期4周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目计划，如果您被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与其中)”可知，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，需要做一个以运动为基础的项目。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Requirements for the Applicants部分中“You have at least one year of work experience. (你至少有一年的工作经验)”可知，对申请人的要求是至少一年工作经验。故选B。
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. (一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“ Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“Youth for Nature”和“Youth for Plane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知，是Grant Brown让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故选A项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了探索是科学最基本的形式——提出自然世界的问题，我们希望用这些问题的答案来改善地球上的一切。文章论述了探索地球的重要作用和意义。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Exploration has great value. It inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a better future. And the practical payoffs can even be lifesaving. Scientists who spent decades exploring what was in the atmosphere found that over time the concentration of carbon dioxide was rising. Without that discovery, we humans would now be living like the proverbial frog in a pot of gradually heating water, unsure why the environment around us is changing, and slowly boiling to death.(探索有很大的价值。它激励我们，扩大我们的知识，给我们一个更好的未来的希望。而实际的回报甚至可以挽救生命。科学家们花了几十年的时间探索大气中的物质，发现随着时间的推移，二氧化碳的浓度在上升。如果没有这一发现，我们人类现在就会像谚语所说的青蛙一样生活在逐渐加热的锅里，不确定我们周围的环境为什么会发生变化，然后慢慢地沸腾而死)”可推知，第三段中的“谚语青蛙”的例子用来说明探索的重要性。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The human drive to overcome challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation. Early human submersibles that reached the bottom of the deepest ocean trenches made the trip just once, stressed by the enormous pressures there. But eventually a more stress-resistant deep-submergence vehicle, the Limiting Factor, allowed investor and undersea explorer Victor Vescovo to reach trench bottoms numerous times.(人类克服挑战的动力是人类探索动力的一个重要方面，在大多数情况下，探索动力会刺激创新。早期的人类潜水器到达最深的海沟底部，在巨大的压力下只进行了一次。但最终，一种更耐压力的深海潜水器——“限制因子”，让投资者和海底探险家维克多·维斯科沃得以多次到达海沟底部)”可知，人类克服挑战的欲望导致了创新。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Exploration has great value. It inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a better future. And the practical payoffs can even be lifesaving.(探索有很大的价值。它激励我们，扩大我们的知识，给我们一个更好的未来的希望。而实际的回报甚至可以挽救生命)”；第四段中“The human drive to overcome challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation.(人类克服挑战的动力是人类探索动力的一个重要方面，在大多数情况下，探索动力会刺激创新)”以及最后一段中“We still have plenty to discover right here on Earth, and we eagerly await surprises from the newest worlds we find. (我们在地球上还有很多东西要发现，我们热切地等待着来自我们发现的最新世界的惊喜)”可推知，探索地球仍然是富有成效的。故选D。
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了代际标签的制定，说明代际标签具有不可靠性，给一代人贴标签，有很多好的替代选择。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Meanwhile, Donald Trump and Michelle Obama both belong to the same generation. The former was born in 1946 while the latter was born in 1964, making them both “baby boomers”.”（同时，唐纳德·特朗普和米歇尔·奥巴马都属于同一代人。前者出生于1946年，而后者出生于1964年，他们都属于“婴儿潮一代”。）可知，具有同一代标签的人可能年龄不同。故选B项。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“But as the tradition slid into a never-ending competition to be the first to propose the next name”（但是，随着这一传统滑向一场无休止的要成为第一个提出下一个名字的竞争，）以及“it has produced gradually declining returns to social science and the public understanding.”（社会科学和公众理解的回报率逐渐下降。）可知，句中the next name指的是为下一代取的名字，即可以被接受的一个名字，推测划线单词表示“接受”，与is accepted同义。故选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Before you push these diverse personalities into generational stereotypes (刻板印象), let me stop you there: Just don’t.”（在你将这些不同的性格推入代际刻板印象之前，让我在这里阻止你：不要这样做。）以及第六段“We, in academic social science, study and teach social change, but we don’t study and teach these labels because they simply aren’t real. And in social science, reality still matters.”（在学术社会科学中，我们研究和教授社会变革，但我们不研究和教授这些标签，因为它们根本不是真实的。在社会科学中，现实仍然很重要。）可知，作者不同意将不同的性格推入代际刻板印象，认为代际标签是不真实的，可能同意将性格特征分配给某一代是错误的。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要说明了代际标签的制定以及一些代际标签制定的发展，说明了代际标签具有不可靠性，给一代人贴标签，有很多好的替代选择，所以“时代标签：是时候让它们退役了”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，共10分)
【答案】35. F 36. E 37. A 38. G 39. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法，要足智多谋，随机应变。
【35题详解】
根据前句“Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. (足智多谋意味着找到聪明和创造性的方法来解决问题，利用你当时拥有的任何资源。)”和后句“They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. (它们也可以是任何有用的东西，比如信息、建议或你自己的经历。)”中的also可知，空处和下文为并列关系，也是在列举可以利用的资源可能是什么。所以选择项F“These may be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on. (这些可能是著名的座右铭，总是激励我们继续前进。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
【36题详解】
挖空处在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。而后面“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”主要说的是“being resourceful”带来的好处， E选项意思就是resourcefulness 能带来很多好处。故选E。
【37题详解】
该段首句说的是“being resourceful”会对你有好处，前面两句“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(...它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”具体列举了“being resourceful”带来的好处，A选项：你还能知道你所擅长的是什么，对自己更加了解，也契合下一句“This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.这能提高自尊心。这是又一个好处，A项最符合语境。故选A。
【38题详解】
该段在讨论遇到困难时，要专注于问题本身，并列出了具体的步骤。上一句“Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can.(接下来，想出尽可能多的方法来解决问题)”讲的是“尽可能多地想出一些解决措施”，G选项：然后衡量它们的好坏，选出最佳的一个，其中them指代上一句solutions，G项填到此处最合适。故选G。
【39题详解】
上一句“And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.(记住，如果你有一个棘手的问题，你无法解决，然后向一个值得信任的成年人寻求帮助)”表示自己实在解决不了，你还可以求助其他人，D选项意为“没有人是被期望要独自解决所有问题的”，与上文意义一致。故填D。
第三部分：单词拼写(请用一、二单元学过的单词完成，共5分)
40. 【答案】prejudice##rejudice
【详解】考查名词。句意：教师不应该根据个人偏见来评判学生。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词prejudice“偏见”，作介词宾语，不可数。故填prejudice。
41. 【答案】dragged##ragged
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：听到警报，她挣扎着起床，仍然半睡半醒。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词drag，drag oneself out of bed 意为“挣扎着起床”。结合句意可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，故用过去式dragged，作谓语。故答案为dragged。
42. 【答案】comfortably
【详解】考查副词。句意：他们在家乡买了一所大房子，以确保他们的父母可以在那里舒适地生活。“舒服地”为副词comfortably，作状语，修饰动词live，故填comfortably。
43. 【答案】injuries##njuries
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管在他的职业生涯中脚上多次受伤，刘翔始终保持着坚定和专注。根据空白处下文“to his feet in his career(在他的职业生涯中脚上有……)”并结合常识可知，空白处应填表示“损伤”含义的名词，根据首字母提示，以i开头且含义为“损伤”的名词为：injury，根据空白处前面的代词many可知空白处应填复数名词。故填injuries。
44. 【答案】conveying##onveying
【详解】考查动词。句意：当你在面试时，向面试官表达你对工作的热情将对你有益。根据单词首字母和句意“传达，表达”以及句子结构可知，此处应用动词convey，作主语，应用动名词。故填conveying。
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，27分)
第一节 阅读表达(共4小题，第45、46小题各2分，第47小题3分，第48小题5分，共12分)
【答案】45. Jane Booth spoke up to her mother and helped her realize how often she complained to stop her from making lengthy complaints .
46. The misbeliefs about complaining are that only negative people complain and that complaining always has a negative impact.
plaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
48. I would first listen to my friend's complaints and show empathy, but then I would try to shift the conversation in a direction that interests them and challenge them to take action on their problems.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何安静一个经常抱怨的人，并纠正了人们对抱怨的误解。抱怨并不总是负面的，有时可以改变不利情况，甚至是建立新关系，但经常抱怨会使情况更加糟糕，因为这些人从得到关注中获得满足感，解决问题并不是他们的目标。对于与经常抱怨的人交往，可以通过转移话题，重申抱怨的内容，鼓励他采取行动，并诚实地告诉他必须结束对话来处理好关系。
【45题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. It turned out that Jane’s intervention not only helped her mother-it also helped their relationship.(事情变得如此糟糕，简觉得这破坏了他们相处的质量，所以她终于说了出来，帮助她母亲意识到她经常抱怨。事实证明，简的干预不仅帮助了她的母亲，也帮助了他们的关系。)”可知，Jane Booth向母亲直言不讳说出了母亲经常抱怨，破坏了他们相处的质量，由此母亲意识到自己的抱怨。故答案为Jane Booth spoke up to her mother and helped her realize how often she complained to stop her from making lengthy complaints .
【46题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“In fact, even the kindest most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact. Sometimes, complaining can change an unfavorable situation into a more desirable one. (事实上，即使是最善良最体贴的人也会抱怨。抱怨并不总是有负面影响。有时候，抱怨可以把一个不利的情况变成一个更可取的情况。)”可知，人们对抱怨的误解在于只有消极的人才会抱怨，抱怨总是有消极的影响。故答案为The misbeliefs about complaining are that only negative people complain and that complaining always has a negative impact.
【47题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight resolution isn’t their aim.(经常抱怨的人的满足感来自于被关注，所以他们对任何解决问题的建议都不满意，他们强调解决问题不是他们的目标。)”可知，就经常抱怨的人来说，强调解决问题的任何建议都不是他们所追求的目标，而经常抱怨的人的满足来自于被关注，让抱怨的人所说的话得到关注是寻求解决问题的一种方式。故题干中的原句“Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.(经常抱怨是人们寻求建议解决问题的一种方式。)”表述与原文不符，原文表达的信息是经常抱怨的人不是为了寻求建议解决问题，而是为了得到关注。故答案为Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
【48题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段“Change the subject.(改变话题。)”第六段“Summarize the complaint.(总结投诉。)”第七段“Challenge the person to act.(挑战那个人去行动。)”第八段“Be honest.(要诚实。)”第九段“it’s important to talk about the problem.(谈论这个问题是很重要的。)”以及最后一段“Remember: Quieting a constant complainer can be beneficial to both of you.(记住：让老是抱怨的人安静下来对你们俩都有好处。)”可以根据文章中给出的方法来劝导朋友，言之有理即可。此处给出参考答案即我会先倾听朋友的抱怨，表现出同情，然后试着把谈话转移到他们感兴趣的方向，并挑战他们采取行动解决他们的问题。故答案为I would first listen to my friend's complaints and show empathy, but then I would try to shift the conversation in a direction that interests them and challenge them to take action on their problems.
第二节 写作(共15分)
49. 【答案】Dear Jim,
I am currently forming a research-based learning group on life planning. The purpose of our research is to explore the significance of life planning and how it can help us achieve our goals. I believe that your expertise and experience would be valuable to our group, and we would be honored if you could join us as our mentor. Your guidance will not only enhance our understanding of life planning but also inspire us to pursue our dreams with confidence.
Thank you for considering our invitation. We look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你正在组建关于人生规划的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你班外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任你们的导师。内容包括：1.介绍研究的具体内容和意义；2.说明邀请原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
组织：form→organize
重要性：significance→importance
提高：enhance→boost
追求：pursue →go after
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am currently forming a research-based learning group on life planning.
拓展句：I am currently forming a research-based learning group, which is on life planning.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We look forward to hearing from you soon. (运用了动名词作宾语)
[高分句型2] I believe that your expertise and experience would be valuable to our group, and we would be honored if you could join us as our mentor. (运用了that引导的宾语从句及if引导的条件状语从句)
英 语
命题：高二英语备课组
(考试时间：100分钟，试卷满分：95分)
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，共25分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题：每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
When I was little, I’d play chess with my grandfather, and he’d smoke his cigar while telling me stories about growing up, pursuing dreams, and travelling around the world. Yet it was only after he passed away that I ____1____ how fast his stories had faded away.
Hence the importance of preserving ____2____ dawned on me, which ultimately changed my previous outlook on remembering our loved ones and the stories we share.
All too often, we take for granted the value that our family histories and personal experiences have had in our lives. They help to ____3____ who we are, providing markers of our growth. I believe to some degree we are all naturally ____4____ about our ancestry, but we can be stuck on knowing what questions to ask.
Full of regrets but armed with a newfound ____5____, I thought about solutions to help other people record the precious memories for those they love—before it’s too late. As freelancer (自由职业者) platforms became mainstream, I discovered many highly qualified writers were ____6____ around the world, so I began matching ghostwriters (代笔者) with clients to help them write a book. Then, Story Tree, a memoir-writing service, was ____7____.
Since then, we have explored the power of stories and their ability to connect us with our past and ____8____ the present. It has been documented that learning more about one’s family history has been linked to ____9____ emotional health, increasing compassion and providing a deeper sense of cultures and traditions.
Among all the heritage stories at Story Tree, family is a dominant theme. Other common themes are love, enterprising spirit, overcoming difficulty, and settling in new surroundings. However, _____10_____ is a thread that always ties these together.
1. A. doubted B. imagined C. realized D. counted
2. A. hobbies B. relationships C. evidences D. memories
3. A. shape B. confirm C. present D. perfect
4. A. certain B. curious C. cautious D. confused
5. A. business B. relief C. purpose D. talent
6. A. available B. accessible C. admirable D. acceptable
7. A. approved B. found C. updated D. born
8. A. catch up with B. put up with C. make sense of D. take advantage of
9. A. risking B. boosting C. assessing D. monitoring
10. A. family B. community C. culture D. history
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The British must have really high standards. I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China. I had spent days in ___11___ (prepare) for my first English paper. I knew I did a good job and was looking forward ___12___ getting a positive comment. When I got the paper back, I found that my teacher ___13___ (write) the comment “Not bad!” Not bad But there weren’t any ___14___ (mistake) in my paper.
B
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ___15___(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day. Later engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels, ___16___ became known as the tube. The Central London Railway, one of the most successful of these new lines, ___17___(open) in 1990.
C
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Leaf-cutter ants are interesting. ____18____(look) for leaves, the larger ants usually go out in groups. They bite of bits of leaves and carry them back. Watching these ants march in single file, carrying leaves, is quite a sight. These ants can carry a leaf that ____19____ (weigh) 20 times more than they do. The leaves ____20____ (collect) by the ants are not for eating. They are brought back so fungus(真菌) can grow on them. The fungus is the food for the ants.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题：每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.
To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.
Requirements for the Applicants
You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.
You have completed your high school studies.
You have at least one year of work experience.
You have strong public speaking skills.
You are self-motivated and committed.
You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.
You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.
21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme
C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project
22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.
A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel
C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers
23. Which is a requirement for the applicants
A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.
C. Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.
B
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
24. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.
A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
C
Next Frontiers
Schoolbooks typically present explorers as intrepid (勇敢的) individuals who, for example, sail wooden ships to new lands. But today most explorers who are making fundamental discoveries are scientists. And whether the frontiers are tiny, like the human genome, or massive, like our deepest oceans, we still have much left to learn about planet Earth. The quests that modern scientists pursue rival (比得上) anything in a history book or an adventure novel.
Exploration is science in its most basic form — asking questions of the natural world and, we hope, using the answers for the betterment of everything on Earth.
Exploration has great value. It inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a better future. And the practical payoffs can even be lifesaving. Scientists who spent decades exploring what was in the atmosphere found that over time the concentration of carbon dioxide was rising. Without that discovery, we humans would now be living like the proverbial frog in a pot of gradually heating water, unsure why the environment around us is changing, and slowly boiling to death.
The human drive to overcome challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation. Early human submersibles that reached the bottom of the deepest ocean trenches made the trip just once, stressed by the enormous pressures there. But eventually a more stress-resistant deep–submergence vehicle, the Limiting Factor, allowed investor and undersea explorer Victor Vescovo to reach trench bottoms numerous times.
Now there are roughly 4,000 autonomous Argo floats across the world’s oceans that dive down to 2,000 feet and resurface every 10 days. Programmable vessels greatly expand our reach and reduce the risk to the people involved in exploration, allowing for the kind of discovery that the human body might limit. The Argo group will also deploy dozens of sensors every year that will gather biological and chemical data, leading to new observations about marine life.
Other institutions plan to search the seas in unison, sending data to guide ships that forward the information to researchers on shore. Ocean research groups have made it a priority to openly share their discoveries and data with the public and to inspire the next generation of young scientists. Anyone can go along for the ride — we can all be explorers. Maybe one day you’ll explore the Great Barrier Reef, the desert, or a rain-forest canopy.
Captain James T. Kirk began each episode of the original Star Trek television series by saying, “Space, the final frontier.” Not necessarily. We still have plenty to discover right here on Earth, and we eagerly await surprises from the newest worlds we find.
28. The example “proverbial frog” in Paragraph 3 is used to .
A. illustrate the significance of exploration B. stress the importance of knowledge
C. argue for the necessity of innovation D. show the impact of global warming
29. We can learn from Paragraph 4 and 5 that .
A. the human desire to overcome challenges leads to innovation
B. sea life observation is the final purpose of ocean exploration
C. the findings of ocean exploration are rather disappointing
D. new technologies push human exploration in the ocean
30. What can we infer from the passage
A. Few modern scientists are true explorers. B. The space will be human’s final frontier.
C. Exploring is an in-born human quality. D. Exploring the earth can still be fruitful.
D
Consider these facts: The tennis champion Williams sisters are a generation apart, according to the Pew Research Center. Venus, born in 1980, is labelled “Gen X”; Serena, born in 1981, is a “millennial”. Meanwhile, Donald Trump and Michelle Obama both belong to the same generation. The former was born in 1946 while the latter was born in 1964, making them both “baby boomers”.
Before you push these diverse personalities into generational stereotypes (刻板印象), let me stop you there: Just don’t. Generation labels, although widely adopted by the public, have no basis in social reality. In fact, in one recent survey, most people did not identify the correct generation for themselves, even when they were shown a list of options.
This is not surprising since the labels are forced by survey researchers, journalists or marketing firms before the identities they are supposed to describe even exist. Instead of asking people which group they identify with and why, they just declare the labels and start making pronouncements about them. That’s not how social identity works.
The practice of naming “generations” based on birth year goes back at least to the supposed “lost-generation” of the late 19th century. But as the tradition slid into a never-ending competition to be the first to propose the next name that sticks, it has produced gradually declining returns to social science and the public understanding.
The supposed boundaries between generations are no more meaningful than the names they’ve been given. There is no research identifying the appropriate boundaries between generations, and there is no statistical basis for requiring the sweeping character traits (特征) that are believed to define them. In one article you might read that millennials are “liberal lions”, “downwardly mobile”, and “distrustful”; even though they also “get along well with their parents, respect their elders and work well with colleagues”.
Ridiculous, clearly. But what’s the harm Aren’t these labels just a bit of fun for writers A method to attract readers and a way of communicating generational change, which no one would deny is a real phenomenon We, in academic social science, study and teach social change, but we don’t study and teach these labels because they simply aren’t real. And in social science, reality still matters.
Worse than irrelevant, such baseless labels drive people toward stereotyping and thoughtless character judgment. Measuring and describing social change is essential, and it can be useful to analyze the historical period in which people were born and raised, but drawing random lines between birth years and assigning names to them doesn’t help.
Today there are lots of good alternatives to label generations. We can simply describe people by the decade in which they were born and define generational groups specifically related to a particular issue—such as 2020 school kids. With the arrival of “Generation Z”, there has never been a better time to get off this train.
31. What do the facts listed in Paragraph 1 imply
A. Different people have different opinions about generation labels.
B. People with the same generation label may not be of similar age.
C. Generational change can be measured by generation labels.
D. Generation labels are widely adopted by celebrities.
32. The underlined word “sticks” in Paragraph 4 probably means ______.
A. is understood B. is analyzed C. is described D. is accepted
33. According to the passage, the author may agree that ______.
A. the generation label is a harmless device writers use to reflect reality
B. generation boundaries are more meaningful than generation labels
C. assigning character traits to a certain generation is misguided
D. journalists should find alternative ways to judge character
34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Generation labels: It’s high time to retire them
B. Generation labels: The ongoing debate will never end
C. Generation labels: What do they say about who we are
D. Generation labels: Expand or bridge generational differences
第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.
Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. ____35____ They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem.
_____36_____ when we learn to problem solve for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. _____37_____ This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.
When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. ____38____ Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time.
And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help. ____39____
A. You also learn what you’re good at.
B. Here is how you can be more resourceful.
C. These may be practical things like pens and paper.
D. No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves.
E. Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.
F. They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.
G. Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.
第三部分：单词拼写(请用一、二单元学过的单词完成，共5分)
40. Teachers should not judge a student depending on personal p________.(根据首字母单词拼写)
41. Hearing the alarm, she d________ herself out of bed, still half asleep(根据首字母单词拼写)
42. They bought a big house in their hometown to make sure their parents could live ________(舒服地) there.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
43. Despite many i________ to his feet in his career, Liu Xiang always remained determined and focused. (根据首字母单词拼写)
44. When you are having an interview, c________ the interviewers of your enthusiasm for the job will be of benefit to you. (根据首字母单词拼写)
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，27分)
第一节 阅读表达(共4小题，第45、46小题各2分，第47小题3分，第48小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Quiet the Complainer
For years, Jane Booth’s mother made lengthy airing of complaints. It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. It turned out that Jane’s intervention not only helped her mother-it also helped their relationship.
You may not be as direct as Jane was to her mother, but there are other ways to get a constant complainer to end. To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact. Sometimes, complaining can change an unfavorable situation into a more desirable one. Other times, it can foster new relationships with people we don’t know well.
The problems start when complaining becomes the default mode（默认模式）“When we have a need to be heard, we repeat ourselves,” says Dian Killian, a life coach, “the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight resolution isn’t their aim.”
So, how do you quiet a constant complainer, for the sake of your health and his？
Change the subject. Some complainers will switch gears if you shift the conversation in a direction that interests them.
Summarize the complaint. If your complainer keeps repeating himself, he may stop if you demonstrate that you’re listening.
Challenge the person to act. When a constant complainer tells you about his latest problem, ask nicely what he’s done to improve it.
Be honest. When you have things to do, tell the complainer that you must cut the conversation short-especially if it’s someone who’s complained to you many times before.
When someone stresses you out with lots of negativity, it’s important to talk about the problem. Otherwise, if you bottle up your feelings and continue listening to repeated complaints, you may grow annoyed or start avoiding the person.
Remember: Quieting a constant complainer can be beneficial to both of you.
45. What did Jane Booth do to stop her mother complaining
_______________________________________________________________
46. According to Paragraph 2, what are the misbeliefs about complaining
_______________________________________________________________
47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
_______________________________________________________________
48. Your friend has been constantly complaining about almost everything in life. What would you do to help him （about 40 words）
_______________________________________________________________
第二节 写作(共15分)
49. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你正在组建关于人生规划的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你班外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任你们的导师。内容包括：
1.介绍研究的具体内容和意义；
2.说明邀请原因。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：研究性学习research-based learning
人生规划life planning
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，共25分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题：每小题1分，共10分)
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者小的时候，祖父总给他讲故事，直到祖父去世感悟到故事消失的很快，于是创立了Story Tree，代写故事服务，帮助人们保存回忆。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到他去世后，我才意识到他的故事消失得有多快。A. doubted怀疑；B. imagined想象；C. realized意识到；D. counted数数。根据上文“When I was little, I’d play chess with my grandfather, and he’d smoke his cigar while telling me stories about growing up, pursuing dreams, and travelling around the world.”和下文的yet可知前后是转折关系，因为祖父从小就一直在给我讲故事，所以是直到他去世后，我才意识到他的故事消失得有多快，故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我意识到保存记忆的重要性，这最终改变了我以前对记住我们所爱的人和我们分享的故事的看法。A. hobbies爱好；B. relationships关系；C. evidences证据；D. memories记忆。根据下文“which ultimately changed my previous outlook on remembering our loved ones and the stories we share.”可知这里是说保存记忆的重要性，故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们帮助塑造我们，提供我们成长的标志。 A. shape塑造；B. confirm确认；C. present提出；D. perfect使完善。根据下文“providing markers of our growth.”可知它们帮助塑造我们，让我们成长，故选A。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信在某种程度上，我们都对自己的祖先感到好奇，但我们可能会知道该问什么问题。 A. certain肯定的；B. curious好奇的；C. cautious小心的；D. confused困惑的。根据下文“but we can be stuck on knowing what questions to ask.”可知前后是转折关系，所以我们应该是对祖先好奇，但是实际上我们可能知道我们要问什么问题，故选B。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：心中充满遗憾，但有了新目标，我开始思考如何帮助别人为他们所爱的人记录下珍贵的回忆，以免为时过晚。A. business生意；B. relief宽慰；C. purpose目标；D. talent天赋。根据上文“so I began matching ghostwriters (代笔者) with clients to help them write a book. Then, Story Tree, a memoir-writing service,was ____7____.”可知这是新发现的目标，去帮助别人记录回忆，故选C。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着自由职业者平台成为主流，我发现世界各地都有很多高素质的作家，所以我开始为客户撮合代笔作家，帮助他们写书。 A. available可用的；B. accessible可使用的；C. admirable令人钦佩的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据上文“As freelancer (自由职业者) platforms became mainstream,”可知，随着自由职业者平台成为主流，我发现世界各地有很多可用的高素质作家，故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，回忆录写作服务“故事树”诞生了。A. approved赞成；B. found发现；C. updated更新；D. born产生，出生。根据上文“so I began matching ghostwriters (代笔者) with clients to help them write a book. Then, Story Tree, a memoir-writing service,was ____7____.”可知是这种服务诞生了，故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那时起，我们探索了故事的力量，探索了它们将我们与过去联系起来同时理解现在的能力。A. catch up with赶上；B. put up with提出；C. make sense of搞清楚；弄懂；理解；D. take advantage of利用。根据上文“connect us with our past”和下文“a deeper sense of cultures and traditions”可知，此处指将我们与过去联系起来，同时理解现在的能力，故选C。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有文献表明，更多地了解一个人的家族史与促进情绪健康、增加同情心和更深入地了解文化和传统有关。A. risking冒险；B. boosting促进；C. assessing评估；D. monitoring监控。根据下文“increasing compassion and providing a deeper sense of cultures and traditions.”可知前后是并列关系，都是说的好处，所以用促进符合句意，故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，家庭是将这些联系在一起的纽带。A. family家庭；B. community社区；C. culture文化；D. history历史。根据上文“Among all the heritage stories at Story Tree, family is a dominant theme.”以及上下文语境可知是family的词汇复现，故选A。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
【答案】11. preparing
12. to 13. had written
14. mistakes
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过自己在英国一所大学的学习经历讲述了英国人有很高的标准。
【11题详解】
考查动名词。句意：我花了几天时间准备我的第一篇英语论文。固定搭配spend…(in) doing sth.（花……干某事），用动名词（doing）形式作宾语。故填preparing。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：我知道我做得很好，并期待着得到积极的评价。固定搭配look forward to doing sth.（期待干某事），用介词to。故填to。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：当我把试卷拿回来时，我发现我的老师写了一句话：“不错”。此处为宾语从句谓语，主句谓语found是一般过去时，从句谓语动词write发生在主句谓语found之前，即“过去的过去”，时态用过去完成时（had done）。故填had written。
【14题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：但我的论文没有任何错误。mistake是可数名词，此处作句子主语，由were可知用其复数形式。故填mistakes。
【答案】15. fairly
16. which 17. was opened
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍在英国伦敦建造的最早的地铁。
【15题详解】
考查副词。句意：蒸汽机是用来拉车厢的，因为烟雾和噪音，对乘客来说肯定很不舒服。根据所给单词，分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词unpleasant，fair的副词是fairly。故填fairly。
【16题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：后来的工程师们设法在一个深隧道系统中建造铁路，这就是众所周知的地铁。此处railways是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，由关系代词which引导。故填which。
【17题详解】
考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：伦敦中央铁路是这些新线路中最成功的一条，于1990年开通。根据in 1990可知，该句在描述过去发生的事请，且句子主语The Central London Railway是第三人称单数形式，和谓语动词open之间是被动关系，是一般过去时的被动语态。故填was opened。
【答案】18. To look
19. weighs 20. collected
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种蚂蚁的生活习性。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了寻找树叶，较大的蚂蚁通常成群外出。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语中的动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”寻找树叶，又因为位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填 To look。
【19题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：这些蚂蚁能搬动比自己重20倍的树叶。结合句意，分析句子可知，提示词weigh表示“重……；有……重”，是that引导的定语从句中谓语动词，先行词a leaf是单数名词，是从句中作主语，所以从句谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。故填 weighs。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：蚂蚁采集的叶子不是用来吃的。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语作后置定语，因为所给提示词collect与其逻辑主语The leaves 之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作后置定语。故填 collected。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题：每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. (为期4周的学习冲刺是一个虚拟学习计划，将于2023年11月进行。这些会议可以现场观看，也可以在IOC频道播出后观看)”可知，在为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将参加虚拟学习课程。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader. (在成功完成为期4周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目计划，如果您被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与其中)”可知，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，需要做一个以运动为基础的项目。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Requirements for the Applicants部分中“You have at least one year of work experience. (你至少有一年的工作经验)”可知，对申请人的要求是至少一年工作经验。故选B。
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. (一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“ Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“Youth for Nature”和“Youth for Plane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知，是Grant Brown让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故选A项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了探索是科学最基本的形式——提出自然世界的问题，我们希望用这些问题的答案来改善地球上的一切。文章论述了探索地球的重要作用和意义。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Exploration has great value. It inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a better future. And the practical payoffs can even be lifesaving. Scientists who spent decades exploring what was in the atmosphere found that over time the concentration of carbon dioxide was rising. Without that discovery, we humans would now be living like the proverbial frog in a pot of gradually heating water, unsure why the environment around us is changing, and slowly boiling to death.(探索有很大的价值。它激励我们，扩大我们的知识，给我们一个更好的未来的希望。而实际的回报甚至可以挽救生命。科学家们花了几十年的时间探索大气中的物质，发现随着时间的推移，二氧化碳的浓度在上升。如果没有这一发现，我们人类现在就会像谚语所说的青蛙一样生活在逐渐加热的锅里，不确定我们周围的环境为什么会发生变化，然后慢慢地沸腾而死)”可推知，第三段中的“谚语青蛙”的例子用来说明探索的重要性。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The human drive to overcome challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation. Early human submersibles that reached the bottom of the deepest ocean trenches made the trip just once, stressed by the enormous pressures there. But eventually a more stress-resistant deep-submergence vehicle, the Limiting Factor, allowed investor and undersea explorer Victor Vescovo to reach trench bottoms numerous times.(人类克服挑战的动力是人类探索动力的一个重要方面，在大多数情况下，探索动力会刺激创新。早期的人类潜水器到达最深的海沟底部，在巨大的压力下只进行了一次。但最终，一种更耐压力的深海潜水器——“限制因子”，让投资者和海底探险家维克多·维斯科沃得以多次到达海沟底部)”可知，人类克服挑战的欲望导致了创新。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Exploration has great value. It inspires us, widens our knowledge and gives us hope for a better future. And the practical payoffs can even be lifesaving.(探索有很大的价值。它激励我们，扩大我们的知识，给我们一个更好的未来的希望。而实际的回报甚至可以挽救生命)”；第四段中“The human drive to overcome challenges is an essential aspect of the human drive to explore, which, in most cases, spurs innovation.(人类克服挑战的动力是人类探索动力的一个重要方面，在大多数情况下，探索动力会刺激创新)”以及最后一段中“We still have plenty to discover right here on Earth, and we eagerly await surprises from the newest worlds we find. (我们在地球上还有很多东西要发现，我们热切地等待着来自我们发现的最新世界的惊喜)”可推知，探索地球仍然是富有成效的。故选D。
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了代际标签的制定，说明代际标签具有不可靠性，给一代人贴标签，有很多好的替代选择。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Meanwhile, Donald Trump and Michelle Obama both belong to the same generation. The former was born in 1946 while the latter was born in 1964, making them both “baby boomers”.”（同时，唐纳德·特朗普和米歇尔·奥巴马都属于同一代人。前者出生于1946年，而后者出生于1964年，他们都属于“婴儿潮一代”。）可知，具有同一代标签的人可能年龄不同。故选B项。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“But as the tradition slid into a never-ending competition to be the first to propose the next name”（但是，随着这一传统滑向一场无休止的要成为第一个提出下一个名字的竞争，）以及“it has produced gradually declining returns to social science and the public understanding.”（社会科学和公众理解的回报率逐渐下降。）可知，句中the next name指的是为下一代取的名字，即可以被接受的一个名字，推测划线单词表示“接受”，与is accepted同义。故选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Before you push these diverse personalities into generational stereotypes (刻板印象), let me stop you there: Just don’t.”（在你将这些不同的性格推入代际刻板印象之前，让我在这里阻止你：不要这样做。）以及第六段“We, in academic social science, study and teach social change, but we don’t study and teach these labels because they simply aren’t real. And in social science, reality still matters.”（在学术社会科学中，我们研究和教授社会变革，但我们不研究和教授这些标签，因为它们根本不是真实的。在社会科学中，现实仍然很重要。）可知，作者不同意将不同的性格推入代际刻板印象，认为代际标签是不真实的，可能同意将性格特征分配给某一代是错误的。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要说明了代际标签的制定以及一些代际标签制定的发展，说明了代际标签具有不可靠性，给一代人贴标签，有很多好的替代选择，所以“时代标签：是时候让它们退役了”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，共10分)
【答案】35. F 36. E 37. A 38. G 39. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法，要足智多谋，随机应变。
【35题详解】
根据前句“Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. (足智多谋意味着找到聪明和创造性的方法来解决问题，利用你当时拥有的任何资源。)”和后句“They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. (它们也可以是任何有用的东西，比如信息、建议或你自己的经历。)”中的also可知，空处和下文为并列关系，也是在列举可以利用的资源可能是什么。所以选择项F“These may be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on. (这些可能是著名的座右铭，总是激励我们继续前进。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
【36题详解】
挖空处在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。而后面“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”主要说的是“being resourceful”带来的好处， E选项意思就是resourcefulness 能带来很多好处。故选E。
【37题详解】
该段首句说的是“being resourceful”会对你有好处，前面两句“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(...它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”具体列举了“being resourceful”带来的好处，A选项：你还能知道你所擅长的是什么，对自己更加了解，也契合下一句“This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.这能提高自尊心。这是又一个好处，A项最符合语境。故选A。
【38题详解】
该段在讨论遇到困难时，要专注于问题本身，并列出了具体的步骤。上一句“Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can.(接下来，想出尽可能多的方法来解决问题)”讲的是“尽可能多地想出一些解决措施”，G选项：然后衡量它们的好坏，选出最佳的一个，其中them指代上一句solutions，G项填到此处最合适。故选G。
【39题详解】
上一句“And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.(记住，如果你有一个棘手的问题，你无法解决，然后向一个值得信任的成年人寻求帮助)”表示自己实在解决不了，你还可以求助其他人，D选项意为“没有人是被期望要独自解决所有问题的”，与上文意义一致。故填D。
第三部分：单词拼写(请用一、二单元学过的单词完成，共5分)
40. 【答案】prejudice##rejudice
【详解】考查名词。句意：教师不应该根据个人偏见来评判学生。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词prejudice“偏见”，作介词宾语，不可数。故填prejudice。
41. 【答案】dragged##ragged
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：听到警报，她挣扎着起床，仍然半睡半醒。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词drag，drag oneself out of bed 意为“挣扎着起床”。结合句意可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，故用过去式dragged，作谓语。故答案为dragged。
42. 【答案】comfortably
【详解】考查副词。句意：他们在家乡买了一所大房子，以确保他们的父母可以在那里舒适地生活。“舒服地”为副词comfortably，作状语，修饰动词live，故填comfortably。
43. 【答案】injuries##njuries
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管在他的职业生涯中脚上多次受伤，刘翔始终保持着坚定和专注。根据空白处下文“to his feet in his career(在他的职业生涯中脚上有……)”并结合常识可知，空白处应填表示“损伤”含义的名词，根据首字母提示，以i开头且含义为“损伤”的名词为：injury，根据空白处前面的代词many可知空白处应填复数名词。故填injuries。
44. 【答案】conveying##onveying
【详解】考查动词。句意：当你在面试时，向面试官表达你对工作的热情将对你有益。根据单词首字母和句意“传达，表达”以及句子结构可知，此处应用动词convey，作主语，应用动名词。故填conveying。
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，27分)
第一节 阅读表达(共4小题，第45、46小题各2分，第47小题3分，第48小题5分，共12分)
【答案】45. Jane Booth spoke up to her mother and helped her realize how often she complained to stop her from making lengthy complaints .
46. The misbeliefs about complaining are that only negative people complain and that complaining always has a negative impact.
plaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
48. I would first listen to my friend's complaints and show empathy, but then I would try to shift the conversation in a direction that interests them and challenge them to take action on their problems.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何安静一个经常抱怨的人，并纠正了人们对抱怨的误解。抱怨并不总是负面的，有时可以改变不利情况，甚至是建立新关系，但经常抱怨会使情况更加糟糕，因为这些人从得到关注中获得满足感，解决问题并不是他们的目标。对于与经常抱怨的人交往，可以通过转移话题，重申抱怨的内容，鼓励他采取行动，并诚实地告诉他必须结束对话来处理好关系。
【45题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. It turned out that Jane’s intervention not only helped her mother-it also helped their relationship.(事情变得如此糟糕，简觉得这破坏了他们相处的质量，所以她终于说了出来，帮助她母亲意识到她经常抱怨。事实证明，简的干预不仅帮助了她的母亲，也帮助了他们的关系。)”可知，Jane Booth向母亲直言不讳说出了母亲经常抱怨，破坏了他们相处的质量，由此母亲意识到自己的抱怨。故答案为Jane Booth spoke up to her mother and helped her realize how often she complained to stop her from making lengthy complaints .
【46题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“In fact, even the kindest most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact. Sometimes, complaining can change an unfavorable situation into a more desirable one. (事实上，即使是最善良最体贴的人也会抱怨。抱怨并不总是有负面影响。有时候，抱怨可以把一个不利的情况变成一个更可取的情况。)”可知，人们对抱怨的误解在于只有消极的人才会抱怨，抱怨总是有消极的影响。故答案为The misbeliefs about complaining are that only negative people complain and that complaining always has a negative impact.
【47题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight resolution isn’t their aim.(经常抱怨的人的满足感来自于被关注，所以他们对任何解决问题的建议都不满意，他们强调解决问题不是他们的目标。)”可知，就经常抱怨的人来说，强调解决问题的任何建议都不是他们所追求的目标，而经常抱怨的人的满足来自于被关注，让抱怨的人所说的话得到关注是寻求解决问题的一种方式。故题干中的原句“Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.(经常抱怨是人们寻求建议解决问题的一种方式。)”表述与原文不符，原文表达的信息是经常抱怨的人不是为了寻求建议解决问题，而是为了得到关注。故答案为Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
【48题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段“Change the subject.(改变话题。)”第六段“Summarize the complaint.(总结投诉。)”第七段“Challenge the person to act.(挑战那个人去行动。)”第八段“Be honest.(要诚实。)”第九段“it’s important to talk about the problem.(谈论这个问题是很重要的。)”以及最后一段“Remember: Quieting a constant complainer can be beneficial to both of you.(记住：让老是抱怨的人安静下来对你们俩都有好处。)”可以根据文章中给出的方法来劝导朋友，言之有理即可。此处给出参考答案即我会先倾听朋友的抱怨，表现出同情，然后试着把谈话转移到他们感兴趣的方向，并挑战他们采取行动解决他们的问题。故答案为I would first listen to my friend's complaints and show empathy, but then I would try to shift the conversation in a direction that interests them and challenge them to take action on their problems.
第二节 写作(共15分)
49. 【答案】Dear Jim,
I am currently forming a research-based learning group on life planning. The purpose of our research is to explore the significance of life planning and how it can help us achieve our goals. I believe that your expertise and experience would be valuable to our group, and we would be honored if you could join us as our mentor. Your guidance will not only enhance our understanding of life planning but also inspire us to pursue our dreams with confidence.
Thank you for considering our invitation. We look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你正在组建关于人生规划的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你班外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任你们的导师。内容包括：1.介绍研究的具体内容和意义；2.说明邀请原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
组织：form→organize
重要性：significance→importance
提高：enhance→boost
追求：pursue →go after
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am currently forming a research-based learning group on life planning.
拓展句：I am currently forming a research-based learning group, which is on life planning.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We look forward to hearing from you soon. (运用了动名词作宾语)
[高分句型2] I believe that your expertise and experience would be valuable to our group, and we would be honored if you could join us as our mentor. (运用了that引导的宾语从句及if引导的条件状语从句)
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