2023北京十一中高二（上）期中英语（教师版含解析，无听力音频及材料）
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2023北京十一中高二（上）期中
英 语
(总分100分, 考试时间90分钟)
一、完型填空(共10小题, 每小题1分, 共10分)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的选项中, 选出最佳选项。
“I knew when I saw you, I wanted to take you home,” my dad says to me. I am sitting beside him for our Saturday morning visit. While our conversation may repeat at times or be filled with silence, sometimes I get these ___1___ words.
My father has Alzheimer’s (阿兹海默症病人). It has been a long time since he ___2___ me by my name. When he says these words, my tears ___3___ . There is a deep-seated ___4___ of a father seeing his daughter when she was born. It makes me think of a rare photo I have of my father with me as a baby. In the photo, he is holding me, with arms outstretched as if inspecting me.
Another Saturday, it happens again. He is looking at a photo of me in high school. He points to the photo and says, “She’s smart. She can do anything.” I am shocked. The emotion catches in my throat. Does he ___5___ the same person is sitting beside him It does not ___6___ . In that moment I feel his love and it’s a/an ___7___ of my pain.
Our weekly visits repeat. We sit. I listen. He talks.
The more I listen, the more I ___8___ that his words are tied to a memory from long ago. He may ___9___ to find a word but he finds a way to express himself. I am ____10____ to be by his side when he says these unexpected words. He’s giving me what he can.
1. A. simplified B. invaluable C. abnormal D. anxious
2. A. called B. taught C. contacted D. evaluated
3. A. summed up B. rolled over C. welled up D. ran out
4. A. need B. memory C. dream D. intention
5. A. believe B. wonder C. found D. know
6. A. last B. appear C. work D. matter
7. A. relief B. reminder C. instance D. absence
8. A. expect B. imagine C. sense D. doubt
9. A. attempt B. hesitate C. forget D. struggle
10. A. grateful B. curious C. ashamed D. amused
二、语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1分, 共10分)(原创)
A
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and ___11___ (catch)in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on be cliffs. ___12___ arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she ___13___ (see). That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.
B
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Speaking of medicine, through new technology, people who have brain ___14___ other injuries will be able to find new hope. There ___15___ (be) recently, for example, technology which can help blind people to see using cameras and deaf people to hear using microphones that ___16___ (connect) to their brains. Future technology will assist people in overcoming all sorts of physical disabilities.
C
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
National parks are places to be treasured—places ___17___ the country locks away the very best it has to offer for everyone to enjoy. Not all famous national parks are on land. One good example is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia. ___18___ (stretch)over 2,300 kilometers, the Great Barrier Reef is considered one of the natural ___19___ (wonder)of the world. The park was created in 1975 to protect the reef from overdevelopment and fishing. Unfortunately, the biggest danger to it is global warming, ___20___ park management cannot stop.
三、阅读理解(共两部分, 共38分)
(一)阅读选择(共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分)
A
While most parks tend to draw families in the summer and fall, there are also ideal spots for adventurous winter trips.
Yellowstone National Park Wyoming.
The country’s oldest and best-known national park takes on an almost otherworldly atmosphere in winter: the air filled with rolling steam, the strong colors of hot springs, the surrounding white landscapes, let alone the impressive wildlife during this time, like bison, wolves. and playful red foxes. Just book a guided hiking tour to get a ranger’s perspective on the park and local people.
Joshua Tree National Park California.
With its giant red rocks and unique trees, you’ll feel like stepping onto a foreign planet as you spend hours hiking the Panoram a Loop or Maze Loop. The park is recognized as an International Dark Sky Park, featuring virtually zero light pollution and the country’s best views of a starry sky.
Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
A significantly lower number of visitors in winter means you can take in unblocked views of the South Rim, and get to see the rare beauty of the Grand Canyon dusted with snow. For those adventurous and daring, it is recommended to hike the Bright Angel Trail and take the chance to see the canyon’s wintertime wildlife, including mule deer, elk, and bald eagles.
Virgin Islands National Park, St. John
Surprise! Not all wintertime national park trips need to involve snow. Virgin Islands National Park is most famous for its white-sand beaches. You can also hike inland to visit old sugar plantations, or venture out to the water to swim along with sea turtles and manta rays. You will definitely enjoy a different winter here.
21. Which park will one choose if he or she is interested in stars
A. Yellowstone Nation Park. B. Joshua Tree National Park.
C. Grand Canyon National Park. D. Virgin Islands National Park
22. What can we know from the passage
A. The Bright Angel Trail is challenging in cold weather.
B. The four parks are all well-known for the sports on snow.
C. There is a slight drop in visitor numbers in winter in these parks.
D. Virgin Islands National Park lies in an area with rolling steam and hot springs.
23. What’s the best title for the passage
A. The Ideal Spots for Adventures B. The Rules to Follow in the Wild
C. The Big Attractions for Families D. The Best National Parks in Winter
B
Paralympian Anastasia Pagonis’ remarkable success story began when she lost her vision at age 14. Granted, it’s a tough age for any teen, but dealing with a life-changing disability made things even more challenging.
“It took me about eight months to regroup myself,” she told TODAY, “and then I got it in my head, ‘Okay, I’m blind. Now what am I going to do with my life ”
A Long Island native, Pagonis practically grew up in the water. She’d taken up competitive freestyle swimming just a few months prior to going totally blind. While she excelled at the sport with limited vision, an “abusive team” atmosphere prompted her to quit competition.
After months of therapy, however, the persistent teen was ready to get back in the swim-only swimming wasn’t enough for Pagonis. She wanted to compete.
Now she was faced with another dilemma. “Nobody wanted to train the blind girl,” she recalled in an interview with TEAM USA. “I ended up after about eight months finding an amazing coach who was willing to train me and actually put on blackout goggles to try to figure out a way for me to swim.”
By the age of 16, Pagonis was earning a reputation as a fierce competitor, taking two gold medals at the World Para Swimming World Series in Australia. When Pagonis realized her experiences and positive outlook might be a boon(益处) to others, she eagerly stepped up as a role model. “I want to help people the way I needed help,” Pagonis told TEAM USA. “I started doing Instagram and social media and was soon getting a bunch of replies saying, ‘Wow! You really helped me get through bad things,’ or, ‘I was getting bullied in school and you helped me get through that,’ or, ‘You let me know how much I was worth.’”
Back in the water, Pagonis was truly in her element. “It’s my happy place,” she told TODAY. “It’s the place where I feel like I don’t have a disability and I feel like that’s the only place where I feel free. When I dive in the water, it’s just me in the pool and I feel such a connection with it. Sometimes you need to take a leap of faith because if you don’t try, you don’t know. Always follow your dreams.”
24. What difficulty did Pagonis face after she quit competition
A. She had to wear goggles.
B. It was hard to find her a coach
C. Her skills weren’t useful in darkness.
D. She couldn’t do the freestyle anymore.
25. It can be learnt from the passage that Pagonis___________.
A. stopped swimming for two years
B. improved her vision by swimming
C. helped many people through difficulties
D. devoted herself to fighting against bullies
26. What does the underlined phrase in her element mean
A. In a very good mood B. Full of Confusion.
C. Confident of winning. D. Happy to be special.
27. What does the story mainly tell us
A. Team spirit is vital for winning-
B. Role models make us who we are.
C. A good teacher is the key to success.
D. Disability does not limit one’s success.
C
broccoli
When served cauliflower or broccoli, some kids turn away in annoyance. Don’t blame them—a new study suggests specific enzymes (酶) in saliva (唾液) might make these vegetables taste terrible to some children.
These enzymes, called cysteine lyases, are produced by bacteria in the mouth.
The same enzymes are also locked away in the cells of Brassica vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower. When we chew broccoli, these enzymes spill out of their storage containers while those in our mouth start to work.
These enzymes break down a compound (化合物) called S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) in these vegetables, and this breakdown process transforms the compound into sharp smell molecules (分子). Previous studies of adults suggest the level of cysteine lyase activity in a person’s saliva determines how much the SMCSO breaks down. This, in turn, influences how these vegetables taste to adults.
According to these past studies, when different adults consume broccoli, there can be a huge difference in how many unpleasant smells the food lets off as their saliva-borne enzymes break it to bits. But the authors wondered whether the same difference can be seen in kids, who are usually more sensitive to bitter and sour tastes. They suspected that kids whose saliva produced the most smelly, SMCSO-sourced compounds would show the strongest dislike for broccoli.
And the team’s new study proved their assumption. While both adults’ and kids’ saliva produced smelly compounds when exposed to cauliflower, these smells did not influence whether adults liked the vegetable. On the other hand, kids whose saliva produced high concentrations of these smells reported hating cauliflower the most.
The new study included 98 pairs of parents and children aged 6 to 8. After taking samples of each participant’s saliva, the scientists mixed it into raw cauliflower powder. They measured the SMCSO-sourced smell compounds let off and found each participant’s saliva generated a different quantity of smells.
Interestingly, the degree of sickly smell production was similar between parents’ saliva and their children’s. This indicates that parents and kids likely carry similar bacteria in their mouths, which would cause them to produce similar levels of cysteine lyases.
Our senses of taste and smell are strongest in youth, which may make kids even more sensitive to these differences in flavor. The same preference pattern is not seen in adults, who also produce plenty of bad smells. This suggests that the adults came to tolerate the taste of Brassica vegetables. The findings agree with past studies of how our tastes change over time: we can learn to overcome our distaste for certain food by eating it more.
28. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A. The function of mouth bacteria.
B. The cause of an unpleasant flavor.
C. The feature of Brassica vegetables.
D. The form of enzymes in our mouth.
29. What do previous studies indicate
A. SMCSO-breakdown depends on various enzymes.
B. Enzymes determine the taste of Brassica vegetables.
C. Individuals release varying amounts of smell molecules.
D. Kids producing the most smells hate broccoli particularly.
30. What can we conclude from the passage
A. We might accept some foods through repeated exposure.
B. The level of smells may affect an adult’s taste preference.
C. Parents’ and their kids’ saliva-borne enzymes don’t match.
D. Kids’ saliva could produce higher concentrations of smells.
31. Why does the author write the passage
A. To explain a food preference.
B. To introduce a research method.
C. To illustrate a biological process.
D. To show the discovery of an enzyme.
D
Last fall, I happened to overhear a student telling the others he had decided not to sign up for an introductory philosophy (哲学) course. The demands of his major, be said seriously, meant he needed to take “practical” courses, and “enlightenment” would simply have to wait. For now, employability was the most important.
The students’ conversation fits into a larger alarming word about the role of the humanities in higher education. In a time of dizzying technological achievement and of rapid scientific innovation, sceptics of the humanities may question the usefulness of studying Aristotle, the Italian Renaissance (文艺复兴) or Chinese fiction.
Actually, I regret not interrupting that student to argue for taking that introductory philosophy course. I would have started by reminding him that, for much of America’s history, college graduates were not considered truly educated unless they had mastered philosophy, literature, political theory and history. The key role of higher education was to invite students into the conversations about matters like what it means to be alive and the definition of justice. Fostering (鼓励) engagement with these subjects is still an essential part of the university’s function in society.
I would have also mentioned to the student that he was misinformed about the job market. It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills, but they also look for other capabilities. As the world is transformed by artificial intelligence, machine learning and automation, the unique human qualities of creativity, imagination and moral reasoning will be the ultimate coin of the realm. All these skills are developed in humanities courses.
Further, I would have argued that while a degree anchored in the sciences is an important precondition for many jobs, it is not the only route. Look no further than the founders of companies such as LinkedIn, Slack and Flickr, who are among the many tech businesspersons with degrees in the humanities, and who credit that training for their success.
Far from the widely held belief that humanities majors have a hard time getting jobs, recent studies show that those with humanities degrees are successful in the workplace, experiencing low rates of unemployment and reporting high levels of job satisfaction. The ratio between average median (中位数) incomes for humanities degree holders and those with business, engineering, and health and medical sciences degrees has been shown to narrow over the course of a career.
The case for the humanities can also be understood in less transactional (事务性的) terms and more as a foundational preparation for a life well lived. A humanities education plays a vital role in encouraging citizens to lead an examined life. It fosters critical thinking, self-reflection, empathy and tolerance, the usefulness of which only becomes more apparent as one navigates life’s challenges.
By all means, students should take courses they think practical and follow their interests, but if they also make a point of studying the literature of the Renaissance, or researching into modem poetry, or even taking introductory philosophy, we will all benefit.
32. What do the students’ conversation show
A. Students feel employment difficult.
B. Students think philosophy less important.
C. Students find scientific innovation amazing.
D. Students consider university courses unsatisfying.
33. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Equally applied. B. Highly valued.
C. Strictly assessed. D. Greatly improved.
34. The author may agree that humanities___________.
A. provide great insights into life B. prepare students for graduation
C. discover students’ artistic ability D. raise awareness of social celebrity
(二)阅读还原(共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Why Boundaries at Work Are Essential
What is a boundary, you ask A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something. ___35___ If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.
Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler(更微妙的). ___36___
Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someone’s behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work.
Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one. ___37___ One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout over time.
Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics(道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent(始终如一的)with this. ___38___ Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within.
___39___ . Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace.
A. Why are boundaries important
B. However, they are equally, if not more, important.
C. Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them.
D. Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful.
E. Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.
F. Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.
G. Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal discomfort, even conflict.
四、选词填空(共10小题; 每小题1分, 共10分)(原创)
请用方框中所给词完成句子。
accompany advocate digest domestic substance
40. He chose to______________ her on the trip.
41. This______________ appliance is intended for big families.
42. He paused, waiting for her to______________ the information.
43. Many experts______________ fitting all buildings with smoke detectors.
44. After treating the wormwood in a new way, she found a/an______________ that worked.
请用方框中所给词的正确形式完成句子。
amuse deep occupy reward secure
45. These smart homes will ensure our______________.
46. The Roman______________ of Britain left many towns and roads.
47. To my______________, the bicycle stolen 20 years ago was founded!
48. He is acknowledged as a writer of great wisdom and______________.
49. Setting goals can make your life manageable as well as______________.
五、书面表达(共两节, 32 分)
第一节阅读回答问题(共4小题: 第50、51题各2分, 第52题3分, 第53题5分, 共12分)
阅读表达
Before ending up on a supermarket shelf, an avocado (牛油果) has produced 1.3 kilograms of carbon into the atmosphere. Its production alone consumes 60 gallons of water. Despite this, the fruit will often be thrown away as household waste.
Household food waste is the result of mismanagement. Much of the waste is avoidable and the food may have been eaten had it been better managed. To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers determine to remove date labelling, such as the “use-by” or “best-before” date, from some fresh food items.
Past studies have confirmed the importance of date labelling. Almost 60% of Western European consumers surveyed said they “always” check date labels while purchasing. But date labelling has long come under criticism because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making. Indeed, consumers commonly don’t accept edible (可食用的), but date-expired (过期的) food.
The removal of date labelling is therefore a promising start. Without date labels, information that may affect consumers’ understanding of what is edible is removed. Instead, consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items.
In the case of an avocado, the advice given to consumers is that when ripe, it should have a “pleasant and slightly sweet aroma (气味)”, while the skin should be “dark green or brown”. Information is also provided on how an avocado should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to an expiration date.
50. What do food retailers decide to do to reduce household food waste
______________________________________________________________________________
51. Why has date labelling been criticized
______________________________________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
If consumers can be informed of the food’s nutritional value, they will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to date labels.
______________________________________________________________________________
53. Do you support the removal of date labelling Why or why not (In about 40 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
六、写作(共 20分)(原创)
54. 假设你是红星中学高二年级学生李华。最近你班交换生Jim听说他平常练习滑板(go skateboarding)的红星公园将在园区内限制该项活动，向你询问相关情况。请你给他回信，内容包括以下要点：
1. 公园的规定；
2. 你对此事的看法；
3. 你的建议。
注意： 1. 词数 100 字左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、完型填空(共10小题, 每小题1分, 共10分)
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲虽然患有老年痴呆症，不认人也不记事，但父亲偶尔的只言片语依然让作者感受到深深的父爱。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们的谈话有时会重复或充满沉默，但有时我会得到这些宝贵的话语。A. simplified简化了的；B. invaluable非常珍贵的；C. abnormal反常的；D. anxious渴望的。根据“My father has Alzheimer’s (阿兹海默症病人).”可知，父亲因阿兹海默症不能正常交流，所以父亲偶尔跟作者讲的话对作者来说是很宝贵的。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他已经很久没有叫我的名字了。 A. called叫；喊；B. taught教；C. contacted联系；D. evaluated评价。根据“My father has Alzheimer’s (阿兹海默症病人).”可知，父亲患有老年痴呆症，由此推知，作者父亲很久没有叫过作者的名字了。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当他说这些话时，我的眼泪涌了出来。 A. summed up总结；B. rolled over翻滚；C. welled up (眼泪等)涌上；D. ran out用完。根据““I knew when I saw you, I wanted to take you home,” my dad says to me.”可知，父亲连女儿的名字都不记得了，但女儿一直在父亲记忆的最深处，所以听到父亲说这样的话，作者的眼泪涌了出来。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲在女儿出生时见到她的深刻记忆。A. need需要；B. memory记忆；C. dream梦想；D. intention目的。根据““I knew when I saw you, I wanted to take you home,” my dad says to me.”可知，作者的父亲之所以说那句话是因为他想起了女儿刚出生时的场景。由此可知，父亲的深刻记忆是女儿出生的时候。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他知道坐在他旁边的是同一个人吗？ A. believe相信；B. wonder惊奇；C. found发现；D. know知道。根据“He points to the photo and says, “She’s smart. She can do anything.””可知，父亲指着照片夸自己的女儿，这让作者疑惑父亲是否知道照片里的人和坐在他旁边的作者是同一个人。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没关系。A. last持续；B. appear出现；C. work工作；D. matter关系。根据“In that moment I feel his love and it’s a/an ___7___ of my pain.”可知，作者从父亲的话里感受到了父爱。所以，从作者的角度来说，就算父亲不知道自己就是照片里的人也没关系。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，我感受到他的爱，我的痛苦得到了缓解。A. relief欣慰；减轻；B. reminder提示；C. instance场合；D. absence缺席。根据“my pain.”可知，父亲患病让作者心疼。父亲的话让作者感受到父爱，这对作者来说意味着痛苦的减轻。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我听得越多，就越觉得他的话和很久以前的记忆联系在一起。A. expect期望；B. imagine想象；C. sense觉得；意识到；D. doubt怀疑。根据“that his words are tied to a memory from long ago.”可知，作者意识到父亲的话都和很久以前的记忆联系在一起。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能很难找到一个词，但他找到了一种表达自己的方式。A. attempt尝试；B. hesitate犹豫；C. forget忘记；D. struggle艰难地进行。根据“to find a word but he finds a way to express himself.”可知，老年痴呆症影响了父亲的语言表达能力，所以交谈吃力地进行。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他说出这些意想不到的话时，我很感激能在他身边。A. grateful感激的；B. curious好奇的；C. ashamed感到惭愧的；D. amused愉快的。根据“when he says these unexpected words.”可知，充满父爱的话是作者陪伴父亲时意料之外的收获。能听到父亲说这些话，作者是心怀感恩的。故选A。
二、语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1分, 共10分)(原创)
【答案】11. was caught
12. On##Upon
13. had seen
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个女孩乘船偶遇暴风雨的个人经历。
【11题详解】
考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了暴风雨。由并列连词and可知空处填谓语动词，和set out并列。由提示动词set out可知时态是一般过去时，主语she和catch之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时的被动，即was caught。be caught in表示“遇到，陷入”。故填was caught。
【12题详解】
考查介词和固定短语。句意：到达岸边后，女孩挣扎着爬上悬崖，朝着她看到的光线走去。根据提示词arriving并结合句意可知，此处考查“on/upon+doing”结构，表示“一……就……”。空格置于句首，首字母要大写。故填On/Upon。
【13题详解】
考查谓语动词时态。句意：到达岸边后，女孩挣扎着爬上悬崖，朝着她看到的光线走去。分析句子结构，“she _____3_____ (see)”是省略关系代词的定语从句，所以空处作从句的谓语动词。由句意可知，看见灯光发生在爬上悬崖朝灯光走去之前，过去的过去用过去完成时，即had seen。故填had seen。
【答案】14. or 15. has been
16. are connected
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新技术在医学上的应用。
【14题详解】
考查连词。句意：说到医学，通过新技术，有大脑或其他损伤的人将能够找到新的希望。此处含有选择意义，用连词or“或者”。故填or。
【15题详解】
考查时态。句意：例如，最近有一种技术可以帮助盲人用摄像头看到东西，聋哑人用连接到大脑的麦克风听到声音。根据时间状语recently可知，用现在完成时，主语是technology，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填has been。
【16题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：例如，最近有一种技术可以帮助盲人用摄像头看到东西，聋哑人用连接到大脑的麦克风听到声音。短语：be connected to与……连接。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。先行词microphones为复数，that替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，与connect之间时被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用are。故填are connected。
【答案】17. where
18. Stretching
19. wonders
20. but
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的大堡礁海洋公园。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：国家公园是值得珍惜的地方——在这里，这个国家把它最好的东西保护起来，让每个人都能欣赏。句中先行词为places，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where，故填where。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：大堡礁绵延2300多公里，被认为是世界自然奇观之一。逻辑主语the Great Barrier Reef与stretch之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填Stretching。
【19题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：大堡礁绵延2300多公里，被认为是世界自然奇观之一。固定结构：one of+ the+复数名词。故填wonders。
【20题详解】
考查连词。句意：不幸的是，对它最大的威胁是全球变暖，但公园管理不能停止。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词。故填but。
三、阅读理解(共两部分, 共38分)
(一)阅读选择(共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分)
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个适合冬季冒险旅行的国家公园。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Joshua Tree National Park California.”部分中“The park is recognized as an International Dark Sky Park, featuring virtually zero light pollution and the country’s best views of a starry sky. (该公园被公认为国际黑暗天空公园，具有几乎零光污染和全国最佳的星空景观)”可知，如果游客对星星感兴趣，可去Joshua Tree National Park。故选B。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.”部分中“For those adventurous and daring, it is recommended to hike the Bright Angel Trail and take the chance to see the canyon’s wintertime wildlife, including mule deer, elk, and bald eagles. (对于那些冒险和大胆的人，建议徒步旅行the Bright Angel Trail，并有机会看到峡谷的冬季野生动物，包括骡鹿，麋鹿和秃鹰)”可推知，在冬天去the Bright Angel Trail旅行徒步是具有挑战性的。故选A。
【23题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While most parks tend to draw families in the summer and fall, there are also ideal spots for adventurous winter trips. (虽然大多数公园往往在夏天和秋天吸引家庭，但也有适合冒险的冬季旅行的理想场所)”并结合后文内容可知，本篇文章主要介绍了四个适合冬季旅行的国家公园。由此可知，D选项“The Best National Parks in Winter. (冬季最佳国家公园)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了残奥会选手阿纳斯塔西娅·帕格尼丝14岁失明，但她身残志不残，最终通过不懈努力取得成功。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段““Nobody wanted to train the blind girl,” she recalled in an interview with TEAM USA.(“没人想训练这个盲女，”她在接受“美国队”采访时回忆说。)”可知，帕格尼丝退出比赛后面临着很难找到教练的困难。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段““I want to help people the way I needed help,”Pagonis told TEAM USA. “I started doing Instagram and social media and was soon getting a bunch of replies saying, ‘Wow! You really helped me get through bad things,’ or, ‘I was getting bullied in school and you helped me get through that,’ or, ‘You let me know how much I was worth. (“我想用我需要的方式帮助别人，”帕格尼丝告诉“美国队”。“我开始刷Instagram和社交媒体，很快就收到了很多回复，‘哇!你真的帮我度过了一些不好的事情，’或者‘我在学校被人欺负，是你帮我度过的’，或者‘你让我知道了我的价值’。)”可知，帕格尼丝帮助很多人度过难关。故选C。
【26题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词后句““It’s my happy place,” she told TODAY. (“这是（让）我快乐的地方，”她告诉《今日》杂志。)”可知，帕格尼丝回到水利心情很好。由此推知，in her element为“心情愉悦”之意。故选A。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Paralympian Anastasia Pagonis’ remarkable success story began when she lost her vision at age 14.(残奥会选手阿纳斯塔西娅·帕格尼丝非凡的成功故事始于她14岁失明时。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了残奥会选手阿纳斯塔西娅·帕格尼丝14岁失明，但她身残志不残，最终通过不懈努力取得成功，即文章告诉我们残疾并不会限制一个人的成功。故选D。
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. A 31. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们之所以在吃到西兰花的时候觉得难吃是因为口腔唾液中的一种特定的酶。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一、第二段“When served cauliflower or broccoli, some kids turn away in annoyance. Don’t blame them—a new study suggests specific enzymes(酶) in saliva(唾液) might make these vegetables taste terrible to some children. These enzymes, called cysteine lyases, are produced by bacteria in the mouth.(当端上花椰菜或西兰花时，一些孩子会厌烦地转身离开。不要责怪他们，一项新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能会让一些孩子觉得这些蔬菜很难吃。这些酶被称为半胱氨酸裂解酶，是由口腔中的细菌产生的。)”可知，这两段主要解释了为什么吃西兰花的时候会觉得难吃，也就是解释了难闻的味道的起因。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“These enzymes break down a compound(化合物) called S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) in these vegetables, and this breakdown process transforms the compound into sharp smell molecules(分子). Previous studies of adults suggest the level of cysteine lyase activity in a person’s saliva determines how much the SMCSO breaks down. This, in turn, influences how these vegetables taste to adults.(这些酶在这些蔬菜中分解一种叫做SMCSO的化合物，这个分解过程将这种化合物转化为有强烈气味的分子。先前对成年人的研究表明，人唾液中半胱氨酸裂解酶的活性水平决定了SMCSO的分解程度。这反过来又影响了这些蔬菜对成年人而言尝起来的味道。)”可知，这些酶决定了西兰花的味道。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The findings agree with past studies of how our tastes change over time: we can learn to overcome our distaste for certain food by eating it more(这些发现与过去关于我们的口味如何随时间变化的研究一致：我们可以通过多吃来克服对某种食物的厌恶。)”可知，通过不断地接触，我们可以接受某种不太喜欢的事物。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When served cauliflower or broccoli, some kids turn away in annoyance. Don’t blame them—a new study suggests specific enzymes(酶) in saliva(唾液) might make these vegetables taste terrible to some children. (当端上花椰菜或西兰花时，一些孩子会厌烦地转身离开。不要责怪他们，一项新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能会让一些孩子觉得这些蔬菜很难吃。)”可推断，作者写这篇文章主要介绍了一个新的研究发现。故选D。
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人文学科在高等教育中的重要性，提出文科教育不仅对个人成长有利，也对社会发展不可或缺。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Last fall, I happened to overhear a student telling the others he had decided not to sign up for an introductory philosophy(哲学)course. The demands of his major, be said seriously, meant he needed to take “practical” courses, and “enlightenment” would simply have to wait. For now, employability was the most important.(去年秋天，我无意中听到一个学生告诉其他人，他决定不报哲学导论课程。他严肃地说，专业的要求意味着他需要学习“实用”课程，而“启蒙”只能等一等。目前，就业能力是最重要的。)”可推测，学生认为哲学并没有其他课程重要。故选B。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线短语上文“It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills, but they also look for other capabilities. (的确，许多雇主都在寻找具有专业技术技能的毕业生，但他们也在寻找其他能力。)”可知，雇主也在寻找其他能力。而根据划线短语主句“As the world is transformed by artificial intelligence, machine learning and automation,(随着世界被人工智能、机器学习和自动化所改变，)”可知，人工智能、机器学习和自动化将改变世界，由此可推测，人类独特的创造力、想象力和道德推理能力会显得“尤为重要、有价值”。选项B“Highly valued.(高度重视)”与划线短语相似。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The key role of higher education was to invite students into the conversations about matters like what it means to be alive and the definition of justice. Fostering(鼓励)engagement with these subjects is still an essential part of the university’s function in society.(高等教育的关键作用是邀请学生参与对话，讨论生命的意义和正义的定义。促进对这些学科的参与仍然是大学社会职能的重要组成部分。)”根据第五段“Look no further than the founders of companies such as LinkedIn, Slack and Flickr, who are among the many tech businesspersons with degrees in the humanities, and who credit that training for their success.”（看看LinkedIn、Slack和Flickr等公司的创始人就知道了，他们是众多拥有人文学科学位的科技商业人士之一，他们把自己的成功归功于人文学科的培训。）可知，作者认为人文学科能够提供对生活深刻的见解。故选A。
(二)阅读还原(共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分)
【答案】35. E 36. B 37. F 38. G 39. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了工作场所中设置界限的重要性，包括身体界限、情感界限和心理界限，以及这些界限如何影响工作满意度和员工健康。
【35题详解】
根据空前内容“What is a boundary, you ask A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something.(你可能会问，什么是界限？界限是定义你与某人或某事之间关系的界限。)”可知，上文引入概念界限。选项E“Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.(界限可以是身体上的、精神上的、情感上的、有形的或无形的。)”对界限进行了分类。与下文“If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.(如果你告诉别人这是你的办公空间，你的桌子，或者你的椅子，你已经试图设置物理边界。)”内容一致，故选E。
【36题详解】
根据上文“It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler(更微妙的).(物理边界通常更容易理解。情感或精神上的界限可能更微妙。)”可知，上文提到了物理界限和精神上的界限。选项B“However, they are equally, if not more, important.(然而，它们同样重要，如果不是谁更重要的话。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是两种界限同样重要。故选B。
【37题详解】
根据空后内容“One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout over time. (这方面的一个例子是在周末或假期被反复要求工作到很晚。另一个例子是被要求看太多的客户或病人，以至于我们在一天结束时感到疲倦，到周五就筋疲力尽了。通常，以上工作场所的要求会导致压力增加，并且随着时间的推移，很有可能会精疲力竭。)”可知，下文讲述的是我们会被要求做一些超出我们能力范围的事情。选项F“Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time. (这种界限通常包括在很长一段时间内被要求做超出我们能力范围的事情。)”与下文内容相一致，指的都是我们被要求做超出我们能力范围的事情。故选F。
【38题详解】
根据上文内容“For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent(始终如一的)with this.(例如，你看重一种尊重员工和客户、尊重尊严、道德行事的职场文化。六个月后，你意识到公司领导一再以与此不一致的方式行事。)”以及常识可知，当个人价值观和公司不一致时，可能就会有冲突。选项G“Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal discomfort, even conflict.(你的价值观和道德标准与公司不一致，这可能会导致内部不适，甚至冲突。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是当你的价值观和道德标准与公司不一致，这可能会导致内部不适，甚至冲突。故选G。
【39题详解】
空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace. (边界有很多功能。他们帮助保护我们，明确我们的责任，保持我们的身体和情感能量，并实践我们的价值观和标准。学习设定界限的技能有助于我们优先考虑我们的价值观和幸福，更好地管理我们的压力。识别、设定和保持界限是很有价值的技能，不幸的是，我们在学校或工作场所往往没有学到这些技能。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是界限的重要性。选项A“Why are boundaries important (为什么界限很重要？)”可以统领本段内容。故选A。
四、选词填空(共10小题; 每小题1分, 共10分)(原创)
【答案】40. accompany
41. domestic
42. digest 43. advocate
44. substance
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：他选择陪她去旅行。choose to do sth.选择做某事。动词accompany为“陪伴”之意。结合句意，故填accompany。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这种家用电器是为大家庭设计的。名词appliance前用形容词修饰。形容词domestic为“家庭的”之意。结合句意，故填domestic。
【42题详解】
考查动词。句意：他停顿了一下，等着她消化这个信息。不定式to后接动词原形。动词digest为“消化”之意。结合句意，故填digest。
【43题详解】
考查动词。句意：许多专家主张在所有建筑物安装烟雾探测器。动词advocate为“主张”之意。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语Many experts为复数，谓语动词用动词原形。结合句意，故填advocate。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：在用一种新的方法处理艾草后，她发现了一种有效的物质。不定冠词a后接名词形式。名词substance为“物质”之意。结合句意，故填substance。
【答案】45. security
46. occupation
47. amusement
48. depth 49. rewarding
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些智能家居将确保我们的安全。形容词性物主代词our后接名词形式作宾语。secure的名词形式为security，意为“安全”，为不可数名词。结合句意，故填security。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：罗马占领英国后留下了许多城镇和道路。the+名词+of。occupy的名词形式为occupation，意为“占领；占据”，为不可数名词。结合句意，故填occupation。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：使我感到好笑的是，那辆20年前被偷的自行车被找回来了！固定搭配to one’s +名词。amuse的名词形式为amusement，意为“娱乐，消遣”，为不可数名词。结合句意，故填amusement。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意：他被公认为一位极具智慧和深度的作家。根据并列连词and前的名词wisdom可知，用名词形式。deep的名词形式为depth，意为“深度”。结合句意，故填depth。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意：设定目标可以让你的生活更易于管理，也是值得的。根据并列连词as well as前形容词manageable可知，用形容词形式，在句中作宾语补足语。reward的形容词形式为rewarding，意为“值得的”。结合句意，故填rewarding。
五、书面表达(共两节, 32 分)
【答案】50. Food retailers decide to remove date labelling.
51. Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.
52. If consumers can be informed of the food’s nutritional value, they will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to date labels.
Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. The issue of food’s nutritional value is not discussed in the passage. So if consumers can be better informed of the food’s look, taste and feel, they will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to date labels.
53. I don’t support the removal of date labelling, because removing date labels from some fresh food items can prevent consumers from knowing the edible information of the food.
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章从食品浪费问题切入，讨论了食品上日期标签的影响以及是否可以通过移除日期标签来减少食品浪费。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers determine to remove date labelling, such as the “use-by” or “best-before” date, from some fresh food items. (为了减少家庭食物浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定取消一些新鲜食品上的日期标签，比如“保质期”或“最佳食用日期”)”可知，为了减少家庭食物浪费，食品零售商决定取消一些新鲜食品上的日期标签。故答案为Food retailers decide to remove date labelling.
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“But date labelling has long come under criticism because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making. (但日期标签长期以来一直受到批评，因为不能真正理解日期标签往往会导致不合理的决策)”可知，日期标签受到批评是因为不能真正理解日期标签往往会导致不合理的决策。故答案为Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.
【52题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“In the case of an avocado, the advice given to consumers is that when ripe, it should have a “pleasant and slightly sweet aroma (气味)”, while the skin should be “dark green or brown”. Information is also provided on how an avocado should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to an expiration date. (就牛油果而言，给消费者的建议是，当牛油果成熟时，它应该有一种“宜人的微甜香气”，而表皮应该是“深绿色或棕色”。信息中还提供了牛油果“过熟”时的外观、味道和触感。希望了解更多信息的消费者不太可能因为过期而盲目扔掉食物)”可知，如果消费者更加了解食物的外观、味道和触感等信息，而非营养价值，那么就不太可能因为日期标签而盲目扔掉食物。故答案为If consumers can be informed of the food’s nutritional value, they will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to date labels.
Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. The issue of food’s nutritional value is not discussed in the passage. So if consumers can be better informed of the food’s look, taste and feel, they will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to date labels.
【53题详解】
开放性试题。题目要求考生谈谈是否支持移除日期标签，考生言之有理即可。例如，根据倒数第二段中“Without date labels, information that may affect consumers’ understanding of what is edible is removed. (没有日期标签，可能会影响消费者对什么是可食用的理解的信息被删除了)”可知，移除日期标签会阻碍消费者了解食物的可食用信息。故答案为I don’t support the removal of date labelling, because removing date labels from some fresh food items can prevent consumers from knowing the edible information of the food.
六、写作(共 20分)(原创)
54. 【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to hear that the Hongxing Park, where you usually go skateboarding, will limit the activity within the park. According to the park’s new regulations, skateboarding is now prohibited in some areas of the park to ensure the safety of visitors.
Personally, I understand the park’s decision, as it is necessary to ensure the safety of all visitors. However, I also believe that skateboarding is a fun and exciting activity that should be enjoyed in a safe environment.
I suggest you look for other skateboarding parks or outdoor spaces where you can practice your skills. Additionally, you may want to consider joining a skateboarding club or community to connect with other skateboarders and learn about new places to skate.
I hope this information is helpful.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的信件。要求考生给交换生Jim写封信，告知其红星公园对于滑板运动的限制。
【详解】1.词汇积累
禁止：prohibit→ forbid
必要的：necessary → essential
令人兴奋的：exciting → thrilling
此外：additionally→ in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Additionally, you may want to consider joining a skateboarding club or community to connect with other skateboarders and learn about new places to skate.
拓展句：Additionally, you may want to consider joining a skateboarding club or community so that you can connect with other skateboarders and learn about new places to skate.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sorry to hear that the Hongxing Park, where you usually go skateboarding, will limit the activity within the park.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和where引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Personally, I understand the park’s decision, as it is necessary to ensure the safety of all visitors.（运用了as引导的状语从句）
英 语
(总分100分, 考试时间90分钟)
一、完型填空(共10小题, 每小题1分, 共10分)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的选项中, 选出最佳选项。
“I knew when I saw you, I wanted to take you home,” my dad says to me. I am sitting beside him for our Saturday morning visit. While our conversation may repeat at times or be filled with silence, sometimes I get these ___1___ words.
My father has Alzheimer’s (阿兹海默症病人). It has been a long time since he ___2___ me by my name. When he says these words, my tears ___3___ . There is a deep-seated ___4___ of a father seeing his daughter when she was born. It makes me think of a rare photo I have of my father with me as a baby. In the photo, he is holding me, with arms outstretched as if inspecting me.
Another Saturday, it happens again. He is looking at a photo of me in high school. He points to the photo and says, “She’s smart. She can do anything.” I am shocked. The emotion catches in my throat. Does he ___5___ the same person is sitting beside him It does not ___6___ . In that moment I feel his love and it’s a/an ___7___ of my pain.
Our weekly visits repeat. We sit. I listen. He talks.
The more I listen, the more I ___8___ that his words are tied to a memory from long ago. He may ___9___ to find a word but he finds a way to express himself. I am ____10____ to be by his side when he says these unexpected words. He’s giving me what he can.
1. A. simplified B. invaluable C. abnormal D. anxious
2. A. called B. taught C. contacted D. evaluated
3. A. summed up B. rolled over C. welled up D. ran out
4. A. need B. memory C. dream D. intention
5. A. believe B. wonder C. found D. know
6. A. last B. appear C. work D. matter
7. A. relief B. reminder C. instance D. absence
8. A. expect B. imagine C. sense D. doubt
9. A. attempt B. hesitate C. forget D. struggle
10. A. grateful B. curious C. ashamed D. amused
二、语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1分, 共10分)(原创)
A
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and ___11___ (catch)in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on be cliffs. ___12___ arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she ___13___ (see). That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.
B
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Speaking of medicine, through new technology, people who have brain ___14___ other injuries will be able to find new hope. There ___15___ (be) recently, for example, technology which can help blind people to see using cameras and deaf people to hear using microphones that ___16___ (connect) to their brains. Future technology will assist people in overcoming all sorts of physical disabilities.
C
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
National parks are places to be treasured—places ___17___ the country locks away the very best it has to offer for everyone to enjoy. Not all famous national parks are on land. One good example is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia. ___18___ (stretch)over 2,300 kilometers, the Great Barrier Reef is considered one of the natural ___19___ (wonder)of the world. The park was created in 1975 to protect the reef from overdevelopment and fishing. Unfortunately, the biggest danger to it is global warming, ___20___ park management cannot stop.
三、阅读理解(共两部分, 共38分)
(一)阅读选择(共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分)
A
While most parks tend to draw families in the summer and fall, there are also ideal spots for adventurous winter trips.
Yellowstone National Park Wyoming.
The country’s oldest and best-known national park takes on an almost otherworldly atmosphere in winter: the air filled with rolling steam, the strong colors of hot springs, the surrounding white landscapes, let alone the impressive wildlife during this time, like bison, wolves. and playful red foxes. Just book a guided hiking tour to get a ranger’s perspective on the park and local people.
Joshua Tree National Park California.
With its giant red rocks and unique trees, you’ll feel like stepping onto a foreign planet as you spend hours hiking the Panoram a Loop or Maze Loop. The park is recognized as an International Dark Sky Park, featuring virtually zero light pollution and the country’s best views of a starry sky.
Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
A significantly lower number of visitors in winter means you can take in unblocked views of the South Rim, and get to see the rare beauty of the Grand Canyon dusted with snow. For those adventurous and daring, it is recommended to hike the Bright Angel Trail and take the chance to see the canyon’s wintertime wildlife, including mule deer, elk, and bald eagles.
Virgin Islands National Park, St. John
Surprise! Not all wintertime national park trips need to involve snow. Virgin Islands National Park is most famous for its white-sand beaches. You can also hike inland to visit old sugar plantations, or venture out to the water to swim along with sea turtles and manta rays. You will definitely enjoy a different winter here.
21. Which park will one choose if he or she is interested in stars
A. Yellowstone Nation Park. B. Joshua Tree National Park.
C. Grand Canyon National Park. D. Virgin Islands National Park
22. What can we know from the passage
A. The Bright Angel Trail is challenging in cold weather.
B. The four parks are all well-known for the sports on snow.
C. There is a slight drop in visitor numbers in winter in these parks.
D. Virgin Islands National Park lies in an area with rolling steam and hot springs.
23. What’s the best title for the passage
A. The Ideal Spots for Adventures B. The Rules to Follow in the Wild
C. The Big Attractions for Families D. The Best National Parks in Winter
B
Paralympian Anastasia Pagonis’ remarkable success story began when she lost her vision at age 14. Granted, it’s a tough age for any teen, but dealing with a life-changing disability made things even more challenging.
“It took me about eight months to regroup myself,” she told TODAY, “and then I got it in my head, ‘Okay, I’m blind. Now what am I going to do with my life ”
A Long Island native, Pagonis practically grew up in the water. She’d taken up competitive freestyle swimming just a few months prior to going totally blind. While she excelled at the sport with limited vision, an “abusive team” atmosphere prompted her to quit competition.
After months of therapy, however, the persistent teen was ready to get back in the swim-only swimming wasn’t enough for Pagonis. She wanted to compete.
Now she was faced with another dilemma. “Nobody wanted to train the blind girl,” she recalled in an interview with TEAM USA. “I ended up after about eight months finding an amazing coach who was willing to train me and actually put on blackout goggles to try to figure out a way for me to swim.”
By the age of 16, Pagonis was earning a reputation as a fierce competitor, taking two gold medals at the World Para Swimming World Series in Australia. When Pagonis realized her experiences and positive outlook might be a boon(益处) to others, she eagerly stepped up as a role model. “I want to help people the way I needed help,” Pagonis told TEAM USA. “I started doing Instagram and social media and was soon getting a bunch of replies saying, ‘Wow! You really helped me get through bad things,’ or, ‘I was getting bullied in school and you helped me get through that,’ or, ‘You let me know how much I was worth.’”
Back in the water, Pagonis was truly in her element. “It’s my happy place,” she told TODAY. “It’s the place where I feel like I don’t have a disability and I feel like that’s the only place where I feel free. When I dive in the water, it’s just me in the pool and I feel such a connection with it. Sometimes you need to take a leap of faith because if you don’t try, you don’t know. Always follow your dreams.”
24. What difficulty did Pagonis face after she quit competition
A. She had to wear goggles.
B. It was hard to find her a coach
C. Her skills weren’t useful in darkness.
D. She couldn’t do the freestyle anymore.
25. It can be learnt from the passage that Pagonis___________.
A. stopped swimming for two years
B. improved her vision by swimming
C. helped many people through difficulties
D. devoted herself to fighting against bullies
26. What does the underlined phrase in her element mean
A. In a very good mood B. Full of Confusion.
C. Confident of winning. D. Happy to be special.
27. What does the story mainly tell us
A. Team spirit is vital for winning-
B. Role models make us who we are.
C. A good teacher is the key to success.
D. Disability does not limit one’s success.
C
broccoli
When served cauliflower or broccoli, some kids turn away in annoyance. Don’t blame them—a new study suggests specific enzymes (酶) in saliva (唾液) might make these vegetables taste terrible to some children.
These enzymes, called cysteine lyases, are produced by bacteria in the mouth.
The same enzymes are also locked away in the cells of Brassica vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower. When we chew broccoli, these enzymes spill out of their storage containers while those in our mouth start to work.
These enzymes break down a compound (化合物) called S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) in these vegetables, and this breakdown process transforms the compound into sharp smell molecules (分子). Previous studies of adults suggest the level of cysteine lyase activity in a person’s saliva determines how much the SMCSO breaks down. This, in turn, influences how these vegetables taste to adults.
According to these past studies, when different adults consume broccoli, there can be a huge difference in how many unpleasant smells the food lets off as their saliva-borne enzymes break it to bits. But the authors wondered whether the same difference can be seen in kids, who are usually more sensitive to bitter and sour tastes. They suspected that kids whose saliva produced the most smelly, SMCSO-sourced compounds would show the strongest dislike for broccoli.
And the team’s new study proved their assumption. While both adults’ and kids’ saliva produced smelly compounds when exposed to cauliflower, these smells did not influence whether adults liked the vegetable. On the other hand, kids whose saliva produced high concentrations of these smells reported hating cauliflower the most.
The new study included 98 pairs of parents and children aged 6 to 8. After taking samples of each participant’s saliva, the scientists mixed it into raw cauliflower powder. They measured the SMCSO-sourced smell compounds let off and found each participant’s saliva generated a different quantity of smells.
Interestingly, the degree of sickly smell production was similar between parents’ saliva and their children’s. This indicates that parents and kids likely carry similar bacteria in their mouths, which would cause them to produce similar levels of cysteine lyases.
Our senses of taste and smell are strongest in youth, which may make kids even more sensitive to these differences in flavor. The same preference pattern is not seen in adults, who also produce plenty of bad smells. This suggests that the adults came to tolerate the taste of Brassica vegetables. The findings agree with past studies of how our tastes change over time: we can learn to overcome our distaste for certain food by eating it more.
28. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A. The function of mouth bacteria.
B. The cause of an unpleasant flavor.
C. The feature of Brassica vegetables.
D. The form of enzymes in our mouth.
29. What do previous studies indicate
A. SMCSO-breakdown depends on various enzymes.
B. Enzymes determine the taste of Brassica vegetables.
C. Individuals release varying amounts of smell molecules.
D. Kids producing the most smells hate broccoli particularly.
30. What can we conclude from the passage
A. We might accept some foods through repeated exposure.
B. The level of smells may affect an adult’s taste preference.
C. Parents’ and their kids’ saliva-borne enzymes don’t match.
D. Kids’ saliva could produce higher concentrations of smells.
31. Why does the author write the passage
A. To explain a food preference.
B. To introduce a research method.
C. To illustrate a biological process.
D. To show the discovery of an enzyme.
D
Last fall, I happened to overhear a student telling the others he had decided not to sign up for an introductory philosophy (哲学) course. The demands of his major, be said seriously, meant he needed to take “practical” courses, and “enlightenment” would simply have to wait. For now, employability was the most important.
The students’ conversation fits into a larger alarming word about the role of the humanities in higher education. In a time of dizzying technological achievement and of rapid scientific innovation, sceptics of the humanities may question the usefulness of studying Aristotle, the Italian Renaissance (文艺复兴) or Chinese fiction.
Actually, I regret not interrupting that student to argue for taking that introductory philosophy course. I would have started by reminding him that, for much of America’s history, college graduates were not considered truly educated unless they had mastered philosophy, literature, political theory and history. The key role of higher education was to invite students into the conversations about matters like what it means to be alive and the definition of justice. Fostering (鼓励) engagement with these subjects is still an essential part of the university’s function in society.
I would have also mentioned to the student that he was misinformed about the job market. It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills, but they also look for other capabilities. As the world is transformed by artificial intelligence, machine learning and automation, the unique human qualities of creativity, imagination and moral reasoning will be the ultimate coin of the realm. All these skills are developed in humanities courses.
Further, I would have argued that while a degree anchored in the sciences is an important precondition for many jobs, it is not the only route. Look no further than the founders of companies such as LinkedIn, Slack and Flickr, who are among the many tech businesspersons with degrees in the humanities, and who credit that training for their success.
Far from the widely held belief that humanities majors have a hard time getting jobs, recent studies show that those with humanities degrees are successful in the workplace, experiencing low rates of unemployment and reporting high levels of job satisfaction. The ratio between average median (中位数) incomes for humanities degree holders and those with business, engineering, and health and medical sciences degrees has been shown to narrow over the course of a career.
The case for the humanities can also be understood in less transactional (事务性的) terms and more as a foundational preparation for a life well lived. A humanities education plays a vital role in encouraging citizens to lead an examined life. It fosters critical thinking, self-reflection, empathy and tolerance, the usefulness of which only becomes more apparent as one navigates life’s challenges.
By all means, students should take courses they think practical and follow their interests, but if they also make a point of studying the literature of the Renaissance, or researching into modem poetry, or even taking introductory philosophy, we will all benefit.
32. What do the students’ conversation show
A. Students feel employment difficult.
B. Students think philosophy less important.
C. Students find scientific innovation amazing.
D. Students consider university courses unsatisfying.
33. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Equally applied. B. Highly valued.
C. Strictly assessed. D. Greatly improved.
34. The author may agree that humanities___________.
A. provide great insights into life B. prepare students for graduation
C. discover students’ artistic ability D. raise awareness of social celebrity
(二)阅读还原(共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Why Boundaries at Work Are Essential
What is a boundary, you ask A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something. ___35___ If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.
Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler(更微妙的). ___36___
Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someone’s behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work.
Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one. ___37___ One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout over time.
Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics(道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent(始终如一的)with this. ___38___ Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within.
___39___ . Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace.
A. Why are boundaries important
B. However, they are equally, if not more, important.
C. Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them.
D. Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful.
E. Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.
F. Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.
G. Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal discomfort, even conflict.
四、选词填空(共10小题; 每小题1分, 共10分)(原创)
请用方框中所给词完成句子。
accompany advocate digest domestic substance
40. He chose to______________ her on the trip.
41. This______________ appliance is intended for big families.
42. He paused, waiting for her to______________ the information.
43. Many experts______________ fitting all buildings with smoke detectors.
44. After treating the wormwood in a new way, she found a/an______________ that worked.
请用方框中所给词的正确形式完成句子。
amuse deep occupy reward secure
45. These smart homes will ensure our______________.
46. The Roman______________ of Britain left many towns and roads.
47. To my______________, the bicycle stolen 20 years ago was founded!
48. He is acknowledged as a writer of great wisdom and______________.
49. Setting goals can make your life manageable as well as______________.
五、书面表达(共两节, 32 分)
第一节阅读回答问题(共4小题: 第50、51题各2分, 第52题3分, 第53题5分, 共12分)
阅读表达
Before ending up on a supermarket shelf, an avocado (牛油果) has produced 1.3 kilograms of carbon into the atmosphere. Its production alone consumes 60 gallons of water. Despite this, the fruit will often be thrown away as household waste.
Household food waste is the result of mismanagement. Much of the waste is avoidable and the food may have been eaten had it been better managed. To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers determine to remove date labelling, such as the “use-by” or “best-before” date, from some fresh food items.
Past studies have confirmed the importance of date labelling. Almost 60% of Western European consumers surveyed said they “always” check date labels while purchasing. But date labelling has long come under criticism because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making. Indeed, consumers commonly don’t accept edible (可食用的), but date-expired (过期的) food.
The removal of date labelling is therefore a promising start. Without date labels, information that may affect consumers’ understanding of what is edible is removed. Instead, consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items.
In the case of an avocado, the advice given to consumers is that when ripe, it should have a “pleasant and slightly sweet aroma (气味)”, while the skin should be “dark green or brown”. Information is also provided on how an avocado should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to an expiration date.
50. What do food retailers decide to do to reduce household food waste
______________________________________________________________________________
51. Why has date labelling been criticized
______________________________________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
If consumers can be informed of the food’s nutritional value, they will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to date labels.
______________________________________________________________________________
53. Do you support the removal of date labelling Why or why not (In about 40 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
六、写作(共 20分)(原创)
54. 假设你是红星中学高二年级学生李华。最近你班交换生Jim听说他平常练习滑板(go skateboarding)的红星公园将在园区内限制该项活动，向你询问相关情况。请你给他回信，内容包括以下要点：
1. 公园的规定；
2. 你对此事的看法；
3. 你的建议。
注意： 1. 词数 100 字左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、完型填空(共10小题, 每小题1分, 共10分)
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲虽然患有老年痴呆症，不认人也不记事，但父亲偶尔的只言片语依然让作者感受到深深的父爱。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们的谈话有时会重复或充满沉默，但有时我会得到这些宝贵的话语。A. simplified简化了的；B. invaluable非常珍贵的；C. abnormal反常的；D. anxious渴望的。根据“My father has Alzheimer’s (阿兹海默症病人).”可知，父亲因阿兹海默症不能正常交流，所以父亲偶尔跟作者讲的话对作者来说是很宝贵的。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他已经很久没有叫我的名字了。 A. called叫；喊；B. taught教；C. contacted联系；D. evaluated评价。根据“My father has Alzheimer’s (阿兹海默症病人).”可知，父亲患有老年痴呆症，由此推知，作者父亲很久没有叫过作者的名字了。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当他说这些话时，我的眼泪涌了出来。 A. summed up总结；B. rolled over翻滚；C. welled up (眼泪等)涌上；D. ran out用完。根据““I knew when I saw you, I wanted to take you home,” my dad says to me.”可知，父亲连女儿的名字都不记得了，但女儿一直在父亲记忆的最深处，所以听到父亲说这样的话，作者的眼泪涌了出来。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲在女儿出生时见到她的深刻记忆。A. need需要；B. memory记忆；C. dream梦想；D. intention目的。根据““I knew when I saw you, I wanted to take you home,” my dad says to me.”可知，作者的父亲之所以说那句话是因为他想起了女儿刚出生时的场景。由此可知，父亲的深刻记忆是女儿出生的时候。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他知道坐在他旁边的是同一个人吗？ A. believe相信；B. wonder惊奇；C. found发现；D. know知道。根据“He points to the photo and says, “She’s smart. She can do anything.””可知，父亲指着照片夸自己的女儿，这让作者疑惑父亲是否知道照片里的人和坐在他旁边的作者是同一个人。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没关系。A. last持续；B. appear出现；C. work工作；D. matter关系。根据“In that moment I feel his love and it’s a/an ___7___ of my pain.”可知，作者从父亲的话里感受到了父爱。所以，从作者的角度来说，就算父亲不知道自己就是照片里的人也没关系。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，我感受到他的爱，我的痛苦得到了缓解。A. relief欣慰；减轻；B. reminder提示；C. instance场合；D. absence缺席。根据“my pain.”可知，父亲患病让作者心疼。父亲的话让作者感受到父爱，这对作者来说意味着痛苦的减轻。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我听得越多，就越觉得他的话和很久以前的记忆联系在一起。A. expect期望；B. imagine想象；C. sense觉得；意识到；D. doubt怀疑。根据“that his words are tied to a memory from long ago.”可知，作者意识到父亲的话都和很久以前的记忆联系在一起。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能很难找到一个词，但他找到了一种表达自己的方式。A. attempt尝试；B. hesitate犹豫；C. forget忘记；D. struggle艰难地进行。根据“to find a word but he finds a way to express himself.”可知，老年痴呆症影响了父亲的语言表达能力，所以交谈吃力地进行。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他说出这些意想不到的话时，我很感激能在他身边。A. grateful感激的；B. curious好奇的；C. ashamed感到惭愧的；D. amused愉快的。根据“when he says these unexpected words.”可知，充满父爱的话是作者陪伴父亲时意料之外的收获。能听到父亲说这些话，作者是心怀感恩的。故选A。
二、语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1分, 共10分)(原创)
【答案】11. was caught
12. On##Upon
13. had seen
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个女孩乘船偶遇暴风雨的个人经历。
【11题详解】
考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了暴风雨。由并列连词and可知空处填谓语动词，和set out并列。由提示动词set out可知时态是一般过去时，主语she和catch之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时的被动，即was caught。be caught in表示“遇到，陷入”。故填was caught。
【12题详解】
考查介词和固定短语。句意：到达岸边后，女孩挣扎着爬上悬崖，朝着她看到的光线走去。根据提示词arriving并结合句意可知，此处考查“on/upon+doing”结构，表示“一……就……”。空格置于句首，首字母要大写。故填On/Upon。
【13题详解】
考查谓语动词时态。句意：到达岸边后，女孩挣扎着爬上悬崖，朝着她看到的光线走去。分析句子结构，“she _____3_____ (see)”是省略关系代词的定语从句，所以空处作从句的谓语动词。由句意可知，看见灯光发生在爬上悬崖朝灯光走去之前，过去的过去用过去完成时，即had seen。故填had seen。
【答案】14. or 15. has been
16. are connected
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新技术在医学上的应用。
【14题详解】
考查连词。句意：说到医学，通过新技术，有大脑或其他损伤的人将能够找到新的希望。此处含有选择意义，用连词or“或者”。故填or。
【15题详解】
考查时态。句意：例如，最近有一种技术可以帮助盲人用摄像头看到东西，聋哑人用连接到大脑的麦克风听到声音。根据时间状语recently可知，用现在完成时，主语是technology，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填has been。
【16题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：例如，最近有一种技术可以帮助盲人用摄像头看到东西，聋哑人用连接到大脑的麦克风听到声音。短语：be connected to与……连接。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。先行词microphones为复数，that替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，与connect之间时被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用are。故填are connected。
【答案】17. where
18. Stretching
19. wonders
20. but
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的大堡礁海洋公园。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：国家公园是值得珍惜的地方——在这里，这个国家把它最好的东西保护起来，让每个人都能欣赏。句中先行词为places，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where，故填where。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：大堡礁绵延2300多公里，被认为是世界自然奇观之一。逻辑主语the Great Barrier Reef与stretch之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填Stretching。
【19题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：大堡礁绵延2300多公里，被认为是世界自然奇观之一。固定结构：one of+ the+复数名词。故填wonders。
【20题详解】
考查连词。句意：不幸的是，对它最大的威胁是全球变暖，但公园管理不能停止。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词。故填but。
三、阅读理解(共两部分, 共38分)
(一)阅读选择(共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分)
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个适合冬季冒险旅行的国家公园。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Joshua Tree National Park California.”部分中“The park is recognized as an International Dark Sky Park, featuring virtually zero light pollution and the country’s best views of a starry sky. (该公园被公认为国际黑暗天空公园，具有几乎零光污染和全国最佳的星空景观)”可知，如果游客对星星感兴趣，可去Joshua Tree National Park。故选B。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.”部分中“For those adventurous and daring, it is recommended to hike the Bright Angel Trail and take the chance to see the canyon’s wintertime wildlife, including mule deer, elk, and bald eagles. (对于那些冒险和大胆的人，建议徒步旅行the Bright Angel Trail，并有机会看到峡谷的冬季野生动物，包括骡鹿，麋鹿和秃鹰)”可推知，在冬天去the Bright Angel Trail旅行徒步是具有挑战性的。故选A。
【23题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While most parks tend to draw families in the summer and fall, there are also ideal spots for adventurous winter trips. (虽然大多数公园往往在夏天和秋天吸引家庭，但也有适合冒险的冬季旅行的理想场所)”并结合后文内容可知，本篇文章主要介绍了四个适合冬季旅行的国家公园。由此可知，D选项“The Best National Parks in Winter. (冬季最佳国家公园)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了残奥会选手阿纳斯塔西娅·帕格尼丝14岁失明，但她身残志不残，最终通过不懈努力取得成功。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段““Nobody wanted to train the blind girl,” she recalled in an interview with TEAM USA.(“没人想训练这个盲女，”她在接受“美国队”采访时回忆说。)”可知，帕格尼丝退出比赛后面临着很难找到教练的困难。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段““I want to help people the way I needed help,”Pagonis told TEAM USA. “I started doing Instagram and social media and was soon getting a bunch of replies saying, ‘Wow! You really helped me get through bad things,’ or, ‘I was getting bullied in school and you helped me get through that,’ or, ‘You let me know how much I was worth. (“我想用我需要的方式帮助别人，”帕格尼丝告诉“美国队”。“我开始刷Instagram和社交媒体，很快就收到了很多回复，‘哇!你真的帮我度过了一些不好的事情，’或者‘我在学校被人欺负，是你帮我度过的’，或者‘你让我知道了我的价值’。)”可知，帕格尼丝帮助很多人度过难关。故选C。
【26题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词后句““It’s my happy place,” she told TODAY. (“这是（让）我快乐的地方，”她告诉《今日》杂志。)”可知，帕格尼丝回到水利心情很好。由此推知，in her element为“心情愉悦”之意。故选A。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Paralympian Anastasia Pagonis’ remarkable success story began when she lost her vision at age 14.(残奥会选手阿纳斯塔西娅·帕格尼丝非凡的成功故事始于她14岁失明时。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了残奥会选手阿纳斯塔西娅·帕格尼丝14岁失明，但她身残志不残，最终通过不懈努力取得成功，即文章告诉我们残疾并不会限制一个人的成功。故选D。
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. A 31. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们之所以在吃到西兰花的时候觉得难吃是因为口腔唾液中的一种特定的酶。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一、第二段“When served cauliflower or broccoli, some kids turn away in annoyance. Don’t blame them—a new study suggests specific enzymes(酶) in saliva(唾液) might make these vegetables taste terrible to some children. These enzymes, called cysteine lyases, are produced by bacteria in the mouth.(当端上花椰菜或西兰花时，一些孩子会厌烦地转身离开。不要责怪他们，一项新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能会让一些孩子觉得这些蔬菜很难吃。这些酶被称为半胱氨酸裂解酶，是由口腔中的细菌产生的。)”可知，这两段主要解释了为什么吃西兰花的时候会觉得难吃，也就是解释了难闻的味道的起因。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“These enzymes break down a compound(化合物) called S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) in these vegetables, and this breakdown process transforms the compound into sharp smell molecules(分子). Previous studies of adults suggest the level of cysteine lyase activity in a person’s saliva determines how much the SMCSO breaks down. This, in turn, influences how these vegetables taste to adults.(这些酶在这些蔬菜中分解一种叫做SMCSO的化合物，这个分解过程将这种化合物转化为有强烈气味的分子。先前对成年人的研究表明，人唾液中半胱氨酸裂解酶的活性水平决定了SMCSO的分解程度。这反过来又影响了这些蔬菜对成年人而言尝起来的味道。)”可知，这些酶决定了西兰花的味道。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The findings agree with past studies of how our tastes change over time: we can learn to overcome our distaste for certain food by eating it more(这些发现与过去关于我们的口味如何随时间变化的研究一致：我们可以通过多吃来克服对某种食物的厌恶。)”可知，通过不断地接触，我们可以接受某种不太喜欢的事物。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When served cauliflower or broccoli, some kids turn away in annoyance. Don’t blame them—a new study suggests specific enzymes(酶) in saliva(唾液) might make these vegetables taste terrible to some children. (当端上花椰菜或西兰花时，一些孩子会厌烦地转身离开。不要责怪他们，一项新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能会让一些孩子觉得这些蔬菜很难吃。)”可推断，作者写这篇文章主要介绍了一个新的研究发现。故选D。
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人文学科在高等教育中的重要性，提出文科教育不仅对个人成长有利，也对社会发展不可或缺。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Last fall, I happened to overhear a student telling the others he had decided not to sign up for an introductory philosophy(哲学)course. The demands of his major, be said seriously, meant he needed to take “practical” courses, and “enlightenment” would simply have to wait. For now, employability was the most important.(去年秋天，我无意中听到一个学生告诉其他人，他决定不报哲学导论课程。他严肃地说，专业的要求意味着他需要学习“实用”课程，而“启蒙”只能等一等。目前，就业能力是最重要的。)”可推测，学生认为哲学并没有其他课程重要。故选B。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线短语上文“It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills, but they also look for other capabilities. (的确，许多雇主都在寻找具有专业技术技能的毕业生，但他们也在寻找其他能力。)”可知，雇主也在寻找其他能力。而根据划线短语主句“As the world is transformed by artificial intelligence, machine learning and automation,(随着世界被人工智能、机器学习和自动化所改变，)”可知，人工智能、机器学习和自动化将改变世界，由此可推测，人类独特的创造力、想象力和道德推理能力会显得“尤为重要、有价值”。选项B“Highly valued.(高度重视)”与划线短语相似。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The key role of higher education was to invite students into the conversations about matters like what it means to be alive and the definition of justice. Fostering(鼓励)engagement with these subjects is still an essential part of the university’s function in society.(高等教育的关键作用是邀请学生参与对话，讨论生命的意义和正义的定义。促进对这些学科的参与仍然是大学社会职能的重要组成部分。)”根据第五段“Look no further than the founders of companies such as LinkedIn, Slack and Flickr, who are among the many tech businesspersons with degrees in the humanities, and who credit that training for their success.”（看看LinkedIn、Slack和Flickr等公司的创始人就知道了，他们是众多拥有人文学科学位的科技商业人士之一，他们把自己的成功归功于人文学科的培训。）可知，作者认为人文学科能够提供对生活深刻的见解。故选A。
(二)阅读还原(共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分)
【答案】35. E 36. B 37. F 38. G 39. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了工作场所中设置界限的重要性，包括身体界限、情感界限和心理界限，以及这些界限如何影响工作满意度和员工健康。
【35题详解】
根据空前内容“What is a boundary, you ask A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something.(你可能会问，什么是界限？界限是定义你与某人或某事之间关系的界限。)”可知，上文引入概念界限。选项E“Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.(界限可以是身体上的、精神上的、情感上的、有形的或无形的。)”对界限进行了分类。与下文“If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.(如果你告诉别人这是你的办公空间，你的桌子，或者你的椅子，你已经试图设置物理边界。)”内容一致，故选E。
【36题详解】
根据上文“It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler(更微妙的).(物理边界通常更容易理解。情感或精神上的界限可能更微妙。)”可知，上文提到了物理界限和精神上的界限。选项B“However, they are equally, if not more, important.(然而，它们同样重要，如果不是谁更重要的话。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是两种界限同样重要。故选B。
【37题详解】
根据空后内容“One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout over time. (这方面的一个例子是在周末或假期被反复要求工作到很晚。另一个例子是被要求看太多的客户或病人，以至于我们在一天结束时感到疲倦，到周五就筋疲力尽了。通常，以上工作场所的要求会导致压力增加，并且随着时间的推移，很有可能会精疲力竭。)”可知，下文讲述的是我们会被要求做一些超出我们能力范围的事情。选项F“Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time. (这种界限通常包括在很长一段时间内被要求做超出我们能力范围的事情。)”与下文内容相一致，指的都是我们被要求做超出我们能力范围的事情。故选F。
【38题详解】
根据上文内容“For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent(始终如一的)with this.(例如，你看重一种尊重员工和客户、尊重尊严、道德行事的职场文化。六个月后，你意识到公司领导一再以与此不一致的方式行事。)”以及常识可知，当个人价值观和公司不一致时，可能就会有冲突。选项G“Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal discomfort, even conflict.(你的价值观和道德标准与公司不一致，这可能会导致内部不适，甚至冲突。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是当你的价值观和道德标准与公司不一致，这可能会导致内部不适，甚至冲突。故选G。
【39题详解】
空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace. (边界有很多功能。他们帮助保护我们，明确我们的责任，保持我们的身体和情感能量，并实践我们的价值观和标准。学习设定界限的技能有助于我们优先考虑我们的价值观和幸福，更好地管理我们的压力。识别、设定和保持界限是很有价值的技能，不幸的是，我们在学校或工作场所往往没有学到这些技能。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是界限的重要性。选项A“Why are boundaries important (为什么界限很重要？)”可以统领本段内容。故选A。
四、选词填空(共10小题; 每小题1分, 共10分)(原创)
【答案】40. accompany
41. domestic
42. digest 43. advocate
44. substance
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：他选择陪她去旅行。choose to do sth.选择做某事。动词accompany为“陪伴”之意。结合句意，故填accompany。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这种家用电器是为大家庭设计的。名词appliance前用形容词修饰。形容词domestic为“家庭的”之意。结合句意，故填domestic。
【42题详解】
考查动词。句意：他停顿了一下，等着她消化这个信息。不定式to后接动词原形。动词digest为“消化”之意。结合句意，故填digest。
【43题详解】
考查动词。句意：许多专家主张在所有建筑物安装烟雾探测器。动词advocate为“主张”之意。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语Many experts为复数，谓语动词用动词原形。结合句意，故填advocate。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：在用一种新的方法处理艾草后，她发现了一种有效的物质。不定冠词a后接名词形式。名词substance为“物质”之意。结合句意，故填substance。
【答案】45. security
46. occupation
47. amusement
48. depth 49. rewarding
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些智能家居将确保我们的安全。形容词性物主代词our后接名词形式作宾语。secure的名词形式为security，意为“安全”，为不可数名词。结合句意，故填security。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：罗马占领英国后留下了许多城镇和道路。the+名词+of。occupy的名词形式为occupation，意为“占领；占据”，为不可数名词。结合句意，故填occupation。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：使我感到好笑的是，那辆20年前被偷的自行车被找回来了！固定搭配to one’s +名词。amuse的名词形式为amusement，意为“娱乐，消遣”，为不可数名词。结合句意，故填amusement。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意：他被公认为一位极具智慧和深度的作家。根据并列连词and前的名词wisdom可知，用名词形式。deep的名词形式为depth，意为“深度”。结合句意，故填depth。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意：设定目标可以让你的生活更易于管理，也是值得的。根据并列连词as well as前形容词manageable可知，用形容词形式，在句中作宾语补足语。reward的形容词形式为rewarding，意为“值得的”。结合句意，故填rewarding。
五、书面表达(共两节, 32 分)
【答案】50. Food retailers decide to remove date labelling.
51. Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.
52. If consumers can be informed of the food’s nutritional value, they will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to date labels.
Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. The issue of food’s nutritional value is not discussed in the passage. So if consumers can be better informed of the food’s look, taste and feel, they will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to date labels.
53. I don’t support the removal of date labelling, because removing date labels from some fresh food items can prevent consumers from knowing the edible information of the food.
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章从食品浪费问题切入，讨论了食品上日期标签的影响以及是否可以通过移除日期标签来减少食品浪费。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers determine to remove date labelling, such as the “use-by” or “best-before” date, from some fresh food items. (为了减少家庭食物浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定取消一些新鲜食品上的日期标签，比如“保质期”或“最佳食用日期”)”可知，为了减少家庭食物浪费，食品零售商决定取消一些新鲜食品上的日期标签。故答案为Food retailers decide to remove date labelling.
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“But date labelling has long come under criticism because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making. (但日期标签长期以来一直受到批评，因为不能真正理解日期标签往往会导致不合理的决策)”可知，日期标签受到批评是因为不能真正理解日期标签往往会导致不合理的决策。故答案为Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.
【52题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“In the case of an avocado, the advice given to consumers is that when ripe, it should have a “pleasant and slightly sweet aroma (气味)”, while the skin should be “dark green or brown”. Information is also provided on how an avocado should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to an expiration date. (就牛油果而言，给消费者的建议是，当牛油果成熟时，它应该有一种“宜人的微甜香气”，而表皮应该是“深绿色或棕色”。信息中还提供了牛油果“过熟”时的外观、味道和触感。希望了解更多信息的消费者不太可能因为过期而盲目扔掉食物)”可知，如果消费者更加了解食物的外观、味道和触感等信息，而非营养价值，那么就不太可能因为日期标签而盲目扔掉食物。故答案为If consumers can be informed of the food’s nutritional value, they will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to date labels.
Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. The issue of food’s nutritional value is not discussed in the passage. So if consumers can be better informed of the food’s look, taste and feel, they will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to date labels.
【53题详解】
开放性试题。题目要求考生谈谈是否支持移除日期标签，考生言之有理即可。例如，根据倒数第二段中“Without date labels, information that may affect consumers’ understanding of what is edible is removed. (没有日期标签，可能会影响消费者对什么是可食用的理解的信息被删除了)”可知，移除日期标签会阻碍消费者了解食物的可食用信息。故答案为I don’t support the removal of date labelling, because removing date labels from some fresh food items can prevent consumers from knowing the edible information of the food.
六、写作(共 20分)(原创)
54. 【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to hear that the Hongxing Park, where you usually go skateboarding, will limit the activity within the park. According to the park’s new regulations, skateboarding is now prohibited in some areas of the park to ensure the safety of visitors.
Personally, I understand the park’s decision, as it is necessary to ensure the safety of all visitors. However, I also believe that skateboarding is a fun and exciting activity that should be enjoyed in a safe environment.
I suggest you look for other skateboarding parks or outdoor spaces where you can practice your skills. Additionally, you may want to consider joining a skateboarding club or community to connect with other skateboarders and learn about new places to skate.
I hope this information is helpful.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的信件。要求考生给交换生Jim写封信，告知其红星公园对于滑板运动的限制。
【详解】1.词汇积累
禁止：prohibit→ forbid
必要的：necessary → essential
令人兴奋的：exciting → thrilling
此外：additionally→ in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Additionally, you may want to consider joining a skateboarding club or community to connect with other skateboarders and learn about new places to skate.
拓展句：Additionally, you may want to consider joining a skateboarding club or community so that you can connect with other skateboarders and learn about new places to skate.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sorry to hear that the Hongxing Park, where you usually go skateboarding, will limit the activity within the park.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和where引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Personally, I understand the park’s decision, as it is necessary to ensure the safety of all visitors.（运用了as引导的状语从句）
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