备战2015年中考二轮讲练测
专题2:代词(讲案)
一讲考点——考点梳理
代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词,使用代词可以避免重复,使句子简洁。
人称代词的图表
数 人称代词
人 称 主格 宾格
单 数 第一人称 我 I me
第二人称 你 you you
第三人称 他 he him
她 she her
它 it it
复 数 第一人称 我们 we us
第二人称 你们 you you
第三人称 他们 they them
人称代词就是表示“我、你、他”的词。它有人称、数和格的变化。第三人称还有阳性、阴性和中性的不同。
一、人称代词的用法:
作主语时用主格。例如:I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。
拓展提示:
(1).当几个人称代词并列作主语或者宾语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时,我们出于礼貌,将其排列的顺序为you--she/ he--I ,复数时we--you--they.
例如:You, he and I all like the film.你、他和我都喜欢这部电影。
当表示承担错误或者责任时顺序的关系是:I--you--he 例如:I and he broke the window.
(2)She/ he 还可以表示拟人。She 可指月亮、土地、国家和鸟等柔美的、可爱的动物;he 可指马、大象和狗等动物。
【经典例句】The moon has risen. She is round and bright.月亮升起来了,她又圆又亮。
人称代词作宾语(用宾格)
作及物动词的宾语。例如:Mr. Green teaches us English.
作介词的宾语。例如:I often play football with him.
作表语的时候,书面语常用主格,而在口语中常用宾格形式。
物主代词的用法:
物主代词用来表示所有关系的。分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
数 人 称 代 词
人 称 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
单 数 第一人称 我的 my mine
第二人称 你的 your yours
第三人称 他的 his his
她的 her hers
它的 its its
复 数 第一人称 我们的 our ours
第二人称 你们的 your yours
第三人称 他们的 their theirs
物主代词
1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主语)
--- Is this English-book yours? (作表语)
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
I‘ve already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作宾语)
指示代词
指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。
1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those
则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如:
This is a pen and that is a pencil.
We are busy these days.
In those days the workers had a hard time.
2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this 和these则是指下面将要讲
到的事物,例如:
I had a cold. That’s why I didn‘t come.
What I want to say is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.
3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如:
Television sets made ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
4. this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。例如:
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
反身代词
英语中用来表示“我自己”,“你自己”,“他自己”,“我们自己”,“你们自己”
等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。
反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。
1. 作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。
He called himself a writer.
Would you please express yourself in English?
2. 作表语。
It doesn’t matter.I‘ll be myself soon.
The girl in the news is myself.
3. 作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主语同位语)
You should ask the teacher himself.(作宾语同位语)
相互代词
表示相互关系的代词叫做相互 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中,each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语,定语。作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式。
We should learn from each other / one another. (作宾语)
Do you often write to each other / one another? (作宾语)
We often borrow each other’s / one another‘s books. (作定语)
The students correc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted each other’s / one another‘s mistakes in their homework.
(作定语)
疑问代词
疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑
问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如:
Who is going to come here tomorrow? (作主语)
What is that? (作表语)
Whose umbrella is this? (作定语)
Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)
关系代词
关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语。 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如:
I hate people who talk much but do little.
I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.
With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.
Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?
二讲题型——题型解析
【例题一】
Aunt Tina will visit us soon. _______ is arriving tomorrow morning.
A. He B. She C. His D. Her
【答案】B
──考查代词的用法:He人称代词主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )格,他;She人称代词主格,她;His形容词性,名词性物主代词,他的;Her人称代词宾格,她。形容词性物主代词,她的。句意:蒂娜阿姨不久就要来拜访我们。他明天早晨到。结合语境可知下文用人称代词主格做主语,指代前文提到的蒂娜阿姨,故选B。
【例题二】
—Here is a dictionary . Whose is it
--Oh, it’s ________. Thank you.
A. me B. my C. mine
【答案】C
──考查代词的用法:me人称代词宾格,我;m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y 形容词性物主代词,我的;mine名词性物主代词,我的。句意:这儿有一本词典,它是谁的?——哦,是我的。谢谢你。结合语境可知下文用名词性物主代词做表语,故选C。
【例题三】
I can’t find my ticket. I think I must have lost_____.
it B. one C. this D. them
【答案】A
──考查代词的用法:句意: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我找不到我的票了,我想我一定是把它给丢了。it 它,代指同一物;one 做代词时,只表示同一类,但不是同一物;this这个;them他们。根据句意可知,这里的it 指代的就是上句话中的ticket,是同一张票。故选A。
【例题四】
We decide to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) make ________ a rule for us room-mates to turn off the lights at 10:30 pm.
A. that B. this C. it D. one
【答案】C
──考查代词的用法:句意:我们决定把在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )晚上10:30关灯成为我们室友的一个规则。此处it做形式宾语,to turn off the lights at 10:30 pm作为真正的宾语。故选C。
【例题五】
—What do you think of your host family, Jim
—Great. They try ________ best to make me feel at home.
A. they B. their C. them D. theirs
【答案】B
──考查代词的用法:句意:-Jim,你 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )觉得你的寄宿家庭怎么样?-很棒。他们尽他们的最大努力让我感觉就像在自己家里一样。they 他们,是人称代词主格形式;their 他们的,是形容词性物主代词;them 他们,是人称代词宾格形式;theirs他们的,是名词性物主代词。try one’s best to do sth.尽某人的最大努力去做某事。故选B。
【例题六】
– Excuse me, may I use your bicycle ______ is broken.
-- Certainly. But remember to return it before lunch.
A. I B. Me C. Myself D. Mine
【答案】D
──考查代词的用法:句意:——对不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )起,打扰了,我可以用你的自行车吗?我的坏了。——当然可以。但是记着午饭前还给我。A. I 我,主格形式; B. Me 我,宾格形式; C. Myself 我,反身代词;D. Mine我的(东西),名词性物主代词。结合句意,此处指的是我的自行车,故用名词性物主代词。故选D。
三讲方法——辨析特例
代词应用的方法与规则
1.人称代词顺口溜:
人称代词有两类,一类主格一类宾;主格代词本领大,一切动作由它发;宾格代词不动脑,介动之后跟着跑。
2.物主代词顺口溜:
物主代词不示弱,带着“白勺”来捣乱;形容词性物主代,抓住名词不放松;最后只剩名词性,海阔天空任它走。
3.人称代词的用法:
(1)人称代词有主格、宾格之分,作主语时用主格形式,作宾语时用宾格形式。
e.g. She’s a good girl. We all like her.
(2)人称代词的排列顺序。
①单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:
第二人称→第三人称→第一人称
即you and I ; he/she/it and I ; you , he/she/it and I
顺口溜:第一人称最谦虚,但若错误责任担,第一人称学当先。
e.g. It was I and John that made her angry.
②复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:
第一人称→第二人称→第三人称
即we and you ; you and they ; we,you and they
4.物主代词的用法:
形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,后面要接名词;名词性物主代词要单独使用,后面不能接名词。
“名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词”
e.g. It’s not my CD player. It’s yours.
5.反身代词的用法:
①英语中用来表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我们自己”、“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词。
反身代词要与对应的主语保持“数、人称、词性”的一致。
e.g. The children enjoyed themselves in the party last night.
6.指示代词的用法:
近处的用this/these,远处的用that/those。
另外在比较状语从句中常用that代替前面出现过的不可数或单数可数名词,复数可数名词要用those。
e.g. This is mine and that is Sandra’s.
7.不定代词的用法
(1)some用在肯定句中,any ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用在非肯定句中(包括否定句、疑问句和条件句)。当说话人表示请求、建议等并且带有肯定意图时,即使是疑问句,也应该用some系列的不定代词。
e.g. If you have any problem,I’ll help you.
Do you have any books
Would you like some noodles
(2)all,both,every等代词与not,never等否定连用时,构成的只是部分否定;若全部否定,要用none或neither。
e.g. Not all of the students went to the amusement park yesterday.
(3)all表示“三者或三者以上都” none表示“三者或三者以上都不”
both表示“两者都” neither表示“两者都不” either表示“(两者之中)任何一个”
e.g. They have all finished the homework.
Neither of the movies is interesting.
(4)复合不定代词由no,some,any和every加上相应的-one,-body,-thing构成。
①-one,-body的复合不定代词只用于指人,-thing的复合不定代词只用于指物。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
②形容词修饰不定代词时,要放在不定代词的后面。
③it指上文中提过的同一事物,one和ones指代前面出现的同类可数名词;that指单数名词或不可数名词,those指复数名词。
e.g. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Hangzhou.
四练实题——随堂小练
1.【2014-2015学年江苏常州 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )西藏民族中学九年级上期末英语试卷】_____ is our duty _____ the environment.
A.This; protect B.It; to protect
C.This; protecting D.It; protect
2.【2014-2015学年江苏常州西 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )藏民族中学九年级上期末英语试卷】The article is easy because there are _____ new words in it.
A. a little B.a few C.little D. few
3.【2014-2015学年江 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )苏常州西藏民族中学九年级上期末英语试卷】---Help _____ to some beef, Ciping.
---Thanks. It’s very delicious.
A .you B. yourselves C. yourself D. yours
4.【2014-2015学年江苏常州西藏民族中学九年级上期末英语试卷】---Is this _____ mobile phone
--- No, it is _____. John’s phone is beside his cup.
A. hers; his B. his; her
C. yours; his D. his; hers
5.【2014-2015学年福建南平市 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )水东学校九年级上期中英语试卷】_______of us likes to be alone on Spring Festival. We all like to be with out family.
A. No one B. None C. Someone
五练原创——预测提升
1.— How many of you are going to the party
—________, they are all going to the concert.
A.None B. All C. Some D. Neither
2.— Have you done all the washing, dear
— Not yet. It will take about _______ five minutes.
A.another B. other C. more D. less
3.______ is important for us to study English well.
A That B. This C. It D .He
4.Daming and I will g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o to USA this winter. _______ look forward to the trip.
A.I B.You C.We D.They
5.________ ani ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mals are in danger and there will be ________ space for them if we don’t take any actions.
A.More and more, more and more
B. Less and less, less and less
C. More and more, less and less
D. Less and less, more and more