备战2015年中考二轮讲练测
专题3:冠词(讲案)
一讲考点——考点梳理
一、冠词概述
冠词是虚词,它不能单独使用。只能附在一个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词上说明这个名词。冠词分为不定冠a(an)词和定冠词the。不定冠词一般表示泛指;定冠词一般表示特指。
二、不定冠词a(an)的用法
A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。a用于辅音字母开始的词前;an用于元音字母开始的词前。如:a girl an English book
B. 不定冠词用来表示类别,指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个(泛指)。如:
His father is a doctor. I work in a middle school in Beijing.
C. 不定冠词用于单数可数名词前,可以表示其全类(泛指)。如:
An English teacher teaches the students how to learn English.
三、定冠词the的用法
① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。
如:He bought an Engl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ish-Chinese dictionary this morning. The dictionary is very good.
② 用于单数可数名词前,表示整体或类别。
如:The panda is a rare animal.
此句等于:A panda is a rare animal. = Pandas are rare animals.
③ 用来表示世界上独一无二的事物。
如:the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world
④ 用于表示阶级、党派的名词前。
如:the Chine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se Communist Party , the working class the proletariat 无产阶级
⑤ 常用于含有普通名词或形容词的专有名词前。
A. 用于许多江海,山脉,群岛等名词前:
The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific Ocean
B. 用于由普通名词构成的国名:
The People’s Republic of China the United States
C. 用于机关、团体、朝代、时代、报刊杂志等名词前:
the United Nati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ons the State Council the Tang dynasty the People’s Daily
the Summer Palace the Peace Hotel the British Museum
⑥ 用于表示方位的名词前。
如:the east the southwest the middle the Far East on the left
⑦ 用于乐器名词前,但汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词。
如:play the piano play the violin play erhu
⑧ 用于复数的姓氏前,表示"两夫妇"或"全家",在此情况下,这类名词作复数对待。
如:When we got there, the Lius were waiting for us.
The Smiths watch TV every day.
⑨ 用于某些形容词或过去分词前,表示一类人或事物。
如:the poor the rich the living the young
the wounded the oppressed the beautiful
⑩ 用在形容词的最高级前或序数词前。
如:Shanghai is the biggest city in china.
After the game, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the first thing they wanted to do was to take a hot bath.
四、零冠词用法
① 表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前,不用冠词。
Now people are living a happy life. Trees are planted everywhere.
② 不含普通名词的专有名词,表示泛指的物质名词和抽象名词前,不用冠词。
We are studying English. He is leaving for America this year.
It is pleasan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t to walk in soft snow. Love is always stronger than hatred.
③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰,不用冠词。
I like this picture better. Is that your book
Take their chairs away! I do not have any money on me.
As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。
She likes spring whi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le I like summer. We have no classes on Saturday.
The Long March started in October 1934.
⑤ 表示只有一人担任的职务、头衔的名词前,不用冠词。
We have elected him our monitor.
⑥ 三餐饭的名词前,一般不用冠词。
When do you have lunch After supper we usually take a walk.
⑦ 节假日等名词前,不用冠词。
Children all wear their best clothes on National Day.
People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
注意:在eve后有of短语则要加定冠词:
on the eve of National Day on the eve of New Year’s Day
⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名词前,不用冠词。
play basketball play chess
⑨ 作表语用表示程度的形容词最高级前,不用冠词。
Your help was most timely. This method is most effective.
注意:如果有比较范围,形容词最高级前必须加定冠词:
Of all methods, this is the most effective.
⑩ 在某些固定词组里,名词前不用冠词。
on foot by ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) train/ boat / plane… in fact as a matter of fact
in class in church in danger in hospital in town
in bed at home at school at daybreak at sunrise
at dusk at sunset at night at noon go to school
go to class ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) go to bed from morning till night from victory to victory
from door to door
五、注意事项
① 当man作人类讲时,用零冠词。 Man will conquer nature.
② 某些抽象名词具体化时是可数名词,其前可加a。surprise, fire, joy,
He is a success as a teacher. Long Jing is a famous tea in China.
③ a用于姓氏前表示某个只知道名字而不不熟悉的人。
A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside.
④ 在某些句型中可加a
It is a pity that you have missed the chance.
It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do sth.
⑤ word 作消息讲时,用零冠词。 Word came that he would go abroad.
二讲题型——题型解析
【例题一】 -- Why did your family choose the hotel near the ocean
-- Because all the people said it was _______ inexpensive one .
A.a B. an C. the
【答案】B
【解析】
------考查冠词的用法:句意:-为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )什么你的家人选择靠近海洋的那家旅馆?-因为所有的人都说它是不昂贵的一个旅馆。不定冠词a/an表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示一个。a用于辅音音素前an用于元音因素前。根据句意,可知是表示类别,表示一个。Inexpensive以元音因素开头,所以用an,故选B。
【例题二】 – Do you know _____ man in black over there
-- Yes. He is _____ office manager of International Hotel.
A. a, an B. the, a
C. a, the D. the, an
【答案】D
【解析】
-----考查冠词的用法:句意:你认识 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )那儿那个穿黑色衣服的人吗?是的,它是国际酒店的办公室经理。 office[ f s],元音音素 前要用冠词an;the man in black,the 在这里是特指。据题意,故选D。
【例题三】This is ____ book I bought yesterday. Isn't it _____useful one
A. the, the B. the, a
C.a, the D. the, an
【答案】B
【解析】
-----考查冠词的用法:这是我昨天买的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )那本书。它不是一本有用的书吗?不定冠词a/an表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示一个。a用于辅音音素前an用于元音因素前。定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物,特指前文出现过的事物或说话双方都知道的事物。序数词和最高级前要加冠词the. 如果名词后有介词短语,分词短语及定语从句修饰经常表示特指,加冠词the。根据句意可知book后有定语从句修饰,故填the; 第二个句子表示类别,useful以辅音音素开头,故选B。
【例题四】This is _______ song I’ve always told you about. Isn’t it _______ beautiful one
A. a; a B. a; the
C. the; the D. the; a
【答案】D
【解析】
-----考查冠词的用法:该题考查的是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )冠词的用法。第一个空是特指,特指我给你说过的那首歌,第二个空是表示某一个类别。根据句意:这是我已经告诉你的那首歌,难道它不是一首漂亮的歌吗?所以应选D
【例题五】 ------How far is it from this hotel to ________ station
------It is ______ eleven-kilometer walk from here.
A. the; the B. the; an
C. a; a D. a; the
【答案】B
【解析】
-----考查冠词的用法:句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ):-从这个学校到车站有多远?-从这里走路要11公里。a/an是不定冠词,表示泛指一个……;an用于元音发音开头的单词前;the 是定冠词,表示特指这个;根据句意可知,第一个空表示特指两个人都知道的车站,故用the;第二个空用an修饰后面的名词walk,表示一段路程。故选B。
【例题六】 — Have you ev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er watched ______ latest documentary, A Bite of China
— Yes, I like it very much. It even makes my mouth water.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【答案】C
【解析】
-----考查冠词的用法:句意:-你看过最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )近的记录片《舌尖上的中国》吗?-是的,我非常喜欢,它甚至使我流口水。定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物,特指前文出现过的事物或说话双方都知道的事物。序数词和最高级前要加冠词the. 如果名词后有介词短语,分词短语及定语从句修饰经常表示特指,加冠词the。根据有最高级修饰,故选C。
三讲方法——辨析特例
一、冠词位置
1) 不冠词的位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:
a. 位于下列形容词之后:such,what,many,half,
I have never seen such an animal.
Many a man is fit for the job.
b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
So short a time.
Too long a distance.
c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。
但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot
d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当表语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:
Brave a man th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ough he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。
当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。
2) 定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。
All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。
二、特殊用法
1) 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。
He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。
The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是她的。
A cup of tea with milk,a cup of lemon tea.一杯奶茶,一杯柠檬茶。
2) 如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物。
He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫(黑白相间的猫)。
The black and white cat is hers. 这只花猫是她的。
三、冠词口诀:
冠词分为定冠、不定冠,零冠
不定冠词a和an,“—”的含义表泛指,
表示特指要用the,次序、方位、最高级,
世上物体独一个,人或事物再次提,
以下情况冠词免,学科球类三顿饭,
名词复数表泛指,季节星期月份前,
冠词免不是没冠词,停顿一下(/) 再读下面。
四练实题——随堂小练
1. 【2014-2015学年江苏常州 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )西藏民族中学九年级上期末英语试卷】There is _____ “ l” in the word “ love ”.
A. a B. an C.the D. /
2.【2014-2015学年福建南平市 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )水东学校九年级上期中英语试卷】 What _______ bad weather! It’s raining again, and it’s dark outside.
A, a B. an C. /
3.【2015届安徽铜陵市四校九年级2月 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )开学联考英语试卷】The Hobbit is such_______wonderful science fiction movie that I want to see it_______ second time.
A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a
4.【2015届天津雍阳中学九年级上期中测试 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )英语试卷】---What do you think of ______film about Lei Feng
---It’s ____ good film.
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a, a
5.【2015届四川遂宁大英县实验学校九年级第一次调研英语试卷】---It’s nice day, isn’t it
---Yes, what fine weather!
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; / D. the; /
五练原创——预测提升
1.Jimmy is _____one-year-old boy and he has _____8-year-old sister.
A. an, an B. an, a C .a, a D. a, an
2. _______(A)award ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) music for the Beijing 2008 0lympic Games was written by Tan Dun, _______ world-famous composer.
A. The; a B. The; the C. /; the D. /; a
3.——It seems that y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )our daughter shows ________ interest in playing ________ violin.
——Exactly. Her teacher says she has __________ gift for music.
A. a; the; a; /
B. an; the; a
C. a; a; a
D. an; the; the
4. ---- Have you ever seen _______ film Where are We Going, David
---- Yes, it’s________ interesting film.
A. a ; the B. the ; an C. a ; an D. the ; the
5. --- Is France ________ Asian country --- No, it isn’t.
A. a B. an C. the D. /